知识清单02 选择性必修第一册Unit 3 ～ Unit 4 单元词汇短语句型梳理（期中知识清单）高二英语上学期沪教版

知识清单02 选择性必修第一册Unit 3 ~ Unit 4 单元词汇短语句型梳理 📚重点单词 名词(n.)theme, sanctuary, glacier, valley, deer, wolf, ban, amusement, avenue, resort, fountain, giant, swing, gesture, interaction, barrier, interpretation, favour, anger, reliable, assessment, tendency, component, identity 动词(v.)appeal, ban, amuse, accompany, set, roar, wander, vary, approve, witness, employ, differ, favour, interpret, clarify, occupy, stare, distinguish 形容词(adj.)fascinating, vast, rare, spectacular, primitive, delicious, enormous, appropriate, contradictory, genuine, awkward, reliable, identical 副词(adv.)literally, scarcely, merely, consequently  📋重点短语 1. appeal to 对……有吸引力；呼吁 2. set out 出发；启程；着手做 3. ban sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事 4. be accompanied by 由……陪伴/伴随 5. in ruins 沦为废墟 6. on the boundary of 在……边界 7. feed on 以……为食 8. vary from…to… 由……到……各不相同 9. approve of 赞成；认可 10. by contrast/by comparison 相比之下 11. interpret…as… 把……理解为…… 12. make inferences 推理；推断 13. make a difference 有影响；起作用 14. get through 通过；完成；渡过难关 15. break down 分解；出故障；情绪失控 16. be appropriate to 适合于…… 17. favour sb with sth 赐予；给予 18. distinguish…from… 区分……与……  📙必备句型 1. Following the reindeer were the Sami people, who made this territory their home. 在驯鹿之后来的是萨米人，他们在这片土地上安家落户。 解析：完全倒装句，分词置于句首引起全部倒装；who引导非限制性定语从句。 2. Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you! 无论你喜欢哪一个、无论你喜欢什么，总会有一个奇妙无比的主题公园让你流连忘返。 解析：whichever/whatever引导让步状语从句，that引导定语从句。 3. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings. 语言固然重要，但人们站立、抱臂、摆手的方式同样可以传递情绪信息。 解析：the way作先行词，省略关系词的定语从句。 4. It is apparent that body language plays an important role in cross‑cultural communication. 很明显肢体语言在跨文化交流中扮演重要角色。 解析：it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。 5. With local animals wandering freely around the park, visitors can enjoy the beauty of nature. 公园里当地动物自由漫步，游客可以欣赏自然之美。 解析：with复合结构：with +宾语+现在分词作宾补。 6. It was not until dusk that they set out to look for the missing deer. 直到黄昏，他们才出发去寻找那只走失的鹿。 解析：not…until强调句型。 7. The instant they arrived at the theme park, they screamed with excitement. 他们一到达主题公园就兴奋地尖叫起来。 解析：the instant引导时间状语从句，“一……就……”。 8. What concerns us most is that gestures may have different meanings in different cultures. 最让我们担心的是手势在不同文化中含义可能不一样。 解析：what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句。  📕单元语法 Unit 3语法：①过去进行时的被动语态（was/were being done）：过去某一时刻正在被进行的动作 ②过去完成时的被动语态（had been done）：过去的过去已经被完成的动作 Unit 4语法：名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句；引导词that/what/whether；陈述语序；it作形式主语/形式宾语  ✍单元写作 写作1（Unit 3）：介绍景点/主题公园说明文 写作2（Unit 4）：跨文化交际短文，介绍肢体语言差异，给出交际建议。 知识点01 重点词类 1. fascinating /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的（fascinate v.使着迷） 2. appeal /əˈpiːl/ vi. 有吸引力；呼吁 (appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力) 3. ban /bæn/ vt. 明令禁止；取缔 n.禁令 (ban sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事) 4. amuse /əˈmjuːz/ vt.（提供）消遣；使娱乐 (amuse sb with sth；be amused at) 5. accompany /əˈkʌmpəni/ vt.陪伴；伴随；伴奏 (accompany sb to sp；be accompanied by) 6. set /set/ v.出发；放置；设置 (set out 出发；set aside留出；set up建立) 7. vast /vɑːst/ adj.辽阔的；巨大的 8. rare /reə(r)/ adj.稀少的；珍贵的；（肉）半熟的 9. vary /ˈveəri/ vi.(根据情况)变化；改变 (vary from…to…；vary in；vary with) 10. appropriate /əˈprəʊpriət/ adj.合适的；恰当的 (be appropriate to/for) 11. approve /əˈpruːv/ vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过 (approve of sth赞成某事) 12. witness /ˈwɪtnəs/ vt.当场看到；见证 n.目击者；证人 13. employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ vt.使用；应用；雇用 14. differ /ˈdɪfə(r)/ vi.相异；不同于 (differ from；differ in) 15. favour /ˈfeɪvə(r)/ vt.较喜欢；有利于 n.恩惠；赞同 (do sb a favour；in favour of) 16. interpret /ɪnˈtɜːprɪt/ vt.把……理解为；口译 (interpret…as…) 17. clarify /ˈklærɪfaɪ/ vt.使清晰易懂；阐明 18. occupy /ˈɒkjupaɪ/ vt.占据；占用 (occupy oneself in doing sth忙于做某事) 19. stare /steə(r)/ vi.&n.盯着看；凝视 (stare at) 20. distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ vi.&vt.区分；辨别 (distinguish…from…) 知识点02 高频短语 1. appeal to 对……有吸引力；呼吁 2. set out 出发；启程；着手做（set out to do sth着手做） 3. ban sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事 4. be accompanied by 由……陪伴；伴随 5. in ruins 沦为废墟 6. on the boundary of 在……的边界 7. feed on 以……为食 8. vary from…to… 由……到……各不相同 9. approve of 赞成；认可 10. by contrast / by comparison 相比之下 11. interpret…as… 把……理解为…… 12. make inferences 推理；推断 13. make a difference 有影响；起作用 14. get through 通过；完成；渡过难关 15. break down 分解；出故障；情绪失控 16. be appropriate to 适合于…… 17. do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙 18. in favour of 支持；赞同 19. distinguish…from… 区分……和…… 20. with the aid of 在……的帮助下 知识点03 重点句型 1. 完全倒装：分词/形容词置于句首+谓语+主语 Following the reindeer were the Sami people, who made this territory their home. 翻译：跟在驯鹿后面而来的是萨米人，他们在这片土地安家落户。 2. whichever / whatever 引导让步状语从句 Whichever route you choose, you will enjoy the amazing natural scenery. 翻译：无论你选择哪一条路线，你都会欣赏到令人惊叹的自然风光。 3. the way +定语从句（先行词the way，关系词可省略） The way people greet each other varies from culture to culture. 翻译：人们互相问候的方式因文化而异。 4. It is apparent that…（it形式主语） It is apparent that we should pay attention to body language in cross‑cultural communication. 翻译：很明显在跨文化交流中我们应当注意肢体语言。 5. with复合结构 with +宾语 + doing/done/to do/adj./prep短语 With the sun setting down, we set out for the nearby resort. 翻译：随着太阳下山，我们动身前往附近的度假胜地。 6. It was not until…that… 直到……才（强调句型） It was not until midnight that they finished exploring the valley. 翻译：直到午夜他们才结束山谷的探险。 7. The instant (that) 引导时间状语从句，一……就…… The instant we caught sight of the giant fountain, we felt excited. 翻译：我们一看见巨大的喷泉就激动起来。 8. what引导主语从句+that表语从句 What we should keep in mind is that gestures carry cultural messages. 翻译：我们应当牢记的是手势承载着文化信息。 知识点04 重点语法 考点一 过去进行时的被动语态（Past Continuous Passive） 1.基本结构 ✅肯定：主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词(done) The bridge was being built at that time. 那座桥在那时正在被修建。 ❌否定：主语+ was/were not + being + done The bridge was not being built at that time. ❓一般疑问：Was/Were +主语 + being + done…? Was the bridge being built at that time? 2.含义 过去某特定时刻/时间段，主语正在被……，强调过去某个时间点正在承受的被动动作。 时间标志：at that time；this time yesterday；when引导一般过去时从句。 When we got there, the wildlife reserve was being protected by local volunteers.当我们到达那里时，野生动物保护区正被当地志愿者保护着。 ⚠辨析： • 过去进行时主动：was/were doing（过去正在做） • 过去进行时被动：was/were being done（过去正在被做） 考点二 过去完成时的被动语态（Past Perfect Passive） 1.基本结构 ✅肯定：主语 + had been + 过去分词(done) The old temple had been damaged before the rescue team arrived.救援队到达之前，这座古庙就已经遭到损毁。 ❌否定：主语 + had not(hadn’t) been + done The old temple hadn’t been damaged before the rescue team arrived. ❓一般疑问：Had +主语 + been + done…? Had the old temple been damaged before the rescue team arrived? 2.含义 过去的过去已经被完成；一个被动动作，发生在另一个过去动作之前。 标志：by+过去时间；by the time+一般过去时；主句为一般过去时的宾语从句。 By the end of last winter, many trees had been planted in the park.到去年冬天结束为止，公园里已经种下很多树。 ⚠易混对比 过去进行时被动 was/were being done 过去某时刻正在被做  过去完成时被动 had been done 过去的过去已经被做完  考点三 名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句） 1. 定义：在句中起名词作用的从句，共四类。 • 主语从句：从句充当句子主语；常用it作形式主语 • 宾语从句：放在动词/介词后作宾语；可使用it作形式宾语 • 表语从句：放在系动词后作表语 • 同位语从句：解释抽象名词fact, idea, news, thought的具体内容，that不作成分，不可省略 2.引导词 ①that：无词义，不作成分；宾语从句可省略，其余从句不能省略 ②whether：是否；不作成分；主语/表语/同位语从句、介词后面只用whether，不用if ③连接代词 what/ who/ whom/ whose/which：从句内部充当主、宾、定语 ④连接副词 when/where/why/how：从句内部充当状语 3.核心铁律：名词性从句一律用陈述语序：引导词+主语+谓语 考点01 词类转换 （派生词）— 最高频 1. fascinate v.使着迷 → fascinating adj.迷人的 → fascination n.着迷；魅力 2. amuse v.使娱乐 → amused adj.感到开心的 → amusing adj.令人好笑的 → amusement n.娱乐 3. accompany v.陪伴 → accompaniment n.伴随物；伴奏 4. vary v.变化 → variety n.多样性 → various adj.各种各样的 → variable adj.多变的 5. approve v.赞成；批准 → approval n.赞成；认可 → disapproval n.不赞成 6. witness v./n.见证；目击者 → witnessed adj.有见证的 7. differ v.相异 → difference n.差别 → different adj.不同的 8. interpret v.口译；理解 → interpretation n.解释；口译 9. clarify v.阐明 → clarification n.澄清；说明 10. occupy v.占据 → occupation n.职业；占据 → occupied adj.被占用的 11. stare v.凝视 → staring adj.目不转睛的 12. distinguish v.区分 → distinction n.区别；差别 → distinct adj.截然不同 13. appropriate adj.恰当的 → appropriately adv.适当地 → inappropriate adj.不恰当 14. favour n./v.恩惠；偏爱 → favourable adj.有利的；赞许的 15. anger n.愤怒 → angry adj.愤怒的 → angrily adv.愤怒地 16. rely v.依靠 → reliable adj.可靠的 → reliability n.可靠性 17. tend v.倾向于 → tendency n.趋势；倾向 18. identify v.识别 → identity n.身份 → identical adj.完全相同的 19. apparent adj.明显的 → apparently adv.显然地 20. contradict v.反驳 → contradictory adj.相互矛盾的 考点02 介词填空 — 必考 1. appeal to 对……有吸引力 2. ban sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事 3. be accompanied by 由……陪伴 4. vary from…to… 从……到……不等 5. approve of 赞成 6. be appropriate to/for 适合于 7. interpret sth as sth 把……理解为 8. distinguish A from B 区分A与B 9. in favour of 支持；赞同 10. set out to do sth 着手做某事 辨析01 vary / change 词/词语 用法 搭配 vary 侧重同类事物之间存在差异、各不相同 vary from…to… change 侧重事物本身发生改变，前后不一样 The weather changes quickly here. 辨析02 approve / agree 词/词语 用法 搭配 approve of 赞成某人/某事（加of），侧重认可 Her parents don’t approve of her decision. agree 同意观点计划 agree with sb 题型 考查内容 示例 建议题量/难度 单词拼写 单元词义、词性变形；名词复数、动词变形；形容词副词转换 根据汉语写出vast，distinguish，appropriate，adjust；注意派生词变形 10题 / ★ 单句语法填空 词形转换、介词；过去进行时被动(was/were being done)、过去完成时被动(had been done)；名词性从句引导词 This time yesterday the house ________(repair).(was being repaired)；By last winter many trees ________(plant).(had been planted) 10 题 / ★ 完成句子 单元短语、重点句型；两大被动时态输出；名词性从句 他赞成保护野生动物：He ________ ________ protecting wildlife.(approves of) 8 题 / ★★ 选词填空 方框选词+变形；时态被动变形、派生词变形；语境辨析 方框词：witness，distinguish，adjust，approve，ban；The great change ________ by the local old people.(was witnessed) 8 题 / ★★ 单项选择 词汇短语辨析；两大被动时态辨析；名词性从句引导词辨析；倒装句型 By the time he arrived, the building .（had been destroyed）； is known to us is that culture matters.（What） 10 题 / ★★ 句型转换 主动↔被动改写（过去进行时、过去完成时）；简单句合并为名词性从句；直接引语改间接引语 Workers were building the dam.改为被动；Two sentences合并为同位语从句/表语从句 6题 / ★★ 短语翻译 单元重点短语中英互译，关注介词易错点 live in harmony with；approve of；in favour of；adjust to；occur to sb. 8题 / ★ 词义配对 单词‑释义连线；单元高频动词形容词匹配含义 match words: distinguish‑tell apart；approve‑agree；adjust‑change to fit 8 题 / ★ 完形填空 语篇主题：自然风光旅行、跨文化交际；动词名词辨析、短语搭配；时态逻辑判断 选项：witness，distinguish，adjust，approve；短语in favour of, adjust to；判断过去进行/过去完成被动语境 1篇（15空） / ★★ 阅读理解 主题：国家公园介绍、跨文化交际；细节理解、推理判断；读懂被动时态、名词性从句长难句 两篇阅读；识别过去进行时被动、过去完成时被动动作先后；读懂名词性从句语义 2篇 / ★★ 书面表达 Unit3自然风光说明文；Unit4跨文化交际短文；要求使用单元词汇句型、两大被动时态、名词性从句 任务1：介绍一座国家公园；任务2：写短文谈谈肢体语言与跨文化礼仪；词数80‑110词 1题 / ★★★ 题型 012 单词拼写(夯实双基，厚积薄发) 技巧 一句话要点 单词拼写 ——定词性→判变形→核对拼写 ①判断空格词性（名/动/形/副）；②动词重点关注两大被动时态：过去进行时被动要加being，过去完成时被动要加been；③注意长单词distinguish、appropriate拼写；④代入通读校验语义。 单句语法填空 ——有提示考时态语态，无提示填虚词；抓时间标志判断语法 ①动词提示词：at that time / this time yesterday →优先was/were being done；by+过去时间 / by the time+一般过去时 →优先had been done；②名词性从句：句子完整不缺成分填that；缺主宾填what；表“是否”填whether；③介词固定搭配：approve of、occur to、in favour of；④it可作形式主语/形式宾语。  完成句子 ——先标词性读语境，选词勿忘变形，做完核查剩余词 ①定位中文对应的单元固定短语；②看到过去特定时刻考虑过去进行时被动；看到“过去的过去已经被”考虑过去完成时被动；③名词性从句保证陈述语序；④核查介词、主谓一致。  选词填空 ——每个单词只用一次；最后核对剩余词汇 ①标注方框每个单词词性，通读把握语境；②动词务必做时态语态变形（was/were being done / had been done）；注意‑ed/‑ing形容词、名词复数；③每个单词只用一次，做完检查剩余词。  单项选择 ——抓时间线索判语法；翻译代入排除错误选项 ①圈画时间线索：at that time →过去进行被动；by+过去时间→过去完成被动；②名词性从句：看从句是否缺成分，缺成分what，不缺成分that；③not only置于句首要部分倒装；④代入翻译排除选项。  句型转换 ——宾变主改写被动不忘being；过去背景will改为would ①过去进行时主动变被动：宾语变主语，结构was/were being done；②过去完成时主动变被动：had been done；③合并名词性从句，从句必须使用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。  短语翻译 ——固定搭配重点记介词，不要随意修改 ①重点记忆短语内部介词approve of、adjust to、occur to sb.；②to/of多为介词，后接doing；③严格使用课本原短语翻译。  词义配对 ——读懂含义一一对应，完成后复查校验 ①读懂单词与释义；重点区分distinguish，approve，adjust；②全部完成后复查，避免错配。  完形填空 ——先通读抓主旨；动词重搭配，答案服从上下文逻辑 ①先完整读一遍文章，不要边读边做；②动词看搭配；by‑the‑time、at that time线索留意两大被动时态；③答案必须贴合上下文逻辑。  阅读理解 ——细节题回原文定位找证据；推理切忌照搬原文 ①细节题回原文定位比对；②识别过去进行被动（过去正在被）、过去完成被动（过去之前已被）理清事件先后；③拆解名词性从句长难句，抓主干；推理题不能直接摘抄原文。  书面表达 ——分清写作格式；时态优先准确；优先保证句子正确率 ①写公园说明文，描述过去正在被开展的保护动作用过去进行时被动；描述早已完成的保护举措用过去完成时被动；②跨文化交际写作，适当运用what引导主语从句、that同位语从句提升句式；③控制词数，避免写语法复杂的错句。  【题型一】单词拼写 根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式 1. The national park is ________（迷人的）to thousands of visitors every year. 2. The local government will ________（禁止）tourists from feeding wild animals. 3. Music ________（陪伴）him whenever he takes a long‑distance trip. 4. Customs ________（变化）from one culture to another around the world. 5. Most of his classmates ________（赞成）of his plan to visit the theme park. 6. It is not ________（恰当的）to use this gesture in formal situations. 7. The old temple lay ________（沦为废墟）after the heavy storm. 8. We should learn to ________（区分）right from wrong in cross‑cultural communication. 9. He has a ________（趋势）to avoid direct eye contact when feeling nervous. 10. This gesture can be ________（理解为）a sign of respect in some countries. 【答案】 1. fascinating 2. ban 3. accompanies 4. vary 5. approve 6. appropriate 7. in ruins 8. distinguish 9. tendency 10. interpreted 【题型二】单句语法填空 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. Before they set out for the valley, they ________(make) enough food and water preparations.（过去完成时） 2. The scenery is so fascinating that it appeals ________ lots of tourists from home and abroad. 3. This time next month, we ________(explore) the famous national park together.（将来进行时） 4. Hardly ________(we wander) into the forest when the heavy wind came.（过去完成时倒装） 5. People’s facial expressions vary ________ their feelings. 6. By the end of last summer, we ________(visit) four different theme parks.（过去完成时） 7. Many people don’t approve ________ using rude gestures in public. 8. When you arrive at the resort, I ________(wait) for you at the gate.（将来进行时） 9. With the sun ________(set), we decided to put up our tent.（with复合结构） 10. Many gestures have ________(vary) meanings in different cultural backgrounds. 【答案】 1. had made 2. to 3. will be exploring 4. had we wandered 5. with 6. had visited 7. of 8. will be waiting 9. setting 10. various 【题型三】单项选择 1. By the time they got to the amusement park, the parade ______. A. has begun B. had begun C. begins D. will begin 2. This time next Saturday, we ______ around the vast national park. A. will tour B. will be touring C. are touring D. toured 3. He said that he ______ much knowledge about body‑language customs before he went abroad. A. gained B. has gained C. had gained D. would gain 4. The beautiful natural scenery appeals ______ a great number of travellers. A. for B. to C. with D. on 5. —Shall I ring you up at 7 tomorrow evening? —Sorry, I ______ a report on cross‑culture communication then. A. will be writing B. write C. wrote D. had written 6. Hardly ______ the boundary of the park when they saw a group of deer. A. they crossed B. they had crossed C. did they cross D. had they crossed 7. Many parents do not approve ______ their children staying out late. A. to B. for C. of D. with 8. By the end of last term, we ______ more than ten articles about different cultures. A. read B. have read C. had read D. would read 9. People’s greetings vary ______ culture to culture. A. from B. with C. in D. for 10. When you come next week, we ______ preparing for the field trip to the national park. A. are B. will be C. were D. had been 【答案】 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.B 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 知识清单02 选择性必修第一册Unit 3 ~ Unit 4 单元词汇短语句型梳理 📚重点单词 名词(n.)theme, sanctuary, glacier, valley, deer, wolf, ban, amusement, avenue, resort, fountain, giant, swing, gesture, interaction, barrier, interpretation, favour, anger, reliable, assessment, tendency, component, identity 动词(v.)appeal, ban, amuse, accompany, set, roar, wander, vary, approve, witness, employ, differ, favour, interpret, clarify, occupy, stare, distinguish 形容词(adj.)fascinating, vast, rare, spectacular, primitive, delicious, enormous, appropriate, contradictory, genuine, awkward, reliable, identical 副词(adv.)literally, scarcely, merely, consequently  📋重点短语 1. appeal to 对……有吸引力；呼吁 2. set out 出发；启程；着手做 3. ban sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事 4. be accompanied by 由……陪伴/伴随 5. in ruins 沦为废墟 6. on the boundary of 在……边界 7. feed on 以……为食 8. vary from…to… 由……到……各不相同 9. approve of 赞成；认可 10. by contrast/by comparison 相比之下 11. interpret…as… 把……理解为…… 12. make inferences 推理；推断 13. make a difference 有影响；起作用 14. get through 通过；完成；渡过难关 15. break down 分解；出故障；情绪失控 16. be appropriate to 适合于…… 17. favour sb with sth 赐予；给予 18. distinguish…from… 区分……与……  📙必备句型 1. Following the reindeer were the Sami people, who made this territory their home. 在驯鹿之后来的是萨米人，他们在这片土地上安家落户。 解析：完全倒装句，分词置于句首引起全部倒装；who引导非限制性定语从句。 2. Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you! 无论你喜欢哪一个、无论你喜欢什么，总会有一个奇妙无比的主题公园让你流连忘返。 解析：whichever/whatever引导让步状语从句，that引导定语从句。 3. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings. 语言固然重要，但人们站立、抱臂、摆手的方式同样可以传递情绪信息。 解析：the way作先行词，省略关系词的定语从句。 4. It is apparent that body language plays an important role in cross‑cultural communication. 很明显肢体语言在跨文化交流中扮演重要角色。 解析：it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。 5. With local animals wandering freely around the park, visitors can enjoy the beauty of nature. 公园里当地动物自由漫步，游客可以欣赏自然之美。 解析：with复合结构：with +宾语+现在分词作宾补。 6. It was not until dusk that they set out to look for the missing deer. 直到黄昏，他们才出发去寻找那只走失的鹿。 解析：not…until强调句型。 7. The instant they arrived at the theme park, they screamed with excitement. 他们一到达主题公园就兴奋地尖叫起来。 解析：the instant引导时间状语从句，“一……就……”。 8. What concerns us most is that gestures may have different meanings in different cultures. 最让我们担心的是手势在不同文化中含义可能不一样。 解析：what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句。  📕单元语法 Unit 3语法：①过去进行时的被动语态（was/were being done）：过去某一时刻正在被进行的动作 ②过去完成时的被动语态（had been done）：过去的过去已经被完成的动作 Unit 4语法：名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句；引导词that/what/whether；陈述语序；it作形式主语/形式宾语  ✍单元写作 写作1（Unit 3）：介绍景点/主题公园说明文 写作2（Unit 4）：跨文化交际短文，介绍肢体语言差异，给出交际建议。 知识点01 重点词类 1. fascinating /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ adj. ______________________________（fascinate v.使着迷） 2. appeal /əˈpiːl/ vi. ______________________________ (appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力) 3. ban /bæn/ vt. ______________________________ n.____________ (ban sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事) 4. amuse /əˈmjuːz/ vt.______________________________(amuse sb with sth；be amused at) 5. accompany /əˈkʌmpəni/ vt.______________________________(accompany sb to sp；be accompanied by) 6. set /set/ v.______________________________ (set out 出发；set aside留出；set up建立) 7. vast /vɑːst/ adj.______________________________ 8. rare /reə(r)/ adj.______________________________ 9. vary /ˈveəri/ vi.______________________________ (vary from…to…；vary in；vary with) 10. appropriate /əˈprəʊpriət/ adj.______________________________ (be appropriate to/for) 11. approve /əˈpruːv/ vi.____________________ vt._________________________ (approve of sth赞成某事) 12. witness /ˈwɪtnəs/ vt.______________________________ n.______________________________ 13. employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ vt.______________________________ 14. differ /ˈdɪfə(r)/ vi.______________________________ (differ from；differ in) 15. favour /ˈfeɪvə(r)/ vt._________________________ n._________________ (do sb a favour；in favour of) 16. interpret /ɪnˈtɜːprɪt/ vt.______________________________ (interpret…as…) 17. clarify /ˈklærɪfaɪ/ vt.______________________________ 18. occupy /ˈɒkjupaɪ/ vt.______________________________ (occupy oneself in doing sth忙于做某事) 19. stare /steə(r)/ vi.&n.______________________________ (stare at) 20. distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ vi.&vt.______________________________(distinguish…from…) 知识点02 高频短语 1. ______________________________对……有吸引力；呼吁 2. ______________________________出发；启程；着手做（____________________________着手做） 3. ______________________________ 禁止某人做某事 4. ______________________________ 由……陪伴；伴随 5. ______________________________沦为废墟 6. ______________________________在……的边界 7. ______________________________以……为食 8.______________________________由……到……各不相同 9. ______________________________赞成；认可 10. ______________________________相比之下 11.______________________________ 把……理解为…… 12. ______________________________ 推理；推断 13. ______________________________ 有影响；起作用 14. ______________________________通过；完成；渡过难关 15. ______________________________分解；出故障；情绪失控 16. ______________________________适合于…… 17. ______________________________ 帮某人一个忙 18. ______________________________ 支持；赞同 19. ______________________________区分……和…… 20. ______________________________在……的帮助下 知识点03 重点句型 1. 完全倒装：分词/形容词置于句首+谓语+主语 Following the reindeer ______________________________the Sami people, who made this territory their home. 翻译：跟在驯鹿后面而来的是萨米人，他们在这片土地安家落户。 2. whichever / whatever 引导让步状语从句 ______________________________route you choose, you will enjoy the amazing natural scenery. 翻译：无论你选择哪一条路线，你都会欣赏到令人惊叹的自然风光。 3. the way +定语从句（先行词the way，关系词可省略） ______________________________people greet each other varies from culture to culture. 翻译：人们互相问候的方式因文化而异。 4. It is apparent that…（it形式主语） ______________________________ we should pay attention to body language in cross‑cultural communication. 翻译：很明显在跨文化交流中我们应当注意肢体语言。 5. with复合结构 with +宾语 + doing/done/to do/adj./prep短语 ______________________________, we set out for the nearby resort. 翻译：随着太阳下山，我们动身前往附近的度假胜地。 6. It was not until…that… 直到……才（强调句型） ______________________________midnight ___________________they finished exploring the valley. 翻译：直到午夜他们才结束山谷的探险。 7. The instant (that) 引导时间状语从句，一……就…… ______________________________ we caught sight of the giant fountain, we felt excited. 翻译：我们一看见巨大的喷泉就激动起来。 8. what引导主语从句+that表语从句 ______________________________ is that gestures carry cultural messages. 翻译：我们应当牢记的是手势承载着文化信息。 知识点04 重点语法 考点一 过去进行时的被动语态（Past Continuous Passive） 1.基本结构 ✅肯定：主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词(done) The bridge was being built at that time. 那座桥在那时正在被修建。 ❌否定：主语+ was/were not + being + done The bridge was not being built at that time. ❓一般疑问：Was/Were +主语 + being + done…? Was the bridge being built at that time? 2.含义 过去某特定时刻/时间段，主语正在被……，强调过去某个时间点正在承受的被动动作。 时间标志：at that time；this time yesterday；when引导一般过去时从句。 When we got there, the wildlife reserve was being protected by local volunteers.当我们到达那里时，野生动物保护区正被当地志愿者保护着。 ⚠辨析： • 过去进行时主动：was/were doing（过去正在做） • 过去进行时被动：was/were being done（过去正在被做） 考点二 过去完成时的被动语态（Past Perfect Passive） 1.基本结构 ✅肯定：主语 + had been + 过去分词(done) The old temple had been damaged before the rescue team arrived.救援队到达之前，这座古庙就已经遭到损毁。 ❌否定：主语 + had not(hadn’t) been + done The old temple hadn’t been damaged before the rescue team arrived. ❓一般疑问：Had +主语 + been + done…? Had the old temple been damaged before the rescue team arrived? 2.含义 过去的过去已经被完成；一个被动动作，发生在另一个过去动作之前。 标志：by+过去时间；by the time+一般过去时；主句为一般过去时的宾语从句。 By the end of last winter, many trees had been planted in the park.到去年冬天结束为止，公园里已经种下很多树。 ⚠易混对比 过去进行时被动 was/were being done 过去某时刻正在被做  过去完成时被动 had been done 过去的过去已经被做完  考点三 名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句） 1. 定义：在句中起名词作用的从句，共四类。 • 主语从句：从句充当句子主语；常用it作形式主语 • 宾语从句：放在动词/介词后作宾语；可使用it作形式宾语 • 表语从句：放在系动词后作表语 • 同位语从句：解释抽象名词fact, idea, news, thought的具体内容，that不作成分，不可省略 2.引导词 ①that：无词义，不作成分；宾语从句可省略，其余从句不能省略 ②whether：是否；不作成分；主语/表语/同位语从句、介词后面只用whether，不用if ③连接代词 what/ who/ whom/ whose/which：从句内部充当主、宾、定语 ④连接副词 when/where/why/how：从句内部充当状语 3.核心铁律：名词性从句一律用陈述语序：引导词+主语+谓语 考点01 词类转换 （派生词）— 最高频 1. __________v.使着迷 → __________adj.迷人的 → __________n.着迷；魅力 2. __________v.使娱乐 → __________adj.感到开心的 → __________adj.令人好笑的 → __________n.娱乐 3. __________v.陪伴 → __________n.伴随物；伴奏 4. __________v.变化 → __________n.多样性 → __________adj.各种各样的 → __________adj.多变的 5. __________v.赞成；批准 → __________n.赞成；认可 → __________n.不赞成 6. __________v./n.见证；目击者 → __________adj.有见证的 7. __________v.相异 → __________n.差别 → __________adj.不同的 8. __________v.口译；理解 → __________n.解释；口译 9. __________v.阐明 → __________n.澄清；说明 10. __________v.占据 → __________n.职业；占据 → __________adj.被占用的 11. __________v.凝视 → __________adj.目不转睛的 12. __________v.区分 → __________n.区别；差别 → __________adj.截然不同 13. __________adj.恰当的 → __________adv.适当地 → __________adj.不恰当 14. __________n./v.恩惠；偏爱 → __________adj.有利的；赞许的 15. __________n.愤怒 → __________adj.愤怒的 → __________adv.愤怒地 16. __________v.依靠 → __________adj.可靠的 → __________n.可靠性 17. __________v.倾向于 → __________n.趋势；倾向 18. __________v.识别 → __________n.身份 → __________adj.完全相同的 19. __________adj.明显的 → __________adv.显然地 20. __________v.反驳 → __________adj.相互矛盾的 考点02 介词填空 — 必考 1. appeal __________对……有吸引力 2. ban sb __________doing sth 禁止某人做某事 3. be accompanied __________由……陪伴 4. vary from…__________… 从……到……不等 5. approve __________赞成 6. be appropriate __________/__________适合于 7. interpret sth __________sth 把……理解为 8. distinguish A __________B 区分A与B 9. in favour __________支持；赞同 10. set out __________ sth 着手做某事 辨析01 vary / change 词/词语 用法 搭配 vary 侧重同类事物之间存在差异、各不相同 vary from…to… change 侧重事物本身发生改变，前后不一样 The weather changes quickly here. 辨析02 approve / agree 词/词语 用法 搭配 approve of 赞成某人/某事（加of），侧重认可 Her parents don’t approve of her decision. agree 同意观点计划 agree with sb 题型 考查内容 示例 建议题量/难度 单词拼写 单元词义、词性变形；名词复数、动词变形；形容词副词转换 根据汉语写出vast，distinguish，appropriate，adjust；注意派生词变形 10题 / ★ 单句语法填空 词形转换、介词；过去进行时被动(was/were being done)、过去完成时被动(had been done)；名词性从句引导词 This time yesterday the house ________(repair).(was being repaired)；By last winter many trees ________(plant).(had been planted) 10 题 / ★ 完成句子 单元短语、重点句型；两大被动时态输出；名词性从句 他赞成保护野生动物：He ________ ________ protecting wildlife.(approves of) 8 题 / ★★ 选词填空 方框选词+变形；时态被动变形、派生词变形；语境辨析 方框词：witness，distinguish，adjust，approve，ban；The great change ________ by the local old people.(was witnessed) 8 题 / ★★ 单项选择 词汇短语辨析；两大被动时态辨析；名词性从句引导词辨析；倒装句型 By the time he arrived, the building .（had been destroyed）； is known to us is that culture matters.（What） 10 题 / ★★ 句型转换 主动↔被动改写（过去进行时、过去完成时）；简单句合并为名词性从句；直接引语改间接引语 Workers were building the dam.改为被动；Two sentences合并为同位语从句/表语从句 6题 / ★★ 短语翻译 单元重点短语中英互译，关注介词易错点 live in harmony with；approve of；in favour of；adjust to；occur to sb. 8题 / ★ 词义配对 单词‑释义连线；单元高频动词形容词匹配含义 match words: distinguish‑tell apart；approve‑agree；adjust‑change to fit 8 题 / ★ 完形填空 语篇主题：自然风光旅行、跨文化交际；动词名词辨析、短语搭配；时态逻辑判断 选项：witness，distinguish，adjust，approve；短语in favour of, adjust to；判断过去进行/过去完成被动语境 1篇（15空） / ★★ 阅读理解 主题：国家公园介绍、跨文化交际；细节理解、推理判断；读懂被动时态、名词性从句长难句 两篇阅读；识别过去进行时被动、过去完成时被动动作先后；读懂名词性从句语义 2篇 / ★★ 书面表达 Unit3自然风光说明文；Unit4跨文化交际短文；要求使用单元词汇句型、两大被动时态、名词性从句 任务1：介绍一座国家公园；任务2：写短文谈谈肢体语言与跨文化礼仪；词数80‑110词 1题 / ★★★ 题型 012 单词拼写(夯实双基，厚积薄发) 技巧 一句话要点 单词拼写 ——定词性→判变形→核对拼写 ①判断空格词性（名/动/形/副）；②动词重点关注两大被动时态：过去进行时被动要加being，过去完成时被动要加been；③注意长单词distinguish、appropriate拼写；④代入通读校验语义。 单句语法填空 ——有提示考时态语态，无提示填虚词；抓时间标志判断语法 ①动词提示词：at that time / this time yesterday →优先was/were being done；by+过去时间 / by the time+一般过去时 →优先had been done；②名词性从句：句子完整不缺成分填that；缺主宾填what；表“是否”填whether；③介词固定搭配：approve of、occur to、in favour of；④it可作形式主语/形式宾语。  完成句子 ——先标词性读语境，选词勿忘变形，做完核查剩余词 ①定位中文对应的单元固定短语；②看到过去特定时刻考虑过去进行时被动；看到“过去的过去已经被”考虑过去完成时被动；③名词性从句保证陈述语序；④核查介词、主谓一致。  选词填空 ——每个单词只用一次；最后核对剩余词汇 ①标注方框每个单词词性，通读把握语境；②动词务必做时态语态变形（was/were being done / had been done）；注意‑ed/‑ing形容词、名词复数；③每个单词只用一次，做完检查剩余词。  单项选择 ——抓时间线索判语法；翻译代入排除错误选项 ①圈画时间线索：at that time →过去进行被动；by+过去时间→过去完成被动；②名词性从句：看从句是否缺成分，缺成分what，不缺成分that；③not only置于句首要部分倒装；④代入翻译排除选项。  句型转换 ——宾变主改写被动不忘being；过去背景will改为would ①过去进行时主动变被动：宾语变主语，结构was/were being done；②过去完成时主动变被动：had been done；③合并名词性从句，从句必须使用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。  短语翻译 ——固定搭配重点记介词，不要随意修改 ①重点记忆短语内部介词approve of、adjust to、occur to sb.；②to/of多为介词，后接doing；③严格使用课本原短语翻译。  词义配对 ——读懂含义一一对应，完成后复查校验 ①读懂单词与释义；重点区分distinguish，approve，adjust；②全部完成后复查，避免错配。  完形填空 ——先通读抓主旨；动词重搭配，答案服从上下文逻辑 ①先完整读一遍文章，不要边读边做；②动词看搭配；by‑the‑time、at that time线索留意两大被动时态；③答案必须贴合上下文逻辑。  阅读理解 ——细节题回原文定位找证据；推理切忌照搬原文 ①细节题回原文定位比对；②识别过去进行被动（过去正在被）、过去完成被动（过去之前已被）理清事件先后；③拆解名词性从句长难句，抓主干；推理题不能直接摘抄原文。  书面表达 ——分清写作格式；时态优先准确；优先保证句子正确率 ①写公园说明文，描述过去正在被开展的保护动作用过去进行时被动；描述早已完成的保护举措用过去完成时被动；②跨文化交际写作，适当运用what引导主语从句、that同位语从句提升句式；③控制词数，避免写语法复杂的错句。  【题型一】单词拼写 根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式 1. The national park is ________（迷人的）to thousands of visitors every year. 2. The local government will ________（禁止）tourists from feeding wild animals. 3. Music ________（陪伴）him whenever he takes a long‑distance trip. 4. Customs ________（变化）from one culture to another around the world. 5. Most of his classmates ________（赞成）of his plan to visit the theme park. 6. It is not ________（恰当的）to use this gesture in formal situations. 7. The old temple lay ________（沦为废墟）after the heavy storm. 8. We should learn to ________（区分）right from wrong in cross‑cultural communication. 9. He has a ________（趋势）to avoid direct eye contact when feeling nervous. 10. This gesture can be ________（理解为）a sign of respect in some countries. 【题型二】单句语法填空 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. Before they set out for the valley, they ________(make) enough food and water preparations.（过去完成时） 2. The scenery is so fascinating that it appeals ________ lots of tourists from home and abroad. 3. This time next month, we ________(explore) the famous national park together.（将来进行时） 4. Hardly ________(we wander) into the forest when the heavy wind came.（过去完成时倒装） 5. People’s facial expressions vary ________ their feelings. 6. By the end of last summer, we ________(visit) four different theme parks.（过去完成时） 7. Many people don’t approve ________ using rude gestures in public. 8. When you arrive at the resort, I ________(wait) for you at the gate.（将来进行时） 9. With the sun ________(set), we decided to put up our tent.（with复合结构） 10. Many gestures have ________(vary) meanings in different cultural backgrounds. 【题型三】单项选择 1. By the time they got to the amusement park, the parade ______. A. has begun B. had begun C. begins D. will begin 2. This time next Saturday, we ______ around the vast national park. A. will tour B. will be touring C. are touring D. toured 3. He said that he ______ much knowledge about body‑language customs before he went abroad. A. gained B. has gained C. had gained D. would gain 4. The beautiful natural scenery appeals ______ a great number of travellers. A. for B. to C. with D. on 5. —Shall I ring you up at 7 tomorrow evening? —Sorry, I ______ a report on cross‑culture communication then. A. will be writing B. write C. wrote D. had written 6. Hardly ______ the boundary of the park when they saw a group of deer. A. they crossed B. they had crossed C. did they cross D. had they crossed 7. Many parents do not approve ______ their children staying out late. A. to B. for C. of D. with 8. By the end of last term, we ______ more than ten articles about different cultures. A. read B. have read C. had read D. would read 9. People’s greetings vary ______ culture to culture. A. from B. with C. in D. for 10. When you come next week, we ______ preparing for the field trip to the national park. A. are B. will be C. were D. had been 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $