高考英语阅读理解D篇 议论文 （十七）-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

高三一轮复习专项｜阅读理解D篇 议论文 Passage 1：积极怀旧：怀旧未必是逃避现实 Passage 2：讨好型人格：这是真正的高情商吗？ Passage 3：反刍思维与理性反思：反复纠结烦恼不等于复盘学习 Passage 4：小成就的力量：看见微小进步的价值 Passage 1 话题：积极怀旧：怀旧未必是逃避现实 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Many people hold the belief that nostalgia, the warm longing for past experiences, equals escaping from present stress. When we see someone frequently recalling old happy memories, we may assume that he cannot deal with real-life challenges and chooses to hide in the past. However, psychologists have put forward the idea of positive nostalgia, arguing that this mental activity is far more complex than simple avoidance. Positive nostalgia refers to the gentle remembrance of meaningful moments, such as family gatherings, old friendships or small achievements. A series of studies shows that such memories can strengthen our sense of belonging. When people feel lonely or powerless, thinking about those warm experiences reminds them that they are loved and capable, which builds inner confidence. It also helps people form a continuous sense of self, connecting who they used to be with who they are now. Researchers also warn of its dark side. If people keep idealizing the past and refuse to accept the imperfections of reality, nostalgia turns into an unhealthy escape. In that case, they may avoid making plans or taking action to improve the current situation. Therefore, nostalgia itself carries no fixed value. What matters is whether it serves as emotional fuel for future efforts, or becomes a shelter that stops growth. 1. What do many people think nostalgia is at first? A. A method to build self-confidence. B. A tool to strengthen social bonds. C. A chance to correct past mistakes. D. A way to escape present pressure. 2. What benefit can positive nostalgia bring according to the studies? A. It helps people forget painful failures forever. B. It improves people’s sense of belonging. C. It makes people stop noticing reality’s weaknesses. D. It encourages people to change their personality. 3. When does nostalgia become harmful? A. When people recall memories with their old friends. B. When people beautify the past and avoid real-life action. C. When people use past stories to cheer themselves up. D. When people compare different periods of their life. 4. What is the main idea of the text? A. Memories of the past should be treated with doubt. B. People often misunderstand the cause of stress in daily life. C. Positive nostalgia is widely used to treat loneliness. D. Nostalgia can be helpful or harmful, depending on how it works. Passage 2 话题：讨好型心态：这是真正的高情商吗？ 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 In social situations, some people tend to agree with others and try their best not to disappoint anyone around them. This habit is often praised as high emotional intelligence, or the ability to understand others’ feelings. Yet psychologists draw a clear line between real empathy and people-pleasing, reminding us that the two are not the same. Genuine empathy means sensing another person’s feelings while keeping one’s own needs in mind. People with real empathy can listen patiently, offer support, and say “no” politely when a request goes beyond their limits. By contrast, people-pleasing is driven mainly by the fear of negative judgment. People pleasers often give up their own preferences to maintain peace. They worry that disagreement will damage relationships, so they avoid conflict at almost any cost. Over time, constant people-pleasing may lead to emotional burnout. If a person repeatedly ignores his own boundaries, he may gradually lose the awareness of what he truly wants. This does not create sincere relationships. Instead, others may form an unrealistic image of him, and long-term dissatisfaction may finally break out. Healthy communication allows honest disagreement. Good relationships do not require one side to give up all personal needs all the time. 1. What do some people mistake people-pleasing for? A. Emotional intelligence. B. Self-respect. C. Honest communication. D. Social responsibility. 2. Which statement describes genuine empathy? A. Agreeing with others to prevent conflict. B. Satisfying every request from friends. C. Understanding others while knowing one’s own limits. D. Hiding different opinions to keep peace. 3. What possible result may frequent people-pleasing cause? A. Clear personal boundaries. B. More honest communication. C. Better self-awareness. D. Long-term emotional tiredness. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards people-pleasing? A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Uncertain. D. Uninterested. Passage 3 话题：反刍思维与理性反思：反复纠结烦恼不等于复盘学习 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 After an awkward talk or a disappointing failure, many people replay the event again and again in their heads. They believe they are reflecting on what went wrong so that they can do better next time. Psychologists, however, separate this repeated thinking into two different types: rumination and reflection. The difference greatly influences people’s mental health. Rumination means repeatedly focusing on negative feelings, such as shame, regret or embarrassment. A person stuck in rumination keeps asking “Why did this happen to me?” or “How terrible I was.” He circles around bad emotions without searching for practical solutions. This mental habit can enlarge anxiety, make small troubles feel serious, and prevent progress. Reflection, on the other hand, is purposeful thinking. It looks at the event objectively, trying to find useful information. People who reflect may ask “What can I learn?” and “What steps can I take if similar things happen again?” Reflection helps people draw lessons, without staying trapped in negative feelings. It is a useful skill for growth. It is easy to fall into rumination by accident. When we find ourselves stuck in the same negative thoughts, we can try shifting our attention from feelings to possible plans. Only in this way can we turn painful experiences into valuable lessons. 1. Why do many people keep replaying unpleasant events? A. They want to share the story with others. B. They hope to reduce their sense of shame quickly. C. They think they are learning from mistakes. D. They enjoy examining their own feelings. 2. Which of the following belongs to rumination? A. Figuring out useful ways to avoid similar mistakes. B. Keeping thinking how stupid one was after the failure. C. Thinking about how the mistake could teach a lesson. D. Listing practical plans for future challenges. 3. What is the main difference between rumination and reflection? A. Whether the thought is about past events. B. Whether the event is painful or not. C. Whether it aims to find practical solutions. D. Whether it appears after failure. 4. What suggestion does the author give at the end of the text? A. Avoid thinking about unpleasant experiences. B. Stop asking questions after making mistakes. C. Accept negative feelings without doing anything. D. Move focus from bad feelings to possible plans. Passage 4 话题：小成就的力量：看见微小进步的价值 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Nowadays, people often judge progress mainly by big, eye-catching achievements, such as winning competitions, passing important exams or getting great awards. As a result, small daily improvements are easily ignored. Many students feel they are making no progress if they have not reached a major goal. Psychologists argue that this attitude overlooks the power of small wins, which play a key role in building self-efficacy. Self-efficacy refers to the belief that one is able to finish tasks and reach goals. This belief does not come from one single big success. Instead, it grows slowly from a series of small wins: finishing a difficult exercise, sticking to a daily plan or expressing an opinion bravely. Every small success sends a message to our brain: “I can make it.” These little moments keep motivation alive, especially when long-term goals seem far away. This does not mean we should lower our standards or stop pursuing big dreams. Rather, we should recognize that big achievements are usually built from countless tiny steps. If we only celebrate major results, we may feel discouraged for a long time before we finally succeed. Learning to notice and value small progress helps us keep steady motivation on the long journey. 1. Why do many people overlook small wins? A. They do not know how to judge progress properly. B. They tend to value major achievements most. C. They believe small wins are useless for big goals. D. They have no time to record daily improvements. 2. What is self-efficacy according to the text? A. The courage to set big and challenging goals. B. The ability to receive praise from others. C. The belief that one can complete tasks successfully. D. The habit of celebrating big achievements. 3. Where does self-efficacy mainly come from? A. Constant small successes. B. High praise from teachers. C. One important big win. D. Clear plans for the future. 4. What message does the author try to convey? A. We should set smaller goals instead of big ones. B. Big achievements are not necessary for growth. C. Long-term goals often lead to disappointment. D. Recognizing minor progress helps keep motivation. 参考答案与详细解析 Passage1：1.D 2.B 3.B 4.D Passage2：1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B Passage3：1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D Passage4：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D Passage 1 1.【答案】D 解析：细节理解题。定位原文 “Many people hold the belief that nostalgia, the warm longing for past experiences, equals escaping from present stress.”，很多人最初认为怀旧是逃避当下压力的方式。A、C是积极怀旧带来的好处，是心理学家的观点，并非大众普遍看法；D为正确选项。 2.【答案】B 解析：细节理解题。文中提到 “such memories can strengthen our sense of belonging”，积极怀旧能够增强归属感。A表述绝对，文中没有说可以永久忘记痛苦；C是消极怀旧的特点；D文中未提及会改变性格。 3.【答案】B 解析：细节理解题。定位 “If people keep idealizing the past and refuse to accept the imperfections of reality, nostalgia turns into an unhealthy escape”，当美化过去、回避现实行动时，怀旧就会产生消极影响。A、C都是积极怀旧，属于正面作用；D不属于有害的情况。 4.【答案】D 解析：主旨大意题。全文辩证论述：怀旧本身没有固定好坏，积极怀旧能给予情绪支撑，但一味美化过去就会变成逃避。A态度过于消极；B偏离核心话题；C只是一处细节，不是主旨。故选D。 Passage 2 1.【答案】A 解析：细节理解题。定位 “This habit is often praised as high emotional intelligence”，很多人把讨好型行为误认为高情商。B（自尊）、C（坦诚沟通）、D（社会责任）在定位句中没有出现，故选A。 2.【答案】C 解析：细节理解题。原文 “Genuine empathy means sensing another person’s feelings while keeping one’s own needs in mind... can say ‘no’ politely when a request goes beyond their limits.”，真正的共情，既能理解他人，也清楚自身边界。A、B、D都是讨好型心态的表现。 3.【答案】D 解析：细节理解题。定位 “Over time, constant people-pleasing may lead to emotional burnout.”，长期讨好容易造成情绪耗竭，也就是情绪疲惫。A、B、C都是健康沟通带来的积极效果。 4.【答案】B 解析：作者态度题。作者区分共情和讨好，指出讨好会带来情绪耗竭，不利于长期真诚交往，能看出作者对讨好型行为持怀疑、不认可的态度。Supportive支持的；Uncertain不确定的；Uninterested不感兴趣的，均排除。 Passage 3 1.【答案】C 解析：细节理解题。定位 “They believe they are reflecting on what went wrong so that they can do better next time.”，人们反复回想糟心事，是自认为在复盘、从失误中学习。A、B、D原文没有对应信息。 2.【答案】B 解析：细节判断题。反刍（rumination）是反复沉浸在负面情绪里，只纠结感受，不寻找对策。B选项“失败之后反复想自己有多糟糕”，符合定义。A、C、D都是反思（reflection），重在吸取教训、寻找方案。 3.【答案】C 解析：细节理解题。二者核心区别：反刍困在负面情绪，不寻找解决方案；反思是有目的思考，寻找可行对策。A、B、D都是两者的共性，不是区分标准。 4.【答案】D 解析：细节理解题。定位 “we can try shifting our attention from feelings to possible plans”，作者建议把注意力从负面感受转移到可行方案上。A“不要回想不愉快经历”表述绝对；B、C和原文建议相反。 Passage 4 1.【答案】B 解析：细节理解题。定位 “Nowadays, people often judge progress mainly by big, eye-catching achievements… small daily improvements are easily ignored.”，人们习惯看重重大成果，因此容易忽视微小进步。A属于过度推断；C、D原文没有提到。 2.【答案】C 解析：词义猜测题。定位 “Self-efficacy refers to the belief that one is able to finish tasks and reach goals.”，自我效能感，指相信自己有能力完成任务、实现目标。A、B、D和定义不符。 3.【答案】A 解析：细节理解题。定位 “This belief does not come from one single big success. Instead, it grows slowly from a series of small wins”，自我效能感来自持续不断的小成功，而非一次巨大成功或者外界表扬。 4.【答案】D 解析：主旨大意题。文章论证，重视微小进步，有助于长期维持动力。A错误，不是让我们设立更小目标，而是学会看见小进步；B表述绝对，不否定重大成就；C属于无中生有。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $