考前押题03 阅读理解常考话题（期中专项训练）高二英语上学期沪教版

考前押题03 阅读理解常考话题 话题1 学校生活 话题2 研究发现（常考点） 话题3 人与社会（常考点） 话题4 运动与健康 话题5 科技与生活（难点） 话题6 环境保护（难点） 推断只推一小步，原句照搬要警惕；主旨切忌看片段，标题大小要适宜； 六选四看前后句，代词逻辑是钥匙；常识再好不算数，忠于原文是第一。 话题1 学校生活（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海育才中学·期中）MC Markham College Center for Continuing Education Bollywood Workout 10 weeks Fridays, 19.00-21.00-$8220 Lessons focus on the classic moves of the entertaining and beautiful dance forms seen in Bollywood films, all accompanied by lively traditional music. The classes offer a great full-body workout for those who want to stay in shape and include more exercise in their weekly routine. Comfortable clothes are recommended. Basic First Aid 8 weeks Tuesdays, 19.30-21.30-$175 We offer hands-on learning of this important life skill so you’ll be able to act confidently in various emergency situations requiring first aid. You’ll also learn about common medical conditions, along with suitable treatments for people of various ages. Successful participants will receive a certificate in basic first aid. Car Maintenance for Beginners 10 weeks Thursdays, 18.30-21.00-$400 This course provides practical training in basic servicing, replacement of parts and minor repairs. It also includes lectures on car engines, tires and brakes as well as how to buy cars. You will gain a better understanding of how cars work and practical knowledge on how to keep your car in good working order. Malaysian Cookery 6 weeks Wed, and Fri, 19.00-21.30-$440 Our course introduces students to Malaysian cooking — a fantastic mix of cuisines, mainly Malay, Chinese and Indian. The varied dishes guarantee something for everyone’s taste. All our tutors are Malaysian-born and fully qualified. Classes are small to ensure good supervision. Students work in individual, fully equipped cooking stations. And no washing up! Creative Writing 8 weeks Mon. and Thu., 19.30-21.00-$265 This course introduces you to the skill and process of creative writing. In-class exercises focus on characterization, dialogue and narrative. Assignments done at home will develop your ideas. You’re encouraged to listen to each other’s work and offer critical support. You’ll discover your own writing voice while producing fiction and poetry. An introduction to psychology 12 weeks Tue, and Fri, 17.30-19.30-$495 Psychology is about understanding human behaviour and this course is designed for people who would like to increase their knowledge of this important and fascinating area. The course covers a range of topics, encouraging discussion of past and present theories and case studies. A certificate of completion will be awarded. 1.The Bollywood Workout course is essentially ______. A. a film-making course B. a fitness course C. a history course D. a music course 2.If you want to learn some life skills and are interested in earning a certificate, which course would be the most suitable choice? A. Basic First Aid. B. Malaysian Cookery. C. An introduction to psychology. D. Creative Writing. 3.Considering the structure of the various courses offered, which course seems to emphasize a blend of practical skills with theoretical knowledge? A. Bollywood Workout. B. Malaysian Cookery. C. An introduction to psychology. D. Car Maintenance for Beginners Passage 2 （25-26高二上·上海民办文绮中学·期中）I was about 5 when I first heard the word “Greenland”, and my interest grew from there. Finally, after decades, I decided to go. When I finally arrived, the place, at first glance, was clearly misnamed: The east coast of Greenland was a stretching land of ice and snow, with no sign of human habitation. One of my purposes of going to Greenland was to make contact with some native Greenlanders. I didn’t know I would achieve this, but success came in an unexpected way. When I arrived at the Illunguukjuk Hostel, where I had reserved a bed, a young couple and their baby were out front, enjoying the sun and unusual warmth. Greenlanders speak their own Inuit language and learn Danish in school, and many also speak English well. The young woman, however was not one of these. Her English turned out to be anticlimactic. When I identified myself, her eyes widened. Another traveler had arrived earlier and, mistaking him for me, they had given him my bed. There was no more space in the hostel. “But don’t worry,” she said, as she threw herself into cleaning a tiny house the family owned. “This is for you,” she said. And as if that weren’t enough, she invited me to eat supper with her family. That evening I sat down to a dinner of fresh fish with a loving, happy native family. When I first set foot in Greenland I found myself all but shocked by the emptiness, the vastness, and the silence. I had decided that I would probably never return. And then I was taken into this Greenlandic home. I can now say that even cold, empty, and silent scenery is worth visiting, so long as one has a warm and welcoming place to go to. 1.What was the author’s initial impression of Greenland’s east coast? A. It was populated with native communities. B. It was accurately named for its scenery. C. It was uninhabited, icy and full of snow. D. It was full of sincere and welcoming locals. 2.What does the underlined word “anticlimactic” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Simple. B. Modem. C. Outstanding. D. Disappointing. 3.The author lost his bed in the hostel because of ________. A. the language barrier B. a misunderstanding C. a wrong address D. the high price 4.What was the key factor that changed the author’s overall perception of his trip? A. The unusual warmth and sunny weather. B. The stunning though cold and empty scenery. C. The experience of being welcomed into a local home. D. The success in communicating with native Greenlanders. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北部分省级示范高中·期中）As Amy Hagadorn turned the hallway corner near her classroom, she bumped into a tall fifth-grader running the other way. “Watch where you’re going, kid!” he shouted, stepping around her. Then he smiled meanly, held his right leg, and copied how Amy walked with a limp. Amy closed her eyes. “Ignore him.” she told herself, heading to class. By day’s end, she still thought about his teasing. Since third grade, someone had made fun of her every day — about her speech or limp from cerebral palsy. Even in a full classroom, it made her lonely. At dinner that night, Amy was quiet. Her mom Patti shared exciting news: a radio Christmas wish contest — write to Santa for a prize. “You, with blonde curls, should join.” her mom said. Amy laughed, then smiled at an idea. She took pencil and paper, starting, “Dear Santa Claus, …” While Amy wrote, her family guessed her wish: her sister Jamie and mom thought a 3-foot Barbie, her dad a picture book. But Amy kept it secret. Her letter read: “I’m Amy, 9. Kids laugh at how I walk, run, talk. I have cerebral palsy. I just want one day without teasing.” At Indiana’s WJLT radio, many letters arrived. Manager Lee Tobin read Amy’s letter, knowing cerebral palsy confused her classmates. He called the local paper. Next day, Amy’s photo and letter were on the News Sentinel front page. The story spread nationwide. Soon, mail flooded her home — greetings and encouragement from across the U.S. Over 2,000 people worldwide sent support; some had disabilities, some were teased as kids. Amy felt less lonely. She got her wish: a teasing-free day at South Wayne Elementary. Teachers and students talked about how bad teasing is. That year, Fort Wayne’s mayor named December 21st “Amy Jo Hagadorn Day”, saying “Everyone deserves respect, dignity and kindness.” 1.What did the fifth-grader do after bumping into Amy? A. He helped her pick up her books. B. He apologized for running too fast. C. He imitated her way of walking. D. He reported the incident to the teacher. 2.Why was Amy quiet at dinner? A. She was upset about being teased. B. She was busy writing her letter to Santa. C. She didn’t like the dinner food. D. She felt tired from the day’s classes. 3.What did Amy’s family guess her Christmas wish might be? A. A day without being teased. B. A 3-foot Barbie or a picture book. C. A radio interview with Santa. D. A photo on the front page of the newspaper. 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To describe Amy’s daily life with cerebral palsy. B. To show the power of kindness against teasing. C. To introduce a radio Christmas wish contest. D. To explain how to deal with physical disabilities. 话题2 研究发现（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海控江中学·期中）A method for “reanimating” organ donors’ hearts works just as well as the standard approach to collecting hearts for transplantation, new trial data shows. If widely applied, the method could increase the heart donor pool by an estimated 30 per cent. “If we could snap our fingers and just get people to use this, I think it probably would go up even more than that,” said Dr Jacob Schroder, a transplant surgeon at the Duke University School of Medicine. “This really should be the standard of care.” Most transplanted hearts come from brain-dead donors who’ve died due to a complete loss of brain activity, rather than circulatory death (循环衰竭死亡), in which the heart stops. A brain-dead patient can be declared dead before their heart stops beating, and this allows doctors to remove the heart while it’s still perfused with oxygen-rich blood, and therefore not yet damaged by a lack of oxygen. The heart is then washed with a preservation solution, placed in an ice-filled cooler and rushed to its recipient (接受者). In the recent trial results, doctors compared the survival rates of transplant recipients who got hearts from brain-dead donors with the survival rates of those who got hearts from donors who’d died of circulatory death. A total of 166 US-based heart transplant patients were included in the primary analysis, 86 in the brain death group and 80 in the circulatory-death group. Six months post-surgery, the brain-death group had a 90 per cent survival rate and the circulatory-death group had a 94 per cent survival rate, suggesting that donation after circulatory death, or DCD, is an equally feasible approach to heart transplants. DCD is made possible by extracorporeal (体外的) machine perfusion, which involves hooking up the donor organ to a machine that pumps blood and nutrients through its tissues. The new trial tested a perfusion system called Organ Care System Heart, made by TransMedics, the trial’s funder. The system warms the blood that it pumps through the donor hearts, as compared with other perfusion systems, which still require the organ be cooled as part of the preservation process. Although the two groups had similar survival rates at six months, compared with the traditional heart transplant group, the DCD group had slightly higher rates of moderate to severe primary graft dysfunction (原发性移植器官功能不良), in which one or both of the heart’s ventricles (心室) show dangerous dysfunction within 24 hours of the transplantation surgery. However, none of the DCD patients had primary graft failure that resulted in retransplantation, while two people in the traditional transplant group did. Overall, the rate of serious negative events was very low and similar in both groups, as assessed out to 30 days post-surgery. The new trial involved multiple medical centres and builds upon previous evidence in favour of DCD, which mostly drew from isolated cases and small trials performed at single centres in Australia and the United Kingdom. 1.Why is Dr Jacob Schroder in favour of the new approach to collecting hearts? A. ‘Reanimating’ organ donors’ hearts work much better. B. The new approach standardizes the traditional routine. C. The sources of donated hearts will be greatly enriched. D. Patients widely apply for the approval of the approach. 2.The underlined word “perfused” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. spread through B. portioned evenly C. perceived lacking D. draining off swiftly 3.How does a ‘reanimated’ heart compare with one from a brain-dead donor? A. A ‘reanimated’ heart doesn’t need to be cooled while the other does. B. The heart from brain-dead donors is more likely to suffer dysfunction. C. The DCD group has undergone retransplantation due to heart failure. D. Similar percentage of patients survive post-surgically at six months. 4.Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. A Debate on the Conventional and Novel Approaches B. ‘Reanimated’ Hearts Can Be Successfully Transplanted C. DCD — a Medical Breakthrough with Perfect Effects D. Standard Heart Transplantation Proves Unparalleled Passage 2 （25-26高二上·湖北宜城一中、枣阳一中等鄂北六校·期中）Following the crowd may not always be in a person’s best interest. But new research suggests that teens who go along with their friends may end up healthier as adults. Scientists have known that close friendships are good for health. That’s true for both teens and adults. The finding inspired Joseph Allen, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health. So they followed 171 teens, starting when the kids were just 13. They interviewed each one every year for five years, and also spoke to these teens’ closest friends, who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships. The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25, 26 and 27. This time, the questions surveyed each person’s overall health. When the researchers analyzed the data, they found a strong connection between a teen’s behavior and adult health. Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults. Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to a close friend also influenced later health. Those who held back were more likely to be sick as adults. The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health. Weight, family income and drug use were all examined. So were mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression. And in these people, such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did. Going along with the crowd may have benefits, says Allen, but there are also drawbacks. Teens who are more independent tend to be better at school and work. And peer pressure may lead to some kids’ risky behavior, such as smoking, drinking or using drugs. Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge, Allen acknowledges. “Finding the right balance is the key. Teens shouldn’t lose heart for not finding this easy.” And, he adds, “Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.” 1.What is the function of the paragraph one? A. To introduce a topic. B. To make a definition. C. To reach a conclusion. D. To attract readers’ interest. 2.What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the research? A. Its theoretical basis. B. Its major difficulties. C. Its process and results. D. Its scientific evidence. 3.What does the underlined word “drawbacks” mean in Paragraph4? A. Challenges. B. Mistakes. C. Influences. D. Disadvantages. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Teens should follow the crowd strictly. B. Peer pressure mainly affects adult health. C. Teen friendships may make healthier adults. D. Adults should pay attention to teen health. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟·期中）As modern-day stress reaches what feels like unbearable levels, researchers are trying to learn more about the precise mechanisms through which it affects our body and mind. The hope is that by unlocking more about how stress works physiologically, we can find ways to prevent it from permanently harming people. The future of understanding and fighting stress may lie in our DNA. In 2023, Ursula Beattie, then a doctoral student at Tufts University, and her colleagues found possible evidence that stress can overwhelm DNA’s repair mechanisms. In their study, researchers repeatedly tapped on sparrow (麻雀) cages with pens, played the radio loudly, and carried out other actions designed to cause distress but no physical harm. Blood and tissue samples from the sparrows after three weeks of this unpleasant treatment revealed damage to the DNA. “It’s like if you had two pieces of string coiled up (卷曲), just like DNA, and you took a pair of scissors and cut them,” Beattie says. While these kinds of double-strand (双股) breaks in DNA occur all the time in sparrows and other species, including humans, the damage is typically reversed through self-repair mechanisms. In a chronic-stress (长期压力) setting, “those repair mechanisms get overwhelmed, which is how we see a buildup of DNA damage,” Beattie explains. The damage in the birds appears to be the most severe in cells of the liver, she adds, suggesting that for humans, too, the extent and type of damage caused by stress might be different for different tissues of the body. We’re still learning how deep stress goes into our bodies. But we’re getting closer to solving the puzzle that is stress, which promises a future where we can better meet the ongoing demand for change. 1.What is the main purpose of researchers studying the mechanisms of stress? A. To explain why modern people suffer from high stress. B. To compare the stress levels of humans and sparrows. C. To prove that DNA is closely related to human health. D. To figure out methods to keep stress from doing lasting harm. 2.What did Ursula Beattie and her team discover in their 2023 study? A. Sparrows are more sensitive to stress than other animals. B. Chronic stress can destroy the DNA repair system. C. Loud radio sounds can cause physical harm to sparrows. D. DNA damage in sparrows only appears in liver cells. 3.Why does Beattie mention the “two pieces of string” in Paragraph Four? A. To show how DNA is structured in living organisms. B. To prove that DNA self-repair mechanisms are effective. C. To explain what DNA double-strand breaks look like. D. To compare the DNA of sparrows and humans. 4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. The Harm of Chronic Stress to Human Tissues B. Studying Stress: From DNA Mechanisms to Future Hope C. Ursula Beattie’s Groundbreaking Study on Sparrows D. How to Prevent DNA Damage Caused by Stress 话题3 人与社会（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海静安区市西中学·期中）Have you ever entered a store and noticed a pleasant smell of fresh bread or coffee? This is often not by chance. Many businesses now use a strategy called scent marketing to shape customer feelings and shopping behavior. By pumping specific smells in their stores, they create a welcoming environment that encourages people to stay longer and spend more. A well-known example comes from a Brooklyn supermarket that set up small scent machines. These devices release appealing smells like chocolate cookies or sea air at different times. The store manager found that customers not only stayed longer but also reported a better shopping experience. More importantly, sales of some items, especially baked foods, rose noticeably after the machines were installed. Why does this work so well? Research shows that smell is strongly connected to memory and emotion. This happens because the part of our brain that processes smells is close to the part that handles emotions and memories. When we smell something pleasant, it can bring back happy memories and make us feel good. For example, the smell of baking bread might remind you of your grandmother’s kitchen, making you feel warm and comfortable. When customers feel happy and relaxed, they are more likely to stay longer in the store and make purchases. Importantly, we usually notice these smells without full awareness, so their effect on our choices is subtle yet powerful. Besides supermarkets, many other places now use scent marketing. For example, some hotels release a relaxing smell of lavender (薰衣草) in their lobbies to help guests feel calm and welcome. Clothing stores might use light floral scents to create a fresh and clean environment, making customers more likely to try on clothes and enjoy their time shopping. This strategy is becoming more common because it offers a simple way to improve the customer’s experience without them even realizing it. However, some people worry that this practice is a form of manipulation. They question if it is right to use hidden methods to influence spending. Despite these concerns, scent marketing continues to grow in use across various industries, from hotels to car dealerships, showing that for many businesses, engaging the sense of smell is as important as visual appeal. 1.According to the passage, what specific result did the Brooklyn supermarket observe after installing scent machines? A. Customers complained about artificial smells. B. Sales of baked goods significantly increased. C. The machines were removed due to high costs. D. Customers preferred the smell of sea air over food scents. 2.Based on the explanation of how scent marketing works, why might a clothing store use light floral scents? A. To cover up unpleasant odors in the dressing rooms. B. To remind customers of nature and encourage eco-friendly purchases. C. To create an atmosphere where shoppers feel more comfortable. D. To alert customers to its potential stealth marketing. 3.The phrase “a form of manipulation” in the last paragraph refers to ________. A. making customers buy things they do not truly want B. using hidden methods to influence people without their awareness C. tricking people into believing products are more valuable than they are D. forcing businesses to use expensive scent machines 4.Which title best summarizes the main idea of the entire passage? A. The History of Supermarket Advertising B. The Science of Baking and Bread Smells C. Why Customers Dislike Scent Machines D. How Scents Secretly Shape Shopping Behavior Passage 2 （25-26高二上·湖北十堰普通高中区县联合体·期中）Jane Goodall, the world-renowned chimpanzee(黑猩猩) expert, passed away at the age of 91 on October 1, 2025, in California while on a speaking tour. Her death was announced by the Jane Goodall Institute. The United Nations praised how she had “worked tirelessly for our planet and all its inhabitants, leaving an extraordinary legacy for humanity and nature”. Born in London in 1934, Goodall said her passion for animals was sparked by the gift of a toy chimpanzee from her father. Her passion grew as she read books featuring Tarzan and Dr. Dolittle. In 1957, she fulfilled her childhood dream by joining Dr. Louis Leakey in Africa to study chimpanzees in their natural habitat. In 1960, Goodall began researching free-living chimpanzees at Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania. There she made the groundbreaking research. It revolutionized our understanding of animal behavior and helped challenge the idea that only humans could use tools and that chimps were vegetarian. In 1977, she founded the Jane Goodall Institute, which works to protect chimpanzees and their habitats. It now has offices in more than 25 countries. In 1991, the institute launched the Roots and Shoots project to encourage young people to take action to address environmental issues and create positive change through various activities, such as cleaning up the environment and creating habitats for wildlife. Awarded a UN Messenger of Peace in 2002, Jane Goodall was an outspoken advocate of environmental issues and disapproved of the use of animals in medical research and zoos. Well into her 80s, Goodall showed little sign of slowing down as she continued to write and speak about her work. In 2021, Goodall published “The Book of Hope: A Survival Guide for an Endangered Planet”, in which she admitted to sometimes feeling like she was fighting a losing battle, but explained how she kept going. “I’m not going to give in,” she said. “I’ll die fighting — that’s for sure.” 1.What inspired Jane Goodall’s love for animals? A. Her journey to Africa. B. A toy chimpanzee from her father. C. Reading books about environment. D. Studying with Dr Louise Leakey. 2.What does the underlined word “revolutionized” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Demonstrated. B. Supported. C. Changed. D. Advocated. 3.What’s the aim of the Roots and Shoots project? A. To build a research center. B. To study chimpanzees in Gombe. C. To train scientists in wildlife protection. D. To encourage young people to protect the environment. 4.Which of following best describe Jane Goodall according to the text? A. Ambitious and patient. B. Easygoing and demanding. C. Passionate and determined. D. Humorous and committed. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·江苏海门中学·期中）In 2015, our readers first met Shailee Basnet, the 34-year-old former Nepali journalist. Shortly after she and six of her countrywomen successfully reached the summit of the tallest mountain on each of the seven continents, On the night of Sept, 8, two years later, Basnet was preparing to entertain a packed house at New York’s Broadway Comedy Club. What Basnet learned from climbing mountains, besides the fact that she is stronger and braver than she knew, is that failure is temporary and anything is achievable if you focus on one step at a time. This works for her in comedy. “You don’t need to find the courage to do everything at once. You only need to find the courage to write your first joke, tell a friend, and then find a platform where people will hear you,” Basnet says. Long before Basnet began dreaming of climbing mountains, she imagined something even more audacious, considering her hometown, Nepal’s capital city, had virtually no comedy scene. A fan of American comedians, Basnet dreamed of becoming a stand-up comic. Along the way, she held on to her comedy dreams. Basnet took her first steps onstage at a show in Kathmandu in 2011 and then began organizing open-mic nights around the city to have a place to showcase her new material. On trips with her husband to visit his family in Boulder, Colorado, Basnet attended stand-up shows and began dreaming of taking the stage in English. “At first, I worried that my jokes wouldn’t translate because people kept saying comedy is very local, very cultural,” Basnet says. “Then I noticed that I could understand 100 percent of what Ellen DeGeneres, Jerry Seinfeld, Russell Peters, all the big comics, were saying. If I can understand them, then I can work to get to the point where they understand me. Beneath the surface, we are all the same. Human emotions and issues — it all becomes very translatable if you go deeper.” How she arrived at this moment, however, still feels a bit like magic. Determined to one day turn her 10-minute set into a two-hour show, Basnet puts as much thought into each performance as she once did into her climbs. 1.What lesson from climbing mountains benefits Basnet’s stage career? A. Confidence and teamwork. B. Intensive physical training. C. Adaptation to environments. D. Determination and steady progress. 2.What does the underlined word “audacious” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Daring. B. Eventful. C. Relaxing. D. Unfamiliar. 3.What does paragraph 5 mainly focus on concerning Basnet? A. Her hard efforts to realize goals. B. Her awareness of true passion. C. Her difficult road to success. D. Her popularity on the stage. 4.How did Basnet approach the challenge of performing comedy in English? A. She told her jokes to her husband’s family first. B. She studied American culture closely. C. She focused on universally understandable humor. D. She copied American big comics’ skills. 话题4 运动与健康（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·江苏海门中学·期中）The upcoming winter season offers a selection of the finest, quickest, toughest and most delightful running events across the UK for those seeking adventure or community spirit. ● Bah Humbug 10K, 1 December Do yourself a favour and bring towels and plastic bags with you, because every bit of gear you wear during this event is likely to be caked with mud by the end. Therefore, the organisers have done well to ensure there are changing rooms and showers available for all runners. racebest. com ● Winter Solstice Strider, 8 December Dig that head flashlight out of the messy drawer for this after-dark run or walk for a good cause. You have a 5K route, which winds through the forest at the St Ives Estate. The route is far from flat and will almost certainly be muddy in places, so make sure your batteries are well charged in case there are emergencies. sueryder. org ● The Christmas Charity Run, 21 December This event is run by a most environmentally conscious organiser in the country, and is therefore only open to local runners to reduce car travel. Another great feature is that £7. 50 of the £10 entry fee goes straight to a local charity that supports people with cancer, making this one of the most positive-impact events that you could possibly find. eventrac. co. uk ● Mapledurham 10& Half, 29 December Mapledurham events are always well organised and, with unpleasant weather likely, you'll have to deal with some mud on the various uphills and downhills on whichever of the 10K, 10-mile or half-marathon courses you choose. The organisers have prioritised finding a good route over precise measurements, so all three races have a rather loose relationship with their stated distance. mstevents. co. uk 1.Which website offers information for night run participants? A. sueryder. org B. racebest. com C. eventrac. co. uk D. mstevents. co. uk 2.What makes the Mapledurham events unique? A. Eco-friendly goals. B. Flexible race distances. C. Strong charity focus. D. Muddy running courses. 3.Which column of a magazine is the text probably from? A. Tech Trends. B. Athlete Profiles. C. News Insight. D. Race Guide. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆南坪中学校·期中）At the age of 75, the Italian female traveler Vienna, inspired by Marco Polo as her spiritual model, measured the vast expanse of China’s land with her own feet, painting a vivid picture of cultural exchanges across time and space. Her heart was filled with a thirst for the unknown world and a longing for Chinese culture. This feeling came from a chance encounter with a Beijing-based international student over two decades ago, and it got stronger upon reading the vivid descriptions in The Travels of Marco Polo. The Ancient Silk Road described in the book served as a link between the East and the West, connecting Vienna’s dreams with reality. In her pursuit of Marco Polo’s footsteps, Vienna encountered loneliness, tiredness, and even life-threatening situations. An encounter with wild dogs in a foreign land left her injured, forcing her to stop her journey for the time being. However, these hardships did not threaten her. Instead, they served as precious trials that made her value each encounter with different cultures even more. While tracing Marco Polo’s footsteps, Vienna also researched deeply into Chinese culture. She visited various Confucius Institutes, engaging in exchanges and learning with local students, therefore gaining a deep understanding of the virtues of “benevolence” and “harmony” contained in Confucianism. To Vienna, both Marco Polo and Confucius were great figures who promoted world peace and exchange. Marco Polo promoted cultural exchange and integration between the East and the West through trade and observation, while Confucius advocated harmony among people with his deep thoughts. Despite being separated by a thousand years, they resonated amazingly in Vienna’s journey. “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step” got new meaning in Vienna’s travels. With her actions, she explained the meaning of this saying — no matter how remote the dream may seem, one can surely reach the destination of one’s heart by bravely taking the first step and pushing forward in one’s journey. 1.What increased Vienna’s desire for Chinese culture? A. Her childhood dream. B. The Travels of Marco Polo. C. A student from Beijing. D. Interest in the outside world. 2.Why did Vienna have to stop her journey temporarily? A. She felt extremely lonely and tired. B. She wanted to learn more about local cultures first. C. She was discouraged by the hardships. D. She got hurt in an encounter with wild dogs. 3.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. Marco Polo’s great contributions. B. The importance of cultural exchange. C. The huge influence of Confucianism. D. Vienna’s new insight into Chinese culture. 4.Which of the following best describes Vienna? A. Creative and honest. B. Considerate and modest. C. Ambitious and determined. D. Responsible and generous. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北孝感·期中）I decided to ski to the North Pole. It was after I met with an advertisement in a newspaper looking for people to join a team to ski 350 miles to the North Pole. Back in 1996, there had never been a woman from the UK who had accomplished this challenge. I wondered what it would be like to survive in temperatures cold enough to freeze your flesh in seconds, so I sent off the application form. The application form full of pictures of male explorers arrived. The words “Are you man enough for the ultimate (极限的) challenge?” made me angry and even more determined to join the team. Over 500 individuals applied for a place in the team, and the selection process included physical and psychological tests designed to pick the best group. In one test, there was a huge rope ladder we had to climb, and I froze at the top because I have a fear of heights. I thought my hopes were fading as most other applicants sailed past, leaving me behind. But two others helped me over, and later I found out that the organizers were not looking for amazing individuals, but great team players, and this moment had shown them who would take care of others in the team. I had revealed my weakness, and in a place like the Arctic, you have to be yourself, as there is nowhere to hide. These personalities of seeking for help and showing weakness are necessary for women to master. I realized that by being myself, I could succeed. I was eventually selected for the team. I got to be aware that I could achieve more than I ever imagined-more importantly, by sharing my story with others, I could inspire them to take a step into the new world and reveal more of their abilities. 1.What was the author’s reaction to the advertisement? A. She got annoyed. B. She was indifferent. C. She got scared. D. She was determined. 2.What did the organizers regard as the most significant about selecting new hands? A. Character. B. Individual capability. C. Spirit of cooperation. D. Bravery to challenge. 3.What does the author think of women’s displaying weakness? A. Shameful. B. Beneficial. C. Inappropriate. D. Disappointing. 4.What’s the author’s purpose of writing this text? A. To motivate us to prepare for our ambition. B. To recommend women to seek for help. C. To encourage people to explore the unknown. D. To provide guidance for her team members. 话题5 科技与生活（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海吴淞中学·期中）With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaptation can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type. Mr. Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists — people trained to analyze large bodies of information — key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior. Many companies that are born digital — particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle — are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem. The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account. Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr. Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field. The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition. 1.Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize machine-learning operation? A. Technological problems B. Expert crisis. C. High cost. D. Customer interactions. 2.What can not be inferred from the passage about the machine learning? A. Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix. B. Machine learning plays an important role in existing applications. C. Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies. D. Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest. 3.The underlined word “fields” in the 3rd paragraph most probably means ______. A. avoids B. classifies C. creates D. solves 4.Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Data science: a forefront force in tech business B. Corporate competition: an obstacle to the transition C. Machine learning: a key to smart technology D. Technique experts: a decisive factor of the coming era Passage 2 （25-26高二上·江苏扬州中学·期中）While we race into a future where we outsource (外包) most of our problem-solving to artificial intelligence, the greatest threat is not super intelligent machinery. It’s mindlessly putting too much trust in Big Tech and not enough trust in the power of our own minds. A philosophy of artful thinking is a good way to avoid this. To think artfully means to solve problems using not just our brains, but also our hands, eyes, and ears, along with our emotions. This approach employs the cognitive (认知的) resources that are spread throughout our bodies but-often go unused. Changing how we think is hard work. And it starts with a mindfulness practice. Accessing artful intelligence requires being mindful of how we think with our body, how we use our limbs (四肢), organs, and emotions to make sense of the world. Be mindful of all the different messages your body is sending you as well as the different roles and functions your bodily actions can play. For example, gesturing in conversations is not just communicative. These movements often help the speaker to sort out their thought process and assist in getting the words out. Today, Big Tech is pushing a message of artificial-intelligence craziness and fear. What makes you stuck in it? It’s seeing the same things wherever you look. Big Tech gives you screens, hoping that your attention will always be attracted by their devices. If you want to find more freedom in this AI-filled world, improve your ability to mindfully shift your attention between different objects or levels of focus. Remember everything is born of a choice. Artful thinking demands effortful mindfulness to ensure that what we do, what we hope to achieveby using these technological tools, will not weaken our humanity. As Thich Nhat Hanh said, “Mindful living is an art, and each of us has to train to be an artist.” 1.What can we learn about artful thinking? A. It simplifies problem-solving. B. It focuses on developing our brains. C. It prevents us from over-relying on AI. D. It helps promote high-tech machinery. 2.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Benefits of artful intelligence. B. The approach to artful thinking. C. Significance of being mindful. D. The challenges of mindfulness practice. 3.What does the author suggest we do in the AI-filled world? A. Enhance the flexibility of attention. B. Adapt to the rise of AI. C. Avoid the interruptions from Big Tech. D. Improve the levels of focus. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Artful thinking advances big tech. B. Too much trust in AI harms our minds. C. Physical actions better cognitive functions. D. Mindfulness keeps us human in the age of AI. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·江苏扬州中学联培部·期中）Like many people over the past years, I have found myself switching to audiobooks as my main means of reading literature. After days of looking at my laptop, I find it far more comfortable to “read with my ears” while my eyes are resting. My consumption of new books has doubled as a result — but a recent paper makes me wonder if this will come at the price of my comprehension. When we listen to text, it seems, we may engage in less thinking and rely more on instinct (直觉) to evaluate its content. The study comes from Boaz Keysar and Janet Geipel, both then at the University of Chicago, and it draws from a mental process model popularized in Daniel Kahneman’s best-selling book Thinking, Fast and Slow. According to this view of the mind, we have two ways of assessing information. System I is instinctive, relying on instinct and feeling. It is quick, but at the risk of misinformation and thinking mistake. System II is analytical: When it is engaged, we think our way through the materials step by step. It is more effortful but also more sensible. Geipel and Keysar investigated whether the sensory style — seeing or hearing — of the information would make a difference. They found that it did: When answering simple‑but‑misleading questions, participants were significantly more likely to make errors when the sentences were spoken out loud rather than written. The researchers repeated the experiment with a greater range of tasks, in more diverse populations. The results were the same: when listening rather than reading, people were more likely to depend on system I. A greater reliance on instinct could be a problem if we are consuming information that needs logical examination. If I am tackling a book about science I want to be sure I am fully engaged, not just nodding along the vague arguments. For this reason, I will return to reading non‑fiction with my eyes rather than my ears. But I won’t stop listening to novels. If I’m enjoying a story, I am quite happy to go with the flow of my emotions while my critical mind takes a break. 1.Why does the author prefer audiobooks? A. They provide better comprehension. B. They allow the eyes to have a break. C. They are cheaper than physical books. D. They are more popular among friends. 2.What does the study conducted by Geipel and Keysar aim to investigate? A. The popularity of audiobooks. B. The effects of visual processing. C. The roles of sensory styles in comprehension. D. The impact of reading on cognitive development. 3.What causes the author to return to reading non‑fiction with eyes? A. The need for logical analysis. B. An interest in critical thinking. C. A preference for visual learning. D. The intention to improve efficiency. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards audiobooks? A. Cautious. B. Favorable. C. Objective. D. Doubtful. 话题6 环境保护（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海徐汇区上海中学·期中） The Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek The Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek is a charming adventure that showcases the breathtaking beauty of the Annapurna region in Nepal. This trek combines the renowned circuit with a visit to Tilicho Lake, one of the highest lakes in the world, offering an adventure through stunning landscapes and cultural treasures. Major Attractions of Annapurna Tilicho Lake Trek A major highlight is the climb to Tilicho Lake (4,919 meters), a pure alpine oasis situated among towering peaks. The trail also leads to the sacred Muktinath Temple (3,710 meters), a site of deep significance for both Hindus and Buddhists. The journey peaks in the exciting crossing of Thorong La Pass (5,416 meters), the highest pass in the world. Along the way, trekkers are treated to stunning views of snow-capped peaks, glacial lakes, and diverse terrain. Trekking Difficulty and Fitness Requirement The trek presents a moderate to challenging level of difficulty. You must possess good physical endurance to navigate rugged terrain for 5 to 8 hours daily. Getting accustomed to high altitude is crucial to minimize sickness. The trail includes steep ascents and descents, and crossing glacial streams. While technical climbing skills are not required, prior hiking experience and adequate fitness are necessary. Best Time for Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek The trek is best experienced during either the spring (March to May) or the autumn (September to November). Both seasons offer favorable weather, clear skies, and stunning views. Spring features vibrant rhododendron (杜鹃花) blooms, while autumn boasts stable weather and golden leaves. Despite its challenges, the rewards are immeasurable. From the warmth of Nepalese hospitality in teahouses to the profound sense of achievement, this trek offers an unforgettable journey of adventure and discovery in the heart of the Himalayas. We offer opportunities to customize your trip! Consider adding a Kathmandu sightseeing tour, other adventure activities, or day trips around Nepal before or after your trek. Feel free to contact us. (Please understand that our travel plan might need adjustments due to unforeseen circumstances like flight delays, weather conditions, or natural disasters. In such cases, we’ll work diligently to find the best alternative solutions to ensure you have a safe and enjoyable trek. Your cooperation and flexibility are highly appreciated during these times.) 1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge of the trek? A. Crossing glacial streams. B. Adapting to high altitudes. C. Technical climbing requirements. D. Long daily walking hours. 2.What can be concluded about the Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek from the passage? A. It is a suitable trek for people of all fitness levels. B. It focuses more on scenery than cultural experiences. C. It requires both physical preparedness and mental flexibility. D. It is most dangerous during the cold winter seasons. 3.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To promote and celebrate the unique culture of Nepal. B. To attract tourists to join a trek in the Annapurna region. C. To analyze the geography and ecosystems of Tilicho Lake. D. To warn about the safety risks of high-altitude trekking. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）Water is the lifeblood of our planet, shaping our climate and supporting all life. Yet, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) highlights a pressing reality: the global water cycle is spinning out of balance, presenting one of the most significant challenges of the 21st century. The Global Water Crisis by the Numbers The scale of the challenge is reflected in these critical data points: 70% Agriculture uses around 70% of all water withdrawals. 50% In 2022, over 50% of global catchment areas and reservoirs displayed deviations from normal conditions. 50% Around half of the world’s population experiences severe water scarcity for at least some part of the year. 700 000+ Droughts between 1970and 2019 led to 0ver 700, 000 drought-related deaths and over 260 billion USD of economic losses. 74% Between 2001 and 2018, around 74% of all natural disasters were water related. 1.8 billion Around 1.8 billion people face significant flood risk worldwide. WMO’s Response: Data for a Water-Secure Future In response to these interconnected crises, WMO focuses on providing authoritative data and forecasts to support global water management. Key initiatives include: ●The Global Water Report: An annual assessment offering a consolidated overview of the world’s freshwater resources. ●Operational Forecasting: Delivering vital information on river flow, groundwater, and soil moisture to support climate adaptation. ●The HydroSOS System: Implementing the Hydrological Status and Outlook System to provide real-time assessment and prediction of water conditions at a global and regional scale. A Call for Integrated Action WMO underscores that solving the water crisis requires bridging critical gaps. Many nations lack the capacity to monitor their water resources effectively, and water policies are often underfunded and fragmented. The path forward lies in strengthened international cooperation, improved data sharing, and significant investment in monitoring technology and infrastructure to ensure water security for all. 1.According to the data panel, which of the following statements is accurate? A. The economic losses caused by droughts from 1970 to 2019 exceeded 700 billion USD. B. The majority of the world’s population suffers from severe water scarcity throughout the entire year. C. In 2022, the water levels in most of the world’s catchment areas and reservoirs remained within the normal range. D. Water-related disasters accounted for nearly three-quarters of all natural disasters in the first 18 years of this century. 2.What is the primary purpose of this web page? A. To showcase the organization’s success in predicting major water-related disasters. B. To advertise a newly launched international project for sustainable water conservation. C. To raise funds for the victims of droughts and floods who are living in water-stressed countries. D. To present a gloomy picture of global water challenges and the scientific response led by WMO. 3.Imagine you are a government official in a region that experiences both seasonal floods and droughts. Based on the passage, which WMO initiative would be most directly useful for your planning? A. The key parameters like groundwater levels and climate dynamics in Operational Forecasting. B. The HydroSOS system’s assessment and prediction of water conditions. C. The precise global figures on populations exposed to flood and drought risks. D. The detailed global statistics on freshwater resources in the Global Water Report. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·重庆第八中学校·期中）Donnie hadn’t expected to go to his niece’s fifth birthday party last August. He was exhausted after working long hours. But the party was being held at Scales and Tails Utah, a reptile (爬行动物) center in suburban Salt Lake City. Since childhood, Donnie has been crazy about reptiles. “They’re now the closest thing we have to a dinosaur,” he says. So, he went with his wife. When they arrived, they were led to a small indoor area with a pool of water surrounded by nine-foot-tall viewing windows. Inside was a 150-pound alligator (短吻鳄) named Darth. He swam around the pool before resting his head on a platform. For safety’s sake, Bull, his trainer, wanted Darth off the platform before beginning the show. Entering the enclosure (围场), she held out an arm and yelled “Back!” Unexpectedly, Darth opened his jaw to reveal all of his teeth. Bull placed her left hand under his jaw and tried to move him backward, a technical move she’d performed before. But today, Darth wasn’t having it. He rolled his head to the side, surprising Bull. Her hand slipped out from under Darth’s jaw and right into his mouth, and Bull was dragged into the pool. Outside the enclosure, some wondered if this was part of the show. Not Donnie. Sensing something was wrong, he threw open the glass door and climbed inside. “Jump on his back!” Bull shouted. Donnie jumped from the platform to sit on the alligator’s back, pressing down with all of his 180-pound body weight. “Push your fists into the top of his nose!” said Bull. Donnie did as he was told. For the next minute or two, they waited. When Darth finally eased his bite, Bull quickly pulled her hand out of his mouth and was helped by a bystander. That left Donnie alone on the top of the alligator. Bull shouted: “Move your hands from his nose to his neck! Sit up, then push off his back to stand and get to the platform!” Donnie cautiously sat up and jumped off Darth, moving out of the enclosure. Bull’s hands were treated promptly. Though recovered, she hasn’t stopped thinking about Donnie. Aside from a few scratches, Donnie was more shaken than injured. Still, he says, “I’m just glad I was there.” 1.What made Donnie go to Scales and Tails Utah? A. His wife’s invitation. B. His interest in the show. C. His passion for reptiles. D. His desire for relaxation. 2.What happened after Bull entered the enclosure? A. She nearly sank in the pool. B. She deeply fell into danger. C. She saved Donnie from Darth’s mouth. D. She was unable to take Darth out of water. 3.Which of the following can best describe Donnie? A. Careful and heroic. B. Loyal and determined. C. Considerate and optimistic. D. Adventurous and powerful. 4.What would be the best title for the text? A. An alligator fighter. B. A childhood dream. C. A visit to a reptile center. D. An alligator trainer’s day. 文章讲述了作者和他的妻子在他们结婚20周年之际，为了重拾对彼此的信心，去一个不知名小镇的故事，并通过描写了Jill一家的遭遇，旨在突出小镇居民的善良和淳朴。 【25-26高二上·重庆第十一中学校教育集团·期中】 As a young girl, Ayshah grew up fascinated by the world of beauty. She had a hole in her heart — a medical condition she was born with. Ayshah’s mother was especially protective of her because of her health condition, but encouraged her to pursue her dreams. When Ayshah finished high school, the most appealing option at her local technical college was training to become a make-up artist. So, she signed up for the three-year course. While studying, Ayshah suffered the loss of her mother, which led the 21-year-old to become the primary supporter for her father, who was suffering from kidney failure, as well as for her younger sister and brother. “From that moment on, I knew I had to turn from being dependent to becoming stronger,” she says. In three years, Ayshah completed her course at the technical college, along with her training. Then a friend told her about the opening of Roseyar, an Aramco initiative that supports local women by training and employing them at the rose factory in Taif, where she lives. Taif is the heart of the rose-growing industry in western Saudi Arabia. Known as the Taif rose, these flowers are prized for their intense smell and are used by the world’s leading perfume makers. With nearly 900 rose farms, Taif has a centuries-old tradition of rose growing, and the roses are harvested to produce some of the world’s most expensive rose oil. Ayshah joined Roseyar and trained as a production technician, using the oil of Taif roses to make cosmetic products. She reconnected with the cosmetic industry she loved as a child. “I truly love knowing that I am contributing to making something so beautiful,” she says. The job at Roseyar has enabled Ayshah to meet her various responsibilities while being surrounded by the sweet smell of the Taif rose. “I’ve been able to balance having my medical treatment for my heart condition, supporting my family financially and providing for myself — I was even able to buy a car,” she says. 1.Why did Ayshah study at her local technical college? A. She had health problems. B. She had to look after her father. C. She was able to learn what she loves. D. She was eager to earn a high income in the future. 2.What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. The Roseyar project. B. The Taif rose industry. C. The production of perfumes. D. The characteristics of Taif roses. 3.Which of the following best describes Ayshah? A. Ambitious and responsible. B. Talented and determined. C. Reliable and generous. D. Devoted and modest. 4.What does Ayshah think of her being part of Roseyar? A. It’s rewarding. B. It’s demanding. C. It’s a stepping stone to her dream. D. It opens up new opportunities for her. 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题03 阅读理解常考话题 话题1 学校生活 话题2 研究发现（常考点） 话题3 人与社会（常考点） 话题4 运动与健康 话题5 科技与生活（难点） 话题6 环境保护（难点） 推断只推一小步，原句照搬要警惕；主旨切忌看片段，标题大小要适宜； 六选四看前后句，代词逻辑是钥匙；常识再好不算数，忠于原文是第一。 话题1 学校生活（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海育才中学·期中）MC Markham College Center for Continuing Education Bollywood Workout 10 weeks Fridays, 19.00-21.00-$8220 Lessons focus on the classic moves of the entertaining and beautiful dance forms seen in Bollywood films, all accompanied by lively traditional music. The classes offer a great full-body workout for those who want to stay in shape and include more exercise in their weekly routine. Comfortable clothes are recommended. Basic First Aid 8 weeks Tuesdays, 19.30-21.30-$175 We offer hands-on learning of this important life skill so you’ll be able to act confidently in various emergency situations requiring first aid. You’ll also learn about common medical conditions, along with suitable treatments for people of various ages. Successful participants will receive a certificate in basic first aid. Car Maintenance for Beginners 10 weeks Thursdays, 18.30-21.00-$400 This course provides practical training in basic servicing, replacement of parts and minor repairs. It also includes lectures on car engines, tires and brakes as well as how to buy cars. You will gain a better understanding of how cars work and practical knowledge on how to keep your car in good working order. Malaysian Cookery 6 weeks Wed, and Fri, 19.00-21.30-$440 Our course introduces students to Malaysian cooking — a fantastic mix of cuisines, mainly Malay, Chinese and Indian. The varied dishes guarantee something for everyone’s taste. All our tutors are Malaysian-born and fully qualified. Classes are small to ensure good supervision. Students work in individual, fully equipped cooking stations. And no washing up! Creative Writing 8 weeks Mon. and Thu., 19.30-21.00-$265 This course introduces you to the skill and process of creative writing. In-class exercises focus on characterization, dialogue and narrative. Assignments done at home will develop your ideas. You’re encouraged to listen to each other’s work and offer critical support. You’ll discover your own writing voice while producing fiction and poetry. An introduction to psychology 12 weeks Tue, and Fri, 17.30-19.30-$495 Psychology is about understanding human behaviour and this course is designed for people who would like to increase their knowledge of this important and fascinating area. The course covers a range of topics, encouraging discussion of past and present theories and case studies. A certificate of completion will be awarded. 1.The Bollywood Workout course is essentially ______. A. a film-making course B. a fitness course C. a history course D. a music course 2.If you want to learn some life skills and are interested in earning a certificate, which course would be the most suitable choice? A. Basic First Aid. B. Malaysian Cookery. C. An introduction to psychology. D. Creative Writing. 3.Considering the structure of the various courses offered, which course seems to emphasize a blend of practical skills with theoretical knowledge? A. Bollywood Workout. B. Malaysian Cookery. C. An introduction to psychology. D. Car Maintenance for Beginners 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D 【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了马克汉姆学院继续教育中心推出六门不同课程，分别介绍了每门课程的时长、上课时间、费用、核心内容及特色，为学习者提供多样化的技能提升选择。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Bollywood Workout”部分中“Lessons focus on the classic moves of the entertaining and beautiful dance forms seen in Bollywood films, all accompanied by lively traditional music. The classes offer a great full-body workout for those who want to stay in shape and include more exercise in their weekly routine. (课程专注于宝莱坞电影中有趣且优美的舞蹈形式的经典动作，全程伴有欢快的传统音乐。该课程为那些想要保持身材并在每周日常中增加运动量的人提供了很棒的全身锻炼)”可知，宝莱坞健身课程本质上是一门健身课程。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Basic First Aid”部分“We offer hands-on learning of this important life skill so you’ll be able to act confidently in various emergency situations requiring first aid. You’ll also learn about common medical conditions, along with suitable treatments for people of various ages. Successful participants will receive a certificate in basic first aid. (我们提供这项重要生活技能的实践学习，让你能在各种需要急救的紧急情况下自信应对。你还将学习常见疾病知识以及针对不同年龄段人群的适当治疗方法。成功完成课程的学员将获得基础急救证书)”可知，基础急救课程既教授生活技能，又能获得证书。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Car Maintenance for Beginners”部分中“This course provides practical training in basic servicing, replacement of parts and minor repairs. It also includes lectures on car engines, tires and brakes as well as how to buy cars. (该课程提供基础保养、零件更换和小修小补的实践培训。还包括关于汽车发动机、轮胎、刹车以及如何购车的讲座)”可知，汽车维修入门课程既有实践技能培训，又有理论知识讲座，强调实践与理论的结合。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·上海民办文绮中学·期中）I was about 5 when I first heard the word “Greenland”, and my interest grew from there. Finally, after decades, I decided to go. When I finally arrived, the place, at first glance, was clearly misnamed: The east coast of Greenland was a stretching land of ice and snow, with no sign of human habitation. One of my purposes of going to Greenland was to make contact with some native Greenlanders. I didn’t know I would achieve this, but success came in an unexpected way. When I arrived at the Illunguukjuk Hostel, where I had reserved a bed, a young couple and their baby were out front, enjoying the sun and unusual warmth. Greenlanders speak their own Inuit language and learn Danish in school, and many also speak English well. The young woman, however was not one of these. Her English turned out to be anticlimactic. When I identified myself, her eyes widened. Another traveler had arrived earlier and, mistaking him for me, they had given him my bed. There was no more space in the hostel. “But don’t worry,” she said, as she threw herself into cleaning a tiny house the family owned. “This is for you,” she said. And as if that weren’t enough, she invited me to eat supper with her family. That evening I sat down to a dinner of fresh fish with a loving, happy native family. When I first set foot in Greenland I found myself all but shocked by the emptiness, the vastness, and the silence. I had decided that I would probably never return. And then I was taken into this Greenlandic home. I can now say that even cold, empty, and silent scenery is worth visiting, so long as one has a warm and welcoming place to go to. 1.What was the author’s initial impression of Greenland’s east coast? A. It was populated with native communities. B. It was accurately named for its scenery. C. It was uninhabited, icy and full of snow. D. It was full of sincere and welcoming locals. 2.What does the underlined word “anticlimactic” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Simple. B. Modem. C. Outstanding. D. Disappointing. 3.The author lost his bed in the hostel because of ________. A. the language barrier B. a misunderstanding C. a wrong address D. the high price 4.What was the key factor that changed the author’s overall perception of his trip? A. The unusual warmth and sunny weather. B. The stunning though cold and empty scenery. C. The experience of being welcomed into a local home. D. The success in communicating with native Greenlanders. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去格陵兰岛的经历，包括初到时的印象、住宿时因误会失去床位，以及被当地家庭热情接待后对格陵兰岛看法的改变。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“When I finally arrived, the place, at first glance, was clearly misnamed: The east coast of Greenland was a stretching land of ice and snow, with no sign of human habitation.(当我最终抵达时，乍一看，这个地方显然名不副实：格陵兰岛东海岸是一片广袤无垠的冰雪之地，看不到任何人类居住的迹象。)”可知，作者最初对格陵兰岛东海岸的印象是无人居住的，冰天雪地。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Greenlanders speak their own Inuit language and learn Danish in school, and many also speak English well. The young woman, however was not one of these. Her English turned out to be anticlimactic.(格陵兰人说他们自己的因纽特语，在学校学习丹麦语，许多人英语也说得很好。然而，这位年轻女子不属于这类人。她的英语结果令人anticlimactic。)”可知，这个年轻女子不像其他格陵兰人那样英语说得好，所以她的英语令人失望，故anticlimactic意为“令人失望的”。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Another traveler had arrived earlier and, mistaking him for me, they had given him my bed.(另一个旅行者早些时候到了，他们把他误认成了我，把我的床给了他。)”可知，由于误会，作者在旅馆里失去了床位。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And then I was taken into this Greenlandic home. I can now say that even cold, empty, and silent scenery is worth visiting, so long as one has a warm and welcoming place to go to.(然后我被带进了这个格陵兰人的家。我现在可以说，即使景色寒冷、空旷、寂静，也值得一游，只要有一个温暖而欢迎的地方可以去。)”可知，被当地家庭热情接待的经历改变了作者对整个旅行的看法。故选C。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北部分省级示范高中·期中）As Amy Hagadorn turned the hallway corner near her classroom, she bumped into a tall fifth-grader running the other way. “Watch where you’re going, kid!” he shouted, stepping around her. Then he smiled meanly, held his right leg, and copied how Amy walked with a limp. Amy closed her eyes. “Ignore him.” she told herself, heading to class. By day’s end, she still thought about his teasing. Since third grade, someone had made fun of her every day — about her speech or limp from cerebral palsy. Even in a full classroom, it made her lonely. At dinner that night, Amy was quiet. Her mom Patti shared exciting news: a radio Christmas wish contest — write to Santa for a prize. “You, with blonde curls, should join.” her mom said. Amy laughed, then smiled at an idea. She took pencil and paper, starting, “Dear Santa Claus, …” While Amy wrote, her family guessed her wish: her sister Jamie and mom thought a 3-foot Barbie, her dad a picture book. But Amy kept it secret. Her letter read: “I’m Amy, 9. Kids laugh at how I walk, run, talk. I have cerebral palsy. I just want one day without teasing.” At Indiana’s WJLT radio, many letters arrived. Manager Lee Tobin read Amy’s letter, knowing cerebral palsy confused her classmates. He called the local paper. Next day, Amy’s photo and letter were on the News Sentinel front page. The story spread nationwide. Soon, mail flooded her home — greetings and encouragement from across the U.S. Over 2,000 people worldwide sent support; some had disabilities, some were teased as kids. Amy felt less lonely. She got her wish: a teasing-free day at South Wayne Elementary. Teachers and students talked about how bad teasing is. That year, Fort Wayne’s mayor named December 21st “Amy Jo Hagadorn Day”, saying “Everyone deserves respect, dignity and kindness.” 1.What did the fifth-grader do after bumping into Amy? A. He helped her pick up her books. B. He apologized for running too fast. C. He imitated her way of walking. D. He reported the incident to the teacher. 2.Why was Amy quiet at dinner? A. She was upset about being teased. B. She was busy writing her letter to Santa. C. She didn’t like the dinner food. D. She felt tired from the day’s classes. 3.What did Amy’s family guess her Christmas wish might be? A. A day without being teased. B. A 3-foot Barbie or a picture book. C. A radio interview with Santa. D. A photo on the front page of the newspaper. 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To describe Amy’s daily life with cerebral palsy. B. To show the power of kindness against teasing. C. To introduce a radio Christmas wish contest. D. To explain how to deal with physical disabilities. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. B 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女孩Amy因残疾被同学嘲笑，在圣诞愿望活动中通过写信向圣表达了自己希望不再被嘲笑的心情。她的故事引起了社会关注，最终得到了实现，并促使人们反思尊重和友善的重要性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Then he smiled meanly, held his right leg, and copied how Amy walked with a limp. (然后他恶意地笑了笑，抬起右腿，模仿Amy跛行走路的样子。)”可知，五年级的男孩在撞到Amy后，模仿了她的走路方式。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“By day’s end, she still thought about his teasing. Since third grade, someone had made fun of her every day — about her speech or limp from cerebral palsy. Even in a full classroom, it made her lonely. (到了一天结束时，她还在想着他的嘲笑。从三年级开始，每天都有人取笑她的说话或因脑瘫而跛行。即使在教室里坐满了人，这也让她感到孤独。)”以及第三段中的“At dinner that night, Amy was quiet.(那天晚上吃饭时，Amy很安静。)”可知，Amy在晚餐时很安静是因为她对被取笑感到沮丧。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“While Amy wrote, her family guessed her wish: her sister Jamie and mom thought a 3-foot Barbie, her dad a picture book. (当Amy写信时，她的家人猜测她的愿望：她的姐姐Jamie和妈妈认为是一个3英尺高的芭比娃娃，她的爸爸认为是一本图画书。)”可知，Amy的家人猜测她的圣诞愿望可能是一个3英尺高的芭比娃娃或一本图画书。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“She got her wish: a teasing-free day at South Wayne Elementary. Teachers and students talked about how bad teasing is. That year, Fort Wayne’s mayor named December 21st “Amy Jo Hagadorn Day”, saying “Everyone deserves respect, dignity and kindness.”(她实现了她的愿望：在South Wayne小学度过了一个没有嘲笑的日子。老师和学生们谈论了嘲笑有多糟糕。那一年，Wayne市长将12月21日定为“Amy·乔·哈加多恩日”，他说：“每个人都应该得到尊重、尊严和友善。”)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Amy因脑瘫而受到嘲笑，后来通过写信给圣诞老人表达了自己的愿望，最终得到了大家的支持和尊重，展示了善良对抗嘲笑的力量。故选B项。 话题2 研究发现（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海控江中学·期中）A method for “reanimating” organ donors’ hearts works just as well as the standard approach to collecting hearts for transplantation, new trial data shows. If widely applied, the method could increase the heart donor pool by an estimated 30 per cent. “If we could snap our fingers and just get people to use this, I think it probably would go up even more than that,” said Dr Jacob Schroder, a transplant surgeon at the Duke University School of Medicine. “This really should be the standard of care.” Most transplanted hearts come from brain-dead donors who’ve died due to a complete loss of brain activity, rather than circulatory death (循环衰竭死亡), in which the heart stops. A brain-dead patient can be declared dead before their heart stops beating, and this allows doctors to remove the heart while it’s still perfused with oxygen-rich blood, and therefore not yet damaged by a lack of oxygen. The heart is then washed with a preservation solution, placed in an ice-filled cooler and rushed to its recipient (接受者). In the recent trial results, doctors compared the survival rates of transplant recipients who got hearts from brain-dead donors with the survival rates of those who got hearts from donors who’d died of circulatory death. A total of 166 US-based heart transplant patients were included in the primary analysis, 86 in the brain death group and 80 in the circulatory-death group. Six months post-surgery, the brain-death group had a 90 per cent survival rate and the circulatory-death group had a 94 per cent survival rate, suggesting that donation after circulatory death, or DCD, is an equally feasible approach to heart transplants. DCD is made possible by extracorporeal (体外的) machine perfusion, which involves hooking up the donor organ to a machine that pumps blood and nutrients through its tissues. The new trial tested a perfusion system called Organ Care System Heart, made by TransMedics, the trial’s funder. The system warms the blood that it pumps through the donor hearts, as compared with other perfusion systems, which still require the organ be cooled as part of the preservation process. Although the two groups had similar survival rates at six months, compared with the traditional heart transplant group, the DCD group had slightly higher rates of moderate to severe primary graft dysfunction (原发性移植器官功能不良), in which one or both of the heart’s ventricles (心室) show dangerous dysfunction within 24 hours of the transplantation surgery. However, none of the DCD patients had primary graft failure that resulted in retransplantation, while two people in the traditional transplant group did. Overall, the rate of serious negative events was very low and similar in both groups, as assessed out to 30 days post-surgery. The new trial involved multiple medical centres and builds upon previous evidence in favour of DCD, which mostly drew from isolated cases and small trials performed at single centres in Australia and the United Kingdom. 1.Why is Dr Jacob Schroder in favour of the new approach to collecting hearts? A. ‘Reanimating’ organ donors’ hearts work much better. B. The new approach standardizes the traditional routine. C. The sources of donated hearts will be greatly enriched. D. Patients widely apply for the approval of the approach. 2.The underlined word “perfused” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. spread through B. portioned evenly C. perceived lacking D. draining off swiftly 3.How does a ‘reanimated’ heart compare with one from a brain-dead donor? A. A ‘reanimated’ heart doesn’t need to be cooled while the other does. B. The heart from brain-dead donors is more likely to suffer dysfunction. C. The DCD group has undergone retransplantation due to heart failure. D. Similar percentage of patients survive post-surgically at six months. 4.Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. A Debate on the Conventional and Novel Approaches B. ‘Reanimated’ Hearts Can Be Successfully Transplanted C. DCD — a Medical Breakthrough with Perfect Effects D. Standard Heart Transplantation Proves Unparalleled 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新试验证明，通过体外灌注技术“复活”循环死亡供体的心脏移植效果与传统脑死亡供体相当，可扩大供体库30%，尽管移植后中重度功能障碍率略高，但术后6个月存活率与严重并发症发生率无显著差异。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“If widely applied, the method could increase the heart donor pool by an estimated 30 per cent. (如果这种方法得到广泛应用，估计可以使心脏供体库增加30%。)”和Jacob Schroder博士所说的话“If we could snap our fingers and just get people to use this, I think it probably would go up even more than that (如果我们打个响指就能让人们使用它，我认为它可能会上升得更多)”可知，Jacob Schroder博士支持新方法是因为它能显著增加心脏供体来源。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“A brain-dead patient can be declared dead before their heart stops beating (一个脑死亡的病人可以在心脏停止跳动之前被宣布死亡)”和下文“and therefore not yet damaged by a lack of oxygen (因此还没有因为缺氧而受损)”可知，脑死亡供体被拆除心脏前，心脏仍在跳动，没有缺氧。由此可知，医生是在心脏仍充满富氧血液时将其取出，画线词意为“遍布，充满”，与spread through“蔓延”意思接近。B. 均匀分配；C. 被认为缺乏；D. 快速流失。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Six months post-surgery, the brain-death group had a 90 per cent survival rate and the circulatory-death group had a 94 per cent survival rate, suggesting that donation after circulatory death, or DCD, is an equally feasible approach to heart transplants. (术后6个月，脑死亡组的存活率为90%，循环死亡组的存活率为94%，这表明循环死亡后捐赠，或者说DCD，是心脏移植同样可行的方法。)”和最后一段中“Although the two groups had similar survival rates at six months (尽管两组在六个月时的存活率相似)”可知，两种心脏移植后患者术后6个月存活率相近。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A method for “reanimating” organ donors’ hearts works just as well as the standard approach to collecting hearts for transplantation, new trial data shows. (新的试验数据显示，一种使器官捐献者的心脏“复活”的方法与收集用于移植的心脏的标准方法一样有效。)”可知，文章围绕循环死亡后心脏经灌注技术复活并成功移植这一试验结果展开，指出这种心脏移植方式的效果与传统脑死亡供体相当，可扩大供体库30%，尽管移植后中重度功能障碍率略高，但术后6个月存活率与严重并发症发生率无显著差异。因此，B项“‘复活’的心脏可以成功移植”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·湖北宜城一中、枣阳一中等鄂北六校·期中）Following the crowd may not always be in a person’s best interest. But new research suggests that teens who go along with their friends may end up healthier as adults. Scientists have known that close friendships are good for health. That’s true for both teens and adults. The finding inspired Joseph Allen, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health. So they followed 171 teens, starting when the kids were just 13. They interviewed each one every year for five years, and also spoke to these teens’ closest friends, who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships. The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25, 26 and 27. This time, the questions surveyed each person’s overall health. When the researchers analyzed the data, they found a strong connection between a teen’s behavior and adult health. Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults. Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to a close friend also influenced later health. Those who held back were more likely to be sick as adults. The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health. Weight, family income and drug use were all examined. So were mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression. And in these people, such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did. Going along with the crowd may have benefits, says Allen, but there are also drawbacks. Teens who are more independent tend to be better at school and work. And peer pressure may lead to some kids’ risky behavior, such as smoking, drinking or using drugs. Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge, Allen acknowledges. “Finding the right balance is the key. Teens shouldn’t lose heart for not finding this easy.” And, he adds, “Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.” 1.What is the function of the paragraph one? A. To introduce a topic. B. To make a definition. C. To reach a conclusion. D. To attract readers’ interest. 2.What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the research? A. Its theoretical basis. B. Its major difficulties. C. Its process and results. D. Its scientific evidence. 3.What does the underlined word “drawbacks” mean in Paragraph4? A. Challenges. B. Mistakes. C. Influences. D. Disadvantages. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Teens should follow the crowd strictly. B. Peer pressure mainly affects adult health. C. Teen friendships may make healthier adults. D. Adults should pay attention to teen health. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一个朋友关系对健康的影响的调查研究，研究表明，朋友较少、没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康些。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Following the crowd may not always be in a person’s best interest. But new research suggests that teens who go along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.(从众未必总能符合个人最佳利益，但新研究表明，顺应朋友的青少年最终可能成为更健康的成年人。)”可知，该段通过“从众的普遍认知”与“新研究结论”的对比，引出“青少年友谊与成年健康”这一核心话题，为后文展开研究介绍做铺垫。第一段主要的作用是引出主题。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。第三段首句“So they followed 171 teens, starting when the kids were just 13. They interviewed each one every year for five years, and also spoke to these teens’ closest friends, who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships. The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25, 26 and 27.(于是他们对 171 名青少年展开了追踪研究，研究始于这些孩子 13 岁时。研究团队连续五年每年对每位参与者进行一次采访，同时还与这些青少年最亲密的朋友进行了交谈 —— 朋友们为了解他们的友谊质量提供了额外信息。这 171 名研究对象在 25 岁、26 岁和 27 岁时再次接受了采访。)”详细描述了研究的对象、时间跨度和数据收集方式；以及“When the researchers analyzed the data, they found a strong connection between a teen’s behavior and adult health. Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults. Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to a close friend also influenced later health. Those who held back were more likely to be sick as adults.(当研究人员分析数据时，发现青少年的行为与成年后的健康状况之间存在密切关联：拥有亲密朋友的青少年，长大后会成为更健康的成年人。青少年是压抑自己的情绪，还是向亲密朋友倾诉，这也会影响他们日后的健康 —— 那些选择压抑情绪的人，成年后患病的概率更高。)”则呈现了研究的核心发现（结果）。因此，该段主要讲述了研究的过程与结果。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据下文内容“Teens who are more independent tend to be better at school and work. And peer pressure may lead to some kids’ risky behavior, such as smoking, drinking or using drugs. (更独立的青少年往往在学校和工作中表现更好。同龄人的压力可能会导致一些孩子的危险行为，如吸烟、饮酒或吸毒。)”结合上文“Going along with the crowd may have benefits, says Allen,(艾伦说，随大流可能有好处。)”可知，随大流可能有好处，但也有缺点，比如吸烟、饮酒或吸毒，所以猜测drawbacks为“缺点”。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章文章第一段的“ But new research suggests that teens who go along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.(但新的研究表明，和朋友在一起的青少年成年后可能会更健康)”以及下文可知，本文主要介绍了青少年时期的朋友关系对健康的影响，研究表明，与朋友较少、没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康些，青少年之间的友谊可能会造就更健康的成年人。故选C项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟·期中）As modern-day stress reaches what feels like unbearable levels, researchers are trying to learn more about the precise mechanisms through which it affects our body and mind. The hope is that by unlocking more about how stress works physiologically, we can find ways to prevent it from permanently harming people. The future of understanding and fighting stress may lie in our DNA. In 2023, Ursula Beattie, then a doctoral student at Tufts University, and her colleagues found possible evidence that stress can overwhelm DNA’s repair mechanisms. In their study, researchers repeatedly tapped on sparrow (麻雀) cages with pens, played the radio loudly, and carried out other actions designed to cause distress but no physical harm. Blood and tissue samples from the sparrows after three weeks of this unpleasant treatment revealed damage to the DNA. “It’s like if you had two pieces of string coiled up (卷曲), just like DNA, and you took a pair of scissors and cut them,” Beattie says. While these kinds of double-strand (双股) breaks in DNA occur all the time in sparrows and other species, including humans, the damage is typically reversed through self-repair mechanisms. In a chronic-stress (长期压力) setting, “those repair mechanisms get overwhelmed, which is how we see a buildup of DNA damage,” Beattie explains. The damage in the birds appears to be the most severe in cells of the liver, she adds, suggesting that for humans, too, the extent and type of damage caused by stress might be different for different tissues of the body. We’re still learning how deep stress goes into our bodies. But we’re getting closer to solving the puzzle that is stress, which promises a future where we can better meet the ongoing demand for change. 1.What is the main purpose of researchers studying the mechanisms of stress? A. To explain why modern people suffer from high stress. B. To compare the stress levels of humans and sparrows. C. To prove that DNA is closely related to human health. D. To figure out methods to keep stress from doing lasting harm. 2.What did Ursula Beattie and her team discover in their 2023 study? A. Sparrows are more sensitive to stress than other animals. B. Chronic stress can destroy the DNA repair system. C. Loud radio sounds can cause physical harm to sparrows. D. DNA damage in sparrows only appears in liver cells. 3.Why does Beattie mention the “two pieces of string” in Paragraph Four? A. To show how DNA is structured in living organisms. B. To prove that DNA self-repair mechanisms are effective. C. To explain what DNA double-strand breaks look like. D. To compare the DNA of sparrows and humans. 4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. The Harm of Chronic Stress to Human Tissues B. Studying Stress: From DNA Mechanisms to Future Hope C. Ursula Beattie’s Groundbreaking Study on Sparrows D. How to Prevent DNA Damage Caused by Stress 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员对压力机制的研究，包括压力对DNA的影响，以及这些研究对未来理解和应对压力的希望。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The hope is that by unlocking more about how stress works physiologically, we can find ways to prevent it from permanently harming people.(人们希望，通过进一步揭示压力在生理上的作用机制，我们能够找到防止压力对人体造成永久性伤害的方法)”可知，研究人员研究压力机制的主要目的是找出防止压力造成持久伤害的方法。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2023, Ursula Beattie, then a doctoral student at Tufts University, and her colleagues found possible evidence that stress can overwhelm DNA’s repair mechanisms.(2023年，当时是塔夫茨大学博士生的厄休拉·比蒂和她的同事们发现了可能的证据，表明压力会压垮DNA的修复机制)”以及第四段中“In a chronic-stress (长期压力) setting, “those repair mechanisms get overwhelmed, which is how we see a buildup of DNA damage,” Beattie explains.(在长期压力的环境下，“这些修复机制会不堪重负，这就是我们看到DNA损伤积累的原因，”比蒂解释道)”可知，厄休拉·比蒂和她的团队在2023年的研究中发现长期压力会破坏DNA修复系统。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中““It’s like if you had two pieces of string coiled up (卷曲), just like DNA, and you took a pair of scissors and cut them,” Beattie says. While these kinds of double-strand (双股) breaks in DNA occur all the time in sparrows and other species, including humans, the damage is typically reversed through self-repair mechanisms.(“这就像你有两条卷曲的绳子，就像DNA一样，然后你拿一把剪刀把它们剪断，”比蒂说。虽然这种DNA双链断裂在麻雀和其他物种，包括人类中经常发生，但这种损伤通常会通过自我修复机制逆转)”可知，比蒂用两条卷曲的绳子来比喻DNA，是为了更形象地解释DNA双链断裂的样子。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The future of understanding and fighting stress may lie in our DNA.(理解和对抗压力的未来可能在于我们的DNA)”和最后一段“We’re still learning how deep stress goes into our bodies. But we’re getting closer to solving the puzzle that is stress, which promises a future where we can better meet the ongoing demand for change.(我们仍在了解压力对我们身体的影响有多深。但我们离解开压力之谜越来越近了，这预示着一个未来，我们能够更好地满足不断变化的需求)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员对压力机制的研究，包括压力对DNA的影响，以及这些研究对未来理解和应对压力的希望。所以“Studying Stress: From DNA Mechanisms to Future Hope(研究压力：从DNA机制到未来希望)”能概括文章内容，最合适作为文章标题。故选B项。 话题3 人与社会（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海静安区市西中学·期中）Have you ever entered a store and noticed a pleasant smell of fresh bread or coffee? This is often not by chance. Many businesses now use a strategy called scent marketing to shape customer feelings and shopping behavior. By pumping specific smells in their stores, they create a welcoming environment that encourages people to stay longer and spend more. A well-known example comes from a Brooklyn supermarket that set up small scent machines. These devices release appealing smells like chocolate cookies or sea air at different times. The store manager found that customers not only stayed longer but also reported a better shopping experience. More importantly, sales of some items, especially baked foods, rose noticeably after the machines were installed. Why does this work so well? Research shows that smell is strongly connected to memory and emotion. This happens because the part of our brain that processes smells is close to the part that handles emotions and memories. When we smell something pleasant, it can bring back happy memories and make us feel good. For example, the smell of baking bread might remind you of your grandmother’s kitchen, making you feel warm and comfortable. When customers feel happy and relaxed, they are more likely to stay longer in the store and make purchases. Importantly, we usually notice these smells without full awareness, so their effect on our choices is subtle yet powerful. Besides supermarkets, many other places now use scent marketing. For example, some hotels release a relaxing smell of lavender (薰衣草) in their lobbies to help guests feel calm and welcome. Clothing stores might use light floral scents to create a fresh and clean environment, making customers more likely to try on clothes and enjoy their time shopping. This strategy is becoming more common because it offers a simple way to improve the customer’s experience without them even realizing it. However, some people worry that this practice is a form of manipulation. They question if it is right to use hidden methods to influence spending. Despite these concerns, scent marketing continues to grow in use across various industries, from hotels to car dealerships, showing that for many businesses, engaging the sense of smell is as important as visual appeal. 1.According to the passage, what specific result did the Brooklyn supermarket observe after installing scent machines? A. Customers complained about artificial smells. B. Sales of baked goods significantly increased. C. The machines were removed due to high costs. D. Customers preferred the smell of sea air over food scents. 2.Based on the explanation of how scent marketing works, why might a clothing store use light floral scents? A. To cover up unpleasant odors in the dressing rooms. B. To remind customers of nature and encourage eco-friendly purchases. C. To create an atmosphere where shoppers feel more comfortable. D. To alert customers to its potential stealth marketing. 3.The phrase “a form of manipulation” in the last paragraph refers to ________. A. making customers buy things they do not truly want B. using hidden methods to influence people without their awareness C. tricking people into believing products are more valuable than they are D. forcing businesses to use expensive scent machines 4.Which title best summarizes the main idea of the entire passage? A. The History of Supermarket Advertising B. The Science of Baking and Bread Smells C. Why Customers Dislike Scent Machines D. How Scents Secretly Shape Shopping Behavior 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍“气味营销”现象。文章指出商家利用特定气味营造购物环境，吸引顾客延长停留时间并增加消费。文章以布鲁克林超市为例说明其效果，解释气味与记忆和情绪的关联，并提及酒店、服装店等也运用此策略。最后，文章也讨论了这种做法引发的关于操控的争议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“A well-known example comes from a Brooklyn supermarket that set up small scent machines. These devices release appealing smells like chocolate cookies or sea air at different times. The store manager found that customers not only stayed longer but also reported a better shopping experience. More importantly, sales of some items, especially baked foods, rose noticeably after the machines were installed.(一个著名的例子来自布鲁克林的一家超市，这家超市安装了小型气味机。这些设备在不同时间释放出巧克力饼干或海风等诱人的气味。店经理发现，顾客不仅停留的时间更长，而且购物体验也更好。更重要的是，安装了这些机器后，一些商品，尤其是烘焙食品的销量明显上升。)”可知，布鲁克林超市安装了气味机后，观察到烘焙食品的销量显著增加。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“Research shows that smell is strongly connected to memory and emotion. This happens because the part of our brain that processes smells is close to the part that handles emotions and memories. When we smell something pleasant, it can bring back happy memories and make us feel good.(研究表明，气味与记忆和情感紧密相连。这是因为我们大脑中处理气味的部分与处理情感和记忆的部分很近。当我们闻到令人愉快的气味时，它会唤起美好的回忆，让我们感觉良好。)”以及第四段“Clothing stores might use light floral scents to create a fresh and clean environment, making customers more likely to try on clothes and enjoy their time shopping.(服装店可能会使用淡淡的花香来营造一个清新干净的环境，让顾客更愿意试穿衣服，享受购物时光。)”可知，服装店使用淡淡的花香是为了创造一个让购物者感觉更舒适的环境。故选C。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“However, some people worry that this practice is a form of manipulation. They question if it is right to use hidden methods to influence spending.(然而，一些人担心这种做法是……。他们质疑使用隐藏的方法来影响消费是否正确。)”以及后文“Despite these concerns, scent marketing continues to grow in use across various industries, from hotels to car dealerships, showing that for many businesses, engaging the sense of smell is as important as visual appeal.(他们质疑使用隐蔽手段影响消费是否恰当。尽管存在这些担忧，气味营销在酒店业到汽车经销商等各个行业中的应用仍在不断扩大，这表明对许多企业来说，调动嗅觉感官与视觉吸引力一样重要。)”可知，一些人担心这种做法是一种隐蔽手段影响消费，质疑该方法是否正确，故划线词“a form of manipulation”指的是“一种操纵手段”，B选项“using hidden methods to influence people without their awareness(利用隐秘手段在人们毫无察觉的情况下对他们施加影响)”与划线词意思相近。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Many businesses now use a strategy called scent marketing to shape customer feelings and shopping behavior. By pumping specific smells in their stores, they create a welcoming environment that encourages people to stay longer and spend more.(许多企业现在使用一种称为气味营销的策略来塑造顾客的感受和购物行为。通过在商店里注入特定的气味，他们创造了一个欢迎的环境，鼓励人们停留更长时间，花更多的钱。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了气味营销这一策略，以及它是如何秘密地影响购物行为的，因此，D选项“How Scents Secretly Shape Shopping Behavior(气味如何秘密地影响购物行为)”最符合文章主旨。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·湖北十堰普通高中区县联合体·期中）Jane Goodall, the world-renowned chimpanzee(黑猩猩) expert, passed away at the age of 91 on October 1, 2025, in California while on a speaking tour. Her death was announced by the Jane Goodall Institute. The United Nations praised how she had “worked tirelessly for our planet and all its inhabitants, leaving an extraordinary legacy for humanity and nature”. Born in London in 1934, Goodall said her passion for animals was sparked by the gift of a toy chimpanzee from her father. Her passion grew as she read books featuring Tarzan and Dr. Dolittle. In 1957, she fulfilled her childhood dream by joining Dr. Louis Leakey in Africa to study chimpanzees in their natural habitat. In 1960, Goodall began researching free-living chimpanzees at Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania. There she made the groundbreaking research. It revolutionized our understanding of animal behavior and helped challenge the idea that only humans could use tools and that chimps were vegetarian. In 1977, she founded the Jane Goodall Institute, which works to protect chimpanzees and their habitats. It now has offices in more than 25 countries. In 1991, the institute launched the Roots and Shoots project to encourage young people to take action to address environmental issues and create positive change through various activities, such as cleaning up the environment and creating habitats for wildlife. Awarded a UN Messenger of Peace in 2002, Jane Goodall was an outspoken advocate of environmental issues and disapproved of the use of animals in medical research and zoos. Well into her 80s, Goodall showed little sign of slowing down as she continued to write and speak about her work. In 2021, Goodall published “The Book of Hope: A Survival Guide for an Endangered Planet”, in which she admitted to sometimes feeling like she was fighting a losing battle, but explained how she kept going. “I’m not going to give in,” she said. “I’ll die fighting — that’s for sure.” 1.What inspired Jane Goodall’s love for animals? A. Her journey to Africa. B. A toy chimpanzee from her father. C. Reading books about environment. D. Studying with Dr Louise Leakey. 2.What does the underlined word “revolutionized” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Demonstrated. B. Supported. C. Changed. D. Advocated. 3.What’s the aim of the Roots and Shoots project? A. To build a research center. B. To study chimpanzees in Gombe. C. To train scientists in wildlife protection. D. To encourage young people to protect the environment. 4.Which of following best describe Jane Goodall according to the text? A. Ambitious and patient. B. Easygoing and demanding. C. Passionate and determined. D. Humorous and committed. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，文章主要颂扬了Jane Goodall作为杰出灵长类动物学家和环保主义者的一生。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Born in London in 1934, Goodall said her passion for animals was sparked by the gift of a toy chimpanzee from her father.(Goodall 1934年出生于伦敦，她曾表示对动物的热爱源于父亲赠送的玩具黑猩猩。)”可知，Jane Goodall对动物的热爱是由父亲送给她的一个黑猩猩玩具所激发的。故选B。 (2)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据文章划线词后文的内容“and helped challenge the idea that only humans could use tools and that chimps were vegetarian.(有力反驳了只有人类会使用工具和黑猩猩是素食者的固有观念。)”可知，她的研究帮助反驳了人们的固有观念，因此此处划线词与C项“Changed(改变)”意思相近，她的研究改变了人类对动物行为的认知，并有力地反驳了人们的固有观念。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In 1991, the institute launched the Roots and Shoots project to encourage young people to take action to address environmental issues and create positive change through various activities, such as cleaning up the environment and creating habitats for wildlife.(1991年，该机构启动了“根与芽”项目，通过清理环境、营造野生动物栖息地等活动，激励年轻一代采取行动应对环境问题且创造积极的改变。)”可知，“根与芽”项目的目的是为了激励年轻人采取行动应对环境问题，从而保护环境。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Born in London in 1934, Goodall said her passion for animals was sparked by the gift of a toy chimpanzee from her father. Her passion grew as she read books featuring Tarzan and Dr Dolittle. In 1957, she fulfilled her childhood dream by joining Dr Louis Leakey in Africa to study chimpanzees in their natural habitat.(Goodall 1934年出生于伦敦，她曾表示对动物的热爱源于父亲赠送的玩具黑猩猩。在阅读《人猿泰山》和《杜立特医生》系列书籍后，这份热情愈发深厚。1957年，她如愿加入路易斯·利基博士的非洲研究团队，实现了童年时期在自然栖息地研究黑猩猩的梦想。)”可知，Goodall因童年时黑猩猩玩具和动物题材书籍萌发对动物的爱，之后便投入黑猩猩的研究与环境保护，因此可推知她是一个对动物充满热情的人；再根据文章最后一段“In 2021, Goodall published “The Book of Hope: A Survival Guide for an Endangered Planet”, in which she admitted to sometimes feeling like she was fighting a losing battle, but explained how she kept going. “I’m not going to give in,” she said. “I’ll die fighting—that’s for sure.” (在2021年出版的《希望之书：濒危星球生存指南》中，她坦言时常感到自己在进行一场必败之战，但解释道：“我绝不会屈服，必将战斗至生命最后一刻——这是确定的。”)”可知，Goodall坦言会战斗到生命最后一刻，故可推知她是一个坚定的人。故选C。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·江苏海门中学·期中）In 2015, our readers first met Shailee Basnet, the 34-year-old former Nepali journalist. Shortly after she and six of her countrywomen successfully reached the summit of the tallest mountain on each of the seven continents, On the night of Sept, 8, two years later, Basnet was preparing to entertain a packed house at New York’s Broadway Comedy Club. What Basnet learned from climbing mountains, besides the fact that she is stronger and braver than she knew, is that failure is temporary and anything is achievable if you focus on one step at a time. This works for her in comedy. “You don’t need to find the courage to do everything at once. You only need to find the courage to write your first joke, tell a friend, and then find a platform where people will hear you,” Basnet says. Long before Basnet began dreaming of climbing mountains, she imagined something even more audacious, considering her hometown, Nepal’s capital city, had virtually no comedy scene. A fan of American comedians, Basnet dreamed of becoming a stand-up comic. Along the way, she held on to her comedy dreams. Basnet took her first steps onstage at a show in Kathmandu in 2011 and then began organizing open-mic nights around the city to have a place to showcase her new material. On trips with her husband to visit his family in Boulder, Colorado, Basnet attended stand-up shows and began dreaming of taking the stage in English. “At first, I worried that my jokes wouldn’t translate because people kept saying comedy is very local, very cultural,” Basnet says. “Then I noticed that I could understand 100 percent of what Ellen DeGeneres, Jerry Seinfeld, Russell Peters, all the big comics, were saying. If I can understand them, then I can work to get to the point where they understand me. Beneath the surface, we are all the same. Human emotions and issues — it all becomes very translatable if you go deeper.” How she arrived at this moment, however, still feels a bit like magic. Determined to one day turn her 10-minute set into a two-hour show, Basnet puts as much thought into each performance as she once did into her climbs. 1.What lesson from climbing mountains benefits Basnet’s stage career? A. Confidence and teamwork. B. Intensive physical training. C. Adaptation to environments. D. Determination and steady progress. 2.What does the underlined word “audacious” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Daring. B. Eventful. C. Relaxing. D. Unfamiliar. 3.What does paragraph 5 mainly focus on concerning Basnet? A. Her hard efforts to realize goals. B. Her awareness of true passion. C. Her difficult road to success. D. Her popularity on the stage. 4.How did Basnet approach the challenge of performing comedy in English? A. She told her jokes to her husband’s family first. B. She studied American culture closely. C. She focused on universally understandable humor. D. She copied American big comics’ skills. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了尼泊尔喜剧演员Shailee Basnet。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“What Basnet learned from climbing mountains, besides the fact that she is stronger and braver than she knew, is that failure is temporary and anything is achievable if you focus on one step at a time.(Basnet从登山中所学到的东西，除了她比自己之前所认为的更强大、更勇敢之外，还有就是失败是暂时的，只要专注于一步一个脚印地前进，任何事情都是可以实现的)”和第三段中“This works for her in comedy.(这在她的喜剧事业中也同样适用)”可知，Basnet从登山中学到的坚持和稳定进步对她的舞台事业有好处，故选D。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词后“considering her hometown, Nepal’s capital city, had virtually no comedy scene. A fan of American comedians, Basnet dreamed of becoming a stand-up comic.(因为她家乡——尼泊尔的首都——几乎没有喜剧氛围。作为美国喜剧演员的粉丝，Basnet梦想成为一名脱口秀喜剧演员)”可知，Basnet的家乡几乎没有喜剧氛围，而她梦想成为一名脱口秀喜剧演员，因此这是一个“大胆的”梦想，audacious意为“大胆的”，故选A。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第五段“Along the way, she held on to her comedy dreams. Basnet took her first steps onstage at a show in Kathmandu in 2011 and then began organizing open-mic nights around the city to have a place to showcase her new material. On trips with her husband to visit his family in Boulder, Colorado, Basnet attended stand-up shows and began dreaming of taking the stage in English.(在这一过程中，她始终坚守着自己的喜剧梦想。2011 年，Basnet在加德满都的一场演出中首次登上舞台，随后她开始在城市各处组织即兴表演活动，以便为展示自己的新作品提供一个平台。在与丈夫前往科罗拉多州博尔德市探望他家人时，Basnet观看了脱口秀表演，并开始梦想着能用英语登上舞台)”可知，本段主要是关于Basnet为实现梦想付出的努力，故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“If I can understand them, then I can work to get to the point where they understand me. Beneath the surface, we are all the same. Human emotions and issues — it all becomes very translatable if you go deeper.(如果我能理解他们，那么我就能努力达到他们能理解我的程度。在表面之下，我们都是相同的。人类的情感和问题——如果深入探究，就会变得非常具有可翻译性)”可知，Basnet通过专注于能被普遍理解的幽默来应对用英语表演喜剧的挑战，故选C。 话题4 运动与健康（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·江苏海门中学·期中）The upcoming winter season offers a selection of the finest, quickest, toughest and most delightful running events across the UK for those seeking adventure or community spirit. ● Bah Humbug 10K, 1 December Do yourself a favour and bring towels and plastic bags with you, because every bit of gear you wear during this event is likely to be caked with mud by the end. Therefore, the organisers have done well to ensure there are changing rooms and showers available for all runners. racebest. com ● Winter Solstice Strider, 8 December Dig that head flashlight out of the messy drawer for this after-dark run or walk for a good cause. You have a 5K route, which winds through the forest at the St Ives Estate. The route is far from flat and will almost certainly be muddy in places, so make sure your batteries are well charged in case there are emergencies. sueryder. org ● The Christmas Charity Run, 21 December This event is run by a most environmentally conscious organiser in the country, and is therefore only open to local runners to reduce car travel. Another great feature is that £7. 50 of the £10 entry fee goes straight to a local charity that supports people with cancer, making this one of the most positive-impact events that you could possibly find. eventrac. co. uk ● Mapledurham 10& Half, 29 December Mapledurham events are always well organised and, with unpleasant weather likely, you'll have to deal with some mud on the various uphills and downhills on whichever of the 10K, 10-mile or half-marathon courses you choose. The organisers have prioritised finding a good route over precise measurements, so all three races have a rather loose relationship with their stated distance. mstevents. co. uk 1.Which website offers information for night run participants? A. sueryder. org B. racebest. com C. eventrac. co. uk D. mstevents. co. uk 2.What makes the Mapledurham events unique? A. Eco-friendly goals. B. Flexible race distances. C. Strong charity focus. D. Muddy running courses. 3.Which column of a magazine is the text probably from? A. Tech Trends. B. Athlete Profiles. C. News Insight. D. Race Guide. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国冬季即将举办的四场跑步赛事，包括赛事日期、特色、注意事项及官方网站，为跑步爱好者提供赛事参考。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Winter Solstice Strider, 8 December”部分中的“Dig that head flashlight out of the messy drawer for this after-dark run or walk for a good cause.(从乱糟糟的抽屉里找出头灯，参加这场夜间跑步或步行公益活动。)”可知，这场赛事是夜间举办的，其官方网站为sueryder. org。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Mapledurham 10& Half, 29 December”部分中的“The organisers have prioritised finding a good route over precise measurements, so all three races have a rather loose relationship with their stated distance.(组织者优先考虑找到一条好的路线，而不是精确测量，所以这三场比赛与它们所声明的距离之间的关系相当松散。)”可知，Mapledurham赛事的独特之处在于其灵活的比赛距离。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“The upcoming winter season offers a selection of the finest, quickest, toughest and most delightful running events across the UK for those seeking adventure or community spirit.(即将到来的冬季为那些寻求冒险或团队精神的人提供了英国各地最精彩、最快、最艰难、最令人愉快的跑步赛事。)”以及下文对四个跑步赛事的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了英国即将到来的冬季跑步赛事，包括赛事名称、日期、特点以及相关信息查询网址，因此这篇文章可能来自杂志的“赛事指南”专栏。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆南坪中学校·期中）At the age of 75, the Italian female traveler Vienna, inspired by Marco Polo as her spiritual model, measured the vast expanse of China’s land with her own feet, painting a vivid picture of cultural exchanges across time and space. Her heart was filled with a thirst for the unknown world and a longing for Chinese culture. This feeling came from a chance encounter with a Beijing-based international student over two decades ago, and it got stronger upon reading the vivid descriptions in The Travels of Marco Polo. The Ancient Silk Road described in the book served as a link between the East and the West, connecting Vienna’s dreams with reality. In her pursuit of Marco Polo’s footsteps, Vienna encountered loneliness, tiredness, and even life-threatening situations. An encounter with wild dogs in a foreign land left her injured, forcing her to stop her journey for the time being. However, these hardships did not threaten her. Instead, they served as precious trials that made her value each encounter with different cultures even more. While tracing Marco Polo’s footsteps, Vienna also researched deeply into Chinese culture. She visited various Confucius Institutes, engaging in exchanges and learning with local students, therefore gaining a deep understanding of the virtues of “benevolence” and “harmony” contained in Confucianism. To Vienna, both Marco Polo and Confucius were great figures who promoted world peace and exchange. Marco Polo promoted cultural exchange and integration between the East and the West through trade and observation, while Confucius advocated harmony among people with his deep thoughts. Despite being separated by a thousand years, they resonated amazingly in Vienna’s journey. “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step” got new meaning in Vienna’s travels. With her actions, she explained the meaning of this saying — no matter how remote the dream may seem, one can surely reach the destination of one’s heart by bravely taking the first step and pushing forward in one’s journey. 1.What increased Vienna’s desire for Chinese culture? A. Her childhood dream. B. The Travels of Marco Polo. C. A student from Beijing. D. Interest in the outside world. 2.Why did Vienna have to stop her journey temporarily? A. She felt extremely lonely and tired. B. She wanted to learn more about local cultures first. C. She was discouraged by the hardships. D. She got hurt in an encounter with wild dogs. 3.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. Marco Polo’s great contributions. B. The importance of cultural exchange. C. The huge influence of Confucianism. D. Vienna’s new insight into Chinese culture. 4.Which of the following best describes Vienna? A. Creative and honest. B. Considerate and modest. C. Ambitious and determined. D. Responsible and generous. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了75岁的意大利女性旅行者Vienna以马可·波罗为精神榜样，徒步丈量中国大地，深入体验中国文化，克服重重困难，最终对中国文化有了全新认识的故事。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Her heart was filled with a thirst for the unknown world and a longing for Chinese culture. This feeling came from a chance encounter with a Beijing-based international Student over two decades ago, and it got stronger upon reading the vivid descriptions in The Travels of Marco Polo. (她的心中充满了对未知世界的渴望和对中国文化的向往。这种感觉源于二十多年前与一位在北京的国际学生的一次偶然相遇，在阅读了《马可·波罗游记》中生动的描述后，这种感觉变得更加强烈。)”可知，阅读《马可·波罗游记》中生动的描述增强了Vienna对中国文化的渴望。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“An encounter with wild dogs in a foreign land left her injured, forcing her to stop her journey for the time being. (在异国他乡与野狗的遭遇使她受伤，迫使她暂时停止了旅程。)”可知，Vienna在与野狗的遭遇中受伤，不得不暂时停止她的旅程。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“While tracing Marco Polo’s footsteps, Vienna also researched deeply into Chinese culture. She visited various Confucius Institutes, engaging in exchanges and learning with local students, therefore gaining a deep understanding of the virtues of “benevolence” and “harmony” containing in Confucianism. To Vienna, both Marco Polo and Confucius were great figures who promoted world peace and exchange. Marco Polo promoted cultural exchange and integration between the East and the West through trade and observation, while Confucius advocated harmony among people with his deep thoughts. Despite being separated by a thousand years, they resonated amazingly in Vienna’s journey. (在追寻马可·波罗足迹的同时，Vienna还深入研究了中国文化。她参观了各种孔子学院，与当地学生进行交流和学习，从而对儒家思想中蕴含的“仁”和“和”的美德有了深刻的理解。对Vienna来说，马可·波罗和孔子都是促进世界和平与交流的伟大人物。马可·波罗通过贸易和观察促进了东西方文化的交流与融合，而孔子则以其深邃的思想倡导人与人之间的和谐。尽管相隔千年，他们在Vienna的旅程中产生了惊人的共鸣。)”可知，本段主要讲述了Vienna在追寻马可·波罗足迹的同时，深入研究中国文化，并对中国文化有了新的认识和理解。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“At the age of 75, the Italian female traveler Vienna, inspired by Marco Polo as her spiritual model, measured the vast expanse of China’s land with her own feet, painting a vivid picture of cultural exchanges across time and space. (75岁的意大利女性旅行者Vienna以马可·波罗为精神榜样，用自己的双脚丈量了中国广袤的土地，描绘了一幅跨越时空的文化交流的生动画面。)”以及最后一段““A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step” got new meaning in Vienna’s travels. With her actions, she explained the meaning of this saying — no matter how remote the dream may seem, one can surely reach the destination of one’s heart by bravely taking the first step and pushing forward in one’s journey. (“千里之行，始于足下”在Vienna的旅行中有了新的含义。她用自己的行动诠释了这句话的含义——无论梦想看起来多么遥远，只要勇敢地迈出第一步，并在旅途中不断前行，就一定能到达自己心中的目的地。)”可知，Vienna以75岁高龄徒步丈量中国大地，说明她有雄心壮志；在旅途中遇到困难和挑战时，她没有放弃，而是选择继续前行，说明她意志坚定。故选C项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北孝感·期中）I decided to ski to the North Pole. It was after I met with an advertisement in a newspaper looking for people to join a team to ski 350 miles to the North Pole. Back in 1996, there had never been a woman from the UK who had accomplished this challenge. I wondered what it would be like to survive in temperatures cold enough to freeze your flesh in seconds, so I sent off the application form. The application form full of pictures of male explorers arrived. The words “Are you man enough for the ultimate (极限的) challenge?” made me angry and even more determined to join the team. Over 500 individuals applied for a place in the team, and the selection process included physical and psychological tests designed to pick the best group. In one test, there was a huge rope ladder we had to climb, and I froze at the top because I have a fear of heights. I thought my hopes were fading as most other applicants sailed past, leaving me behind. But two others helped me over, and later I found out that the organizers were not looking for amazing individuals, but great team players, and this moment had shown them who would take care of others in the team. I had revealed my weakness, and in a place like the Arctic, you have to be yourself, as there is nowhere to hide. These personalities of seeking for help and showing weakness are necessary for women to master. I realized that by being myself, I could succeed. I was eventually selected for the team. I got to be aware that I could achieve more than I ever imagined-more importantly, by sharing my story with others, I could inspire them to take a step into the new world and reveal more of their abilities. 1.What was the author’s reaction to the advertisement? A. She got annoyed. B. She was indifferent. C. She got scared. D. She was determined. 2.What did the organizers regard as the most significant about selecting new hands? A. Character. B. Individual capability. C. Spirit of cooperation. D. Bravery to challenge. 3.What does the author think of women’s displaying weakness? A. Shameful. B. Beneficial. C. Inappropriate. D. Disappointing. 4.What’s the author’s purpose of writing this text? A. To motivate us to prepare for our ambition. B. To recommend women to seek for help. C. To encourage people to explore the unknown. D. To provide guidance for her team members. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者通过介绍自己参加北极滑雪队选拔测试的经历激励人们探索新世界，更多地展示自己的能力。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“I decided to ski to the North Pole. It was after I met with an advertisement in a newspaper looking for people to join a team to ski 350 miles to the North Pole. Back in 1996, there had never been a woman from the UK who had accomplished this challenge.(我决定去北极滑雪。那是在我看到一份报纸上的广告之后决定的，该广告正在招募人员组成一支队伍，要徒步滑雪350英里到达北极。早在1996年，英国还没有女性完成过这样的挑战)”可知，作者在读到广告之后，下决心去申请参加这项挑战。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“But two others helped me over, and later I found out that the organizers were not looking for amazing individuals, but great team players, and this moment had shown them who would take care of others in the team.(但另外两人帮我一起跨过了障碍。后来我了解到，组织者并不是在寻找杰出的个人，而是寻找出色的团队成员。而这一时刻也向他们展示了谁会是团队中照顾他人的人)”可知，组织者认为新人选拔中团队精神是最重要的。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“These personalities of seeking for help and showing weakness are necessary for women to master.(这些寻求帮助和表现软弱的个性是女性必须掌握的)”可知，女性展示软弱可以得到帮助，所以可以推测作者认为女性表现软弱是有好处的。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据作者对自己申请挑战和参加北极探险选拔测试的描述，尤其最后一段中“I was eventually selected for the team. I got to be aware that I could achieve more than I ever imagined-more importantly, by sharing my story with others, I could inspire them to take a step into the new world and reveal more of their abilities.(最终我被选入了这个团队。我意识到自己能够取得远超想象的成就——更重要的是，通过将自己的经历分享给他人，我能够激励他们迈出迈向新世界的步伐，并展现出更多的自身能力)”可知，作者旨在通过与他人分享该故事，激励他们迈出一步，进入新的世界，展示他们更多隐藏的能力。故选C。 话题5 科技与生活（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海吴淞中学·期中）With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaptation can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type. Mr. Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists — people trained to analyze large bodies of information — key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior. Many companies that are born digital — particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle — are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem. The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account. Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr. Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field. The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition. 1.Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize machine-learning operation? A. Technological problems B. Expert crisis. C. High cost. D. Customer interactions. 2.What can not be inferred from the passage about the machine learning? A. Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix. B. Machine learning plays an important role in existing applications. C. Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies. D. Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest. 3.The underlined word “fields” in the 3rd paragraph most probably means ______. A. avoids B. classifies C. creates D. solves 4.Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Data science: a forefront force in tech business B. Corporate competition: an obstacle to the transition C. Machine learning: a key to smart technology D. Technique experts: a decisive factor of the coming era 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍大数据时代下数据科学的需求热潮、应用场景，以及传统企业应用数据科学面临的挑战。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation.(制约许多传统企业的因素将是开展正规机器学习业务的高昂成本。)”可知，传统企业推广机器学习业务的主要障碍是开展相关业务的高昂成本。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.(例如，Pinterest维护着100多个机器学习模型，这些模型可以应用于不同类型的问题，并且它不断地处理那些渴望使用这种资源来处理业务问题的经理们的请求。)”可知，Pinterest有100多个机器学习模型，且管理者迫切希望用其解决业务问题，未提及模型不足以解决问题。因此选项D“Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.(机器学习模型不足以解决Pinterest的业务问题。)”并未提及。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.(例如，Pinterest维护着100多个机器学习模型，这些模型可以应用于不同类型的问题，并且它不断地……那些渴望使用这种资源来处理业务问题的经理们的请求。)”可知，管理者迫切希望借助Pinterest的机器学习资源解决业务问题，因此会向其提出需求。“fields”在此处表示“处理、应对”，与选项 D“solves(解决)”含义最契合。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaptation can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type. (随着大数据时代的来临，数据科学理应备受追捧——其应用能深刻改变企业竞争力。无论是数字原生企业还是传统企业，都在纷纷展现自身的数据科学实力。因此，市场对这类专业人才的需求也日益旺盛。)”以及全文内容可知，本文核心围绕大数据时代下数据科学的市场需求、应用场景，以及传统企业与数字原生企业在该领域的布局差异、面临的挑战展开，数据科学是贯穿全文的核心主题。选项A“Data science: a forefront force in tech business(数据科学：科技行业的前沿力量)”能全面概括全文核心，既体现了数据科学的重要地位，也涵盖了企业应用相关内容。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·江苏扬州中学·期中）While we race into a future where we outsource (外包) most of our problem-solving to artificial intelligence, the greatest threat is not super intelligent machinery. It’s mindlessly putting too much trust in Big Tech and not enough trust in the power of our own minds. A philosophy of artful thinking is a good way to avoid this. To think artfully means to solve problems using not just our brains, but also our hands, eyes, and ears, along with our emotions. This approach employs the cognitive (认知的) resources that are spread throughout our bodies but-often go unused. Changing how we think is hard work. And it starts with a mindfulness practice. Accessing artful intelligence requires being mindful of how we think with our body, how we use our limbs (四肢), organs, and emotions to make sense of the world. Be mindful of all the different messages your body is sending you as well as the different roles and functions your bodily actions can play. For example, gesturing in conversations is not just communicative. These movements often help the speaker to sort out their thought process and assist in getting the words out. Today, Big Tech is pushing a message of artificial-intelligence craziness and fear. What makes you stuck in it? It’s seeing the same things wherever you look. Big Tech gives you screens, hoping that your attention will always be attracted by their devices. If you want to find more freedom in this AI-filled world, improve your ability to mindfully shift your attention between different objects or levels of focus. Remember everything is born of a choice. Artful thinking demands effortful mindfulness to ensure that what we do, what we hope to achieveby using these technological tools, will not weaken our humanity. As Thich Nhat Hanh said, “Mindful living is an art, and each of us has to train to be an artist.” 1.What can we learn about artful thinking? A. It simplifies problem-solving. B. It focuses on developing our brains. C. It prevents us from over-relying on AI. D. It helps promote high-tech machinery. 2.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Benefits of artful intelligence. B. The approach to artful thinking. C. Significance of being mindful. D. The challenges of mindfulness practice. 3.What does the author suggest we do in the AI-filled world? A. Enhance the flexibility of attention. B. Adapt to the rise of AI. C. Avoid the interruptions from Big Tech. D. Improve the levels of focus. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Artful thinking advances big tech. B. Too much trust in AI harms our minds. C. Physical actions better cognitive functions. D. Mindfulness keeps us human in the age of AI. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】本文主要讲的是人们过度信任科技、忽视自身思维能力的问题，并提出以巧妙思考和专注练习应对，从而在人工智能时代保持人性的观点。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“It’s mindlessly putting too much trust in Big Tech and not enough trust in the power of our own minds.(这是一种盲目过度信任大型科技企业，却严重低估自身思维力量的行为。)”以及第二段“A philosophy of artful thinking is a good way to avoid this. To think artfully means to solve problems using not just our brains, but also our hands, eyes, and ears, along with our emotions.(“巧妙思考”的哲学是避免这一陷阱的好方法。所谓巧妙思考，就是不仅用大脑，还用双手、双眼、双脚以及情感来解决问题。)”可知，巧妙思考能帮助人们避免过度依赖人工智能。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Accessing artful intelligence requires being mindful of how we think with our body, how we use our limbs (四肢), organs, and emotions to make sense of the world. Be mindful of all the different messages your body is sending you as well as the different roles and functions your bodily actions can play.(要获得艺术化的智能，需要留意我们如何用身体思考——我们如何运用四肢、器官和情绪来理解世界。请留心你的身体向你传递的所有不同信号，以及你的身体动作所能扮演的不同角色和发挥的不同功能。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是艺术性思维的方法。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“If you want to find more freedom in this AI-filled world, improve your ability to mindfully shift your attention between different objects or levels of focus.(倘若你想在人工智能无处不在的世界里拥有更多自由，就要有意识地锻炼自己，在不同事物、不同专注层次之间灵活切换注意力。)”可知，作者建议在充满人工智能的世界里，我们应提升有意识地在不同事物或不同专注层级之间切换注意力的能力，即增强注意力的灵活性。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Artful thinking demands effortful mindfulness to ensure that what we do, what we hope to achieveby using these technological tools, will not weaken our humanity.(巧妙思考需要付出努力的正念，以确保我们使用这些技术工具所做的事、所希望达成的目标，不会削弱我们的人性。)”以及全文内容可知，文章开篇指出过度信任科技、忽视自身思维是AI时代的最大威胁，随后提出解决方案——巧妙思考（需结合专注练习），结尾进一步强调巧妙思考需要主动专注，以确保不削弱人性。选项D“Mindfulness keeps us human in the age of AI.(在AI时代，专注让我们保持人性。)”概括了全文内容，可作为最恰当的标题。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·江苏扬州中学联培部·期中）Like many people over the past years, I have found myself switching to audiobooks as my main means of reading literature. After days of looking at my laptop, I find it far more comfortable to “read with my ears” while my eyes are resting. My consumption of new books has doubled as a result — but a recent paper makes me wonder if this will come at the price of my comprehension. When we listen to text, it seems, we may engage in less thinking and rely more on instinct (直觉) to evaluate its content. The study comes from Boaz Keysar and Janet Geipel, both then at the University of Chicago, and it draws from a mental process model popularized in Daniel Kahneman’s best-selling book Thinking, Fast and Slow. According to this view of the mind, we have two ways of assessing information. System I is instinctive, relying on instinct and feeling. It is quick, but at the risk of misinformation and thinking mistake. System II is analytical: When it is engaged, we think our way through the materials step by step. It is more effortful but also more sensible. Geipel and Keysar investigated whether the sensory style — seeing or hearing — of the information would make a difference. They found that it did: When answering simple‑but‑misleading questions, participants were significantly more likely to make errors when the sentences were spoken out loud rather than written. The researchers repeated the experiment with a greater range of tasks, in more diverse populations. The results were the same: when listening rather than reading, people were more likely to depend on system I. A greater reliance on instinct could be a problem if we are consuming information that needs logical examination. If I am tackling a book about science I want to be sure I am fully engaged, not just nodding along the vague arguments. For this reason, I will return to reading non‑fiction with my eyes rather than my ears. But I won’t stop listening to novels. If I’m enjoying a story, I am quite happy to go with the flow of my emotions while my critical mind takes a break. 1.Why does the author prefer audiobooks? A. They provide better comprehension. B. They allow the eyes to have a break. C. They are cheaper than physical books. D. They are more popular among friends. 2.What does the study conducted by Geipel and Keysar aim to investigate? A. The popularity of audiobooks. B. The effects of visual processing. C. The roles of sensory styles in comprehension. D. The impact of reading on cognitive development. 3.What causes the author to return to reading non‑fiction with eyes? A. The need for logical analysis. B. An interest in critical thinking. C. A preference for visual learning. D. The intention to improve efficiency. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards audiobooks? A. Cautious. B. Favorable. C. Objective. D. Doubtful. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. C 【导语】文章讲述作者常使用有声书，借助一项心理学研究对比听读与目视阅读的思维差异，并区分不同书籍适用的阅读方式。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“After days of looking at my laptop, I find it far more comfortable to “read with my ears” while my eyes are resting.(在连续几天盯着笔记本电脑后，我发现用耳朵阅读、让眼睛休息要舒服得多)”可知，作者偏爱有声书是因为有声书能让眼睛休息。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Geipel and Keysar investigated whether the sensory style — seeing or hearing — of the information would make a difference.(盖佩尔与基萨尔研究信息的感官形式 —— 看或是听 —— 是否会产生不同效果)”可知，该研究旨在探究感官形式在信息理解中的作用。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A greater reliance on instinct could be a problem if we are consuming information that needs logical examination. If I am tackling a book about science I want to be sure I am fully engaged, not just nodding along the vague arguments. For this reason, I will return to reading non‑fiction with my eyes rather than my ears. (如果我们接收需要逻辑审视的信息，过度依靠直觉会成为一个问题。如果我在读一本科学类书籍，我想要确保自己全身心投入，而非笼统认同模糊的论点。出于这个原因，我会重新用眼睛阅读纪实类作品，而不是靠耳朵听)”可知，纪实类读物需要逻辑分析，所以作者选择用眼睛看这类作品。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like many people over the past years, I have found myself switching to audiobooks as my main means of reading literature.(过去几年里，我和许多人一样，转而把有声书当作阅读文学作品的主要方式)”体现作者认可有声书的优势；再根据第四段中的“A greater reliance on instinct could be a problem if we are consuming information that needs logical examination.(如果我们接收需要逻辑审视的信息，过度依靠直觉会成为一个问题)”与“But I won’t stop listening to novels. If I’m enjoying a story, I am quite happy to go with the flow of my emotions while my critical mind takes a break.(但我不会停止听小说。如果我沉浸在故事里，我很乐意跟随情绪流动，让批判性思维休息片刻)”可知，作者既指出听读不利于逻辑思考的短板，又承认其适合小说阅读的长处，态度客观中立。 话题6 环境保护（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海徐汇区上海中学·期中） The Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek The Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek is a charming adventure that showcases the breathtaking beauty of the Annapurna region in Nepal. This trek combines the renowned circuit with a visit to Tilicho Lake, one of the highest lakes in the world, offering an adventure through stunning landscapes and cultural treasures. Major Attractions of Annapurna Tilicho Lake Trek A major highlight is the climb to Tilicho Lake (4,919 meters), a pure alpine oasis situated among towering peaks. The trail also leads to the sacred Muktinath Temple (3,710 meters), a site of deep significance for both Hindus and Buddhists. The journey peaks in the exciting crossing of Thorong La Pass (5,416 meters), the highest pass in the world. Along the way, trekkers are treated to stunning views of snow-capped peaks, glacial lakes, and diverse terrain. Trekking Difficulty and Fitness Requirement The trek presents a moderate to challenging level of difficulty. You must possess good physical endurance to navigate rugged terrain for 5 to 8 hours daily. Getting accustomed to high altitude is crucial to minimize sickness. The trail includes steep ascents and descents, and crossing glacial streams. While technical climbing skills are not required, prior hiking experience and adequate fitness are necessary. Best Time for Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek The trek is best experienced during either the spring (March to May) or the autumn (September to November). Both seasons offer favorable weather, clear skies, and stunning views. Spring features vibrant rhododendron (杜鹃花) blooms, while autumn boasts stable weather and golden leaves. Despite its challenges, the rewards are immeasurable. From the warmth of Nepalese hospitality in teahouses to the profound sense of achievement, this trek offers an unforgettable journey of adventure and discovery in the heart of the Himalayas. We offer opportunities to customize your trip! Consider adding a Kathmandu sightseeing tour, other adventure activities, or day trips around Nepal before or after your trek. Feel free to contact us. (Please understand that our travel plan might need adjustments due to unforeseen circumstances like flight delays, weather conditions, or natural disasters. In such cases, we’ll work diligently to find the best alternative solutions to ensure you have a safe and enjoyable trek. Your cooperation and flexibility are highly appreciated during these times.) 1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge of the trek? A. Crossing glacial streams. B. Adapting to high altitudes. C. Technical climbing requirements. D. Long daily walking hours. 2.What can be concluded about the Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek from the passage? A. It is a suitable trek for people of all fitness levels. B. It focuses more on scenery than cultural experiences. C. It requires both physical preparedness and mental flexibility. D. It is most dangerous during the cold winter seasons. 3.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To promote and celebrate the unique culture of Nepal. B. To attract tourists to join a trek in the Annapurna region. C. To analyze the geography and ecosystems of Tilicho Lake. D. To warn about the safety risks of high-altitude trekking. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍尼泊尔安纳布尔纳环线徒步旅行的景点、难度、最佳时间等，兼具介绍与推广目的。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The trek presents a moderate to challenging level of difficulty. You must possess good physical endurance to navigate rugged terrain for 5 to 8 hours daily. Getting accustomed to high altitude is crucial to minimize sickness. The trail includes steep ascents and descents, and crossing glacial streams. While technical climbing skills are not required, prior hiking experience and adequate fitness are necessary.(这段徒步旅行的难度为中等至具挑战性。你必须具备良好的体能耐力，才能每天在崎岖的地形中行走5到8小时。适应高海拔对于减少高原反应至关重要。路线包括陡峭的上坡和下坡，以及穿越冰川溪流。虽然不需要专业的攀岩技能，但先前的徒步旅行经验和足够的体能是必要的)”可知，徒步旅行的挑战包括每天长时间行走、适应高海拔、穿越冰川溪流，未提及需要专业攀岩技能。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“While technical climbing skills are not required, prior hiking experience and adequate fitness are necessary.(虽然不需要专业的攀岩技能，但先前的徒步旅行经验和足够的体能是必要的)”及最后一段中的“Please understand that our travel plan might need adjustments due to unforeseen circumstances like flight delays, weather conditions, or natural disasters. In such cases, we’ll work diligently to find the best alternative solutions to ensure you have a safe and enjoyable trek. Your cooperation and flexibility are highly appreciated during these times.(请理解，由于航班延误、天气状况或自然灾害等不可预见的情况，我们的旅行计划可能需要调整。在这种情况下，我们将努力寻找最佳的替代解决方案，以确保您有一个安全和愉快的徒步旅行。在这段时间里，我们非常感谢你的合作和灵活性)”可推断，该徒步旅行既需要身体上的准备，也需要游客在计划调整时保持心态灵活。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段介绍徒步旅行的魅力、中间段落介绍景点、难度、最佳时间，以及最后一段中的“We offer opportunities to customize your trip! Consider adding a Kathmandu sightseeing tour, other adventure activities, or day trips around Nepal before or after your trek. Feel free to contact us.(我们提供定制旅行的机会！考虑在徒步旅行前后增加加德满都观光游、其他冒险活动或尼泊尔周边的一日游。欢迎随时与我们联系)”可知，文章核心目的是吸引游客参加安纳布尔纳地区的徒步旅行。故选B项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）Water is the lifeblood of our planet, shaping our climate and supporting all life. Yet, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) highlights a pressing reality: the global water cycle is spinning out of balance, presenting one of the most significant challenges of the 21st century. The Global Water Crisis by the Numbers The scale of the challenge is reflected in these critical data points: 70% Agriculture uses around 70% of all water withdrawals. 50% In 2022, over 50% of global catchment areas and reservoirs displayed deviations from normal conditions. 50% Around half of the world’s population experiences severe water scarcity for at least some part of the year. 700 000+ Droughts between 1970and 2019 led to 0ver 700, 000 drought-related deaths and over 260 billion USD of economic losses. 74% Between 2001 and 2018, around 74% of all natural disasters were water related. 1.8 billion Around 1.8 billion people face significant flood risk worldwide. WMO’s Response: Data for a Water-Secure Future In response to these interconnected crises, WMO focuses on providing authoritative data and forecasts to support global water management. Key initiatives include: ●The Global Water Report: An annual assessment offering a consolidated overview of the world’s freshwater resources. ●Operational Forecasting: Delivering vital information on river flow, groundwater, and soil moisture to support climate adaptation. ●The HydroSOS System: Implementing the Hydrological Status and Outlook System to provide real-time assessment and prediction of water conditions at a global and regional scale. A Call for Integrated Action WMO underscores that solving the water crisis requires bridging critical gaps. Many nations lack the capacity to monitor their water resources effectively, and water policies are often underfunded and fragmented. The path forward lies in strengthened international cooperation, improved data sharing, and significant investment in monitoring technology and infrastructure to ensure water security for all. 1.According to the data panel, which of the following statements is accurate? A. The economic losses caused by droughts from 1970 to 2019 exceeded 700 billion USD. B. The majority of the world’s population suffers from severe water scarcity throughout the entire year. C. In 2022, the water levels in most of the world’s catchment areas and reservoirs remained within the normal range. D. Water-related disasters accounted for nearly three-quarters of all natural disasters in the first 18 years of this century. 2.What is the primary purpose of this web page? A. To showcase the organization’s success in predicting major water-related disasters. B. To advertise a newly launched international project for sustainable water conservation. C. To raise funds for the victims of droughts and floods who are living in water-stressed countries. D. To present a gloomy picture of global water challenges and the scientific response led by WMO. 3.Imagine you are a government official in a region that experiences both seasonal floods and droughts. Based on the passage, which WMO initiative would be most directly useful for your planning? A. The key parameters like groundwater levels and climate dynamics in Operational Forecasting. B. The HydroSOS system’s assessment and prediction of water conditions. C. The precise global figures on populations exposed to flood and drought risks. D. The detailed global statistics on freshwater resources in the Global Water Report. 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. B 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球水循环失衡的危机现状、相关数据、世界气象组织的应对举措及对联合行动的呼吁。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文中数据栏中的“74% Between 2001 and 2018, around 74% of all natural disasters were water related.(74%2001年至2018年间，约74%的自然灾害与水有关)”可知，本世纪前18 年（2001-2018 年），与水相关的灾害占所有自然灾害的近四分之三。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “Yet, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) highlights a pressing reality: the global water cycle is spinning out of balance, presenting one of the most significant challenges of the 21st century.(然而，世界气象组织（WMO）强调了一个紧迫的现实：全球水循环正失去平衡，这是21世纪面临的最重大挑战之一)”以及第三段中的“In response to these interconnected crises, WMO focuses on providing authoritative data and forecasts to support global water management.(为应对这些相互关联的危机，世界气象组织致力于提供权威数据和预测，以支持全球水资源管理)”可知，网页核心目的是呈现全球水资源危机的严峻形势以及世界气象组织的科学应对措施。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据WMO’s Response: Data for a Water-Secure Future中的“The HydroSOS System: Implementing the Hydrological Status and Outlook System to provide real-time assessment and prediction of water conditions at a global and regional scale.(水文预警系统：实施水文状况与展望系统，提供全球和区域层面水资源状况的实时评估和预测)”可知，该地区面临季节性洪涝和干旱，需要实时掌握并预测水资源动态以制定规划，水文预警系统的评估和预测功能最为直接适用。故选B项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·重庆第八中学校·期中）Donnie hadn’t expected to go to his niece’s fifth birthday party last August. He was exhausted after working long hours. But the party was being held at Scales and Tails Utah, a reptile (爬行动物) center in suburban Salt Lake City. Since childhood, Donnie has been crazy about reptiles. “They’re now the closest thing we have to a dinosaur,” he says. So, he went with his wife. When they arrived, they were led to a small indoor area with a pool of water surrounded by nine-foot-tall viewing windows. Inside was a 150-pound alligator (短吻鳄) named Darth. He swam around the pool before resting his head on a platform. For safety’s sake, Bull, his trainer, wanted Darth off the platform before beginning the show. Entering the enclosure (围场), she held out an arm and yelled “Back!” Unexpectedly, Darth opened his jaw to reveal all of his teeth. Bull placed her left hand under his jaw and tried to move him backward, a technical move she’d performed before. But today, Darth wasn’t having it. He rolled his head to the side, surprising Bull. Her hand slipped out from under Darth’s jaw and right into his mouth, and Bull was dragged into the pool. Outside the enclosure, some wondered if this was part of the show. Not Donnie. Sensing something was wrong, he threw open the glass door and climbed inside. “Jump on his back!” Bull shouted. Donnie jumped from the platform to sit on the alligator’s back, pressing down with all of his 180-pound body weight. “Push your fists into the top of his nose!” said Bull. Donnie did as he was told. For the next minute or two, they waited. When Darth finally eased his bite, Bull quickly pulled her hand out of his mouth and was helped by a bystander. That left Donnie alone on the top of the alligator. Bull shouted: “Move your hands from his nose to his neck! Sit up, then push off his back to stand and get to the platform!” Donnie cautiously sat up and jumped off Darth, moving out of the enclosure. Bull’s hands were treated promptly. Though recovered, she hasn’t stopped thinking about Donnie. Aside from a few scratches, Donnie was more shaken than injured. Still, he says, “I’m just glad I was there.” 1.What made Donnie go to Scales and Tails Utah? A. His wife’s invitation. B. His interest in the show. C. His passion for reptiles. D. His desire for relaxation. 2.What happened after Bull entered the enclosure? A. She nearly sank in the pool. B. She deeply fell into danger. C. She saved Donnie from Darth’s mouth. D. She was unable to take Darth out of water. 3.Which of the following can best describe Donnie? A. Careful and heroic. B. Loyal and determined. C. Considerate and optimistic. D. Adventurous and powerful. 4.What would be the best title for the text? A. An alligator fighter. B. A childhood dream. C. A visit to a reptile center. D. An alligator trainer’s day. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. A 【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了因热爱爬行动物而前往爬行动物中心的Donnie，在驯兽师Bull被短吻鳄Darth攻击时挺身而出救援的故事。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“But the party was being held at Scales and Tails Utah, a reptile center in suburban Salt Lake City. Since childhood, Donnie has been crazy about reptiles. So, he went with his wife.(但是派对是在犹他州的鳞片和尾巴中心举行的，那是盐湖城郊区的一个爬行动物中心。Donnie从小就对爬行动物着迷，所以他和妻子一起去了。)”可知，Donnie去犹他州的鳞片和尾巴中心是因为他对爬行动物的热爱。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Her hand slipped out from under Darth’s jaw and right into his mouth, and Bull was dragged into the pool.(她的手从达斯的下颚下滑，直接滑进了他的嘴里，Bull被拖进了水池里。)”可知，Bull进入围场后陷入了深深的危险之中。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“Sensing something was wrong, he threw open the glass door and climbed inside.(感觉到不对劲，他猛地推开玻璃门爬了进去。)”可知，Donnie很细心；根据第五段“Donnie did as he was told. For the next minute or two, they waited. When Darth finally eased his bite, Bull quickly pulled her hand out of his mouth and was helped by a bystander.(Donnie照做了。一两分钟后，他们等着。当Darth终于松开嘴时，Bull迅速把手从他嘴里抽出来，并得到了一名旁观者的帮助。)”可知，Donnie英勇地帮助了Bull，所以Donnie是细心且英勇的。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章讲述了因热爱爬行动物而前往爬行动物中心的Donnie，在驯兽师Bull被短吻鳄Darth攻击时挺身而出救援的故事。所以文章最好的标题是A项“一个与短吻鳄搏斗的人”。故选A。 文章讲述了作者和他的妻子在他们结婚20周年之际，为了重拾对彼此的信心，去一个不知名小镇的故事，并通过描写了Jill一家的遭遇，旨在突出小镇居民的善良和淳朴。 【25-26高二上·重庆第十一中学校教育集团·期中】 As a young girl, Ayshah grew up fascinated by the world of beauty. She had a hole in her heart — a medical condition she was born with. Ayshah’s mother was especially protective of her because of her health condition, but encouraged her to pursue her dreams. When Ayshah finished high school, the most appealing option at her local technical college was training to become a make-up artist. So, she signed up for the three-year course. While studying, Ayshah suffered the loss of her mother, which led the 21-year-old to become the primary supporter for her father, who was suffering from kidney failure, as well as for her younger sister and brother. “From that moment on, I knew I had to turn from being dependent to becoming stronger,” she says. In three years, Ayshah completed her course at the technical college, along with her training. Then a friend told her about the opening of Roseyar, an Aramco initiative that supports local women by training and employing them at the rose factory in Taif, where she lives. Taif is the heart of the rose-growing industry in western Saudi Arabia. Known as the Taif rose, these flowers are prized for their intense smell and are used by the world’s leading perfume makers. With nearly 900 rose farms, Taif has a centuries-old tradition of rose growing, and the roses are harvested to produce some of the world’s most expensive rose oil. Ayshah joined Roseyar and trained as a production technician, using the oil of Taif roses to make cosmetic products. She reconnected with the cosmetic industry she loved as a child. “I truly love knowing that I am contributing to making something so beautiful,” she says. The job at Roseyar has enabled Ayshah to meet her various responsibilities while being surrounded by the sweet smell of the Taif rose. “I’ve been able to balance having my medical treatment for my heart condition, supporting my family financially and providing for myself — I was even able to buy a car,” she says. 1.Why did Ayshah study at her local technical college? A. She had health problems. B. She had to look after her father. C. She was able to learn what she loves. D. She was eager to earn a high income in the future. 2.What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. The Roseyar project. B. The Taif rose industry. C. The production of perfumes. D. The characteristics of Taif roses. 3.Which of the following best describes Ayshah? A. Ambitious and responsible. B. Talented and determined. C. Reliable and generous. D. Devoted and modest. 4.What does Ayshah think of her being part of Roseyar? A. It’s rewarding. B. It’s demanding. C. It’s a stepping stone to her dream. D. It opens up new opportunities for her. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. A 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Ayshah从小对美容行业的热爱，尽管她患有先天性心脏病，但她依然坚持追求梦想。在母亲去世后，她承担起家庭责任，最终通过努力在玫瑰工厂Roseyar找到工作，重新与美容行业结缘，并实现了自我价值。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“As a young girl, Ayshah grew up fascinated by the world of beauty.(Ayshah从小就对美容行业着迷)”和第二段“When Ayshah finished high school, the most appealing option at her local technical college was training to become a make-up artist. So, she signed up for the three-year course.(Ayshah高中毕业后，当地技术学院最吸引她的选择是成为一名化妆师的培训课程。于是，她报名参加了这个为期三年的课程)”可推知，Ayshah选择技术学院是因为她能够学习自己热爱的东西。故选C。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第五段“Taif is the heart of the rose-growing industry in western Saudi Arabia. Known as the Taif rose, these flowers are prized for their intense smell and are used by the world’s leading perfume makers. With nearly 900 rose farms, Taif has a centuries-old tradition of rose growing, and the roses are harvested to produce some of the world’s most expensive rose oil.(伊夫是沙特阿拉伯西部玫瑰种植业的核心。塔伊夫玫瑰以其浓郁的香味而闻名，被世界顶级香水制造商使用。塔伊夫拥有近900个玫瑰农场，有着数百年的玫瑰种植传统，这些玫瑰被采摘用于生产世界上最昂贵的玫瑰油)”可知，本段主要讲述了塔伊夫玫瑰产业。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“From that moment on, I knew I had to turn from being dependent to becoming stronger.(从那一刻起，我知道我必须从依赖他人变得更强)”和最后一段“The job at Roseyar has enabled Ayshah to meet her various responsibilities while being surrounded by the sweet smell of the Taif rose.（Roseyar的工作让Ayshah能够在塔伊夫玫瑰的香气中履行她的各种责任。）”可推知，Ayshah是一个有抱负且负责任的人。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段“I truly love knowing that I am contributing to making something so beautiful.(我真的很喜欢知道自己在为创造如此美丽的东西做出贡献。)”可推知，Ayshah认为参与Roseyar是很有意义的。故选A。 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $