内容正文:
Unit 5 Power of Ideas 重点单词、短语用法讲练
目录
· 单元重难点单词、短语用法讲解
将单词、短语分层列出,突出重点词汇,便于记忆。
详细讲解重点单词和短语的用法,把握单词、短语的考点,便于全面掌握。
· 单元单词、短语用法练习
通过以下练习,在具体的语境中巩固单词、短语的用法,加深对单词、短语的记忆和理解。
单元重难点单词、短语用法讲解
一、单元单词、短语分层列举
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. 课标重点单词、短语。
invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明;创造
camera /ˈkæmərə/ n. 照相机;摄影机
itself /ɪtˈself/ pron. 它自己
hundreds (of ...) 许多;大量
printer /ˈprɪntə(r)/ n. 打印机;印刷商
produce /prəˈdjuːs/ v. 生产;制造
plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ n. 塑料 adj. 塑料的
invent /ɪnˈvent/ v. 发明;编造
suppose /səˈpəʊz/ v. 认为;推断
be supposed to do / be sth 应当做(某事)或是(某物)
wheel /wiːl/ n. 车轮;轮子
tourism /ˈtʊərɪzəm/ n. 旅游业
reality /rɪˈæləti/ n. 现实;事实
responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 有责任的
responsible for sth 引起某事
rapid /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 迅速的;瞬间的
shape /ʃeɪp/v. 塑造 n. 形状
stone /stəʊn/ n. 石头;岩石
expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的;价格高的
officer /ˈɒfɪsə(r)/ n. 官员;军官
none /nʌn/ pron. 没有一个;毫无
certain /ˈsɜːtn/ adj. 某些;确定的 pron.(不提及人或事物的名称时用)某些
suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/ adj. 合适的;适宜的
cheap /tʃiːp/ adj. 便宜的 adv. 低廉地
later on 后来;其后
speed up(使)加速
result in 造成;导致
lead to 导致;造成
birth /bɜːθ/ n. 诞生;出现
rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/ adv. 迅速地;快速地
afford /əˈfɔːd/v. 买得起;能做
company /ˈkʌmpəni/ n. 公司;陪伴
production /prəˈdʌkʃn/ n. 生产;制作
widely /ˈwaɪdli/ adv. 广泛地;普遍地
be looking to do sth 试图找到做某事的方法
2. 非课标重点单词、短语。
laptop /ˈlæptɒp/ n. 笔记本电脑
high-speed train 高速列车
super /ˈsuːpə(r)/ adj. 超级的;顶好的
sunglasses /ˈsʌnɡlɑːsɪz/ n. 墨镜
button /ˈbʌtn/ n. 按钮;扣子
file /faɪl/ n.(计算机的)文件;文件夹
telephone /ˈtelɪfəʊn/ n. 电话
eastern /ˈiːstən/ adj. 东部的;东方的
layer /ˈleɪə(r)/ n. 层;表层
frozen /ˈfrəʊzn/ adj. 冻硬的;冰封的
melt /melt/ v.(使)融化;逐渐消失
pipe /paɪp/ n. 管道;管子;烟斗
economic /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ adj. 经济的;经济学的
gain /ɡeɪn/ v. 获得;取得
papermaking /ˈpeɪpəˌmeɪkɪŋ/ n. 造纸工艺;造纸业
bronze /brɒnz/ n. 青铜
ware /weə(r)/ n. 制品;陶器
jute /dʒuːt/ n. 黄麻纤维
fibre /ˈfaɪbə(r)/ (=fiber) n. 纤维
workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ n. 作坊;讲习班
ideal /aɪˈdiːəl/ adj. 理想的;最合适的 n. 理想;完美的人(或事物)
bark /bɑːk/ n. 树皮
liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ n. 液体 adj. 液体的
creation /kriˈeɪʃn/ n. 创造;作品
Arab /ˈærəb/ adj. 阿拉伯的 n. 阿拉伯人
sticky /ˈstɪki/ adj. 黏(性)的;闷热的
songbook /ˈsɒŋbʊk/ n. 歌曲集
gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地;逐步地
glider /ˈɡlaɪdə(r)/ n. 滑翔机
二、重点单词、短语用法讲解
1、invention
词义:① invention作不可数名词,意为“发明;创造”。
The invention of the telephone changed our life.(电话的发明改变了我们的生活。)
The computer is a great invention.(电脑是一项伟大的发明。)
固定搭配:① the invention of(……的发明)
I am interested in the invention of the wheel.(我对轮子的发明很感兴趣。)
② make an invention(做出发明)
He made an important invention.(他做出了一项重要发明。)
③ a great invention(一项伟大的发明)
词形变化:invent v. 发明
inventor n. 发明家
inventive adj. 有发明才能的
易混淆词:① invention与discovery
invention指发明原本不存在的东西。
The invention of the light bulb was important.(电灯泡的发明很重要。)
discovery指发现原本存在但未被知道的东西。
The discovery of America was a big event.(美洲的发现是一件大事。)
2、camera
词义:① camera作可数名词,意为“照相机;摄像机”。
She took photos with her camera.(她用相机拍了照片。)
固定搭配:① take a photo with a camera(用相机拍照)
He took a photo with his camera.(他用相机拍了一张照片。)
② digital camera(数码相机)
3、itself
词义:① itself作反身代词,意为“它自己;它本身”。
The problem itself is not difficult.(问题本身并不难。)
固定搭配:① by itself(独自;自动地)
The door opened by itself.(门自动开了。)
② in itself(本身;本质上)
The idea is good in itself.(这个想法本身是好的。)
词形变化:it pron. 它
its adj. 它的
itself pron. 它自己
4、hundreds (of ...)
词义:① hundreds of ...意为“数百的;成百上千的”,后接可数名词复数。
Hundreds of students took part in the activity.(数百名学生参加了这次活动。)
② hundred前有具体数字时,用单数,不加of。
Two hundred students came to the meeting.(两百名学生来参加了会议。)
固定搭配:① hundreds of(数百;成百上千)
Hundreds of people visit the park every day.(每天有数百人参观这个公园。)
② two/three/... hundred(两百/三百……)
There are three hundred students in our grade.(我们年级有三百名学生。)
③ several hundred(几百)
Several hundred birds flew over the lake.(几百只鸟飞过湖面。)
易混淆词:① hundreds of与two hundred
hundreds of表示不确定的数百。
Hundreds of people came.(数百人来了。)
two hundred表示具体两百。
Two hundred people came.(两百人来了。)
5、printer
词义:① printer作可数名词,意为“打印机”。
Please connect the printer to the computer.(请把打印机连接到电脑上。)
② printer作可数名词,意为“印刷工;印刷商”。
He works as a printer in a factory.(他在一家工厂当印刷工。)
固定搭配:① print out(打印出来)
Please print out the document.(请把文件打印出来。)
词形变化:print v. 打印;印刷
printer n. 打印机
printing n. 印刷
6、produce
词义:① produce作动词,意为“生产;制造;产生”。
This factory produces cars.(这家工厂生产汽车。)
② produce作不可数名词,意为“农产品”。
The farmer sells fresh produce.(农民出售新鲜农产品。)
固定搭配:① produce goods(生产商品)
② produce a result(产生结果)
The experiment produced a good result.(实验产生了好的结果。)
词形变化:product n. 产品
production n. 生产
producer n. 生产者
易混淆词:① produce与product
produce是动词,意为“生产”。
They produce shoes.(他们生产鞋子。)
product是名词,意为“产品”。
Their products are popular.(他们的产品很受欢迎。)
7、plastic
词义:① plastic作不可数名词,意为“塑料”。
This bottle is made of plastic.(这个瓶子是用塑料做的。)
② plastic作形容词,意为“塑料的”。
I bought a plastic bag.(我买了一个塑料袋。)
固定搭配:① plastic bag(塑料袋)
② plastic pollution(塑料污染)
③ made of plastic(由塑料制成)
The toy is made of plastic.(这个玩具是塑料做的。)
8、invent
词义:① invent作动词,意为“发明;创造”。
He invented a new game.(他发明了一个新游戏。)
固定搭配:① invent sth.(发明某物)
Who invented the telephone?(谁发明了电话?)
词形变化:invention n. 发明
inventor n. 发明家
易混淆词:
① invent与discover
invent指发明原本不存在的东西。
He invented a new machine.(他发明了一台新机器。)
discover指发现原本存在的东西。
Columbus discovered America.(哥伦布发现了美洲。)
9、suppose
词义:① suppose作动词,意为“猜想;认为;假设”。
Suppose you are a teacher, what will you do?(假设你是一名老师,你会怎么做?)
② suppose用于be supposed to结构,意为“应该”。
You are supposed to finish your homework on time.(你应该按时完成作业。)
固定搭配:
① I suppose (that)...(我想/我认为……)
I suppose that she will come.(我想她会来。)
② be supposed to do/ be sth
We are supposed to be quiet in the library.(我们在图书馆应该保持安静。)
be supposed to do sth.意为“应该做某事;被期望做某事”。
Students are supposed to hand in homework on time.(学生应该按时交作业。)
You are not supposed to run in the hallways.(你不应该在走廊里跑。)
be supposed to be sth.意为“应该是某物;被认为是某物”。
This is supposed to be the best film of the year.(这应该是今年最好的电影。)
词形变化:supposed adj. 应该的;假定的
易错点:
be supposed to中to后接动词原形。否定在be后加not。疑问把be提前。
10、wheel
词义:① wheel作可数名词,意为“轮子;车轮”。
The car has four wheels.(汽车有四个轮子。)
11、tourism
词义:① tourism作不可数名词,意为“旅游业;旅游”。
Tourism is important to our city.(旅游业对我们城市很重要。)
固定搭配:① tourism industry(旅游业)
The tourism industry is growing fast.(旅游业发展迅速。)
② develop tourism(发展旅游业)
The city is trying to develop tourism.(这座城市正在努力发展旅游业。)
词形变化:tour n./v. 旅行
tourist n. 游客
tourism n. 旅游业
12、reality
词义:① reality作不可数名词,意为“现实;实际情况”。
We must face reality.(我们必须面对现实。)
② reality作可数名词,意为“现实事物;事实”。
His dream became a reality.(他的梦想变成了现实。)
固定搭配:① in reality(实际上;事实上)
In reality, he is very kind.(实际上,他很善良。)
② become a reality(成为现实)
Her wish became a reality.(她的愿望成了现实。)
③ face reality(面对现实)
You should face reality and work hard.(你应该面对现实,努力工作。)
词形变化:real adj. 真实的
really adv. 真正地
13、responsible
词义:① responsible作形容词,意为“有责任的;负责的;有责任心的”。
He is responsible for the project.(他负责这个项目。)
She is a responsible student.(她是一个有责任心的学生。)
固定搭配:① be responsible for sth.(对某事负责)
You are responsible for your own study.(你要对自己的学习负责。)
② be responsible to sb.(对某人负责)
Teachers are responsible to the school.(老师对学校负责。)
③ a responsible person(有责任心的人)
词形变化:responsibility n. 责任
responsibly adv. 负责地
易混淆词:① be responsible for与be responsible to
be responsible for表示“对某事负责”或“是……的原因”。
He is responsible for the mistake.(他对这个错误负责。)
be responsible to表示“对某人负责”。
You are responsible to your parents.(你对父母负责。)
14、rapid
词义:
① rapid作形容词,意为“快速的;迅速的”。
She made rapid progress in English.(她的英语进步很快。)
固定搭配:① rapid development(快速发展)
② rapid progress(快速进步)
③ rapid growth(快速增长)
词形变化:rapidly adv. 快速地
rapidity n. 迅速
易混淆词:
① rapid与fast
rapid强调速度快,常用于发展、变化。
There is rapid change.(变化很快。)
fast强调移动速度快。
He runs fast.(他跑得快。)
② rapid与quick
rapid强调过程迅速。
He made rapid progress.(他进步迅速。)
quick强调动作敏捷。
She gave a quick answer.(她快速回答。)
15、shape
词义:① shape作可数名词,意为“形状;外形”。
The cake is in the shape of a heart.(蛋糕是心形的。)
②shape作动词,意为“塑造;使成形”。
Parents shape their children's character.(父母塑造孩子的性格。)
固定搭配:① in the shape of(以……的形状)
She made a cake in the shape of a star.(她做了一个星星形状的蛋糕。)
② take shape(成形;形成)
The plan is taking shape.(计划正在成形。)
③ out of shape(变形;身体不好)
My bike is out of shape.(我的自行车变形了。)
④ shape ... into ...(把……塑造成……)
He shaped the clay into a bowl.(他把黏土塑成碗。)
词形变化:shaped adj. 有……形状的
shapeless adj. 无形状的
16、stone
词义:① stone作可数名词,意为“石头;石块”。
He threw a stone into the river.(他把一块石头扔进河里。)
固定搭配:① kill two birds with one stone(一石二鸟;一举两得)
By studying English and making friends, you kill two birds with one stone.(通过学英语和交朋友,你一举两得。)
② leave no stone unturned(想尽一切办法)
The police left no stone unturned to find the lost child.(警方想尽办法寻找失踪的孩子。)
易混淆词:① stone与rock
stone通常指小块石头或石料。
There are many stones on the beach.(海滩上有许多小石头。)
rock通常指大块岩石。
The ship hit a rock.(船撞上了岩石。)
17、expensive
词义:① expensive作形容词,意为“昂贵的;价格高的”。
The trip was expensive but enjoyable.(这次旅行很贵,但很愉快。)
固定搭配:① be expensive for sb.(对某人来说昂贵)
The bike is too expensive for a student.(这辆自行车对学生来说太贵了。)
② it is expensive to do sth.(做某事很花钱)
It is expensive to travel abroad.(出国旅行很花钱。)
易混淆词:
① expensive与dear
expensive指价格高,较正式。
The car is expensive.(这辆车很贵。)
dear在英式口语中也可指“贵的”,但还有“亲爱的”之意。
That shop is a bit dear.(那家店有点贵。)
词形变化:① expense n. 费用;花费
② expensively adv. 昂贵地
18、officer
词义:① officer作可数名词,意为“军官;官员;警官”。
My uncle is an army officer.(我叔叔是一名军官。)
固定搭配:① police officer(警官;警察)
The police officer stopped the car.(警官拦下了那辆车。)
② army officer(军官)
He wants to be an army officer.(他想成为一名军官。)
③ customs officer(海关官员)
The customs officer checked our bags.(海关官员检查了我们的包。)
易混淆词:
① officer与official
officer多指军官、警官等穿制服的人员。
The officer gave an order.(军官下达了命令。)
official多指政府官员、官方人员。
He is a government official.(他是一名政府官员。)
词形变化:① office n. 办公室
② official adj. 官方的;正式的 n. 官员
③ officer的复数形式为officers。
19、none
词义:① none作代词,意为“没有一个;毫无”。
None of the students was late.(没有一个学生迟到。)
I have none.(我一个也没有。)
固定搭配:
① none of ...(……中没有一个)
None of the books is interesting.(这些书没有一本有趣。)
② second to none(首屈一指;无人能比)
Her English is second to none in our class.(她的英语在我们班首屈一指。)
易混淆词:① none与no one
none既可指人也可指物,常与of连用。
None of us was/were late.(我们没人迟到。)
no one只指人,不与of连用,谓语用单数。
No one knows the answer.(没人知道答案。)
② none与neither
none指三者或三者以上“都不”。
None of the three boys came.(三个男孩都没来。)
neither指两者“都不”。
Neither of the two boys came.(两个男孩都没来。)
20、certain
词义:① certain作形容词,意为“确定的;确信的”。
She is certain of success.(她确信会成功。)
② certain作形容词或代词,意为“某些;某个”。
Certain students were absent.(某些学生缺席了。)
A certain teacher called you.(某位老师给你打了电话。)
固定搭配:
① be certain of/about(对……确信)
He is certain of winning the game.(他确信会赢得比赛。)
② for certain(肯定地;确切地)
I don't know for certain.(我不确切知道。)
③ a certain + 单数名词(某个)
A certain boy is waiting for you.(某个男孩在等你。)
词形变化:① certainly adv. 当然;肯定地
② certainty n. 确定性;确定的事
21、suitable
词义:① suitable作形容词,意为“合适的;适宜的”。
This book is suitable for children.(这本书适合儿童。)
The time is suitable for a picnic.(这个时间适合野餐。)
固定搭配:① be suitable for sb./sth.(适合某人/某物)
The film is not suitable for young children.(这部电影不适合小孩子。)
易混淆词:
① suitable与fit
suitable指适合某种目的、场合或人。
The dress is suitable for the party.(这条裙子适合派对。)
fit指尺寸、大小合身。
These shoes fit me well.(这双鞋很合脚。)
词形变化:① suit v. 适合
② suitably adv. 合适地
22、cheap
词义:① cheap作形容词,意为“便宜的;廉价的”。
These shoes are very cheap.(这双鞋很便宜。)
固定搭配:① cheap and cheerful(物美价廉)
The restaurant is cheap and cheerful.(这家餐馆物美价廉。)
② dirt cheap(非常便宜)
The clothes were dirt cheap in the sale.(促销时衣服非常便宜。)
③ on the cheap(便宜地;省钱地)
They traveled on the cheap.(他们省钱旅行。)
词形变化:① cheaply adv. 便宜地
② cheapness n. 便宜
易错点:
① 修饰price时用low,不用cheap。
23、later on
词义:① later on意为“后来;以后;稍后”。
Later on, he became a doctor.(后来他成了一名医生。)
I will tell you later on.(我稍后告诉你。)
固定搭配:
① a little later on(稍晚一点)
We can discuss it a little later on.(我们可以稍晚一点讨论这件事。)
易混淆词:
① later on与later
later on是副词短语,强调“后来”。
Later on, she changed her mind.(后来她改变了主意。)
later可作副词,意为“后来;稍后”,也可作形容词“更晚的”。
See you later.(待会儿见。)
② later on与after
after可作介词或连词,后面要接宾语或句子。
After dinner, we went out.(晚饭后我们出去了。)
later on独立作状语,后面不接宾语。
易错点:
① later on是副词短语,作状语,不能作定语。
24、speed up
词义:① speed up意为“加快速度;加速”。
Please speed up, or we will be late.(请快点,否则我们会迟到。)
固定搭配:① speed up the process(加快进程)
We need to speed up the process.(我们需要加快进程。)
易混淆词:
① speed up与hurry up
speed up多指车辆、机器、进程加速。
The car sped up.(汽车加速了。)
hurry up多指人赶快。
Hurry up! The bus is coming.(快点!公交车来了。)
易错点:
① speed up是“动词+副词”短语,接代词作宾语时,代词放中间,如speed it up。
25、result in
词义: result in意为“导致;造成”,in是介词,后接名词或动名词。
The accident resulted in three injuries.(这起事故导致三人受伤。)
The mistake resulted in losing the game.(这个错误导致输掉了比赛。)
易混淆词:① result in与result from
result in后接结果,意为“导致”。
The storm resulted in a lot of damage.(暴风雨造成了很多损失。)
result from后接原因,意为“由……造成”。
The damage resulted from the storm.(损失是由暴风雨造成的。)
② result in与lead to
result in和lead to都可表示“导致”,常可互换。
The rain resulted in/led to a flood.(大雨导致了洪水。)
26、lead to
词义:① lead to意为“导致;造成”。
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.(吃太多糖会导致健康问题。)
② lead to意为“通向;通往”。
This road leads to the park.(这条路通向公园。)
③ lead to意为“引领;带领到”。
The teacher led us to the library.(老师带我们去了图书馆。)
固定搭配:
① lead to sth.(导致某事)
Smoking can lead to serious illnesses.(吸烟会导致严重疾病。)
② lead to doing sth.(导致做某事)
His carelessness led to losing the match.(他的粗心导致输掉了比赛。)
③ lead sb. to do sth.(导致某人做某事)
What led you to choose this school?(是什么导致你选择这所学校?)
易混淆词:
① lead to与cause
cause直接接结果,意为“引起”。
The rain caused a flood.(大雨引起了洪水。)
lead to强调过程或结果。
The rain led to a flood.(大雨导致了洪水。)
易错点:
① lead to中to是介词,后接名词或动名词,不接动词原形。
27、birth
词义:
① birth作名词,意为“出生;诞生;起源;开始”。
The birth of the baby made the family happy.(婴儿的出生让全家高兴。)
The birth of the Internet changed the world.(互联网的诞生改变了世界。)
固定搭配:① give birth to(生下;产生)
She gave birth to a healthy boy.(她生下一个健康的男孩。)
② date of birth(出生日期)
Please write your date of birth here.(请在这里写下你的出生日期。)
③ at birth(出生时)
The baby weighed three kilos at birth.(婴儿出生时重三公斤。)
词形变化: birthday n. 生日
28、rapidly
词义:
① rapidly作副词,意为“快速地;迅速地”。
He ran rapidly to catch the bus.(他快速跑去赶公交车。)
固定搭配:① rapidly growing(快速增长的)
② rapidly changing(快速变化的)
③ increase rapidly(快速增加)
词形变化:① rapid adj. 快速的
29、afford
词义:① afford作动词,意为“买得起;负担得起;承担得起”。
Can you afford to buy a new phone?(你买得起新手机吗?)
固定搭配:① afford sth.(买得起某物)
We can't afford a new car.(我们买不起新车。)
② afford to do sth.(负担得起做某事)
He can't afford to travel abroad.(他负担不起出国旅行。)
③ can't afford to do sth.(不能承担做某事的后果)
You can't afford to waste time.(你不能浪费时间。)
词形变化:① affordable adj. 负担得起的
30、company
词义:① company作可数名词,意为“公司”。
My father works in a big company.(我爸爸在一家大公司工作。)
② company作不可数名词,意为“陪伴;同伴”。
I enjoy your company.(我喜欢你的陪伴。)
固定搭配:① keep sb. company(陪伴某人)
I will keep you company.(我会陪你。)
② in company with(与……一起)
He came in company with his friends.(他和朋友们一起来的。)
易混淆词:① company与firm
company泛指公司。
He works for a big company.(他在一家大公司工作。)
firm多指小公司或事务所。
She works for a law firm.(她在一家律师事务所工作。)
词形变化:① company作“公司”讲时复数为companies。
② accompany v. 陪伴
31、production
词义:① production作不可数名词,意为“生产;制造”。
The production of cars has increased.(汽车产量增加了。)
② production作可数名词,意为“作品;演出”。
This is a famous production.(这是一部著名作品。)
固定搭配:① in production(在生产中)
The new model is now in production.(新款正在生产中。)
② production line(生产线)
He works on the production line.(他在生产线上工作。)
易混淆词:① production与product
production指“生产”或“产量”。
The production of rice increased.(大米产量增加了。)
product指“产品”。
Their products are popular.(他们的产品很受欢迎。)
② production与produce
produce作动词,意为“生产”。
They produce cars.(他们生产汽车。)
词形变化:① produce v. 生产
② product n. 产品
32、widely
词义:① widely作副词,意为“广泛地;普遍地”。
The news spread widely.(消息广泛传播。)
固定搭配:① widely known(广为人知)
The Great Wall is widely known.(长城广为人知。)
② widely used(广泛使用)
③ widely spread(广泛传播)
易混淆词:
① widely与wide
widely表示“广泛地”,多用于抽象意义。
English is widely used.(英语被广泛使用。)
wide作副词时,常表示“充分地张开”。
Open your mouth wide.(把嘴张大。)
② widely与wide作形容词
wide是形容词,意为“宽的”。
The river is wide.(这条河很宽。)
词形变化:① wide adj. 宽的;广泛的
② widely adv. 广泛地
③ width n. 宽度
33、be looking to do sth
词义:① be looking to do sth.意为“打算做某事;期望做某事;正寻求做某事”。
We are looking to improve our English.(我们打算提高英语水平。)
The company is looking to hire new workers.(公司正寻求招聘新员工。)
固定搭配: be looking to sb. for sth.(指望某人给予某物)
We are looking to you for help.(我们指望你帮忙。)
易混淆短语:① be looking to do sth.与look forward to doing sth.
be looking to do sth.表示“打算、寻求做某事”,to后接动词原形。
We are looking to start a club.(我们打算创办一个俱乐部。)
look forward to doing sth.表示“期待做某事”,to是介词,后接动名词。
I look forward to seeing you.(我期待见到你。)
易错点:
① be looking to do sth.中to后接动词原形,不要与look forward to doing sth.混淆。be looking to中的to是不定式符号,不是介词。
单元单词、短语用法练习
一、根据提示填写单词
1.We should use fewer p________ bags to protect the environment.
2.You are s________ to finish your homework on time.
3.He turned the w________ to change the direction.
4.In r________, things are not always perfect.
5.Who is r________ for this mistake?
6.The river has a r________ flow after the heavy rain.
7.The cloud has the s________ of a horse.
8.He picked up a small s________ and threw it into the river.
9.People have made many important ________(发明) in history.
10.There are two ________(照相机) on the table.
11.The little robot can clean the room by ________(它自己).
12.These farms ________(生产) milk and eggs.
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
13.The telephone was a great ________ (invent).
14.The cat can open the door by ________ (it).
15.There is something wrong with my ________ (print).
16.These ________ (produce) are made in China.
17.You are ________ (suppose) to wear a seat belt in the car.
18.Many ________ (tourism) visit Beijing every year.
19.He ran ________ (rapid) to catch the bus.
20.The film is not ________ (suit) for children.
三、单项选择
21.The telephone is a great ________. It changed our life.
A.invention B.invitation C.instruction D.introduction
22.It's sunny today. You'd better wear your ________.
A.sunglasses B.gloves C.shoes D.hats
23.The door opened by ________. No one pushed it.
A.itself B.myself C.yourself D.himself
24.The toy is made of ________. It is light and cheap.
A.plastic B.gold C.iron D.stone
25.Many people visit Beijing, so ________ is important there.
A.tourism B.industry C.agriculture D.education
26.We should be ________ for our own actions.
A.responsible B.excited C.interested D.surprised
27.This watch is very ________. I can't afford it.
A.cheap B.expensive C.heavy D.old
28.There are ______ students in our school who take part in the volunteer work every year.
A.hundreds of B.hundred of C.two hundreds D.hundreds
29.The train began to ______ as it left the busy city and moved into the open country.
A.speed up B.slow down C.give up D.get up
30.Careless driving may ______ serious traffic accidents, so we must be careful on the road.
A.result in B.result from C.lead in D.take in
31.Staying up late every night can ________ poor grades and health problems.
A. lead to B. lead for C. lead with D. lead at
32.Many young people are looking to ________ their own business after they leave college.
A. start B. starting C. started D. starts
四、根据汉语提示完成句子。
33.我认为互联网是一项伟大的发明,它改变了我们的生活方式。
I think the Internet is ________ ________ ________, and it has changed our way of life.
34.这台新机器可以独自工作,并在没有别人操作的情况下完成整个任务。
This new machine can work ________ ________ and finish the whole task without anyone operating it.
35.我在桌子上发现了一个塑料袋,里面有一些苹果。
I found ________ ________ ________ on the table with some apples in it.
36.你不应该在图书馆里大声说话,因为其他人正在阅读。
You ________ ________ ________ to speak loudly in the library because others are reading.
37.司机应该时刻对乘客的安全负责。
Drivers should ________ ________ ________ the safety of their passengers at all times.
38.好习惯可以塑造一个人的生活,并帮助他将来成功。
Good habits can ________ ________ ________ and help him succeed in the future.
39.起初他讨厌英语,但后来他爱上了它。
At first he hated English, but ________ ________ he fell in love with it.
40.许多公司正在试图找到以更好方式降低成本的方法。
Many companies are ________ ________ reduce their costs in a better way.
$
Unit 5 Power of Ideas 重点单词、短语用法讲练
目录
· 单元重难点单词、短语用法讲解
将单词、短语分层列出,突出重点词汇,便于记忆。
详细讲解重点单词和短语的用法,把握单词、短语的考点,便于全面掌握。
· 单元单词、短语用法练习
通过以下练习,在具体的语境中巩固单词、短语的用法,加深对单词、短语的记忆和理解。
单元重难点单词、短语用法讲解
一、单元单词、短语分层列举
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. 课标重点单词、短语。
invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明;创造
camera /ˈkæmərə/ n. 照相机;摄影机
itself /ɪtˈself/ pron. 它自己
hundreds (of ...) 许多;大量
printer /ˈprɪntə(r)/ n. 打印机;印刷商
produce /prəˈdjuːs/ v. 生产;制造
plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ n. 塑料 adj. 塑料的
invent /ɪnˈvent/ v. 发明;编造
suppose /səˈpəʊz/ v. 认为;推断
be supposed to do / be sth 应当做(某事)或是(某物)
wheel /wiːl/ n. 车轮;轮子
tourism /ˈtʊərɪzəm/ n. 旅游业
reality /rɪˈæləti/ n. 现实;事实
responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 有责任的
responsible for sth 引起某事
rapid /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 迅速的;瞬间的
shape /ʃeɪp/v. 塑造 n. 形状
stone /stəʊn/ n. 石头;岩石
expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的;价格高的
officer /ˈɒfɪsə(r)/ n. 官员;军官
none /nʌn/ pron. 没有一个;毫无
certain /ˈsɜːtn/ adj. 某些;确定的 pron.(不提及人或事物的名称时用)某些
suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/ adj. 合适的;适宜的
cheap /tʃiːp/ adj. 便宜的 adv. 低廉地
later on 后来;其后
speed up(使)加速
result in 造成;导致
lead to 导致;造成
birth /bɜːθ/ n. 诞生;出现
rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/ adv. 迅速地;快速地
afford /əˈfɔːd/v. 买得起;能做
company /ˈkʌmpəni/ n. 公司;陪伴
production /prəˈdʌkʃn/ n. 生产;制作
widely /ˈwaɪdli/ adv. 广泛地;普遍地
be looking to do sth 试图找到做某事的方法
2. 非课标重点单词、短语。
laptop /ˈlæptɒp/ n. 笔记本电脑
high-speed train 高速列车
super /ˈsuːpə(r)/ adj. 超级的;顶好的
sunglasses /ˈsʌnɡlɑːsɪz/ n. 墨镜
button /ˈbʌtn/ n. 按钮;扣子
file /faɪl/ n.(计算机的)文件;文件夹
telephone /ˈtelɪfəʊn/ n. 电话
eastern /ˈiːstən/ adj. 东部的;东方的
layer /ˈleɪə(r)/ n. 层;表层
frozen /ˈfrəʊzn/ adj. 冻硬的;冰封的
melt /melt/ v.(使)融化;逐渐消失
pipe /paɪp/ n. 管道;管子;烟斗
economic /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ adj. 经济的;经济学的
gain /ɡeɪn/ v. 获得;取得
papermaking /ˈpeɪpəˌmeɪkɪŋ/ n. 造纸工艺;造纸业
bronze /brɒnz/ n. 青铜
ware /weə(r)/ n. 制品;陶器
jute /dʒuːt/ n. 黄麻纤维
fibre /ˈfaɪbə(r)/ (=fiber) n. 纤维
workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ n. 作坊;讲习班
ideal /aɪˈdiːəl/ adj. 理想的;最合适的 n. 理想;完美的人(或事物)
bark /bɑːk/ n. 树皮
liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ n. 液体 adj. 液体的
creation /kriˈeɪʃn/ n. 创造;作品
Arab /ˈærəb/ adj. 阿拉伯的 n. 阿拉伯人
sticky /ˈstɪki/ adj. 黏(性)的;闷热的
songbook /ˈsɒŋbʊk/ n. 歌曲集
gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地;逐步地
glider /ˈɡlaɪdə(r)/ n. 滑翔机
二、重点单词、短语用法讲解
1、invention
词义:① invention作不可数名词,意为“发明;创造”。
The invention of the telephone changed our life.(电话的发明改变了我们的生活。)
The computer is a great invention.(电脑是一项伟大的发明。)
固定搭配:① the invention of(……的发明)
I am interested in the invention of the wheel.(我对轮子的发明很感兴趣。)
② make an invention(做出发明)
He made an important invention.(他做出了一项重要发明。)
③ a great invention(一项伟大的发明)
词形变化:invent v. 发明
inventor n. 发明家
inventive adj. 有发明才能的
易混淆词:① invention与discovery
invention指发明原本不存在的东西。
The invention of the light bulb was important.(电灯泡的发明很重要。)
discovery指发现原本存在但未被知道的东西。
The discovery of America was a big event.(美洲的发现是一件大事。)
2、camera
词义:① camera作可数名词,意为“照相机;摄像机”。
She took photos with her camera.(她用相机拍了照片。)
固定搭配:① take a photo with a camera(用相机拍照)
He took a photo with his camera.(他用相机拍了一张照片。)
② digital camera(数码相机)
3、itself
词义:① itself作反身代词,意为“它自己;它本身”。
The problem itself is not difficult.(问题本身并不难。)
固定搭配:① by itself(独自;自动地)
The door opened by itself.(门自动开了。)
② in itself(本身;本质上)
The idea is good in itself.(这个想法本身是好的。)
词形变化:it pron. 它
its adj. 它的
itself pron. 它自己
4、hundreds (of ...)
词义:① hundreds of ...意为“数百的;成百上千的”,后接可数名词复数。
Hundreds of students took part in the activity.(数百名学生参加了这次活动。)
② hundred前有具体数字时,用单数,不加of。
Two hundred students came to the meeting.(两百名学生来参加了会议。)
固定搭配:① hundreds of(数百;成百上千)
Hundreds of people visit the park every day.(每天有数百人参观这个公园。)
② two/three/... hundred(两百/三百……)
There are three hundred students in our grade.(我们年级有三百名学生。)
③ several hundred(几百)
Several hundred birds flew over the lake.(几百只鸟飞过湖面。)
易混淆词:① hundreds of与two hundred
hundreds of表示不确定的数百。
Hundreds of people came.(数百人来了。)
two hundred表示具体两百。
Two hundred people came.(两百人来了。)
5、printer
词义:① printer作可数名词,意为“打印机”。
Please connect the printer to the computer.(请把打印机连接到电脑上。)
② printer作可数名词,意为“印刷工;印刷商”。
He works as a printer in a factory.(他在一家工厂当印刷工。)
固定搭配:① print out(打印出来)
Please print out the document.(请把文件打印出来。)
词形变化:print v. 打印;印刷
printer n. 打印机
printing n. 印刷
6、produce
词义:① produce作动词,意为“生产;制造;产生”。
This factory produces cars.(这家工厂生产汽车。)
② produce作不可数名词,意为“农产品”。
The farmer sells fresh produce.(农民出售新鲜农产品。)
固定搭配:① produce goods(生产商品)
② produce a result(产生结果)
The experiment produced a good result.(实验产生了好的结果。)
词形变化:product n. 产品
production n. 生产
producer n. 生产者
易混淆词:① produce与product
produce是动词,意为“生产”。
They produce shoes.(他们生产鞋子。)
product是名词,意为“产品”。
Their products are popular.(他们的产品很受欢迎。)
7、plastic
词义:① plastic作不可数名词,意为“塑料”。
This bottle is made of plastic.(这个瓶子是用塑料做的。)
② plastic作形容词,意为“塑料的”。
I bought a plastic bag.(我买了一个塑料袋。)
固定搭配:① plastic bag(塑料袋)
② plastic pollution(塑料污染)
③ made of plastic(由塑料制成)
The toy is made of plastic.(这个玩具是塑料做的。)
8、invent
词义:① invent作动词,意为“发明;创造”。
He invented a new game.(他发明了一个新游戏。)
固定搭配:① invent sth.(发明某物)
Who invented the telephone?(谁发明了电话?)
词形变化:invention n. 发明
inventor n. 发明家
易混淆词:
① invent与discover
invent指发明原本不存在的东西。
He invented a new machine.(他发明了一台新机器。)
discover指发现原本存在的东西。
Columbus discovered America.(哥伦布发现了美洲。)
9、suppose
词义:① suppose作动词,意为“猜想;认为;假设”。
Suppose you are a teacher, what will you do?(假设你是一名老师,你会怎么做?)
② suppose用于be supposed to结构,意为“应该”。
You are supposed to finish your homework on time.(你应该按时完成作业。)
固定搭配:
① I suppose (that)...(我想/我认为……)
I suppose that she will come.(我想她会来。)
② be supposed to do/ be sth
We are supposed to be quiet in the library.(我们在图书馆应该保持安静。)
be supposed to do sth.意为“应该做某事;被期望做某事”。
Students are supposed to hand in homework on time.(学生应该按时交作业。)
You are not supposed to run in the hallways.(你不应该在走廊里跑。)
be supposed to be sth.意为“应该是某物;被认为是某物”。
This is supposed to be the best film of the year.(这应该是今年最好的电影。)
词形变化:supposed adj. 应该的;假定的
易错点:
be supposed to中to后接动词原形。否定在be后加not。疑问把be提前。
10、wheel
词义:① wheel作可数名词,意为“轮子;车轮”。
The car has four wheels.(汽车有四个轮子。)
11、tourism
词义:① tourism作不可数名词,意为“旅游业;旅游”。
Tourism is important to our city.(旅游业对我们城市很重要。)
固定搭配:① tourism industry(旅游业)
The tourism industry is growing fast.(旅游业发展迅速。)
② develop tourism(发展旅游业)
The city is trying to develop tourism.(这座城市正在努力发展旅游业。)
词形变化:tour n./v. 旅行
tourist n. 游客
tourism n. 旅游业
12、reality
词义:① reality作不可数名词,意为“现实;实际情况”。
We must face reality.(我们必须面对现实。)
② reality作可数名词,意为“现实事物;事实”。
His dream became a reality.(他的梦想变成了现实。)
固定搭配:① in reality(实际上;事实上)
In reality, he is very kind.(实际上,他很善良。)
② become a reality(成为现实)
Her wish became a reality.(她的愿望成了现实。)
③ face reality(面对现实)
You should face reality and work hard.(你应该面对现实,努力工作。)
词形变化:real adj. 真实的
really adv. 真正地
13、responsible
词义:① responsible作形容词,意为“有责任的;负责的;有责任心的”。
He is responsible for the project.(他负责这个项目。)
She is a responsible student.(她是一个有责任心的学生。)
固定搭配:① be responsible for sth.(对某事负责)
You are responsible for your own study.(你要对自己的学习负责。)
② be responsible to sb.(对某人负责)
Teachers are responsible to the school.(老师对学校负责。)
③ a responsible person(有责任心的人)
词形变化:responsibility n. 责任
responsibly adv. 负责地
易混淆词:① be responsible for与be responsible to
be responsible for表示“对某事负责”或“是……的原因”。
He is responsible for the mistake.(他对这个错误负责。)
be responsible to表示“对某人负责”。
You are responsible to your parents.(你对父母负责。)
14、rapid
词义:
① rapid作形容词,意为“快速的;迅速的”。
She made rapid progress in English.(她的英语进步很快。)
固定搭配:① rapid development(快速发展)
② rapid progress(快速进步)
③ rapid growth(快速增长)
词形变化:rapidly adv. 快速地
rapidity n. 迅速
易混淆词:
① rapid与fast
rapid强调速度快,常用于发展、变化。
There is rapid change.(变化很快。)
fast强调移动速度快。
He runs fast.(他跑得快。)
② rapid与quick
rapid强调过程迅速。
He made rapid progress.(他进步迅速。)
quick强调动作敏捷。
She gave a quick answer.(她快速回答。)
15、shape
词义:① shape作可数名词,意为“形状;外形”。
The cake is in the shape of a heart.(蛋糕是心形的。)
②shape作动词,意为“塑造;使成形”。
Parents shape their children's character.(父母塑造孩子的性格。)
固定搭配:① in the shape of(以……的形状)
She made a cake in the shape of a star.(她做了一个星星形状的蛋糕。)
② take shape(成形;形成)
The plan is taking shape.(计划正在成形。)
③ out of shape(变形;身体不好)
My bike is out of shape.(我的自行车变形了。)
④ shape ... into ...(把……塑造成……)
He shaped the clay into a bowl.(他把黏土塑成碗。)
词形变化:shaped adj. 有……形状的
shapeless adj. 无形状的
16、stone
词义:① stone作可数名词,意为“石头;石块”。
He threw a stone into the river.(他把一块石头扔进河里。)
固定搭配:① kill two birds with one stone(一石二鸟;一举两得)
By studying English and making friends, you kill two birds with one stone.(通过学英语和交朋友,你一举两得。)
② leave no stone unturned(想尽一切办法)
The police left no stone unturned to find the lost child.(警方想尽办法寻找失踪的孩子。)
易混淆词:① stone与rock
stone通常指小块石头或石料。
There are many stones on the beach.(海滩上有许多小石头。)
rock通常指大块岩石。
The ship hit a rock.(船撞上了岩石。)
17、expensive
词义:① expensive作形容词,意为“昂贵的;价格高的”。
The trip was expensive but enjoyable.(这次旅行很贵,但很愉快。)
固定搭配:① be expensive for sb.(对某人来说昂贵)
The bike is too expensive for a student.(这辆自行车对学生来说太贵了。)
② it is expensive to do sth.(做某事很花钱)
It is expensive to travel abroad.(出国旅行很花钱。)
易混淆词:
① expensive与dear
expensive指价格高,较正式。
The car is expensive.(这辆车很贵。)
dear在英式口语中也可指“贵的”,但还有“亲爱的”之意。
That shop is a bit dear.(那家店有点贵。)
词形变化:① expense n. 费用;花费
② expensively adv. 昂贵地
18、officer
词义:① officer作可数名词,意为“军官;官员;警官”。
My uncle is an army officer.(我叔叔是一名军官。)
固定搭配:① police officer(警官;警察)
The police officer stopped the car.(警官拦下了那辆车。)
② army officer(军官)
He wants to be an army officer.(他想成为一名军官。)
③ customs officer(海关官员)
The customs officer checked our bags.(海关官员检查了我们的包。)
易混淆词:
① officer与official
officer多指军官、警官等穿制服的人员。
The officer gave an order.(军官下达了命令。)
official多指政府官员、官方人员。
He is a government official.(他是一名政府官员。)
词形变化:① office n. 办公室
② official adj. 官方的;正式的 n. 官员
③ officer的复数形式为officers。
19、none
词义:① none作代词,意为“没有一个;毫无”。
None of the students was late.(没有一个学生迟到。)
I have none.(我一个也没有。)
固定搭配:
① none of ...(……中没有一个)
None of the books is interesting.(这些书没有一本有趣。)
② second to none(首屈一指;无人能比)
Her English is second to none in our class.(她的英语在我们班首屈一指。)
易混淆词:① none与no one
none既可指人也可指物,常与of连用。
None of us was/were late.(我们没人迟到。)
no one只指人,不与of连用,谓语用单数。
No one knows the answer.(没人知道答案。)
② none与neither
none指三者或三者以上“都不”。
None of the three boys came.(三个男孩都没来。)
neither指两者“都不”。
Neither of the two boys came.(两个男孩都没来。)
20、certain
词义:① certain作形容词,意为“确定的;确信的”。
She is certain of success.(她确信会成功。)
② certain作形容词或代词,意为“某些;某个”。
Certain students were absent.(某些学生缺席了。)
A certain teacher called you.(某位老师给你打了电话。)
固定搭配:
① be certain of/about(对……确信)
He is certain of winning the game.(他确信会赢得比赛。)
② for certain(肯定地;确切地)
I don't know for certain.(我不确切知道。)
③ a certain + 单数名词(某个)
A certain boy is waiting for you.(某个男孩在等你。)
词形变化:① certainly adv. 当然;肯定地
② certainty n. 确定性;确定的事
21、suitable
词义:① suitable作形容词,意为“合适的;适宜的”。
This book is suitable for children.(这本书适合儿童。)
The time is suitable for a picnic.(这个时间适合野餐。)
固定搭配:① be suitable for sb./sth.(适合某人/某物)
The film is not suitable for young children.(这部电影不适合小孩子。)
易混淆词:
① suitable与fit
suitable指适合某种目的、场合或人。
The dress is suitable for the party.(这条裙子适合派对。)
fit指尺寸、大小合身。
These shoes fit me well.(这双鞋很合脚。)
词形变化:① suit v. 适合
② suitably adv. 合适地
22、cheap
词义:① cheap作形容词,意为“便宜的;廉价的”。
These shoes are very cheap.(这双鞋很便宜。)
固定搭配:① cheap and cheerful(物美价廉)
The restaurant is cheap and cheerful.(这家餐馆物美价廉。)
② dirt cheap(非常便宜)
The clothes were dirt cheap in the sale.(促销时衣服非常便宜。)
③ on the cheap(便宜地;省钱地)
They traveled on the cheap.(他们省钱旅行。)
词形变化:① cheaply adv. 便宜地
② cheapness n. 便宜
易错点:
① 修饰price时用low,不用cheap。
23、later on
词义:① later on意为“后来;以后;稍后”。
Later on, he became a doctor.(后来他成了一名医生。)
I will tell you later on.(我稍后告诉你。)
固定搭配:
① a little later on(稍晚一点)
We can discuss it a little later on.(我们可以稍晚一点讨论这件事。)
易混淆词:
① later on与later
later on是副词短语,强调“后来”。
Later on, she changed her mind.(后来她改变了主意。)
later可作副词,意为“后来;稍后”,也可作形容词“更晚的”。
See you later.(待会儿见。)
② later on与after
after可作介词或连词,后面要接宾语或句子。
After dinner, we went out.(晚饭后我们出去了。)
later on独立作状语,后面不接宾语。
易错点:
① later on是副词短语,作状语,不能作定语。
24、speed up
词义:① speed up意为“加快速度;加速”。
Please speed up, or we will be late.(请快点,否则我们会迟到。)
固定搭配:① speed up the process(加快进程)
We need to speed up the process.(我们需要加快进程。)
易混淆词:
① speed up与hurry up
speed up多指车辆、机器、进程加速。
The car sped up.(汽车加速了。)
hurry up多指人赶快。
Hurry up! The bus is coming.(快点!公交车来了。)
易错点:
① speed up是“动词+副词”短语,接代词作宾语时,代词放中间,如speed it up。
25、result in
词义: result in意为“导致;造成”,in是介词,后接名词或动名词。
The accident resulted in three injuries.(这起事故导致三人受伤。)
The mistake resulted in losing the game.(这个错误导致输掉了比赛。)
易混淆词:① result in与result from
result in后接结果,意为“导致”。
The storm resulted in a lot of damage.(暴风雨造成了很多损失。)
result from后接原因,意为“由……造成”。
The damage resulted from the storm.(损失是由暴风雨造成的。)
② result in与lead to
result in和lead to都可表示“导致”,常可互换。
The rain resulted in/led to a flood.(大雨导致了洪水。)
26、lead to
词义:① lead to意为“导致;造成”。
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.(吃太多糖会导致健康问题。)
② lead to意为“通向;通往”。
This road leads to the park.(这条路通向公园。)
③ lead to意为“引领;带领到”。
The teacher led us to the library.(老师带我们去了图书馆。)
固定搭配:
① lead to sth.(导致某事)
Smoking can lead to serious illnesses.(吸烟会导致严重疾病。)
② lead to doing sth.(导致做某事)
His carelessness led to losing the match.(他的粗心导致输掉了比赛。)
③ lead sb. to do sth.(导致某人做某事)
What led you to choose this school?(是什么导致你选择这所学校?)
易混淆词:
① lead to与cause
cause直接接结果,意为“引起”。
The rain caused a flood.(大雨引起了洪水。)
lead to强调过程或结果。
The rain led to a flood.(大雨导致了洪水。)
易错点:
① lead to中to是介词,后接名词或动名词,不接动词原形。
27、birth
词义:
① birth作名词,意为“出生;诞生;起源;开始”。
The birth of the baby made the family happy.(婴儿的出生让全家高兴。)
The birth of the Internet changed the world.(互联网的诞生改变了世界。)
固定搭配:① give birth to(生下;产生)
She gave birth to a healthy boy.(她生下一个健康的男孩。)
② date of birth(出生日期)
Please write your date of birth here.(请在这里写下你的出生日期。)
③ at birth(出生时)
The baby weighed three kilos at birth.(婴儿出生时重三公斤。)
词形变化: birthday n. 生日
28、rapidly
词义:
① rapidly作副词,意为“快速地;迅速地”。
He ran rapidly to catch the bus.(他快速跑去赶公交车。)
固定搭配:① rapidly growing(快速增长的)
② rapidly changing(快速变化的)
③ increase rapidly(快速增加)
词形变化:① rapid adj. 快速的
29、afford
词义:① afford作动词,意为“买得起;负担得起;承担得起”。
Can you afford to buy a new phone?(你买得起新手机吗?)
固定搭配:① afford sth.(买得起某物)
We can't afford a new car.(我们买不起新车。)
② afford to do sth.(负担得起做某事)
He can't afford to travel abroad.(他负担不起出国旅行。)
③ can't afford to do sth.(不能承担做某事的后果)
You can't afford to waste time.(你不能浪费时间。)
词形变化:① affordable adj. 负担得起的
30、company
词义:① company作可数名词,意为“公司”。
My father works in a big company.(我爸爸在一家大公司工作。)
② company作不可数名词,意为“陪伴;同伴”。
I enjoy your company.(我喜欢你的陪伴。)
固定搭配:① keep sb. company(陪伴某人)
I will keep you company.(我会陪你。)
② in company with(与……一起)
He came in company with his friends.(他和朋友们一起来的。)
易混淆词:① company与firm
company泛指公司。
He works for a big company.(他在一家大公司工作。)
firm多指小公司或事务所。
She works for a law firm.(她在一家律师事务所工作。)
词形变化:① company作“公司”讲时复数为companies。
② accompany v. 陪伴
31、production
词义:① production作不可数名词,意为“生产;制造”。
The production of cars has increased.(汽车产量增加了。)
② production作可数名词,意为“作品;演出”。
This is a famous production.(这是一部著名作品。)
固定搭配:① in production(在生产中)
The new model is now in production.(新款正在生产中。)
② production line(生产线)
He works on the production line.(他在生产线上工作。)
易混淆词:① production与product
production指“生产”或“产量”。
The production of rice increased.(大米产量增加了。)
product指“产品”。
Their products are popular.(他们的产品很受欢迎。)
② production与produce
produce作动词,意为“生产”。
They produce cars.(他们生产汽车。)
词形变化:① produce v. 生产
② product n. 产品
32、widely
词义:① widely作副词,意为“广泛地;普遍地”。
The news spread widely.(消息广泛传播。)
固定搭配:① widely known(广为人知)
The Great Wall is widely known.(长城广为人知。)
② widely used(广泛使用)
③ widely spread(广泛传播)
易混淆词:
① widely与wide
widely表示“广泛地”,多用于抽象意义。
English is widely used.(英语被广泛使用。)
wide作副词时,常表示“充分地张开”。
Open your mouth wide.(把嘴张大。)
② widely与wide作形容词
wide是形容词,意为“宽的”。
The river is wide.(这条河很宽。)
词形变化:① wide adj. 宽的;广泛的
② widely adv. 广泛地
③ width n. 宽度
33、be looking to do sth
词义:① be looking to do sth.意为“打算做某事;期望做某事;正寻求做某事”。
We are looking to improve our English.(我们打算提高英语水平。)
The company is looking to hire new workers.(公司正寻求招聘新员工。)
固定搭配: be looking to sb. for sth.(指望某人给予某物)
We are looking to you for help.(我们指望你帮忙。)
易混淆短语:① be looking to do sth.与look forward to doing sth.
be looking to do sth.表示“打算、寻求做某事”,to后接动词原形。
We are looking to start a club.(我们打算创办一个俱乐部。)
look forward to doing sth.表示“期待做某事”,to是介词,后接动名词。
I look forward to seeing you.(我期待见到你。)
易错点:
① be looking to do sth.中to后接动词原形,不要与look forward to doing sth.混淆。be looking to中的to是不定式符号,不是介词。
单元单词、短语用法练习
一、根据提示填写单词
1.We should use fewer p________ bags to protect the environment.
【答案】plastic
【详解】句意:我们应该少用塑料袋来保护环境。根据首字母p和“bags”可知,此处用形容词plastic修饰bags,意为“塑料的”。fewer后接可数名词复数,plastic形式不变。故填plastic。
2.You are s________ to finish your homework on time.
【答案】supposed
【详解】句意:你应该按时完成作业。根据首字母s和“are...to”可知,此处用固定搭配be supposed to do,意为“应该做某事”。be后接过去分词supposed。故填supposed。
3.He turned the w________ to change the direction.
【答案】wheel
【详解】句意:他转动轮子来改变方向。根据首字母w和“turned the”可知,此处指轮子。wheel是可数名词,the后接单数形式。故填wheel。
4.In r________, things are not always perfect.
【答案】reality
【详解】句意:实际上,事情并不总是完美的。根据首字母r和“In...things are”可知,此处用固定短语in reality,意为“实际上;事实上”。reality为名词,形式不变。故填reality。
5.Who is r________ for this mistake?
【答案】responsible
【详解】句意:谁对这个错误负责?根据首字母r和“for this mistake”可知,此处用固定搭配be responsible for。Who作主语时,be动词用is,后接形容词responsible。故填responsible。
6.The river has a r________ flow after the heavy rain.
【答案】rapid
【详解】句意:大雨后河流流速很快。根据首字母r和“flow”可知,此处用形容词rapid修饰flow,意为“迅速的”。a后接形容词原级加名词。故填rapid。
7.The cloud has the s________ of a horse.
【答案】shape
【详解】句意:那朵云有马的形状。根据首字母s和“the...of a horse”可知,此处用名词shape,意为“形状”。固定搭配the shape of意为“……的形状”,the后接单数。故填shape。
8.He picked up a small s________ and threw it into the river.
【答案】stone
【详解】句意:他捡起一块小石头,把它扔进了河里。根据首字母s和“a small”可知,此处指石头。stone是可数名词,a small后接单数形式。故填stone。
9.People have made many important ________(发明) in history.
【答案】inventions
【详解】句意:人们在历史上做出了许多重要发明。汉语“发明”对应 invention,many 后接可数名词复数,且 make inventions 表示“做出发明”,此处指多项发明,所以用 inventions。故填 inventions。
10.There are two ________(照相机) on the table.
【答案】cameras
【详解】句意:桌子上有两台照相机。汉语“照相机”对应 camera,two 后接可数名词复数,camera 的复数是 cameras。故填 cameras。
11.The little robot can clean the room by ________(它自己).
【答案】itself
【详解】句意:这个小机器人能自己打扫房间。汉语“它自己”对应 itself,主语 The little robot 是单数,by itself 表示“靠自己”。故填 itself。
12.These farms ________(生产) milk and eggs.
【答案】produce
【详解】句意:这些农场生产牛奶和鸡蛋。汉语“生产”对应 produce,主语 These farms 是复数,句子陈述一般事实,用一般现在时,动词用原形 produce。故填 produce。
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
13.The telephone was a great ________ (invent).
【答案】invention
【详解】句意:电话是一项伟大的发明。括号给的invent是动词“发明”;空格前有a great,需要名词作表语;invent的名词形式是invention,意为“发明”。故填invention。
14.The cat can open the door by ________ (it).
【答案】itself
【详解】句意:这只猫能自己打开门。括号给的it是代词“它”;by oneself是固定搭配,意为“独自;自己”;it的反身代词是itself。故填itself。
15.There is something wrong with my ________ (print).
【答案】printer
【详解】句意:我的打印机出毛病了。括号给的print是动词“打印”;my后接名词,表示“打印机”;print的名词形式是printer。故填printer。
16.These ________ (produce) are made in China.
【答案】products
【详解】句意:这些产品是中国制造的。括号给的produce是动词“生产”;These后接可数名词复数,表示“产品”;produce的名词形式是product,复数是products。故填products。
17.You are ________ (suppose) to wear a seat belt in the car.
【答案】supposed
【详解】句意:在车里你应该系安全带。括号给的suppose是动词“认为”;be supposed to是固定搭配,意为“应该”;空格处用过去分词supposed作表语。故填supposed。
18.Many ________ (tourism) visit Beijing every year.
【答案】tourists
【详解】句意:每年许多游客参观北京。括号给的tourism是名词“旅游业”;Many后接可数名词复数,表示“游客”;tourism的相关名词是tourist,复数是tourists。故填tourists。
19.He ran ________ (rapid) to catch the bus.
【答案】rapidly
【详解】句意:他迅速跑着去赶公交车。括号给的rapid是形容词“迅速的”;空格修饰动词ran,需要副词;rapid的副词形式是rapidly,意为“迅速地”。故填rapidly。
20.The film is not ________ (suit) for children.
【答案】suitable
【详解】句意:这部电影不适合儿童。括号给的suit是动词“适合”;is后接形容词作表语,be suitable for意为“适合”;suit的形容词形式是suitable。故填suitable。
三、单项选择
21.The telephone is a great ________. It changed our life.
A.invention B.invitation C.instruction D.introduction
【答案】A
【详解】句意:电话是一项伟大的发明。它改变了我们的生活。invention发明;invitation邀请;instruction指示;introduction介绍。根据“telephone”和“changed our life”可知电话是改变生活的伟大发明,不是邀请、指示或介绍。故选A。
22.It's sunny today. You'd better wear your ________.
A.sunglasses B.gloves C.shoes D.hats
【答案】A
【详解】句意:今天阳光充足。你最好戴上你的墨镜。sunglasses墨镜;gloves手套;shoes鞋;hats帽子。根据“sunny”可知阳光强,需要戴墨镜保护眼睛,手套、鞋和帽子不直接防阳光刺眼。故选A。
23.The door opened by ________. No one pushed it.
A.itself B.myself C.yourself D.himself
【答案】A
【详解】句意:门自己开了。没有人推它。itself它自己;myself我自己;yourself你自己;himself他自己。主语“door”是物,用it指代,by itself表示“自己、独自地”。其他反身代词人称不符。故选A。
24.The toy is made of ________. It is light and cheap.
A.plastic B.gold C.iron D.stone
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这个玩具是用塑料制成的。它又轻又便宜。plastic塑料;gold金子;iron铁;stone石头。根据“light and cheap”可知塑料轻便便宜,金子、铁和石头较重或昂贵。故选A。
25.Many people visit Beijing, so ________ is important there.
A.tourism B.industry C.agriculture D.education
【答案】A
【详解】句意:许多人参观北京,所以旅游业在那里很重要。tourism旅游业;industry工业;agriculture农业;education教育。根据“Many people visit Beijing”可知与游客相关的是旅游业,不是工业、农业或教育。故选A。
26.We should be ________ for our own actions.
A.responsible B.excited C.interested D.surprised
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们应该对自己的行为负责。responsible有责任的;excited兴奋的;interested感兴趣的;surprised惊讶的。根据“our own actions”可知要对自己的行为负责,be responsible for是固定搭配。故选A。
27.This watch is very ________. I can't afford it.
A.cheap B.expensive C.heavy D.old
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这块手表很贵。我买不起。cheap便宜的;expensive昂贵的;heavy重的;old旧的。根据“I can't afford it”可知买不起是因为价格高,不是便宜、重或旧。应填expensive。故选B。
28.There are ______ students in our school who take part in the volunteer work every year.
A.hundreds of B.hundred of C.two hundreds D.hundreds
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们学校每年有许多学生参加志愿工作。hundreds of 许多;hundred of 搭配错误;two hundreds 应改为 two hundred;hundreds 不能直接修饰名词。根据 students 和 every year 可知表示大量学生,应选 hundreds of。正确答案是A。
29.The train began to ______ as it left the busy city and moved into the open country.
A.speed up B.slow down C.give up D.get up
【答案】A
【详解】句意:火车离开繁忙城市进入开阔乡村时开始加速。speed up 加速;slow down 减速;give up 放弃;get up 起床。根据 left the busy city 和 moved into the open country 可知火车加速,应选 speed up。正确答案是A。
30.Careless driving may ______ serious traffic accidents, so we must be careful on the road.
A.result in B.result from C.lead in D.take in
【答案】A
【详解】句意:粗心驾驶可能导致严重交通事故,所以我们在路上必须小心。result in 导致;result from 由……引起;lead in 引入;take in 吸收或欺骗。根据 careless driving 和 accidents 的因果关系可知,粗心驾驶导致事故,应选 result in。正确答案是A。
31.Staying up late every night can ________ poor grades and health problems.
A. lead to B. lead for C. lead with D. lead at
【答案】A。
【详解】句意:每晚熬夜会导致成绩差和健康问题。A lead to表示导致、造成;B lead for、C lead with、D lead at搭配错误。根据Staying up late和poor grades的因果,应选lead to。故选A。
32.Many young people are looking to ________ their own business after they leave college.
A. start B. starting C. started D. starts
【答案】A。
【详解】句意:许多年轻人大学毕业后正试图开创自己的生意。A start是动词原形;B starting是动名词;C started是过去式;D starts是三单。be looking to do sth中to后接动词原形,表示试图找到做某事的方法。故选A。
四、根据汉语提示完成句子。
33.我认为互联网是一项伟大的发明,它改变了我们的生活方式。
I think the Internet is ________ ________ ________, and it has changed our way of life.
【答案】 a great invention
【详解】原句中“一项伟大的发明”是关键词,对应a great invention。I think后接宾语从句,the Internet作从句主语,is为系动词,a great invention作表语;a修饰单数可数名词invention,great作定语。故填a;great;invention。
34.这台新机器可以独自工作,并在没有别人操作的情况下完成整个任务。
This new machine can work ________ ________ and finish the whole task without anyone operating it.
【答案】 by itself
【详解】原句中“独自”是关键词,对应by itself。by itself作状语,修饰work;and连接work和finish两个动词原形。without anyone operating it表示没有别人操作。故填by;itself。
35.我在桌子上发现了一个塑料袋,里面有一些苹果。
I found ________ ________ ________ on the table with some apples in it.
【答案】 a plastic bag
【详解】原句中“一个塑料袋”是关键词,对应a plastic bag。found后接宾语,a plastic bag表示一个塑料袋;a修饰bag,plastic作定语。with some apples in it作后置定语。故填a;plastic;bag。
36.你不应该在图书馆里大声说话,因为其他人正在阅读。
You ________ ________ ________ to speak loudly in the library because others are reading.
【答案】 are not supposed
【详解】原句中“不应该”是关键词,对应be not supposed to do sth。主语You,be动词用are;not表示否定;supposed为过去分词,后面to speak已给出。because引导原因状语从句。故填are;not;supposed。
37.司机应该时刻对乘客的安全负责。
Drivers should ________ ________ ________ the safety of their passengers at all times.
【答案】 be responsible for
【详解】原句中“对……负责”是关键词,对应be responsible for。should后接动词原形be;responsible作表语,for后接the safety of their passengers。at all times作时间状语。故填be;responsible;for。
38.好习惯可以塑造一个人的生活,并帮助他将来成功。
Good habits can ________ ________ ________ and help him succeed in the future.
【答案】 shape his life
【详解】原句中“塑造一个人的生活”是关键词,对应shape one's life。can后接动词原形shape;one's根据后文him变为his;life作宾语。and连接shape和help两个动词原形。故填shape;his;life。
39.起初他讨厌英语,但后来他爱上了它。
At first he hated English, but ________ ________ he fell in love with it.
【答案】 later on
【详解】原句中“后来”是关键词,对应later on。later on作时间状语,表示后来、其后;but连接转折分句。he fell in love with it为一般过去时,表示后来爱上了英语。故填later;on。
40.许多公司正在试图找到以更好方式降低成本的方法。
Many companies are ________ ________ reduce their costs in a better way.
【答案】 looking to
【详解】原句中“试图找到做某事的方法”是关键词,对应be looking to do sth。are后接looking,构成现在进行时;to后接动词原形reduce。their costs作宾语,in a better way作方式状语。故填looking;to。
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