清单02 单元语法梳理归纳【考点清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期中考点大串讲（上教版2020选择性必修一）（上海专用）

2024-2025学年高二上期中考点大串讲（上教版2020） 专题02 单元语法总结归纳 上教版选择性必修一 Unit 1 Feeling good 【单元语法】 过去完成时 1．意义和构成： 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或状态(亦可以说是“过去的过去”)。过去完成时由“had＋过去分词”构成。 He had already been to New York earlier in the week. 本周早些时候他去过纽约。 Jane had just left when you rang. 你打电话时简刚走。 The country had not yet recovered from the effects of the war.这个国家尚未从战争的影响下复原。 2．过去完成时的用法 (1)表示较早的过去 表示较早的过去，即某一时刻之前已完成的动作或状态。 After we had landed，the plane was searched thoroughly.我们降落后，飞机被彻底搜查了一遍。When she heard that her father had died in the accident，she burst out crying. 当她听说她父亲在这次事故中丧生时便大哭起来。 (2)用于间接引语 过去完成时的作用有时完全相当于现在完成时的过去形式，在间接引语中多有这种情况。 Helen said (that) she had moved to another flat. 海伦说她已搬到另一套公寓去了。 (3)用于宾语从句 过去完成时表示一个过去的动作先于另一个过去动作的用法，多见于宾语从句。一般说来，主句中用了know(知道)，realize(意识到)，think(认为)，suppose(猜想)，guess(推测)，find(找到)，discover(发现)，decide(决定)，remember(想起)，forget(忘记)等动词的一般过去时，如果宾语从句中的动作先于主句的动作，通常用过去完成时。 We realized we had lost our way. 我们意识到我们迷路了。 I didn’t think to ask her if she had passed her examination.我没有想问她是否考试及格了。 (4)强调过去动作的完成 I began collecting stamps in February and by November I had collected more than 2,000. 我从2月份开始集邮，到11月已收集到2 000多枚。 By six o’clock they had worked for 8 hours. 到6点钟他们已经工作了8小时了。(可能还没结束) (5)用于虚拟语气 过去完成时的这一用法，常见于虚拟语气句中。 If only we had listened to their advice! 我们要是听了他们的建议就好了！ I’d rather you hadn’t been present. 我宁愿你当时不在场。 If I had asked for directions，I wouldn’t have gotten lost.如果我问一下路，就不会迷失方向了。 (6)表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算和意图 过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图，只适用于下列动词：expect(期待)，hope(希望)，intend(打算)，mean(打算)，suppose(料想)，think(认为)，want(想要)等。 We had hoped that you would be able to visit us. 我们原本希望你会来拜访我们。 I had meant to take a good holiday this year，but I was not able to leave. 我本打算今年好好去度假，只是脱不开身。 (7)过去完成时还可用于某些固定句型中：hardly...when...，no sooner...than...，It was the first time that...等。 It was the first time that the girl had talked to a famous astronaut. 这是女孩第一次和一位著名宇航员进行交谈。 Hardly had he got home when he began to go over his lessons.他一回到家就开始复习功课。 No sooner had they arrived than they were asked to a party.他们刚一到达就被叫到了一个派对上。 3．过去完成时和一般过去时的区别： (1)过去完成时和一般过去时用于同一个句子中表示过去事件发生的顺序。 When I arrived，she left.(I arrived and then she left.) 我到达时她离开了。 When I arrived，she had left.(She left before I arrived.)我到达之前她离开了。 (2)过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态，即：过去完成时强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。 He studied there two years ago. 两年前他在那儿学习。(离现在两年) He said he had studied there two years ago. 他说他在那儿学习了两年。(离他说话时两年) (3)表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and，then，but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。 He said he went the shop and bought some food. 他说他去商店买了一些食品。 【课堂练习】 Ⅰ.选词填空 1．When we arrived，those experts ____(have left/had left) the village. 2．He _____(had worked/worked) there for two years.Now he is in China. 3．The girl _____(had visited/will visit) her teacher when she gets there. 4．He told us that he______(had planted/planted) more than 200 trees already. 5．It was the second time that he______(has talked/had talked) to a foreigner. 【答案】 1.had left 2.worked 3.will visit 4. had planted 5. had talked Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. 到上学期期末为止，我已经学了2 000个英语单词。 ________________________________________________________________________ 2.当老师走进教室时，刘红已经回家了。 ________________________________________________________________________ 3.当妈妈到家时，我已经做了十道数学题。 ________________________________________________________________________ 4.老师问我们是否做完了作业。 ________________________________________________________________________ 5.他说这个地方他已经参观过两次了。 ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．I had learned 2,000 English words by the end of last term. 2．When the teacher came into the classroom，Liu Hong had gone home. 3．When my mother got home，I had already done 10 maths problems. 4．The teacher asked if we had finished doing our homework. 5．He said that he had visited the place twice already. Ⅲ. 单句语法填空 1．How many English novels____ you _____(read) so far? 2．When we got to the station，the train _____(leave) already. 3．He ______(learn) 3,000 words before he went to England. 4．The old man told us that he _____(travel) to many places. 5．It was the third time that he ______(see) such a large animal. 6．He ______(plan) to help his friend，but he was too busy then. 7．Hardly ___he ____(begin) his speech when the audience interrupted him. 8．I didn’t know a thing about verbs，for I ______(not，study) my lessons. 9．Edison _____(build) a chemistry lab by the time he was ten. 10．I met Wang Hua in the street yesterday.We _____(not，see) each other for a long time. 【答案】 1. have;read 2.had left 3.had learned 4.had travelled 5. had seen 6. had planned 7.had ;begun 8.hadn’t studied 9.had built 10.hadn’t seen Ⅳ.单句写作 11．那是他第一次来到一个这么大的城市。(come) ________________________________________________________________________ 12．那天他告诉我们，他已经决定放弃那个计划了。(tell) ________________________________________________________________________ 13．近几年这个村里发生了很大变化。(take place) ________________________________________________________________________ 14．现在他在北京居住。他在美国待过两年。(live) ________________________________________________________________________ 15．她刚刚做完作业，妈妈就让她弹钢琴。(finish) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 11. It was the first time that he had come to such a big city. 12. He told us that he had decided to give up that plan that day. 13. Great changes have taken place in this village in recent years. 14. Now he’s living in Beijing.He stayed in the America for two years. 15. She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to play the piano. 上教版选择性必修一 Unit 2 Making a difference 【单元语法】 将来进行时 一、将来进行时概念：主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。 二、将来进行时构成：将来进行时是由“shall/will + be + 现在分词”构成的。 例如：Don't phone me between 8:00 and 10:00. We'll be having classes then.（8点到10点之间不要给我打电话，我们那时正在上课。） 三、基本用法：表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作。 例如：The minister will be giving a speech on international affairs.（部长将就国际事务发表演讲。） 四、特殊用法： 1. 将来进行时表事情的发展： 例如：I'll be seeing Mr. Smith tomorrow.（我明天将见到史密斯先生。） 注意：有时这种时态含有一种附带的意思，语气较为委婉。例如：I'll be finishing it.（我一会儿就完了。）附带的含义可能是“过一会儿你就会拿到它了。” 2. 将来进行时表原因、结果、可能： 表原因——Please come tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow morning I'll be having meeting.（请你明天下午来吧。明天上午我有一个会。） 表结果——If I fail to appear by 7 o'clock, I will not be coming at all.（如果我七点钟不到，我就不会来了。） 表可能——He will be telling you about it tonight.（他今晚会告诉你这件事。） 3. 将来进行时表委婉： 例如：Will you be needing anything else?（你还需要什么吗？） 4. 将来进行时与将来一般时连用：将来进行时常可置于将来一般时之后表稍靠后的安排。 例如：My duties will end in July and I will be returning to Arizona in the US.（我的工作七月结束，之后我将回到美国亚利桑那州。） 五、注意点： 1）这种将来进行时也可和其他表将来的时态连用。 例如：I'm going to do my homework first, and then I'll be watching TV.（我将先做作业，然后再看电视。） 2）在下面的句子中，will是情态动词，意谓“大概”或“一定”，不表将要而表现在，常与now连用。 例如：They’ll be watching television now.（他们现在大概在看电视呢。） 六、将来进行时和一般将来时的区别 1.一般将来时泛指未来发生的动作。一般将来进行时指未来某个时间正在发生的动作。 I will play basketball tomorrow. 我明天要去打篮球。 I will be playing basketball this time tomorrow. 明天这个时间我正在打篮球。 2.谈论同一件事情时，一般将来进行时的语气更加委婉、礼貌。 例如boss问本喵周六加班吗，可以说： Will you work this Saturday？ 而本喵抱着你不来我就偷懒的心情问boss周六来不来，这样说比较礼貌： Will you be working this Saturday? 3. Will可以表示主观的意愿，而will be doing则仅表示客观行为。例如： He won’t borrow me some cash. 他不会愿意借钱给我。 He won’t be borrowing me some cash. 他不会借钱给我 【课堂练习】 一、单项选择： 1．This time next year I _____________ on a beach. A．is lying B．have lied C．will lie D．will be lying 2．—Hi, Colin. Why do you look so excited? —Well, my brother Toby together with me ________ to Morocco at 4:00 tomorrow afternoon. A．will fly B．will be flying C．is flying D．has been flying 3．My brother will have to take care of you. I'll call him today and he ______ you. A．has expected B．will have expected C．expects D．will be expecting 4．- If you see Sally， can you ask her to phone me？ 一 Sure． I ___ her this evening， so I'll tell her then． A．will be seeing B．will have seen C．would see D．have seen 5．They ______ with us for the time being. A．would stay B．stay C．have been staying D．will be staying 6．Tom has been dreaming of becoming a banker and I believe he finance in university at the age of 20. A．will be studying B．had studied C．has studied D．would study 7．-Can I pay a visit to you this Friday afternoon manager？ -Sorry, I some American business partners the whole afternoon. A．have met B．have been meeting C．will be meeting D．will have met 8．﹣The president will come to attend your lecture at 10：00 tomorrow． ﹣﹣I'm sorry， by then my lecture will have just ended and I _________ my fans in my office． A．have met B．will have met C．will meet D．will be meeting 9．In less than two months, the world________ the UAE Asian Cup. A．was watching B．watched C．will be watching D．has been watching 10．------Mom, is Dad coming to pick us up? ------Yes, I am sure he _________ on the platform when we pull into the station. A．stands B．stood C．has stood D．will be standing 11．—Don’t make a special journey to pick up the laundry for me. —It’s OK. I ________ to the shop anyway. A．was going B．will have gone C．have gone D．will be going 12．—I feel scared, sir. —Don’t worry. I outside your house tonight any emergency. A．will be staying; in control of B．am about to stay; in case of C．am about to stay; in control of D．will be staying; in case of 13．—Could you meet me at the airport at nine o’clock? —I’d like to, but I’m afraid I ________ a very important lecture then. A．am attending B．was attending C．will be attending D．will have attended 14．— Could I borrow your car to pick up a friend from the airport this afternoon as mine is broken? —Sorry, but I ________ a my car at that moment. A．am suing B．have been using C．will use D．will be using 15．Dear friend, I ______ on a train to Fudan University when you read this letter. A．will sit B．sit C．will be sitting D．have sat 16．We all know that good results ________ for you when you start doing things you love. A．are waiting B．have waited C．have been waiting D．will be waiting 17．—Is it convenient for you to go shopping with me at eight tomorrow morning? —I’m afraid not. I ______ then. A．will having a meeting B．am about to have a meeting C．am having a meeting D．will be having a meeting 18． --- I’ll come to see your performance at 9:00 tomorrow evening. --- I’m sorry, but by then my performance ____ and I ____ reporters in the meeting room. A．will have ended; will be meeting B．will end; will meet C．will be ended; am going to meet D．is to end; will meet 19．—There’ll be billions of people to watch the Spring Festival gala on TV tonight. —I know. The whole world ________.It’s a really wonderful event. A．watches B．is watching C．has watched D．will be watching 20．Isn’t it lovely to think that I ________ myself on the sunny beach tomorrow at this time. A．will enjoy B．will be enjoying C．am enjoying D．shall enjoy 21．-- Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon? -- I'm sorry, but by then I ____ to Beijing. How about five? A．fly B．will fly C．will be flying D．am flying 22．— The “No. 1 Document” is designed to help the rural population increase their incomes. — I believe that peasants’ life ______ better and better. A．will have got B．has got C．gets D．will be getting 23．—I didn't see Jack at the meeting yesterday. —He _______ some foreign guests around our school at that time. A．is showing B．showed C．had shown D．was showing 24．— Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon? —I'm sorry, but at that time I_____ an important meeting. How about five? A．am having B．have had C．will be having D．have been having 25．Don’t worry! You won’t miss her at the airport. She ____a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time. A．has worn B．will be wearing C．was wearing D．wore 26．What _____ you _____ at 6 o’clock tomorrow evening? A．will; be doing B．are; doing C．will; have done D．are; done 27．– Shall I call you at this time tomorrow afternoon? – Sorry, I ______ an exam on DingTalk. A．will be taking B．will take C．will have taken D．am taking 28．I’m sorry but I will be occupied this afternoon. At three o’clock I _________ some guests from Africa. A．will be receiving B．am receiving C．receive D．am to receive 29．—I'll attend your lecture after I finish my class tomorrow. —I'm afraid by then I will have concluded my lecture and _____ my guests in my office. A．meet B．have met C．will be meeting D．am meeting 30．—Hopefully, China’s economic power is likely to increase in the years to come. —Well, trust me, more and more foreigners ________ employment here. A．seek B．are seeking C．will have sought D．will be seeking 答案 1．D2．B3．D4．A5．D6．A7．C8．D9．C10．D11．D12．D13．C14．D15．C16．D 17．D18．A19．D20．B21．C22．D23．D24．C25．B26．A27．A28．A29．C30．D 二、用单词的适当形式完成句子 1.This time last year, the bridge _________ (build). 2.To our surprise, this kind of shoes _________ (sell) well. 3.It _________ (rain) for a week; when will it stop? 4.Great changes _________ (take place) in my hometown in the past few years. 5.By the time Juan gets home, his father _________ (leave) for London. 6.This is the second time you _________ (ask) to give a lecture. 7.When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother _________ (not send) to hospital yet. 8.Don’t delay! Tack _________ (wait) for you anxiously at the moment. 9.At this time tomorrow the doctor _________ (operate) on a patient. 10.I am not used to _________ (treat) like this. 11.I won't be able to watch the program because I________（do）my homework. 12.It's no use trying to see him at six this evening because he_______（work）in the clinic then. 13.When he comes to my house tomorrow, I________（write）the report. 14.He__________（complain）then in the supermarket. 15.I think that the doctor_________（work）on the surgery until tomorrow morning. 16.We_________（cycle）to work this time next week. 17.This time tomorrow they_______（play）bowling or softball. 18.I think that she ______________(work) on this experiment until next morning. 19.By this time tomorrow, I _______ (lie) on the beach. 20.I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I _______(meet) my guests. 21.We won't be available at 2 o'clock tomorrow afternoon, because we_____________________ (attend) an art workshop at that time. 22.I'm sorry that I can't answer your phone call at 3:00 this afternoon because I ________ (teach) a class at that time. 23.You can’t miss him. He ____________(wear)a dark green suit and a yellow tie waiting for you. 24.I________________ (attend) an important meeting this time tomorrow, so I can't attend the talk show. 25.Hopefully you _______(do) your part by reading PsyBlog in a cap and gown. 26.In the future, we_________(use) advanced technology every day for automatic control of just about everything in our home. 27.If you work out in the mornings, then you _________ (get) the calorie burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep. 28.Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she _______(teach) a class at that time. 29.He__________ (lie) on one of the sunny beaches in Hawaii all day when he spends his holiday there. 30.Don’t call me between 2:00 and 4:00 this afternoon. I_________ (have) an test then. 答案： 1.was being built2.sells3.has been raining4.have taken place5.will have left6.have been asked 7.hadn’t been sent8.is waiting9.will be operating10.being treated11.will be doing12.will be working13.will be writing14.will be complaining15.will be working16.shall/will be cycling 17.will be playing18.will be working19.will be lying20.will be meeting21.will be attending/will attend22.will be teaching23.will be wearing24.will be attending25.will be doing26.will be using 27.will be getting28.will be teaching29.will be lying30.will be having 上教版选择性必修一Unit 3 Paying the price 【单元语法】 过去进行时及过去完成时的被动语态 一、语态的概念 英语中动词有主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)之分。如果主语是动作或状态的发出者，动词就用主动语态；如果主语是动作或状态的承受者，动词就用被动语态。被动语态的基本结构是：“助动词be/get＋及物动词的过去分词”。 二、过去完成时的被动语态的概念 过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的叠合。表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用，其构成形式为“had＋been＋过去分词”。 三、过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式 1．过去完成时的被动语态的肯定式为：主语＋had been done＋其他成分。 如：The task had been finished before 12：00 yesterday. 2．过去完成时的被动语态的否定式为：主语＋had not been done＋其他成分。 如：The task hadn’t been finished before 12：00 yesterday. 3．过去完成时的被动语态的疑问句式 (1)过去完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将had提到主语的前面，即had＋主语＋been done＋其他成分。 如：Had the task been finished before 12：00 yesterday? (2)过去完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词＋had＋主语＋been done＋其他成分。 如：What time had the task been finished yesterday? 四、过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况 1．表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 (1)By the time he got to the school，the first period had been finished. 当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。 (2)The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. 老师来之前，教室还没有打扫过。 (3)How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended? 飓风结束时摧毁了多少建筑物？ (4)Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting? 这个新计划在开会前讨论过吗？ 2．在 told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。 (1)They said the production costs of their company had been reduced. 他们说公司的生产成本已经降低了。 (2)The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. 这个男孩被提醒还没有交家庭作业。 (3)The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake. 媒体报道有1 000多人在地震中丧生。 3．根据语意可以判断出两个过去的动作发生先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 (1)As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet. 因为任务已经完成了，他继续上网。 (2)He did what he had been told to. 他是按要求做的。 五、过去完成时与现在完成时的被动语态的用法区别 现在完成时的被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作，过去完成时的被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。 如：This polluted river has been cleaned. 这条被污染了的河流已被净化。 析：该句表示到现在为止这条河流已被净化。 如：He said this book had been translated into Japanese.他说这本书已被译成日语。 析：该句表示到他说话时所体现的时间为止这本书已被译成日语。 【课堂练习】 1．Everything __________(get) ready by the time they arrived. 2．I found the lecture hard to follow because it ______(start) when I arrived. 3．When you get the paper back，pay special attention to what_________(mark)． 4．He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all，he _____(have) it for a very long time. 5．The boy _______(notice) stealing a bike by the police，so he was taken to the police station. 1.had been gotten 2.had started 3.has been marked 4.had had 5. had been noticed Ⅱ.完成句子 6.当我到电影院时，电影票已经卖完了。 7.校长说教学楼五月份前就已经完工了。 8.钱包是用报纸包着的，里面有一半他丢的钱。 9.但令我们吃惊的是，第二天早上，我们被告知那些钱被偷了。 10.他在来这儿之前已经事先了解了当地的风俗和人们的生活习惯。 6．All the film tickets had been sold out when I got to the cinema. 7．The headmaster said that the teaching building had been completed before May. 8．The wallet had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost. 9．But to our surprise，the next morning，we were told that the money had been stolen. 10．He had known the customs and living habits of the local people in advance before he came here. Ⅲ.句型转换 1．Somebody had broken into the room before we came.. →The room had been broken into before we came. 2．She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. →We had been given clear directions by her and we were able to find it easily. 3．The reports went missing in 2017 and they have not been seen by anybody since. →The reports went missing in 2017 and nobody has seen them since. 4．In the last few years，China has made great achievements in environmental protection. →Great achievements in environmental protection have been made by China in the last few years. 5．Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house，for his key had been left at school. →Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house，for he had left his key at school. 三、过去进行时的被动语态 1．概念 过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动性动作，就是指被动状态下的过去正在进行、发生的事情。 2．构成 ①肯定句：主语＋be(was/were)＋being done＋其他。 ②否定句：主语＋be(was/were)＋not＋being done＋其他。 ③一般疑问句：Be(was/were)＋主语＋being done＋其他？ ④特殊疑问句：Wh­＋be(was/were)＋主语＋being done＋其他？ 主动句： The teacher was telling Snow White [when I got there]． 主语　　　谓语　　　宾语　　　状语 当我到那里时，老师正在讲《白雪公主》。 被动句： (肯定句) Snow White was being told (by the teacher) [when I got there]． 主语　　　　谓语　　by＋执行者　　　状语 当我到那里时，《白雪公主》正在被(老师)讲。 (否定句) Snow White wasn’t being told when I got there. (疑问句) A：Was Snow White being told when I got there? B：Yes，it was./No，it wasn’t. (特殊疑问句) Why was Snow White being told (by the teacher) 疑问词　　　主语　　谓语　　 by＋执行者 [when I got there]? 状语 当我到那里时，为什么《白雪公主》正在被(老师)讲？ 3．用法 (1)表示过去进行的被动动作，经常和时间副词then，at this time last week，at this moment yesterday 等连用。 This issue was being discussed at this moment yesterday by the company’s managers. 这个议题昨天的这个时候正在被公司的经理们讨论。 (2)表示过去某个阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时动作不一定正在进行)。 It is said that his car was being repaired last Friday in the garage. 据说他的车上个周五正在修理厂被修。 (3)进行时的被动语态可以由“was/were＋under/on等介词＋名词”结构代替。 Many new inventions were on exhibition in the museum at this time last year. ＝Many new inventions were being exhibited in the museum at this time last year. 许多新发明去年的这个时候正在博物馆被展出。 He didn’t stay in my room last night because it was under repair. ＝He didn’t stay in my room last night because it was being repaired. 昨天晚上他没有住在我房间里，我的房间正在修缮。 【课堂练习】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．—Why didn’t you bring your computer here yesterday? —Oh，it __________(check) by my neighbor then. 2．The tiger _______(feed) some nice meat at that time yesterday. 3．Now we can cross the bridge which _______(build) this time last month. 4．He ______(play) the phone all the way and was almost knocked down by a car. 5．You aren’t worried about these rare birds，for something _______(do) to protect them at present. 1. was being checked 2.was being fed 3. was being built 4.was playing 5.is being done Ⅱ.完成句子 6.我经过教堂时，里面有很大的声响。 7.我第一次遇到Mary是在三年前。她那时在一个收音机商店上班。 8.他匆忙赶回家，从未回头看是否正被跟踪。 9.昨天早上他们一直在讨论这些问题。 10.昨天下午3点他正在操场与他的朋友们一起打篮球。 6．When I passed the church，some noise was being made inside. 7．I first met Mary three years ago.She was working at a radio shop at the time. 8．He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he was being followed. 9．These problems were being discussed by them the whole morning yesterday. 10．He was playing basketball with his friends on the playground at 3：00 p．m.yesterday. Ⅲ.句型转换 1．I was practicing my oral English at 8：00 yesterday evening. →My oral English was being practiced at 8：00 yesterday evening. 2．The dog bit her on the leg when she was catching it on the road. →She was bitten by the dog on the leg when she was catching it on the road. 3．A letter was being written last night.But I don’t know whether she has finished it or not. →I don’t know whether she has finished the letter being written last night or not. 4．He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.He heard a passenger crying for help. →He heard a passenger crying for help while riding beside the bus and waving his arms. 5．I remembered the car keys were put on the chair because the phone rang as I was coming in. →I remembered I put the car keys on the chair because the phone rang as I was coming in. 上教版选择性必修一 Unit 4 The senses 【单元语法】 表语从句 1、概述 用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；连系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；连系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。 The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。 That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields. 这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。 At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow. 当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。 2、由连接词that，whether引导的表语从句。 that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。 The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。 The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。 The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。 What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。 3、由连接代词引导的表语从句。 连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，代词不能省略。 The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。 The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。 That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。 That's what we should do.那是我们应该做的。 4、由连接副词引导的表语从句。 Go and get your coat. It's where you left it. 去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。 I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet through. 我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。 That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。That is what he is worried about.那就是他所担心的。 5、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。 It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。 That's because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事。 It seems as if he didn’t know the answer.好像他不知道答案。 可以接表语从句的系动词有： 1：be（being, been, am, is, are, was, were) 2: feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell 3: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay 4: become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run, fall 5: prove, turn out 系动词的固定搭配: come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild 【课堂练习】 一、句子翻译 1． 很可能我们的篮球队将成为篮球比赛的冠军。(The chances are that ) The chances are that our basketball team will become the champion of the basketball match. 2． 这病人的问题不在于他听不见而是他无法说话。(problem) The patient's problem is not that he can't hear, but that he can't speak. 3． 他英语学得糟糕的原因是因为他把注意力仅集中在语法上，而不是在交际上。(reason) The reason why he does poorly in English is that he only focuses on grammar, not on communication 8．他给我印象最深的是他是一个有能力的人。(impress) What impressed me most was that he was a capable man. 9． 使我失望的事不是你考试不及格，而是你学习不努力。(disappoint) What disappoints me is not that you failed the exam, but that you didn't study hard. 10． 使老师感到担忧的是，有些智力平平的学生对自己缺乏自信心。(average，lack) What worries the teacher is that some students with average intelligence lack self-confidence in themselves. 二、语法填空 1.When everyone quieted down，the speaker began to talk, saying that this is exactly _______ was happening in our lives. 2.Do you know why the first underground system was developed in London? That is_____ most railway tracks did not go into the London city centre. 3.The historical reason for beginning the New Year in such a time is _______it is the time between autumn harvest and spring plowing and planting. 4.As far as exercising is concerned, aerobic exercises (有氧运动) improve your memory by giving you more oxygen, and oxygen is ______brain cells grow healthily upon. 5.Nowadays,Chinese people are living in a fast-paced society , and they hardly have time to enjoy their food. That is _______China’s fast-food market expands. 6.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said,“That’s ________I was born.” 7.Actually, Lucy is a girl with several good qualities --- kind,helpful and bright. That is probably ___________she is very popular with the people around her. 8. Actually,that’s __________the spirit in a sport lies: respect competitors, teammates, coaches and even themselves. 9.He had made me conscious of my shortcomings; that is ________ he had me on the hook. 10. I’m surprised to know that you’ve handed in your paper so early. The question is __________ you can finish it in such a short time. 参考答案： 1.what 2.because 3. that 4.what 5.why 6. where 7.why 8.where 9.how 10.how 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$