考前押题03 阅读理解5大常考话题（期中专项训练）高二英语上学期沪外版

考前押题03 阅读理解5大常考话题 话题1社会问题与社会现象（常考点） 话题2 个人经历 话题3 旅游观光（常考点） 话题4 人工智能 话题5 人与环境（难点） 高中阅读理解极简做题技巧 三步做题法 1. 先看题干，圈关键词 不读全文，先读5道题问题，圈画人名、数字、专有名词，知道要找什么。不要先读选项，避免被错误选项干扰。 2. 回原文定位（核心！） 拿着题干关键词回文章找一模一样/同义改写的句子，答案就在定位句的前后1‑2句。 > 大部分题目：选项是原文句子的同义替换，不是原句照搬。 3. 对比选项，再核对主旨，做完复查 比对定位句和ABCD；做完所有题，简单回顾文章主旨，防止局部对、整体跑偏。 话题1 社会问题与社会现象 Passage 1 （2526 高二上・上海嘉定一中、晋元高级中学・期中） Governments are addressing both immediate economic recovery from the global financial crisis and long-term prevention of future crises.At a December meeting,leaders are likely to agree that previous loose financial regulations need tightening.However,the current global financial system’s complexity poses new challenges.How can we redesign it to prevent future breakdowns? Experts suggest starting with insights from complexity science,which reveals that large interconnected systems,like ecosystems,can unexpectedly change due to small things.Applying these insights offers hope for better managing the financial system,despite acknowledging associated costs. Traditional economic policies assume separate and simple markets,ignoring how interconnected transactions(交易)influence each other.Complexity theorists compare the financial system to an ecosystem where minor changes can lead to crises.For instance,rising debt levels over time might have set the stage for today’s financial challenges,stimulated by events like a bank collapse. A major problem is the increased flow of money across borders,boosting global prosperity but also spreading local shocks worldwide.Nobel winner Paul Krugman notes that since 1995,cross-border investments have speeded up the global spread of crises,exposing systemic weaknesses. Complexity experts criticize financial firms for assessing risks transaction by transaction without considering how they’re interconnected,which can intensify risks across the entire system.They advocate introducing“firebreaks”in the financial network to reduce connectivity and restore diversity,essential for durability against shocks. However,implementing such changes faces resistance from an industry that prioritizes streamlined operations for profit.Yet,restoring diversity and managing connectivity are crucial,similar to maintaining ecological flexibility in changing environments. Bar-Yam stresses the need for accurate scientific modeling and verification of economic policies,similar to approaches in other scientific fields.This is essential for informed policymaking that acknowledges the complexity and unpredictability of market behaviors. In summary,while policymakers are beginning to grasp the systemic risks posed by financial interdependence,effectively reshaping the global financial system will require addressing complex challenges and adopting strict scientific methods in policymaking. 1．According to the passage,what do the financial system and ecosystems have in common? A．In both of them,each input is reacted to consistently. B．In both of them,each step has its isolated outcome. C．In both of them,future breakdowns are most likely to be predicted. D．In both of them,minor changes can lead to significant consequences. 2．According to the passage,what strategy do complexity experts recommend to avoid systemic risks? A．Decreasing interdependence within the financial network. B．Encouraging interconnectedness among financial institutions. C．Assessing the risk of each transaction in more scientific ways. D．Ignoring minor changes in financial markets to maintain stability. 3．What approaches does Bar-Yam advocate for effective policymaking in managing financial complexities? A．Introducing scientific modeling. B．Relying on traditional economic models. C．Prioritizing industry interests over systemic risks. D．Comparing new economic policies with old ones. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The impact of climate change on financial markets. B．The historical development of global financial regulations. C．Strategies for maximizing short-term profits in the financial system. D．The challenges of managing interconnectedness in the financial system. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了各国政府正努力复苏经济并防止未来出现危机。全球金融体系就像生态系统一样极其复杂，其中微小的变化都可能引发重大风险。专家建议减少相互联系，并采用科学模型，尽管这会遭遇工业界的抵制。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Experts suggest starting with insights from complexity science,which reveals that large interconnected systems,like ecosystems,can unexpectedly change due to small things.(专家们建议从复杂性科学的见解入手，该科学表明，像生态系统这样的大型相互关联的系统可能会因小事情而意外地发生变化)”以及第三段中“Complexity theorists compare the financial system to an ecosystem where minor changes can lead to crises.(复杂性理论家将金融体系比作一个生态系统，其中微小的变化可能会引发危机)”可知，金融系统和生态系统的共同之处是微小变化可能导致重大后果。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“They advocate introducing“firebreaks”in the financial network to reduce connectivity and restore diversity,essential for durability against shocks.(他们主张在金融网络中引入“防火墙”，以减少关联性并恢复多样性，这对于抵御冲击的持久性至关重要)”可知，复杂性专家建议减少金融网络内的相互依赖以避免系统性风险。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Bar-Yam stresses the need for accurate scientific modeling and verification of economic policies,similar to approaches in other scientific fields.This is essential for informed policymaking that acknowledges the complexity and unpredictability of market behaviors.(巴-亚姆强调，需要进行准确的科学建模和经济政策的验证，类似于其他科学领域的做法。这对于基于市场行为的复杂性和不可预测性的认识来进行明智的政策制定至关重要)”可知，巴-亚姆建议引入科学建模来应对金融复杂性。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“However,the current global financial system’s complexity poses new challenges.How can we redesign it to prevent future breakdowns?(然而，当前全球金融体系的复杂性带来了新的挑战。我们如何对其进行重新设计以防止未来的崩溃呢？)”和最后一段“In summary,while policymakers are beginning to grasp the systemic risks posed by financial interdependence,effectively reshaping the global financial system will require addressing complex challenges and adopting strict scientific methods in policymaking.(总之，尽管政策制定者已经开始意识到金融相互依存所带来的系统性风险，但要切实重塑全球金融体系，仍需应对复杂挑战，并在政策制定中采用严谨的科学方法)”可知，这篇文章的主旨是管理金融体系中相互关联性所面临的挑战。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2526 高二上・上海闵行中学・期中） Science advances fastest when data and conclusions are shared as quickly as possible.Yet it is common practice for medical researchers to conceal results for months or years until research is published in an academic journal.Even then,the data supporting a study are often not revealed. The motive to withhold findings is powerful.Journal papers are the key measure of a scientist’s productivity.To win research money and get promoted,scientists need to increase an impressive list of publications.Yet the delays in spreading knowledge have the capacity to do real harm.Nor are elite journals the guardians of quality that they often claim to be.The number of papers so flawed that they need to be retracted has risen sharply in the past two decades.Studies in elite journals(such as Nature and Science)are no statistically stronger than those in lesser journals. Science should not,and need not,be restrained by journal publication.Three sensible reforms would ensure that researchers’results could be communicated to more people more quickly,without any decline in quality.Step one is for the organizations that finance research to demand that scientists put their academic papers,along with their experimental data,in publicly accessible“databases”before they are sent to a journal.That would allow other researchers to make use of the findings without delay.Those opposing such“preprints”argue that they allow work of poor quality to grow wildly because it has not yet been peer-reviewed.That may surprise physicists and mathematicians,who have been posting work to arXiv,a preprint database,for more than 25 years with no ill effects. Step two is to improve the process of peer review itself.Journals currently administer a system of organizing anonymous peer reviewers to pass judgment on new research—a fact they use,in part,to justify their sky—high subscription prices.But this process tends to be abused.At its worst,groups of researchers are suspected of guaranteeing favorable reviews for each other’s work.Better that reviewers are named and that the reviews are published.The Gates foundation has announced its support for an online database where such open peer review of papers takes place.The database was launched last year by the Welcome Trust,meaning that the world’s two largest medical charities have thrown their weight behind it.Others should follow. Finally,science needs to stop relying so much on journal publication as the only recognized qualification for researchers and the only path to career progression.Tools exist that report how often a preprint has been viewed,for example,or whether a clinical data set has been cited in guidelines for doctors.A handful of firms are using artificial intelligence to assess the scientific importance of research,disregarding how it has been spread.Such approaches need encouragement.Journals may lose out,but science itself will benefit. 5．The passage primarily argues________. A．why scientists should timely make public their information with other peers B．how a reliable system that promotes fast sharing of academic outcomes can be established C．how the scientific circle ensures the quality of those research papers published in journals D．what the difference is between the studies posted to preprint databases and the elite journals 6．Which of the following is NOT the reason why scientists hold back their findings? A．They want to climb up the career ladders. B．They want to show their capacity of yielding great researches. C．They want to ensure the scientific validity before releasing them. D．They want to get funded for their study. 7．What can help reduce academics’dependence on journal publication? A．Using tools to report the frequency of a preprint being viewed. B．Firms using advanced technology to produce research. C．Citing doctors’guideline in processing a clinical data. D．Finding methods to assess the way those studies are shared or spread. 8．Which one of the following statements will the author most probably agree with? A．Full trust can be put in elite journals like Science and Nature. B．The prospect of scientific journals undoubtedly outweighs that of science. C．The popularity of preprint will inevitably bring about a careless academic world. D．Organizations ought to employ an open measure to conduct the peer review. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出医学科研成果公布滞后、期刊质量被高估，提出三项改革：建立预印本数据库、开放同行评审、减少对期刊发表的依赖，以加快学术共享、推动科学发展。 【详解】5．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Science should not,and need not,be restrained by journal publication.Three sensible reforms would ensure that researchers’results could be communicated to more people more quickly,without any decline in quality.(科学不应也不必受到期刊发表的限制。实施三项合理的改革措施，能够确保研究人员的研究成果能够以更快的速度传递给更多的人，并且不会影响其质量)”结合文章指出医学科研成果公布滞后、期刊质量被高估，提出三项改革：建立预印本数据库、开放同行评审、减少对期刊发表的依赖，以加快学术共享、推动科学发展。可知，文章主要论述了如何建立一个能够促进学术成果快速共享的可靠系统。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“The motive to withhold findings is powerful.Journal papers are the key measure of a scientist’s productivity.To win research money and get promoted,scientists need to increase an impressive list of publications.(隐瞒研究结果的动机很强。期刊论文是衡量科学家产出的关键标准。为了获得研究资金和晋升，科学家需要增加令人印象深刻的发表清单)”可知，C选项“他们希望在公布之前先确保其科学性”并非是科学家们对研究成果有所保留的原因。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Finally,science needs to stop relying so much on journal publication as the only recognized qualification for researchers and the only path to career progression.Tools exist that report how often a preprint has been viewed,for example,or whether a clinical data set has been cited in guidelines for doctors.(最后，科学界需要停止过度依赖期刊发表作为衡量研究人员能力的唯一标准以及衡量职业发展路径的唯一方式。确实存在一些工具可以报告一份预印本被浏览的次数，或者某个临床数据集是否已被纳入医生的诊疗指南之中)”可知，利用工具来记录预印本的浏览次数能够帮助减少学者对期刊发表的依赖。故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Better that reviewers are named and that the reviews are published.The Gates foundation has announced its support for an online database where such open peer review of papers takes place.(最好还是公布评审人员的姓名，并将评审结果公布于众。盖茨基金会已宣布支持建立一个在线数据库，用于此类公开的同行论文评审工作)”可知，作者认为组织应当采用开放的方式来进行同行评审。故选D。 Passage 3 （2526 高二上・上海曹杨第二中学・期中） Ads are everywhere.They are on our trains,they are on our planes,they are wrapped around our automobiles.They are even on the homeless.Yes,really;homeless people have been used as media space by marketers thinking outside the box;charmingly,it’s called“bumvertising”.Still,despite the constant creep of commercialism,there is one final frontier that has,as yet,remained blissfully ad-free:the graveyard. This isn’t to say that death doesn’t sell.On the contrary,posthumous fame is often the most lucrative.In Mark Twain’s play Is He Dead?,an artist fakes his death to increase the value of his work.As one of the characters explains:“A painter has so much more talent when he’s dead.Indeed,the deader he is,the better he is.”However,death normally doesn’t sell consumer brands.Nobody wants to see ads for hamburgers at a crematorium.Or be reminded that the unstoppable march of time means we are all going to die.Death is not aspirational and exploiting loss for money is inappropriate. Well,perhaps it’s not quite clear to everyone that it is.Last week,McDonald’s got a lot of grief for a TV advert that seemingly exploited bereaved children to flog fish sandwiches.More than 150 people complained to the Advertising Standards Authority about the dead dad ad and it has now been pulled with the usual PR fauxpology.“We respect our customers and their money very much and regret implying that a fried fish fillet could replace a father’s love,etc.” McDonald’s execs can take some solace in the fact that they aren’t the only marketing minds to have inexplicably decided that invoking family tragedy would be a winning strategy.In 2015 nationwide aired an ad featuring a drowned child during the Super Bowl.The camera cuts abruptly away to an ominous overflowing bath before reminding you that nationwide can“make safe happen”.And,hey,if safe doesn’t happen then at least you’ll get some life insurance money.Now,to be clear,I don’t think that the McDonald’s or nationwide ads were made by Machiavellian monsters,cynically mining pain for profit.They were just bad ads created by an industry so high on its own puffery that it truly believes fast food brands have important things to say about bereavement. Nevertheless,there does appear to be a growing trend of brands engaging in griefsplotation.For instance,every time a celebrity dies,there follows a flurry of very bad tweets by companies trying to muscle their brand into the conversation.When Prince died last year,for example,Cheerios tweeted“Rest in peace”on a purple background—with a cheerio replacing the dot above the“i”.Fans were not impressed and Cheerios quickly deleted the tweet.But Homebase didn’t even bother making it look as if they cared about anything other than promoting themselves. Brands aren’t just leveraging celebrity deaths for product placement;national tragedies also make great content opportunities.Who could forget AT&T’s twin towers tweets?In 2013,the telecommunications company posted a tweet on 11 September that showed someone holding a phone up over the Tribute in Light memorial in New York City with the caption“Never Forget”.And,after the Boston Marathon bombing in 2013,the food website Epicurious tweeted:“In honor of Boston...may we suggest:wholegrain cranberry cones!”Shoehorning your brand into a social media conversation about a tragedy may be tasteless but it is a fairly rudimentary form of griefsplotation.Far more insidious is the way in which brands are now using our personal data to target us at the moments when we’re feeling most vulnerable. Facebook has told advertisers it can identify when teenagers are feeling“stressed”,“defeated”,“overwhelmed”,“anxious”and“useless”,for example.It has also explicitly furnished advertisers with advice on how best to exploit—sorry,I mean“help”—people dealing with the grief of a breakup.Facebook’s research explains that heartbreak is the ideal marketing opportunity for those in the travel business:in the month after a newly single Facebook user has announced their breakup,there is an“increase of 25%more travel-related purchases”.Apparently“travel therapy has replaced retail therapy”:55%of people surveyed by Facebook said that travelling after their breakup helped them move on,while only 8%of people said that shoes helped them move on.To be honest,some of these people probably just aren’t buying the right shoes.I mean,if you get boots that are made for walking,then that’s just what they’ll do.Anyway,if you break up with someone and find yourself suddenly bombarded with online ads for Virgin Holidays,this is probably why.Facebook is trying to help you heal.They care.They don’t want grief to consume you,they want you to consume your way out of grief.It’s really very sweet of them.At the very least,it’s better than a slap in the face with a wet filet of fish. 9．In the passage the author quoted Mark Twain’s play Is He Dead?to________. A．remind us that the deader a person is,the better he is remembered B．give us an example that death can be used to promote selling brands C．illustrate that posthumous fame might be used to make more profits D．tell us that an artist could make more money after death 10．The expression“with the usual PR fauxpology”(para.3)is used to________. A．show McDonald’s sincere apology to the public after the incident B．reveal the particular PR posture with the marketing mind behind C．display the marketing minds of ever expanding commercialism D．criticise the practice of using family tragedy to promote brands 11．What is the writer’s attitude towards the issue discussed in the passage? A．Matter-of-fact,indifferent and neutral. B．Critical,cynical and satirical. C．Humorous,joking and explanatory. D．Lamenting and pessimistic. 12．Which of the following is NOT the example of griefsplotation? A．Consumer brands being sold with homeless people as media space. B．Involving in a social media conversation about a tragedy. C．Personal data being used to target people when they feel most vulnerable. D．Using celebrity deaths for product placement. 13．What can be concluded from the passage about Facebook? A．It promotes the use of travel therapy to replace retail therapy. B．It is quite helpful to cure people’s emotional wounds or grief. C．It can help advertisers identify teenager depression. D．It discovers more and more marketing opportunities for advertisers. 【答案】9．C 10．B 11．B 12．A 13．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了“悲痛营销”现象，即品牌借名人离世、国家悲剧及个人脆弱时刻推广产品，作者对此持批判态度。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段“This isn’t to say that death doesn’t sell.On the contrary,posthumous fame is often the most lucrative.In Mark Twain’s play Is He Dead?,an artist fakes his death to increase the value of his work.(这并不是说死亡不能用来赚钱。相反，死后的名声往往是最有利可图的。在马克・吐温的戏剧《他活着，还是死了?》中，一位艺术家为了提高作品价值而伪造死亡)”可知，作者引用该戏剧是为了举例说明死后名声可被用来获取更多利润。故选C项。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段“More than 150 people complained to the Advertising Standards Authority about the dead dad ad and it has now been pulled with the usual PR fauxpology.“We respect our customers and their money very much and regret implying that a fried fish fillet could replace a father’s love,etc.”(超过150人向广告标准局投诉了这则“已故父亲”广告，该广告现已下架，并伴有常见的公关虚假道歉。“我们非常尊重我们的客户和他们的钱，对于暗示一份炸鱼排可以取代父亲的爱等内容感到遗憾。”)”可知，usual PR fauxpology揭示了背后带有营销思维的特定公关姿态，并非真诚道歉。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据第四段“They were just bad ads created by an industry so high on its own puffery that it truly believes fast food brands have important things to say about bereavement.(它们只是一个行业制作的糟糕广告，这个行业过于自负，以至于它真的相信快餐品牌对丧亲之痛有重要的看法)”、第六段“Shoehorning your brand into a social media conversation about a tragedy may be tasteless but it is a fairly rudimentary form of griefsplotation.(将你的品牌强行植入关于悲剧的社交媒体对话中可能很无礼，但这是一种相当初级的悲痛营销形式)”及第七段“It’s really very sweet of them.(他们真是太“贴心”了)”等反讽表述可知，作者态度是批判、愤世嫉俗且带讽刺意味的。故选B项。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Yes,really;homeless people have been used as media space by marketers thinking outside the box;charmingly,it’s called“bumvertising”.(是的，真的；有创意的营销人员将无家可归者用作媒体空间；说得好听点，这被称为“流浪汉广告”)”可知，A项是“流浪汉广告”，并非“悲痛营销”。故选A项。 13．推理判断题。根据第七段“Facebook has told advertisers it can identify when teenagers are feeling“stressed”,“defeated”,“overwhelmed”,“anxious”and“useless”,for example.It has also explicitly furnished advertisers with advice on how best to exploit—sorry,I mean“help”—people dealing with the grief of a breakup.Facebook’s research explains that heartbreak is the ideal marketing opportunity for those in the travel business:in the month after a newly single Facebook user has announced their breakup,there is an“increase of 25%more travel-related purchases”.(例如，脸书告诉广告商，它可以识别青少年何时感到“压力”、“失败”、“不堪重负”、“焦虑”和“无用”。它还明确地向广告商提供了如何最好地利用——对不起，我的意思是“帮助”——那些正在处理分手悲伤的人的建议。脸书的研究解释说，心碎是)”可知，脸书为广告商发现了越来越多的营销机会。故选D项。 Passage 4 （2526 高二上・上海大同中学・期中） Artists often dismiss business people as money-obsessed bores.Or worse,many business people,for their part,assume that artists are a bunch of ambitious wasters.Bosses may stick a few modernist paintings on their boardroom walls.But they seldom take the arts seriously as a source of inspiration. The bias(偏见)starts at business school,where“hard”things such as numbers matter a lot.It is strengthened by everyday experience.Bosses constantly remind their employees that if you can’t count it,it doesn’t count.Few read about art.Sun Tzu’s The Art of War《孙子兵法》does not count.However,some popular business books are pleased with their low quality:consider Wess Roberts’Leadership Secrets of Attila the Hun. But lately there are welcome signs of a changing on the business side of the great cultural gap.Business presses are publishing a series of books such as The Fine Art of Success,by Jamie Anderson. Mr.Anderson points out that many artists have also been superb innovators.Damien Hirst was even more enterprising.He not only realized that overnight millionaire collectors would pay extraordinary sums for dead cows and jewel-decorated skulls(头骨),but also altered the image of the art world by selling his work directly through Sotheby’s,an auction house.Whatever they think of his work,business people cannot help admiring a man who attracted art lovers to pay£75.5 million on the day when Lehman Brothers collapsed. Studying the arts can help business people communicate more eloquently(雄辩地).Most bosses spend a huge amount of time“messaging”,yet few are much good at it.Half an hour with George Orwell’s Why I Write would work wonders. Studying the arts can also help companies learn how to manage bright people.Rob Goffee of the London Business School points out that today’s most productive companies are dominated by what they call“clevers”who are the headaches to manage.They hate being told what to do by managers whom they regard as foolish.They refuse to give in to performance reviews.In short,they are prima donnas. Studying the art world might even hold out the biggest prize of helping business become more innovative.Companies are searching the world for new ideas.In their hunt for creativity,they surely have something to learn from the creative industries.Look at how modern artists adapted to the arrival of photography,a technology that could have made them unneeded,or how J.K.Rowling kept trying even when publishers rejected her novel. 14．Which book might be considered by the author as having the least value? A．The Art of War B．Leadership Secret s of Attila the Hun C．The Fine Art of success D．Why I Write 15．According to the passage,which of the following is NOT cited as a direct benefit for business people who study the arts? A．Improved ability to attract and manage highly intelligent,creative employees. B．Enhanced communication skills and more effective messaging. C．A proven methodology for increasing quarterly shareholder profits. D．A potential pathway to greater innovation and creative problem-solving. 16．Which of the following can be inferred from the article? A．In business schools,students are taught to overlook things that can be counted. B．The best way for bosses to manage clever employees is to show them art works. C．By reading George Orwell’s Why I Write,bosses can type messages more quickly. D．Damien Hirst had a business mind and sold his art works at an incredibly high price. 17．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Artists’Bias against Business B．The Integration of Business and Art C．The Effect of Innovation on Companies D．A Booming Art Market 【答案】14．B 15．C 16．D 17．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨商界与艺术界的隔阂，提出学习艺术能为商界人士带来沟通、管理、创新等多方面益处。 【详解】14．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However,some popular business books are pleased with their low quality:consider Wess Roberts’Leadership Secrets of Attila the Hun.(然而，一些流行的商业书籍却满足于自身的劣质，比如韦斯·罗伯茨的《匈奴王阿提拉的领导秘诀》。)”可知，作者认为《匈奴王阿提拉的领导秘诀》这本商业书籍价值最低。故选B项。 15．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Studying the arts can help business people communicate more eloquently.(学习艺术可以帮助商界人士更富有说服力地沟通。)”、第六段中的“Studying the arts can also help companies learn how to manage bright people.(学习艺术还可以帮助企业学会如何管理优秀人才。)”、第七段中的“Studying the art world might even hold out the biggest prize of helping business become more innovative.(研究艺术界甚至可能带来最大的收获，即帮助企业变得更具创新性。)”可知，学习艺术能提升沟通能力、助力管理优秀人才、推动商业创新，并未提及能提高季度股东利润的成熟方法。故选C项。 16．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“He not only realized that overnight millionaire collectors would pay extraordinary sums for dead cows and jewel-decorated skulls(头骨),but also altered the image of the art world by selling his work directly through Sotheby’s,an auction house.Whatever they think of his work,business people cannot help admiring a man who attracted art lovers to pay£75.5 million on the day when Lehman Brothers collapsed.(他不仅意识到那些一夜暴富的收藏家会为动物尸骨标本和珠宝装饰的头骨支付天价，还通过直接委托拍卖行苏富比销售自己的作品，改变了艺术界的固有印象。无论商界人士对他的作品持何种看法，他们都不禁折服于这样一个人——在雷曼兄弟破产的当天，他仍能吸引艺术爱好者豪掷7550万英镑购买其作品。)”可知，达明·赫斯特极具商业头脑，其作品卖出了极高的价格。故选D项。 17．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开篇指出商界与艺术界的偏见，随后论述学习艺术对商界的诸多好处，核心是围绕商业与艺术的融合展开。因此“商业与艺术的融合”适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 5 （2526 高二上・上海复旦附中・期中） The term“voluntourism”often evokes images of earnest Western youths building schools in sun-drenched,impoverished villages.I was once one of them,my motivation an ambiguous blend of altruism and a thirst for an“authentic”experience that transcended the typical tourist itinerary.My destination was a small coastal community in Southeast Asia,where I had paid a substantial fee to assist in a sea turtle conservation project for four weeks. Upon arrival,a creeping disillusionment began to set in.The project was less about hands-on conservation and more a well-orchestrated simulation for volunteers.Our days consisted of being handed rakes at dawn to meticulously level the beach,a task we were told was crucial for identifying new turtle tracks.Yet,we often saw the same tracks we had carefully smoothed over the day before,untouched.Our tasks were monotonous and of questionable utility:raking the same patch of sand repeatedly to make it appear perfectly tidy for the nesting turtles—a practice the local staff admitted was largely performative.Once,the excitement was palpable when a nest was identified;we gathered around,hoping to carefully relocate the eggs to the safer,shaded hatchery.But we were only permitted to watch from a distance.The delicate work of monitoring nests and handling hatchlings was reserved solely for the full-time,local biologists.We were mere bystanders,our presence justified more by our financial contribution than any tangible labor. The most profound unease,however,stemmed from a conversation with a soft-spoken local biologist,Mr.Tan.Over sweetened tea,he confessed,with a tone of diplomatic resignation,that the constant rotation of unskilled volunteers was often more disruptive than beneficial.“The funds are vital,”he acknowledged,“I once spent a whole morning supervising a group who were‘building a protective fence.’It collapsed in the first high tide.My team and I had to rebuild it properly that night.The expectation is that we must always have‘work’for you to do,even if we have to invent it.It sometimes distracts from our real research.”His words laid bare the uncomfortable economics of our endeavor:we were not saviors but paying customers,purchasing the illusion of purpose and a portfolio of photographs that screamed benevolent worldliness.This transactional nature of the relationship made me question the very foundation of my presence there,reducing a complex ecological and social context to a backdrop for my own moral and existential theater. I left with no illusions of having“saved the turtles.”Instead,I carried the weight of a complicated lesson:that the desire to do good is not synonymous with actually doing good,and that the most ethical form of aid might sometimes be the simplest—financial support,channeled directly to those who know best how to use it,unburdened by the need to host and entertain a rotating cast of well-meaning amateurs.The romanticized narrative of the Western savior,I realized,is a difficult one to dismantle,as it is so deeply embedded in our collective consciousness and so flattering to our own self-perception. 18．The author’s original intention in joining the program was rooted in________. A．an urge to escape routine and pursue adventure B．a mix of selfless impulse and a quest for novelty C．external financial incentives and social obligation D．a blend of professional ambition and academic curiosity 19．What does the underlined phrase“a well-orchestrated simulation”（para.2）imply about the volunteer project? A．It was artificially constructed for the benefit of the volunteers. B．It was structured to be both highly educational and rich in skills. C．It was a commercial enterprise exploiting volunteers financially. D．It was carefully planned to provide a safe and rewarding experience. 20．According to Mr.Tan,what was the main downside of the constant flow of volunteers? A．It gradually drained the project’s limited financial reserves. B．It generated cultural misunderstandings with the local community. C．It consumed time and manpower to create and supervise unnecessary tasks. D．It introduced persistent communication challenges that hindered real research. 21．The author’s ultimate realization can be summarized as an understanding that________. A．personal growth is an unintended yet valuable byproduct of failed endeavors B．critiquing the flaws of international aid is a necessary step towards its reform C．effective help must prioritize local expertise and minimize disruptive interference D．well-intentioned human intervention may accidentally accelerate ecological decline 【答案】18．B 19．A 20．C 21．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者参与“公益旅游”的经历，揭露其形式化本质，并领悟到有效的援助必须优先考量本地专业能力，并最大限度减少具有破坏性的干扰。 【详解】18．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I was once one of them,my motivation an ambiguous blend of altruism and a thirst for an“authentic”experience that transcended the typical tourist itinerary.(我曾也是其中一员，动机模糊地交织着利他之心与对“真实”体验的渴求——这种体验，早已超越了常规旅游行程的范畴。)”可知，作者参与该项目的初衷是无私的冲动（利他主义）与对新奇体验（超越常规的真实经历）的追求。故选B项。 19．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Our tasks were monotonous and of questionable utility:raking the same patch of sand repeatedly to make it appear perfectly tidy for the nesting turtles—a practice the local staff admitted was largely performative.(我们的任务单调且效用存疑：反复耙同一片沙滩，使其看起来对筑巢的海龟完美整洁——当地工作人员承认，这种做法在很大程度上是象征性的。)”及“We were mere bystanders,our presence justified more by our financial contribution than any tangible labor.(我们只是旁观者，我们的存在更多是因为经济贡献而非实际劳动。)”可知，“a well-orchestrated simulation”（一场精心策划的“模拟体验”）表明该项目的任务多为形式化、无实际保育作用的安排，本质是为满足志愿者“参与公益”的心理而人为设计的。故选A项。 20．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the constant rotation of unskilled volunteers was often more disruptive than beneficial.“The funds are vital,”he acknowledged,“I once spent a whole morning supervising a group who were‘building a protective fence.’It collapsed in the first high tide.My team and I had to rebuild it properly that night.The expectation is that we must always have‘work’for you to do,even if we have to invent it.It sometimes distract s from our real research.”(没有专业技能的志愿者频繁轮换，往往弊大于利。“资金固然至关重要，”他坦言，“但有一次，我花了整整一个上午监督一群‘建造防护栏’的志愿者。结果那护栏在第一次涨潮时就塌了，我和团队当晚不得不重新进行妥善修建。大家默认我们必须一直为你们安排“工作”，哪怕这些工作是凭空编造的。这有时会分散我们真正的研究精力。”)”可知，Mr.Tan认为志愿者的主要弊端是：需要花费时间和人力设计并监督不必要的任务，且干扰了真正的研究工作。故选C项。 21．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Instead,I carried the weight of a complicated lesson:that the desire to do good is not synonymous with actually doing good,and that the most ethical form of aid might sometimes be the simplest—financial support,channeled directly to those who know best how to use it,unburdened by the need to host and entertain a rotating cast of well-meaning amateurs.(相反，我背负着一个深刻而复杂的教训：心怀善念并不等同于真正行善，而最符合伦理的援助形式有时或许最为简单——那便是直接将资金支持提供给最懂如何运用它的人，无需承担招待一批又一批善意业余爱好者的负担)”可知，作者最终意识到：有效的援助必须优先考量本地专业能力，并最大限度减少具有破坏性的干扰。故选C项。 话题2个人经历（共4篇） Passage 1 （2526 高二上・上海崇明中学・期中） My phone vibrates awake,disturbing my baby,who has just fallen asleep after an hour of my shushing.It’s a WhatsApp message from a mum friend.Another buzz,then another.Everyone is up,sleepless,and typing. My own baby cries as I turn over in bed to calm him down,flicking open my messages to catch up on the gossip as I do so.One mum is asking about the right medication dosage for a teething nine-month-old,while another wants to know what time we’re meeting tomorrow.Someone else has just forwarded an Instagram post about motherhood and the power of women.But I don’t feel powerful and,right now,I really can’t do this.It’s 3:07 a.m.I’m tired,overwhelmed and,thanks to the glaring blue light of my phone,wide awake. It’s in this moment that I make my change,swiping my finger down from the top right-hand corner of my phone to bring up its control centre;thumbing,wildly,at the little crescent(月牙形的)moon icon that stops notifications in their tracks,and hanging up my virtual door sign:Do Not Disturb. That was three years ago,and I’ve only flipped the door sign back around on a few occasions:when waiting for callbacks from doctors,for example,or if I’ve pre-arranged a phone call with a contact.Instead,in the main,my notifications remain firmly,resolutely,off.I do not want to be disturbed;nor,actually,do I want my phone to demand as much of my attention as my now toddler or his new baby brother do. I’ve still had to work on my self-discipline,so that I don’t spend all my time checking my phone to see what I’ve missed.This is,arguably,the hardest part—the temptation of a potential unread message can be profound—but I remain convinced the net gain to my wellbeing,my sleep and my parenting is positive.My phone is still a big part of my life but it doesn’t intrude on my living as much as it once did. I think—I hope—my change has made me a better,more present mother.There are,after all,few things that seek quite as much attention as toddlers and WhatsApp groups.If I had to choose,I’d rather give that attention to the three-year-old than a phone that rings with alerts that seem urgent but,really,are anything but. 1．How did the author feel when deciding to make a change three years ago? A．Frustrated by the constant notifications. B．Eager to change her phone immediately. C．Confident that the change would improve her parenting. D．Indifferent and not particularly affected by the situation. 2．By saying“I’ve only flipped the door sign back around on a few occasions”(para.4),the author means________. A．she avoids checking her phone altogether B．she frequently switches her phone notifications back on C．she seldom keeps her door open for fear of being disturbed D．she only allows notifications when it’s absolutely necessary 3．What can you infer from the passage? A．The author sacrificed immediate connection for better phone habits. B．The author believes avoiding phone notifications is essential for earning more money. C．The author finds phone notifications helpful and plans to turn them back on. D．The author regretted limiting her notifications and missed important messages. 4．Which section or column is this passage most likely to be taken from? A．Health and wellness strategies. B．Parenting advice and tips. C．Personal experiences with technology. D．Opinions on social media habits. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了母亲关闭手机通知，改善育儿与生活状态的经历。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“My own baby cries as I turn over in bed to calm him down,flicking open my messages to catch up on the gossip as I do so.(当我翻过身躺在床上安抚哭闹的宝宝时，他哭得更厉害了，与此同时，我顺手打开了手机消息，想看看大家都在聊些什么八卦)”以及“I’m tired,overwhelmed and,thanks to the glaring blue light of my phone,wide awake.(我累了，不堪重负，而且，由于手机发出的刺眼蓝光，我完全清醒了)”以及第三段中“I do not want to be disturbed;nor,actually,do I want my phone to demand as much of my attention as my now toddler or his new baby brother do.(我不想被打扰；实际上，我也不希望我的手机像我现在蹒跚学步的孩子或他刚出生的弟弟那样吸引我的注意力)”可知，作者因为手机不断弹出的通知而感到困扰，所以决定做出改变。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线句下文“when waiting for callbacks from doctors,for example,or if I’ve pre-arranged a phone call with a contact.(比如，在等待医生的回电时，或者如果我事先和联系人安排了电话)”可知，作者只有在有医生回电、提前约好电话等绝对必要的情况下，才会关闭勿扰模式恢复通知。由此可知，作者这句话的意思是只有在绝对必要的时候才会允许手机通知。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“I’ve still had to work on my self-discipline,so that I don’t spend all my time checking my phone to see what I’ve missed.This is,arguably,the hardest part—the temptation of a potential unread message can be profound—but I remain convinced the net gain to my wellbeing,my sleep and my parenting is positive.(我仍然需要锻炼自己的自律能力，这样我就不会把所有时间都花在查看手机上，看看我错过了什么。可以说，这是最难的部分——潜在未读消息的诱惑可能很大——但我仍然相信，这对我的健康、睡眠和育儿能力带来的净收益是积极的)”以及最后一段中“If I had to choose,I’d rather give that attention to the three-year-old than a phone that rings with alerts that seem urgent but,really,are anything but.(如果我不得不选择，我宁愿把注意力放在这个三岁的孩子身上，而不是放在一个响着看似紧急但实际上根本不紧急的警报声的手机上)”可推知，作者为了养成良好的手机使用习惯，牺牲了即时的联系。故选A。 4．推理判断题。文章主要讲述了作者因为手机不断弹出的通知而感到困扰，最终决定关闭手机通知，并分享了这一改变带来的积极影响。文章内容主要围绕作者个人对手机技术的使用经历展开。由此推知，本文最有可能出自“个人对技术的使用经历”这一栏目。故选C。 Passage 2 （2526 高二上・上海闵行中学・期中） The train was speeding onward and the plains of Texas were pouring eastward. A newly married pair had boarded this coach at San Antonio.The man’s face was reddened from many days in the wind and sun,and a direct result of his new black clothes was that from time to time he looked down respectfully at his clothes.He sat with a hand on each knee,like a man waiting in a barber’s shop.The glace she devoted to other passengers were shy.The bride was not pretty.She wore a dress of blue cashmere.She continually twisted her head to regard her puff sleeves.They embarrassed her.The blushes（脸红）caused by the careless glances of some passengers as she had entered the car were strange to see. They were evidently very happy.“Ever been in a parlor-car（特等火车）before?”he asked,smiling with delight. “No,”she answered;“I never was.It’s fine，ain’t it?” “Great!And then after a while we’ll go forward to the dinner.Fresh meal in the world.Charge a dollar.” “Oh,do they?”cried the bride.“Charge a dollar?Why，that’s too much—for us—ain’t it,Jack?” Later he explained to her about the trains.“You see,if s a thousand miles from one end of Texas to the other;and this runs right across it,and never stops but four times.”He had the pride of an owner.He pointed out to her the dazzling fittings of the coach;and in truth her eyes opened wider and she watched the sea-green velvet（丝绒人）,the shining bronze，silver,and glass,the wood that glowed as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil.At one end a bronze statue held a support for a separated room,and on the ceiling were frescos（壁画）in olive and silver. To the minds of the pair,their surroundings reflected the glory of their marriage that morning in San Antonio:this was the environment of their new estate;and the man’s face in particular shone with an elation（得意）that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter.This porter at times surveyed them with an amused and superior grin.On other occasions he bullied them with skill in ways that did not make it easy to them that they were being bullied.He oppressed them.But of this oppression they had small knowledge,and infrequently,a number of travelers covered them with stares of derisive（嘲讽的）enjoyment. At last they went to the dining-car.Two rows of Negro waiters,in glowing white suits,surveyed their entrance with the interest.The pair fell to the seats of a waiter who happened to feel pleasure in steering them through their meal.He viewed them with the manner of a fatherly guide,his face radiant with kindness.The service,coupled with the ordinary deference（毕恭毕敬），was rare to them.And yet,as they returned to their coach,they showed in their faces a sense of escape. 5．The description of the couple's clothes and behaviour seems to indicate that they had a sense of____. A．superiority B．awkwardness C．despair D．satisfaction 6．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The interior of the coach was luxurious and modem. B．The Negro porter was very helpful to the couple. C．It was the first time for the couple to take a train in Texas. D．Some passengers on the train took the couple as an object of fun. 7．What does the underlined word“surveyed”mean in the 8th paragraph? A．monitored B．observed C．searched D．investigated 8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The waiter was indifferent to the couple. B．The couple felt uneasy at dinner. C．The service was satisfactory. D．The couple enjoyed the dinner. 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．B 8．B 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一对新婚夫妇在圣安东尼奥乘车前往得克萨斯州的过程中受到嘲笑的故事。 【详解】5．推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句“They embarrassed her.”可知，这对夫妇当时感到很尴尬，由此可知，对这对夫妇衣着和行为的描写表明他们有一种尴尬的感觉，故答案为C。 6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“a number of travelers covered them with stares of derisive（嘲讽的）enjoyment.”可知，一些乘客把这对夫妇当作嘲讽的对象，故答案为D。 7．词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“the man’s face in particular shone with an elation（得意）that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter.”可知，尤其是那人的脸上洋溢着喜悦的神情，使他在黑人看门人看来显得滑稽可笑，这说明他引起了看门人的注意，自然要仔细打量他们，由此可知画线词词义为“观察、打量”，故答案为B。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“they showed in their faces a sense of escape.”可知，这对夫妇有种想逃的感觉，由此可知他们感到很不舒服，故答案为B。 【点睛】词义猜测题的难度较大，抓住画线词上下文对人物动作、表情及心理活动的描写是关键，例如本篇第3题，根据画线词前的“the man’s face in particular shone with an elation（得意）that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter.”可知，尤其是那人的脸上洋溢着喜悦的神情，使他在黑人看门人看来显得滑稽可笑，这说明他的表情引起了看门人的注意，所以看门人自然要仔细打量他们，由此可知画线词词义为“观察、打量”。 Passage 3 （2526 高二上・上海曹杨第二中学・期中） Brutus speaks at a pulpit. Be patient till the last. Romans,countrymen and lovers,hear me for my cause,and be silent that you may hear.Believe me for mine honour,and have respect to mine honour that you may believe.Censure(谴责)me in your wisdom,and awake your senses that you may the better judge.If there be any in this assembly,any dear friend of Caesar’s,to him I say that Brutus’s love to Caesar was no less than his.If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar,this is my answer:Not that I loved Caesar less,but that I loved Rome more.Had you rather Caesar were living,and die all slaves,than that Caesar were dead,to live all freemen?As Caesar loved me,I weep for him.As he was fortunate,I rejoiced at it.As he was valiant(英勇坚决的),I honour him.But,as he was ambitious,I slew(杀戮)him. There are tears for his love,joy for his fortune,honour for his valour,and death for his ambition.Who is here so base that would be a bondman(奴隶)?If any,speak,for him have I offended.Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman?If any,speak,for him have I offended.Who is here so vile that will not love his country?If any,speak,for him have I offended.I pause for a reply. Antony mounts the pulpit. Friends,Romans,countrymen,give me your attention.I have come here to bury Caesar,not to praise him.The evil that men do is remembered after their deaths,but the good is often buried with them.It might as well be the same with Caesar.The noble Brutus told you that Caesar was ambitious.If that’s true,it’s a serious fault,and Caesar has paid seriously for it.With the permission of Brutus and the others—for Brutus is an honourable man;they are all honourable men—I have come here to speak at Caesar’s funeral.He was my friend;he was faithful and just to me.But Brutus says he was ambitious,and Brutus is an honourable man.He brought many captives home to Rome,whose ransoms brought wealth to the city. Is this the work of an ambitious man?When the poor cried,Caesar cried too.Ambition shouldn’t be so soft.Yet Brutus says he was ambitious,and Brutus is an honourable man.You all saw that on the Lupercal feast day,I offered him a king’s crown three times,and he refused it three times.Was this ambition?Yet Brutus says he was ambitious.And,no question,Brutus is an honourable man.I am not here to disprove what Brutus has said,but to say what I know.You all loved him once,and not without reason.Then what reason holds you back from mourning him now?Men have become British beasts and lost their reason!Bear with me.My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar,and I must pause until it returns to me.(He weeps.) Only yesterday the word of Caesar might have stood against the world.Now he lies there worth nothing,and no one is so humble as to show him respect.Oh,sirs,if I stirred your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage,I would offend Brutus and Cassius,who,you all know,are honourable men.I will not do them wrong.I would rather wrong the dead,and wrong myself and you,than wrong such honourable men. 9．How does Brutus feel about the death of Caesar? A．He deeply regrets his actions. B．He feels glad now that Caesar is dead. C．He feels it is justified as Caesar is ambitious. D．He feels it is justified as Caesar doesn’t like him. 10．What is correct about Brutus’s love for Caesar? A．He loves Caesar more than Rome. B．He loves Rome more than he does Caesar. C．He doesn’t love Caesar at all,but hates him. D．It is not strong enough to make him cry over Caesar’s death. 11．Which statement about Antony’s speech is false? A．Antony disagrees with Brutus. B．Antony is glad that Caesar is dead. C．Antony refuses to let Caesar be ambitious. D．Antony does not think that Caesar was a tyrant. 12．How does Antony primarily achieve his persuasive effect in his speech? A．By listing Caesar’s accomplishments and repeatedly questioning Brutus’s“honour.” B．By openly accusing Brutus of treason. C．By urging the crowd to immediate violence. D．By comparing Caesar to historical heroes. 【答案】9．C 10．B 11．B 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是在凯撒遇刺身亡后，布鲁图斯和安东尼先后在葬礼上发表演讲，通过各自不同的言辞来争取民众支持、塑造自身立场的过程。 【详解】9．细节理解题。根据第二段“But,as he was ambitious,I slew him.(但是，因为他野心勃勃，我杀了他。)”可知，布鲁图斯认为凯撒之死是正当的，因为凯撒野心勃勃。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar,this is my answer:Not that I loved Caesar less,but that I loved Rome more.(倘若那位挚友问起我为何要反对凯撒，我的答复便是：并非我爱凯撒之情有所削减，而是我对罗马的爱更为深沉。)”可知，布鲁图斯爱罗马胜过爱凯撒。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar,and I must pause until it returns to me.(He weeps.)(我的心与凯撒一同长眠在那棺木之中，此刻我必须稍作停顿，待它重回我身。（他潸然泪下。）)”可知，凯撒死了，安东尼并不高兴，因此B选项错误。故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“He brought many captives home to Rome whose ransoms brought wealth to the city.(他带了许多俘虏回罗马，这些俘虏的赎金为这座城市带来了财富。)”，“With the permission of Brutus and the others—for Brutus is an honourable man;they are all honourable men—I have come here to speak at Caesar’s funeral.(经布鲁图斯及其他人应允——毕竟布鲁图斯是位德高望重之人，他们皆是德高望重之人——我特来此，在凯撒的葬礼上讲几句话。)”和倒数第二段“You all saw that on the Lupercal feast day I offered him a king’s crown three times,and he refused it three times.Was this ambition?Yet Brutus says he was ambitious.(你们大家都亲眼所见，在牧神节那天，我三次将王冠献给他，而他三次都拒绝了。这能算是有野心吗？然而布鲁图斯却说他有野心。)”可知，Antony通过列举凯撒的功绩，反复质疑布鲁图斯的“荣誉感”。故选A。 Passage 4 （2526 高二上・上海大同中学・期中） On our 20th anniversary,Susan and I headed off for a few days to a lovely valley about an hour away.We didn’t know much about the town,but that was fine.Our goal was really just to renew our faith in each other. We began by stocking up at the quirky Village Market in Glen Ellen,California.Within minutes,friendly locals spotted us and started chatting in the aisles with charming tips.You gotta hike to Jack London’s house.Oh,dinner at the Fig Café.Hours later,having followed their yellow brick road all day,we walked,delirious,back from dinner to our creekside inn.“I think I could live here,”Susan said. It turns out that Glen Ellen’s contagious spirit was not our passing illusion.In October 2017,the Nuns Fire bore down on this town near Santa Rosa.An astounding 183 of Glen Ellen’s 750 or so homes burned down.Among them was Jill Dawson’s place,just across the creek from the inn to which we had returned the next anniversary,and four more in turn.I called Jill after reading her family’s story.She sounded just like the spirited,generous type Susan and I have loved meeting in Glen Ellen. After the fire,she told me,her family’s prospects for staying in the town looked bleak.But residents mobilized on Facebook and in the Village Market to brainstorm how to house one another. Hearing of their plight,some neighbors who barely knew the Dawsons placed two new trailers next to their house,which hadn’t burned,for Jill’s family. “Their name is the Fosters,and I tell them,‘You just can’t help it,’”Jill says,laughing at her own pun.Jill and her husband,Art,have lived in one of the trailers for a year while sorting through how to rebuild.They are only two of the many residents who were able to remain close thanks to their neighbors’selflessness.“I’m grateful for little Glen Ellen,”Jill says.“The amount of passionate people and grassroots efforts working to keep this place supportive is amazing.The kindness thing,it’s still huge here.” In kicking off our annual Nicest Place in America search,let Glen Ellen be just one example.So many cities,workplaces,churches,schools,and other locations thrive because,well,“the kindness thing,it’s still huge.”Please take the time to go to RD．COM/NICEST to tell us about one you love.Thank you! 13．What did the author think of Glen Ellen during his several trips there? A．He found Glen Ellen to be a dynamic town with rapid development. B．He had mixed feelings about Glen Ellen,both positive and negative. C．He thought Glen Ellen was a place which deepened faith in her wife. D．He developed a positive impression of its welcoming community spirit. 14．How did the Glen Ellen community respond to the Nuns Fire in October 2017? A．They relied solely on government aid for recovery efforts. B．They spontaneously formed a neighborhood watch program. C．They held a series of fundraisers to help the affected families. D．They largely depended on assistance from distant communities. 15．Which of the following is the right understanding of““Their name is the Fosters,and I tell them,‘You just can’t help it,’”Jill says,laughing at her own pun.”? A．Jim is making a lighthearted comment about the Fosters’inborn generosity. B．Jill is implying that Fosters lack competence to give a helping hand to others. C．Jill is hinting that the Fosters might not always display the same level of kindness. D．Jill is expressing his sincere gratitude for Fosters’constant and generous assistance. 16．What is the writing purpose of the passage? A．To highlight Glen Ellen’s tradition of community support and kindness. B．To demonstrate the author’s personal perspectives in community building. C．To present how people in Glen Ellen overcame difficulties with joint efforts. D．To encourage readers to reflect on and share their own experiences of kindness. 【答案】13．D 14．C 15．A 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和他的妻子在他们结婚20周年之际，为了重拾对彼此的信心，去一个不知名小镇的故事，并通过描写了Jill一家的遭遇，旨在突出小镇居民的善良和淳朴。 【详解】13．细节理解题。根据第三段“It turns out that Glen Ellen’s contagious spirit was not our passing illusion.In October 2017,the Nuns Fire bore down on this town near Santa Rosa.An astounding 183 of Glen Ellen’s 750 or so homes burned down.Among them was Jill Dawson’s place,just across the creek from the inn to which we had returned the next anniversary,and four more in turn.I called Jill after reading her family’s story.She sounded just like the spirited,generous type Susan and I have loved meeting in Glen Ellen.(事实证明，Glen Ellen的传染性精神并不是我们转瞬即逝的幻觉。2017年10月，修女大火席卷了圣罗莎附近的这个小镇。令人震惊的是，Glen Ellen大约750所房屋中有183所被烧毁。其中就有Jill Dawson的住处，就在我们下一个周年纪念回到的小旅馆的小溪对面，之后又去了四个周年纪念。读完Jill家人的故事后，我给她打了电话。她听起来就像苏珊和我喜欢在Glen Ellen遇到的那种精神饱满、慷慨大方的人。)”可知，作者几次旅行中对Glen Ellen热情好客的社区精神产生了积极的印象，故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段“After the fire,she told me,her family’s prospects for staying in the town looked bleak.But residents mobilized on Facebook and in the Village Market to brainstorm how to house one another.(她告诉我，火灾发生后，她的家人留在镇上的前景看起来很渺茫。但居民们在Facebook和乡村市场上动员起来，集思广益，讨论如何为彼此提供住房。)”和第五段“Hearing of their plight,some neighbors who barely knew the Dawsons placed two new trailers next to their house,which hadn’t burned,for Jill’s family.(一些几乎不认识Dawsons一家的邻居听说了他们的困境，就在他们没有烧毁的房子旁边为Jill一家安置了两辆新拖车。)”可知，Glen Ellen社区在火灾后举行了一系列的筹款活动来帮助受灾家庭。故选C。 15．推理判断题。根据第五段“Hearing of their plight,some neighbors who barely knew the Dawsons placed two new trailers next to their house,which hadn’t burned,for Jill’s family.(一些几乎不认识Dawsons一家的邻居听说了他们的困境，就在他们没有烧毁的房子旁边为Jill一家安置了两辆新拖车。)”以及本句““Their name is the Fosters,and I tell them,‘You just can’t help it,’”Jill says,laughing at her own pun.(“他们的名字是福斯特一家，我告诉他们，‘你们就是忍不住，’”Jill说，对自己的双关语感到好笑。)”可知，Jill说这句话的意思是他的邻居忍不住想要帮助他们，也就是Jill认为福斯特夫妇天生的慷慨大方。故选A。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In kicking off our annual Nicest Place in America search,let Glen Ellen be just one example.So many cities,workplaces,churches,schools,and other locations thrive because,well,“the kindness thing,it’s still huge.”Please take the time to go to RD.COM/NICEST to tell us about one you love.Thank you!(在我们一年一度的“美国最佳地点”评选开始之际，Glen Ellen只是其中一个例子。那么多城市、工作场所、教堂、学校和其他地方的繁荣，是因为，嗯，“善良的东西，它仍然很大。”请花时间登录RD.COM/NICEST告诉我们你爱的人。谢谢你！)”可知，本文作者呼吁人们分享身边有爱的经历，故选D。 话题3 旅游观光（共4篇） Passage 1 （2526 高二上・上海控江中学・期中） Gray Line Discover Brisbane and surrounds with Gray Line Brisbane.Their wide range of tours in air-conditioned coaches,combined with the guide’s expert knowledge,ensures a day to remember. Brisbane City Morning Tour(tour B481)Departs:daily 9:00 am. Returns:11:45 am. Adult Concession Child $69 $67 $45 Discover this vibrant city with its charming architecture,colonial history and enjoy the sweeping views of the city and Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs. ·Cathedral Square·Parliament House·Windmill·Anzac Square·City Hall·Chinatown ·Captain Cook and Story Bridge Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary(tour B492)Departs:daily 1:15pm. Returns:5:00 pm. Adult Concession Child $76 $74 $54 Tour the highlights of Brisbane and travel to Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary situated on the banks of the Brisbane River for a chance to get up close and personal with the animals. ·Queen Street Mall·Southbank·Anzac Square·Suncorp Stadium·Brewery·Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary and presentation·Mt Cootha Lookout Sunshine Coast and Noosa(tour B464)Departs:Monday,Wednesday,Friday and Sunday 8:45am Returns:5:30 pm. Adult Concession Child $111 $106 $72 The Sunshine Coast is renowned for its magnificent seaside,sophisticated lifestyle,dining experience and shopping.Also includes a visit to Underwater World and a drive through Eumundi,famous for its historic buildings and scenic beauty. Noosa Heads·Mooloolaba·Underwater World·Ettamogah Pub Sunshine Coast and Montville(tour B410)Departs:Tuesday,Thursday and Saturday 8:45am. Returns:5:30 pm. Adult Concession Child $107 $102 $67 This tour takes you through the rich heritage of the spectacular Sunshine Coast hinterland with visits to Montville famous for its craft shops and restaurants,and Mooloolaba. home to Underwater world·Ginger Factory·Superbee·Montville Village·Mooloolaba Price includes fully air-conditioned touring,entry fees and CBD hotel pickup.Child policy:under 4 years－free of charge,4-14 years－as quoted above.Exclusion date 25/12/16(for other dates please check with your consultant). 1．If you wish to complete two tours in one day,you would probably choose_________. A．Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary Tour B．Brisbane City Morning Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary Tour C．Brisbane City Morning Tour and Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour D．Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour and Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Visitors may learn the colonial history of Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs. B．Visitors may have a close look at animals in Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour. C．If you want to visit Underwater World,you may choose Brisbane City Morning Tour. D．If 2 adults and 2 children,aged 3 and 9,attend tour B410,they should pay$281. 3．What is the tone of this tour guide information booklet? A．Welcoming and humorous. B．Warm and inviting. C．Modest and initiative. D．Casual and compulsory. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是应用文，属于广告类阅读。主要向我们介绍了几个旅游景点，详细地说明了每个地方的美景、出发日期和售价。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“Brisbane City Morning Tour(tour B481)Departs:daily 9:00am．Returns:11:45am”及“Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary(tour B492)Departs:daily 1:15pm.Returns:5:00pm”可知，如果想一天完成两个旅行应选Brisbane City Morning Tour和Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary Tour。故选B。 2．细节理解题。表格最后一部分中“Child policy:under 4 years—free of charge(儿童政策：4岁以下——免费)”可知四岁以下孩子免费，由D选项中的“tour B410”可定位到Sunshine Coast aand Montville(tour B410)下“Adult$107 Child$67(成人$107，孩童$67)”可知，因此所需费用为107*2+67=281，所以D正确。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文中“air-conditioned coaches,combined with the guide’s expert knowledge(空调车厢，结合导游的专业知识)”、“charming(迷人的)”、“magnificent(壮丽的)”、“spectacular(壮丽的)”等词可知，这个旅游信息手册的内容是温暖的，吸引人的。故选B。 Passage 2 （2526 高二上・上海闵行中学・期中） Wonders of Australia 22 days from only£6.245 per person Day 1:Depart UK Days 2-5:Singapore Enjoy a city tour including Merlion Park,Marina Bay,and fabulous gardens.As an alternative,you may choose to stop in Dubai at no extra cost. Days 6-11:Melbourne Visit Victoria Markets and Federation Square.Perhaps take an optional excursion to explore Fairy Penguin Parade. Day 12-14:The Ghan Experience one of the world’s most impressive rail journeys.Covering 1,555 kilometres,we see the everchanging landscape as we journey north.Enjoy all inclusive Gold Service with on board meals included as are a wide selection of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks. Day 15-17:Uluru(Ayers Rock)We enjoy a refreshing glass of sparkling wine and witness the changing colours as the sun sets.There is a chance to explore the rock in the morning,before visiting the impressive Olgas. Days 18-21:Cairns&The Great Barrier Reef Dive in the sheltered coral lake and view the reef from underwater observatory.Lunch is included.Optional tours on our Freedom Days in Cairns include a scenic railway journey to Kuranda,and a day trip to the nearby World Heritage listed Daintree Rainforest. Day 22:Arrive UK We arrive at your chosen airport,bringing an end to our incredible adventure. Departure Dates Stopover Offer Price Per Person Availability 28 Jul 2024 - £5,895 7 Rooms 06 Oct 2024 £29pp £6,495 New Date 10 Nov 2024 £29pp £6,495 New Date 23 Feb 2025 £29pp £6,495 New Date 08 Mar 2025 £29pp £6,495 New Date 05 Apr 2025 £29pp £6,245 New Date 26 Jul 2025 £29pp £6,795 New Date Book by 30th April 2024 and enjoy a twin room for a two-night stopover from only£29 per person(£48 for single occupancy).Stopover choices are Singapore,Bangkok,Dubai,or Bali and include return transfers and four-star accommodation with breakfast. For more details and full booking conditions,please request a brochure or visit www.distantjourneys.co.uk. Call FREE for a brochure 0800 141 3719. 4．If Karen is addicted to railway journeys,________are most likely to be her favourites. A．Cairns and the Ghan B．Uluru and Melbourne C．Melbourne and the Ghan D．Cairns and the Great Barrier Reef 5．If you have decided to join the tour,which of the following statements is true? A．You may be charged an extra£349 in total for daily breakfasts. B．You will enjoy a day trip to Daintree Rainforest,a world heritage. C．You may choose to stop in both Singapore and Dubai at no extra cost. D．You will be offered a meal with drinks when heading north by train in the Ghan. 6．If Jonathan and his two male friends,who have booked the travel,will depart UK on April 5th,2025,with a two-night stopover in Bangkok,then at least how much will they have to pay for the whole trip in total? A．£17,791 B．£18,822 C．£18,841 D．£19,572 【答案】4．A 5．D 6．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。这是一次远途旅行的宣传广告。 【详解】4．推理判断题。根据Day 12-14部分中的“The Ghan Experience one of the world’s most impressive rail journeys.(在甘河体验世界上最令人印象深刻的铁路之旅之一。)”和Days 18-21部分中的“Days in Cairns include a scenic railway journey to Kuranda,and a day trip to the nearby World Heritage listed Daintree Rainforest.(在凯恩斯的游览包括前往库兰达的风景火车之旅，以及附近被列入世界遗产名录的丹特里雨林的一日游。)”可知，如果凯伦对铁路旅行上瘾，凯恩斯和甘河最有可能是她的最爱。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据Day 12-14部分中的“Enjoy all inclusive Gold Service with on board meals included as are a wide selection of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks.(享受全套黄金服务，包括车上餐食，以及各种酒精和非酒精饮料。)”可知，如果你决定参加这次旅行，你将在乘坐火车北上途中获得一顿饭和饮料。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据表格中的05 Apr 2025一行中可知，每人单价为£6,245，根据表格下粗体部分“Book by 30th April 2024 and enjoy a twin room for a two-night stopover from only£29 per person(£48 for single occupancy).(在2024年4月30日前预订，可以享受一间双人房，中途停留两晚，每人只需29英镑（单人房48英镑）。)”可知，两名女生每人需要付29英镑房费，乔纳森需要付48英镑，所以总计是6,245*3+29*2+48=18841(英镑)。故选C。 Passage 3 （25‑26 高二上・上海控江中学・期中） Best things to do in Rome Italy 1.Places to visit:Colosseum The number 1 attraction of Rome is the Colosseum;the large amphitheater(竞技场)that housed 65,000 audiences in Roman days.Gladiators(角斗士)battled each other as well as wild animals in the Colosseum’s arena(角斗场),which is considered one of the seven modern wonders of the world.In the giant“ruins”of the Colosseum,you can visit the stands,the arena and the underground spaces of the largest Roman amphitheater. Warning:Owing to the huge number of visitors,it is always necessary to book Colosseum tickets in advance.You have 3 options for tickets:book combitickets including the Roman Forum,book a Colosseum guided tour and the most popular option is to compare the different Rome City Passes. 2.Trevi Fountain of Rome The most famous fountain in the capital of Italy and perhaps even the world must be the“Fontana di Trevi”,or Trevi Fountain.This baroque fountain,located on the Piazza di Trevi,was built in the 18th century and a must-see at the list of“best things to do in Rome”.The landmark and monument displays the god of the sea,Neptune on his chariot(马车).No visit or Rome sightseeing is complete without throwing a coin in the Trevi Fountain,as this means the person will“one day return to Rome Italy”. 3.Must see:Pantheon One of the best maintained buildings from Roman times is the Pantheon.What function the building had in those days is still not clear,but the Pantheon was given to the pope(教皇)by emperor Hadrian in 608.The current church has several unique funerary monuments(painter Raphael and a few Italian kings),as well as a remarkably large and open dome(屋顶). 7．What can we learn about the Colosseum from the passage? A．It has been restored from ruins to welcome more visitors. B．Booking tickets beforehand is strongly recommended. C．Visitors can tour diverse arenas in Rome with a combiticket. D．It is the only one of the seven modern wonders in Rome. 8．What do these three scenic spots have in common according to the passage? A．They all have a long history dating back to Roman times. B．The Rome City Pass includes entry to these three attractions. C．The three spots serve completely different roles and purposes. D．They are all located in the downtown area in the center of Rome. 9．Where is this text most probably taken from? A．An art history textbook. B．A personal travel blog. C．A travel guide website. D．A local museum brochure. 【答案】7．B 8．A 9．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了意大利罗马的三个必去景点：罗马斗兽场、特莱维喷泉和万神殿，并简要说明了每个景点的特色和参观建议。 【详解】7．细节理解题。根据1.Places to visit:Colosseum标题下“Warning:Owing to the huge number of visitors,it is always necessary to book Colosseum tickets in advance.(警告：由于游客众多，务必提前预订罗马斗兽场的门票)”可知，提前预订罗马斗兽场的门票是强烈推荐的。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据1.Places to visit:Colosseum标题下“The number 1 attraction of Rome is the Colosseum;the large amphitheater(竞技场)that housed 65,000 audiences in Roman days.(罗马的第一大景点是罗马斗兽场，这个大型竞技场在罗马时代可容纳65000名观众)”、2.Trevi Fountain of Rome标题下“The most famous fountain in the capital of Italy and perhaps even the world must be the“Fontana di Trevi”,or Trevi Fountain.This baroque fountain,located on the Piazza di Trevi,was built in the 18th century and a must-see at the list of“best things to do in Rome”.(意大利首都乃至世界上最著名的喷泉一定是“特莱维喷泉”。这座巴洛克风格的喷泉位于特莱维广场，建于18世纪，是罗马“最佳活动”清单上的必看景点)”以及3.Must see:Pantheon标题下“One of the best maintained buildings from Roman times is the Pantheon.(万神殿是罗马时代保存最完好的建筑之一)”可知，这三个景点都可以追溯到罗马时代，有着悠久的历史。故选A。 9．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了罗马的三个著名景点，包括它们的特色和参观建议，这是典型的旅游指南内容，因此最有可能来自一个旅游指南网站。故选C。 Passage 4 （25‑26 高二上・上海徐汇上海中学・期中） The Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek The Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek is a charming adventure that showcases the breathtaking beauty of the Annapurna region in Nepal.This trek combines the renowned circuit with a visit to Tilicho Lake,one of the highest lakes in the world,offering an adventure through stunning landscapes and cultural treasures.Major Attractions of Annapurna Tilicho Lake Trek A major highlight is the climb to Tilicho Lake(4,919 meters),a pure alpine oasis situated among towering peaks.The trail also leads to the sacred Muktinath Temple(3,710 meters),a site of deep significance for both Hindus and Buddhists.The journey peaks in the exciting crossing of Thorong La Pass(5,416 meters),the highest pass in the world.Along the way,trekkers are treated to stunning views of snow-capped peaks,glacial lakes,and diverse terrain.Trekking Difficulty and Fitness Requirement The trek presents a moderate to challenging level of difficulty.You must possess good physical endurance to navigate rugged terrain for 5 to 8 hours daily.Getting accustomed to high altitude is crucial to minimize sickness.The trail includes steep ascents and descents,and crossing glacial streams.While technical climbing skills are not required,prior hiking experience and adequate fitness are necessary.Best Time for Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek The trek is best experienced during either the spring(March to May)or the autumn(September to November).Both seasons offer favorable weather,clear skies,and stunning views.Spring features vibrant rhododendron(杜鹃花)blooms,while autumn boasts stable weather and golden leaves. Despite its challenges,the rewards are immeasurable.From the warmth of Nepalese hospitality in teahouses to the profound sense of achievement,this trek offers an unforgettable journey of adventure and discovery in the heart of the Himalayas. We offer opportunities to customize your trip!Consider adding a Kathmandu sightseeing tour,other adventure activities,or day trips around Nepal before or after your trek.Feel free to contact us.(Please understand that our travel plan might need adjustments due to unforeseen circumstances like flight delays,weather conditions,or natural disasters.In such cases,we’ll work diligently to find the best alternative solutions to ensure you have a safe and enjoyable trek.Your cooperation and flexibility are highly appreciated during these times.) 10．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge of the trek? A．Crossing glacial streams. B．Adapting to high altitudes. C．Technical climbing requirements. D．Long daily walking hours. 11．What can be concluded about the Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek from the passage? A．It is a suitable trek for people of all fitness levels. B．It focuses more on scenery than cultural experiences. C．It requires both physical preparedness and mental flexibility. D．It is most dangerous during the cold winter seasons. 12．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To promote and celebrate the unique culture of Nepal. B．To attract tourists to join a trek in the Annapurna region. C．To analyze the geography and ecosystems of Tilicho Lake. D．To warn about the safety risks of high-altitude trekking. 【答案】10．C 11．C 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍尼泊尔安纳布尔纳环线徒步旅行的景点、难度、最佳时间等，兼具介绍与推广目的。 【详解】10．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The trek presents a moderate to challenging level of difficulty.You must possess good physical endurance to navigate rugged terrain for 5 to 8 hours daily.Getting accustomed to high altitude is crucial to minimize sickness.The trail includes steep ascents and descents,and crossing glacial streams.While technical climbing skills are not required,prior hiking experience and adequate fitness are necessary.(这段徒步旅行的难度为中等至具挑战性。你必须具备良好的体能耐力，才能每天在崎岖的地形中行走5到8小时。适应高海拔对于减少高原反应至关重要。路线包括陡峭的上坡和下坡，以及穿越冰川溪流。虽然不需要专业的攀岩技能，但先前的徒步旅行经验和足够的体能是必要的)”可知，徒步旅行的挑战包括每天长时间行走、适应高海拔、穿越冰川溪流，未提及需要专业攀岩技能。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“While technical climbing skills are not required,prior hiking experience and adequate fitness are necessary.(虽然不需要专业的攀岩技能，但先前的徒步旅行经验和足够的体能是必要的)”及最后一段中的“Please understand that our travel plan might need adjustments due to unforeseen circumstances like flight delays,weather conditions,or natural disasters.In such cases,we’ll work diligently to find the best alternative solutions to ensure you have a safe and enjoyable trek.Your cooperation and flexibility are highly appreciated during these times.(请理解，由于航班延误、天气状况或自然灾害等不可预见的情况，我们的旅行计划可能需要调整。在这种情况下，我们将努力寻找最佳的替代解决方案，以确保您有一个安全和愉快的徒步旅行。在这段时间里，我们非常感谢你的合作和灵活性)”可推断，该徒步旅行既需要身体上的准备，也需要游客在计划调整时保持心态灵活。故选C项。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段介绍徒步旅行的魅力、中间段落介绍景点、难度、最佳时间，以及最后一段中的“We offer opportunities to customize your trip!Consider adding a Kathmandu sightseeing tour,other adventure activities,or day trips around Nepal before or after your trek.Feel free to contact us.(我们提供定制旅行的机会！考虑在徒步旅行前后增加加德满都观光游、其他冒险活动或尼泊尔周边的一日游。欢迎随时与我们联系)”可知，文章核心目的是吸引游客参加安纳布尔纳地区的徒步旅行。故选B项。 话题4 人工智能（共4篇） Passage 1 （2526 高二上・上海松江一中・期中） Sophia is a truly multi-talented robot,showcasing abilities in conversation,humor,singing,and artistic creation.Her entry into the art scene caused a stir earlier when a digital artwork,co-created by her and sold as a non-fungible token(NFT)(非同质化代币),fetched an impressive$688,888.This event underscored the growing fascination with NFTs within the art market,where digital content ownership is traded. The artwork in question,“Sophia Instantiation”,was born from a collaboration with Italian artist Andrea Bonaceto.Sophia took Bonaceto’s vivid portrait of her and,through her advanced neural networks,transformed it into a unique digital piece.This was complemented by a physical painting also crafted by Sophia,demonstrating her dual capability in both digital and traditional art forms. Sophia is the brainchild of David Hanson,a former Disney Imagineer.Modeled after the iconic Audrey Hepburn and Hanson’s wife,Sophia is a humanoid robot designed to mimic human social interactions,engage in meaningful conversations,and recognize individuals.Since her debut in 2016,Sophia has become a global sensation.She has been featured in numerous TV interviews,spoken at prestigious conferences,graced the cover of ELLE magazine,and even made history as the first robot to receive citizenship—Saudi Arabian,no less. Yet,for Hanson,Sophia’s public engagements are just the beginning.He sees a vast potential for her in various creative fields,with music being a prime candidate.Currently,Sophia is actively involved in the“Sophia Pop”project,where she is collaborating with human musicians to compose original music and lyrics.This partnership between human and artificial intelligence is breaking new ground,merging different forms of creativity to produce something truly innovative. Sophia’s evolution from an art-creating robot to a potential musical artist highlights the incredible advancements in AI and robotics.Her ability to adapt and excel in diverse creative domains not only showcases her versatility but also opens up exciting possibilities for the future of human-AI collaboration.As Sophia continues to push the boundaries of what robots can achieve,she paves the way for a new era of creativity and innovation. 1．What does the word‌“humanoid”in the article most likely mean? A．A machine that looks like a human. B．A type of digital artwork. C．A robot designed for space exploration. D．A computer program that mimics human thought. 2．How did Sophia contribute to the creation of the digital artwork titled“Sophia Instantiation”? A．She designed the entire artwork by herself. B．She collaborated with Italian artist Andrea Bonaceto by processing his work through her neural networks. C．She only provided the idea for the artwork. D．She painted the physical artwork entirely on her own. 3．What can be inferred about Sophia’s future from the article? A．She will only focus on creating more digital art. B．She will stop appearing in media and conferences. C．She might expand her talents into the field of music. D．She will be replaced by a newer model of robot soon. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the article? A．The Rise of NFTs in the Art Market B．Sophia:The Multi-Talented Robot C．The Evolution of Digital Art D．David Hanson:Creator of Sophia 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了机器人索菲亚的多方面才能，包括艺术创作和音乐合作等，展示了其在人工智能和机器人技术领域的巨大进步，以及人机合作在未来创新中的潜力。 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Sophia is a humanoid robot designed to mimic human social interactions,engage in meaningful conversations,and recognize individuals.(索菲亚是一个humanoid机器人，旨在模仿人类社交互动，进行有意义的对话，并识别个体)”可知，划线词“humanoid”修饰“robot”，并描述其设计目标是模仿人类社交等行为，因此它指的是外观和功能上类似人类的机器。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The artwork in question,“Sophia Instantiation”,was born from a collaboration with Italian artist Andrea Bonaceto.Sophia took Bonaceto’s vivid portrait of her and,through her advanced neural networks,transformed it into a unique digital piece.(这件名为《索菲亚·具现》的作品，源自与意大利艺术家安德烈亚·邦纳塞托的合作。索菲亚以邦纳塞托为她创作的生动肖像为基础，通过其先进的神经网络，将其转化为一件独特的数字作品)”可知，索菲亚的贡献在于通过自己的神经网络处理了邦纳塞托的作品，共同创作了数字艺术品。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“He sees a vast potential for her in various creative fields,with music being a prime candidate.Currently,Sophia is actively involved in the“Sophia Pop”project,where she is collaborating with human musicians to compose original music and lyrics.(他认为她在各个创意领域都有巨大潜力，而音乐是首要选择。目前，索菲亚正积极参与“索菲亚流行”项目，与人类音乐家合作创作原创音乐和歌词)”可推断，索菲亚的未来发展可能会将其才能扩展到音乐领域。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开篇第一段“Sophia is a truly multi-talented robot,showcasing abilities in conversation,humor,singing,and artistic creation.(索菲亚是一个真正多才多艺的机器人，展现了其在对话、幽默、歌唱和艺术创作方面的能力)”即点明文章主题，全文随后围绕其艺术成就(NFT作品)、设计背景、社会影响以及在音乐等领域的潜力展开介绍。因此，文章最合适的标题应为“Sophia:The Multi-Talented Robot(索菲亚：多才多艺的机器人)”。故选B项。 Passage 2 （2526 高二上・上海嘉定一中、晋元高级中学・期中） Five of the Smartest Robots in History 1966 ELIZA One of the first example of a chatterbot.When running a script labelled with DOCTOR,ELIZA could ask and answer questions like a psychotherapist.It didn’t understand a great deal,but with some clever programming was still able to convince many users of its intelligence. 1994 VIRTUAL CREATURES Computer artist and researcher Karl Sims created a group of virtual creatures that lived in their own virtual universe.Using genetic algorithms(算法),they evolved until they could swim,crawl,jump and compete against one another.Unfortunately,they were too concerned with their own virtual lives to talk to us. 1997 DEEP BLUE Deep Blue was thrown into public consciousness when it won a chess game against grandmaster Garry Kasparov—the first supercomputer to make such a great achievement.However,it was given a lot of help from human programmers and used pretty basic AI methods to think of its moves,so maybe it was not so bright after all. 2011 IBM WATSON IBM Watson was the first AI that beat human players at US TV quiz show Jeopardy!.This AI was clever enough to process text and then found likely answers to the question asked using its internal body of knowledge,which consisted of around 200 million pages of content.Sadly,it struggled to answer some basic questions. 2015 DEEP-Q NETWORK This earlier work from the team behind AlphaGo,the AI that defeated a master of the complex Japanese strategy game Go,learned how to play 49 classic Atari games just by looking at the screen—it didn’t get any help from programmers.While it was brilliant at a lot of the games,it couldn’t get the hang of Pac-Man. 5．Which pair of robots introduced above were actually unintelligent? A．ELIZA and DEEP BLUE. B．DEEP BLUE and IBM WATSON. C．DEEP-Q NETWORK and ELIZA． D．IBM WATSON and DEEP-Q NETWORK. 6．DEEP BLUE and DEEP-Q NETWORK differ from each other in________. A．how many methods they can apply B．whether they have the ability to learn C．whether they have beaten human players D．how they have caught the public attention 7．Which of the following statements is true of VIRTUAL CREATURES? A．They looked like space creatures. B．They were unable to respond to people. C．They could swim as soon as they were created. D．They led to the application of genetic algorithms. 【答案】5．A 6．B 7．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍历史上五款智能机器人的功能、特点与局限性。 【详解】5．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It didn’t understand a great deal,but with some clever programming was still able to convince many users of its intelligence.(它并不理解很多内容，但凭借一些巧妙的编程，仍然能够让许多用户相信它的智能。)”及第三段中的“However,it was given a lot of help from human programmers and used pretty basic AI methods to think of its moves,so maybe it was not so bright after all.(然而，它得到了人类程序员的大量帮助，并使用非常基础的人工智能方法来思考走法，所以也许它终究没那么聪明。)”可知，ELIZA和DEEP BLUE实际上并不具备真正的智能。故选A项。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However,it was given a lot of help from human programmers and used pretty basic AI methods to think of its moves.(然而，它得到了人类程序员的大量帮助，并使用非常基础的人工智能方法来思考走法。)”及第五段中的“This earlier work from the team behind AlphaGo,the AI that defeated a master of the complex Japanese strategy game Go,learned how to play 49 classic Atari games just by looking at the screen—it didn’t get any help from programmers.(这款来自击败了复杂日本策略游戏围棋大师的人工智能AlphaGo团队的早期作品，仅仅通过观看屏幕就学会了如何玩49款经典雅达利游戏——它没有得到程序员的任何帮助。)”可知，二者的区别在于是否具备自主学习能力。故选B项。 7．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unfortunately,they were too concerned with their own virtual lives to talk to us.(不幸的是，它们太专注于自己的虚拟生活，无法与我们交流。)”可知，虚拟生物无法对人类做出回应。故选B项。 Passage 3 （2526 高二上・上海复旦附中・期中） On holiday,many will find themselves in places where they do not speak the language.Once upon a time,they might have carried a phrasebook.The rise of English has made that less necessary.But most people—at least seven of the world’s eight billion—still do not speak English.That leaves options like pantomime,a willingness to be surprised by what arrives at dinner—or,increasingly,technology. More and more people are using simple,free tools,not only to decode text but also to speak.With these apps’conversation mode,you talk into a phone and a spoken translation is heard moments later;the app can also listen for another language and produce a translation in yours. You may still get a surprise or two.Google Translate may be the best-known name in machine translation,but it often blunders.Take“my wife is gluten-free,”the kind of thing you might say at a restaurant abroad.In French or Italian,Google Translate renders this as“my wife is without gluten”—true to the words rather than the meaning.DeepL,a rival,does better,offering various options,most of them along the correct lines. The best tool may not be a translation app at all.Though not marketed for the purpose,ChatGPT,a generative AI system that churns out prose according to users’prompts,is multilingual.Rather than entering an exact text to translate,users can tell ChatGPT to“write a message in Spanish to a waiter that my wife and I would like the tasting menu,but that she is gluten-free,so we would like substitutions for anything that has gluten.”And out pops a perfect paragraph,including the way Spanish-speaking speakers actually say“my wife is gluten-free”:mi esposa es celíaca.It is a paraphrase rather than a translation,more like having a native-speaking dinner companion than an automated interpreter. Travel has long been a motivator for study—unless people start to feel AI tools offer a good-enough service.Some are concerned that apps are turning language acquisition into a dwindling pursuit.Douglas Hofstadter,a polyglot(通晓多门语言的人),has argued that something profound will vanish when people talk through machines.He describes giving a halting,difficult speech in Mandarin,which required a lot of work but offered a sense of accomplishment at the end.Who would boast of taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest? Others are less worried.Most people do not move abroad or have the kind of sustained contact with a foreign culture that requires them to put in the work to become fluent.Nor do most people learn languages for the purpose of humanising themselves or training their brains.On their holiday,they just want a beer and the spaghetti carbonara without incident(and sometimes without gluten). As AI translation becomes an even more popular labour-saving tool,people will split into two groups.There will be those who want to stretch their minds,immerse themselves in other cultures or force their thinking into new pathways.This lot will still take on language study,often aided by technology.Others will look at learning a new language with a mix of admiration and puzzlement,as they might with extreme endurance sports:“Good for you,if that’s your thing,but a bit painful for my taste.” 8．According to the passage,what is a key advantage of ChatGPT over dedicated translation apps like Google Translate? A．It can process and translate spoken dialogue in real-time. B．It is specifically marketed and designed for travel purposes. C．It supports a significantly wider array of languages than its competitors. D．It understands and conveys the intent behind a request,not just the words. 9．What can be inferred from Douglas Hofstadter’s analogy of“taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest”? A．The goal of language learning,like climbing a mountain,should be the practical outcome rather than the process itself. B．People who use AI for communication will eventually develop a dependency on it,similar to relying on transportation. C．The core meaning of a difficult achievement lies in the personal struggle and effort,which is devalued by using AI tools. D．AI translation,like a helicopter,is a technological marvel that makes challenging goals achievable for a wider range of people. 10．Which of the following best describes the author’s likely view on the future impact of AI translation? A．It will transform language acquisition from a practical skill into an intellectual exercise. B．It will create a divide in the language learners for practical needs and for deeper engagement. C．It will ensure that cross-cultural communication is perfectly accurate and free of surprises. D．It will eventually make the professions of human interpreters and translators redundant. 11．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Universal Translator:The Promise and Limitations of AI Translation B．Beyond Phrasebooks:How Technology is Reshaping Global Communication C．The Polyglot’s Dilemma:Preserving Linguistic Depth in an Age of Automation D．The Price of Convenience:AI and the Changing Motivation for Language Learning 【答案】8．D 9．C 10．B 11．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要探讨了AI翻译技术的发展及其对人们语言学习动机、跨文化交流方式带来的影响，分析了不同人群对AI翻译的态度和未来可能出现的人群分化。 【详解】8．细节理解题。根据原文第四段“Rather than entering an exact text to translate,users can tell ChatGPT to“write a message in Spanish to a waiter that my wife and I would like the tasting menu,but that she is gluten-free,so we would like substitutions for anything that has gluten.”And out pops a perfect paragraph,including the way Spanish-speaking speakers actually say“my wife is gluten-free”:mi esposa es celíaca.(用户无需输入确切文本进行翻译，只需告诉ChatGPT‘用西班牙语给服务员写一条信息，说明我和妻子想要品鉴菜单，但她谷蛋白不耐受，所以希望替换掉任何含谷蛋白的食物’。随后就会生成一段完美的文字，其中包含了西班牙语使用者实际表达‘我妻子谷蛋白不耐受’的说法：mi esposa es celíaca。)”可知，ChatGPT能够理解用户请求背后的意图，而非仅仅直译文字，这是它相较于谷歌翻译等专门翻译应用的关键优势，故选D。 9．推理判断题。根据原文第五段“He describes giving a halting,difficult speech in Mandarin,which required a lot of work but offered a sense of accomplishment at the end.Who would boast of taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest?(他描述了自己用普通话进行一场结结巴巴、颇具难度的演讲的经历，这需要付出大量努力，但最终带来了成就感。谁会吹嘘自己乘直升机登上珠穆朗玛峰之巅呢？)”可知，Douglas Hofstadter认为语言学习的核心价值在于付出努力的过程和最终的成就感，而AI工具会让这种努力和成就感贬值，就像乘直升机登顶珠峰无法体现登山的真正意义一样，故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“As AI translation becomes an even more popular labour-saving tool,people will split into two groups.There will be those who want to stretch their minds,immerse themselves in other cultures or force their thinking into new pathways.This lot will still take on language study,often aided by technology.Others will look at learning a new language with a mix of admiration and puzzlement(随着AI翻译成为更受欢迎的省力工具，人们将分为两类。一类人想要拓展思维、沉浸于其他文化或迫使自己的思维进入新的领域，他们仍会进行语言学习，且常常借助技术的帮助。另一类人则会带着钦佩和困惑的复杂心情看待学习新语言这件事)”可知，作者认为AI翻译未来会导致语言学习者出现分化：一类为深度参与文化等目的学习，另一类为实用需求依赖AI，故选B。 11．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第五段“Travel has long been a motivator for study—unless people start to feel AI tools offer a good-enough service.Some are concerned that apps are turning language acquisition into a dwindling pursuit.(长期以来，旅行一直是学习的动力——除非人们开始觉得AI工具提供了足够好的服务。一些人担心这些应用正在让语言学习成为一项日渐式微的追求。)”和最后一段对人群分化的分析，可知文章核心围绕AI翻译带来的便利性及其对人们语言学习动机的改变展开，探讨了不同人群的态度，D项“便利的代价：人工智能和语言学习动机的变化”可概括文章主旨。故选D。 Passage 4 （2526 高二上・上海同济第一附中・期中） Given the buzz it’s created,there’s a good chance you’ve heard about ChatGPT.It’s an interactive chatbot powered by machine learning.The technology has basically devoured the entire Internet,reading the collective works of humanity and learning patterns in language that it can recreate.All you have to do is give it a prompt(提示),and ChatGPT can do an endless array of things:write a story in a particular style,answer a question,explain a concept,compose an email—write a college essay-and it will spit out coherent,seemingly human—written text in seconds.The technology is both awesome and terrifying. 22-year-old Edward Tian is working feverishly on a new app to combat misuse of ChatGPT. Over the last couple years,Tian has been studying an AI system called GPT-3,a predecessor to ChatGPT that was less user-friendly and largely inaccessible to the general public because it was behind a paywall.As part of his studies this fall semester,Tian researched how to detect text written by the AI system while working at Princeton’s Natural Language Processing Lab. Then,as the semester was coming to a close,OpenAI,the company behind GPT-3 and other AI tools,released ChatGPT to the public for free.For the millions of people around the world who have used it since,interacting with the technology has been like getting a peek into the future;a future that not too long ago would have seemed like science fiction. For many users of the new technology,wonderment quickly turned to alarm.How-many jobs will this kill?Will this empower nefarious(恶意的)actors and further corrupt our public discourse(公共话语)?How will this disrupt our education system?What is the point of learning to write essays at school when AI-which is expected to get exponentially better in the near future-can do that for us? Tian had an idea.What if he applied what he had learned at school over the last couple years to help the public identify whether something has been written by a machine? Tian already had the know-how and even the software on his laptop to create such a program.Ironically,this software,called GitHub Co-Pilot,is powered by GPT-3.With its assistance,Tian was able to create a new app within three days.It’s a testament to the power of this technology to make us more productive. On January 2nd,Tian released his app GPTZero.It basically uses ChatGPT against itself,checking whether“there’s zero involvement or a lot of involvement”of the AI system in creating a given text. When Tian went to bed that night,he didn’t expect much for his app.When he woke up,his phone had blown up.He saw countless texts and DMs from journalists,principals,teachers,you name it,from places as far away as France and Switzerland.His app,which is hosted by a free platform,became so popular it crashed.Excited by the popularity and purpose of his app,the hosting platform has since granted Tian the resources needed to scale the app’s services to a mass audience. 12．Which of the following statements is TRUE about GPT-3? A．It’s designed and researched by Edward Tian in Princeton University B．Not many ordinary people have used it because it is not free. C．It is in the same AI system series as ChatGPT and GPTZero. D．It used to be less user-friendly than ChatGPT but has outdone it now. 13．Wonderment at ChatGPT quickly turned to alarm because many users have the following concerns over ChatGPT EXCEPT_______. A．AI may replace human beings in the future when it comes to writing essays. B．Actors may turn bad or even evil if the new technology is adopted in acting. C．The education system may be badly impacted by the misuse of the new technology. D．Many people may be out of employment because of the new technology. 14．Principals and teachers may get interested in Edward Tian’s new app probably because_______. A．the app is hosted by a free platform which is very popular. B．they know many journalists are also very interested in it. C．they are eager to share the resources Edward Tian is granted. D．they are worried about the possibility of students cheating in writing. 15．Which of the following expressions can best describe the principle behind GPTZero? A．Harm set,harm get. B．Birds of a feather flock together. C．Fight a man with his own weapon. D．Great minds think alike. 【答案】12．B 13．B 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了一位22岁的年轻人试图阻止ChatGPT颠覆写作。 【详解】12．细节理解题。由文第三段第一句“Over the last couple years,Tian has been studying an AI system called GPT-3,a predecessor to ChatGPT that was less user-friendly and largely inaccessible to the general public because it was behind a paywall.”（在过去的几年里，田一直在研究一个名为GPT-3的人工智能系统，这是ChatGPT的前身，它对用户是不太友好的，而且公众基本上无法访问，因为它位于收费墙后面。）可知，GPT-3是需要收费的，一般人不使用它，故选B项。 13．细节理解题。由文第五段“For many users of the new technology,wonderment quickly turned to alarm.How-many jobs will this kill?Will this empower nefarious(恶意的)actors and further corrupt our public discourse(公共话语)?How will this disrupt our education system?What is the point of learning to write essays at school when AI-which is expected to get exponentially better in the near future-can do that for us?”（对于许多该项新技术的用户来说，惊奇很快变成了恐慌。这会消灭多少工作？这会使邪恶势力强大吗？并进一步败坏我们的公共话语?这将如何破坏我们的教育系统？当人工智能有望在不久的将来取得指数级的进步时，在学校学习写论文有什么意义？）可知，作者并没有谈到对演员和表演行业的影响，故选B项。 14．推理判断题。由倒数第二段末句“It basically uses ChatGPT against itself,checking whether“there’s zero involvement or a lot of involvement”of the AI system in creating a given text.”（基本上，它使用ChatGPT来对抗自身，检查人工智能系统在创建给定文本时是“零参与还是大量参与”。）可知，校长和老师可以用这个来测试学生是否在写作时作弊。由此推知，这很有可能是他们对田的新应用感兴趣的原因。故选D项。 15．推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后一句“It basically uses ChatGPT against itself,checking whether“there’s zero involvement or a lot of involvement”of the AI system in creating a given text.”（基本上，它使用ChatGPT来对抗自身，检查人工智能系统在创建给定文本时是“零参与还是大量参与”。）可知，该技术的逻辑是用自己来打败自己，C项“Fight a man with his own weapon.”（用他自己的武器去打一个人）符合该语义逻辑，故选C项。 话题5 人与环境（共3篇） Passage 1 （2526 高二上・上海崇明中学・期中） Helping Injured Birds Look for signs a bird needs help A bird that is sick or injured will look or behave differently.It may be: dirty or missing feathers unable or reluctant to fly ●limping,head tilting or breathing rapidly ●sitting in an unusual,open place and not moving when approached Most baby birds don’t need to be rescued.Some species leave the nest before they’re able to fly and spend time on the ground with their parents close by. If a bird is attacked by a cat or dog,take the bird to a vet immediately even if there’s no visible injury.Cat and dog saliva is toxic to birds and scratches can lead to infection Make it safe for you and the bird Injured wildlife can be dangerous,especially when scared or stressed.Birds can also carry diseases. Protect yourself and the bird by: ●removing any threats,such as cats and dogs ●using gloves or a towel to handle the bird ●washing your hands after handling the bird Do not handle large birds,such as owls and birds of prey—these birds have very sharp talons(爪)and can use them if they are scared or threatened.They must only be handled by trained wildlife rescuers. Take the bird to a vet or contact wildlife rescue If possible,take the bird to a vet straight away.A vet shouldn’t charge you for bringing in wildlife. If you can’t get to a vet or contain the bird yourself,contact wildlife rescue.They will give you advice and,depending on resources,may be able to rescue the bird. In Australia,you must be a licensed wildlife carer to treat wildlife.To give them the best chance of survival,get them to licenced carers as quickly as possible. Contact details for Wildlife Rescue representatives ●ACT(02)6299 1966 ●NSW 1300 094 737 ●NT(08)8988 6121 ●QLD(07)5527 2444 1．A bird that________is in desperate need of your help. A．stays on the ground with parents and is not able to fly yet B．has been attacked by dogs or cats without any visible injury C．sits in an open place and flies away upon being approached D．rolls around in dry soil or sand to remove dirt from feathers 2．Which of the following steps might be improper when helping injured birds? A．Dealing with large birds with caution. B．Never touching them with bare hands. C．Taking the bird to a licensed carer soon. D．Contacting wildlife rescue representatives. 3．What is the purpose of writing this article? A．To raise awareness of the importance of protecting wildlife. B．To encourage students to apply to be a licensed wildlife carer. C．To instruct the public how to correctly deal with injured birds. D．To call on people interested in birds to donate to their organization. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了正确救助受伤鸟类的方法与步骤。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据Look for signs a bird needs help标题下的最后一段“If a bird is attacked by a cat or dog,take the bird to a vet immediately even if there’s no visible injury.Cat and dog saliva is toxic to birds and scratches can lead to infection.(如果一只鸟被猫或狗攻击，即使没有明显的伤，也要立即带它去看兽医。猫和狗的唾液对鸟类有毒，抓伤可能导致感染)”可知，被狗或猫攻击过、但没有任何明显的伤的鸟急需帮助。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据Make it safe for you and the bird标题下的最后一段“Do not handle large birds,such as owls and birds of prey—these birds have very sharp talons and can use them if they are scared or threatened.They must only be handled by trained wildlife rescuers.(不要处理大型鸟类，如猫头鹰和猛禽——这些鸟有非常锋利的爪子，如果它们感到害怕或受到威胁，它们会使用爪子。它们只能由经过训练的野生动物救援人员处理)”可知，大型鸟类不能由普通人处理，而非“谨慎处理”，所以A项“小心处理大型鸟类”是不合适的。故选A。 3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章从识别需要帮助的鸟类、保障自身和鸟类安全、送医或联系救援等方面，详细介绍了救助受伤鸟类的正确方法，其目的是指导公众如何正确处理受伤鸟类。故选C。 Passage 2 （2526 高二上・上海崇明中学・期中） Between 1990 and 2014,forests in Europe grew by 13 million hectares,roughly the size of Greece,but this came with a cost.To meet crop demands within the European Union,forests in tropical countries had to be cleared,with about 1 million hectares lost to make up for the drop in EU production.This phenomenon,called biodiversity“leakage,”is a key issue with conservation and rewilding projects,particularly those in wealthier,lower-biodiversity nations.Andrew Balmford from the University of Cambridge,part of a group of scientists advocating for greater attention to this issue,argues that restoring nature in wealthy yet nature-depleted(耗尽的)parts of the world often shifts production of food and other goods to more wildlife-abundant regions,leading to a net loss of biodiversity.This impact is rarely tracked,meaning the benefits of such conservation efforts may be overstated. The UK,for example,is among the most nature-depleted countries,with half its biodiversity lost due to habitat destruction for buildings and fuel production.This trend is seen in other industrialized regions,including parts of Europe and North America.While conservation groups promote rewilding to restore indigenous wildlife,Balmford warns that if productive farmland in countries like the UK is rewilded,it may lead to increased habitat destruction in other regions.For example,as more biodiversity countries increase production to meet food demands,the net result could be a loss of biodiversity.Even rewilding low-grade land could negatively impact biodiversity if productive land elsewhere is used for farming. This issue,though discussed in conservation circles,is rarely addressed.One possible solution is to focus action on biodiversity nations,but this raises geopolitical challenges,says Steve Carver at the University of Leeds.For conservation to succeed,higher-income countries must lead by example,fulfilling their biodiversity obligations instead of offshoring them.Balmford suggests that a better approach could involve managing trade-offs domestically.If countries like the UK want vast wild landscapes,they must accept the costs,which may include more intensive farming or land conversion.For example,in Sierra Leone,conservationists are working with farmers to boost yields while protecting the Gola rainforest.Alister Scott from The Global Rewilding Alliance cautions against overburdening conservationists by shifting responsibility for land productivity.Instead,he advocates focusing on the root causes of land demand.Shifting the global food system to plant-based alternatives could reduce land competition,allowing both rich and poor nations to rewild.With a global change in diet,the world could meet its food needs without harming biodiversity. 4．Which of the following statements about rewilding projects is correct? A．Rewilding always results in increased food production in wealthier countries. B．Rewilding mainly involves monitoring conservation efforts to improve ecosystems. C．Rewilding efforts in nature-depleted countries always lead to a net gain in biodiversity. D．Rewilding can lead to the relocation of food production to regions with greater biodiversity. 5．The author cites the UK as an example mainly in order to________. A．emphasize the benefits rewilding has brought to UK B．highlight the challenges of rewilding in wealthy nations C．argue for more land to be set aside for wildlife in the UK D．show the effectiveness of intensive farming methods in the UK 6．According to Balmford,a better approach to conservation involves________. A．relying on other countries to manage their biodiversity B．ignoring the costs of conservation and doing anything at will C．avoiding any changes to land use in high-income countries D．wealthy countries accepting local changes for conservation 7．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．The Success of Biodiversity Efforts in the UK B．The Benefits of Rewilding in Wealthy Nations C．Balancing Conservation with Global Food Demands. D．Reducing Land Competition Through Plant-Based Diets 【答案】4．D 5．B 6．D 7．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是欧洲森林面积增长背后隐藏着“生物多样性泄漏”问题，专家指出，富裕国家应在国内承担生物多样性责任，而非将代价转嫁给海外；同时，推动全球饮食转型、减少土地需求，才是兼顾粮食安全与生态保护的根本出路。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Andrew Balmford from the University of Cambridge,part of a group of scientists advocating for greater attention to this issue,argues that restoring nature in wealthy yet nature-depleted(耗尽的)parts of the world often shifts production of food and other goods to more wildlife-abundant regions,leading to a net loss of biodiversity.(剑桥大学的Andrew Balmford是一群倡导更加关注这一问题的科学家中的一员，他认为，在世界那些富裕但自然生态已遭耗尽的地区恢复自然，往往会使食品和其他商品的生产转移到野生动物更丰富的地区，从而导致生物多样性净损失)”可知，生态修复可能会导致食品生产转移到生物多样性更丰富的地区。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段“While conservation groups promote rewilding to restore indigenous wildlife,Balmford warns that if productive farmland in countries like the UK is rewilded,it may lead to increased habitat destruction in other regions.(虽然保护组织提倡通过生态修复来恢复本土野生动物，但巴尔姆福德警告称，如果像英国这样的国家将生产性农田进行生态修复，可能会导致其他地区的栖息地遭到更多破坏)”可知，作者以英国为例，主要是为了强调富裕国家进行生态修复所面临的挑战。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Balmford suggests that a better approach could involve managing trade-offs domestically.If countries like the UK want vast wild landscapes,they must accept the costs,which may include more intensive farming or land conversion.(巴尔姆福德认为，更好的方法可能包括在国内进行权衡管理。如果像英国这样的国家想要广阔的荒野景观，就必须接受其带来的代价，这可能包括更集约的耕作或土地转换)”可知，根据巴尔姆福德的观点，更好的保护方法包括富裕国家接受为保护而进行的本地变革。故选D。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Alister Scott from The Global Rewilding Alliance cautions against overburdening conservationists by shifting responsibility for land productivity.Instead,he advocates focusing on the root causes of land demand.Shifting the global food system to plant-based alternatives could reduce land competition,allowing both rich and poor nations to rewild.With a global change in diet,the world could meet its food needs without harming biodiversity.(全球生态修复联盟的Alister Scott警告称，不要通过转移土地生产力的责任来给保护主义者增加过多负担。相反，他主张关注土地需求的根源。将全球食品系统转向植物性替代品可以减少土地竞争，使富国和穷国都能进行生态修复。随着全球饮食结构的改变，世界可以在不损害生物多样性的情况下满足粮食需求)”可知，本文主要讲的是欧洲森林面积增长背后隐藏着“生物多样性泄漏”问题，专家指出，富裕国家应在国内承担生物多样性责任，而非将代价转嫁给海外；同时，推动全球饮食转型、减少土地需求，才是兼顾粮食安全与生态保护的根本出路。因此最好的标题是C选项“Balancing Conservation with Global Food Demands(平衡保护与全球食品需求)”。故选C。 Passage 3 （2526 高二上・上海复旦附中・期中） Water is the lifeblood of our planet$ 考前押题03 阅读理解5大常考话题 话题1社会问题与社会现象（常考点） 话题2 个人经历 话题3 旅游观光（常考点） 话题4 人工智能 话题5 人与环境（难点） 高中阅读理解极简做题技巧 三步做题法 1. 先看题干，圈关键词 不读全文，先读5道题问题，圈画人名、数字、专有名词，知道要找什么。不要先读选项，避免被错误选项干扰。 2. 回原文定位（核心！） 拿着题干关键词回文章找一模一样/同义改写的句子，答案就在定位句的前后1‑2句。 > 大部分题目：选项是原文句子的同义替换，不是原句照搬。 3. 对比选项，再核对主旨，做完复查 比对定位句和ABCD；做完所有题，简单回顾文章主旨，防止局部对、整体跑偏。 话题1 社会问题与社会现象 Passage 1 （2526 高二上・上海嘉定一中、晋元高级中学・期中） Governments are addressing both immediate economic recovery from the global financial crisis and long-term prevention of future crises.At a December meeting,leaders are likely to agree that previous loose financial regulations need tightening.However,the current global financial system’s complexity poses new challenges.How can we redesign it to prevent future breakdowns? Experts suggest starting with insights from complexity science,which reveals that large interconnected systems,like ecosystems,can unexpectedly change due to small things.Applying these insights offers hope for better managing the financial system,despite acknowledging associated costs. Traditional economic policies assume separate and simple markets,ignoring how interconnected transactions(交易)influence each other.Complexity theorists compare the financial system to an ecosystem where minor changes can lead to crises.For instance,rising debt levels over time might have set the stage for today’s financial challenges,stimulated by events like a bank collapse. A major problem is the increased flow of money across borders,boosting global prosperity but also spreading local shocks worldwide.Nobel winner Paul Krugman notes that since 1995,cross-border investments have speeded up the global spread of crises,exposing systemic weaknesses. Complexity experts criticize financial firms for assessing risks transaction by transaction without considering how they’re interconnected,which can intensify risks across the entire system.They advocate introducing“firebreaks”in the financial network to reduce connectivity and restore diversity,essential for durability against shocks. However,implementing such changes faces resistance from an industry that prioritizes streamlined operations for profit.Yet,restoring diversity and managing connectivity are crucial,similar to maintaining ecological flexibility in changing environments. Bar-Yam stresses the need for accurate scientific modeling and verification of economic policies,similar to approaches in other scientific fields.This is essential for informed policymaking that acknowledges the complexity and unpredictability of market behaviors. In summary,while policymakers are beginning to grasp the systemic risks posed by financial interdependence,effectively reshaping the global financial system will require addressing complex challenges and adopting strict scientific methods in policymaking. 1．According to the passage,what do the financial system and ecosystems have in common? A．In both of them,each input is reacted to consistently. B．In both of them,each step has its isolated outcome. C．In both of them,future breakdowns are most likely to be predicted. D．In both of them,minor changes can lead to significant consequences. 2．According to the passage,what strategy do complexity experts recommend to avoid systemic risks? A．Decreasing interdependence within the financial network. B．Encouraging interconnectedness among financial institutions. C．Assessing the risk of each transaction in more scientific ways. D．Ignoring minor changes in financial markets to maintain stability. 3．What approaches does Bar-Yam advocate for effective policymaking in managing financial complexities? A．Introducing scientific modeling. B．Relying on traditional economic models. C．Prioritizing industry interests over systemic risks. D．Comparing new economic policies with old ones. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The impact of climate change on financial markets. B．The historical development of global financial regulations. C．Strategies for maximizing short-term profits in the financial system. D．The challenges of managing interconnectedness in the financial system. Passage 2 （2526 高二上・上海闵行中学・期中） Science advances fastest when data and conclusions are shared as quickly as possible.Yet it is common practice for medical researchers to conceal results for months or years until research is published in an academic journal.Even then,the data supporting a study are often not revealed. The motive to withhold findings is powerful.Journal papers are the key measure of a scientist’s productivity.To win research money and get promoted,scientists need to increase an impressive list of publications.Yet the delays in spreading knowledge have the capacity to do real harm.Nor are elite journals the guardians of quality that they often claim to be.The number of papers so flawed that they need to be retracted has risen sharply in the past two decades.Studies in elite journals(such as Nature and Science)are no statistically stronger than those in lesser journals. Science should not,and need not,be restrained by journal publication.Three sensible reforms would ensure that researchers’results could be communicated to more people more quickly,without any decline in quality.Step one is for the organizations that finance research to demand that scientists put their academic papers,along with their experimental data,in publicly accessible“databases”before they are sent to a journal.That would allow other researchers to make use of the findings without delay.Those opposing such“preprints”argue that they allow work of poor quality to grow wildly because it has not yet been peer-reviewed.That may surprise physicists and mathematicians,who have been posting work to arXiv,a preprint database,for more than 25 years with no ill effects. Step two is to improve the process of peer review itself.Journals currently administer a system of organizing anonymous peer reviewers to pass judgment on new research—a fact they use,in part,to justify their sky—high subscription prices.But this process tends to be abused.At its worst,groups of researchers are suspected of guaranteeing favorable reviews for each other’s work.Better that reviewers are named and that the reviews are published.The Gates foundation has announced its support for an online database where such open peer review of papers takes place.The database was launched last year by the Welcome Trust,meaning that the world’s two largest medical charities have thrown their weight behind it.Others should follow. Finally,science needs to stop relying so much on journal publication as the only recognized qualification for researchers and the only path to career progression.Tools exist that report how often a preprint has been viewed,for example,or whether a clinical data set has been cited in guidelines for doctors.A handful of firms are using artificial intelligence to assess the scientific importance of research,disregarding how it has been spread.Such approaches need encouragement.Journals may lose out,but science itself will benefit. 5．The passage primarily argues________. A．why scientists should timely make public their information with other peers B．how a reliable system that promotes fast sharing of academic outcomes can be established C．how the scientific circle ensures the quality of those research papers published in journals D．what the difference is between the studies posted to preprint databases and the elite journals 6．Which of the following is NOT the reason why scientists hold back their findings? A．They want to climb up the career ladders. B．They want to show their capacity of yielding great researches. C．They want to ensure the scientific validity before releasing them. D．They want to get funded for their study. 7．What can help reduce academics’dependence on journal publication? A．Using tools to report the frequency of a preprint being viewed. B．Firms using advanced technology to produce research. C．Citing doctors’guideline in processing a clinical data. D．Finding methods to assess the way those studies are shared or spread. 8．Which one of the following statements will the author most probably agree with? A．Full trust can be put in elite journals like Science and Nature. B．The prospect of scientific journals undoubtedly outweighs that of science. C．The popularity of preprint will inevitably bring about a careless academic world. D．Organizations ought to employ an open measure to conduct the peer review. Passage 3 （2526 高二上・上海曹杨第二中学・期中） Ads are everywhere.They are on our trains,they are on our planes,they are wrapped around our automobiles.They are even on the homeless.Yes,really;homeless people have been used as media space by marketers thinking outside the box;charmingly,it’s called“bumvertising”.Still,despite the constant creep of commercialism,there is one final frontier that has,as yet,remained blissfully ad-free:the graveyard. This isn’t to say that death doesn’t sell.On the contrary,posthumous fame is often the most lucrative.In Mark Twain’s play Is He Dead?,an artist fakes his death to increase the value of his work.As one of the characters explains:“A painter has so much more talent when he’s dead.Indeed,the deader he is,the better he is.”However,death normally doesn’t sell consumer brands.Nobody wants to see ads for hamburgers at a crematorium.Or be reminded that the unstoppable march of time means we are all going to die.Death is not aspirational and exploiting loss for money is inappropriate. Well,perhaps it’s not quite clear to everyone that it is.Last week,McDonald’s got a lot of grief for a TV advert that seemingly exploited bereaved children to flog fish sandwiches.More than 150 people complained to the Advertising Standards Authority about the dead dad ad and it has now been pulled with the usual PR fauxpology.“We respect our customers and their money very much and regret implying that a fried fish fillet could replace a father’s love,etc.” McDonald’s execs can take some solace in the fact that they aren’t the only marketing minds to have inexplicably decided that invoking family tragedy would be a winning strategy.In 2015 nationwide aired an ad featuring a drowned child during the Super Bowl.The camera cuts abruptly away to an ominous overflowing bath before reminding you that nationwide can“make safe happen”.And,hey,if safe doesn’t happen then at least you’ll get some life insurance money.Now,to be clear,I don’t think that the McDonald’s or nationwide ads were made by Machiavellian monsters,cynically mining pain for profit.They were just bad ads created by an industry so high on its own puffery that it truly believes fast food brands have important things to say about bereavement. Nevertheless,there does appear to be a growing trend of brands engaging in griefsplotation.For instance,every time a celebrity dies,there follows a flurry of very bad tweets by companies trying to muscle their brand into the conversation.When Prince died last year,for example,Cheerios tweeted“Rest in peace”on a purple background—with a cheerio replacing the dot above the“i”.Fans were not impressed and Cheerios quickly deleted the tweet.But Homebase didn’t even bother making it look as if they cared about anything other than promoting themselves. Brands aren’t just leveraging celebrity deaths for product placement;national tragedies also make great content opportunities.Who could forget AT&T’s twin towers tweets?In 2013,the telecommunications company posted a tweet on 11 September that showed someone holding a phone up over the Tribute in Light memorial in New York City with the caption“Never Forget”.And,after the Boston Marathon bombing in 2013,the food website Epicurious tweeted:“In honor of Boston...may we suggest:wholegrain cranberry cones!”Shoehorning your brand into a social media conversation about a tragedy may be tasteless but it is a fairly rudimentary form of griefsplotation.Far more insidious is the way in which brands are now using our personal data to target us at the moments when we’re feeling most vulnerable. Facebook has told advertisers it can identify when teenagers are feeling“stressed”,“defeated”,“overwhelmed”,“anxious”and“useless”,for example.It has also explicitly furnished advertisers with advice on how best to exploit—sorry,I mean“help”—people dealing with the grief of a breakup.Facebook’s research explains that heartbreak is the ideal marketing opportunity for those in the travel business:in the month after a newly single Facebook user has announced their breakup,there is an“increase of 25%more travel-related purchases”.Apparently“travel therapy has replaced retail therapy”:55%of people surveyed by Facebook said that travelling after their breakup helped them move on,while only 8%of people said that shoes helped them move on.To be honest,some of these people probably just aren’t buying the right shoes.I mean,if you get boots that are made for walking,then that’s just what they’ll do.Anyway,if you break up with someone and find yourself suddenly bombarded with online ads for Virgin Holidays,this is probably why.Facebook is trying to help you heal.They care.They don’t want grief to consume you,they want you to consume your way out of grief.It’s really very sweet of them.At the very least,it’s better than a slap in the face with a wet filet of fish. 9．In the passage the author quoted Mark Twain’s play Is He Dead?to________. A．remind us that the deader a person is,the better he is remembered B．give us an example that death can be used to promote selling brands C．illustrate that posthumous fame might be used to make more profits D．tell us that an artist could make more money after death 10．The expression“with the usual PR fauxpology”(para.3)is used to________. A．show McDonald’s sincere apology to the public after the incident B．reveal the particular PR posture with the marketing mind behind C．display the marketing minds of ever expanding commercialism D．criticise the practice of using family tragedy to promote brands 11．What is the writer’s attitude towards the issue discussed in the passage? A．Matter-of-fact,indifferent and neutral. B．Critical,cynical and satirical. C．Humorous,joking and explanatory. D．Lamenting and pessimistic. 12．Which of the following is NOT the example of griefsplotation? A．Consumer brands being sold with homeless people as media space. B．Involving in a social media conversation about a tragedy. C．Personal data being used to target people when they feel most vulnerable. D．Using celebrity deaths for product placement. 13．What can be concluded from the passage about Facebook? A．It promotes the use of travel therapy to replace retail therapy. B．It is quite helpful to cure people’s emotional wounds or grief. C．It can help advertisers identify teenager depression. D．It discovers more and more marketing opportunities for advertisers. Passage 4 （2526 高二上・上海大同中学・期中） Artists often dismiss business people as money-obsessed bores.Or worse,many business people,for their part,assume that artists are a bunch of ambitious wasters.Bosses may stick a few modernist paintings on their boardroom walls.But they seldom take the arts seriously as a source of inspiration. The bias(偏见)starts at business school,where“hard”things such as numbers matter a lot.It is strengthened by everyday experience.Bosses constantly remind their employees that if you can’t count it,it doesn’t count.Few read about art.Sun Tzu’s The Art of War《孙子兵法》does not count.However,some popular business books are pleased with their low quality:consider Wess Roberts’Leadership Secrets of Attila the Hun. But lately there are welcome signs of a changing on the business side of the great cultural gap.Business presses are publishing a series of books such as The Fine Art of Success,by Jamie Anderson. Mr.Anderson points out that many artists have also been superb innovators.Damien Hirst was even more enterprising.He not only realized that overnight millionaire collectors would pay extraordinary sums for dead cows and jewel-decorated skulls(头骨),but also altered the image of the art world by selling his work directly through Sotheby’s,an auction house.Whatever they think of his work,business people cannot help admiring a man who attracted art lovers to pay£75.5 million on the day when Lehman Brothers collapsed. Studying the arts can help business people communicate more eloquently(雄辩地).Most bosses spend a huge amount of time“messaging”,yet few are much good at it.Half an hour with George Orwell’s Why I Write would work wonders. Studying the arts can also help companies learn how to manage bright people.Rob Goffee of the London Business School points out that today’s most productive companies are dominated by what they call“clevers”who are the headaches to manage.They hate being told what to do by managers whom they regard as foolish.They refuse to give in to performance reviews.In short,they are prima donnas. Studying the art world might even hold out the biggest prize of helping business become more innovative.Companies are searching the world for new ideas.In their hunt for creativity,they surely have something to learn from the creative industries.Look at how modern artists adapted to the arrival of photography,a technology that could have made them unneeded,or how J.K.Rowling kept trying even when publishers rejected her novel. 14．Which book might be considered by the author as having the least value? A．The Art of War B．Leadership Secret s of Attila the Hun C．The Fine Art of success D．Why I Write 15．According to the passage,which of the following is NOT cited as a direct benefit for business people who study the arts? A．Improved ability to attract and manage highly intelligent,creative employees. B．Enhanced communication skills and more effective messaging. C．A proven methodology for increasing quarterly shareholder profits. D．A potential pathway to greater innovation and creative problem-solving. 16．Which of the following can be inferred from the article? A．In business schools,students are taught to overlook things that can be counted. B．The best way for bosses to manage clever employees is to show them art works. C．By reading George Orwell’s Why I Write,bosses can type messages more quickly. D．Damien Hirst had a business mind and sold his art works at an incredibly high price. 17．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Artists’Bias against Business B．The Integration of Business and Art C．The Effect of Innovation on Companies D．A Booming Art Market Passage 5 （2526 高二上・上海复旦附中・期中） The term“voluntourism”often evokes images of earnest Western youths building schools in sun-drenched,impoverished villages.I was once one of them,my motivation an ambiguous blend of altruism and a thirst for an“authentic”experience that transcended the typical tourist itinerary.My destination was a small coastal community in Southeast Asia,where I had paid a substantial fee to assist in a sea turtle conservation project for four weeks. Upon arrival,a creeping disillusionment began to set in.The project was less about hands-on conservation and more a well-orchestrated simulation for volunteers.Our days consisted of being handed rakes at dawn to meticulously level the beach,a task we were told was crucial for identifying new turtle tracks.Yet,we often saw the same tracks we had carefully smoothed over the day before,untouched.Our tasks were monotonous and of questionable utility:raking the same patch of sand repeatedly to make it appear perfectly tidy for the nesting turtles—a practice the local staff admitted was largely performative.Once,the excitement was palpable when a nest was identified;we gathered around,hoping to carefully relocate the eggs to the safer,shaded hatchery.But we were only permitted to watch from a distance.The delicate work of monitoring nests and handling hatchlings was reserved solely for the full-time,local biologists.We were mere bystanders,our presence justified more by our financial contribution than any tangible labor. The most profound unease,however,stemmed from a conversation with a soft-spoken local biologist,Mr.Tan.Over sweetened tea,he confessed,with a tone of diplomatic resignation,that the constant rotation of unskilled volunteers was often more disruptive than beneficial.“The funds are vital,”he acknowledged,“I once spent a whole morning supervising a group who were‘building a protective fence.’It collapsed in the first high tide.My team and I had to rebuild it properly that night.The expectation is that we must always have‘work’for you to do,even if we have to invent it.It sometimes distracts from our real research.”His words laid bare the uncomfortable economics of our endeavor:we were not saviors but paying customers,purchasing the illusion of purpose and a portfolio of photographs that screamed benevolent worldliness.This transactional nature of the relationship made me question the very foundation of my presence there,reducing a complex ecological and social context to a backdrop for my own moral and existential theater. I left with no illusions of having“saved the turtles.”Instead,I carried the weight of a complicated lesson:that the desire to do good is not synonymous with actually doing good,and that the most ethical form of aid might sometimes be the simplest—financial support,channeled directly to those who know best how to use it,unburdened by the need to host and entertain a rotating cast of well-meaning amateurs.The romanticized narrative of the Western savior,I realized,is a difficult one to dismantle,as it is so deeply embedded in our collective consciousness and so flattering to our own self-perception. 18．The author’s original intention in joining the program was rooted in________. A．an urge to escape routine and pursue adventure B．a mix of selfless impulse and a quest for novelty C．external financial incentives and social obligation D．a blend of professional ambition and academic curiosity 19．What does the underlined phrase“a well-orchestrated simulation”（para.2）imply about the volunteer project? A．It was artificially constructed for the benefit of the volunteers. B．It was structured to be both highly educational and rich in skills. C．It was a commercial enterprise exploiting volunteers financially. D．It was carefully planned to provide a safe and rewarding experience. 20．According to Mr.Tan,what was the main downside of the constant flow of volunteers? A．It gradually drained the project’s limited financial reserves. B．It generated cultural misunderstandings with the local community. C．It consumed time and manpower to create and supervise unnecessary tasks. D．It introduced persistent communication challenges that hindered real research. 21．The author’s ultimate realization can be summarized as an understanding that________. A．personal growth is an unintended yet valuable byproduct of failed endeavors B．critiquing the flaws of international aid is a necessary step towards its reform C．effective help must prioritize local expertise and minimize disruptive interference D．well-intentioned human intervention may accidentally accelerate ecological decline 话题2个人经历（共4篇） Passage 1 （2526 高二上・上海崇明中学・期中） My phone vibrates awake,disturbing my baby,who has just fallen asleep after an hour of my shushing.It’s a WhatsApp message from a mum friend.Another buzz,then another.Everyone is up,sleepless,and typing. My own baby cries as I turn over in bed to calm him down,flicking open my messages to catch up on the gossip as I do so.One mum is asking about the right medication dosage for a teething nine-month-old,while another wants to know what time we’re meeting tomorrow.Someone else has just forwarded an Instagram post about motherhood and the power of women.But I don’t feel powerful and,right now,I really can’t do this.It’s 3:07 a.m.I’m tired,overwhelmed and,thanks to the glaring blue light of my phone,wide awake. It’s in this moment that I make my change,swiping my finger down from the top right-hand corner of my phone to bring up its control centre;thumbing,wildly,at the little crescent(月牙形的)moon icon that stops notifications in their tracks,and hanging up my virtual door sign:Do Not Disturb. That was three years ago,and I’ve only flipped the door sign back around on a few occasions:when waiting for callbacks from doctors,for example,or if I’ve pre-arranged a phone call with a contact.Instead,in the main,my notifications remain firmly,resolutely,off.I do not want to be disturbed;nor,actually,do I want my phone to demand as much of my attention as my now toddler or his new baby brother do. I’ve still had to work on my self-discipline,so that I don’t spend all my time checking my phone to see what I’ve missed.This is,arguably,the hardest part—the temptation of a potential unread message can be profound—but I remain convinced the net gain to my wellbeing,my sleep and my parenting is positive.My phone is still a big part of my life but it doesn’t intrude on my living as much as it once did. I think—I hope—my change has made me a better,more present mother.There are,after all,few things that seek quite as much attention as toddlers and WhatsApp groups.If I had to choose,I’d rather give that attention to the three-year-old than a phone that rings with alerts that seem urgent but,really,are anything but. 1．How did the author feel when deciding to make a change three years ago? A．Frustrated by the constant notifications. B．Eager to change her phone immediately. C．Confident that the change would improve her parenting. D．Indifferent and not particularly affected by the situation. 2．By saying“I’ve only flipped the door sign back around on a few occasions”(para.4),the author means________. A．she avoids checking her phone altogether B．she frequently switches her phone notifications back on C．she seldom keeps her door open for fear of being disturbed D．she only allows notifications when it’s absolutely necessary 3．What can you infer from the passage? A．The author sacrificed immediate connection for better phone habits. B．The author believes avoiding phone notifications is essential for earning more money. C．The author finds phone notifications helpful and plans to turn them back on. D．The author regretted limiting her notifications and missed important messages. 4．Which section or column is this passage most likely to be taken from? A．Health and wellness strategies. B．Parenting advice and tips. C．Personal experiences with technology. D．Opinions on social media habits. Passage 2 （2526 高二上・上海闵行中学・期中） The train was speeding onward and the plains of Texas were pouring eastward. A newly married pair had boarded this coach at San Antonio.The man’s face was reddened from many days in the wind and sun,and a direct result of his new black clothes was that from time to time he looked down respectfully at his clothes.He sat with a hand on each knee,like a man waiting in a barber’s shop.The glace she devoted to other passengers were shy.The bride was not pretty.She wore a dress of blue cashmere.She continually twisted her head to regard her puff sleeves.They embarrassed her.The blushes（脸红）caused by the careless glances of some passengers as she had entered the car were strange to see. They were evidently very happy.“Ever been in a parlor-car（特等火车）before?”he asked,smiling with delight. “No,”she answered;“I never was.It’s fine，ain’t it?” “Great!And then after a while we’ll go forward to the dinner.Fresh meal in the world.Charge a dollar.” “Oh,do they?”cried the bride.“Charge a dollar?Why，that’s too much—for us—ain’t it,Jack?” Later he explained to her about the trains.“You see,if s a thousand miles from one end of Texas to the other;and this runs right across it,and never stops but four times.”He had the pride of an owner.He pointed out to her the dazzling fittings of the coach;and in truth her eyes opened wider and she watched the sea-green velvet（丝绒人）,the shining bronze，silver,and glass,the wood that glowed as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil.At one end a bronze statue held a support for a separated room,and on the ceiling were frescos（壁画）in olive and silver. To the minds of the pair,their surroundings reflected the glory of their marriage that morning in San Antonio:this was the environment of their new estate;and the man’s face in particular shone with an elation（得意）that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter.This porter at times surveyed them with an amused and superior grin.On other occasions he bullied them with skill in ways that did not make it easy to them that they were being bullied.He oppressed them.But of this oppression they had small knowledge,and infrequently,a number of travelers covered them with stares of derisive（嘲讽的）enjoyment. At last they went to the dining-car.Two rows of Negro waiters,in glowing white suits,surveyed their entrance with the interest.The pair fell to the seats of a waiter who happened to feel pleasure in steering them through their meal.He viewed them with the manner of a fatherly guide,his face radiant with kindness.The service,coupled with the ordinary deference（毕恭毕敬），was rare to them.And yet,as they returned to their coach,they showed in their faces a sense of escape. 5．The description of the couple's clothes and behaviour seems to indicate that they had a sense of____. A．superiority B．awkwardness C．despair D．satisfaction 6．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The interior of the coach was luxurious and modem. B．The Negro porter was very helpful to the couple. C．It was the first time for the couple to take a train in Texas. D．Some passengers on the train took the couple as an object of fun. 7．What does the underlined word“surveyed”mean in the 8th paragraph? A．monitored B．observed C．searched D．investigated 8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The waiter was indifferent to the couple. B．The couple felt uneasy at dinner. C．The service was satisfactory. D．The couple enjoyed the dinner. Passage 3 （2526 高二上・上海曹杨第二中学・期中） Brutus speaks at a pulpit. Be patient till the last. Romans,countrymen and lovers,hear me for my cause,and be silent that you may hear.Believe me for mine honour,and have respect to mine honour that you may believe.Censure(谴责)me in your wisdom,and awake your senses that you may the better judge.If there be any in this assembly,any dear friend of Caesar’s,to him I say that Brutus’s love to Caesar was no less than his.If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar,this is my answer:Not that I loved Caesar less,but that I loved Rome more.Had you rather Caesar were living,and die all slaves,than that Caesar were dead,to live all freemen?As Caesar loved me,I weep for him.As he was fortunate,I rejoiced at it.As he was valiant(英勇坚决的),I honour him.But,as he was ambitious,I slew(杀戮)him. There are tears for his love,joy for his fortune,honour for his valour,and death for his ambition.Who is here so base that would be a bondman(奴隶)?If any,speak,for him have I offended.Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman?If any,speak,for him have I offended.Who is here so vile that will not love his country?If any,speak,for him have I offended.I pause for a reply. Antony mounts the pulpit. Friends,Romans,countrymen,give me your attention.I have come here to bury Caesar,not to praise him.The evil that men do is remembered after their deaths,but the good is often buried with them.It might as well be the same with Caesar.The noble Brutus told you that Caesar was ambitious.If that’s true,it’s a serious fault,and Caesar has paid seriously for it.With the permission of Brutus and the others—for Brutus is an honourable man;they are all honourable men—I have come here to speak at Caesar’s funeral.He was my friend;he was faithful and just to me.But Brutus says he was ambitious,and Brutus is an honourable man.He brought many captives home to Rome,whose ransoms brought wealth to the city. Is this the work of an ambitious man?When the poor cried,Caesar cried too.Ambition shouldn’t be so soft.Yet Brutus says he was ambitious,and Brutus is an honourable man.You all saw that on the Lupercal feast day,I offered him a king’s crown three times,and he refused it three times.Was this ambition?Yet Brutus says he was ambitious.And,no question,Brutus is an honourable man.I am not here to disprove what Brutus has said,but to say what I know.You all loved him once,and not without reason.Then what reason holds you back from mourning him now?Men have become British beasts and lost their reason!Bear with me.My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar,and I must pause until it returns to me.(He weeps.) Only yesterday the word of Caesar might have stood against the world.Now he lies there worth nothing,and no one is so humble as to show him respect.Oh,sirs,if I stirred your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage,I would offend Brutus and Cassius,who,you all know,are honourable men.I will not do them wrong.I would rather wrong the dead,and wrong myself and you,than wrong such honourable men. 9．How does Brutus feel about the death of Caesar? A．He deeply regrets his actions. B．He feels glad now that Caesar is dead. C．He feels it is justified as Caesar is ambitious. D．He feels it is justified as Caesar doesn’t like him. 10．What is correct about Brutus’s love for Caesar? A．He loves Caesar more than Rome. B．He loves Rome more than he does Caesar. C．He doesn’t love Caesar at all,but hates him. D．It is not strong enough to make him cry over Caesar’s death. 11．Which statement about Antony’s speech is false? A．Antony disagrees with Brutus. B．Antony is glad that Caesar is dead. C．Antony refuses to let Caesar be ambitious. D．Antony does not think that Caesar was a tyrant. 12．How does Antony primarily achieve his persuasive effect in his speech? A．By listing Caesar’s accomplishments and repeatedly questioning Brutus’s“honour.” B．By openly accusing Brutus of treason. C．By urging the crowd to immediate violence. D．By comparing Caesar to historical heroes. Passage 4 （2526 高二上・上海大同中学・期中） On our 20th anniversary,Susan and I headed off for a few days to a lovely valley about an hour away.We didn’t know much about the town,but that was fine.Our goal was really just to renew our faith in each other. We began by stocking up at the quirky Village Market in Glen Ellen,California.Within minutes,friendly locals spotted us and started chatting in the aisles with charming tips.You gotta hike to Jack London’s house.Oh,dinner at the Fig Café.Hours later,having followed their yellow brick road all day,we walked,delirious,back from dinner to our creekside inn.“I think I could live here,”Susan said. It turns out that Glen Ellen’s contagious spirit was not our passing illusion.In October 2017,the Nuns Fire bore down on this town near Santa Rosa.An astounding 183 of Glen Ellen’s 750 or so homes burned down.Among them was Jill Dawson’s place,just across the creek from the inn to which we had returned the next anniversary,and four more in turn.I called Jill after reading her family’s story.She sounded just like the spirited,generous type Susan and I have loved meeting in Glen Ellen. After the fire,she told me,her family’s prospects for staying in the town looked bleak.But residents mobilized on Facebook and in the Village Market to brainstorm how to house one another. Hearing of their plight,some neighbors who barely knew the Dawsons placed two new trailers next to their house,which hadn’t burned,for Jill’s family. “Their name is the Fosters,and I tell them,‘You just can’t help it,’”Jill says,laughing at her own pun.Jill and her husband,Art,have lived in one of the trailers for a year while sorting through how to rebuild.They are only two of the many residents who were able to remain close thanks to their neighbors’selflessness.“I’m grateful for little Glen Ellen,”Jill says.“The amount of passionate people and grassroots efforts working to keep this place supportive is amazing.The kindness thing,it’s still huge here.” In kicking off our annual Nicest Place in America search,let Glen Ellen be just one example.So many cities,workplaces,churches,schools,and other locations thrive because,well,“the kindness thing,it’s still huge.”Please take the time to go to RD．COM/NICEST to tell us about one you love.Thank you! 13．What did the author think of Glen Ellen during his several trips there? A．He found Glen Ellen to be a dynamic town with rapid development. B．He had mixed feelings about Glen Ellen,both positive and negative. C．He thought Glen Ellen was a place which deepened faith in her wife. D．He developed a positive impression of its welcoming community spirit. 14．How did the Glen Ellen community respond to the Nuns Fire in October 2017? A．They relied solely on government aid for recovery efforts. B．They spontaneously formed a neighborhood watch program. C．They held a series of fundraisers to help the affected families. D．They largely depended on assistance from distant communities. 15．Which of the following is the right understanding of““Their name is the Fosters,and I tell them,‘You just can’t help it,’”Jill says,laughing at her own pun.”? A．Jim is making a lighthearted comment about the Fosters’inborn generosity. B．Jill is implying that Fosters lack competence to give a helping hand to others. C．Jill is hinting that the Fosters might not always display the same level of kindness. D．Jill is expressing his sincere gratitude for Fosters’constant and generous assistance. 16．What is the writing purpose of the passage? A．To highlight Glen Ellen’s tradition of community support and kindness. B．To demonstrate the author’s personal perspectives in community building. C．To present how people in Glen Ellen overcame difficulties with joint efforts. D．To encourage readers to reflect on and share their own experiences of kindness. 话题3 旅游观光（共4篇） Passage 1 （2526 高二上・上海控江中学・期中） Gray Line Discover Brisbane and surrounds with Gray Line Brisbane.Their wide range of tours in air-conditioned coaches,combined with the guide’s expert knowledge,ensures a day to remember. Brisbane City Morning Tour(tour B481)Departs:daily 9:00 am. Returns:11:45 am. Adult Concession Child $69 $67 $45 Discover this vibrant city with its charming architecture,colonial history and enjoy the sweeping views of the city and Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs. ·Cathedral Square·Parliament House·Windmill·Anzac Square·City Hall·Chinatown ·Captain Cook and Story Bridge Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary(tour B492)Departs:daily 1:15pm. Returns:5:00 pm. Adult Concession Child $76 $74 $54 Tour the highlights of Brisbane and travel to Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary situated on the banks of the Brisbane River for a chance to get up close and personal with the animals. ·Queen Street Mall·Southbank·Anzac Square·Suncorp Stadium·Brewery·Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary and presentation·Mt Cootha Lookout Sunshine Coast and Noosa(tour B464)Departs:Monday,Wednesday,Friday and Sunday 8:45am Returns:5:30 pm. Adult Concession Child $111 $106 $72 The Sunshine Coast is renowned for its magnificent seaside,sophisticated lifestyle,dining experience and shopping.Also includes a visit to Underwater World and a drive through Eumundi,famous for its historic buildings and scenic beauty. Noosa Heads·Mooloolaba·Underwater World·Ettamogah Pub Sunshine Coast and Montville(tour B410)Departs:Tuesday,Thursday and Saturday 8:45am. Returns:5:30 pm. Adult Concession Child $107 $102 $67 This tour takes you through the rich heritage of the spectacular Sunshine Coast hinterland with visits to Montville famous for its craft shops and restaurants,and Mooloolaba. home to Underwater world·Ginger Factory·Superbee·Montville Village·Mooloolaba Price includes fully air-conditioned touring,entry fees and CBD hotel pickup.Child policy:under 4 years－free of charge,4-14 years－as quoted above.Exclusion date 25/12/16(for other dates please check with your consultant). 1．If you wish to complete two tours in one day,you would probably choose_________. A．Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary Tour B．Brisbane City Morning Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary Tour C．Brisbane City Morning Tour and Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour D．Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour and Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Visitors may learn the colonial history of Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs. B．Visitors may have a close look at animals in Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour. C．If you want to visit Underwater World,you may choose Brisbane City Morning Tour. D．If 2 adults and 2 children,aged 3 and 9,attend tour B410,they should pay$281. 3．What is the tone of this tour guide information booklet? A．Welcoming and humorous. B．Warm and inviting. C．Modest and initiative. D．Casual and compulsory. Passage 2 （2526 高二上・上海闵行中学・期中） Wonders of Australia 22 days from only£6.245 per person Day 1:Depart UK Days 2-5:Singapore Enjoy a city tour including Merlion Park,Marina Bay,and fabulous gardens.As an alternative,you may choose to stop in Dubai at no extra cost. Days 6-11:Melbourne Visit Victoria Markets and Federation Square.Perhaps take an optional excursion to explore Fairy Penguin Parade. Day 12-14:The Ghan Experience one of the world’s most impressive rail journeys.Covering 1,555 kilometres,we see the everchanging landscape as we journey north.Enjoy all inclusive Gold Service with on board meals included as are a wide selection of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks. Day 15-17:Uluru(Ayers Rock)We enjoy a refreshing glass of sparkling wine and witness the changing colours as the sun sets.There is a chance to explore the rock in the morning,before visiting the impressive Olgas. Days 18-21:Cairns&The Great Barrier Reef Dive in the sheltered coral lake and view the reef from underwater observatory.Lunch is included.Optional tours on our Freedom Days in Cairns include a scenic railway journey to Kuranda,and a day trip to the nearby World Heritage listed Daintree Rainforest. Day 22:Arrive UK We arrive at your chosen airport,bringing an end to our incredible adventure. Departure Dates Stopover Offer Price Per Person Availability 28 Jul 2024 - £5,895 7 Rooms 06 Oct 2024 £29pp £6,495 New Date 10 Nov 2024 £29pp £6,495 New Date 23 Feb 2025 £29pp £6,495 New Date 08 Mar 2025 £29pp £6,495 New Date 05 Apr 2025 £29pp £6,245 New Date 26 Jul 2025 £29pp £6,795 New Date Book by 30th April 2024 and enjoy a twin room for a two-night stopover from only£29 per person(£48 for single occupancy).Stopover choices are Singapore,Bangkok,Dubai,or Bali and include return transfers and four-star accommodation with breakfast. For more details and full booking conditions,please request a brochure or visit www.distantjourneys.co.uk. Call FREE for a brochure 0800 141 3719. 4．If Karen is addicted to railway journeys,________are most likely to be her favourites. A．Cairns and the Ghan B．Uluru and Melbourne C．Melbourne and the Ghan D．Cairns and the Great Barrier Reef 5．If you have decided to join the tour,which of the following statements is true? A．You may be charged an extra£349 in total for daily breakfasts. B．You will enjoy a day trip to Daintree Rainforest,a world heritage. C．You may choose to stop in both Singapore and Dubai at no extra cost. D．You will be offered a meal with drinks when heading north by train in the Ghan. 6．If Jonathan and his two male friends,who have booked the travel,will depart UK on April 5th,2025,with a two-night stopover in Bangkok,then at least how much will they have to pay for the whole trip in total? A．£17,791 B．£18,822 C．£18,841 D．£19,572 Passage 3 （25‑26 高二上・上海控江中学・期中） Best things to do in Rome Italy 1.Places to visit:Colosseum The number 1 attraction of Rome is the Colosseum;the large amphitheater(竞技场)that housed 65,000 audiences in Roman days.Gladiators(角斗士)battled each other as well as wild animals in the Colosseum’s arena(角斗场),which is considered one of the seven modern wonders of the world.In the giant“ruins”of the Colosseum,you can visit the stands,the arena and the underground spaces of the largest Roman amphitheater. Warning:Owing to the huge number of visitors,it is always necessary to book Colosseum tickets in advance.You have 3 options for tickets:book combitickets including the Roman Forum,book a Colosseum guided tour and the most popular option is to compare the different Rome City Passes. 2.Trevi Fountain of Rome The most famous fountain in the capital of Italy and perhaps even the world must be the“Fontana di Trevi”,or Trevi Fountain.This baroque fountain,located on the Piazza di Trevi,was built in the 18th century and a must-see at the list of“best things to do in Rome”.The landmark and monument displays the god of the sea,Neptune on his chariot(马车).No visit or Rome sightseeing is complete without throwing a coin in the Trevi Fountain,as this means the person will“one day return to Rome Italy”. 3.Must see:Pantheon One of the best maintained buildings from Roman times is the Pantheon.What function the building had in those days is still not clear,but the Pantheon was given to the pope(教皇)by emperor Hadrian in 608.The current church has several unique funerary monuments(painter Raphael and a few Italian kings),as well as a remarkably large and open dome(屋顶). 7．What can we learn about the Colosseum from the passage? A．It has been restored from ruins to welcome more visitors. B．Booking tickets beforehand is strongly recommended. C．Visitors can tour diverse arenas in Rome with a combiticket. D．It is the only one of the seven modern wonders in Rome. 8．What do these three scenic spots have in common according to the passage? A．They all have a long history dating back to Roman times. B．The Rome City Pass includes entry to these three attractions. C．The three spots serve completely different roles and purposes. D．They are all located in the downtown area in the center of Rome. 9．Where is this text most probably taken from? A．An art history textbook. B．A personal travel blog. C．A travel guide website. D．A local museum brochure. Passage 4 （25‑26 高二上・上海徐汇上海中学・期中） The Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek The Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek is a charming adventure that showcases the breathtaking beauty of the Annapurna region in Nepal.This trek combines the renowned circuit with a visit to Tilicho Lake,one of the highest lakes in the world,offering an adventure through stunning landscapes and cultural treasures.Major Attractions of Annapurna Tilicho Lake Trek A major highlight is the climb to Tilicho Lake(4,919 meters),a pure alpine oasis situated among towering peaks.The trail also leads to the sacred Muktinath Temple(3,710 meters),a site of deep significance for both Hindus and Buddhists.The journey peaks in the exciting crossing of Thorong La Pass(5,416 meters),the highest pass in the world.Along the way,trekkers are treated to stunning views of snow-capped peaks,glacial lakes,and diverse terrain.Trekking Difficulty and Fitness Requirement The trek presents a moderate to challenging level of difficulty.You must possess good physical endurance to navigate rugged terrain for 5 to 8 hours daily.Getting accustomed to high altitude is crucial to minimize sickness.The trail includes steep ascents and descents,and crossing glacial streams.While technical climbing skills are not required,prior hiking experience and adequate fitness are necessary.Best Time for Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek The trek is best experienced during either the spring(March to May)or the autumn(September to November).Both seasons offer favorable weather,clear skies,and stunning views.Spring features vibrant rhododendron(杜鹃花)blooms,while autumn boasts stable weather and golden leaves. Despite its challenges,the rewards are immeasurable.From the warmth of Nepalese hospitality in teahouses to the profound sense of achievement,this trek offers an unforgettable journey of adventure and discovery in the heart of the Himalayas. We offer opportunities to customize your trip!Consider adding a Kathmandu sightseeing tour,other adventure activities,or day trips around Nepal before or after your trek.Feel free to contact us.(Please understand that our travel plan might need adjustments due to unforeseen circumstances like flight delays,weather conditions,or natural disasters.In such cases,we’ll work diligently to find the best alternative solutions to ensure you have a safe and enjoyable trek.Your cooperation and flexibility are highly appreciated during these times.) 10．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge of the trek? A．Crossing glacial streams. B．Adapting to high altitudes. C．Technical climbing requirements. D．Long daily walking hours. 11．What can be concluded about the Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek from the passage? A．It is a suitable trek for people of all fitness levels. B．It focuses more on scenery than cultural experiences. C．It requires both physical preparedness and mental flexibility. D．It is most dangerous during the cold winter seasons. 12．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To promote and celebrate the unique culture of Nepal. B．To attract tourists to join a trek in the Annapurna region. C．To analyze the geography and ecosystems of Tilicho Lake. D．To warn about the safety risks of high-altitude trekking. 话题4 人工智能（共4篇） Passage 1 （2526 高二上・上海松江一中・期中） Sophia is a truly multi-talented robot,showcasing abilities in conversation,humor,singing,and artistic creation.Her entry into the art scene caused a stir earlier when a digital artwork,co-created by her and sold as a non-fungible token(NFT)(非同质化代币),fetched an impressive$688,888.This event underscored the growing fascination with NFTs within the art market,where digital content ownership is traded. The artwork in question,“Sophia Instantiation”,was born from a collaboration with Italian artist Andrea Bonaceto.Sophia took Bonaceto’s vivid portrait of her and,through her advanced neural networks,transformed it into a unique digital piece.This was complemented by a physical painting also crafted by Sophia,demonstrating her dual capability in both digital and traditional art forms. Sophia is the brainchild of David Hanson,a former Disney Imagineer.Modeled after the iconic Audrey Hepburn and Hanson’s wife,Sophia is a humanoid robot designed to mimic human social interactions,engage in meaningful conversations,and recognize individuals.Since her debut in 2016,Sophia has become a global sensation.She has been featured in numerous TV interviews,spoken at prestigious conferences,graced the cover of ELLE magazine,and even made history as the first robot to receive citizenship—Saudi Arabian,no less. Yet,for Hanson,Sophia’s public engagements are just the beginning.He sees a vast potential for her in various creative fields,with music being a prime candidate.Currently,Sophia is actively involved in the“Sophia Pop”project,where she is collaborating with human musicians to compose original music and lyrics.This partnership between human and artificial intelligence is breaking new ground,merging different forms of creativity to produce something truly innovative. Sophia’s evolution from an art-creating robot to a potential musical artist highlights the incredible advancements in AI and robotics.Her ability to adapt and excel in diverse creative domains not only showcases her versatility but also opens up exciting possibilities for the future of human-AI collaboration.As Sophia continues to push the boundaries of what robots can achieve,she paves the way for a new era of creativity and innovation. 1．What does the word‌“humanoid”in the article most likely mean? A．A machine that looks like a human. B．A type of digital artwork. C．A robot designed for space exploration. D．A computer program that mimics human thought. 2．How did Sophia contribute to the creation of the digital artwork titled“Sophia Instantiation”? A．She designed the entire artwork by herself. B．She collaborated with Italian artist Andrea Bonaceto by processing his work through her neural networks. C．She only provided the idea for the artwork. D．She painted the physical artwork entirely on her own. 3．What can be inferred about Sophia’s future from the article? A．She will only focus on creating more digital art. B．She will stop appearing in media and conferences. C．She might expand her talents into the field of music. D．She will be replaced by a newer model of robot soon. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the article? A．The Rise of NFTs in the Art Market B．Sophia:The Multi-Talented Robot C．The Evolution of Digital Art D．David Hanson:Creator of Sophia Passage 2 （2526 高二上・上海嘉定一中、晋元高级中学・期中） Five of the Smartest Robots in History 1966 ELIZA One of the first example of a chatterbot.When running a script labelled with DOCTOR,ELIZA could ask and answer questions like a psychotherapist.It didn’t understand a great deal,but with some clever programming was still able to convince many users of its intelligence. 1994 VIRTUAL CREATURES Computer artist and researcher Karl Sims created a group of virtual creatures that lived in their own virtual universe.Using genetic algorithms(算法),they evolved until they could swim,crawl,jump and compete against one another.Unfortunately,they were too concerned with their own virtual lives to talk to us. 1997 DEEP BLUE Deep Blue was thrown into public consciousness when it won a chess game against grandmaster Garry Kasparov—the first supercomputer to make such a great achievement.However,it was given a lot of help from human programmers and used pretty basic AI methods to think of its moves,so maybe it was not so bright after all. 2011 IBM WATSON IBM Watson was the first AI that beat human players at US TV quiz show Jeopardy!.This AI was clever enough to process text and then found likely answers to the question asked using its internal body of knowledge,which consisted of around 200 million pages of content.Sadly,it struggled to answer some basic questions. 2015 DEEP-Q NETWORK This earlier work from the team behind AlphaGo,the AI that defeated a master of the complex Japanese strategy game Go,learned how to play 49 classic Atari games just by looking at the screen—it didn’t get any help from programmers.While it was brilliant at a lot of the games,it couldn’t get the hang of Pac-Man. 5．Which pair of robots introduced above were actually unintelligent? A．ELIZA and DEEP BLUE. B．DEEP BLUE and IBM WATSON. C．DEEP-Q NETWORK and ELIZA． D．IBM WATSON and DEEP-Q NETWORK. 6．DEEP BLUE and DEEP-Q NETWORK differ from each other in________. A．how many methods they can apply B．whether they have the ability to learn C．whether they have beaten human players D．how they have caught the public attention 7．Which of the following statements is true of VIRTUAL CREATURES? A．They looked like space creatures. B．They were unable to respond to people. C．They could swim as soon as they were created. D．They led to the application of genetic algorithms. Passage 3 （2526 高二上・上海复旦附中・期中） On holiday,many will find themselves in places where they do not speak the language.Once upon a time,they might have carried a phrasebook.The rise of English has made that less necessary.But most people—at least seven of the world’s eight billion—still do not speak English.That leaves options like pantomime,a willingness to be surprised by what arrives at dinner—or,increasingly,technology. More and more people are using simple,free tools,not only to decode text but also to speak.With these apps’conversation mode,you talk into a phone and a spoken translation is heard moments later;the app can also listen for another language and produce a translation in yours. You may still get a surprise or two.Google Translate may be the best-known name in machine translation,but it often blunders.Take“my wife is gluten-free,”the kind of thing you might say at a restaurant abroad.In French or Italian,Google Translate renders this as“my wife is without gluten”—true to the words rather than the meaning.DeepL,a rival,does better,offering various options,most of them along the correct lines. The best tool may not be a translation app at all.Though not marketed for the purpose,ChatGPT,a generative AI system that churns out prose according to users’prompts,is multilingual.Rather than entering an exact text to translate,users can tell ChatGPT to“write a message in Spanish to a waiter that my wife and I would like the tasting menu,but that she is gluten-free,so we would like substitutions for anything that has gluten.”And out pops a perfect paragraph,including the way Spanish-speaking speakers actually say“my wife is gluten-free”:mi esposa es celíaca.It is a paraphrase rather than a translation,more like having a native-speaking dinner companion than an automated interpreter. Travel has long been a motivator for study—unless people start to feel AI tools offer a good-enough service.Some are concerned that apps are turning language acquisition into a dwindling pursuit.Douglas Hofstadter,a polyglot(通晓多门语言的人),has argued that something profound will vanish when people talk through machines.He describes giving a halting,difficult speech in Mandarin,which required a lot of work but offered a sense of accomplishment at the end.Who would boast of taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest? Others are less worried.Most people do not move abroad or have the kind of sustained contact with a foreign culture that requires them to put in the work to become fluent.Nor do most people learn languages for the purpose of humanising themselves or training their brains.On their holiday,they just want a beer and the spaghetti carbonara without incident(and sometimes without gluten). As AI translation becomes an even more popular labour-saving tool,people will split into two groups.There will be those who want to stretch their minds,immerse themselves in other cultures or force their thinking into new pathways.This lot will still take on language study,often aided by technology.Others will look at learning a new language with a mix of admiration and puzzlement,as they might with extreme endurance sports:“Good for you,if that’s your thing,but a bit painful for my taste.” 8．According to the passage,what is a key advantage of ChatGPT over dedicated translation apps like Google Translate? A．It can process and translate spoken dialogue in real-time. B．It is specifically marketed and designed for travel purposes. C．It supports a significantly wider array of languages than its competitors. D．It understands and conveys the intent behind a request,not just the words. 9．What can be inferred from Douglas Hofstadter’s analogy of“taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest”? A．The goal of language learning,like climbing a mountain,should be the practical outcome rather than the process itself. B．People who use AI for communication will eventually develop a dependency on it,similar to relying on transportation. C．The core meaning of a difficult achievement lies in the personal struggle and effort,which is devalued by using AI tools. D．AI translation,like a helicopter,is a technological marvel that makes challenging goals achievable for a wider range of people. 10．Which of the following best describes the author’s likely view on the future impact of AI translation? A．It will transform language acquisition from a practical skill into an intellectual exercise. B．It will create a divide in the language learners for practical needs and for deeper engagement. C．It will ensure that cross-cultural communication is perfectly accurate and free of surprises. D．It will eventually make the professions of human interpreters and translators redundant. 11．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Universal Translator:The Promise and Limitations of AI Translation B．Beyond Phrasebooks:How Technology is Reshaping Global Communication C．The Polyglot’s Dilemma:Preserving Linguistic Depth in an Age of Automation D．The Price of Convenience:AI and the Changing Motivation for Language Learning Passage 4 （2526 高二上・上海同济第一附中・期中） Given the buzz it’s created,there’s a good chance you’ve heard about ChatGPT.It’s an interactive chatbot powered by machine learning.The technology has basically devoured the entire Internet,reading the collective works of humanity and learning patterns in language that it can recreate.All you have to do is give it a prompt(提示),and ChatGPT can do an endless array of things:write a story in a particular style,answer a question,explain a concept,compose an email—write a college essay-and it will spit out coherent,seemingly human—written text in seconds.The technology is both awesome and terrifying. 22-year-old Edward Tian is working feverishly on a new app to combat misuse of ChatGPT. Over the last couple years,Tian has been studying an AI system called GPT-3,a predecessor to ChatGPT that was less user-friendly and largely inaccessible to the general public because it was behind a paywall.As part of his studies this fall semester,Tian researched how to detect text written by the AI system while working at Princeton’s Natural Language Processing Lab. Then,as the semester was coming to a close,OpenAI,the company behind GPT-3 and other AI tools,released ChatGPT to the public for free.For the millions of people around the world who have used it since,interacting with the technology has been like getting a peek into the future;a future that not too long ago would have seemed like science fiction. For many users of the new technology,wonderment quickly turned to alarm.How-many jobs will this kill?Will this empower nefarious(恶意的)actors and further corrupt our public discourse(公共话语)?How will this disrupt our education system?What is the point of learning to write essays at school when AI-which is expected to get exponentially better in the near future-can do that for us? Tian had an idea.What if he applied what he had learned at school over the last couple years to help the public identify whether something has been written by a machine? Tian already had the know-how and even the software on his laptop to create such a program.Ironically,this software,called GitHub Co-Pilot,is powered by GPT-3.With its assistance,Tian was able to create a new app within three days.It’s a testament to the power of this technology to make us more productive. On January 2nd,Tian released his app GPTZero.It basically uses ChatGPT against itself,checking whether“there’s zero involvement or a lot of involvement”of the AI system in creating a given text. When Tian went to bed that night,he didn’t expect much for his app.When he woke up,his phone had blown up.He saw countless texts and DMs from journalists,principals,teachers,you name it,from places as far away as France and Switzerland.His app,which is hosted by a free platform,became so popular it crashed.Excited by the popularity and purpose of his app,the hosting platform has since granted Tian the resources needed to scale the app’s services to a mass audience. 12．Which of the following statements is TRUE about GPT-3? A．It’s designed and researched by Edward Tian in Princeton University B．Not many ordinary people have used it because it is not free. C．It is in the same AI system series as ChatGPT and GPTZero. D．It used to be less user-friendly than ChatGPT but has outdone it now. 13．Wonderment at ChatGPT quickly turned to alarm because many users have the following concerns over ChatGPT EXCEPT_______. A．AI may replace human beings in the future when it comes to writing essays. B．Actors may turn bad or even evil if the new technology is adopted in acting. C．The education system may be badly impacted by the misuse of the new technology. D．Many people may be out of employment because of the new technology. 14．Principals and teachers may get interested in Edward Tian’s new app probably because_______. A．the app is hosted by a free platform which is very popular. B．they know many journalists are also very interested in it. C．they are eager to share the resources Edward Tian is granted. D．they are worried about the possibility of students cheating in writing. 15．Which of the following expressions can best describe the principle behind GPTZero? A．Harm set,harm get. B．Birds of a feather flock together. C．Fight a man with his own weapon. D．Great minds think alike. 话题5 人与环境（共3篇） Passage 1 （2526 高二上・上海崇明中学・期中） Helping Injured Birds Look for signs a bird needs help A bird that is sick or injured will look or behave differently.It may be: dirty or missing feathers unable or reluctant to fly ●limping,head tilting or breathing rapidly ●sitting in an unusual,open place and not moving when approached Most baby birds don’t need to be rescued.Some species leave the nest before they’re able to fly and spend time on the ground with their parents close by. If a bird is attacked by a cat or dog,take the bird to a vet immediately even if there’s no visible injury.Cat and dog saliva is toxic to birds and scratches can lead to infection Make it safe for you and the bird Injured wildlife can be dangerous,especially when scared or stressed.Birds can also carry diseases. Protect yourself and the bird by: ●removing any threats,such as cats and dogs ●using gloves or a towel to handle the bird ●washing your hands after handling the bird Do not handle large birds,such as owls and birds of prey—these birds have very sharp talons(爪)and can use them if they are scared or threatened.They must only be handled by trained wildlife rescuers. Take the bird to a vet or contact wildlife rescue If possible,take the bird to a vet straight away.A vet shouldn’t charge you for bringing in wildlife. If you can’t get to a vet or contain the bird yourself,contact wildlife rescue.They will give you advice and,depending on resources,may be able to rescue the bird. In Australia,you must be a licensed wildlife carer to treat wildlife.To give them the best chance of survival,get them to licenced carers as quickly as possible. Contact details for Wildlife Rescue representatives ●ACT(02)6299 1966 ●NSW 1300 094 737 ●NT(08)8988 6121 ●QLD(07)5527 2444 1．A bird that________is in desperate need of your help. A．stays on the ground with parents and is not able to fly yet B．has been attacked by dogs or cats without any visible injury C．sits in an open place and flies away upon being approached D．rolls around in dry soil or sand to remove dirt from feathers 2．Which of the following steps might be improper when helping injured birds? A．Dealing with large birds with caution. B．Never touching them with bare hands. C．Taking the bird to a licensed carer soon. D．Contacting wildlife rescue representatives. 3．What is the purpose of writing this article? A．To raise awareness of the importance of protecting wildlife. B．To encourage students to apply to be a licensed wildlife carer. C．To instruct the public how to correctly deal with injured birds. D．To call on people interested in birds to donate to their organization. Passage 2 （2526 高二上・上海崇明中学・期中） Between 1990 and 2014,forests in Europe grew by 13 million hectares,roughly the size of Greece,but this came with a cost.To meet crop demands within the European Union,forests in tropical countries had to be cleared,with about 1 million hectares lost to make up for the drop in EU production.This phenomenon,called biodiversity“leakage,”is a key issue with conservation and rewilding projects,particularly those in wealthier,lower-biodiversity nations.Andrew Balmford from the University of Cambridge,part of a group of scientists advocating for greater attention to this issue,argues that restoring nature in wealthy yet nature-depleted(耗尽的)parts of the world often shifts production of food and other goods to more wildlife-abundant regions,leading to a net loss of biodiversity.This impact is rarely tracked,meaning the benefits of such conservation efforts may be overstated. The UK,for example,is among the most nature-depleted countries,with half its biodiversity lost due to habitat destruction for buildings and fuel production.This trend is seen in other industrialized regions,including parts of Europe and North America.While conservation groups promote rewilding to restore indigenous wildlife,Balmford warns that if productive farmland in countries like the UK is rewilded,it may lead to increased habitat destruction in other regions.For example,as more biodiversity countries increase production to meet food demands,the net result could be a loss of biodiversity.Even rewilding low-grade land could negatively impact biodiversity if productive land elsewhere is used for farming. This issue,though discussed in conservation circles,is rarely addressed.One possible solution is to focus action on biodiversity nations,but this raises geopolitical challenges,says Steve Carver at the University of Leeds.For conservation to succeed,higher-income countries must lead by example,fulfilling their biodiversity obligations instead of offshoring them.Balmford suggests that a better approach could involve managing trade-offs domestically.If countries like the UK want vast wild landscapes,they must accept the costs,which may include more intensive farming or land conversion.For example,in Sierra Leone,conservationists are working with farmers to boost yields while protecting the Gola rainforest.Alister Scott from The Global Rewilding Alliance cautions against overburdening conservationists by shifting responsibility for land productivity.Instead,he advocates focusing on the root causes of land demand.Shifting the global food system to plant-based alternatives could reduce land competition,allowing both rich and poor nations to rewild.With a global change in diet,the world could meet its food needs without harming biodiversity. 4．Which of the following statements about rewilding projects is correct? A．Rewilding always results in increased food production in wealthier countries. B．Rewilding mainly involves monitoring conservation efforts to improve ecosystems. C．Rewilding efforts in nature-depleted countries always lead to a net gain in biodiversity. D．Rewilding can lead to the relocation of food production to regions with greater biodiversity. 5．The author cites the UK as an example mainly in order to________. A．emphasize the benefits rewilding has brought to UK B．highlight the challenges of rewilding in wealthy nations C．argue for more land to be set aside for wildlife in the UK D．show the effectiveness of intensive farming methods in the UK 6．According to Balmford,a better approach to conservation involves________. A．relying on other countries to manage their biodiversity B．ignoring the costs of conservation and doing anything at will C．avoiding any changes to land use in high-income countries D．wealthy countries accepting local changes for conservation 7．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．The Success of Biodiversity Efforts in the UK B．The Benefits of Rewilding in Wealthy Nations C．Balancing Conservation with Global Food Demands. D．Reducing Land Competition Through Plant-Based Diets Passage 3 （2526 高二上・上海复旦附中・期中） Water is the lifeblood of our planet,shaping our climate and supporting all life.Yet,the World Meteorological Organization(WMO)highlights a pressing reality:the global water cycle is spinning out of balance,presenting one of the most significant challenges of the 21st century. The Global Water Crisis by the Numbers The scale of the challenge is reflected in these critical data points: 70% Agriculture uses around 70%of all water withdrawals. 50% In 2022,over 50%of global catchment areas and reservoirs displayed deviations from normal conditions. 50% Around half of the world’s population experiences severe water scarcity for at least some part of the year. 700 000+ Droughts between 1970and 2019 led to 0ver 700,000 drought-related deaths and over 260 billion USD of economic losses. 74% Between 2001 and 2018,around 74%of all natural disasters were water related. 1.8 billion Around 1.8 billion people face significant flood risk worldwide. WMO’s Response:Data for a Water-Secure Future In response to these interconnected crises,WMO focuses on providing authoritative data and forecasts to support global water management.Key initiatives include: ●The Global Water Report:An annual assessment offering a consolidated overview of the world’s freshwater resources. ●Operational Forecasting:Delivering vital information on river flow,groundwater,and soil moisture to support climate adaptation. ●The HydroSOS System:Implementing the Hydrological Status and Outlook System to provide real-time assessment and prediction of water conditions at a global and regional scale. A Call for Integrated Action WMO underscores that solving the water crisis requires bridging critical gaps.Many nations lack the capacity to monitor their water resources effectively,and water policies are often underfunded and fragmented.The path forward lies in strengthened international cooperation,improved data sharing,and significant investment in monitoring technology and infrastructure to ensure water security for all. 8．According to the data panel,which of the following statements is accurate? A．The economic losses caused by droughts from 1970 to 2019 exceeded 700 billion USD． B．The majority of the world’s population suffers from severe water scarcity throughout the entire year. C．In 2022,the water levels in most of the world’s catchment areas and reservoirs remained within the normal range. D．Water-related disasters accounted for nearly three-quarters of all natural disasters in the first 18 years of this century. 9．What is the primary purpose of this web page? A．To showcase the organization’s success in predicting major water-related disasters. B．To advertise a newly launched international project for sustainable water conservation. C．To raise funds for the victims of droughts and floods who are living in water-stressed countries. D．To present a gloomy picture of global water challenges and the scientific response led by WMO. 10．Imagine you are a government official in a region that experiences both seasonal floods and droughts.Based on the passage,which WMO initiative would be most directly useful for your planning? A．The key parameters like groundwater levels and climate dynamics in Operational Forecasting. B．The HydroSOS system’s assessment and prediction of water conditions. C．The precise global figures on populations exposed to flood and drought risks. D．The detailed global statistics on freshwater resources in the Global Water Report. 本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍夏威夷的创新环保项目：将海洋塑料垃圾混入沥青用来铺路，以此处理海岛塑料污染。 【新素材·夏威夷的创新环保项目】In Hawaii,researchers are literally paving the roads with good intentions.They have come up with an innovative method for putting the island’s plastic pollution to work,covering its roads with asphalt(沥青)mixed with plastic waste. While plastic paving initiatives are happening in places like Missouri and Texas,the project in Hawaii is the first to use marine waste.It is designed to solve the islands’unique exposure to discarded fishing gear,tourist waste and the Great Pacific Garbage Patch,which completely covers the island chain every few years.To date,90 tons of plastic trash have been removed from the Pacific Ocean. One key question is whether wear and tear on that pavement might release microplastics into the environment.Initial results show that the asphalt remains largely undamaged,researchers reported on March 22 at the American Chemical Society meeting.“We’re extremely concerned about the releasing of plastics or other chemicals into the environment,because this can expose humans and animals to toxic plastic additives,leading to a series of health problems,”says chemist Jennifer Lynch. The team used a variety of methods to simulate how microplastics would normally be released into the ecosystem,for example,simulating stormwater by pouring pure water onto the road,then sweeping the roads to collect gravel(砂砾)dust to look for microplastics.“There wasn’t significant microplastic release compared with the road with no plastic mixed into the asphalt,”says Jennifer. Bill Buttlar,director of the Innovation Lab at the University of Missouri,says he’s impressed with the program but notes that the challenges with road performance in Hawaii are different from those in the mainland United States.The tropical climate with its heavy rains and volcanism faces underground volatility(波动),and when the ground is constantly shifting,it can cause road cracking.“The main challenge to scaling this is getting the recipe right with the asphalt because what works in Hawaii may be a little different than what works in the Midwest,”Buttlar says. 1．What does the author point out at the beginning of the text? A．Marine pollution is increasingly serious. B．Plastic waste can be used to pave roads. C．Asphalt can be environmentally friendly. D．Plastic is an excellent building material. 2．What does the underlined word“toxic”in paragraph 3 mean? A．Complicated. B．Flexible. C．Rough. D．Poisonous. 3．Why did the team collect the gravel dust? A．To keep the roads clean. B．To examine the road stability. C．To test it for microplastics. D．To remove the underlying risks. 4．What challenges the road performance in Hawaii? A．Climatic and geological conditions. B．The large construction scale. C．New chemicals mixed in the asphalt. D．Land surface temperature changes. 本文是一篇科普说明文。SETI 研究所的研究表明，由于恒星风（太阳风）的影响，来自外星智慧生命的无线电信号抵达地球时会被削弱、频段变宽，超出传统设备的检测阈值，所以人类过去可能错过了外星生命的信号。 【新素材·外星生命的信号】WE MAY have been missing signals from intelligent aliens(外星人)because of solar wind.Researchers from the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence(SETI)Institute say this means we have been watching for the wrong type of signal,potentially failing to spot promising evidence of alien life,but the chances of a futurediscovery are now higher. The not-for-profit organisation carries out research to help prove the existence of alien life,which includes listening for radio signals from outer space that cannot be explained by natural cosmological phenomena. Such a signal was previously expected to be a sharp,distinct radio signal in a narrow frequency range.But the new research suggests that any such signals sent from distant planets may end up being made fainter and wider in the frequency band—essentially blurred slightly—as they pass through the stellar(恒星)winds of stars. Vishal Gajjar and Grayce Brown at the SETI Institute calculated the scale of the effect on radio transmissions(传输)from spacecraft in our own solar system,and then extrapolated that to other stellar environments.They found that a 100-megahertz signal could be widened as much as 100 hertz—enough to“fall below traditional detection thresholds”.A space weather event can similarly increase the amount of broadening experienced by a signal to a significant degree. John Elliott at the University of St Andrews,UK,says he sees the news as the glass being half-full,not half-empty:it means previous searches may have missed evidence,but also means that future searches will be more likely to succeed.“It’s over 50 years that we’ve been actively searching and that’s a blink of the eye,isn’t it,when you think about it,”says Elliott. 1．Why have researchers possibly failed to receive signals from intelligent aliens? A．The signals cannot reach the Earth. B．Their equipment was not advanced enough. C．The signals did not appear in the expected form. D．Space weather events prevented the signal traveling. 2．How is the alien signal affected by the stellar winds of stars? A． B． C． D． (Note:Plots show relative changes in signal width and strength,not absolute values.) 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．How the new findings were reached. B．How spacecraft send radio signals. C．What affects radio signal transmission. D．What helped researchers make progress. 4．Which statement does John Elliott probably agree with? A．Much progress has been made so far. B．Future discoveries will be fruitful. C．Previous searches wasted a lot of time. D．Fifty years is too long for alien hunting. 2 / 54 1 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $