真题重组卷（上海专用）高一英语上学期期中模拟卷

2026-2027学年高一上学期期中真题重组卷（上海专用） 英语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks use one word that best fits. How Old Wind Turbines Could Become Tiny Homes “Rubbish is immortal (永生的),” wrote Czech author Ivan Klima in his novel Love and Garbage. “What else is there 1 is so indestructible?” And even as we make the world into a greener place by embracing renewable energy, the problem of how to deal with waste 2 (remain) a difficult one to solve. The thing is, renewable energy tools like wind turbines (风力涡轮机) do a lot of good, but they also need 3 (recycle) and replacement is necessary when they get old. Many of the parts can be melted down and used again, but this comes at a cost to the environment, 4 the process produces carbon emissions. Luckily, experts have been working on ways to use these giant turbines again at the end of their lives. Old blades 5 (use) as noise barriers next to roads, as bike sheds, and as children’s playground equipment 6 kids can climb, slide, and explore in a safe, eco-friendly space, turning once-discarded industrial parts into places of joy and activity. And some of the stems — or nacelles (短舱), as the parts that contain the engines are known — have even been used for housing. Last year, a Swedish energy company called Vattenfall and Dutch firm Blade-Made worked together to create a tiny home made from a decommissioned turbine. Shown during Dutch Design Week in 2024, it 7 (measure) 4 meters wide, 10 meters long and three meters high and according to CNN is “surprisingly light and airy” 8 the glass doors at either end. Crucially, it was also compliant (符合的) with Dutch building rules. But with more and more turbines 9 (expect) to be replaced in the coming years, could they really help to solve housing crises? Jos de Krieger is a co-founder of Blade-Made, and he says: why not? His company, along with its collaborators, is planning to create 10 tiny homes using turbines. He told CNN that making old turbines into homes is “ 10 (complex) thing you can do” but now it has been done, anything is possible. “We need solutions,” he said, adding that he wants to “create stories, instead of waste.” Klima would surely approve. Section B （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．published    B．changed    C． answer    D．stayed     E. independent    F. spelling G. expression  H. actually    I. written   J. borrowing  K. increasingly Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English. How did these differences come about? There is no quick 11 to this question. At first, the language in Britain and America was the same. In 1776, America became an 12 country. After that, the language slowly began to change. For a long time, the language in America 13 the same, while the language in England 14 . For example, 300 years ago, the English talked about “fall”. Today, most British people talk about “autumn”, but Americans still talk about “fall”. In the same way Americans still use the 15 “I guess” (meaning “I think”), just as the British did 300 years ago. At the same time, British English and American English started 16 words from other languages, ending up with different words. For example, the British took “typhoon” from Chinese, while the Americans took “tornado” from Spanish. In 1828, Noah Webster 17 the first American dictionary. He wanted to make American English different from British English, so he changed the 18 of many words. That’s why the words “colour”, “centre” and “traveller” are spelt “color”, “center” and “traveler” in American English. Except for these differences in spelling, 19 English is more or less the same in both British and American English. Now English has become 20 popular. English people have begun to learn the relatively simple American English, and even other countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, South Africa and India, have begun to learn American English. II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A （25-26高一上·上海徐汇·期中）After 20 years of teaching, I thought I’d heard every argument in books from students who wanted a better grade. But recently, multiple students had a new 21 : “My grade doesn’t reflect the effort I put into this course.” In the past, students understood that hard work was not 22 ; an A demanded great work. Yet today, many students expect to be rewarded for the 23 of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge. In a recent survey, 24 , two-thirds of college students say that “trying hard” should be a factor in their grades, and a third think they should get at least a B just for showing up at (most) classes. The Gen Z are not at fault. It’s the result of a 25 about one of the most popular educational theories. More than a generation ago, the psychologist Carol Dweck found praising kids for their abilities weakened their flexibility and led to a (n) 26 mindset, making them more likely to get discouraged or give up when they encountered setbacks. However, a shift in praise from intelligence to effort could cultivate a developed mindset and 27 learning. The idea of celebrating persistence quickly made its way into widely-shared articles, 28 books and popular TED talks. The problem is that we’ve taken this practice too far. We’ve gone from 29 effort to treating it as an end-in itself. We’ve failed to remind a generation of kids that working hard doesn’t guarantee doing a good job, 30 being a good person. What worries me most is that it can motivate people to 31 bad strategies instead of developing better ones. A textbook example is burning the midnight oil rather than spacing out their studying over a few days. Teachers and parents 32 kids a more balanced message. We award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest, not the ones who train the hardest for good reasons. The ideal response to a disappointing grade is not to complain but to ask how you could have gotten a better return on your 33 . A’s are not granted for effort itself; they’re 34 through mastery of the material. The true measure of learning is not the time and energy you put in. It’s the knowledge and skills you 35 . 21．A．complaint B．assignment C．theory D．essay 22．A．practical B．vast C．adequate D．complex 23．A．proof B．quantity C．hope D．chance 24．A．for example B．by contrast C．in addition D．above all 25．A．discussion B．report C．misunderstanding D．feeling 26．A．embarrassed B．fixed C．confused D．pleased 27．A．avoid B．maintain C．cancel D．boost 28．A．best-selling B．printed C．amazing D．certified 29．A．challenging B．preventing C．applauding D．wasting 30．A．let alone B．regardless of C．as to D．in spite of 31．A．give up B．compete with C．race against D．stick to 32．A．send B．burden C．miss D．owe 33．A．responsibility B．investment C．memory D．attitude 34．A．absorbed B．signaled C．earned D．broadcast 35．A．reflect on B．take out C．subject to D．tear apart Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A （25-26高一上·上海浦东新·期中）Back in 1958, I was crazy about the Norfolk and Western 746. The smooth bullet-nose engine with its orange and yellow lines and shiny streamlined black tender (车厢) seemed to have cast a spell on me. Together the engine and tender measured a little shy of 2 feet — enormous by the toy train standards of the day. Even better, the 746 had a working headlight and smoker, and its tender sang high. Unfortunately, the amazing 746 also had an amazing price — $50, equal to about $450 today. That was far more than my grandfather could afford. Instead, I had to be content with his little Lionel plastic, which was SIX INCHES shorter than the 746 and had no headlight, no smoker or no sound! But that was the best that my grandfather could give me at that time. Years passed and I was in my 30s. Superior sound systems and computer controls dominated toy trains. I never gave a look. My interest in toy trains, I firmly believed, had faded, so did my admiration for the 746, since my grandfather was not with me. The 746 was never called to mind. On an ordinary day, however, I happened to see the 746 outside the window of a train show. Just one look, I could not look away. Childhood memories that I tried to hide in the depths of my heart raced through my mind, happy or sad. That day I took the 746 home and placed it in the center of the room, and let my childhood dream sing its way around me. Smoke rose out from the engine and the soft song sounded from its tender. It seemed as if I could see the soft light in grandfather’s eyes and hear his cheerful laughter. 36．What does the word “spell” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．admiration B．description C．attraction D．inspiration 37．Which of the following is TRUE about the Lionel plastic train the author received from his grandfather? A．It had a working headlight and smoker. B．It was six inches longer than the 746. C．It produced high-pitched sounds. D．It was shorter and lacked special features. 38．What can be inferred about the author’s feelings when he saw the Norfolk and Western 746 again? A．He was indifferent to toy trains. B．He felt a strong sense of joy. C．He was disappointed by the price. D．He decided to sell the train immediately. 39．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of toy trains in America. B．The author’s changing attitude toward toy trains and the memories they evoke. C．A comparison between different toy train brands. D．The technical features of the Norfolk and Western 746. B （25-26高一上·上海徐汇·期中）As anyone who’s sat through English 101 can tell you, our national language is mysterious. And yet, somehow, the average American has managed to learn 42,000 words. Still, few of us know how the words we use were derived or what they really mean. Did you know that the word muscle comes from the Latin musculus, which means “little mouse” Apparently, the ancient Romans thought that the movement of a muscle, especially a flexed bicep (鼓起的肱二头肌), looked as if a mouse were running under the skin. Now there’s a fun visual. And that’s not even the weirdest example of a word with odd, ancient origins creeping — like mice under our skirt into modern English. Here are a few of our favorites. AMBULANCE·>The word originates from French military field hospitals of the 18th century. This type of mobile medical center could be easily broken down and moved from place to place, earning it the name hôpital ambulant —literally, “walking hospital.” Eventually, the name was shortened to just ambulance. Thankfully, today’s walking hospitals come with wheels. IDIOT·> What’s the opposite of a candidate? An idiot, or idiotes in Greek. Coming from the word idios, meaning “private”, an idiot was anyone who didn’t hold public office. That later came to mean “common man” and, much later, “ignorant person,”—which is how it’s used today. CANDIDATE·> In ancient Rome, the color of someone’s toga (长袍) could indicate that person’s social status. Politicians wore shiny white robes, probably whitened with powdered chalk, to show the purity of their intentions. This white toga was called toga candida, from the Latin candidare (to whiten). From there, we get the English words candidate (one seeking office) and candid (truthful), two words rarely used in the same sentence. GALAXY·> Thousands of years ago, ancient Greek stargazers looked up at the sky and saw a white river of light arcing overhead. Their reaction? “I could really go for some cookies right now.” The Greeks named that broad band of stars galaxías — which stems from the word gåla, meaning “milk”. To this day, we call our galaxy the Milky Way. 40．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To explain why English is considered a mysterious language by many. B．To introduce the ancient roots and stories behind several English words. C．To show how Latin and Greek have influenced the development of English. D．To compare how different English words were created in different countries. 41．We can learn from the passage that__________. A．“Galaxy” was named by Romans because of a white river of light B．“Muscle” referred to the running mice that moved muscles in Greek C．“Ambulance” came from the French mobile military medical centers D．“Idiotẽs” evolved from “an ignorant person” to someone in “public office” 42．Where is this passage most likely taken from? A．An academic journal focusing on linguistic research. B．A popular magazine sharing fun facts and knowledge. C．A high school student’s workbook for writing practice. D．A daily newspaper exploring cultural and political facts. C （25-26高一上·上海·期中）It’s March, and the annual cycle of agricultural activity is gathering pace. Today much of the work in the field is done by machines, but for our ancestors this time of year promised the six months of hardest work, which continued until mid-September and the end of harvest time. The names they gave their fields reflect the direct relationship between the agricultural community and the environment that was all around. Field names reveal an understanding of soils, drainage, geology, fertility and natural history, and often have a dry humour. Of course, many fields were given very ordinary names (‘Long Meadow’, ‘Higher Close’, ‘Cow Pasture’), but there is a tremendous richness of dialect and imagination in so many others. I was reminded of this recently when reading a 1784 document relating to land at Skelton near Carlisle, which mentioned a field called Bare Arse Close. Though perhaps a little shocking at first reading, such names are not that unusual. The dictionary of English field names produced by John Field refers to that name in Cheshire, Lancashire, Leicestershire and Hampshire, and to other ‘bare’ names such as ‘Bare Bones’, all of them being “derogatory names for unproductive land”. Other “derogatory names” remind us of the hard labour before the age of mechanization, and of the heavy burden and small returns involved in cultivating poor and infertile ground. The fields called ‘Labour in Vain’, found in Dorset, Gloucestershire and Hertfordshire among other counties, could not be named more properly. ‘Break Back’ and ‘Broken Back’, ‘Raw Bones’, ‘Hunger Hill’, ‘Starve Acre’, ‘Wearisome’, ‘Heartache’, ‘Everlasting’ (as in the work needed) and ‘Hard Labour’ are all examples of the bitter thoughts our ancestors must have had. Good land, though, might be complimented by an affectionate name. I rather like the sense of ‘Have a Good Heart’, a field at Bishop’s Castle in Shropshire that was problem-free and easy to work, and names such as ‘Sweet Bit’, ‘Sweet Piece’ and ‘Sweet Tooth’ occur quite frequently. ‘Rich Field’ and ‘Rich land’, ‘Good Fortune’ and ‘Sugar Acres’ all reflect the pleasure that farmers and labourers got from knowing that a piece of land was of high quality. Field names are often overlooked by family historians, although local historians research them extensively. But if you locate land that was farmed by your ancestors, it’s well worth checking on the names of the fields they worked. It might tell you a good deal about their land, and how they regarded it. 43．According to the writer, what do field names reflect? A．People’s perception of the field. B．People’s community spirits. C．The history of the field. D．The evolution of dialect. 44．People gave “derogatory” names to the fields that _________. A．used to be productive B．they had a low opinion of C．they find were unusually fertile D．reminded them of happy experiences 45．According to the writer, what does the name “Everlasting” imply? A．The field was rich. B．The field was unproductive. C．Farmers lived a poor life. D．Farmers kept working hard. 46．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Land of Dream B．Field Names: A Long-Forgotten Tradition C．Fields Worth Researching D．Farmers and Labourers Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. （25-26高一上·上海徐汇·期中）Universities Are Embracing AI: Will Students Get Smarter or Stop Thinking? When students entered Tsinghua University in Beijing this year, one of the first representatives they met wasn’t a person. 47 The bot is designed to answer students’ questions about courses, clubs and life on campus. At the same time, students at Ohio State University in Columbus will take compulsory AI classes this year as part of an initiative to ensure that all of them are ‘AI fluent’ by the time they graduate. All this is part of a sea change sweeping through campuses as universities and students struggle to adapt to the use of generative AI tools such as ChatGPT. These tools can, within seconds, analyze complex information, answer questions and generate polished essays. Such are some of the exact skills universities have conventionally taught. 48 Universities such as Tsinghua and Ohio State are already weaving AI into their teaching — and some studies hint that AI-powered tools can help students to learn. But many education specialists are deeply nervous about the explosion of AI on campuses: they fear that AI tools are blocking learning because they’ re so new that teachers and students are struggling to use them well. Faculty members also worry that students are using AI to short-cut their way through assignments and tests, and some research hints that offloading mental work in this way can encourage independent, critical thought. 49 Many of them are controlled by companies, have unknown cognitive impacts and are dogged by ethical and environmental concerns. 50 “The rate of adoption of various generative AI tools by students and faculty across the world has been accelerating too fast for institutional policies, instructions and ethics to keep up,” says Shafika Isaacs, chief of section for technology and Al in education at the United Nations cultural organization UNESCO, in Paris. A．Surveys around the world show that students are quickly incorporating AI into their lives. B．Some academics are angry that universities are allowing or even encouraging the use of AI tools. C．At Tsinghua University, academics also quickly started experimenting with ChatGPT after its release. D．However, there is one point of agreement among both enthusiasts and sceptics: the future has already arrived. E．Admission letters to the admired institution came with an invitation code to an artificial-intelligence agent. F．To some, AI presents an exciting opportunity to improve education and prepare students for a rapidly changing world. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．（25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Sleeping is important, but we all know that, right? Many people have experienced strange sleeping patterns, weird dreams and a feeling of restlessness despite a good night’s sleep. So what sort of things can help you to improve your sleep? There’s a great number of myths (错误看法) related to sleep, some of which can be quite damaging for our health. Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher famously claimed that she only sleeps for five hours a night. But according to experts this is harmful to health. Likewise, napping (打盹) in front of the TV is another thing to avoid. The bright lights can prevent you from entering deep sleep. From a young age we’re told to count sheep to help us to nod off, with some choosing to stay in bed to battle with sleeplessness. However, some experts advise getting up and doing something mindless, like folding socks, to help us get in the mood for sleep. Psychologist Seth J. Gillihan PhD recommends walking to help in the battle against sleeplessness. He talks about a sleep study published in the journal Sleep Health which suggests that those who walk slightly more will experience better quality and duration (持续时间) of sleep. Watching what you eat or drink can also improve the amount of REM, or rapid eye movement you experience. Finally, a decent nap, or even a power nap, can help you to be more alert, calm and focused. So while there are some good tips like exercising or folding socks to help us get a good night’s sleep, sometimes a good afternoon’s sleep can help us handle the day ahead. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．（25-26高一上·上海·期中）你的建议是否起作用拭目以待。（remain）（汉译英） _____________________________________ 53．（25-26高一上·上海·期中）看报使我不断了解国内外正在发生的事。（inform）（汉译英） _____________________________________ 54．（25-26高一上·上海·期中）使我欣慰的是，这孩子开始懂得了“有错必改”。（each time）（汉译英） _____________________________________ 55．（25-26高一上·上海·期中）当我们在互联网上发布信息时，必须考虑潜在的后果，因为某些细节可能会被媒体误解或夸大。(likely) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．（25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是李华，今年暑假，朋友Jim邀请你和家人去他所在的城市罗马旅游，罗马的风景和美食令你印象深刻。请根据以下要点给Jim写一封信： (1)对他的热情款待表达自己的感谢之情； (2)简要描述此趟旅程的所见所闻并谈谈你对出国旅游的看法。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年高一上学期期中真题重组卷（上海专用） 英 语·参考答案 1．that 2．remains 3．recycling/to be recycled 4．because/as/since 5．have been used/are used 6．where 7．measures 8．thanks to/owing to/due to/because of 9．expected 10．the most complex 11．C 12．E 13．D 14．B 15．G 16．J 17．A 18．F 19．I 20．K 21．A 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．C 26．B 27．D 28．A 29．C 30．A 31．D 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．B 36．C 37．D 38．B 39．B 40．B 41．C 42．B 43．A 44．B 45．D 46．B 47．E 48．F 49．B 50．D 51．Due to the importance of sleep, it is necessary to improve sleep. Neither cutting down on sleep time nor sleeping with the TV on is a good idea. However, doing something mindless if you can’t fall asleep, taking a walk and minding your diet can help. Taking an afternoon nap may also help you stay energetic during the day. 52．Whether your suggestion will work remains to be seen. 53．Reading newspapers keeps me informed of what is happening at home and abroad. 54．To my relief, the child began to understand that he must correct his mistakes each time he makes them. 55．When we post information on the Internet, it’s essential to consider its potential consequences, as certain details are likely to be misinterpreted or overstated by the media. 56．Dear Jim, I hope this letter finds you well. I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude for your warm hospitality during our trip to Rome this summer. Rome is truly a fascinating city. The moment we stepped onto the land, we were captivated by the ancient architecture like the Colosseum. Its grandeur and historical significance left us in awe. And the delicious Italian cuisine, especially the pasta and pizza, was an absolute treat to our taste buds. This trip has made me realize the great value of traveling abroad. It not only broadens our horizons but also allows us to experience different cultures firsthand. It enriches our understanding of the world and makes us more open-minded. Once again, thank you for making our visit to Rome so memorable. I hope you have the opportunity to visit us in China someday, and I’ll be more than happy to play the host. Best regards, Li Hua 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年高一上学期期中真题重组卷（上海专用） 英语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks use one word that best fits. How Old Wind Turbines Could Become Tiny Homes “Rubbish is immortal (永生的),” wrote Czech author Ivan Klima in his novel Love and Garbage. “What else is there 1 is so indestructible?” And even as we make the world into a greener place by embracing renewable energy, the problem of how to deal with waste 2 (remain) a difficult one to solve. The thing is, renewable energy tools like wind turbines (风力涡轮机) do a lot of good, but they also need 3 (recycle) and replacement is necessary when they get old. Many of the parts can be melted down and used again, but this comes at a cost to the environment, 4 the process produces carbon emissions. Luckily, experts have been working on ways to use these giant turbines again at the end of their lives. Old blades 5 (use) as noise barriers next to roads, as bike sheds, and as children’s playground equipment 6 kids can climb, slide, and explore in a safe, eco-friendly space, turning once-discarded industrial parts into places of joy and activity. And some of the stems — or nacelles (短舱), as the parts that contain the engines are known — have even been used for housing. Last year, a Swedish energy company called Vattenfall and Dutch firm Blade-Made worked together to create a tiny home made from a decommissioned turbine. Shown during Dutch Design Week in 2024, it 7 (measure) 4 meters wide, 10 meters long and three meters high and according to CNN is “surprisingly light and airy” 8 the glass doors at either end. Crucially, it was also compliant (符合的) with Dutch building rules. But with more and more turbines 9 (expect) to be replaced in the coming years, could they really help to solve housing crises? Jos de Krieger is a co-founder of Blade-Made, and he says: why not? His company, along with its collaborators, is planning to create 10 tiny homes using turbines. He told CNN that making old turbines into homes is “ 10 (complex) thing you can do” but now it has been done, anything is possible. “We need solutions,” he said, adding that he wants to “create stories, instead of waste.” Klima would surely approve. 【答案】 1．that 2．remains 3．recycling/to be recycled 4．because/as/since 5．have been used/are used 6．where 7．measures 8．thanks to/owing to/due to/because of 9．expected 10．the most complex 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章探讨了可再生能源设备的废弃物处理问题——风力涡轮机虽环保，但老化后需回收替换，其回收过程会产生碳排放。幸运的是，专家已研发多种再利用方式。 【详解】1．考查定语从句。句意：“还有什么东西是如此坚不可摧的？”此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是疑问词what else，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词为不定代词else修饰的what，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 2．考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：即使我们通过拥抱可再生能源让世界变得更环保，如何处理废弃物的问题仍然是一个难以解决的问题。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语the problem是单数，谓语动词remain用第三人称单数形式remains。故填remains。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：问题是，像风力涡轮机这样的可再生能源设备确实益处良多，但它们也需要回收，而且老化后必须更换。need后接动名词时用主动形式表示被动含义（need doing = need to be done），此处表示“需要被回收”，故填recycling/to be recycled。 4．考查连词。句意：许多部件可以熔化后重新利用，但这会对环境造成代价，因为该过程会产生碳排放。后文“产生碳排放”是前文“对环境有代价”的原因，应用连词because/since/as引导原因状语从句。故填because/as/since。 5．考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：旧叶片（已）被用作道路旁的隔音屏障、自行车棚和儿童游乐设施，孩子们可以在安全、环保的空间里攀爬、滑行和探索——将曾经被丢弃的工业部件变成欢乐和活动的场所。主语Old blades与use之间是被动关系，句子表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时的被动语态，也可以理解为描述当前的再利用方式，用一般现在时的被动语态，主谓一致，故填have been used/are used。 6．考查定语从句。句意：旧叶片被用作道路旁的隔音屏障、自行车棚和儿童游乐设施，孩子们可以在安全、环保的空间里攀爬、滑行和探索——将曾经被丢弃的工业部件变成欢乐和活动的场所。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是children’s playground equipment，指地点，且在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 7．考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：该住宅于2024年荷兰设计周期间展出，宽4米、长10米、高3米，据美国有线电视新闻网报道，由于两端的玻璃门，它“出人意料地明亮通透”。measure表示“测量结果为……”时为不及物动词，无被动语态，句子描述住宅的客观尺寸，用一般现在时；主语it是单数，谓语动词用measures。故填measures。 8．考查介词。句意：该住宅于2024年荷兰设计周期间展出，宽4米、长10米、高3米，据美国有线电视新闻网报道，由于两端的玻璃门，它“出人意料地明亮通透”。后文“两端的玻璃门”是住宅“明亮通透”的原因，应用介词短语thanks to或owing to或due to或because of，后接名词短语，符合语境。故填thanks to/owing to/due to/because of。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：但随着未来几年越来越多的涡轮机预计将被替换，它们真的能帮助解决住房危机吗？with复合结构中，turbines与expect之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填expected。 10．考查形容词最高级。句意：他告诉美国有线电视新闻网，将旧涡轮机改造成住宅是“你能做的最复杂的事情”，但现在已经做到了，一切皆有可能。根据范围限定词you can do和语境“最复杂的事情”，应用形容词最高级；complex是多音节词，最高级形式为the most complex，句中定冠词the不可省略。故填the most complex。 Section B （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．published    B．changed    C． answer    D．stayed     E. independent    F. spelling G. expression  H. actually    I. written   J. borrowing  K. increasingly Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English. How did these differences come about? There is no quick 11 to this question. At first, the language in Britain and America was the same. In 1776, America became an 12 country. After that, the language slowly began to change. For a long time, the language in America 13 the same, while the language in England 14 . For example, 300 years ago, the English talked about “fall”. Today, most British people talk about “autumn”, but Americans still talk about “fall”. In the same way Americans still use the 15 “I guess” (meaning “I think”), just as the British did 300 years ago. At the same time, British English and American English started 16 words from other languages, ending up with different words. For example, the British took “typhoon” from Chinese, while the Americans took “tornado” from Spanish. In 1828, Noah Webster 17 the first American dictionary. He wanted to make American English different from British English, so he changed the 18 of many words. That’s why the words “colour”, “centre” and “traveller” are spelt “color”, “center” and “traveler” in American English. Except for these differences in spelling, 19 English is more or less the same in both British and American English. Now English has become 20 popular. English people have begun to learn the relatively simple American English, and even other countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, South Africa and India, have begun to learn American English. 【答案】 11．C 12．E 13．D 14．B 15．G 16．J 17．A 18．F 19．I 20．K 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍英美英语差异的产生原因及主要表现。 【详解】11．考查名词。句意：对于这个问题没有快速的答案。空处前有形容词quick修饰，需填名词，结合语境，前文提出“ How did these differences come about? ”的问题，此处指“没有快速的答案”，名词answer“答案”符合题意。故选C。 12．考查形容词。句意：1776年，美国成为一个独立的国家。空处作定语修饰名词country，需填形容词，结合历史常识，1776年美国独立，形容词independent“独立的”符合题意。故选E。 13．考查动词。句意：很长一段时间里，美国的语言保持不变，而英国的语言发生了变化。文章整体为一般过去时，空处作谓语，结合后文while表对比，以及“Americans still talk about ‘fall’”可知，美国的语言“保持”不变，动词stayed“保持”符合题意。故选D。 14．考查动词。句意：很长一段时间里，美国的语言保持不变，而英国的语言发生了变化。文章整体为一般过去时，空处作谓语，结合前文“the language slowly began to change”及while表对比可知，此处指英国的语言“发生了变化”，动词changed“变化”符合题意。故选B。 15．考查名词。句意：同样地，美国人仍然使用“我猜”（意思是“我认为”）这种表达，就像300年前英国人做的那样。空处前有定冠词the修饰，需填名词，“I guess”是一种语言表达，名词expression“表达”符合题意。故选G。 16．考查动词。句意：与此同时，英式英语和美式英语开始从其他语言中借用词汇，最终产生了不同的词汇。start doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“开始做某事”，结合后文“the British took ‘typhoon’ from Chinese”可知，此处指“借用”词汇，动词borrowing“借用”符合题意。故选J。 17．考查动词。句意：1828年，诺亚·韦伯斯特出版了第一本美式词典。文章此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，空处作谓语，结合“the first American dictionary”可知，此处指“出版”词典，动词published“出版”符合题意。故选A。 18．考查名词。句意：他想让美式英语与英式英语有所不同，所以他改变了许多单词的拼写。空处前有定冠词the修饰，需填名词，结合后文colour与color、centre与center的对比可知，此处指改变单词的“拼写”，名词spelling“拼写”符合题意。故选F。 19．考查形容词。句意：除了这些拼写差异外，书面英语在英式英语和美式英语中大致相同。空处作定语修饰名词English，结合语境，前文讨论拼写差异，此处指“书面英语”，形容词written“书面的”符合题意。故选I。 20．考查副词。句意：现在英语变得越来越受欢迎。空处修饰形容词popular，需填副词，结合后文“English people have begun to learn...”及其他国家学习美式英语的情况，可知英语“越来越”受欢迎，副词increasingly“越来越多地”符合题意。故选K。 II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A （25-26高一上·上海徐汇·期中）After 20 years of teaching, I thought I’d heard every argument in books from students who wanted a better grade. But recently, multiple students had a new 21 : “My grade doesn’t reflect the effort I put into this course.” In the past, students understood that hard work was not 22 ; an A demanded great work. Yet today, many students expect to be rewarded for the 23 of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge. In a recent survey, 24 , two-thirds of college students say that “trying hard” should be a factor in their grades, and a third think they should get at least a B just for showing up at (most) classes. The Gen Z are not at fault. It’s the result of a 25 about one of the most popular educational theories. More than a generation ago, the psychologist Carol Dweck found praising kids for their abilities weakened their flexibility and led to a (n) 26 mindset, making them more likely to get discouraged or give up when they encountered setbacks. However, a shift in praise from intelligence to effort could cultivate a developed mindset and 27 learning. The idea of celebrating persistence quickly made its way into widely-shared articles, 28 books and popular TED talks. The problem is that we’ve taken this practice too far. We’ve gone from 29 effort to treating it as an end-in itself. We’ve failed to remind a generation of kids that working hard doesn’t guarantee doing a good job, 30 being a good person. What worries me most is that it can motivate people to 31 bad strategies instead of developing better ones. A textbook example is burning the midnight oil rather than spacing out their studying over a few days. Teachers and parents 32 kids a more balanced message. We award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest, not the ones who train the hardest for good reasons. The ideal response to a disappointing grade is not to complain but to ask how you could have gotten a better return on your 33 . A’s are not granted for effort itself; they’re 34 through mastery of the material. The true measure of learning is not the time and energy you put in. It’s the knowledge and skills you 35 . 21．A．complaint B．assignment C．theory D．essay 22．A．practical B．vast C．adequate D．complex 23．A．proof B．quantity C．hope D．chance 24．A．for example B．by contrast C．in addition D．above all 25．A．discussion B．report C．misunderstanding D．feeling 26．A．embarrassed B．fixed C．confused D．pleased 27．A．avoid B．maintain C．cancel D．boost 28．A．best-selling B．printed C．amazing D．certified 29．A．challenging B．preventing C．applauding D．wasting 30．A．let alone B．regardless of C．as to D．in spite of 31．A．give up B．compete with C．race against D．stick to 32．A．send B．burden C．miss D．owe 33．A．responsibility B．investment C．memory D．attitude 34．A．absorbed B．signaled C．earned D．broadcast 35．A．reflect on B．take out C．subject to D．tear apart 【答案】 21．A 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．C 26．B 27．D 28．A 29．C 30．A 31．D 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了当下学生认为努力应与成绩挂钩的现象，分析其源于对教育理论的误解，并提出正确的学习评价导向。 【详解】21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但最近，很多学生有了一个新的抱怨：“我的成绩没有反映出我在这门课上付出的努力。”A. complaint抱怨；B. assignment任务；C. theory理论；D. essay文章。根据下文“My grade doesn’t reflect the effort I put into this course.”可知，这是学生的一种抱怨。故选A。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在过去，学生们明白努力是不够的；得A需要出色的表现。A. practical实际的；B. vast广阔的；C. adequate足够的；D. complex复杂的。根据下文“an A demanded great work”可知，得A需要出色的表现，所以此处表示学生们明白努力是不够的。故选C。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，如今，许多学生期望因为他们的努力量而不是知识质量而得到奖励。A. proof证据；B. quantity数量；C. hope希望；D. chance机会。根据下文“rather than the quality of their knowledge”可知，如今学生期望得到奖励的原因是努力的数量，而不是知识的质量。故选B。 24．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在最近的一项调查中，三分之二的大学生表示“努力尝试”应该是他们成绩的一个因素，三分之一的人认为他们仅仅因为出席了（大部分）课程就应该至少得B。A. for example例如；B. by contrast相比之下；C. in addition此外；D. above all最重要的是。根据上文“Yet today, many students expect to be rewarded for the ______ of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge.”以及下文“two-thirds of college students say that ‘trying hard’ should be a factor in their grades, and a third think they should get at least a B just for showing up at (most) classes.”可知，下文是对上文表述的观点的举例说明。故选A。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是对最受欢迎的教育理论之一的一种误解的结果。A. discussion讨论；B. report报告；C. misunderstanding误解；D. feeling感觉。根据下文“The problem is that we’ve taken this practice too far.”可知，此处表示现在的情况是对教育理论的一种误解。故选C。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一代多以前，心理学家卡罗尔·德韦克发现，表扬孩子的能力会削弱他们的灵活性，导致一种固定的心态，使他们在遇到挫折时更容易气馁或放弃。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. fixed固定的；C. confused困惑的；D. pleased高兴的。根据下文“making them more likely to get discouraged or give up when they encountered setbacks.”可知，表扬孩子的能力会导致一种固定的心态。故选B。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，将表扬从智力转向努力可以培养一种发展的心态，促进学习。A. avoid避免；B. maintain维持；C. cancel取消；D. boost促进。根据上文“a shift in praise from intelligence to effort could cultivate a developed mindset”可知，将表扬从智力转向努力可以促进学习。故选D。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：赞美坚持不懈的想法很快在广泛传播的文章、畅销书和受欢迎的TED演讲中流行起来。A. best-selling畅销的；B. printed印刷的；C. amazing令人惊讶的；D. certified被认证的。根据上文“widely-shared articles”和下文“popular TED talks”可知，此处与上下文并列，表示赞美坚持不懈的想法在畅销书中也流行起来。故选A。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经从赞扬努力变成了把努力本身当作目的。A. challenging挑战；B. preventing阻止；C. applauding赞扬；D. wasting浪费。根据上文“The Gen Z are not at fault. It’s the result of a ______ about one of the most popular educational theories.”以及“However, a shift in praise from intelligence to effort could cultivate a developed mindset and  ______  learning.”可知，之前是赞扬努力，现在把努力本身当作目的。故选C。 30．考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们没有提醒一代孩子，努力工作并不能保证做好工作，更不用说成为一个好人了。A. let alone更不用说；B. regardless of不管；C. as to至于；D. in spite of尽管。根据上文“We’ve failed to remind a generation of kids that working hard doesn’t guarantee doing a good job,”以及语境可知，此处表示努力工作不能保证做好工作，更不用说成为一个好人了。故选A。 31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：最让我担心的是，这会激励人们坚持不好的策略，而不是开发更好的策略。A. give up放弃；B. compete with与……竞争；C. race against与……赛跑；D. stick to坚持。根据下文“bad strategies instead of developing better ones.”可知，这会激励人们坚持不好的策略。故选D。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：老师和家长应该给孩子一个更平衡的信息。A. send发送；B. burden负担；C. miss错过；D. owe欠，应给予。根据“We award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest, not the ones who train the hardest for good reasons.”可知，此处表示老师和家长有责任给孩子传递更平衡的观点。故选D。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对令人失望的成绩最理想的反应不是抱怨，而是问问你如何能在你的投资上获得更好的回报。A. responsibility责任；B. investment投资；C. memory记忆；D. attitude态度。根据上文“My grade doesn’t reflect the effort I put into this course.”可知，努力是一种投资，所以此处表示问问如何能在投资上获得更好的回报。故选B。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：A不是因为努力本身而授予的；它们是通过掌握材料而获得的。A. absorbed吸收；B. signaled示意；C. earned获得；D. broadcast广播。根据下文“through mastery of the material”可知，A是通过掌握材料而获得的。故选C。 35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：是你获得的知识和技能。A. reflect on反思；B. take out取出；C. subject to使服从；D. tear apart撕开。根据上文“The true measure of learning is not the time and energy you put in.”以及语境可知，衡量学习的真正标准不是你投入的时间和精力，而是你从中取出的知识和技能，即“你掌握的知识和技能”。故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A （25-26高一上·上海浦东新·期中）Back in 1958, I was crazy about the Norfolk and Western 746. The smooth bullet-nose engine with its orange and yellow lines and shiny streamlined black tender (车厢) seemed to have cast a spell on me. Together the engine and tender measured a little shy of 2 feet — enormous by the toy train standards of the day. Even better, the 746 had a working headlight and smoker, and its tender sang high. Unfortunately, the amazing 746 also had an amazing price — $50, equal to about $450 today. That was far more than my grandfather could afford. Instead, I had to be content with his little Lionel plastic, which was SIX INCHES shorter than the 746 and had no headlight, no smoker or no sound! But that was the best that my grandfather could give me at that time. Years passed and I was in my 30s. Superior sound systems and computer controls dominated toy trains. I never gave a look. My interest in toy trains, I firmly believed, had faded, so did my admiration for the 746, since my grandfather was not with me. The 746 was never called to mind. On an ordinary day, however, I happened to see the 746 outside the window of a train show. Just one look, I could not look away. Childhood memories that I tried to hide in the depths of my heart raced through my mind, happy or sad. That day I took the 746 home and placed it in the center of the room, and let my childhood dream sing its way around me. Smoke rose out from the engine and the soft song sounded from its tender. It seemed as if I could see the soft light in grandfather’s eyes and hear his cheerful laughter. 36．What does the word “spell” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．admiration B．description C．attraction D．inspiration 37．Which of the following is TRUE about the Lionel plastic train the author received from his grandfather? A．It had a working headlight and smoker. B．It was six inches longer than the 746. C．It produced high-pitched sounds. D．It was shorter and lacked special features. 38．What can be inferred about the author’s feelings when he saw the Norfolk and Western 746 again? A．He was indifferent to toy trains. B．He felt a strong sense of joy. C．He was disappointed by the price. D．He decided to sell the train immediately. 39．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of toy trains in America. B．The author’s changing attitude toward toy trains and the memories they evoke. C．A comparison between different toy train brands. D．The technical features of the Norfolk and Western 746. 【答案】36．C 37．D 38．B 39．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者对诺福克和西部746号玩具火车的痴迷、童年遗憾及成年后重逢该火车唤起的回忆与圆梦体验。 【详解】36．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“Back in 1958, I was crazy about the Norfolk and Western 746. The smooth bullet-nose engine with its orange and yellow lines and shiny streamlined black tender seemed to have cast a spell on me.(早在 1958 年，我就对诺福克和西部 746 号（玩具火车）痴迷不已。那台线条橙黄相间、子弹头般光滑的引擎，以及锃亮的流线型黑色车厢，似乎对我施了spell)”可知，作者对该火车的痴迷描述，可知“spell”在此处指“吸引力”。故选C项。 37．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Instead, I had to be content with his little Lionel plastic, which was SIX INCHES shorter than the 746 and had no headlight, no smoker or no sound!(相反，我只能满足于他那辆小小的莱昂内尔塑料火车，它比746号短6英寸，没有车头灯、没有烟雾装置，也没有声音！)”可知，作者从祖父那里得到的塑料火车更短且缺乏特殊功能。故选D项。 38．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Just one look, I could not look away. Childhood memories that I tried to hide in the depths of my heart raced through my mind, happy or sad.(只看了一眼，我就移不开视线了。那些我试图藏在心底的童年回忆，无论喜怒哀乐，都涌上心头)”及第五段中作者买下火车、享受圆梦的场景，可推断作者再次见到746号火车时，内心充满强烈的喜悦。故选B项。 39．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章围绕作者对诺福克和西部746号玩具火车的态度变化展开——童年时的痴迷与遗憾、成年后的淡忘、重逢后的重拾热爱，同时穿插着火车唤起的与祖父相关的回忆。B选项“作者对玩具火车态度的转变，以及这些玩具火车所唤起的回忆”可以概括文章大意。故选B项。 B （25-26高一上·上海徐汇·期中）As anyone who’s sat through English 101 can tell you, our national language is mysterious. And yet, somehow, the average American has managed to learn 42,000 words. Still, few of us know how the words we use were derived or what they really mean. Did you know that the word muscle comes from the Latin musculus, which means “little mouse” Apparently, the ancient Romans thought that the movement of a muscle, especially a flexed bicep (鼓起的肱二头肌), looked as if a mouse were running under the skin. Now there’s a fun visual. And that’s not even the weirdest example of a word with odd, ancient origins creeping — like mice under our skirt into modern English. Here are a few of our favorites. AMBULANCE·>The word originates from French military field hospitals of the 18th century. This type of mobile medical center could be easily broken down and moved from place to place, earning it the name hôpital ambulant —literally, “walking hospital.” Eventually, the name was shortened to just ambulance. Thankfully, today’s walking hospitals come with wheels. IDIOT·> What’s the opposite of a candidate? An idiot, or idiotes in Greek. Coming from the word idios, meaning “private”, an idiot was anyone who didn’t hold public office. That later came to mean “common man” and, much later, “ignorant person,”—which is how it’s used today. CANDIDATE·> In ancient Rome, the color of someone’s toga (长袍) could indicate that person’s social status. Politicians wore shiny white robes, probably whitened with powdered chalk, to show the purity of their intentions. This white toga was called toga candida, from the Latin candidare (to whiten). From there, we get the English words candidate (one seeking office) and candid (truthful), two words rarely used in the same sentence. GALAXY·> Thousands of years ago, ancient Greek stargazers looked up at the sky and saw a white river of light arcing overhead. Their reaction? “I could really go for some cookies right now.” The Greeks named that broad band of stars galaxías — which stems from the word gåla, meaning “milk”. To this day, we call our galaxy the Milky Way. 40．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To explain why English is considered a mysterious language by many. B．To introduce the ancient roots and stories behind several English words. C．To show how Latin and Greek have influenced the development of English. D．To compare how different English words were created in different countries. 41．We can learn from the passage that__________. A．“Galaxy” was named by Romans because of a white river of light B．“Muscle” referred to the running mice that moved muscles in Greek C．“Ambulance” came from the French mobile military medical centers D．“Idiotẽs” evolved from “an ignorant person” to someone in “public office” 42．Where is this passage most likely taken from? A．An academic journal focusing on linguistic research. B．A popular magazine sharing fun facts and knowledge. C．A high school student’s workbook for writing practice. D．A daily newspaper exploring cultural and political facts. 【答案】40．B 41．C 42．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以英语词汇的词源为切入点，介绍了muscle、ambulance、idiot等多个常见英语单词的古老起源和演变故事。 【详解】40．推理判断题。根据第二段“And that not even the weirdest example of a word with odd, ancient origins creeping-like mice under our skirt into modern English. Here are a few of our favorites.(这甚至都算不上是词源最古怪的例子，那些有着古老渊源的词汇就像老鼠那样在裙摆下悄无声息地溜进了现代英语里。以下是几个我们特别喜欢的例子。)”以及后文对ambulance、idiot等单词词源的介绍可知，文章的主要目的是介绍几个英语单词背后的古老起源和相关故事。故选B项。 41．细节理解题。根据AMBULANCE·中“The word originates from French military field hospitals of the 18th century. This type of mobile medical center could be easily broken down and moved from place to place, earning it the name hôpital ambulant — literally, “walking hospital.” Eventually, the name was shortened to just ambulance.(这个词起源于18世纪的法国军用战地医院。这种移动医疗中心可以轻松拆解并转移到不同地点，因此得名“行走的医院（hôpital ambulant）”。最终，这个名称被简化为ambulance。)”可知ambulance一词来源于法国的移动军用医疗中心。故选C项。 42．推理判断题。根据第二段“Did you know that the word muscle comes from the Latin musculus, which means “little mouse” Apparently, the ancient Romans thought that the movement of a muscle, especially a flexed bicep (鼓起的肱二头肌), looked as if a mouse were running under the skin. Now there’s a fun visual. And that not even the weirdest example of a word with odd, ancient origins creeping-like mice under our skirt into modern English. (你知道吗？英语里“muscle”（肌肉）一词源自拉丁语“musculus”，这个词的意思是“小老鼠”。显然，古罗马人认为肌肉的活动方式 —— 尤其是鼓起的肱二头肌 —— 看起来就像有只小老鼠在皮肤底下钻来钻去。这真是个有趣的画面。而这还不算最离谱的例子，英语中还有不少词带着古怪的古老起源，像老鼠那样悄无声息地溜进了现代英语里。)”以及全文的语言风格可知，文章以轻松有趣的方式介绍英语单词的词源故事，内容通俗易懂且富有趣味性，并非严谨的学术研究内容。由此可推断，这篇文章最有可能摘自一本分享趣味知识的流行杂志。故选B项。 C （25-26高一上·上海·期中）It’s March, and the annual cycle of agricultural activity is gathering pace. Today much of the work in the field is done by machines, but for our ancestors this time of year promised the six months of hardest work, which continued until mid-September and the end of harvest time. The names they gave their fields reflect the direct relationship between the agricultural community and the environment that was all around. Field names reveal an understanding of soils, drainage, geology, fertility and natural history, and often have a dry humour. Of course, many fields were given very ordinary names (‘Long Meadow’, ‘Higher Close’, ‘Cow Pasture’), but there is a tremendous richness of dialect and imagination in so many others. I was reminded of this recently when reading a 1784 document relating to land at Skelton near Carlisle, which mentioned a field called Bare Arse Close. Though perhaps a little shocking at first reading, such names are not that unusual. The dictionary of English field names produced by John Field refers to that name in Cheshire, Lancashire, Leicestershire and Hampshire, and to other ‘bare’ names such as ‘Bare Bones’, all of them being “derogatory names for unproductive land”. Other “derogatory names” remind us of the hard labour before the age of mechanization, and of the heavy burden and small returns involved in cultivating poor and infertile ground. The fields called ‘Labour in Vain’, found in Dorset, Gloucestershire and Hertfordshire among other counties, could not be named more properly. ‘Break Back’ and ‘Broken Back’, ‘Raw Bones’, ‘Hunger Hill’, ‘Starve Acre’, ‘Wearisome’, ‘Heartache’, ‘Everlasting’ (as in the work needed) and ‘Hard Labour’ are all examples of the bitter thoughts our ancestors must have had. Good land, though, might be complimented by an affectionate name. I rather like the sense of ‘Have a Good Heart’, a field at Bishop’s Castle in Shropshire that was problem-free and easy to work, and names such as ‘Sweet Bit’, ‘Sweet Piece’ and ‘Sweet Tooth’ occur quite frequently. ‘Rich Field’ and ‘Rich land’, ‘Good Fortune’ and ‘Sugar Acres’ all reflect the pleasure that farmers and labourers got from knowing that a piece of land was of high quality. Field names are often overlooked by family historians, although local historians research them extensively. But if you locate land that was farmed by your ancestors, it’s well worth checking on the names of the fields they worked. It might tell you a good deal about their land, and how they regarded it. 43．According to the writer, what do field names reflect? A．People’s perception of the field. B．People’s community spirits. C．The history of the field. D．The evolution of dialect. 44．People gave “derogatory” names to the fields that _________. A．used to be productive B．they had a low opinion of C．they find were unusually fertile D．reminded them of happy experiences 45．According to the writer, what does the name “Everlasting” imply? A．The field was rich. B．The field was unproductive. C．Farmers lived a poor life. D．Farmers kept working hard. 46．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Land of Dream B．Field Names: A Long-Forgotten Tradition C．Fields Worth Researching D．Farmers and Labourers 【答案】43．A 44．B 45．D 46．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章围绕田地名称展开，介绍田地名称能反映农业社群与环境的直接关联，体现人们对土壤、地质等的认知。 【详解】43．细节理解题。根据第二段“The names they gave their fields reflect the direct relationship between the agricultural community and the environment that was all around. Field names reveal an understanding of soils, drainage, geology, fertility and natural history, and often have a dry humour.(他们给田地起的名字反映了农业社群和周围环境之间的直接关系。田地名称体现了对土壤、排水、地质、肥力和自然历史的理解，且往往带有冷幽默。)”以及后文对褒贬田地名称的分析可知，田地名称反映了人们对田地的认知。故选A。 44．细节理解题。根据第三段“all of them being “derogatory names for unproductive land”(所有这些都是“对低产土地的贬义名称”)”以及第四段“Other “derogatory names” remind us of the hard labour before the age of mechanization, and of the heavy burden and small returns involved in cultivating poor and infertile ground.(其他“贬义名称”提醒我们机械化时代之前的艰苦劳动，以及耕种贫瘠土地所涉及的沉重负担和微薄回报。)”可知，贬义名称是给那些人们评价不高的田地起的。故选B。 45．推理判断题。根据第四段“‘Everlasting’ (as in the work needed)(“Everlasting”（指所需的劳作）)”以及该段前文提到贬义名称与繁重劳动、贫瘠土地相关可知，“Everlasting”暗示耕种这片田地需要持续不断的劳作，即农民要一直辛勤工作。故选D。 46．主旨大意题。文章开篇引入田地名称的话题，随后详细阐述田地名称反映的内容“对环境的认知、田地质量、劳作感受等”，通过具体的褒贬名称实例展开说明，最后指出田地名称对研究祖先农耕情况的价值，核心围绕“田地名称”展开。B选项“Field Names: A Long-Forgotten Tradition（田地名称：一种被遗忘的传统）”能概括文章主旨，适合用作标题。故选B。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. （25-26高一上·上海徐汇·期中）Universities Are Embracing AI: Will Students Get Smarter or Stop Thinking? When students entered Tsinghua University in Beijing this year, one of the first representatives they met wasn’t a person. 47 The bot is designed to answer students’ questions about courses, clubs and life on campus. At the same time, students at Ohio State University in Columbus will take compulsory AI classes this year as part of an initiative to ensure that all of them are ‘AI fluent’ by the time they graduate. All this is part of a sea change sweeping through campuses as universities and students struggle to adapt to the use of generative AI tools such as ChatGPT. These tools can, within seconds, analyze complex information, answer questions and generate polished essays. Such are some of the exact skills universities have conventionally taught. 48 Universities such as Tsinghua and Ohio State are already weaving AI into their teaching — and some studies hint that AI-powered tools can help students to learn. But many education specialists are deeply nervous about the explosion of AI on campuses: they fear that AI tools are blocking learning because they’ re so new that teachers and students are struggling to use them well. Faculty members also worry that students are using AI to short-cut their way through assignments and tests, and some research hints that offloading mental work in this way can encourage independent, critical thought. 49 Many of them are controlled by companies, have unknown cognitive impacts and are dogged by ethical and environmental concerns. 50 “The rate of adoption of various generative AI tools by students and faculty across the world has been accelerating too fast for institutional policies, instructions and ethics to keep up,” says Shafika Isaacs, chief of section for technology and Al in education at the United Nations cultural organization UNESCO, in Paris. A．Surveys around the world show that students are quickly incorporating AI into their lives. B．Some academics are angry that universities are allowing or even encouraging the use of AI tools. C．At Tsinghua University, academics also quickly started experimenting with ChatGPT after its release. D．However, there is one point of agreement among both enthusiasts and sceptics: the future has already arrived. E．Admission letters to the admired institution came with an invitation code to an artificial-intelligence agent. F．To some, AI presents an exciting opportunity to improve education and prepare students for a rapidly changing world. 【答案】47．E 48．F 49．B 50．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了大学正在接纳人工智能，探讨了人工智能在校园应用中带来的机遇与挑战，以及各方对此的不同看法。 【详解】47．上文“When students entered Tsinghua University in Beijing this year, one of the first representatives they met wasn’t a person.(今年，当学生们进入北京的清华大学时，他们首先遇到的代表之一不是一个人)”说明学生进入清华首先遇到的不是人。空处和前文为顺接关系，说明遇到的是什么。E选项“Admission letters to the admired institution came with an invitation code to an artificial-intelligence agent.(这所令人向往的学府的录取通知书附带了一个人工智能代理的邀请码)”符合语境，解释了遇到的代表是人工智能代理，故选E。 48．上文“All this is part of a sea change sweeping through campuses as universities and students struggle to adapt to the use of generative AI tools such as ChatGPT. These tools can, within seconds, analyze complex information, answer questions and generate polished essays. Such are some of the exact skills universities have conventionally taught.(所有这些都是席卷校园的巨大变化的一部分，因为大学和学生都在努力适应ChatGPT等生成式人工智能工具的使用。这些工具可以在几秒钟内分析复杂信息、回答问题并生成精美的文章。这些正是大学传统上教授的一些技能)”说明大学和学生努力适应人工智能工具，且这些工具具备大学教授的技能。空处和前文为顺接关系，说明人工智能带来的影响。F选项“To some, AI presents an exciting opportunity to improve education and prepare students for a rapidly changing world.(对一些人来说，人工智能为改善教育、让学生为快速变化的世界做好准备提供了一个令人兴奋的机会)”符合语境，故选F。 49．上文“But many education specialists are deeply nervous about the explosion of AI on campuses: they fear that AI tools are blocking learning because they’ re so new that teachers and students are struggling to use them well. Faculty members also worry that students are using AI to short-cut their way through assignments and tests, and some research hints that offloading mental work in this way can encourage independent, critical thought.(但许多教育专家对人工智能在校园的爆发式发展深感担忧：他们担心人工智能工具会阻碍学习，因为它们太新了，老师和学生都很难很好地使用它们。教师们还担心学生利用人工智能在作业和考试中走捷径，一些研究表明，如此转嫁脑力劳动有助于/促进独立的批判性思维)”说明教育专家对人工智能在校园的应用有担忧。空处和前文为顺接关系，进一步说明一些人的态度。B选项“Some academics are angry that universities are allowing or even encouraging the use of AI tools.(一些学者对大学允许甚至鼓励使用人工智能工具感到愤怒)”符合语境，故选B。 50．上文“Many of them are controlled by companies, have unknown cognitive impacts and are dogged by ethical and environmental concerns.(其中许多由公司控制，对认知的影响未知，并且受到伦理和环境问题的困扰)”说明人工智能工具存在一些问题。下文“‘The rate of adoption of various generative AI tools by students and faculty across the world has been accelerating too fast for institutional policies, instructions and ethics to keep up,’ says Shafika Isaacs, chief of section for technology and Al in education at the United Nations cultural organization UNESCO, in Paris.(联合国教科文组织巴黎教育科技与人工智能部门负责人沙菲卡·艾萨克斯说：“世界各地的学生和教师采用各种生成式人工智能工具的速度太快，机构政策、指导和伦理都跟不上。”)”说明人工智能工具应用速度快，机构政策等跟不上。空处承上启下，说明尽管有不同看法，但有一个共识。D选项“However, there is one point of agreement among both enthusiasts and sceptics: the future has already arrived.(然而，热情者和怀疑者都有一个共识：未来已经到来)”符合语境，故选D。 III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．（25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Sleeping is important, but we all know that, right? Many people have experienced strange sleeping patterns, weird dreams and a feeling of restlessness despite a good night’s sleep. So what sort of things can help you to improve your sleep? There’s a great number of myths (错误看法) related to sleep, some of which can be quite damaging for our health. Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher famously claimed that she only sleeps for five hours a night. But according to experts this is harmful to health. Likewise, napping (打盹) in front of the TV is another thing to avoid. The bright lights can prevent you from entering deep sleep. From a young age we’re told to count sheep to help us to nod off, with some choosing to stay in bed to battle with sleeplessness. However, some experts advise getting up and doing something mindless, like folding socks, to help us get in the mood for sleep. Psychologist Seth J. Gillihan PhD recommends walking to help in the battle against sleeplessness. He talks about a sleep study published in the journal Sleep Health which suggests that those who walk slightly more will experience better quality and duration (持续时间) of sleep. Watching what you eat or drink can also improve the amount of REM, or rapid eye movement you experience. Finally, a decent nap, or even a power nap, can help you to be more alert, calm and focused. So while there are some good tips like exercising or folding socks to help us get a good night’s sleep, sometimes a good afternoon’s sleep can help us handle the day ahead. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Due to the importance of sleep, it is necessary to improve sleep. Neither cutting down on sleep time nor sleeping with the TV on is a good idea. However, doing something mindless if you can’t fall asleep, taking a walk and minding your diet can help. Taking an afternoon nap may also help you stay energetic during the day. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说由于睡眠的重要性，我们必须改善睡眠状况。既不能减少睡眠时间，也不要在睡觉时开着电视。不过，如果无法入睡，做一些无需动脑的事情、出去散步以及注意饮食都有助于改善睡眠。下午小睡一会儿也可能让你在白天保持精力充沛。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Many people have experienced strange sleeping patterns, weird dreams and a feeling of restlessness despite a good night’s sleep. So what sort of things can help you to improve your sleep? ②Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher famously claimed that she only sleeps for five hours a night. But according to experts this is harmful to health. Likewise, napping (打盹) in front of the TV is another thing to avoid. The bright lights can prevent you from entering deep sleep. Watching what you eat or drink can also improve the amount of REM, or rapid eye movement you experience. ③However, some experts advise getting up and doing something mindless, like folding socks, to help us get in the mood for sleep. Psychologist Seth J. Gillihan PhD recommends walking to help in the battle against sleeplessness. ④Finally, a decent nap, or even a power nap, can help you to be more alert, calm and focused. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Due to the importance of sleep, it is necessary to improve sleep. Neither cutting down on sleep time nor sleeping with the TV on is a good idea. However, doing something mindless if you can’t fall asleep, taking a walk and minding your diet can help. Taking an afternoon nap may also help you stay energetic during the day. 【点睛】[高分句型1] However, doing something mindless if you can’t fall asleep, taking a walk and minding your diet can help.（运用了动名词doing作主语以及if引导条件状语从句） [高分句型2] Due to the importance of sleep, it is necessary to improve sleep.（运用了it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语） IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．（25-26高一上·上海·期中）你的建议是否起作用拭目以待。（remain）（汉译英） _____________________________________ 【答案】Whether your suggestion will work remains to be seen. 【详解】考查固定短语、时态和主语从句。“你的建议是否起作用”是句子主语，使用whether引导主语从句，表示“是否”，从句主语“你的建议”译为your suggestion，“起作用”使用动词work，从句描述将来的动作，应使用一般将来时，表示“拭目以待”用固定短语remain to be seen；主句描述现在的一般情况，使用一般现在时，从句作主语，谓语使用第三人称单数形式。句首单词，首字母大写。故翻译为Whether your suggestion will work remains to be seen. 53．（25-26高一上·上海·期中）看报使我不断了解国内外正在发生的事。（inform）（汉译英） _____________________________________ 【答案】Reading newspapers keeps me informed of what is happening at home and abroad. 【详解】考查宾语从句。“看报纸”在句中作主语，故应用动名词，表达为reading newspapers；“使我不断了解……”在句中作谓语动词，表达为keep me informed of...；“正在发生的事”在句中作宾语，故应用what引导宾语从句，表达为what is happening，用正在进行时，表示“正在发生的事”；“国内外”在句中作状语，表达为at home and abroad。此句陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时，故翻译为：Reading newspapers keeps me informed of what is happening at home and abroad。 54．（25-26高一上·上海·期中）使我欣慰的是，这孩子开始懂得了“有错必改”。（each time）（汉译英） _____________________________________ 【答案】To my relief, the child began to understand that he must correct his mistakes each time he makes them. 【详解】考查固定短语、时态和状语从句。表示“使我欣慰的是”用固定短语to my relief，位于句首首字母大写。表示“这孩子”用the child，作主语；表示“开始懂得”用begin to do sth.，begin为句子的谓语动词，陈述的是过去的事实，谓语动词用一般过去时态began，表示“懂了”用动词understand；“有错必改”可理解为“他每次犯错误都必须改正”，处理为连词that引导的宾语从句，译为that he must correct his mistakes each time he makes them，其中each time引导时间状语从句。故翻译为To my relief, the child began to understand that he must correct his mistakes each time he makes them. 55．（25-26高一上·上海·期中）当我们在互联网上发布信息时，必须考虑潜在的后果，因为某些细节可能会被媒体误解或夸大。(likely) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When we post information on the Internet, it’s essential to consider its potential consequences, as certain details are likely to be misinterpreted or overstated by the media. 【详解】考查状语从句、固定句型和时态。根据句中的“当……时”可知，这里应用when引导时间状语从句，根据句中的“因为……”可知，这里应用as引导原因状语从句。“在互联网上”可表示为on the Internet；“发布信息”可表示为post information；“必须……”可用固定句型it’s essential to do...表示；“考虑”可表示为consider；“潜在的”可表示为potential；“后果”可表示为consequences；“某些细节”可表示为certain details；“可能……”可用固定句型be likely to do...表示，主语为certain details，谓语应用复数形式；“媒体”可表示为the media；“误解”可表示为misinterpret；“夸大”可表示为overstate。根据句意可知，这里陈述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时。故本句可翻译为：When we post information on the Internet, it’s essential to consider its potential consequences, as certain details are likely to be misinterpreted or overstated by the media. V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．（25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是李华，今年暑假，朋友Jim邀请你和家人去他所在的城市罗马旅游，罗马的风景和美食令你印象深刻。请根据以下要点给Jim写一封信： (1)对他的热情款待表达自己的感谢之情； (2)简要描述此趟旅程的所见所闻并谈谈你对出国旅游的看法。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Jim, I hope this letter finds you well. I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude for your warm hospitality during our trip to Rome this summer. Rome is truly a fascinating city. The moment we stepped onto the land, we were captivated by the ancient architecture like the Colosseum. Its grandeur and historical significance left us in awe. And the delicious Italian cuisine, especially the pasta and pizza, was an absolute treat to our taste buds. This trip has made me realize the great value of traveling abroad. It not only broadens our horizons but also allows us to experience different cultures firsthand. It enriches our understanding of the world and makes us more open-minded. Once again, thank you for making our visit to Rome so memorable. I hope you have the opportunity to visit us in China someday, and I’ll be more than happy to play the host. Best regards, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以李华的身份给朋友Jim写一封信，感谢他邀请自己和家人去罗马旅游并热情款待，同时描述旅程见闻以及表达对出国旅游的看法。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 款待：hospitality → entertainment 迷人的：fascinating → charming 使着迷：captivate → fascinate 拓宽：broaden → widen 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：This trip has made me realize the great value of traveling abroad. It not only broadens our horizons but also allows us to experience different cultures firsthand. 拓展句：This trip has made me realize the great value of traveling abroad, which not only broadens our horizons but also allows us to experience different cultures firsthand. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The moment we stepped onto the land, we were captivated by the ancient architecture like the Colosseum.（运用the moment引导时间状语从句） 【高分句型2】I hope you have the opportunity to visit us in China someday, and I’ll be more than happy to play the host.（运用了省略了that的宾语从句） 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $