考前押题03 阅读理解（含七选五）4大常考话题（期中专项训练）高一英语上学期译林版

考前押题03 阅读理解（含七选五）4大常考话题 话题1 学校生活 话题2 亲子关系（常考点） 话题3 友谊 话题4 青少年身心健康（难点） 阅读理解四选一 ①应用文体裁：先题后文，精准定位，筛选信息，题文比对； ②记叙文体裁：关注细节，注重联系，读懂表象，挖掘意义； ③说明文体裁：理清顺序，抓准中心，辨析逻辑，难句拆解； ④议论文体裁：梳理论证，锁定论点，分清主次，辨明观点。 阅读理解七选五 ①看设空位置：首段首空看下文，尾段尾空看全篇，其余空格看前后； ②思逻辑关系：思考空格前后在行文上的逻辑关系(因果关系、转折/让步关系、例证关系、递进关系、并列关系等)； ③析选项特征：分析选项的特征(有没有代词的指代、同义词/近义词或同畴词的呈现)，考虑填在文中的相应位置。 话题1学校生活(共5篇) Passage 1 (26-27高一上·河北邯郸·阶段检测)Many freshmen meet the same problem: they don’t know how to study well in high school. High-school knowledge is deeper, so simple memorization is not enough. Here are two useful learning tips. First, active thinking matters a lot. When you take classes, do not only copy what teachers write on the blackboard. Try to understand why knowledge works in this way. Write down your own questions in your notebook and try to find answers after class. Second, regular review helps you keep knowledge fresh. Many students only study before exams. That habit makes learning hard. Go over what you have learned within one or two days, and you will remember it much better. Good learning habits will not form overnight. Keep practicing, and you will make progress little by little. 1. What does the underlined word “memorization” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Understanding deeply B. Keeping things in mind C. Asking many questions D. Doing lots of exercises 2. What is the second tip mainly about? A. Taking notes carefully in class B. Asking teachers more questions C. Reviewing knowledge on a regular basis D. Forming good sleeping habits 3. What is the main idea of the passage? A. To introduce ways for freshmen to study well. B. To explain why high‑school work is hard. C. To show different students’ learning styles. D. To warn students against bad sleeping habits. Passage 2 (26-27高一上·云南昆明·阶段检测)When I first heard about Summit Learning, I admitted I was not a bit happy and excited at all. I thought it would need interactions with others. But later, I was amazed when I got to experience it firsthand. Recently, we did a poetry project, and one of the activities was a peer(同龄人)review. I would never have taken part if it was up to me, as I preferred to work by myself. But when I got involved, I found in the experience, I had done something that I thought was nearly impossible — it made my poetry better. My partner informed me of my mistakes and told me where I could give more details. One of our final products of the project was to present our poetry to the class. I’ve always loved public speaking, but I thought with Summit Learning, I would have fewer chances to speak. I was wrong. The peer activities we did with a partner gave me more belief in my ability and encouraged me to do more to make my presentation the best it could possibly be. Interactions like these are what Summit Learning is all about. This style of learning brings a positive and hard-working culture that allows us to push our boundaries(界限)and keep going. It creates a sense of community since we are all working towards a similar goal. As an active boy, I have always been ahead, but in a normal classroom, there are limitations on what I can do. With Summit Learning, I can go beyond expectations in projects or move ahead in learning new knowledge when I’m ready. I have ownership of my work and can pursue my goals. Summit Learning has showed me how much people can grow and change. It has helped me see people and myself differently. It has been one of the greatest experiences of my life, and I cannot see myself going back to a normal classroom. 4. What was the author’s response to Summit Learning at first? A. He was unwilling to attend it. B. He was excited to take part in it. C. He was surprised to hear about it. D. He was unhappy to give it up. 5. How did the poetry project benefit the author? A. It improved his confidence. B. It developed his sense of humour. C. It encourages him to work alone. D. It taught him how to organise activities. 6. What can be inferred about Summit Learning? A. It proves the limits of one’s abilities. B. It teaches poetry in a normal classroom. C. It changes the traditional way of learning. D. It helps create different classroom goals. 7. How does the author find Summit Learning now? A. Challenging. B. Worthwhile. C. Annoying. D. Traditional. Passage 3 (26-27高一上·云南玉溪·阶段检测)The decision to delay morning arrival times in Nanjing has caused a wide discussion about how to balance students’ academic(学业的)needs with their health. While some people support the change, others worry about its possible effects. Supporters of the policy argue that sleep is very important for teenagers’ growth. They point out that students who do not get enough sleep often feel tired, worried, or unable to focus. In contrast, well-rested students are more likely to take an active part in class and perform better in exams. Some experts also note that a good breakfast plays an important role in students’ health and learning. With a later start time, students can have enough time to eat well and prepare for the day. People who disagree with the policy, however, express concerns about the influence on academic performance. They argue that reducing morning study time might lead to lower grades, especially for students who need more practice or review. Some parents worry that students will become lazy if they do not have to get up early. They also question whether schools can really improve classroom efficiency(效率)enough to make up for the lost time. To better study the effects of the new schedule, education departments in Nanjing plan to collect feedback from students, parents, and teachers over the next few months. They will record changes in students’ sleep quality, attendance rates, and academic performance. If the results show that the policy is beneficial, it may be carried out in more schools. If problems arise, further changes may be made. In the long run, experts suggest that improving students’ well-being requires the efforts of schools, families, and society. Schools should not only change schedules but also improve teaching quality. Parents should help their children develop good sleep habits and create a quiet environment at home. Students themselves should learn to manage their time wisely and avoid staying up late. Only in this way can the goal of reducing burden and improving quality be truly achieved. 8. What do supporters of the policy believe? A. Students should get up as early as possible. B. Sleep is not important for academic performance. C. After-school services are more important than sleep. D. Well-rested students are more likely to perform better. 9. How does the author develop the argument in the passage? A. By listing historical events related to education. B. By describing personal experiences of students. C. By comparing different countries’ school systems. D. By presenting both supporting and opposing views. 10. What can we learn from the passage? A. The policy will be carried out in all schools in Nanjing. B. The new schedule will probably be changed according to future results. C. Schools play a more important role than families in students’ well-being. D. Students can make up for lost learning time by studying more efficiently. 11. What is the passage mainly about? A. The importance of after-school services. B. The debate about later school start times. C. The reasons for students’ sleep problems. D. The benefits of delayed school start times. Passage 4 (26-27高一上·安徽六安·阶段检测)The transition from junior to senior high school is a significant milestone for teenagers worldwide. In China, this period, often referred to as “Gaoyi,” marks not only an increase in academic rigor(学业难度)but also a critical stage of personal growth and identity formation. New subjects, more complex concepts, and higher expectations from teachers and parents can create considerable pressure. However, it is  this challenge that fosters(培养)resilience(韧性)and independence. One of the most noticeable changes is the teaching style. Unlike junior high, where teachers often spoon-feed knowledge, senior high teachers tend to encourage more independent thinking and self-directed learning. Students are expected to preview lessons, actively participate in discussions, and complete extended reading assignments. This shift requires them to develop better organizational skills and time management strategies. Socially, Gaoyi students are also navigating new relationships. They may be in classes with peers(students of the same age)from different junior high schools, necessitating the building of new friendships. Extracurricular activities, such as clubs and sports teams, provide valuable opportunities for social integration and the exploration of interests beyond academics. These experiences contribute to a well-rounded personality, which is highly valued in the holistic education approach promoted by many modern high schools. Psychologically, the pressure to perform well academically, especially with the looming presence of the National College Entrance Examination(Gaokao)in three years, can be intense. It is crucial for students to develop healthy coping mechanisms(应对方式), such as regular exercise, hobbies, and open communication with trusted adults. Schools are increasingly aware of this and are offering more counseling services and mental health workshops to support student well-being(身心健康). Ultimately, Gaoyi is more than just preparation for university; it is a foundational year for developing lifelong learning habits, emotional intelligence, and a clearer sense of self. Embracing(面对)the challenges with a positive attitude can turn this potentially stressful period into a rewarding journey of growth. 12. What is a major difference in teaching style between junior and senior high school mentioned in the text? A. Senior high teachers give less homework. B. Junior high teachers focus more on independent thinking. C. Senior high teachers encourage more self-directed learning. D. Junior high teachers rarely explain difficult concepts. 13. According to Paragraph 3, how do extracurricular activities benefit Gaoyi students? A. They ensure better academic performance. B. They help students earn extra credits for graduation. C. They allow students to avoid social interactions. D. They aid in social integration and interest exploration. 14. The word“holistic” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to A. focused on one subject B. considering the whole person C. related to physical health only D. emphasizing exam results 15. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To criticize the high pressure faced by Gaoyi students. B. To compare different education systems around the world. C. To highlight the significance and challenges of the Gaoyi year. D. To provide specific tips for passing the Gaokao. Passage 5 (25-26高一下·河北邢台·期末)As a high school student, you may feel that senior high school study is more challenging than junior high school. ___16___. You may complain that you often feel tired and inefficient. The key problem is not your effort, but your study habits. Here are some tips on developing good study habits. ___17___ You should list all your learning tasks every morning, including finishing homework, reviewing old knowledge and previewing new lessons. Do not arrange too many tasks at one time, or you will feel stressed and give up halfway. You can mark the important tasks and finish them first to improve your learning efficiency. Focus on your study when you sit at your desk You may tend to let your thoughts wander or focus on irrelevant tiny things while studying. ___18___. You’d better clear up all distracting items on your desk before you start your learning tasks. When you feel tired, you can take a ten-minute break to stretch your body or look out of the window instead of letting your mind wander aimlessly. Review knowledge in time Senior high school knowledge is systematic, and new knowledge is always connected with old content. If you do not review in time, you will soon forget what you have learned. You can spend 15 to 20 minutes every night reviewing the key points of the day’s lessons. ___19___. Keep your study habit consistent(始终如一的) Forming a good habit is not easy, and it requires long-term insistence. ___20___. However, you should remind yourself of your learning goals. Day by day, these small good habits will bring you big progress and make your senior high study more enjoyable. A. Finish your homework first B. Make a clear daily study plan C. You may want to give up on lazy days D. It is very normal to be afraid of failure E. You have more knowledge to master every day F. This habit will help you remember knowledge firmly G. The divided attention will make you remember nothing 话题2亲子关系(共5篇) Passage 1 (25-26高一上·江苏南通·阶段检测)Recently, I said something like this to my 13-year-old son: “I've told you a thousand times, just do your work and we can stop fighting. Why don't you just listen to me? I hate having to shout to get you to pay attention.” Creating a peaceful relationship with our children is a huge test of emotional intelligence-and particularly empathy. In the above example, there are a number of emotional intelligence failures. I was angry, so I was reacting unconsciously instead of responding intentionally. Under my anger was a feeling of powerlessness and fear. I was scared that he is not self-motivated and won't do well. I reacted to the fear by attacking. I was trying to use my force of will to make him obey. The first rule of emotional intelligence: When people feel pushed, they resist. I was blaming him, interpreting his lack of interest in homework as a kind of personal attack on me and implying that he was making me behave the way that I behaved. I was focused on what I wanted and my perspective. I'd like to focus on this last point, because it turns out that this lack of perspective-taking—this lack of empathy—is the key to easing parent-child tension. When I increase empathy and relook at the situation with compassion, I see a different story. Perhaps he was afraid, too. Perhaps he felt powerless, too. Perhaps he's learned the exact same pattern I've modeled: When you're afraid, attack. That moment of curiosity is the doorway to empathy, and it's a game changer. Empathy is not actually a complex skill. It's a basic part of the social brain. That little pause of curiosity is a way to step out of the stress reaction, and step into being the person we choose to be. Hopefully, I’ll remember to take that all-important pause and ask myself :I wonder what's really going on for him right now. 1. What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1? A. The parent-child tension. B. The poor emotional intelligence of parents. C. The peaceful communication. D. The silent resistance from children. 2. What emotional intelligence failures did the writer make in the relationship with his/her son? A. Lacking a sense of fear. B. Forcing his/her son to give in. C. Making personal attacks. D. Making intentional responses quickly. 3. What’s the best title for the text? A. Parent-Child Conflicts B. The Test of Emotional Intelligence C. The Doorway to Empathy D. The Key to Easing Parent-Child Tension Passage 2 (26-27高一上·全国·期中)When Clara took her five-year-old daughter Lila to a school interview this September, she hoped to see her laugh and play with other kids. Instead, Lila just sat alone in a corner, picking at her clothes and never looking up when a teacher talked to her. The teacher suggested that Lila might struggle with socializing. Clara felt worried — she’d never noticed this before — and left the school with a heavy heart. As a nurse, Clara made a hard decision: she quit her job to fully focus on her daughter. She read many books and watched online videos to learn about kids who have trouble fitting in. “People like my daughter love repeating their behavior to calm themselves. Lila likes arranging her toys in a straight line over and over again. If she’s not troubling anyone, I let her be,” Clara says. Despite her efforts, some neighbors often judged her parenting(育儿). Clara faced unkind words, but she stayed patient. She kept a small notebook to record what upset or pleased Lila — loud noises scared her, but soft music made her smile. She also encouraged Lila to join activities like painting and planting flowers. Clara gave up the idea of “fixing” Lila. “I didn’t push her to talk more or play with others. I just wanted her to feel comfortable and grow in her own way,” she says. Today, Lila is more confident — she can say simple greetings, help water the flowers at home, and even share her paintings with the teacher. Clara and her friend started a small group called “Little Stars Shine Too”. They shared Lila’s stories online to help other parents. Clara also wrote a guidebook to support parents of children with special needs. For her, the key is acceptance. “When you stop trying to fit your child into a box, you open the door to a new world,” she says. 4. What caused Clara to leave the school with a heavy heart? A. Her regret at Lila’s performance. B. Her knowing about Lila’s condition. C. Her poor preparations for the interview. D. Her failure to meet Lila’s headteacher. 5. What’s a feature of people like Lila according to Clara? A. They are skilled at playing with toys. B. They are interested in specific activities. C. They keep calm by repeating the same action. D. They need special attention from their families. 6. How does Clara help her daughter Lila? A. By taking part in different activities. B. By creating a supportive environment. C. By working together with her neighbors. D. By reflecting on daily mistakes regularly. 7. Who is the text probably written for? A. Parents. B. Teachers. C. Nurses. D. Students. Passage 3 (25-26高一上·江西南昌·期末)A child’s healthy growth depends on warmth, acceptance, physical touch, love with boundaries, understanding, play, and comfort in difficulty. So why can it be difficult to do this? We promise our unborn child that this is how we will behave towards them but then, just a couple of years later, we’re feeling particularly annoyed and we hear our own parents’ words coming out of our mouths. “Because I say so!” or whatever they said, Beyond repeating their words, we tend to repeat behaviours shown to us by our parents, and then repeat them with our own child. Of course, if these actions made us feel wanted, loved and safe as a child, that is fine. But so often they did the opposite. The gap between ideal parenting and real-life practice comes from hidden cycles and a lack of empathy(共情能力). Parenting is tough; a child becomes your 24/7 focus overnight. This may make you appreciate your own parents more, but it’s important to understand your child too. To develop this empathy, thinking back to how you felt at their age builds the connection needed to respond with patience when they push your buttons. Take my neighbor: he adopted an 18-month-old boy and got really mad when the child dropped food — until he remembered his grandfather shouting at him with a knife handle for the same mistake. Reconnecting with his own childhood pain let him replace anger with empathy, teaching table manners through fun instead of fear. This story proves that understanding your own past is key to breaking harmful cycles. Moreover, guidance given in anger is useless for children — they only take in your negative emotion, not the lesson you want to teach. Anger clouds their ability to learn, turning a teaching moment into a moment of fear. To help your child grow, you must first calm yourself; only then can your words and actions truly guide them. 8. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. Listing healthy growth factors. B. Stressing empathy in parenting. C. Comparing ideal-real parenting. D. Introducing parenting challenges. 9. What causes the difference between ideal and real parenting? A. Society’s parental pressure. B. Little parent-child interaction. C. Kids’ misunderstanding parents. D. Unseen intergenerational patterns. 10. Why does the author mention his neighbor’s story? A. To value empathy in teaching. B. To promote fun manners teaching. C. To stress breaking bad parenting cycles. D. To fight against strict parenting patterns. 11. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Calm words get across children. B. Fear is beneficial to mental growth. C. Anger helps children remember well. D. Both the lesson and negativity are helpful. Passage 4 (25-26高一上·江苏南通·期末)A new survey conducted by the national Center for Health Statistics has discovered a significant gap between American teens’ perceptions(感知)of the support they receive and what their parents believe they provide. The study showed that only 26% of teens feel they get the social and emotional support they need all the time, while parents are almost three times as likely to think they do. A concerning 20% of teens said they rarely or never received the support they needed, and 3% of parents perceived the same issue. This difference tells that parents may be underestimating their children’s need for support. Dr. Jeffrey Arnett, a developmental psychologist, stressed the importance of the parent-adolescent relationship, stating that parents play a central role in their children’s lives. Lisa Damour, a psychologist, pointed out a possible disconnect between the type of support parents think they offer and what teens actually need. She noted that while parents often provide advice or guidance, teens are more likely to seek empathy(共情)and reassurance. The lack of perceived support was linked to poorer health outcomes. Teens who felt supported reported higher rates of depression and anxiety. They also struggled with poor sleep and expressed lower satisfaction with life. The study further revealed that this issue affected specific groups more seriously: Black teens reported feeling less supported than their parents believed, and girls generally felt less supported than boys did. The US surgeon general has called attention to the importance of youth mental health. Help them feel connected and step out of their comfort zones—through sports, education, arts, civic engagement, interactive dialogue and more to build broader social connections. Create a safe space at home where teens feel “seen, heard and valued”. Supporting teenagers also involves simply being curious about their experiences and offering empathy, which can be therapeutic(有疗效的)and beneficial for their mental health. 12. What is the main finding of the survey? A. Parents and teens share similar views on family support. B. Most teenagers refuse to discuss their feelings with adults. C. Parental problems are the main cause of family arguments. D. Parents believe they offer more support than teens actually feel. 13. What does Lisa Damour advise parents to do? A. Turn to professional therapists. B. Stop making choices for their kids. C. Put themselves in their kids’ shoes. D. Give more practical tips and guidance. 14. What can we infer from paragraph 3? A. Boys are unlikely to suffer from low spirits. B. Perceived support must result in life satisfaction. C. Children from wealthy families feel more supported. D. Black teenage girls need their parents’ support the most. 15. What does paragraph 4 mainly focus on? A. The obvious importance of enough support. B. The specific measures to give teens support. C. The hidden reasons for parents’ low support. D. The urgent need for caring about mental health. Passage 5 (25-26高一下·浙江金华·期末)Since you can’t choose your family members, there are sure to be a couple of them who know how to push your buttons and make you mad. ___16___ Stay calm if you get annoyed. Try not to let your emotions take over, even though it might be tough. ___17___ If this doesn’t work, it might be time to step outside or into the other room to gather your thoughts and collect yourself. Stand firm for your wants and needs. You don’t have to be mean or raise your voice, but don’t let anyone talk over you or look down on you. ___18___ So it is important to hold your ground with family. Try saying something like, “I’m only here to talk about Grandpa’s will. Please hold your questions until I finish.” Let the other person be right. Even if you don’t agree, there are some things you can let go. ___19___ Sometimes you can let them feel like they’ve “won”. You don’t have to do this all the time(and don’t do it for important stuff), but if it doesn’t really matter, just let it go. ___20___ Family issues can really wear you out. Make sure you’re eating, drinking, and sleeping enough so you feel well-rested and healthy. Take some time to do something relaxing like soaking in the bath or reading a good book to lower your overall stress levels. A. Practice self-care. B. Focus on the things you can control. C. Here’s how you can stay cool during tough chats. D. Make it clear that you’re here to be heard, not walked all over. E. If you want to get things under control, you have to take action. F. Don’t argue over everything your family says and pick your battles. G. Take some deep breaths in through your nose and out through your mouth. 话题3友谊(共5篇) Passage 1 (25-26高一上·全国·课后作业)Misunderstandings are almost unavoidable among close friends. Many small conflicts do not come from bad intentions, but from mixed signals. Messages get changed in delivery; body language gets misread; one’s jokes may land in totally unexpected ways. Without proper clarification, tiny misreading may slowly erode a precious friendship. When a misunderstanding appears, plenty of people choose to wait passively. They hold the belief that real friends ought to figure everything out automatically. They stay silent, expecting the other side to notice their inner upset and make the first move. Yet waiting for self‑recovery often makes negative feelings pile up. The longer silence lasts, the harder it becomes to fix the broken atmosphere. Taking active steps does not mean rushing into heated arguments immediately. A wise start is to describe your own feelings calmly rather than blaming the other person. Using “I‑statements” helps you state your inner feelings without pointing fingers. For example, “I felt confused by your words” works far better than “You meant to hurt me”. Such expressions lower defensive feelings from your friend and create space for honest exchange. It is also important to accept that misjudgements will happen now and then. No friend can interpret every single word perfectly. Apologizing for your own part of the confusion, even if you are not fully responsible, can smooth the repair process. True friendship does not stay free of conflicts. Its strength lies in how two people work together to clear up confusion. 1. What causes most small misunderstandings between friends? A. Frequent serious quarrels in public. B. Completely different life goals. C. Mixed and misread messages. D. Deliberate bad intentions. 2. What is the risk of keeping silent after misunderstanding? A. It will make bad feelings accumulate. B. It can solve all conflicts automatically. C. It helps friends realize mistakes quickly. D. It strengthens the friendship greatly. 3. What does the author suggest people do to fix misunderstandings? A. Blame friends directly for their wrong behaviour. B. Wait patiently until friends realize everything. C. Avoid any talk and cut off the connection totally. D. Calmly describe personal feelings with “I‑statements”. Passage 2 (25-26高一上·江西抚州·期中)In the early days of motherhood, I felt lonely. I had left a good job to take care of my six-month-old son. Although I loved being with him, I missed talking to other adults and wanted to hear news from outside. I knew I needed to make friends with other mothers — but I didn’t know how. I often took my son, Ethan, to the grocery store, which wasn’t a good place to make friends. He enjoyed smiling at people and looking at colorful displays, but I needed more. “We have to find something better to do,” I thought. Then one day, my husband suggested going to the library. I loved reading but hadn’t had much time since Ethan was born. Maybe a good book could cheer me up. While at the library, I discovered the children’s area. There was a schedule of activities for children, including a playgroup for babies and toddlers(学步的儿童). I wasn’t sure if I would know anyone, but I decided to give it a try. The next week, Ethan and I went to the playgroup. I was nervous at first. Luckily, a friendly woman named Misty welcomed us. She introduced me to other moms, and we started talking about our children — their development, favorite foods, and sleep habits. I left feeling happy and hopeful about making new friends. After that, Ethan and I seldom missed a playgroup. As he grew older, we joined more activities like “Tot Time” and “Story Time.” Later, when his younger sister and brother were born, our schedule became even busier. Together, we learned about gardening, met animals from the local zoo, and played educational games. Most importantly, we all made new friends. I’m thankful for the moms I met at the library. We have similar backgrounds and children around the same age, so we can support and advise each other. When the children were younger, we met at different parks during summer. Now, we sometimes go out without the kids for dinner or shopping. We still join library activities together. I’m still amazed how one small brave step changed my life so much. My advice is: don’t be afraid to talk to other moms. You can meet them at the park, church, school, or the library. You might just make lifelong friends. 4. Why did the author feel lonely at the beginning of the story? A. She didn’t love her son. B. She missed her good job. C. She missed talking to other adults. D. She didn’t like staying at home at all. 5. What did the author discover in the children’s area of the library? A. A free toy shop. B. A playgroup for mothers. C. A new book for herself. D. A schedule of activities for children. 6. How did the author feel after the first playgroup? A. Happy and hopeful. B. Tired and bored. C. Nervous and annoyed. D. Determined but sad. 7. What is the main message of the story? A. Libraries are only for reading books. B. Mothers should always stay at home. C. Children don’t need friends when they are young. D. It’s important to be brave and try new things to make friends. Passage 3 (25-26高一上·广西·期中)David Thomas and I have been friends since we were about 5 years old. We celebrated his 26th birthday last weekend, marking about twenty years of friendship. Now David has got a PhD in English literature, and I’m a science reporter. We found we were both attracted to a study published in Child Development. In the study, the researchers observed 169 people for 10 years, starting when they were 15 years old. At the age of 15 and again at 16, the participants(参与者)were asked to bring in their closest friends for one-on-one interviews with the researchers. “They were asked how much trust there was, how good communication was and how disconnected they felt in the friendship,” says Rachel Narr, the lead author of the study. Each year, the participants were surveyed about their feelings of anxiety, depression(忧郁)and self-worth. Narr says when she watched videos made in the early years of the study, she could easily tell which relationships were strong based on the teens’ behavior. “These teens are likely to be open with one another about difficult topics, and they’re more connected with one another and helping the other person,” she says. When the researchers examined the participants at the end of the study, they found the ones who had close and meaningful connections reported less depression and anxiety and more self-worth at 25 than they had at 15 and 16. “The finding is valuable, which shows us the importance of teenage friendships, not just in the short term but throughout adulthood,” says Catherine Bagwell, an expert in psychology at Oxford College of Emory University, who was not part of the study. Obviously, I wouldn’t be the same person without David. During our senior year of high school, my parents were busy with their work. I usually stayed at home alone on weekends, but sometimes David was there with me. He helped me study, clean up the house and do other things. Over the years, we’ve helped each other get through some bigger difficulties, like our addiction to phones. Last weekend, we talked about Narr’s study, and we saw ourselves. The study found a best friend is important, and that makes sense to us. 8. What did the researchers study about the participants at first? A. Where their stress came from. B. How close their friendships were. C. What ways they liked to make friends. D. How their friendships affected their physical health. 9. What can be implied from the finding of the study? A. Teenage friendships can influence job choices. B. Good teenage friendships bring benefits in adulthood. C. Youth is a perfect period to form lifelong relationships. D. Long-term relationships develop a sense of responsibility. 10. What is Catherine Bagwell’s attitude towards the study? A. Confused. B. Uninterested. C. Disappointed. D. Praising. 11. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Researchers measure teenage friendship closeness. B. A study shows teenage friendships matter into adulthood. C. Teenage friendships only affect short-term mental health. D. The author’s friendship with David teaches him the value of competition. Passage 4 (25-26高一上·辽宁·期末)If you and your best friends love laughing at the same comedies or tearing up during the same movies, that is not accidental. A new study has found that people whose brains react in similar ways to the same video are more likely to form lasting friendships. Researchers followed a group of MBA students from their arrival on campus. Before the students had a chance to get to know each other, 41 of them watched a series of movie clips. The scientists then tracked the students’ social networks for the next 8 months. Noticeably, those who processed the videos in similar ways were more likely to become friends later, compared with peers whose brains reacted differently. Rather than being just about shared taste in shows or sports, the finding suggests that deeper similarities in how our brains interpret the world may help explain why some friendships last while others fade. Friendship has long been explained by homophily — the idea that “birds of a feather flock together.” People often bond through shared backgrounds or hobbies. But the new findings suggest something deeper at play: friendships may be rooted in shared ways of perceiving and making sense of the world. Brain regions linked to emotion, attention, and meaning-making — including the orbitofrontal cortex, which processes subjective value, and the medial prefrontal cortex, which showed the strongest similarities among people who later become close. The researchers argued that while some friendships form from convenience — like sitting next to someone in class — deeper, longer-lasting bonds may come from similar brain activities. Friendships born out of circumstance often faded, while those rooted in shared brain responses lasted. 12. How did the researchers conduct the study? A. By comparing students’ movie preferences. B. By analyzing students’ learning performance. C. By interviewing students about their hobbies. D. By tracking brain responses and social bonds. 13. What contributes to lasting friendships according to the study? A. Shared personal interests. B. Frequent contacts in daily life. C. Similar interpretation of the world. D. Common educational backgrounds. 14. What does the underlined word “homophily” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Similarity. B. Activity. C. Convenience. D. Emotion. 15. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To suggest methods in maintaining friendships. B. To discuss the role of convenience in friendships. C. To explain scientific reasons for lasting friendships. D. To describe the brain activities related to friendships. Passage 5 (24-25高一·湖南长沙·阶段检测)Although friends can positively affect your life, conflict(冲突)with friends is often a source of stress and disappointment. ___16___ Understanding conflict and developing skills in conflict resolution(解决)in a friendship can help you avoid frequent arguments and solve conflict when it happens.   ___17___ Common examples are jealousy, poor communication skills, lack of consideration or respect, different principles or outlooks on life and one friend contributing more to the relationship than the other. Arguments or conflict may result from experiencing a bad day or other issues that have nothing to do with the actual friendship. The stress that results from conflict with a friend can negatively affect you physically and emotionally. There is evidence that conflict among teenage friends can contribute to failure in school or criminal behaviour. ___18___ Communication and empathy(感同身受)are important in resolving conflict. Tips for resolving disagreements are listening to your friend’s opinions and concerns, showing respect for each other and avoiding emotional exchanges while attempting to communicate. ___19___ Resolving conflict can actually bring you and your friend closer together.   Conflict will arise from time to time in any friendship. ___20___ Tips for developing a healthy relationship such as avoiding competition, limiting complaints, respecting your friends’ privacy and stopping judging your friends have been presented by some experts. Although disagreements are bound to happen, try to avoid unnecessary conflict. A. The teenage years are often stressful. B. However, you can limit its frequency by following some suggestions. C. When conflict arises, think about whether you have done something wrong. D. There are various reasons why conflict may happen between you and your friend. E. How you resolve conflict with your friend influences the quality of the friendship. F. The above behaviour shows that you care about your friend and value the friendship. G. Other side effects of conflict are anxiety, depression and loss of the friendship. 话题4青少年身心健康(共5篇) Passage 1 (25-26高一下·湖南长沙·期末) Healthy Breakfast Options for a Great Start Having a nutritious breakfast is vital for starting your day well. Here are four easy breakfast recipes for you. Overnight Oats: Before going to bed, mix rolled oats, chia seeds(奇亚籽), almond milk(杏仁奶), honey and your favorite fruits in a jar. Next morning, it’s ready. Oats give fiber, and chia seeds with almond milk offer protein and healthy fats. Avocado and Egg Toast: Toast whole-grain bread. Put mashed avocado, a cooked egg, salt and pepper on it. Avocado has healthy monounsaturated fats(单不饱和脂肪), and eggs are rich in high-quality protein. Yogurt Parfait: Layer Greek yogurt, mixed berries and granola(格兰诺拉麦片)in a bowl. Greek yogurt has protein and calcium. Berries provide antioxidants. Granola adds crunch and fiber. Smoothie Bowl: Blend frozen fruits like bananas and berries with spinach and almond milk. Pour it into a bowl and top it with granola, chia seeds and fresh fruit. Recipe Details: Preparation Time: Overnight Oats takes 5 minutes at night. Avocado and Egg Toast needs 10 minutes in the morning. Yogurt Parfait needs 5 minutes in the morning while Smoothie Bowl takes 8 minutes. Expert Tips: For Overnight Oats, add nuts for more protein. Use ripe avocados for Avocado and Egg Toast. Choose plain Greek yogurt for Yogurt Parfait. These breakfasts are both delicious and nutritious to keep you energetic in the morning. 1. Which breakfast recipe needs the longest preparation time in the morning? A. Overnight Oats. B. Avocado and Egg Toast. C. Yogurt Parfait. D. Smoothie Bowl. 2. What can be inferred about the Yogurt Parfait? A. It takes a long time to prepare. B. It’s not suitable for people who dislike dairy. C. It’s the most expensive option. D. It’s a source of calcium and antioxidants. 3. What’s the author’s attitude towards these breakfast recipes? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Objective. D. Critical. Passage 2 (25-26高一上·安徽·期中)I had been up since 4 a.m., running 27 miles in the dark for an upcoming marathon. After completing my run in just over four hours, I jumped into my car, heading to the health club for my regular workout. I made it almost through my kickboxing class before passing out. A friend carried me downstairs, and I lay down on the long sofa. I stayed like that until I could sit up without the room spinning(旋转). Even then, I tried to head to the weight room, but my friend insisted that I go home, packing me into my car with a serious look. Back home, I showered, changed into workout clothes, and headed back to the car — only to find my keys missing. My husband was holding them. “You have a problem,” he said. As he walked away, I cried. If I had the keys, I’d still have gone back to the health club. I was just 30 years old, yet I had the bone density(密度)of a 60-year-old. Due to over-exercising and under-eating, I had more stress fractures(骨折)in my legs and feet. My hair was falling out. I was underweight. I couldn’t sleep. I was feeling cold all the time. My blood pressure was very low. In short, my body was no longer able to properly keep the most basic functions. Then, I started treatment. The first rule of my treatment program was zero exercise. I wasn’t even allowed to walk around the block. I went from exercising for hours every day to nothing. It was the most difficult time I had ever experienced. Today I walk a fine line: I still exercise every day, but I limit it to no more than 2 hours. I have regular checkups at the doctor, and keep good physical and mental health. Now my goal is to educate others. 4. Why did the writer try to go back to the club from home? A. Because she had a passion for keeping fit. B. Because she had an exercise addiction. C. Because she had a fear of aging. D. Because she had a desire to lose weight. 5. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Ways to slow down aging. B. Common signs of aging. C. The importance of workout. D. Heavy price of over-exercising. 6. What was the writer’s treatment course like? A. Easy. B. Relaxed. C. Challenging. D. Encouraging. 7. What lesson can we learn from the text? A. Don’t overdo your workout. B. Daily exercise is important. C. Regular checkups are necessary. D. Zero exercise is the best health secret. Passage 3 (24-25高一下·河南南阳·阶段检测)A new study led by the University of Bristol showed that when 13-year-old children who were picky eaters as preschoolers got to choose their own food(school dinners)at lunchtime, they were less picky about what they ate, compared with a packed lunch. In the study, picky children were less likely than their non-picky peers(同龄人)to have meat or fish sandwich fillings, and more likely to have fillings such as peanut butter or cheese spread. They were also less likely to eat fruit or salad in packed lunches. However, when picky children ate school dinners, they ate a wider variety of foods and made more similar choices to those of their peers. Researchers looked at questionnaire data from more than 5,300 children in another study. They looked into information from different preschool ages and again at age 13 to understand how picky eating behavior changes over time. Of the children participating, around half had packed lunches on most days, over a quarter had school dinners on most days and just over a third had school dinners on some days. There was no difference in the frequency of having packed lunches versus school dinners between picky and non-picky eaters. Picky eating peaks at around 3 years of age, but this study showed some of those who were picky as babies continued to show similar behavior at 13 years old. However, school dinners could help picky children explore more foods and become healthier overall. Dr. Caroline Taylor, lead researcher from the University of Bristol, said, “We found school dinners could be a good option to increase variety in the diets of picky teens, but there are plenty of other things parents can do to encourage a healthy diet. Whether that’s enjoying family meals together, modeling a balanced diet yourself, or involving them in meal preparation, it all helps. Most picky children are eating enough, but they’re sometimes lacking a good balance of foods. It’s important to encourage all children to eat enough nutrient-rich fruits and vegetables to help them grow, whether that’s at home or at school.” 8. How does the packed lunch affect picky eaters? A. It enhances their hands-on ability. B. It encourages them to try new foods. C. It limits their intake of fruits and salads. D. It reduces their preference for peanut butter fillings. 9. How did the researchers get the findings? A. They analyzed data from previous research. B. They interviewed parents about their children’s diets. C. They carried out some experiments on food preferences. D. They made observations of children’s diets in real time. 10. What do Dr. Caroline Taylor’s words imply? A. Picky eating among teenagers is a widespread phenomenon. B. Schools should stop students bringing their packed lunches. C. Role modeling matters most in shaping teens’ eating habits. D. Multiple approaches can be applied to aid teens’ healthy diets. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The Reasons for Teens’ Picky Habit at School B. A Long-Term Study on Children’s Eating Habits C. School Dinners May Help Picky Teens Explore More Foods D. Parents Should Pay More Attention to Children’s Eating Habits Passage 4 (25-26高一上·上海·期末)After working in plastic surgery and medical aesthetics for the past 10 years, I’ve realized how many people struggle with a distorted self-image or an inaccurate perception of themselves. Many examine their own appearance under a microscope, focusing on every perceived flaw while overlooking qualities that others admire without hesitation. Many thought that a different nose, smoother skin, or a more balanced face would finally change them from an unattractive outsider to a stunning head-turner. However, one patient, in particular, changed the way I thought about beauty. Several years ago, a woman in her forties came to my clinic. She was a successful architect who carried herself with remarkable confidence. Unlike many patients, she did not arrive with a long list of complaints. Instead, she smiled and said, “I’ve never disliked my appearance, but there is one thing I’ve always wanted to change.” She explained that a childhood accident had left her nose slightly crooked. The feature had never prevented her from building a successful career, maintaining close friendships, or feeling comfortable in public. Yet whenever she looked in the mirror, she felt that one small detail did not quite reflect the person she knew herself to be. What struck me was her attitude. She never spoke of becoming prettier or looking like a celebrity. She never compared herself with what was presented on social media. Nor did she believe that surgery would transform her life. She simply wanted her outward appearance to match the confidence she already felt within. Several months after the procedure, she returned for a follow-up appointment. The change was subtle, but she seemed genuinely pleased. “I don’t feel like a different person,” she told me. “I feel more like myself.” Her words stayed with me long after she left. I’ve come to realize a difference between seeking treatment as a healthy form of self-improvement and pursuing it out of a persistent belief that one is never “good enough.” The former can be empowering; the latter is rarely satisfied, no matter how successful the procedure may be. Plastic surgery is a powerful, transformative, and deeply personal decision. I believe in it completely. I have watched it change lives, restore confidence, and give people the reflection they always felt they deserved. But the most beautiful results I have ever seen happen when a patient walks in already knowing their worth — and simply wants the outside to match how extraordinary they feel within. 12. What does the author mean by saying that many people “examine their own appearance under a microscope”? A. They are unable to see their appearance clearly. B. They often seek professional medical examinations. C. They compare themselves with scientists conducting research. D. They pay excessive attention to their perceived imperfections. 13. Why was the author impressed by the architect’s attitude? A. She sought surgery to have a more successful career. B. She expected surgery to completely transform her life. C. She accepted herself while seeking a minor improvement. D. She was determined to change every small detail of her life. 14. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Physical appearance is the only source of sense of achievement. B. Most patients seek cosmetic procedures because of pressure from social media. C. The architect had encountered many career failures before she had the plastic surgery. D. A person’s attitude toward themselves may affect how satisfied they feel after treatment. 15. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward plastic surgery? A. Uninterested in its influence on patients. B. Completely supportive without reservation. C. Cautiously positive while emphasizing self-worth. D. Strongly opposed due to its stress on outward beauty. Passage 5 (25-26高一下·山西晋中·期末)It is natural to compare ourselves with others and to get caught in a mental comparison cycle, yet this is seldom beneficial. You may have heard the expression, “Comparison is the thief of joy.” ___16___ Comparison not only robs us of joy, but it can also fuel self-criticism and a lack of self-acceptance. ___17___ “I am not as successful and competent as they are.” “Why don’t I have what they have?” We use comparison as a way of self-criticism, which prevents self-acceptance. Another issue with comparison is that it causes unrealistic expectations. When we compare ourselves to others, we often overlook the context of their journey. We see the success, but not the failures, sacrifices or struggles. ___18___ But in reality, no one’s life is without difficulties, and by focusing on someone else’s highlights, we’re ignoring the complexity of our own story. Comparison may secretly play tricks on us. If we meet expectations, lose weight, or get a promotion, we will feel better, calmer, and stop comparing ourselves. This may be temporarily true. ___19___ We can always find something else to compare, another expectation we tell ourselves we are not meeting, leaving us feeling worse once again. Let go of the idea that you need to compete with others. Life is not a race, and there is no finish line you must cross to prove your worth. Instead of comparing, try to celebrate others’ successes and use them as inspiration for your own journey. ___20___ Not just for yourself, but for those around you. A. Yet comparison is an endless process. B. Comparison lowers your sense of security. C. So what can we do to break free from comparison? D. Typically, it leads to perceiving others as superior to us. E. By doing so, you create an environment of positivity and growth. F. This makes it easy to assume that everyone else is living a perfect life. G. This rings true as comparing ourselves with others makes happiness hard to feel. Passage 1 【新素材·融合生物和心理学知识】Time flies when you have fun on your smartphone. But when you sit down to work and study, an hour feels like a year. ________ It is all because of something small called dopamine which is a “joy chemical” that makes people feel good. Our brains release it when we eat yummy food, after we exercise or when we are praised. Compared with studying, eating chocolate can make your brain release 150% more dopamine, and exercising for 30 minutes raises it by 200%. But using smartphones creates much more dopamine. For example, watching short videos gives a 250% increase, and checking new messages makes dopamine jump by 400%—much higher than studying. But why? When we go through social media, we don’t know what we’ll see next. This uncertainty makes dopamine active. Studying doesn’t provide such uncertainty. Without the excitement of “gambling(赌博)”, we get bored much more easily. Can we do something to change that? According to research, apps can become less attractive if we turn off notifications(消息通知)or change the screen colours to black and white. We can also set time controls on apps. As for studying, you could check your progress daily or weekly and reward yourself for it. You could also explore interesting topics related to your textbooks. 1. Which of the following can be put in “________”? A. Why is studying so important for our brains? B. Why are we so easily tired of using smartphones? C. Why is using a smartphone the best way to improve study? D. Why are we so crazy about smartphones but easily bored with studying? 2. What does the underlined word “release” mean in the passage? A. Recycle. B. Reduce. C. Produce. D. Attract. 3. Which of the following pictures shows the level of dopamine increase? A. B. C. D. 4. What can be the best title for the passage? A. The Joy Source of Life: Dopamine B. The Cure of Screen Habit: Phone Tips C. The Fun-Killer of Study: Dopamine D. The Cure for Boredom: Learning Plans Passage 2 【新素材·心理健康科普】We all have people who make us feel uncomfortable the moment we meet them. Spending a great deal of time with someone you dislike is more than just mentally tiring. ___1___ When we stay around annoying people for a long time, our body will keep releasing cortisol, known as the stress hormone. Short-term cortisol helps us deal with emergencies. ___2___ It breaks down collagen, the protein keeping our skin elastic. It also shortens telomeres, the protective ends of chromosomes. Shorter telomeres mean cells age faster. Besides, constantly high cortisol weakens our immune system and disturbs our sleep. ___3___ Repeated anger, frustration and overthinking about that person create continuous mental exhaustion. Many people keep replaying unpleasant conversations in their minds, which is a typical sign of mental internal friction. Poor sleep and long-term anxiety will show on our faces and drain our energy, making us look much older than our real age. Some research from Harvard and Stanford supports this idea. Studies show that people stuck in conflicting relationships have telomeres shortening at a higher speed than those with peaceful social connections. ___4___ It speeds up aging rather than causes it on its own. ___5___ The most effective way is to cut down contact as much as possible. We can also practice emotional detachment: stop expecting them to change and reduce their influence on our feelings. Regular exercise and deep breathing also help control cortisol levels. A. However, long-lasting high levels of cortisol do great harm to our body. B. Mental tiredness caused by bad relationships also contributes to aging. C. It may actually speed up our physical aging, according to scientific research. D. Therefore, we should stay away from all people we dislike completely. E. But we should remember that relational stress is only an accelerator of aging. F. There are practical ways to reduce the harm brought by such stressful contacts. G. Many people ignore the connection between skin condition and daily emotions. 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题03 阅读理解（含七选五）4大常考话题 话题1 学校生活 话题2 亲子关系（常考点） 话题3 友谊 话题4 青少年身心健康（难点） 阅读理解四选一 ①应用文体裁：先题后文，精准定位，筛选信息，题文比对； ②记叙文体裁：关注细节，注重联系，读懂表象，挖掘意义； ③说明文体裁：理清顺序，抓准中心，辨析逻辑，难句拆解； ④议论文体裁：梳理论证，锁定论点，分清主次，辨明观点。 阅读理解七选五 ①看设空位置：首段首空看下文，尾段尾空看全篇，其余空格看前后； ②思逻辑关系：思考空格前后在行文上的逻辑关系(因果关系、转折/让步关系、例证关系、递进关系、并列关系等)； ③析选项特征：分析选项的特征(有没有代词的指代、同义词/近义词或同畴词的呈现)，考虑填在文中的相应位置。 话题1学校生活(共5篇) Passage 1 (26-27高一上·河北邯郸·阶段检测)Many freshmen meet the same problem: they don’t know how to study well in high school. High-school knowledge is deeper, so simple memorization is not enough. Here are two useful learning tips. First, active thinking matters a lot. When you take classes, do not only copy what teachers write on the blackboard. Try to understand why knowledge works in this way. Write down your own questions in your notebook and try to find answers after class. Second, regular review helps you keep knowledge fresh. Many students only study before exams. That habit makes learning hard. Go over what you have learned within one or two days, and you will remember it much better. Good learning habits will not form overnight. Keep practicing, and you will make progress little by little. 1. What does the underlined word “memorization” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Understanding deeply B. Keeping things in mind C. Asking many questions D. Doing lots of exercises 2. What is the second tip mainly about? A. Taking notes carefully in class B. Asking teachers more questions C. Reviewing knowledge on a regular basis D. Forming good sleeping habits 3. What is the main idea of the passage? A. To introduce ways for freshmen to study well. B. To explain why high‑school work is hard. C. To show different students’ learning styles. D. To warn students against bad sleeping habits. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 【导语】本文为说明文。短文高一新生提供了学好高中知识的两个实用技巧。 1. 词义猜测题。根据第一段“High-school knowledge is deeper(高中知识更深入)”可知，高中知识更深入，所以单纯的记忆是不够的，由此可知，memorization词义为“记忆”，即：“记住一些东西”，故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Second, regular review helps you keep knowledge fresh. Many students only study before exams. That habit makes learning hard. Go over what you have learned within one or two days, and you will remember it much better.(第二，定期复习可以帮助你保持知识的新鲜。许多学生只在考试前学习。这种习惯使学习变得困难。在一两天内复习你学过的东西，你会记得更好)”可知，第二点建议是定期复习学过的知识，故选C。 3. 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Many freshmen meet the same problem: they don’t know how to study well in high school. High-school knowledge is deeper, so simple memorization is not enough. Here are two useful learning tips.(许多高一新生面临相同的问题：他们不知道如何在高中学好。高中知识更深，所以单纯的记忆是不够的。这里有两条实用的学习建议)”可知，文章为高一新生提供了学好高中知识的两个实用技巧，故选A。 第3小题易误选B。B只对应第一段一句话细节“高中知识更难”，只是引出建议的背景，不是全文核心；全文重心是介绍两条学习方法，不是解释学业困难的原因。 Passage 2 (26-27高一上·云南昆明·阶段检测)When I first heard about Summit Learning, I admitted I was not a bit happy and excited at all. I thought it would need interactions with others. But later, I was amazed when I got to experience it firsthand. Recently, we did a poetry project, and one of the activities was a peer(同龄人)review. I would never have taken part if it was up to me, as I preferred to work by myself. But when I got involved, I found in the experience, I had done something that I thought was nearly impossible — it made my poetry better. My partner informed me of my mistakes and told me where I could give more details. One of our final products of the project was to present our poetry to the class. I’ve always loved public speaking, but I thought with Summit Learning, I would have fewer chances to speak. I was wrong. The peer activities we did with a partner gave me more belief in my ability and encouraged me to do more to make my presentation the best it could possibly be. Interactions like these are what Summit Learning is all about. This style of learning brings a positive and hard-working culture that allows us to push our boundaries(界限)and keep going. It creates a sense of community since we are all working towards a similar goal. As an active boy, I have always been ahead, but in a normal classroom, there are limitations on what I can do. With Summit Learning, I can go beyond expectations in projects or move ahead in learning new knowledge when I’m ready. I have ownership of my work and can pursue my goals. Summit Learning has showed me how much people can grow and change. It has helped me see people and myself differently. It has been one of the greatest experiences of my life, and I cannot see myself going back to a normal classroom. 4. What was the author’s response to Summit Learning at first? A. He was unwilling to attend it. B. He was excited to take part in it. C. He was surprised to hear about it. D. He was unhappy to give it up. 5. How did the poetry project benefit the author? A. It improved his confidence. B. It developed his sense of humour. C. It encourages him to work alone. D. It taught him how to organise activities. 6. What can be inferred about Summit Learning? A. It proves the limits of one’s abilities. B. It teaches poetry in a normal classroom. C. It changes the traditional way of learning. D. It helps create different classroom goals. 7. How does the author find Summit Learning now? A. Challenging. B. Worthwhile. C. Annoying. D. Traditional. 【答案】4. A 5. A 6. C 7. B 【导语】本篇为记叙文。短文主要介绍了作者亲历Summit Learning，收获成长并喜爱它。 4. 细节理解题。根据第一段“I admitted I was not a bit happy and excited at all.(我承认我一点也不高兴和兴奋)”以及第二段“I would never have taken part if it was up to me(如果由我决定，我绝不会参加)”可知，作者最初对Summit Learning的态度是抗拒的，不愿意参加，故选A。 5. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The peer activities we did with a partner gave me more belief in my ability(我们与同伴一起做的活动让我对自己的能力有了更多的信心)”可知，诗歌项目中的同伴互评活动增强了作者的自信心，故选A。 6. 推理判断题。根据第五段“As an active boy, I have always been ahead, but in a normal classroom, there are limitations on what I can do. With Summit Learning, I can go beyond expectations in projects or move ahead in learning new knowledge when I’m ready.(作为一个活跃的男孩，我一直进度领先，但在传统的普通课堂里，我能做的事是受限的。有了Summit Learning，我可以在项目中超出预期，或者在我准备好的时候提前学习新知识)”可推断，Summit Learning改变了传统的学习方式，故选C。 7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It has been one of the greatest experiences of my life(这是我一生中最棒的经历之一)”可知，作者对Summit Learning给予了极高的评价，认为这段经历是非常有意义、有价值的，故选B。 第4小题易误选C。考生易混淆was amazed(是后续亲身体验后的感受，不是最初听到时的反应)；题干关键词at first锁定初次听说的心态：不高兴、不想参加。 Passage 3 (26-27高一上·云南玉溪·阶段检测)The decision to delay morning arrival times in Nanjing has caused a wide discussion about how to balance students’ academic(学业的)needs with their health. While some people support the change, others worry about its possible effects. Supporters of the policy argue that sleep is very important for teenagers’ growth. They point out that students who do not get enough sleep often feel tired, worried, or unable to focus. In contrast, well-rested students are more likely to take an active part in class and perform better in exams. Some experts also note that a good breakfast plays an important role in students’ health and learning. With a later start time, students can have enough time to eat well and prepare for the day. People who disagree with the policy, however, express concerns about the influence on academic performance. They argue that reducing morning study time might lead to lower grades, especially for students who need more practice or review. Some parents worry that students will become lazy if they do not have to get up early. They also question whether schools can really improve classroom efficiency(效率)enough to make up for the lost time. To better study the effects of the new schedule, education departments in Nanjing plan to collect feedback from students, parents, and teachers over the next few months. They will record changes in students’ sleep quality, attendance rates, and academic performance. If the results show that the policy is beneficial, it may be carried out in more schools. If problems arise, further changes may be made. In the long run, experts suggest that improving students’ well-being requires the efforts of schools, families, and society. Schools should not only change schedules but also improve teaching quality. Parents should help their children develop good sleep habits and create a quiet environment at home. Students themselves should learn to manage their time wisely and avoid staying up late. Only in this way can the goal of reducing burden and improving quality be truly achieved. 8. What do supporters of the policy believe? A. Students should get up as early as possible. B. Sleep is not important for academic performance. C. After-school services are more important than sleep. D. Well-rested students are more likely to perform better. 9. How does the author develop the argument in the passage? A. By listing historical events related to education. B. By describing personal experiences of students. C. By comparing different countries’ school systems. D. By presenting both supporting and opposing views. 10. What can we learn from the passage? A. The policy will be carried out in all schools in Nanjing. B. The new schedule will probably be changed according to future results. C. Schools play a more important role than families in students’ well-being. D. Students can make up for lost learning time by studying more efficiently. 11. What is the passage mainly about? A. The importance of after-school services. B. The debate about later school start times. C. The reasons for students’ sleep problems. D. The benefits of delayed school start times. 【答案】8. D 9. D 10. B 11. B 【导语】本篇为议论文。短文主要介绍南京推迟早上到校时间引发的争论及相关后续安排与多方建议。 8. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In contrast, well-rested students are more likely to take an active part in class and perform better in exams.(相比之下，休息充分的学生更有可能积极参与课堂并在考试中取得更好的成绩)”可知，政策支持者认为休息好的学生更可能表现优异，故选D。 9. 推理判断题。根据第一段“The decision to delay morning arrival times in Nanjing has caused a wide discussion about how to balance students’ academic(学业的)needs with their health. While some people support the change, others worry about its possible effects.(南京推迟早上到校时间的这一决定，引发了一场关于如何平衡学生学业需求与身体健康的广泛讨论。一部分人支持这项调整，而另一些人则担忧它可能带来的影响)”可知，文章先引出话题，根据第二段“Supporters of the policy argue that sleep is very important for teenagers’ growth.(这项政策的支持者认为，睡眠对青少年的成长至关重要)”可知，第二段陈述支持者观点；根据第三段“People who disagree with the policy, however, express concerns about the influence on academic performance.(然而，反对这项政策的人对(该政策)给学业成绩带来的影响表示担忧)”可知，第三段阐述反对者的担忧，由此可知，作者是通过展示正反两种观点展开论述，故选D。 10. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“If the results show that the policy is beneficial, it may be carried out in more schools. If problems arise, further changes may be made.(如果结果表明这项政策有益，它可能会在更多学校推行。如果出现问题，将会做出进一步调整)”可知，新的作息可能会根据后续结果进行改动，故选B。 11. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The decision to delay morning arrival times in Nanjing has caused a wide discussion about how to balance students’ academic(学业的)needs with their health. While some people support the change, others worry about its possible effects.(南京推迟早上到校时间的这一决定，引发了一场关于如何平衡学生学业需求与身体健康的广泛讨论。一部分人支持这项调整，而另一些人则担忧它可能带来的影响)”可知，首段点明南京推迟早上到校时间引发广泛讨论，后文分别讲述支持、反对意见以及后续调研，围绕推迟上学时间的争论展开，故选B。 第11小题易误选D。D只提到推迟上学时间的好处，仅对应第二段支持者观点，忽略反对意见和调研部分；全文核心是围绕该政策的争论，不单是讲益处。 Passage 4 (26-27高一上·安徽六安·阶段检测)The transition from junior to senior high school is a significant milestone for teenagers worldwide. In China, this period, often referred to as “Gaoyi,” marks not only an increase in academic rigor(学业难度)but also a critical stage of personal growth and identity formation. New subjects, more complex concepts, and higher expectations from teachers and parents can create considerable pressure. However, it is  this challenge that fosters(培养)resilience(韧性)and independence. One of the most noticeable changes is the teaching style. Unlike junior high, where teachers often spoon-feed knowledge, senior high teachers tend to encourage more independent thinking and self-directed learning. Students are expected to preview lessons, actively participate in discussions, and complete extended reading assignments. This shift requires them to develop better organizational skills and time management strategies. Socially, Gaoyi students are also navigating new relationships. They may be in classes with peers(students of the same age)from different junior high schools, necessitating the building of new friendships. Extracurricular activities, such as clubs and sports teams, provide valuable opportunities for social integration and the exploration of interests beyond academics. These experiences contribute to a well-rounded personality, which is highly valued in the holistic education approach promoted by many modern high schools. Psychologically, the pressure to perform well academically, especially with the looming presence of the National College Entrance Examination(Gaokao)in three years, can be intense. It is crucial for students to develop healthy coping mechanisms(应对方式), such as regular exercise, hobbies, and open communication with trusted adults. Schools are increasingly aware of this and are offering more counseling services and mental health workshops to support student well-being(身心健康). Ultimately, Gaoyi is more than just preparation for university; it is a foundational year for developing lifelong learning habits, emotional intelligence, and a clearer sense of self. Embracing(面对)the challenges with a positive attitude can turn this potentially stressful period into a rewarding journey of growth. 12. What is a major difference in teaching style between junior and senior high school mentioned in the text? A. Senior high teachers give less homework. B. Junior high teachers focus more on independent thinking. C. Senior high teachers encourage more self-directed learning. D. Junior high teachers rarely explain difficult concepts. 13. According to Paragraph 3, how do extracurricular activities benefit Gaoyi students? A. They ensure better academic performance. B. They help students earn extra credits for graduation. C. They allow students to avoid social interactions. D. They aid in social integration and interest exploration. 14. The word“holistic” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to A. focused on one subject B. considering the whole person C. related to physical health only D. emphasizing exam results 15. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To criticize the high pressure faced by Gaoyi students. B. To compare different education systems around the world. C. To highlight the significance and challenges of the Gaoyi year. D. To provide specific tips for passing the Gaokao. 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. C 【导语】本篇为说明文。短文主要介绍高一阶段面临的各类变化、挑战以及它对青少年成长的重要意义。 12. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unlike junior high, where teachers often spoon-feed knowledge, senior high teachers tend to encourage more independent thinking and self-directed learning.(不像初中老师常常填鸭式灌输知识，高中老师倾向鼓励更多的独立思考与自主学习)”可知，初高中教学方式主要差别是高中老师鼓励自主学习，故选C。 13. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Extracurricular activities, such as clubs and sports teams, provide valuable opportunities for social integration and the exploration of interests beyond academics.(社团、运动队这类课外活动，为社交融合以及学业之外的兴趣探索提供宝贵机会)”可知课外活动有助于学生融入集体、发掘兴趣，故选D。 14. 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“These experiences contribute to a well-rounded personality, which is highly valued in the holistic education approach promoted by many modern high schools.(这些经历有助于塑造全面的人格，这也是许多现代高中所推行的holistic教育理念中十分看重的一点)”可知 ，这些经历有助于塑造全面的人格，所以holistic指关注人的全面发展，考虑整个人，故选B。 15. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In China, this period, often referred to as “Gaoyi,” marks not only an increase in academic rigor but also a critical stage of personal growth and identity formation.(在中国，这个常被叫做高一的阶段，不仅意味着学业难度提升，也是个人成长与自我认知形成的关键时期)” 并且全文介绍高一的各项挑战与成长价值，作者目的是强调高一的意义与挑战，故选C。 第15小题易误选A。文中只是客观陈述高一压力，并没有批评压力；文章重在阐述高一的挑战与重要价值，不是批判高压。 Passage 5 (25-26高一下·河北邢台·期末)As a high school student, you may feel that senior high school study is more challenging than junior high school. ___16___. You may complain that you often feel tired and inefficient. The key problem is not your effort, but your study habits. Here are some tips on developing good study habits. ___17___ You should list all your learning tasks every morning, including finishing homework, reviewing old knowledge and previewing new lessons. Do not arrange too many tasks at one time, or you will feel stressed and give up halfway. You can mark the important tasks and finish them first to improve your learning efficiency. Focus on your study when you sit at your desk You may tend to let your thoughts wander or focus on irrelevant tiny things while studying. ___18___. You’d better clear up all distracting items on your desk before you start your learning tasks. When you feel tired, you can take a ten-minute break to stretch your body or look out of the window instead of letting your mind wander aimlessly. Review knowledge in time Senior high school knowledge is systematic, and new knowledge is always connected with old content. If you do not review in time, you will soon forget what you have learned. You can spend 15 to 20 minutes every night reviewing the key points of the day’s lessons. ___19___. Keep your study habit consistent(始终如一的) Forming a good habit is not easy, and it requires long-term insistence. ___20___. However, you should remind yourself of your learning goals. Day by day, these small good habits will bring you big progress and make your senior high study more enjoyable. A. Finish your homework first B. Make a clear daily study plan C. You may want to give up on lazy days D. It is very normal to be afraid of failure E. You have more knowledge to master every day F. This habit will help you remember knowledge firmly G. The divided attention will make you remember nothing 【答案】16. E 17. B 18. G 19. F 20. C 【导语】本篇为说明文。短文主要介绍了高中生培养良好学习习惯的几个建议，包括制定学习计划、专注学习、及时复习和保持习惯一致。 16. 上文“As a high school student, you may feel that senior high school study is more challenging than junior high school.(作为一名高中生，你可能会觉得高中学习比初中更具挑战性)”指出高中学习更具挑战性，E选项“You have more knowledge to master every day.(你每天需要掌握更多知识)”承接上文，进一步解释了为什么高中学习更具挑战性——因为每天需要掌握的知识量更大；下文“You may complain that you often feel tired and inefficient.(你可能会抱怨自己经常感到疲惫和效率低下)”描述了知识量增加带来的直接后果，与E选项中的“more knowledge”形成因果关系，上下文语意连贯，故选E。 17. 设空处为段落小标题，需概括本段内容。下文“You should list all your learning tasks every morning, including finishing homework, reviewing old knowledge and previewing new lessons.(你应该每天早上列出所有的学习任务，包括完成作业、复习旧知识和预习新课)”建议每天列出学习任务。B选项“Make a clear daily study plan.(制定清晰的每日学习计划)”准确概括了本段主旨，点明制定清晰每日计划的重要性，与下文的“list all your learning tasks”直接呼应，符合小标题格式，故选B。 18. 上文“You may tend to let your thoughts wander or focus on irrelevant tiny things while studying.(你在学习时可能倾向于走神或关注不相关的小事)”指出了学习时分心的问题，G选项“The divided attention will make you remember nothing.(分散的注意力会让你什么都记不住)”承接上文，指出了分心的严重后果——无法记住所学内容；下文“You’d better clear up all distracting items on your desk before you start your learning tasks.(你最好在学习任务开始前清理掉桌上所有分散注意力的物品)”给出了解决分心问题的具体方法，与G选项中的“divided attention”形成逻辑关联，上下文语意连贯，故选G。 19. 上文“You can spend 15 to 20 minutes every night reviewing the key points of the day’s lessons.(你可以每晚花15到20分钟复习当天课程的重点)”给出了每晚复习的时间建议，F选项“This habit will help you remember knowledge firmly.(这个习惯会帮助你牢固地记住知识)”承接上文，总结了定期复习这一习惯带来的好处；且本段主题是“Review knowledge in time”，F选项中的“help you remember knowledge firmly”直接呼应了复习的目的，上下文逻辑连贯，故选F。 20. 上文“Forming a good habit is not easy, and it requires long-term insistence.(养成一个好习惯并不容易，它需要长期的坚持)”指出坚持习惯的困难，下文“However, you should remind yourself of your learning goals.(然而，你应该提醒自己学习目标)”中的“However”提示设空处应描述坚持过程中遇到的困难。C选项“You may want to give up on lazy days.(在懒散的日子里你可能会想放弃)”承接上文，具体指出了坚持习惯过程中的挑战——在懒散时容易想放弃；下文中的“However”与C选项构成转折，给出了克服这一困难的方法——提醒自己学习目标，上下文逻辑连贯，故选C。 第16小题易误选A。A “先完成作业” 属于后文计划里的一项任务，不能用来解释 “高中学习更有挑战性”；正确答案E是解释高中学习难度大的原因，承上启下。 话题2亲子关系(共5篇) Passage 1 (25-26高一上·江苏南通·阶段检测)Recently, I said something like this to my 13-year-old son: “I've told you a thousand times, just do your work and we can stop fighting. Why don't you just listen to me? I hate having to shout to get you to pay attention.” Creating a peaceful relationship with our children is a huge test of emotional intelligence-and particularly empathy. In the above example, there are a number of emotional intelligence failures. I was angry, so I was reacting unconsciously instead of responding intentionally. Under my anger was a feeling of powerlessness and fear. I was scared that he is not self-motivated and won't do well. I reacted to the fear by attacking. I was trying to use my force of will to make him obey. The first rule of emotional intelligence: When people feel pushed, they resist. I was blaming him, interpreting his lack of interest in homework as a kind of personal attack on me and implying that he was making me behave the way that I behaved. I was focused on what I wanted and my perspective. I'd like to focus on this last point, because it turns out that this lack of perspective-taking—this lack of empathy—is the key to easing parent-child tension. When I increase empathy and relook at the situation with compassion, I see a different story. Perhaps he was afraid, too. Perhaps he felt powerless, too. Perhaps he's learned the exact same pattern I've modeled: When you're afraid, attack. That moment of curiosity is the doorway to empathy, and it's a game changer. Empathy is not actually a complex skill. It's a basic part of the social brain. That little pause of curiosity is a way to step out of the stress reaction, and step into being the person we choose to be. Hopefully, I’ll remember to take that all-important pause and ask myself :I wonder what's really going on for him right now. 1. What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1? A. The parent-child tension. B. The poor emotional intelligence of parents. C. The peaceful communication. D. The silent resistance from children. 2. What emotional intelligence failures did the writer make in the relationship with his/her son? A. Lacking a sense of fear. B. Forcing his/her son to give in. C. Making personal attacks. D. Making intentional responses quickly. 3. What’s the best title for the text? A. Parent-Child Conflicts B. The Test of Emotional Intelligence C. The Doorway to Empathy D. The Key to Easing Parent-Child Tension 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和儿子亲子关系紧张，作者分析是因为自己试图用意志力让儿子服从，缺乏同理心。同理心是缓解父母与孩子紧张关系的关键。于是作者带着同理心重新审视和儿子的关系，意识到同理心实际上并不是一项复杂的技能。它是社会大脑的一个基本部分。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段Recently, I said something like this to my 13-year-old son: “I've told you a thousand times, just do your work and we can stop fighting. Why don't you just listen to me? I hate having to shout to get you to pay attention.”可知最近，我对13岁的儿子说了这样一句话：“我已经跟你说过一千遍了，只要做好你的工作，我们就可以停止争斗了。你为什么不听我说？我讨厌通过大喊来引起你的注意”由此可推知，第一段描述了作者和儿子亲子关系紧张的现象，故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中I was trying to use my force of will to make him obey.可知我试图用我的意志力让他服从。以及第三段The first rule of emotional intelligence: When people feel pushed, they resist. I was blaming him, interpreting his lack of interest in homework as a kind of personal attack on me and implying that he was making me behave the way that I behaved. I was focused on what I wanted and my perspective.可知情商的第一条规则：当人们感到被逼迫时，他们就会反抗。我在指责他，把他对作业的不感兴趣理解为对我的一种人身攻击，暗示他让我有这样的行为。我专注于我想要的东西和我的观点。由此可知，作者在与他/她儿子的关系中情商上的失败体现在作者强迫他/她的儿子让步，故选B。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第四段I'd like to focus on this last point, because it turns out that this lack of perspective-taking—this lack of empathy—is the key to easing parent-child tension.可知我想把重点放在最后一点上，因为事实证明这种换位思考的缺乏——这种同理心的缺乏——是缓解父母与孩子紧张关系的关键。结合文章说明了作者和儿子亲子关系紧张，作者分析是因为自己试图用意志力让儿子服从，缺乏同理心。同理心是缓解父母与孩子紧张关系的关键。于是作者带着同理心重新审视和儿子的关系，意识到同理心实际上并不是一项复杂的技能。它是社会大脑的一个基本部分。由此可知，D选项“缓解亲子紧张关系的关键”符合文章标题，故选D。 第3小题易误选C。C “The Doorway to Empathy”仅对应第六段细节，只是引出同理心的切入点，不能概括全文；文章核心不是单纯介绍同理心的入口，而是阐述同理心是缓解亲子紧张关系的关键。 Passage 2 (26-27高一上·全国·期中)When Clara took her five-year-old daughter Lila to a school interview this September, she hoped to see her laugh and play with other kids. Instead, Lila just sat alone in a corner, picking at her clothes and never looking up when a teacher talked to her. The teacher suggested that Lila might struggle with socializing. Clara felt worried — she’d never noticed this before — and left the school with a heavy heart. As a nurse, Clara made a hard decision: she quit her job to fully focus on her daughter. She read many books and watched online videos to learn about kids who have trouble fitting in. “People like my daughter love repeating their behavior to calm themselves. Lila likes arranging her toys in a straight line over and over again. If she’s not troubling anyone, I let her be,” Clara says. Despite her efforts, some neighbors often judged her parenting(育儿). Clara faced unkind words, but she stayed patient. She kept a small notebook to record what upset or pleased Lila — loud noises scared her, but soft music made her smile. She also encouraged Lila to join activities like painting and planting flowers. Clara gave up the idea of “fixing” Lila. “I didn’t push her to talk more or play with others. I just wanted her to feel comfortable and grow in her own way,” she says. Today, Lila is more confident — she can say simple greetings, help water the flowers at home, and even share her paintings with the teacher. Clara and her friend started a small group called “Little Stars Shine Too”. They shared Lila’s stories online to help other parents. Clara also wrote a guidebook to support parents of children with special needs. For her, the key is acceptance. “When you stop trying to fit your child into a box, you open the door to a new world,” she says. 4. What caused Clara to leave the school with a heavy heart? A. Her regret at Lila’s performance. B. Her knowing about Lila’s condition. C. Her poor preparations for the interview. D. Her failure to meet Lila’s headteacher. 5. What’s a feature of people like Lila according to Clara? A. They are skilled at playing with toys. B. They are interested in specific activities. C. They keep calm by repeating the same action. D. They need special attention from their families. 6. How does Clara help her daughter Lila? A. By taking part in different activities. B. By creating a supportive environment. C. By working together with her neighbors. D. By reflecting on daily mistakes regularly. 7. Who is the text probably written for? A. Parents. B. Teachers. C. Nurses. D. Students. 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 【导语】本篇为记叙文。短文讲述了母亲Clara发现女儿Lila存在社交困难后，通过观察、接纳和创造包容环境帮助她成长，并呼吁其他家长理解特殊需求儿童的故事。 4. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The teacher suggested that Lila might struggle with socializing. Clara felt worried — she’d never noticed this before — and left the school with a heavy heart.(老师认为Lila可能在社交方面存在困难。Clara感到担忧——她以前从未注意到这一点——于是带着沉重的心情离开了学校)”可知，Clara的沉重心情源于首次意识到女儿的情况，故选B。 5. 细节理解题。根据第二段“People like my daughter love repeating their behavior to calm themselves.(像我女儿这样的人喜欢重复自己的行为来让自己平静下来)”可知，根据Clara的说法，像Lila这样的人会通过重复行为来保持平静，故选C。 6. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Clara faced unkind words, but she stayed patient. She kept a small notebook to record what upset or pleased Lila — loud noises scared her, but soft music made her smile. She also encouraged Lila to join activities like painting and planting flowers.(Clara面对不友善的言论依然保持耐心。她备有一个小笔记本，记录让Lila不安或开心的事情——响亮的声音让她害怕，而轻柔的音乐却让她微笑。她还鼓励Lila参加绘画和种花等活动)”和第四段“I didn’t push her to talk more or play with others. I just wanted her to feel comfortable and grow in her own way(我没有强迫她多说话或和别人玩。我只是想让她感觉舒服，以她自己的方式成长)”可知，Clara通过观察需求、提供包容性活动和不强求改变，让Lila按自己的方式成长，这些表明Clara的核心方法是创造支持性的环境，故选B。 7. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“They shared Lila’s stories online to help other parents. Clara also wrote a guidebook to support parents of children with special needs. For her, the key is acceptance.(他们在线分享了Lila的故事，以帮助其他家长。Clara还编写了一本指南，为有特殊需求孩子的父母提供支持。对她而言，关键在于接纳)”可知，文章讲述母亲Clara发现女儿Lila存在社交困难后，通过观察、接纳和创造包容环境帮助她成长，并呼吁其他家长理解特殊需求儿童。由此可知，文章的目标读者可能是父母，故选A。 第6小题易误选A。A“By taking part in different activities”只是Clara帮助女儿的其中一项具体做法，并非核心方式；Clara最核心的方式是创造支持、包容的成长环境。 Passage 3 (25-26高一上·江西南昌·期末)A child’s healthy growth depends on warmth, acceptance, physical touch, love with boundaries, understanding, play, and comfort in difficulty. So why can it be difficult to do this? We promise our unborn child that this is how we will behave towards them but then, just a couple of years later, we’re feeling particularly annoyed and we hear our own parents’ words coming out of our mouths. “Because I say so!” or whatever they said, Beyond repeating their words, we tend to repeat behaviours shown to us by our parents, and then repeat them with our own child. Of course, if these actions made us feel wanted, loved and safe as a child, that is fine. But so often they did the opposite. The gap between ideal parenting and real-life practice comes from hidden cycles and a lack of empathy(共情能力). Parenting is tough; a child becomes your 24/7 focus overnight. This may make you appreciate your own parents more, but it’s important to understand your child too. To develop this empathy, thinking back to how you felt at their age builds the connection needed to respond with patience when they push your buttons. Take my neighbor: he adopted an 18-month-old boy and got really mad when the child dropped food — until he remembered his grandfather shouting at him with a knife handle for the same mistake. Reconnecting with his own childhood pain let him replace anger with empathy, teaching table manners through fun instead of fear. This story proves that understanding your own past is key to breaking harmful cycles. Moreover, guidance given in anger is useless for children — they only take in your negative emotion, not the lesson you want to teach. Anger clouds their ability to learn, turning a teaching moment into a moment of fear. To help your child grow, you must first calm yourself; only then can your words and actions truly guide them. 8. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. Listing healthy growth factors. B. Stressing empathy in parenting. C. Comparing ideal-real parenting. D. Introducing parenting challenges. 9. What causes the difference between ideal and real parenting? A. Society’s parental pressure. B. Little parent-child interaction. C. Kids’ misunderstanding parents. D. Unseen intergenerational patterns. 10. Why does the author mention his neighbor’s story? A. To value empathy in teaching. B. To promote fun manners teaching. C. To stress breaking bad parenting cycles. D. To fight against strict parenting patterns. 11. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Calm words get across children. B. Fear is beneficial to mental growth. C. Anger helps children remember well. D. Both the lesson and negativity are helpful. 【答案】8. D 9. D 10. C 11. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了理想育儿与现实育儿之间的差距，指出其原因在于隐藏的代际循环和共情能力的缺乏，并强调通过理解自身童年经历来打破不良循环、用冷静的态度引导孩子的重要性。 8. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“A child’s healthy growth depends on warmth, acceptance, physical touch, love with boundaries, understanding, play, and comfort in difficulty. So why can it be difficult to do this?(孩子的健康成长依赖于温暖、接纳、身体接触、有边界的爱、理解、玩耍和困难时的安慰。那么，为什么做到这些会很难呢？)”可知，第一段先列举了健康成长的要素，然后用一个问句引出育儿中面临的挑战，故选D。 9. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Beyond repeating their words, we tend to repeat behaviours shown to us by our parents, and then repeat them with our own child.(除了重复他们的话语，我们往往会重复父母向我们展示的行为，然后再用这些行为对待自己的孩子)”以及第三段中“The gap between ideal parenting and real-life practice comes from hidden cycles and a lack of empathy.(理想育儿与现实育儿之间的差距源于隐藏的循环和共情能力的缺乏)”可知，造成这种差距的原因是隐藏的循环和共情能力的缺乏，D选项“Unseen intergenerational patterns(未被察觉的代际模式)”与“hidden cycles”对应，其中unseen是对hidden的同义替换，故选D。 10. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“This story proves that understanding your own past is key to breaking harmful cycles.(这个故事证明，理解自己的过去是打破有害循环的关键)”可知，作者提到邻居的故事是为了强调打破不良育儿循环，故选C。 11. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“To help your child grow, you must first calm yourself; only then can your words and actions truly guide them.(为了帮助孩子成长，你必须先让自己平静下来；只有这样，你的言行才能真正引导他们)”可知，作者暗示只有冷静下来的话语才能被孩子接受，故选A。 第8小题易误选A。A选项只是首段前半句的内容，属于铺垫信息；本段核心目的是以设问引出育儿这件事存在挑战，介绍育儿难题才是首段的整体功能。 Passage 4 (25-26高一上·江苏南通·期末)A new survey conducted by the national Center for Health Statistics has discovered a significant gap between American teens’ perceptions(感知)of the support they receive and what their parents believe they provide. The study showed that only 26% of teens feel they get the social and emotional support they need all the time, while parents are almost three times as likely to think they do. A concerning 20% of teens said they rarely or never received the support they needed, and 3% of parents perceived the same issue. This difference tells that parents may be underestimating their children’s need for support. Dr. Jeffrey Arnett, a developmental psychologist, stressed the importance of the parent-adolescent relationship, stating that parents play a central role in their children’s lives. Lisa Damour, a psychologist, pointed out a possible disconnect between the type of support parents think they offer and what teens actually need. She noted that while parents often provide advice or guidance, teens are more likely to seek empathy(共情)and reassurance. The lack of perceived support was linked to poorer health outcomes. Teens who felt supported reported higher rates of depression and anxiety. They also struggled with poor sleep and expressed lower satisfaction with life. The study further revealed that this issue affected specific groups more seriously: Black teens reported feeling less supported than their parents believed, and girls generally felt less supported than boys did. The US surgeon general has called attention to the importance of youth mental health. Help them feel connected and step out of their comfort zones—through sports, education, arts, civic engagement, interactive dialogue and more to build broader social connections. Create a safe space at home where teens feel “seen, heard and valued”. Supporting teenagers also involves simply being curious about their experiences and offering empathy, which can be therapeutic(有疗效的)and beneficial for their mental health. 12. What is the main finding of the survey? A. Parents and teens share similar views on family support. B. Most teenagers refuse to discuss their feelings with adults. C. Parental problems are the main cause of family arguments. D. Parents believe they offer more support than teens actually feel. 13. What does Lisa Damour advise parents to do? A. Turn to professional therapists. B. Stop making choices for their kids. C. Put themselves in their kids’ shoes. D. Give more practical tips and guidance. 14. What can we infer from paragraph 3? A. Boys are unlikely to suffer from low spirits. B. Perceived support must result in life satisfaction. C. Children from wealthy families feel more supported. D. Black teenage girls need their parents’ support the most. 15. What does paragraph 4 mainly focus on? A. The obvious importance of enough support. B. The specific measures to give teens support. C. The hidden reasons for parents’ low support. D. The urgent need for caring about mental health. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了一项关于美国青少年与父母在情感支持认知上存在巨大差异的调查，分析了原因、影响，并给出相关建议。 12. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A new survey conducted by the national Center for Health Statistics has discovered a significant gap between American teens’ perceptions(感知)of the support they receive and what their parents believe they provide. The study showed that only 26% of teens feel they get the social and emotional support they need all the time, while parents are almost three times as likely to think they do.(美国国家卫生统计中心开展的一项新调查发现，美国青少年对自身获得支持的感受，与父母认为自己所提供的支持之间存在显著差距。  研究显示，仅有26%的青少年觉得自己始终能得到所需的社交与情感支持，而认为如此的父母比例几乎是这一数字的三倍)”可推知,这项调查发现父母认为自己给予的支持比青少年实际感受到的要多，故选D。 13. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Lisa Damour, a psychologist, pointed out a possible disconnect between the type of support parents think they offer and what teens actually need. She noted that while parents often provide advice or guidance, teens are more likely to seek empathy(共情)and reassurance.(心理学家莉萨·达穆尔指出，父母认为自己提供的支持类型与青少年实际需要的支持之间可能存在脱节。她指出，父母通常提供建议或指导，而青少年更需要的是共情和安慰)”可知，Lisa Damour认为父母提供的支持不是青少年需要的，青少年更需要的是共情和安慰，因此推断她建议父母换位思考，理解孩子，故选C。 14. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The study further revealed that this issue affected specific groups more seriously: Black teens reported feeling less supported than their parents believed, and girls generally felt less supported than boys did.(该研究进一步表明，这一问题对某些群体的影响更为严重：黑人青少年表示他们所感受到的支持程度低于其父母的预期，而女孩普遍比男孩感受到的不被支持的程度更严重)”可推知,黑人少女最需要父母的支持，故选D。 15. 主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Help them feel connected and step out of their comfort zones— through sports, education, arts, civic engagement, interactive dialogue and more to build broader social connections. Create a safe space at home where teens feel"seen, heard and valued". Supporting teenagers also involves simply being curious about their experiences and offering empathy, which can be therapeutic(有疗效的)and beneficial for their mental health.(帮助他们建立联系，并让他们走出舒适区——通过体育、教育、艺术、公民参与、互动对话等方式，以建立更广泛的社交联系。在家中营造一个安全的空间，让青少年感到“被看见、被倾听、被重视”。支持青少年还包括单纯地对他们所经历的事情表现出好奇，并给予同情，这具有治疗效果且对他们的心理健康有益)”可推知,本段主要介绍给青少年提供支持的具体措施，故选B。 第15小题易误选D。D选项只提到关注心理健康的紧迫性，是本段的大背景；本段重点不是强调心理健康的重要性，而是介绍给予青少年支持的具体做法。 Passage 5 (25-26高一下·浙江金华·期末)Since you can’t choose your family members, there are sure to be a couple of them who know how to push your buttons and make you mad. ___16___ Stay calm if you get annoyed. Try not to let your emotions take over, even though it might be tough. ___17___ If this doesn’t work, it might be time to step outside or into the other room to gather your thoughts and collect yourself. Stand firm for your wants and needs. You don’t have to be mean or raise your voice, but don’t let anyone talk over you or look down on you. ___18___ So it is important to hold your ground with family. Try saying something like, “I’m only here to talk about Grandpa’s will. Please hold your questions until I finish.” Let the other person be right. Even if you don’t agree, there are some things you can let go. ___19___ Sometimes you can let them feel like they’ve “won”. You don’t have to do this all the time(and don’t do it for important stuff), but if it doesn’t really matter, just let it go. ___20___ Family issues can really wear you out. Make sure you’re eating, drinking, and sleeping enough so you feel well-rested and healthy. Take some time to do something relaxing like soaking in the bath or reading a good book to lower your overall stress levels. A. Practice self-care. B. Focus on the things you can control. C. Here’s how you can stay cool during tough chats. D. Make it clear that you’re here to be heard, not walked all over. E. If you want to get things under control, you have to take action. F. Don’t argue over everything your family says and pick your battles. G. Take some deep breaths in through your nose and out through your mouth. 【答案】16. C 17. G 18. D 19. F 20. A 【导语】本篇为说明文。文章介绍了当家庭成员让你生气时，如何保持冷静、坚守自我、学会让步以及做好自我照顾的实用建议。 16. 上文“Since you can't choose your family members, there are sure to be a couple of them who know how to push your buttons and make you mad.(既然你无法选择家人，肯定有几个知道怎么惹你生气的人)”说明家人总会让你生气，空格处承上启下，下文以小标题形式给出了四条具体建议，C项“Here's how you can stay cool during tough chats.(以下是你在艰难对话中保持冷静的方法)”引出下文四条建议，起到总起作用，故选C。 17. 上文“Try not to let your emotions take over, even though it might be tough.(尽量不要让情绪控制你，尽管这可能很难)”说明要控制情绪，空格处应给出具体的控制情绪的方法，G项“Take some deep breaths in through your nose and out through your mouth.(用鼻子深吸气，用嘴巴呼出气)”是具体的冷静方法，与上文衔接紧密，且下文“If this doesn't work(如果这不起作用)”中的this指代G项的深呼吸方法，故选G。 18. 上文“You don't have to be mean or raise your voice, but don't let anyone talk over you or look down on you.(你不必刻薄或提高嗓门，但不要让任何人打断你或看不起你)”说明要坚守自己，空格处应进一步表明态度，D项“Make it clear that you're here to be heard, not walked all over.(明确表明你是来被倾听的，不是来被欺负的)”与上文“don't let anyone talk over you or look down on you”意思一致，且下文“So it is important to hold your ground with family(所以在家人面前坚守立场很重要)”中的hold your ground与D项中的not walked all over相呼应，故选D。 19. 上文“Even if you don't agree, there are some things you can let go.(即使你不同意，有些事你可以放手)”说明要学会放手，空格处应具体说明什么可以放手，F项“Don't argue over everything your family says and pick your battles.(不要对家人说的每件事都争论，要选择你的战场)”与上文let go一致，且下文“You don't have to do this all the time(你不必总是这样做)”中的this指代F项的做法，故选F。 20. 空格处是小标题，需概括本段内容。下文“Make sure you're eating, drinking, and sleeping enough(确保你吃够、喝够、睡够)”及“Take some time to do something relaxing like soaking in the bath or reading a good book(花点时间做些放松的事，比如泡澡或读一本好书)”说明要照顾好自己，A项“Practice self-care.(练习自我照顾)”概括了本段主旨，适合作为小标题，故选A。 第16小题易误选B。B“Focus on the things you can control专注你能掌控的事情”属于后文的一条细节观点，无法总领全文四条建议；C起到承上启下，引出下文整套建议的作用。 话题3友谊(共5篇) Passage 1 (25-26高一上·全国·课后作业)Misunderstandings are almost unavoidable among close friends. Many small conflicts do not come from bad intentions, but from mixed signals. Messages get changed in delivery; body language gets misread; one’s jokes may land in totally unexpected ways. Without proper clarification, tiny misreading may slowly erode a precious friendship. When a misunderstanding appears, plenty of people choose to wait passively. They hold the belief that real friends ought to figure everything out automatically. They stay silent, expecting the other side to notice their inner upset and make the first move. Yet waiting for self‑recovery often makes negative feelings pile up. The longer silence lasts, the harder it becomes to fix the broken atmosphere. Taking active steps does not mean rushing into heated arguments immediately. A wise start is to describe your own feelings calmly rather than blaming the other person. Using “I‑statements” helps you state your inner feelings without pointing fingers. For example, “I felt confused by your words” works far better than “You meant to hurt me”. Such expressions lower defensive feelings from your friend and create space for honest exchange. It is also important to accept that misjudgements will happen now and then. No friend can interpret every single word perfectly. Apologizing for your own part of the confusion, even if you are not fully responsible, can smooth the repair process. True friendship does not stay free of conflicts. Its strength lies in how two people work together to clear up confusion. 1. What causes most small misunderstandings between friends? A. Frequent serious quarrels in public. B. Completely different life goals. C. Mixed and misread messages. D. Deliberate bad intentions. 2. What is the risk of keeping silent after misunderstanding? A. It will make bad feelings accumulate. B. It can solve all conflicts automatically. C. It helps friends realize mistakes quickly. D. It strengthens the friendship greatly. 3. What does the author suggest people do to fix misunderstandings? A. Blame friends directly for their wrong behaviour. B. Wait patiently until friends realize everything. C. Avoid any talk and cut off the connection totally. D. Calmly describe personal feelings with “I‑statements”. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 【导语】本篇为说明文。文章主要讲述朋友间误会难以避免，介绍其成因以及化解误会的正确做法。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Misunderstandings are almost unavoidable among close friends. Many small conflicts do not come from bad intentions, but from mixed signals. Messages get changed in delivery; body language gets misread; one’s jokes may land in totally unexpected ways. Without proper clarification, tiny misreading may slowly erode a precious friendship.(亲密朋友之间产生误会几乎在所难免。许多小冲突并非出于恶意，而是源于混杂不清的信息。信息在传递过程中失真；肢体语言被误读；一个人的玩笑可能产生完全意料之外的效果。如果没有恰当的澄清，小小的误解会慢慢侵蚀珍贵的友谊)”可知，朋友之间大部分小误会是由混杂和被误读的信息造成的，故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet waiting for self‑recovery often makes negative feelings pile up.(然而等待自行化解常常会让负面情绪不断堆积)”可知，发生误会后保持沉默会让不好的情绪不断累积，故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“A wise start is to describe your own feelings calmly rather than blaming the other person. Using “I‑statements” helps you state your inner feelings without pointing fingers.(明智的开端是冷静描述自己的感受，而不是指责对方。使用“我”句式有助于你陈述内心感受而不指责他人)”可知，作者建议使用“我”句式冷静描述个人感受来化解误会，故选D。 第1小题易误选D。原文明确说明多数小冲突并非恶意(bad intentions)，D选项“蓄意的恶意”和原文表述相反；朋友间误会根源是信息混杂、被误读。 Passage 2 (25-26高一上·江西抚州·期中)In the early days of motherhood, I felt lonely. I had left a good job to take care of my six-month-old son. Although I loved being with him, I missed talking to other adults and wanted to hear news from outside. I knew I needed to make friends with other mothers — but I didn’t know how. I often took my son, Ethan, to the grocery store, which wasn’t a good place to make friends. He enjoyed smiling at people and looking at colorful displays, but I needed more. “We have to find something better to do,” I thought. Then one day, my husband suggested going to the library. I loved reading but hadn’t had much time since Ethan was born. Maybe a good book could cheer me up. While at the library, I discovered the children’s area. There was a schedule of activities for children, including a playgroup for babies and toddlers(学步的儿童). I wasn’t sure if I would know anyone, but I decided to give it a try. The next week, Ethan and I went to the playgroup. I was nervous at first. Luckily, a friendly woman named Misty welcomed us. She introduced me to other moms, and we started talking about our children — their development, favorite foods, and sleep habits. I left feeling happy and hopeful about making new friends. After that, Ethan and I seldom missed a playgroup. As he grew older, we joined more activities like “Tot Time” and “Story Time.” Later, when his younger sister and brother were born, our schedule became even busier. Together, we learned about gardening, met animals from the local zoo, and played educational games. Most importantly, we all made new friends. I’m thankful for the moms I met at the library. We have similar backgrounds and children around the same age, so we can support and advise each other. When the children were younger, we met at different parks during summer. Now, we sometimes go out without the kids for dinner or shopping. We still join library activities together. I’m still amazed how one small brave step changed my life so much. My advice is: don’t be afraid to talk to other moms. You can meet them at the park, church, school, or the library. You might just make lifelong friends. 4. Why did the author feel lonely at the beginning of the story? A. She didn’t love her son. B. She missed her good job. C. She missed talking to other adults. D. She didn’t like staying at home at all. 5. What did the author discover in the children’s area of the library? A. A free toy shop. B. A playgroup for mothers. C. A new book for herself. D. A schedule of activities for children. 6. How did the author feel after the first playgroup? A. Happy and hopeful. B. Tired and bored. C. Nervous and annoyed. D. Determined but sad. 7. What is the main message of the story? A. Libraries are only for reading books. B. Mothers should always stay at home. C. Children don’t need friends when they are young. D. It’s important to be brave and try new things to make friends. 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在初为人母时感到孤独，后通过图书馆的亲子活动结识了其他母亲，收获了友谊并改变了生活的故事。 4. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Although I loved being with him, I missed talking to other adults and wanted to hear news from outside.(虽然我喜欢和他在一起，但我很怀念和其他成年人交谈，也想听听外面的消息)”可知，作者一开始感到孤独是因为她想念和其他成年人交谈，故选C。 5. 细节理解题。根据第四段“While at the library, I discovered the children’s area. There was a schedule of activities for children, including a playgroup for babies and toddlers(学步的儿童).(在图书馆时，我发现了儿童区。那里有儿童活动安排表，包括婴儿和学步儿童的游戏小组)”可知，作者在图书馆的儿童区发现了儿童活动安排表，故选D。 6. 细节理解题。根据第五段“The next week, Ethan and I went to the playgroup.(第二周，伊森和我去了幼儿游戏班)”以及“I left feeling happy and hopeful about making new friends.(离开时，我对结交新朋友感到高兴和充满希望)”可知，作者在第一次参加幼儿游戏班后感到高兴且充满希望，故选A。 7. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“I’m still amazed how one small brave step changed my life so much. My advice is: don’t be afraid to talk to other moms. You can meet them at the park, church, school, or the library. You might just make lifelong friends.(我仍然很惊讶，勇敢的一小步竟可以让我的生活变化如此之大。我的建议是：不要害怕和其他妈妈交谈。你可以在公园、教堂、学校或图书馆跟他们会面。你可能会交到一辈子的朋友)”可知，这个故事的主要信息是勇敢尝试新事物及去结交朋友很重要，故选D。 第7小题，易错选B。B选项所表述的内容与原文内容相反；文章旨在说明勇敢尝试新事物来结交朋友十分重要。 Passage 3 (25-26高一上·广西·期中)David Thomas and I have been friends since we were about 5 years old. We celebrated his 26th birthday last weekend, marking about twenty years of friendship. Now David has got a PhD in English literature, and I’m a science reporter. We found we were both attracted to a study published in Child Development. In the study, the researchers observed 169 people for 10 years, starting when they were 15 years old. At the age of 15 and again at 16, the participants(参与者)were asked to bring in their closest friends for one-on-one interviews with the researchers. “They were asked how much trust there was, how good communication was and how disconnected they felt in the friendship,” says Rachel Narr, the lead author of the study. Each year, the participants were surveyed about their feelings of anxiety, depression(忧郁)and self-worth. Narr says when she watched videos made in the early years of the study, she could easily tell which relationships were strong based on the teens’ behavior. “These teens are likely to be open with one another about difficult topics, and they’re more connected with one another and helping the other person,” she says. When the researchers examined the participants at the end of the study, they found the ones who had close and meaningful connections reported less depression and anxiety and more self-worth at 25 than they had at 15 and 16. “The finding is valuable, which shows us the importance of teenage friendships, not just in the short term but throughout adulthood,” says Catherine Bagwell, an expert in psychology at Oxford College of Emory University, who was not part of the study. Obviously, I wouldn’t be the same person without David. During our senior year of high school, my parents were busy with their work. I usually stayed at home alone on weekends, but sometimes David was there with me. He helped me study, clean up the house and do other things. Over the years, we’ve helped each other get through some bigger difficulties, like our addiction to phones. Last weekend, we talked about Narr’s study, and we saw ourselves. The study found a best friend is important, and that makes sense to us. 8. What did the researchers study about the participants at first? A. Where their stress came from. B. How close their friendships were. C. What ways they liked to make friends. D. How their friendships affected their physical health. 9. What can be implied from the finding of the study? A. Teenage friendships can influence job choices. B. Good teenage friendships bring benefits in adulthood. C. Youth is a perfect period to form lifelong relationships. D. Long-term relationships develop a sense of responsibility. 10. What is Catherine Bagwell’s attitude towards the study? A. Confused. B. Uninterested. C. Disappointed. D. Praising. 11. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Researchers measure teenage friendship closeness. B. A study shows teenage friendships matter into adulthood. C. Teenage friendships only affect short-term mental health. D. The author’s friendship with David teaches him the value of competition. 【答案】8. B 9. B 10. D 11. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要结合一项研究说明青少年时期的亲密友谊不仅在短期内有意义，还会对成年后的心理健康和自我价值感产生积极影响，并以作者自身友谊为例佐证。 8. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the age of 15 and again at 16, the participants(参与者)were asked to bring in their closest friends for one-on-one interviews with the researchers. “They were asked how much trust there was, how good communication was and how disconnected they felt in the friendship,” says Rachel Narr, the lead author of the study.(在15岁和16岁时，参与者被要求带他们最亲密的朋友接受研究人员的一对一采访。该研究的主要作者雷切尔·纳尔说：“他们被问及友谊中的信任度、沟通情况以及彼此之间的疏离感。”)”可知，研究人员最初调查的是参与者的友谊亲密程度，包括信任、沟通和疏离感等方面，故选B。 9. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When the researchers examined the participants at the end of the study, they found the ones who had close and meaningful connections reported less depression and anxiety and more self-worth at 25 than they had at 15 and 16.(当研究人员在研究结束时对参与者进行调查时，他们发现那些拥有亲密且有意义友谊的人在25岁时比15岁和16岁时表现出更少的抑郁和焦虑，以及更高的自我价值感)”可知，这项研究的结果表明，青少年时期的良好友谊会给成年后的心理健康和自我价值感带来积极影响，即对成年期有益，故选B。 10. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的““The finding is valuable, which shows us the importance of teenage friendships, not just in the short term but throughout adulthood,” says Catherine Bagwell, an expert in psychology at Oxford College of Emory University, who was not part of the study.(“这项研究发现极具价值，它向我们揭示了青少年时期友谊的重要性 —— 不仅体现在短期内，更会贯穿整个成年阶段。”埃默里大学牛津学院心理学专家凯瑟琳・巴格韦尔(Catherine Bagwell)表示。她并未参与这项研究)”可知，凯瑟琳·巴格韦尔认为这项研究的发现很有价值，体现了她对该研究的赞赏态度，故选D。 11. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中的““The finding is valuable, which shows us the importance of teenage friendships, not just in the short term but throughout adulthood,” says Catherine Bagwell, an expert in psychology at Oxford College of Emory University, who was not part of the study.(“这项研究发现极具价值，它向我们揭示了青少年时期友谊的重要性——不仅体现在短期内，更会贯穿整个成年阶段。”埃默里大学牛津学院心理学专家凯瑟琳・巴格韦尔(Catherine Bagwell)表示。她并未参与这项研究)”以及最后一段中的“The study found a best friend is important, and that makes sense to us.(研究发现最好的朋友很重要，这对我们来说是有道理的)”可知，文章围绕一项研究展开，核心是说明青少年时期的友谊不仅在短期内有意义，还会对成年期产生积极影响，即青少年友谊在成年后依然重要，故选B。 第11小题易误选A。A选项仅描述研究的操作方式，属于文章局部细节；文章重点不是介绍如何测量友谊亲密度，而是介绍研究结论——青少年友谊对成年依然重要。 Passage 4 (25-26高一上·辽宁·期末)If you and your best friends love laughing at the same comedies or tearing up during the same movies, that is not accidental. A new study has found that people whose brains react in similar ways to the same video are more likely to form lasting friendships. Researchers followed a group of MBA students from their arrival on campus. Before the students had a chance to get to know each other, 41 of them watched a series of movie clips. The scientists then tracked the students’ social networks for the next 8 months. Noticeably, those who processed the videos in similar ways were more likely to become friends later, compared with peers whose brains reacted differently. Rather than being just about shared taste in shows or sports, the finding suggests that deeper similarities in how our brains interpret the world may help explain why some friendships last while others fade. Friendship has long been explained by homophily — the idea that “birds of a feather flock together.” People often bond through shared backgrounds or hobbies. But the new findings suggest something deeper at play: friendships may be rooted in shared ways of perceiving and making sense of the world. Brain regions linked to emotion, attention, and meaning-making — including the orbitofrontal cortex, which processes subjective value, and the medial prefrontal cortex, which showed the strongest similarities among people who later become close. The researchers argued that while some friendships form from convenience — like sitting next to someone in class — deeper, longer-lasting bonds may come from similar brain activities. Friendships born out of circumstance often faded, while those rooted in shared brain responses lasted. 12. How did the researchers conduct the study? A. By comparing students’ movie preferences. B. By analyzing students’ learning performance. C. By interviewing students about their hobbies. D. By tracking brain responses and social bonds. 13. What contributes to lasting friendships according to the study? A. Shared personal interests. B. Frequent contacts in daily life. C. Similar interpretation of the world. D. Common educational backgrounds. 14. What does the underlined word “homophily” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Similarity. B. Activity. C. Convenience. D. Emotion. 15. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To suggest methods in maintaining friendships. B. To discuss the role of convenience in friendships. C. To explain scientific reasons for lasting friendships. D. To describe the brain activities related to friendships. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项新研究：大脑对同一视频反应相似的人更易建立持久友谊，因为他们对世界的理解方式更接近，这种深层相似性比共同兴趣或环境更能决定友谊能否长久。 12. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Before the students had a chance to get to know each other, 41 of them watched a series of movie clips. The scientists then tracked the students’ social networks for the next 8 months. Noticeably, those who processed the videos in similar ways were more likely to become friends later, compared with peers whose brains reacted differently.( 在学生们有机会相互了解之前，其中41人观看了一系列电影片段。随后，科学家们对这些学生的社会关系网络进行了为期8个月的跟踪调查。值得注意的是，那些对视频的处理方式相似的人，日后更有可能成为朋友，相比之下，那些大脑反应方式不同的同学则不然)”可知，研究人员通过追踪大脑反应和社会关系进行这项研究的，故选D。 13. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Rather than being just about shared taste in shows or sports, the finding suggests that deeper similarities in how our brains interpret the world may help explain why some friendships last while others fade.( 这并非仅仅关乎对节目或体育项目的共同喜好，这一发现表明，我们大脑对世界的解读方式中存在更深层次的相似性，或许有助于解释为什么有些友谊能够长久维持，而有些则会逐渐消逝)”以及第五段中“But the new findings suggest something deeper at play: friendships may be rooted in shared ways of perceiving and making sense of the world.( 但新的研究结果表明，背后还有更深层次的因素在起作用：友谊可能源于感知和理解世界的共同方式)”可推知，对世界的相似解读有助于建立长久的友谊，故选C。 14. 词义猜测题。根据第四段“the idea that “birds of a feather flock together.”(“物以类聚，人以群分”的观点)”以及后文提到的“People often bond through shared backgrounds or hobbies.(人们往往通过共同的背景或爱好建立联系)”可知，这都指向了“相似性”。A 选项Similarity“相似性”符合语境，故选A。 15. 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“If you and your best friends love laughing at the same comedies or tearing up during the same movies, that is not accidental. A new study has found that people whose brains react in similar ways to the same video are more likely to form lasting friendships.(如果你和你最好的朋友喜欢观看相同的喜剧片，或者在观看相同的电影时都会感动落泪，那么这并非偶然现象。一项新的研究发现，那些大脑对同一段视频的反应方式相似的人，更有可能建立起长久的友谊)”可知，文章第一段提出研究发现(大脑反应相似的人更容易建立持久友谊)，中间解释研究过程和原理，最后总结。整篇文章旨在通过科学研究来解释为什么有些友谊能长久。由此可推知，C选项(To explain scientific reasons for lasting friendships. 解释持久友谊的科学原因)是文章的主要目的，故选C。 第15小题易误选D。D选项只描述和友谊相关的大脑活动，属于文中支撑论据；本文并非单纯介绍大脑活动，而是用大脑的相关发现来解释长久友谊的科学原因。 Passage 5 (24-25高一·湖南长沙·阶段检测)Although friends can positively affect your life, conflict(冲突)with friends is often a source of stress and disappointment. ___16___ Understanding conflict and developing skills in conflict resolution(解决)in a friendship can help you avoid frequent arguments and solve conflict when it happens.   ___17___ Common examples are jealousy, poor communication skills, lack of consideration or respect, different principles or outlooks on life and one friend contributing more to the relationship than the other. Arguments or conflict may result from experiencing a bad day or other issues that have nothing to do with the actual friendship. The stress that results from conflict with a friend can negatively affect you physically and emotionally. There is evidence that conflict among teenage friends can contribute to failure in school or criminal behaviour. ___18___ Communication and empathy(感同身受)are important in resolving conflict. Tips for resolving disagreements are listening to your friend’s opinions and concerns, showing respect for each other and avoiding emotional exchanges while attempting to communicate. ___19___ Resolving conflict can actually bring you and your friend closer together.   Conflict will arise from time to time in any friendship. ___20___ Tips for developing a healthy relationship such as avoiding competition, limiting complaints, respecting your friends’ privacy and stopping judging your friends have been presented by some experts. Although disagreements are bound to happen, try to avoid unnecessary conflict. A. The teenage years are often stressful. B. However, you can limit its frequency by following some suggestions. C. When conflict arises, think about whether you have done something wrong. D. There are various reasons why conflict may happen between you and your friend. E. How you resolve conflict with your friend influences the quality of the friendship. F. The above behaviour shows that you care about your friend and value the friendship. G. Other side effects of conflict are anxiety, depression and loss of the friendship. 【答案】16. E 17. D 18. G 19. F 20. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了处理朋友之间的冲突的方法。 16. 下文“Understanding conflict and developing skills in conflict resolution in a friendship can help you avoid frequent arguments and solve conflict when it happens.(在友谊中理解冲突并培养解决冲突的技巧，可以帮助你避免频繁的争吵，并在冲突发生时解决它)”说明理解并培养解决冲突的技巧会影响友谊，E项“你如何处理与朋友之间的冲突影响友谊的质量”引出下文，符合题意，故选E。 17. 下文“Common examples are jealousy, poor communication skills, lack of consideration or respect, different principles or outlooks on life and one friend contributing more to the relationship than the other.(常见的例子有嫉妒、沟通能力差、缺乏考虑或尊重、对生活的不同原则或看法以及一个朋友比另一个对关系的贡献更大)”举例说明与朋友之间产生冲突的原因，D项中的various reasons是关键词，D项“你和你的朋友之间可能发生冲突的原因有很多”引出下文，符合题意，故选D。 18. 上文“There is evidence that conflict among teenage friends can contribute to failure in school or criminal behaviour.(有证据表明，青少年朋友之间的冲突会导致学业失败或犯罪行为)”说明和朋友发生冲突会带来的不良影响，G项“冲突的其他副作用是焦虑、抑郁和失去友谊”进一步说明和朋友发生冲突的不良影响，承接上文，符合题意，故选G。 19. 上文“Tips for resolving disagreements are listening to your friend’s opinions and concerns, showing respect for each other and avoiding emotional exchanges while attempting to communicate.(解决分歧的技巧是倾听朋友的意见和担忧，相互尊重，在尝试沟通时避免情绪交流)”说明解决冲突时可以使用的方法，F项中The above behaviour指代上文提及的行为，F项“以上行为表明你关心你的朋友，重视友谊”承接上文，符合题意，故选F。 20. 上文“Conflict will arise from time to time in any friendship.(在任何友谊中，冲突都会不时地出现)”说明友谊中总会不时出现冲突，以及下文“Tips for developing a healthy relationship such as avoiding competition, limiting complaints, respecting your friends’ privacy and stopping judging your friends have been presented by some experts.(一些专家提出了发展健康关系的建议，如避免竞争、限制投诉、尊重朋友隐私和停止评判朋友)”说明专家给出了一些发展健康关系的建议，B项中some suggestions是关键词，B项“但是，您可以根据一些建议来限制其频率”承上启下，符合题意，故选B。 第16小题易错选C。C选项只是冲突发生后的单一想法；E选项起到总起作用，引出后文学习冲突处理技巧的内容。 话题4青少年身心健康(共5篇) Passage 1 (25-26高一下·湖南长沙·期末) Healthy Breakfast Options for a Great Start Having a nutritious breakfast is vital for starting your day well. Here are four easy breakfast recipes for you. Overnight Oats: Before going to bed, mix rolled oats, chia seeds(奇亚籽), almond milk(杏仁奶), honey and your favorite fruits in a jar. Next morning, it’s ready. Oats give fiber, and chia seeds with almond milk offer protein and healthy fats. Avocado and Egg Toast: Toast whole-grain bread. Put mashed avocado, a cooked egg, salt and pepper on it. Avocado has healthy monounsaturated fats(单不饱和脂肪), and eggs are rich in high-quality protein. Yogurt Parfait: Layer Greek yogurt, mixed berries and granola(格兰诺拉麦片)in a bowl. Greek yogurt has protein and calcium. Berries provide antioxidants. Granola adds crunch and fiber. Smoothie Bowl: Blend frozen fruits like bananas and berries with spinach and almond milk. Pour it into a bowl and top it with granola, chia seeds and fresh fruit. Recipe Details: Preparation Time: Overnight Oats takes 5 minutes at night. Avocado and Egg Toast needs 10 minutes in the morning. Yogurt Parfait needs 5 minutes in the morning while Smoothie Bowl takes 8 minutes. Expert Tips: For Overnight Oats, add nuts for more protein. Use ripe avocados for Avocado and Egg Toast. Choose plain Greek yogurt for Yogurt Parfait. These breakfasts are both delicious and nutritious to keep you energetic in the morning. 1. Which breakfast recipe needs the longest preparation time in the morning? A. Overnight Oats. B. Avocado and Egg Toast. C. Yogurt Parfait. D. Smoothie Bowl. 2. What can be inferred about the Yogurt Parfait? A. It takes a long time to prepare. B. It’s not suitable for people who dislike dairy. C. It’s the most expensive option. D. It’s a source of calcium and antioxidants. 3. What’s the author’s attitude towards these breakfast recipes? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Objective. D. Critical. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 【导语】本文为说明文。短文介绍四款简易健康早餐，标注了各自的制作时长与营养特点，并附上实用小贴士，这类早餐美味营养，能让人晨间精力充沛。 1. 细节理解题。根据 Recipe Details部分中的“Overnight Oats takes 5 minutes at night. Avocado and Egg Toast needs 10 minutes in the morning. Yogurt Parfait needs 5 minutes in the morning while Smoothie Bowl takes 8 minutes.(隔夜燕麦在晚上只需5分钟。牛油果鸡蛋吐司在早晨需要10分钟。酸奶冻糕在早晨仅需5分钟，而冰沙碗在早晨则需要8分钟)”可知，牛油果鸡蛋吐司在早晨需要最长时间的准备，故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据Yogurt Parfait部分中的“Greek yogurt has protein and calcium. Berries provide antioxidants.(希腊酸奶含有蛋白质和钙，浆果则提供抗氧化物质)”可知，酸奶冻糕是钙和抗氧化物质的一种来源，故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Having a nutritious breakfast is vital for starting your day well. Here are four easy breakfast recipes for you.(营养丰富的早餐对开启一天至关重要。以下是四种简单易做的早餐食谱供你参考)”以及最后一段“These breakfasts are both delicious and nutritious to keep you energetic in the morning.(这些早餐既美味又营养，能让你在早晨保持充沛的精力)”可知，作者对这些早餐食谱的态度是支持的，故选B。 第3小题易误选C。C. objective指不带个人褒贬，仅客观陈述事实；文中作者明确夸赞早餐美味营养，带有肯定、推荐的倾向，属于支持态度(B. Supportive)。 Passage 2 (25-26高一上·安徽·期中)I had been up since 4 a.m., running 27 miles in the dark for an upcoming marathon. After completing my run in just over four hours, I jumped into my car, heading to the health club for my regular workout. I made it almost through my kickboxing class before passing out. A friend carried me downstairs, and I lay down on the long sofa. I stayed like that until I could sit up without the room spinning(旋转). Even then, I tried to head to the weight room, but my friend insisted that I go home, packing me into my car with a serious look. Back home, I showered, changed into workout clothes, and headed back to the car — only to find my keys missing. My husband was holding them. “You have a problem,” he said. As he walked away, I cried. If I had the keys, I’d still have gone back to the health club. I was just 30 years old, yet I had the bone density(密度)of a 60-year-old. Due to over-exercising and under-eating, I had more stress fractures(骨折)in my legs and feet. My hair was falling out. I was underweight. I couldn’t sleep. I was feeling cold all the time. My blood pressure was very low. In short, my body was no longer able to properly keep the most basic functions. Then, I started treatment. The first rule of my treatment program was zero exercise. I wasn’t even allowed to walk around the block. I went from exercising for hours every day to nothing. It was the most difficult time I had ever experienced. Today I walk a fine line: I still exercise every day, but I limit it to no more than 2 hours. I have regular checkups at the doctor, and keep good physical and mental health. Now my goal is to educate others. 4. Why did the writer try to go back to the club from home? A. Because she had a passion for keeping fit. B. Because she had an exercise addiction. C. Because she had a fear of aging. D. Because she had a desire to lose weight. 5. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Ways to slow down aging. B. Common signs of aging. C. The importance of workout. D. Heavy price of over-exercising. 6. What was the writer’s treatment course like? A. Easy. B. Relaxed. C. Challenging. D. Encouraging. 7. What lesson can we learn from the text? A. Don’t overdo your workout. B. Daily exercise is important. C. Regular checkups are necessary. D. Zero exercise is the best health secret. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因过度锻炼和饮食不足导致健康受损，经过治疗后开始调整锻炼方式并教育他人注意健康的故事。 4. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Back home, I showered, changed into workout clothes, and headed back to the car —only to find my keys missing. My husband was holding them. “You have a problem,” he said. As he walked away, I cried. If I had the keys, I’d still have gone back to the health club.(回到家后，我冲了个澡，换上运动服，正要回到车里——却发现钥匙不见了。我丈夫拿着钥匙。“你有点不对劲，”他说道。说完他便走开了，我哭了起来。如果我有钥匙的话，我还是会回到健身俱乐部)”以及第四段的“Due to over-exercising and under-eating, I had more stress fractures(骨折)in my legs and feet. My hair was falling out. I was underweight.(由于过度锻炼和饮食摄入不足，我的腿和脚出现了更多应力性骨折。我开始脱发，体重也低于正常水平)”可推知，作者不顾身体不适仍执意返回健身俱乐部，是因为有锻炼成瘾的问题，故选B。 5. 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“I was just 30 years old, yet I had the bone density(密度)of a 60-year-old. Due to over-exercising and under-eating, I had more stress fractures(骨折)in my legs and feet. My hair was falling out. I was underweight. I couldn’t sleep. I was feeling cold all the time. My blood pressure was very low. In short, my body was no longer able to properly keep the most basic functions.(我当时只有30岁，但骨密度却如同60岁老人一般。由于过度锻炼和饮食摄入不足，我的腿和脚出现了更多应力性骨折。我开始脱发，体重也低于正常水平。我睡不着觉，一直感到寒冷，血压也非常低。简而言之，我的身体已无法正常维持最基本的生理功能)”可知，该段主要讲述了过度锻炼给作者身体带来的严重伤害，即过度锻炼的沉重代价，故选D。 6. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Then, I started treatment. The first rule of my treatment program was zero exercise. I wasn't even allowed to walk around the block. I went from exercising for hours every day to nothing. It was the most difficult time I had ever experienced.(随后，我开始了治疗。我的治疗方案的第一条就是完全禁止运动。我甚至不被允许绕着街区散步。我从每天锻炼数小时一下子变得完全不运动。这是我经历过最艰难的时期)”可知，作者从每天锻炼数小时突然变为完全不锻炼，这段治疗过程非常艰难，极具挑战性，故选C。 7. 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者因为过度锻炼和饮食不足导致健康受损，经过治疗后开始调整锻炼方式，再结合最后一段中“Today I walk a fine line: I still exercise every day, but I limit it to no more than 2 hours.(如今，我行事十分谨慎：我仍然坚持每天锻炼，但会将时间控制在两小时以内)”可知，作者现在每天仍然锻炼，但限制在不超过2小时，由此可推知，我们能从文章中学到的教训是不要过度锻炼，故选A。 第4小题易误选A。A“she had a passion for keeping fit她热爱健身”只是表层；作者已经晕倒、身体出现严重伤病，仍不顾身体状况坚持去健身，这不是单纯爱好，而是运动成瘾。 Passage 3 (24-25高一下·河南南阳·阶段检测)A new study led by the University of Bristol showed that when 13-year-old children who were picky eaters as preschoolers got to choose their own food(school dinners)at lunchtime, they were less picky about what they ate, compared with a packed lunch. In the study, picky children were less likely than their non-picky peers(同龄人)to have meat or fish sandwich fillings, and more likely to have fillings such as peanut butter or cheese spread. They were also less likely to eat fruit or salad in packed lunches. However, when picky children ate school dinners, they ate a wider variety of foods and made more similar choices to those of their peers. Researchers looked at questionnaire data from more than 5,300 children in another study. They looked into information from different preschool ages and again at age 13 to understand how picky eating behavior changes over time. Of the children participating, around half had packed lunches on most days, over a quarter had school dinners on most days and just over a third had school dinners on some days. There was no difference in the frequency of having packed lunches versus school dinners between picky and non-picky eaters. Picky eating peaks at around 3 years of age, but this study showed some of those who were picky as babies continued to show similar behavior at 13 years old. However, school dinners could help picky children explore more foods and become healthier overall. Dr. Caroline Taylor, lead researcher from the University of Bristol, said, “We found school dinners could be a good option to increase variety in the diets of picky teens, but there are plenty of other things parents can do to encourage a healthy diet. Whether that’s enjoying family meals together, modeling a balanced diet yourself, or involving them in meal preparation, it all helps. Most picky children are eating enough, but they’re sometimes lacking a good balance of foods. It’s important to encourage all children to eat enough nutrient-rich fruits and vegetables to help them grow, whether that’s at home or at school.” 8. How does the packed lunch affect picky eaters? A. It enhances their hands-on ability. B. It encourages them to try new foods. C. It limits their intake of fruits and salads. D. It reduces their preference for peanut butter fillings. 9. How did the researchers get the findings? A. They analyzed data from previous research. B. They interviewed parents about their children’s diets. C. They carried out some experiments on food preferences. D. They made observations of children’s diets in real time. 10. What do Dr. Caroline Taylor’s words imply? A. Picky eating among teenagers is a widespread phenomenon. B. Schools should stop students bringing their packed lunches. C. Role modeling matters most in shaping teens’ eating habits. D. Multiple approaches can be applied to aid teens’ healthy diets. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The Reasons for Teens’ Picky Habit at School B. A Long-Term Study on Children’s Eating Habits C. School Dinners May Help Picky Teens Explore More Foods D. Parents Should Pay More Attention to Children’s Eating Habits 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项长期研究发现学校午餐有助于挑食青少年尝试更多种类的食物，从而改善饮食结构。 8. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the study, picky children were less likely than their non-picky peers(同龄人)to have meat or fish sandwich fillings, and more likely to have fillings such as peanut butter or cheese spread. They were also less likely to eat fruit or salad in packed lunches.(在这项研究中，挑食的孩子与不挑食的同龄人相比更不可能吃肉或鱼三明治馅料，更有可能吃花生酱或奶酪酱等馅料。他们在打包的午餐中也不太可能吃水果或沙拉)”可知，打包午餐限制了挑食者对水果和沙拉的摄入，故选C。 9. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Researchers looked at questionnaire data from more than 5,300 children in another study. They looked into information from different preschool ages and again at age 13 to understand how picky eating behavior changes over time.(研究人员查看了另一项研究中超过5300名儿童的问卷数据。他们研究了不同学龄前儿童的信息，并在13岁时再次研究，以了解挑食行为如何随时间变化)”可知，研究人员通过分析之前研究的数据得出研究结果，故选A。 10. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中卡罗琳·泰勒博士的话“We found school dinners could be a good option to increase variety in the diets of picky teens, but there are plenty of other things parents can do to encourage a healthy diet. Whether that’s enjoying family meals together, modeling a balanced diet yourself, or involving them in meal preparation, it all helps.(我们发现学校晚餐可能是增加挑食青少年饮食多样性的一个好选择，但家长们还有很多其他事情可以做来鼓励健康饮食。无论是和家人一起吃饭，自己树立均衡饮食的榜样，还是让他们参与准备饭菜，这些都有帮助)”可知，卡罗琳·泰勒博士的话暗示了可以采取多种方法来帮助青少年健康饮食，故选D。 11. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A new study led by the University of Bristol showed that when 13-year-old children who were picky eaters as preschoolers got to choose their own food(school dinners)at lunchtime, they were less picky about what they ate, compared with a packed lunch.(布里斯托尔大学领导的一项新研究表明，与吃打包午餐的孩子相比，那些在学龄前挑食的13岁孩子在午餐时间可以选择自己的食物(学校晚餐)时，他们对所吃食物的挑剔程度会降低)”以及最后一段中“However, school dinners could help picky children explore more foods and become healthier overall.(然而，学校晚餐可以帮助挑食的孩子探索更多的食物，从而使他们整体上更健康)”可知，本文主要围绕学校晚餐对挑食青少年的积极影响展开，强调学校晚餐可能帮助挑食青少年探索更多食物。因此，C选项“School Dinners May Help Picky Teens Explore More Foods(学校晚餐可能有助于挑食的青少年探索更多食物)”最适合作为文章标题，故选C。 第11小题易误选B。B选项只是说明这是一项饮食习惯长期研究，表述宽泛；文章重点不是泛泛介绍研究，而是突出研究结论——学校午餐能帮助挑食青少年尝试更多食物。 Passage 4 (25-26高一上·上海·期末)After working in plastic surgery and medical aesthetics for the past 10 years, I’ve realized how many people struggle with a distorted self-image or an inaccurate perception of themselves. Many examine their own appearance under a microscope, focusing on every perceived flaw while overlooking qualities that others admire without hesitation. Many thought that a different nose, smoother skin, or a more balanced face would finally change them from an unattractive outsider to a stunning head-turner. However, one patient, in particular, changed the way I thought about beauty. Several years ago, a woman in her forties came to my clinic. She was a successful architect who carried herself with remarkable confidence. Unlike many patients, she did not arrive with a long list of complaints. Instead, she smiled and said, “I’ve never disliked my appearance, but there is one thing I’ve always wanted to change.” She explained that a childhood accident had left her nose slightly crooked. The feature had never prevented her from building a successful career, maintaining close friendships, or feeling comfortable in public. Yet whenever she looked in the mirror, she felt that one small detail did not quite reflect the person she knew herself to be. What struck me was her attitude. She never spoke of becoming prettier or looking like a celebrity. She never compared herself with what was presented on social media. Nor did she believe that surgery would transform her life. She simply wanted her outward appearance to match the confidence she already felt within. Several months after the procedure, she returned for a follow-up appointment. The change was subtle, but she seemed genuinely pleased. “I don’t feel like a different person,” she told me. “I feel more like myself.” Her words stayed with me long after she left. I’ve come to realize a difference between seeking treatment as a healthy form of self-improvement and pursuing it out of a persistent belief that one is never “good enough.” The former can be empowering; the latter is rarely satisfied, no matter how successful the procedure may be. Plastic surgery is a powerful, transformative, and deeply personal decision. I believe in it completely. I have watched it change lives, restore confidence, and give people the reflection they always felt they deserved. But the most beautiful results I have ever seen happen when a patient walks in already knowing their worth — and simply wants the outside to match how extraordinary they feel within. 12. What does the author mean by saying that many people “examine their own appearance under a microscope”? A. They are unable to see their appearance clearly. B. They often seek professional medical examinations. C. They compare themselves with scientists conducting research. D. They pay excessive attention to their perceived imperfections. 13. Why was the author impressed by the architect’s attitude? A. She sought surgery to have a more successful career. B. She expected surgery to completely transform her life. C. She accepted herself while seeking a minor improvement. D. She was determined to change every small detail of her life. 14. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Physical appearance is the only source of sense of achievement. B. Most patients seek cosmetic procedures because of pressure from social media. C. The architect had encountered many career failures before she had the plastic surgery. D. A person’s attitude toward themselves may affect how satisfied they feel after treatment. 15. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward plastic surgery? A. Uninterested in its influence on patients. B. Completely supportive without reservation. C. Cautiously positive while emphasizing self-worth. D. Strongly opposed due to its stress on outward beauty. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. C 【导语】作者结合十年医美整形从业经历，通过一位女建筑师的整容案例，阐述了对整形的看法：良性自我提升的整形有意义，核心是接纳自我、匹配内外状态。 12. 词义猜测题。根据划线部分下文“focusing on every perceived flaw while overlooking qualities that others admire without hesitation(专注于每一个自己察觉到的瑕疵，却全然忽视了别人毫不犹豫欣赏的自身品质)”可知，“examine their own appearance under a microscope”指人们过度关注自己认为的自身不完美之处，故选D。 13. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The feature had never prevented her from building a successful career, maintaining close friendships, or feeling comfortable in public.(这个特征从未阻碍她打造成功的事业、维系亲密的友谊，或是在公共场合从容自在)”和第五段“What struck me was her attitude. She never spoke of becoming prettier or looking like a celebrity. She never compared herself with what was presented on social media. Nor did she believe that surgery would transform her life. She simply wanted her outward appearance to match the confidence she already felt within.(让我印象深刻的是她的心态。她从未说过要变得更漂亮，或是看起来像名人。她从未拿自己和社交媒体上展示的形象做对比。她也不相信手术会彻底改变她的人生。她只是想要自己的外在样貌与内心已然拥有的自信相契合)”可知，女建筑师接纳完整的自我，只寻求微小的改变，这一点让作者印象深刻，故选C。 14. 推理判断题。根据第八段“I’ve come to realize a difference between seeking treatment as a healthy form of self-improvement and pursuing it out of a persistent belief that one is never “good enough.” The former can be empowering; the latter is rarely satisfied, no matter how successful the procedure may be.(我逐渐意识到，将整形视为良性自我提升的方式，和因始终认为自己不够好而执着整形，二者截然不同。前者能让人变得强大，后者无论手术多成功都难以满足)”可推知，一个人的自我认知和心态，会影响其术后的满意度，故选D。 15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I believe in it completely. I have watched it change lives, restore confidence, and give people the reflection they always felt they deserved. But the most beautiful results I have ever seen happen when a patient walks in already knowing their worth — and simply wants the outside to match how extraordinary they feel within.(我完全认可整形手术。我目睹它改变人生、恢复自信，并给予人们他们一直认为自己理应拥有的样貌影像。但我见过最美好的结果发生在这样的时刻：一位接受治疗者走进来，本就清楚自身价值，只是希望外在模样能够匹配自己内心感受到的那份不凡)”可知，作者对整形持审慎积极的态度，认可其价值的同时，强调自我价值的核心重要性，故选C。 第15小题易误选B。B“Completely supportive without reservation毫无保留完全支持”与原文but转折内容冲突；作者认可整形，但强调必须建立在认清自我价值的基础上，是审慎的肯定。 Passage 5 (25-26高一下·山西晋中·期末)It is natural to compare ourselves with others and to get caught in a mental comparison cycle, yet this is seldom beneficial. You may have heard the expression, “Comparison is the thief of joy.” ___16___ Comparison not only robs us of joy, but it can also fuel self-criticism and a lack of self-acceptance. ___17___ “I am not as successful and competent as they are.” “Why don’t I have what they have?” We use comparison as a way of self-criticism, which prevents self-acceptance. Another issue with comparison is that it causes unrealistic expectations. When we compare ourselves to others, we often overlook the context of their journey. We see the success, but not the failures, sacrifices or struggles. ___18___ But in reality, no one’s life is without difficulties, and by focusing on someone else’s highlights, we’re ignoring the complexity of our own story. Comparison may secretly play tricks on us. If we meet expectations, lose weight, or get a promotion, we will feel better, calmer, and stop comparing ourselves. This may be temporarily true. ___19___ We can always find something else to compare, another expectation we tell ourselves we are not meeting, leaving us feeling worse once again. Let go of the idea that you need to compete with others. Life is not a race, and there is no finish line you must cross to prove your worth. Instead of comparing, try to celebrate others’ successes and use them as inspiration for your own journey. ___20___ Not just for yourself, but for those around you. A. Yet comparison is an endless process. B. Comparison lowers your sense of security. C. So what can we do to break free from comparison? D. Typically, it leads to perceiving others as superior to us. E. By doing so, you create an environment of positivity and growth. F. This makes it easy to assume that everyone else is living a perfect life. G. This rings true as comparing ourselves with others makes happiness hard to feel. 【答案】16. G 17. D 18. F 19. A 20. E 【导语】本篇为说明文。文章主要介绍了与人攀比弊大于利，它会夺走快乐、引发自我否定与不切实际的期待，且永无止境。我们应放下攀比，欣赏他人的成功，以此激励自己，营造积极的生活氛围。 16. 前文“You may have heard the expression, “Comparison is the thief of joy.”(您或许听过这样一句话：“比较是快乐的小偷。”)”引用了经典谚语，空格需要对这句谚语进行解释和印证。G选项“This rings true as comparing ourselves with others makes happiness hard to feel.(这句话千真万确，因为与他人比较会让我们难以感受到幸福)”中，This rings true 直接呼应前文的谚语，makes happiness hard to feel完美解释了“偷走快乐”的含义，逻辑严丝合缝，故选G。 17. 前文“Comparison not only robs us of joy, but it can also fuel self-criticism and a lack of self-acceptance.(比较不仅会剥夺我们的快乐，还会助长自我批评和缺乏自我接纳的心态)”指出比较会“助长自我批评和自我接纳的缺失”，后文““I am not as successful and competent as they are.” “Why don’t I have what they have?”(“我不像他们那样成功和有能力。”“为什么我没有他们拥有的那些？”)”紧接着列举了两句典型的自我否定内心独白。空格需要一个过渡句，说明比较如何导致自我批评。D选项“Typically, it leads to perceiving others as superior to us.(通常情况下，它会让我们觉得别人比自己更优秀)”精准点明了比较的核心心理后果，正是因为觉得别人更优越，才会产生后文“我不如他们”的自我批判，形成完整的逻辑链条，故选D。 18. 前文“We see the success, but not the failures, sacrifices or struggles.(我们看到了他们的成功，却看不到他们的失败、牺牲或挣扎)”说明我们在比较时“只看到别人的成功，看不到他们的失败、牺牲和挣扎”，后文“But in reality, no one’s life is without difficulties, and by focusing on someone else’s highlights, we’re ignoring the complexity of our own story.(但实际上，没有人的人生是毫无困难的，而通过关注别人的成功亮点，我们却忽略了自己故事的复杂性)”转折指出“没有人的生活是没有困难的”。空格需要说明这种片面认知带来的错误结论。F选项“This makes it easy to assume that everyone else is living a perfect life.(这让我们很容易认为其他人都过着完美的生活)”中，This指代前文“只看别人高光时刻”的行为，正好引出后文对“完美生活”假象的反驳，逻辑连贯，故选F。 19. 前文“If we meet expectations, lose weight, or get a promotion, we will feel better, calmer, and stop comparing ourselves. This may be temporarily true.(如果我们达到了预期目标、成功减重或者获得了晋升，我们会感觉更好、更平静，并且不再与他人进行比较。这在短期内可能是真的)”提到“达到目标后停止比较”只是暂时的，后文“We can always find something else to compare, another expectation we tell ourselves we are not meeting, leaving us feeling worse once again.(我们总能找到其他的东西来比较，我们告诉自己我们没有达到的另一个期望，让我们再次感觉更糟)”进一步说明“我们总能找到新的比较对象和未达成的期望”。空格需要点明比较的本质特征。A选项“Yet comparison is an endless process.(然而比较是一个永无止境的过程)”中，Yet 转折前文的“temporarily true(暂时正确)”，endless process完美概括了后文“总能找到新的比较点”的内容，是本段的核心观点，故选A。 20. 前文“Instead of comparing, try to celebrate others’ successes and use them as inspiration for your own journey.(与其比较，不如试着为他人的成功而庆祝，并将这些作为自己前行的激励)”给出了解决方案——“不要比较，而是庆祝他人的成功并将其作为自己的灵感”，后文“Not just for yourself, but for those around you.(不仅是为了自己，也是为了身边的人)”补充说明这种做法的受益者包括自己和身边的人。空格需要说明这种正确做法带来的积极影响。E选项“By doing so, you create an environment of positivity and growth.(通过这样做，你会创造一个积极向上、共同成长的环境)”中，By doing so指代前文的正确做法，positivity and growth与后文的“为了自己和身边的人”形成呼应，完美收束全文，故选E。 第16小题，易误选C。C.“So what can we do to break free from comparison?”是提出对策，而空格前只是引用谚语，本段只是解释谚语含义，还未到提出解决办法的环节，G选项才是对谚语的阐释。 Passage 1 【新素材·融合生物和心理学知识】Time flies when you have fun on your smartphone. But when you sit down to work and study, an hour feels like a year. ________ It is all because of something small called dopamine which is a “joy chemical” that makes people feel good. Our brains release it when we eat yummy food, after we exercise or when we are praised. Compared with studying, eating chocolate can make your brain release 150% more dopamine, and exercising for 30 minutes raises it by 200%. But using smartphones creates much more dopamine. For example, watching short videos gives a 250% increase, and checking new messages makes dopamine jump by 400%—much higher than studying. But why? When we go through social media, we don’t know what we’ll see next. This uncertainty makes dopamine active. Studying doesn’t provide such uncertainty. Without the excitement of “gambling(赌博)”, we get bored much more easily. Can we do something to change that? According to research, apps can become less attractive if we turn off notifications(消息通知)or change the screen colours to black and white. We can also set time controls on apps. As for studying, you could check your progress daily or weekly and reward yourself for it. You could also explore interesting topics related to your textbooks. 1. Which of the following can be put in “________”? A. Why is studying so important for our brains? B. Why are we so easily tired of using smartphones? C. Why is using a smartphone the best way to improve study? D. Why are we so crazy about smartphones but easily bored with studying? 2. What does the underlined word “release” mean in the passage? A. Recycle. B. Reduce. C. Produce. D. Attract. 3. Which of the following pictures shows the level of dopamine increase? A. B. C. D. 4. What can be the best title for the passage? A. The Joy Source of Life: Dopamine B. The Cure of Screen Habit: Phone Tips C. The Fun-Killer of Study: Dopamine D. The Cure for Boredom: Learning Plans 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 【导语】本篇为说明文。短文介绍了“快乐化学物质”多巴胺的相关知识，解释了人们沉迷智能手机却容易对学习感到无聊的原因，并给出了降低手机吸引力、提升学习乐趣的具体建议。 1. 推理判断题(篇章结构)。第一段“Time flies when you have fun on your smartphone. But when you sit down to work and study, an hour feels like a year.”以及后文“It is all because of something small called dopamine which is a ‘joy chemical’ that makes people feel good.”表明，空缺处需要承接上文“玩手机时时间飞逝、学习时时间难熬”的现象，提出疑问以引出下文的原因解释，故选D。 2. 词义猜测题。根据第一段“...dopamine which is a ‘joy chemical’ that makes people feel good. Our brains release it when we eat yummy food, after we exercise or when we are praised.”可知，多巴胺是能让人产生愉悦感的化学物质，当人们吃美食、运动、受到表扬时，大脑会分泌、释放这种物质，因此“release”的含义与“产生”接近，故选C。 3. 细节理解题。第二段“Compared with studying, eating chocolate can make your brain release 150% more dopamine, and exercising for 30 minutes raises it by 200%... and checking new messages makes dopamine jump by 400%—much higher than studying.”表明，吃巧克力使多巴胺增加150%，运动使多巴胺增加200%，查看新消息使多巴胺增加400%，故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。文章围绕多巴胺展开，借助不同活动的多巴胺分泌差异，解释人们沉迷手机却容易对学习感到乏味的原因，同时给出降低手机吸引力、提升学习乐趣的改善建议。核心是多巴胺对学习乐趣的负面影响，故选C。 Passage 2 【新素材·心理健康科普】We all have people who make us feel uncomfortable the moment we meet them. Spending a great deal of time with someone you dislike is more than just mentally tiring. ___1___ When we stay around annoying people for a long time, our body will keep releasing cortisol, known as the stress hormone. Short-term cortisol helps us deal with emergencies. ___2___ It breaks down collagen, the protein keeping our skin elastic. It also shortens telomeres, the protective ends of chromosomes. Shorter telomeres mean cells age faster. Besides, constantly high cortisol weakens our immune system and disturbs our sleep. ___3___ Repeated anger, frustration and overthinking about that person create continuous mental exhaustion. Many people keep replaying unpleasant conversations in their minds, which is a typical sign of mental internal friction. Poor sleep and long-term anxiety will show on our faces and drain our energy, making us look much older than our real age. Some research from Harvard and Stanford supports this idea. Studies show that people stuck in conflicting relationships have telomeres shortening at a higher speed than those with peaceful social connections. ___4___ It speeds up aging rather than causes it on its own. ___5___ The most effective way is to cut down contact as much as possible. We can also practice emotional detachment: stop expecting them to change and reduce their influence on our feelings. Regular exercise and deep breathing also help control cortisol levels. A. However, long-lasting high levels of cortisol do great harm to our body. B. Mental tiredness caused by bad relationships also contributes to aging. C. It may actually speed up our physical aging, according to scientific research. D. Therefore, we should stay away from all people we dislike completely. E. But we should remember that relational stress is only an accelerator of aging. F. There are practical ways to reduce the harm brought by such stressful contacts. G. Many people ignore the connection between skin condition and daily emotions. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. E 5. F 【导语】本篇为说明文。文章主要介绍长期与令自己不适的人相处不仅带来精神疲惫，还会加速身体衰老。文章从皮质醇的生理影响、精神内耗两方面阐释原理，引用科研成果佐证观点，并给出减轻这类人际压力伤害的可行方法。 1. 前文“We all have people who make us feel uncomfortable the moment we meet them. Spending a great deal of time with someone you dislike is more than just mentally tiring.(我们都遇到过一见面就让自己不舒服的人。长时间和不喜欢的人相处，不仅仅是精神疲惫)” 点明和讨厌之人相处带来精神负担，空格需要递进引出全文核心观点。C选项“It may actually speed up our physical aging, according to scientific research.(科学研究表明，这实际上可能会加速我们身体衰老)”承接上文，抛出核心论点，引出下文皮质醇、端粒等科学原理，起到承上启下的作用，故选C。 2. 前文“Short-term cortisol helps us deal with emergencies.(短期皮质醇可以帮助我们应对紧急情况)” 说明短期皮质醇的积极作用，后文介绍皮质醇会破坏胶原蛋白、缩短端粒等各类身体伤害。A选项“However, long-lasting high levels of cortisol do great harm to our body.(然而，长期高水平的皮质醇会对我们身体造成巨大伤害)” 中 However 形成转折，完成“短期有益→长期有害”的逻辑转换，衔接自然，故选A。 3. 上一段讲述皮质醇带来的生理衰老机制，本段转向心理层面。空格位于段首，需要本段主题句。B选项“Mental tiredness caused by bad relationships also contributes to aging.(不良人际关系造成的精神疲惫也会促使衰老)”总领本段，开启精神内耗的相关论述，完成生理到心理的逻辑分层，故选B。 4. 前文“Studies show that people stuck in conflicting relationships have telomeres shortening at a higher speed than those with peaceful social connections.(研究表明，陷入冲突性关系的人，端粒缩短速度比拥有平和社交关系的人更快)” 展示研究结论，后文“It speeds up aging rather than causes it on its own.(它只是加快衰老，本身并不会直接引发衰老)”纠正认知。E选项 “But we should remember that relational stress is only an accelerator of aging.(但我们要记住，人际压力只是衰老的加速器)”中But进行辩证限定，衔接前后，故选E。 5. 空格在段首，后文“The most effective way is to cut down contact as much as possible. We can also practice emotional detachment…(最有效的办法是尽量减少接触。我们也可以练习情绪抽离……)”列举多条解决措施。F选项“There are practical ways to reduce the harm brought by such stressful contacts.(有一些实用方法可以减轻这类紧张交往带来的伤害)”总起整段对策，引出下文多个办法，故选F。 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $