专题02 Units 3～4（期中复习讲义）七年级英语上学期新教材沪教版

专题02 Units 3~4（期中复习讲义） 01 复习目标锚定 02 核心考点精讲 03 限时分层演练 基础固本 / 综合进阶 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 高频词汇： 掌握自然、季节、环境类名词；‑ed/‑ing 类形容词；名词后缀‑y、‑ful、‑less 构词变形；同根词：pollute‑pollution，harm‑harmful‑harmless，peace‑peaceful 等。 2. 高频固定短语： be busy with/doing；keep 相关短语；go‑+doing；in fact；be divided into；be based on；be home to；millions of；what’s more；as far as I know；provide sb. with sth.；stop doing /stop to do；be harmful to。 3. 核心句型： It is +adj. +(for/of sb.) to do sth.；There be 句型；疑问词 + to do；百分数+ of 名词作主语；比较级+ and +比较级（越来越……）。 4. 易混辨析：‑ed与‑ing形容词；alive/lively/live/living；for example与such as；reach/get to/arrive in/arrive at；provide offer；stop doing与stop to do；hundred/thousand/million确数、概数。 复习难点： 1. 区分 It is +adj. +for sb. to do 和 It is +adj. +of sb. to do。 2. There be 就近原则、句式变换，注意 there be 不与 have 混用。 3. 非谓语动词辨析：stop to do /stop doing；keep doing /keep sb. from doing；疑问词 + to do 结构。 4. 百分数作主语时谓语动词单复数判断；be divided into、be covered by 被动结构理解运用。 5. 形容词位置规则：复合不定代词后形容词后置；enough 作副词要后置；各类形容词后缀词形变换。 考情规律 词汇运用：侧重考查形容词在语境中用法辨析，非谓语与短语固定搭配的考查。 句型转换/翻译：常考 it 作形式主语；疑问词 + to do；There be 句型转换；固定动词短语；for example/such as 辨析；汉译英。 1. It is exciting to take a trip in the countryside in springtime.在春天，去乡村旅行是令人兴奋的。 Life there is very peaceful and relaxing.那里的生活是安静和令人放松的。 【用法详解】 ①辨析-ed形容和-ing 形容词 以后缀-ed结尾的形容词，通常用于说明人的感受，常作表语 以后缀-ing结尾的形容词，主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，常作定语或表语 【一言辨析】‑ed 修饰人表 “感到……”，‑ing 修饰物表 “令人……”。 We felt excited to watch the exciting movie. 观看这部令人激动的电影，我们感到很兴奋。 ✨小提醒：少数情况下ing 也可以修饰人，描述人的特质： He is an interesting boy. 他是一个很有趣的男孩。（指这个人本身“令人觉得有趣”，不是男孩自己感到有趣） ② peaceful：形容词，意为 “宁静的；平静的；安宁的” ✅ 词根：peace n. 和平；宁静 ✅ 词形变化：peace (名词)+‑ful（形容词后缀）→ peaceful (形容词) →(副词)peacefully 平静地；安宁地 【即时训练】 用所给词的正确形式填空。 （1）I feel ________ (excite) about the ________ (excite) school trip. （2）The movie is so ________ (bore). I feel ________ (bore). （3）After the long walk, he is ________ (tire), and the ________ (tire) work makes him want to sleep. （4） Everyone loves the ________ (peace) life in the countryside. （5） People live ________ (peace) in this small town. 2.Farmers are busy with the harvest. 农民们忙着收获。 【用法详解】 ① be busy with + 名词：忙于某事 👉同义短语：be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 My mother is busy with housework. = ___________________________________________________.妈妈忙于家务。 ②harvest ▪️n. 收获；收成（本句中为名词） Farmers get a good harvest this year. 农民今年获得大丰收。 ▪️v. 收割；收获 They harvest rice in autumn. 他们在秋天收割水稻。 【即时训练】用所给词的正确形式填空或填入一个适当的词。 （1）My father is busy ________ his work. （2）They are busy ________ (plant) trees in spring. （3）Farmers get ________ good harvest every autumn. 3. It is exciting to go skiing then.那时去滑雪令人兴奋。 【用法详解】go +动词-ing形式表示进行一项活动或动作。 ✅常见搭配： go skiing 去滑雪 go swimming 去游泳 go boating 去划船 go camping 去露营 go hiking 去远足 go fishing 去钓鱼 go shopping 去购物 go climbing 去爬山 【即时训练】 用所给词的正确形式填空。 （1）We often go ________ (hike) on holidays. （2）It is great fun ________ (go) camping in summer. （3）Would you like to go ________ (fish) with me this weekend? 4.Everything is alive.万物生机勃勃。 【用法详解】 ① everything 不定代词，意为 “一切；所有事物”。 everything作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Everything is OK. 一切都好。 ②alive： adj. 活着的；生机勃勃的。只作表语，不能放在名词前作定语。 【易混辨析】 词汇 词性 含义及用法 alive adj. “活着的；有生气的”。多作表语，多用于指人，也可指物 lively adj. “活泼的；轻快的；生机勃勃的”。既可指人，也可指物。 live v. /lɪv/ ①“居住”。live in 居住在…… ②“过着”。live a happy life 过着幸福的生活 adj. /laɪv/ ③现场直播的 a live show 一场现场演出 living adj. “活着的；现存的”。可作定语（前置修饰名词），也可作表语，可修饰人或生物例：all living things 所有生物 【即时训练】 ( )1．In the forest fire, many animals went into the river to keep ________. A．alive B．lives C．lively D．to live ( )2. All ________ things need water and sunshine on the Earth. A. alive B. living C. lively D. live ( )3. She is a ________ girl and she is good at dancing. A. alive B. living C. lively D. live ( )4. This is a ________ football match. We can watch it on TV right now. A. alive B. living C. lively D. live ( )5. Everything ________ changing all the time around us. A. is B. are C. was D. were 5.The trees have a lot of green leaves, and they can help keep me cool on sunny days.树上有很多绿叶，在阳光灿烂的日子里，它们可以让我保持凉爽。 【用法详解】 ① leaf n. 树叶 → leaves（复数） ② keep me cool：让我保持凉爽 【用法】keep +宾语+形容词（作宾补）：使某人 / 某物保持某种状态 We should keep our classroom clean. 我们应该保持教室干净。 【拓展】 【即时训练】 用所给词的正确形式填空。 （1）There are many ______ (leaf) on the ground in autumn. （2）We must keep ourselves ______ (health). （3）The heavy rain keeps him from ______ (go) out. （4）She keeps ______ (practise) English every day. 6.In fact, the year is divided into 24 parts, based on where the sun is in the sky.事实上，一年被划分为 24 个时段，其划分依据是太阳在天空中的位置。 【用法详解】 ① in fact 事实上；实际上（短语，常用于句首/句中，补充说明事实），同义表达：actually；in reality。 In fact, I don’t know him at all. 事实上，我根本不认识他。 ② be divided into 被划分为……（被动语态） divide ... into ... 把 A 分成 B（主动）； ... be divided into ... A 被分成 B（被动） The class is divided into four groups. 这个班级被分成四组。 ③(be) based on 以…… 为依据；基于…… 本句中based on…是过去分词短语作状语。 This story is based on real life. 这个故事基于真实生活。 补充：where the sun is in the sky 是宾语从句，作介词 on 的宾语，宾语从句使用陈述语序。 【即时训练】单句语法填空 （1）________ fact, spring is my favourite season. （2）A year ________ (divide) into four seasons. （3）His idea is based ________ the old story. （4）The big apple is divided ________ two halves. 7.For example, they help farmers decide when to plant their crops. 例如，它们能帮助农民决定何时播种作物。 【用法详解】 ①辨析for example 和such as Many students like outdoor activities. For example, they love hiking. 很多学生喜欢户外活动。例如，他们喜爱远足。 I like outdoor sports such as hiking and fishing. 我喜欢像远足、钓鱼这类的户外运动。 ✅一言辨析：for example 举事例，带逗号；such as 列名词/动名词，无逗号。 ②decide v. 决定 →名词形式：decision n. 决定 ✅ 常用搭配 (1)decide to do sth. 决定做某事（后接不定式 to do） He decides to plant more crops. 他决定种更多庄稼。 (2)decide + 疑问词 + to do sth. 决定……（本句考点：decide when to plant） They decide when to plant their crops. 他们决定何时播种庄稼。 (3)decide (that) + 宾语从句 决定…… She decides that she will go hiking tomorrow. 她决定明天去远足。 (4)make a decision 做决定 He makes a big decision. 他做了一个重大决定。 ③“when to plant”为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中作decide的宾语；动词不定式可以接在疑问词what, how, when,where, which等后面，在句中作宾语。 I don't know what to do.我不知道该做什么。 【即时训练】 一、用所给词的正确形式填空。 (1) He decided ________ (visit) the farm next week. (2) I can’t decide ________ book I should choose. 二、单项选择 ( )1. I like many kinds of flowers, ________ roses and sunflowers. A. for example B. such as C. example D. as example ( )2. We can do many things to keep our city clean. ________, we can stop throwing rubbish everywhere. A. Such as B. For example C. Like D. As 8.The tallest trees in the world can reach over 100 metres in height. 【用法详解】 ①辨析reach, get to, arrive in, arrive at reach, get to, arrive in, arrive at 都有“到达”的意思。具体用法如下： reach 及物动词，后面直接加表示地点的词。即“reach+地点”。 get to get 是不及物动词，后接表示地点的名词时要与介词to 连用，即“get to+地点”。 arrive in/ at arrive 是不及物动词，后接表地点的名词时需要加介词in/ at。arrive in+ 大地点； arrive at+ 小地点。 注意： ①．get, arrive 后接表示地点的副词时，如 here，there，home等，不需要加任何介词。如：get home，arrive there。 ②．arrive 也可以单独使用。如： When did you arrive last night？ ②over: 超过= more than ③长、宽、高等的表达方式 在英语中，表示长、宽、高等时，主要有两种表达方式： 基数词+单位词+形容词（long, wide, high, deep等）；基数词+单位词+in+名词（length, width, height, depth等）。单位词有 meter, foot, inch, kilogram等。 例如：两米高 two meters high/two meters in height 10米深 ten meters deep/ ten meters in depth 【即时训练】 ( ) 1.When did you ______ Shanghai last night? A. arrive in B. reach to C. get D. arrive to ( ) 2. My father ______ home at 7 o’clock yesterday. A. arrived at B. got to C. reached D. arrived in ( ) 3. The wall is ten meters ______. It is ten meters ______ length. A. high; in B. height; in C. high; of D. height; of 9.About 70％ of the Earth is covered by the sea.地球表面大约70%的地方被海洋覆盖。 【用法详解】 ①百分号％读作percent [pəˈsɛnt]，百分数作主语时，谓语动词要与它所指代的名词的单复数保持一致。 70 percent of the earth is covered by water. 地球 70% 被水覆盖。（of 后 earth 单数 → 谓语用 is） Sixty percent of the students are girls. 百分之六十的学生是女生。（of 后 students 复数 → 谓语用 are） ②be covered by含义：被…… 所覆盖，是被动语态。 The mountain is covered by snow in winter.这座山冬天被大雪覆盖。 【即时训练】 一、单句语法填空 1.Thirty percent of the land ________ (be) green. 2.Fifty percent of the trees ________ (be) tall. 3.The ground ________ (cover) with fallen leaves in autumn. 10.The Earth is home to millions of animals.地球是数百万动物的家园。 【用法详解】 ① be home to … 是…… 的家园；是…… 的栖息地 This forest is home to many birds.这片森林是许多鸟类的家园。 ②millions of 数百万的 【用法辨析】 用法 例子 hundreds/thousands/millions of “数百/数千/数百万”表示不确定的数目时，前面不用基数词，其后加-s，且和of连用 基数词+hundred/thousand/mi lion “百/千/百万”表示确切数字时，前面用基数词其后不加-s，也不和of连用 【即时训练】 （ ）1．In their school, many students come from Chongqing, but about three ________ students come from Sichuan. A．hundred B．hundreds C．hundred of D．hundreds of （ ）2. people watched Shenzhou Ⅸ spacecraft into space successfully in the world. A．Billion B．Billions C．Billion of D．Billions of （ ）3.This wetland ________ many kinds of rare birds. A. is home to B. is home for C. are home to D. are home for 11. And what's more, the Earth provides us with all the things we need, such as food, water, air and energy.更重要的是，地球为我们提供了所有我们需要的东西，如食物、水、空气和能源。 【用法详解】 ①what's more 更重要的是=more importantly ②provide及物动词，意为“提供”。 【常用搭配】provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物. 【拓展】辨析provide、offer的用法 用法 例句 provide 通常指为某人提供有用或需要的东西。 常用于provide sb. with sth.或provide sth. for sb.结构中。 The school provides students with free books. = The school provides free books for students. 学校为学生提供免费书籍。 offer 侧重主动提出意见、帮助或所需的东西。常用于 offer sb. sth 或offer sth. to sb. 结构中。 He offered me some useful advice. = He offered some useful advice to me. 他主动给我提了一些有用的建议。 【即时训练】 一、同义句转换 1.The farm provides us with fresh vegetables. = The farm ________ fresh vegetables ________ us. 2.He offered me a cup of hot tea. = He ________ a cup of hot tea ________ me. 二、单项选择 ( )1. What’s ______, we can plant more trees to protect the environment. A. many B. more C. much D. most ( )2. The centre ______ homeless people ______ food and clothes every year. A. provides; with B. offers; with C. provides; for D. offers; for 12.As far as we know, out of all the planets in the solar system, only one, the Earth,can support life. (P.52) 【用法详解】 ①as far as sb. know 意为“据某人所知”，通常用作插入语，放在句首或句末。 As far as I know, this river is the longest in the city.据我所知，这条河是这座城市里最长的河流。 ②the solar system 太阳系 （固定专有名词，必须加 the） 【即时训练】 1.据我所知，这个森林里有许多野生动物。(句子翻译) As far as I know, there are many wild animals in this forest. 13.There is more and more plastic pollution in the sea. 海洋中的塑料污染越来越多。 fewer and fewer fish in the sea 海里越来越少的鱼 less and less forest land 越来越少的林地 more and more harmful gases 越来越多的有害的气体 【用法详解】 ①“比较级十and+比较级”表示事物程度的变化，意为“越来越……" 规则： 单音节/部分双音节形容词：比较级 + and + 比较级 bigger and bigger 越来越大 fewer and fewer 越来越少（修饰可数名词复数） less and less 越来越少（修饰不可数名词） 多音节形容词：more and more + 形容词原级 more and more beautiful 越来越美丽 ② plastic pollution 塑料污染 plastic /ˈplæstɪk/adj. 塑料的；n. 塑料 pollution /pəˈluːʃn/n. 污染（不可数名词）→ pollute v. 污染 拓展词组： white pollution 白色污染air pollution 空气污染 water pollution 水污染 We should do something to stop plastic pollution.我们应该做些事来阻止塑料污染。 ③harmful：adj. 有害的 固定搭配：be harmful to… 对…… 有害 词根变形：harm n./v. 伤害；损害 → harmful adj. 有害的 → harmless adj. 无害的 These harmful gases are bad for our health.这些有害气体对我们的健康有害。 Smoking is harmful to your body.吸烟对你的身体有害。 【即时训练】 ( )1. There is ______ pollution in the river, so ______ fish can live there. A. more and more; fewer and fewer B. fewer and fewer; more and more C. less and less; more and more D. more and more; less and less ( )2. Watching too much screen is harmful ______ your eyes. A. for B. to C. with D. at 14. factories stop polluting rivers and lakes 工厂停止污染河流和湖泊 【用法辨析】stop to do / stop doing 短语 含义 用法说明 例句 stop doing sth 意为 “停止做某事” 表示停止正在做的事 Please stop playing games. It's time for homework.请停止玩游戏，该写作业了。 stop to do sth 意为 “停下来去做某事” 表示停止现在正在进行的行动去做另一件事，不定式 to do 表示目的 She stopped to help the old man carry bags.她停下来帮老人提袋子。 【即时训练】 一、用所给词的正确形式填空 (1) The students stopped ________ (talk) when the teacher came in. (2) He stopped ________ (have) a rest after long‑time work. 15.Grammar：形容词的基本用法和常用句型 一．形容词的定义 形容词是表示人或事物的性质、状态，一般置于它所修饰的名词之前作定语，或连系动词之后作表语。 二、形容词的用法 1、形容词作定语 (1)大多数形容词作定语修饰名词时，其位置在被修饰的名词前，说明名词的品质或特征。 　　She is a tall girl.她是一个高个子女孩。　 He is a good teacher.他是一名好老师。 (2)但在下列情况下，形容词却放在它所修饰的名词之后。 　 a. 当被修饰的词是不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing等复合不定代词的形容词，作定语时要后置。 I would like something cheap.我想要点便宜的东西。　 Is there anything new in that book?那本书里有什么新东西吗？　　 b. 形容词短语作定语时，要放在所修饰的名词的后面。这些形容词短语多由“形容词+介词/不定式符号”构成。 　　　It’s a problem difficult to solve.这是个难以解决的问题。 I have a lot of things to buy. 我有很多东西要买。 (3)enough作形容词修饰名词时，一般位于名词前。 　　　We have enough time.我们有足够的时间。 　enough还可以作副词，修饰形容词或副词，此时enough要后置。 John's old enough to take care of himself. 约翰长大了，能照顾自己了。 2.形容词作表语 　①.形容词作表语，常位于连系动词be(am, is, are), become, get, turn,look, keep, seem等词的后面，说明主语的特征、状态或身份。 The food is delicious.这种食物美味可口。　 The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。 　 Generally speaking, it is cold in the north, it is warm in the south. 一般来说，北方天气冷，南方天气暖和。 ②． -ed结尾和-ing结尾形容词用法辨析 1）以-ing结尾的形容词一般用来修饰“物”，说明事物的性质，特征。 例如：This is an interesting storybook.这是一本有趣的故事书。 2）以-ed结尾的形容词一般用来修饰“人”，表示人的某种状态。 例如：I am very interested in this storybook.我对这本故事书很感兴趣。 3.作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。 如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁) 二.常用句型 句型“It is +adj.（形容词）+to do sth.（不定式短语）” 　 这个句型中，常用important, interesting, exciting, nice, easy, hard, good, useful, wrong, right, important等形容词。 It is dangerous to climb this hill.爬这座山很危险。 　 It is nice to eat ice cream or fresh fruit in summer. 在夏天，吃冰淇淋或新鲜的水果很不错。 It is great to go on a family outing at this time of year. 每年的这个时候，全家一起出门远足真是开心极了。 a.此句型中，如果表语是kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, polite等描述性格、品质的形容词，则应在不定式前加of sb.　　“It is +adj. +of sb. + to do sth.”某人做某事是…… 　　　 如： It is very kind of you to help me.你能帮我太好了。 　　　　 It’s clever of you to do so.你这样做真聪明。 b. 如果形容词表示“对某人而言”，描述的是事情的性质，可在动词不定式前加一个for sb　“It is +adj. +for sb. +to do sth.”对某人来说做某事是…… It's difficult for us to finish the work.对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。 　　　 It’s hard for me to answer your question.对我来说，要回答你的问题很难。 三．【拓展】形容词基本构词法 1.在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词（尤其是一些与天气有关的名词） rain—rainy多雨的，cloud—cloudy多云的，health—healthy健康的，luck—lucky幸运的 注意：①如果名词以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，这时应双写词尾的辅音 字母再加-y。 如：sun—sunny晴朗的，fog—foggy有雾的，fun—funny有趣的； ②如果以不发音的字母e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉e再加y。 如： noise—noisy吵闹的,　ice—icy冰冷 2.一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词。 如： care—careful小心的，thank—thankful感谢的，help—helpful有帮助的 3.一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍、语言的形容词。 　如： China—Chinese，Japan—Japanese, England—English, America—American 4. 在名词后加-ous变为形容词。 如： danger--dangerous 5.在名词后加-ly变为形容词。 如：friend—friendly, love—lovely(以-ly结尾的还有lonely, lively) 6.在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义形容词。 如：care—careless粗心的, use—useless无用的 【即时训练】 一、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1.Some food words are ________ (interest). I like reading them. 2.Studying ________ (live) things is interesting for me when we have Biology lessons. 3.I’m looking for articles which are ________ (help) for my study on birds. 4.It is ________ (danger) to swim in the deep river alone. 5.It’s ________ (sun) today. Let’s go to the park. 二、单项选择 （ ）1．There isn’t ________ in this country this year. A．enough rain B．rain enough C．rainy enough D．enough rains （ ）2．Mike is ________ to see his missing car. A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising D．to surprise （ ）3．The movie is so ________ that all the children are ________ in it. A．interested; interesting B．interesting; interested C．interesting; interesting D．interested; interested （ ）4．________ is important for us to learn safety knowledge. A．This B．That C．It D．One （ ）5.It’s important ________ wild animals. A．protect B．to protect C．protecting D．Protected 16. There be 句型 一、There be 句型结构 1. There is+a/an+单数可数名词+地点状语 There is a ruler on the desk. 书桌上有一把尺。 There is more and more plastic pollution in the sea. 海洋中的塑料污染越来越多。 (p.53) 2.There are+复数可数名词+地点状语 There are fields and mountains,rivers and seas, forests and deserts.（p.53） 有田野和山脉，有河流和海洋，有森林和沙漠。 There are some flowers in the park. 公园里有许多花。 3.There is + 不可数名词 +地点状语  例：There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。 二、There be 句型的否定形式 在be后面加not即可，is not =isn’t，are not= aren’t 注意：句中如果出现some则改成any. 1.There is a knife in the kitchen.厨房里有一把刀。 →否定:There is not a knife in the kitchen. 2. There is some ink in the bottle. 瓶子里有墨水。 →否定:There is not any ink in the bottle.  三、There be就近原则： 重点考点：There be句型中，几个名词并列时，be的单复数形式由最近名词单复数决定。如：There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk. 本句中有钢笔、书和铅笔，离be最近的是单数a pen，因此，be动词用单数is。 四、There be 句型的疑问句及回答 （1） 一般疑问句 把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。当肯定句中有some时，要改为any（否定变化也一样）。 There is some water on Mars.(火星上有一些水)→Is there any water on  Mars?(火星上有水吗？） There are some fish in the water.(水里有一些鱼）→Are there any fish in the water?(水里有鱼吗?)（二）There be 句型的回答  肯定回答：Yes, there is/are. 否定回答: No, there isn’t/aren’t. (三）特殊疑问句 提问There be 句型的特殊疑问句形式常有以下三种变化： 1. 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用“Who”提问；当主语是物时，用“What”。 注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，提问时一般都用be的单数形式，回答时根据实际情况来决定。 There are many things over there.（那边有很多东西）→What's over there?（那边是什么？） There is a little girl in the room.（房间里有个小女孩）→Who is in the room?（谁在房间里？） 3. 对地点提问：提问地点用“Where is/are+主语”。 There is a computer on the desk.（桌子上有一台电脑）→Where is the computer？（电脑在哪里？）3.对数量提问： How many+复数名词+are there+地点短语？ How much+不可数名词+is there+地点短语？ There are two chairs in the bedroom.卧室里有两把椅子。 →How many chairs are there in the bedroom?卧室里有多少把椅子？ 【即时训练】 一、单项选择 （ ）1.There _______ a computer on every student’s desk in the future. A．is B．was C．will be D．will have （ ）2.There ________ a ruler and two pencils in my pencil box. A．has B．have C．is D．are （ ）3.Let’s save pandas! There ________ only about 2,000 pandas living in the forests now. A．am B．is C．are D．have （ ）4.—Sam, is there a music hall in your school? —________. It’s on the right of the science building. A．Yes, there is B．No, there isn’t C．Yes, it is D．No, it isn’t （ ）5. —Are there any apples on the table? —________. There are only some oranges. A. Yes, there are B. No, there aren’t C. Yes, they are D. No, they aren’t 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．Don’t lose heart, son. There (be) always a way out. 2．Lucy, there (be) too many things on the desk. Please put them away. 3．There (be) some bread on the table. You can have some. 4．Our headteacher is old. There (be not) much hair on his head. 5． (be) there any toy shops in the supermarket? 三、按要求完成句子。 1.There are sixty pictures in the box. （对画线部分提问） pictures in the box? 2. There is some water in the cup. (改为一般疑问句) 3. —Is there a bird in the tree? (作否定回答) —No, . 4. There is a smart whiteboard next to the blackboard. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) — a smart whiteboard next to the blackboard? —Yes, . 基础固本练（限时：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．It is ________ to travel to the top of the Canton Tower because we can enjoy the beautiful views of our city. A．excited B．exciting C．excitedly D．excitingly 2．Her voice always sounds ________ when she greets people. A．loudly B．friendly C．softly D．quickly 3．It’s exciting to play on the beach in the ________ weather. A．sun B．sunny C．suny D．cloud 4.He reached Shanghai last night. A．got B．arrived in C．arrived at D．touched 5．In our hometown, villagers leave for big cities to look for jobs. A．two hundreds of B．hundred of C．hundreds of D．two hundreds 6．We must ________ the Earth because it’s our only home. A．protect B．pollute C．waste D．destroy 7.The Earth ________ us with food, water and air. We must protect it. A．provides B．gives C．offers D．supports 8.Farmers are busy ________ crops in autumn every year. A．harvest B．harvesting C．to harvest D．harvested 9.There ________ lots of interesting books on that shelf. A．have B．is C．has D．are 10.The new smartphone is not ________ and I don’t have ________ to buy it. A．cheap enough; enough money B．expensive enough; money enough C．enough cheap; enough money D．enough expensive; money enough 二、选词填空 从方框中选择适当的词或短语，并用其正确形式填空，每词仅用一次。 pollute, protect, generation, energy, survive, chemical, cut down, sandstorm, ocean, provide 1．The Earth us with clean water and fresh air every day. 2．Bad air and water make it hard for animals to in the wild. 3．Farmers should not use too many harmful on their farms. 4．If people keep trees, more deserts will appear. 5．In northern China, strong winds often bring terrible in spring. 6．We must take action our only home—the Earth. 7．Burning gas and oil creates useful for human beings. 8．Many kinds of fish live in the deep . 9．Never throw rubbish into rivers, or we will the clean water. 10．My grandma is the first of workers in this forest station. 综合进阶练（限时：30分钟） 一、语法选择 Zhanjiang Mangrove (红树林) National Nature Reserve is one of the most important nature reserves in Guangdong. It is 1 beautiful home for over 300 kinds of plants and 400 kinds of animals. Many rare birds live here, 2 it’s also a great place to watch birds. Mangrove trees are 3 . They grow in salty water near the sea. 4 long roots can hold the soil well. This can stop the land from washing away. Also, mangroves help keep the air and water clean. They are like “guardians” of the coast. Many people are interested in these amazing trees because 5 their special abilities. Every year, many visitors 6 to Zhanjiang to visit the reserve. When they go there, guides often tell them 7 to protect the environment. Visitors shouldn’t 8 flowers or cut down trees. They must keep the place tidy. It is important for everyone 9 the reserve. If we take good care of it, the mangroves 10 more and more beautiful. And the animals can have a safe home forever. Let’s work hard to protect this wonderful nature reserve together. 1．A．/ B．a C．an D．the 2．A．or B．if C．so D．but 3．A．special B．specially C．more special D．most special 4．A．They B．Them C．Their D．Theirs 5．A．in B．of C．for D．with 6．A．came B．come C．comes D．will come 7．A．how B．what C．when D．where 8．A．pick B．picked C．picking D．to pick 9．A．protect B．protected C．protecting D．to protect 10．A．become B．became C．becomes D．will become 二、完形填空 阅读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The Earth is an amazing planet. It is our home and the only planet we know that can 1 life. The Earth is about 4.5 2 years old. It travels around the Sun in the solar system. About 70% of the Earth is covered by 3 , and the rest is land. There are many different places on Earth: some are very hot near the equator, and some are 4 cold at the poles. There are mountains, rivers, seas, forests and 5 . The Earth is home to millions of 6 . Some live on land, some fly in the sky, and some live in the sea. The plants on Earth are also wonderful. The 7 trees can reach over 100 metres, and the smallest plants are as small as a grain of rice. The Earth 8 us with all the things we need, such as food, water, air and energy. 9 , our planet is facing many problems, like air pollution and water pollution. We should do our best to 10 the Earth. Let’s take action now! 1．A．support B．give C．have D．keep 2．A．million B．billion C．thousand D．hundred 3．A．land B．clouds C．the sea D．forests 4．A．slowly B．quickly C．freezing D．warmly 5．A．houses B．deserts C．cities D．towns 6．A．plants B．animals C．people D．trees 7．A．tallest B．shortest C．smallest D．biggest 8．A．offers B．gives C．provides D．sends 9．A．And B．But C．What’s more D．However 10．A．pollute B．protect C．explore D．destroy 三、阅读理解 Protecting Our Amazing Home The Earth is the only planet we know that can support life. It gives us clean air, fresh water, rich soil and all the resources we need to live. However, human activities are putting our planet in great danger. Climate change is one of the biggest problems. The Earth’s temperature is rising because of too much carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the air. This comes from burning fossil fuels (like coal, oil and gas) for cars, factories and electricity. Rising temperatures cause glaciers to melt, sea levels to rise, and more extreme weather, such as heavy rains, droughts and heatwaves. Pollution is another serious problem. Plastic waste is filling our oceans, killing sea animals and polluting our food chain. Air pollution from cars and factories makes people sick, especially children and the elderly. Water pollution from chemicals and waste makes rivers and lakes unsafe to drink from. Deforestation is also a big threat. People cut down millions of trees every year to make space for farms, buildings and roads. Trees absorb CO₂ and produce oxygen, so losing them makes climate change worse. It also destroys the homes of millions of animals, pushing many species to the edge of extinction. The good news is that everyone can help protect the Earth. We can reduce our use of plastic, save water and electricity, walk or bike instead of driving, and plant more trees. Small actions from every person can add up to big changes. Let’s work together to take care of our amazing home, so that future generations can also enjoy a healthy and beautiful planet. 1．What is the main problem caused by rising temperatures according to the passage? A．More plastic waste in oceans. B．Melting glaciers and rising sea levels. C．Less oxygen from trees. D．More trees are being cut down. 2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of pollution? A．Burning fossil fuels for cars. B．Plastic waste in oceans. C．Chemicals in water. D．Planting too many trees. 3．What does the underlined word “deforestation” probably mean in Chinese? A．森林火灾 B．森林砍伐 C．森林保护 D．森林恢复 4．Why are trees important to the Earth according to the passage? A．They can absorb CO₂ and produce oxygen. B．They can stop all extreme weather. C．They can make sea levels lower. D．They can clean all plastic waste. 5．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce the causes of climate change. B．To show the beauty of the Earth. C．To call on people to protect the Earth. D．To explain the dangers of plastic pollution. B Four Seasons, Different Joys People around the world experience four seasons in a year, but each season brings different joys and activities to different groups of people. Spring is the season of renewal. When the cold winter ends, the temperature rises, snow melts, and plants begin to grow. For farmers, spring is the busiest time of the year — they plough the fields, sow seeds, and prepare for a year of harvest. For children, spring means outdoor adventures: flying kites in the warm wind, picking wild flowers in the hills, and going on school trips to the countryside. Many people also choose to go hiking in spring, as the weather is mild and the scenery is full of life. Summer is the season of energy and fun. The long days and hot sun make it perfect for outdoor activities. Families often go to the beach to swim, build sandcastles, and enjoy the sea breeze. Teenagers love summer because they have a long holiday — they can play sports, go camping, or take summer courses. For many people, summer is also a time for delicious food: fresh watermelons, cold ice cream, and sweet berries are all popular treats. However, summer can also bring extreme weather, such as heavy rainstorms and heatwaves, so people need to stay safe. Autumn is the season of harvest and beauty. The weather becomes cool and dry, and the leaves on the trees turn into bright colours — red, orange, and gold. Farmers are busy harvesting crops like wheat, corn, and fruits. Families often go apple picking or have picnics in the park to enjoy the autumn scenery. For many people, autumn is also a time for reflection: after a busy summer, they can slow down and enjoy the quiet beauty of nature. Some animals, like squirrels, start to store food for the cold winter, while birds fly to warm places to spend the winter. Winter is the season of peace and celebration. In many places, it snows heavily, covering the ground in white. Children are the happiest in winter — they make snowmen, have snowball fights, and go skiing or skating. For adults, winter is a time to stay warm indoors, spend time with family, and celebrate festivals like Christmas and the Spring Festival. Some animals, such as bears and snakes, hibernate through the winter, waiting for the warm spring to come. No matter what the season is, there is always something special to enjoy. The changing seasons teach us to appreciate the beauty of nature and live in harmony with the world around us. 1．What do farmers usually do in spring according to the passage? A．They harvest crops like wheat and corn. B．They plough fields and sow seeds. C．They store food for the cold winter. D．They go hiking in the countryside. 2．Why does the writer mention extreme weather in summer? A．To show summer is the best season for outdoor activities. B．To warn people to stay safe in summer. C．To explain why people love summer holidays. D．To compare summer with other seasons. 3．What does the underlined word “hibernate” probably mean in Chinese? A．迁徙 B．觅食 C．冬眠 D．繁殖 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Summer is always cool and comfortable for everyone. B．Squirrels fly to warm places to spend the winter. C．Autumn is a season of harvest and quiet beauty. D．Children don’t like winter because of the cold weather. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce different activities and features of four seasons. B．To compare the differences between four seasons. C．To explain why summer and winter are the most popular seasons. D．To teach people how to deal with extreme weather in different seasons. C Saihanba: From Desert to Green Forest Saihanba, a place in northern Hebei, has an amazing story. It used to be a dry desert, but now it’s one of the biggest man-made forests in the world. Its journey shows how people can change the environment for the better. Hundreds of years ago, Saihanba was a lush forest. Emperors often went there to hunt because it was full of trees and wild animals. But in the 1800s, things changed. Big forest fires broke out, and wars happened in the area. People also cut down many trees to build houses and make firewood. Slowly, the trees disappeared, and Saihanba turned into a desert. The desert caused big problems for nearby places, especially Beijing. Every spring, strong sandstorms blew from Saihanba to Beijing. The sand covered roads, made the air dirty, and even damaged houses. People in Beijing had to wear masks whenever a sandstorm came. The government knew they needed to fix this. In the early 1960s, a group of 369 scientists and young people went to Saihanba. Their goal was to plant trees and turn the desert back into a forest. But the work was hard. Saihanba’s weather was terrible: winter temperatures dropped to -40°C, and strong winds blew away young trees. Many people got sick from the cold and dry air, but no one gave up. They tried different trees to see which could live in the desert. At first, most trees died. But the team kept trying. Finally, they found that larch and pine trees could survive. They planted these trees carefully, one by one. Every year, more people joined them. Three generations of workers spent their lives planting trees in Saihanba. Their hard work paid off. Today, Saihanba is a green paradise with over 189,000 acres of forest. The forest makes clean air and water for nearby cities. It also stops sandstorms from reaching Beijing—there are now half as many sandstorms as before. Saihanba is also home to deer, foxes, and over 200 kinds of birds. In 2017, Saihanba won a big award from the UN for its great work in environmental protection. Today, people from all over the world come to visit. They learn about Saihanba’s story and see how people can make the Earth greener. 1．Why did Saihanba turn into a desert in the 1800s? A．There was no rain for years. B．Emperors hunted too many animals. C．Fires, wars, and tree cutting caused it. D．Sandstorms from Beijing covered it. 2．What problem did the Saihanba desert bring to Beijing? A．It caused floods in Beijing. B．It brought sandstorms to Beijing every spring. C．It made Beijing’s summer too hot. D．It polluted Beijing’s rivers. 3．What trees did workers plant successfully in Saihanba? A．Apple and pear trees. B．Larch and pine trees. C．Bamboo and willow trees. D．Oak and maple trees. 4．What award did Saihanba win in 2017? A．An award from the UN for environmental protection. B．A prize for the biggest forest. C．A prize for the best farm. D．An award for the most beautiful park. 5．What can we learn from Saihanba’s story? A．Deserts can never become forests. B．Hard work can change the environment. C．Only scientists can protect the Earth. D．It’s easy to plant trees in deserts. 四、阅读还原 阅读短文，从所列选项中，选出最佳选项填入对应空白处，使短文通顺、连贯。(选项中有一项多余) A rainforest is a thick (茂密的) forest. It grows in hot places on Earth. It rains a lot there, so the ground of the forest is always wet. There are many trees and other kinds of plants in the rainforests. 1 They can grow over 30 meters tall. 2 Many animals live here because they can find lots of food. For example, they can eat the fruit or leaves from the trees. Rainforests are very important to us humans. 3 For example, we can make tables, chairs and paper from trees. In hot summer, we can also rest under the trees and feel cool. Rainforests are the lungs (肺) of the Earth. 4 Without clean air, people and animals can’t live. These plants also help to hold water when it rains. But now, rainforests are getting smaller and smaller. 5 A．So we must protect them. B．The trees here grow very tall. C．Rainforest is a wonder of nature. D．Rainforests are also homes for many wild animals. E．The plants here help to make the air clean and fresh. F．People can use the trees to make many things in our daily life. 五、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 There are four seasons in a year, and each season has 1 (it) special features. Spring is a season of new life. The snow 2 (melt), and nature wakes up after the long winter. Warm rain falls on the forests and fields. Plants start 3 (grow), and birds come back from the south. Farmers begin to work their land. It is exciting 4 (take) a trip in the countryside in springtime. Summer is bright and noisy. The weather is hot, and the sun shines 5 (bright) in the clear, blue sky. Cicadas sing loudly. There is often thunder and lightning in the afternoon. Many people like to go to the beach and swim in the sea. It is nice 6 (eat) ice cream or fresh fruit in summer. Autumn is beautiful and full of colour. The weather is cool and dry. Leaves turn brown, red or yellow and start 7 (fall) from the trees. Squirrels gather food for the cold winter. Farmers are busy with the harvest. It is great 8 (go) on a family outing at this time of year. Winter is peaceful and fun. It is cold and snowy in many places. Bears and snakes find warm places 9 (sleep) through the winter. Children love winter because they love to play in the snow. We can enjoy different 10 (wonder) things in different seasons 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 Units 3~4（期中复习讲义） 01 复习目标锚定 02 核心考点精讲 03 限时分层演练 基础固本 / 综合进阶 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 高频词汇： 掌握自然、季节、环境类名词；‑ed/‑ing 类形容词；名词后缀‑y、‑ful、‑less 构词变形；同根词：pollute‑pollution，harm‑harmful‑harmless，peace‑peaceful 等。 2. 高频固定短语： be busy with/doing；keep 相关短语；go‑+doing；in fact；be divided into；be based on；be home to；millions of；what’s more；as far as I know；provide sb. with sth.；stop doing /stop to do；be harmful to。 3. 核心句型： It is +adj. +(for/of sb.) to do sth.；There be 句型；疑问词 + to do；百分数+ of 名词作主语；比较级+ and +比较级（越来越……）。 4. 易混辨析：‑ed与‑ing形容词；alive/lively/live/living；for example与such as；reach/get to/arrive in/arrive at；provide offer；stop doing与stop to do；hundred/thousand/million确数、概数。 复习难点： 1. 区分 It is +adj. +for sb. to do 和 It is +adj. +of sb. to do。 2. There be 就近原则、句式变换，注意 there be 不与 have 混用。 3. 非谓语动词辨析：stop to do /stop doing；keep doing /keep sb. from doing；疑问词 + to do 结构。 4. 百分数作主语时谓语动词单复数判断；be divided into、be covered by 被动结构理解运用。 5. 形容词位置规则：复合不定代词后形容词后置；enough 作副词要后置；各类形容词后缀词形变换。 考情规律 词汇运用：侧重考查形容词在语境中用法辨析，非谓语与短语固定搭配的考查。 句型转换/翻译：常考 it 作形式主语；疑问词 + to do；There be 句型转换；固定动词短语；for example/such as 辨析；汉译英。 1. It is exciting to take a trip in the countryside in springtime.在春天，去乡村旅行是令人兴奋的。 Life there is very peaceful and relaxing.那里的生活是安静和令人放松的。 【用法详解】 ①辨析-ed形容和-ing 形容词 以后缀-ed结尾的形容词，通常用于说明人的感受，常作表语 以后缀-ing结尾的形容词，主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，常作定语或表语 【一言辨析】‑ed 修饰人表 “感到……”，‑ing 修饰物表 “令人……”。 We felt excited to watch the exciting movie. 观看这部令人激动的电影，我们感到很兴奋。 ✨小提醒：少数情况下ing 也可以修饰人，描述人的特质： He is an interesting boy. 他是一个很有趣的男孩。（指这个人本身“令人觉得有趣”，不是男孩自己感到有趣） ② peaceful：形容词，意为 “宁静的；平静的；安宁的” ✅ 词根：peace n. 和平；宁静 ✅ 词形变化：peace (名词)+‑ful（形容词后缀）→ peaceful (形容词)→peacefully (副词)平静地；安宁地 【即时训练】 用所给词的正确形式填空。 （1）I feel excited (excite) about the exciting (excite) school trip. （2）The movie is so boring (bore). I feel bored (bore). （3）After the long walk, he is tired (tire), and the tiring (tire) work makes him want to sleep. （4） Everyone loves the peaceful (peace) life in the countryside. （5） People live peacefully (peace) in this small town. 2.Farmers are busy with the harvest. 农民们忙着收获。 【用法详解】 ① be busy with + 名词：忙于某事 👉同义短语：be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 My mother is busy with housework. = My mother is busy doing housework.妈妈忙于家务。 ②harvest ▪️n. 收获；收成（本句中为名词） Farmers get a good harvest this year. 农民今年获得大丰收。 ▪️v. 收割；收获 They harvest rice in autumn. 他们在秋天收割水稻。 【即时训练】用所给词的正确形式填空或填入一个适当的词。 （1）My father is busy with his work. （2）They are busy planting (plant) trees in spring. （3）Farmers get a good harvest every autumn. 3. It is exciting to go skiing then.那时去滑雪令人兴奋。 【用法详解】go +动词-ing形式表示进行一项活动或动作。 ✅常见搭配： go skiing 去滑雪 go swimming 去游泳 go boating 去划船 go camping 去露营 go hiking 去远足 go fishing 去钓鱼 go shopping 去购物 go climbing 去爬山 【即时训练】 用所给词的正确形式填空。 （1）We often go hiking (hike) on holidays. （2）It is great fun to go (go) camping in summer. （3）Would you like to go fishing (fish) with me this weekend? 4.Everything is alive.万物生机勃勃。 【用法详解】 ① everything 不定代词，意为 “一切；所有事物”。 everything作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Everything is OK. 一切都好。 ②alive： adj. 活着的；生机勃勃的。只作表语，不能放在名词前作定语。 【易混辨析】 词汇 词性 含义及用法 alive adj. “活着的；有生气的”。多作表语，多用于指人，也可指物 lively adj. “活泼的；轻快的；生机勃勃的”。既可指人，也可指物。 live v. /lɪv/ ①“居住”。live in 居住在…… ②“过着”。live a happy life 过着幸福的生活 adj. /laɪv/ ③现场直播的 a live show 一场现场演出 living adj. “活着的；现存的”。可作定语（前置修饰名词），也可作表语，可修饰人或生物例：all living things 所有生物 【即时训练】 ( A)1．In the forest fire, many animals went into the river to keep ________. A．alive B．lives C．lively D．to live ( B )2. All ________ things need water and sunshine on the Earth. A. alive B. living C. lively D. live ( C )3. She is a ________ girl and she is good at dancing. A. alive B. living C. lively D. live ( D )4. This is a ________ football match. We can watch it on TV right now. A. alive B. living C. lively D. live ( A )5. Everything ________ changing all the time around us. A. is B. are C. was D. were 5.The trees have a lot of green leaves, and they can help keep me cool on sunny days.树上有很多绿叶，在阳光灿烂的日子里，它们可以让我保持凉爽。 【用法详解】 ① leaf n. 树叶 → leaves（复数） ② keep me cool：让我保持凉爽 【用法】keep +宾语+形容词（作宾补）：使某人 / 某物保持某种状态 We should keep our classroom clean. 我们应该保持教室干净。 【拓展】 【即时训练】 用所给词的正确形式填空。 （1）There are many leaves (leaf) on the ground in autumn. （2）We must keep ourselves healthy (health). （3）The heavy rain keeps him from going (go) out. （4）She keeps practising (practise) English every day. 6.In fact, the year is divided into 24 parts, based on where the sun is in the sky.事实上，一年被划分为 24 个时段，其划分依据是太阳在天空中的位置。 【用法详解】 ① in fact 事实上；实际上（短语，常用于句首/句中，补充说明事实），同义表达：actually；in reality。 In fact, I don’t know him at all. 事实上，我根本不认识他。 ② be divided into 被划分为……（被动语态） divide ... into ... 把 A 分成 B（主动）； ... be divided into ... A 被分成 B（被动） The class is divided into four groups. 这个班级被分成四组。 ③(be) based on 以…… 为依据；基于…… 本句中based on…是过去分词短语作状语。 This story is based on real life. 这个故事基于真实生活。 补充：where the sun is in the sky 是宾语从句，作介词 on 的宾语，宾语从句使用陈述语序。 【即时训练】单句语法填空 （1）In fact, spring is my favourite season. （2）A year is divided (divide) into four seasons. （3）His idea is based ___on__ the old story. （4）The big apple is divided into two halves. 7.For example, they help farmers decide when to plant their crops. 例如，它们能帮助农民决定何时播种作物。 【用法详解】 ①辨析for example 和such as Many students like outdoor activities. For example, they love hiking. 很多学生喜欢户外活动。例如，他们喜爱远足。 I like outdoor sports such as hiking and fishing. 我喜欢像远足、钓鱼这类的户外运动。 ✅一言辨析：for example 举事例，带逗号；such as 列名词/动名词，无逗号。 ②decide v. 决定 →名词形式：decision n. 决定 ✅ 常用搭配 (1)decide to do sth. 决定做某事（后接不定式 to do） He decides to plant more crops. 他决定种更多庄稼。 (2)decide + 疑问词 + to do sth. 决定……（本句考点：decide when to plant） They decide when to plant their crops. 他们决定何时播种庄稼。 (3)decide (that) + 宾语从句 决定…… She decides that she will go hiking tomorrow. 她决定明天去远足。 (4)make a decision 做决定 He makes a big decision. 他做了一个重大决定。 ③“when to plant”为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中作decide的宾语；动词不定式可以接在疑问词what, how, when,where, which等后面，在句中作宾语。 I don't know what to do.我不知道该做什么。 【即时训练】 一、用所给词的正确形式填空。 (1) He decided to visit (visit) the farm next week. (2) I can’t decide which book I should choose. 二、单项选择 ( B )1. I like many kinds of flowers, ________ roses and sunflowers. A. for example B. such as C. example D. as example ( B )2. We can do many things to keep our city clean. ________, we can stop throwing rubbish everywhere. A. Such as B. For example C. Like D. As 8.The tallest trees in the world can reach over 100 metres in height. 【用法详解】 ①辨析reach, get to, arrive in, arrive at reach, get to, arrive in, arrive at 都有“到达”的意思。具体用法如下： reach 及物动词，后面直接加表示地点的词。即“reach+地点”。 get to get 是不及物动词，后接表示地点的名词时要与介词to 连用，即“get to+地点”。 arrive in/ at arrive 是不及物动词，后接表地点的名词时需要加介词in/ at。arrive in+ 大地点； arrive at+ 小地点。 注意： ①．get, arrive 后接表示地点的副词时，如 here，there，home等，不需要加任何介词。如：get home，arrive there。 ②．arrive 也可以单独使用。如： When did you arrive last night？ ②over: 超过= more than ③长、宽、高等的表达方式 在英语中，表示长、宽、高等时，主要有两种表达方式： 基数词+单位词+形容词（long, wide, high, deep等）；基数词+单位词+in+名词（length, width, height, depth等）。单位词有 meter, foot, inch, kilogram等。 例如：两米高 two meters high/two meters in height 10米深 ten meters deep/ ten meters in depth 【即时训练】 ( A ) 1.When did you ______ Shanghai last night? A. arrive in B. reach to C. get D. arrive to ( C ) 2. My father ______ home at 7 o’clock yesterday. A. arrived at B. got to C. reached D. arrived in ( A ) 3. The wall is ten meters ______. It is ten meters ______ length. A. high; in B. height; in C. high; of D. height; of 9.About 70％ of the Earth is covered by the sea.地球表面大约70%的地方被海洋覆盖。 【用法详解】 ①百分号％读作percent [pəˈsɛnt]，百分数作主语时，谓语动词要与它所指代的名词的单复数保持一致。 70 percent of the earth is covered by water. 地球 70% 被水覆盖。（of 后 earth 单数 → 谓语用 is） Sixty percent of the students are girls. 百分之六十的学生是女生。（of 后 students 复数 → 谓语用 are） ②be covered by含义：被…… 所覆盖，是被动语态。 The mountain is covered by snow in winter.这座山冬天被大雪覆盖。 【即时训练】 一、单句语法填空 1.Thirty percent of the land is (be) green. 2.Fifty percent of the trees are (be) tall. 3.The ground is covered (cover) with fallen leaves in autumn. 10.The Earth is home to millions of animals.地球是数百万动物的家园。 【用法详解】 ① be home to … 是…… 的家园；是…… 的栖息地 This forest is home to many birds.这片森林是许多鸟类的家园。 ②millions of 数百万的 【用法辨析】 用法 例子 hundreds/thousands/millions of “数百/数千/数百万”表示不确定的数目时，前面不用基数词，其后加-s，且和of连用 基数词+hundred/thousand/mi lion “百/千/百万”表示确切数字时，前面用基数词其后不加-s，也不和of连用 【即时训练】 （A）1．In their school, many students come from Chongqing, but about three ________ students come from Sichuan. A．hundred B．hundreds C．hundred of D．hundreds of （D）2. people watched Shenzhou Ⅸ spacecraft into space successfully in the world. A．Billion B．Billions C．Billion of D．Billions of （A）3.This wetland ________ many kinds of rare birds. A. is home to B. is home for C. are home to D. are home for 11. And what's more, the Earth provides us with all the things we need, such as food, water, air and energy.更重要的是，地球为我们提供了所有我们需要的东西，如食物、水、空气和能源。 【用法详解】 ①what's more 更重要的是=more importantly ②provide及物动词，意为“提供”。 【常用搭配】provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物. 【拓展】辨析provide、offer的用法 用法 例句 provide 通常指为某人提供有用或需要的东西。 常用于provide sb. with sth.或provide sth. for sb.结构中。 The school provides students with free books. = The school provides free books for students. 学校为学生提供免费书籍。 offer 侧重主动提出意见、帮助或所需的东西。常用于 offer sb. sth 或offer sth. to sb. 结构中。 He offered me some useful advice. = He offered some useful advice to me. 他主动给我提了一些有用的建议。 【即时训练】 一、同义句转换 1.The farm provides us with fresh vegetables. = The farm provides fresh vegetables for us. 2.He offered me a cup of hot tea. = He ___offered_____ a cup of hot tea __to_____ me. 二、单项选择 ( B )1. What’s ______, we can plant more trees to protect the environment. A. many B. more C. much D. most ( A )2. The centre ______ homeless people ______ food and clothes every year. A. provides; with B. offers; with C. provides; for D. offers; for 12.As far as we know, out of all the planets in the solar system, only one, the Earth,can support life. (P.52) 【用法详解】 ①as far as sb. know 意为“据某人所知”，通常用作插入语，放在句首或句末。 As far as I know, this river is the longest in the city.据我所知，这条河是这座城市里最长的河流。 ②the solar system 太阳系 （固定专有名词，必须加 the） 【即时训练】 1.据我所知，这个森林里有许多野生动物。(句子翻译) As far as I know, there are many wild animals in this forest. 13.There is more and more plastic pollution in the sea. 海洋中的塑料污染越来越多。 fewer and fewer fish in the sea 海里越来越少的鱼 less and less forest land 越来越少的林地 more and more harmful gases 越来越多的有害的气体 【用法详解】 ①“比较级十and+比较级”表示事物程度的变化，意为“越来越……" 规则： 单音节/部分双音节形容词：比较级 + and + 比较级 bigger and bigger 越来越大 fewer and fewer 越来越少（修饰可数名词复数） less and less 越来越少（修饰不可数名词） 多音节形容词：more and more + 形容词原级 more and more beautiful 越来越美丽 ② plastic pollution 塑料污染 plastic /ˈplæstɪk/adj. 塑料的；n. 塑料 pollution /pəˈluːʃn/n. 污染（不可数名词）→ pollute v. 污染 拓展词组： white pollution 白色污染air pollution 空气污染 water pollution 水污染 We should do something to stop plastic pollution.我们应该做些事来阻止塑料污染。 ③harmful：adj. 有害的 固定搭配：be harmful to… 对…… 有害 词根变形：harm n./v. 伤害；损害 → harmful adj. 有害的 → harmless adj. 无害的 These harmful gases are bad for our health.这些有害气体对我们的健康有害。 Smoking is harmful to your body.吸烟对你的身体有害。 【即时训练】 ( A )1. There is ______ pollution in the river, so ______ fish can live there. A. more and more; fewer and fewer B. fewer and fewer; more and more C. less and less; more and more D. more and more; less and less ( B)2. Watching too much screen is harmful ______ your eyes. A. for B. to C. with D. at 14. factories stop polluting rivers and lakes 工厂停止污染河流和湖泊 【用法辨析】stop to do / stop doing 短语 含义 用法说明 例句 stop doing sth 意为 “停止做某事” 表示停止正在做的事 Please stop playing games. It's time for homework.请停止玩游戏，该写作业了。 stop to do sth 意为 “停下来去做某事” 表示停止现在正在进行的行动去做另一件事，不定式 to do 表示目的 She stopped to help the old man carry bags.她停下来帮老人提袋子。 【即时训练】 一、用所给词的正确形式填空 (1) The students stopped talking (talk) when the teacher came in. (2) He stopped to have (have) a rest after long‑time work. 15.Grammar：形容词的基本用法和常用句型 一．形容词的定义 形容词是表示人或事物的性质、状态，一般置于它所修饰的名词之前作定语，或连系动词之后作表语。 二、形容词的用法 1、形容词作定语 (1)大多数形容词作定语修饰名词时，其位置在被修饰的名词前，说明名词的品质或特征。 　　She is a tall girl.她是一个高个子女孩。　 He is a good teacher.他是一名好老师。 (2)但在下列情况下，形容词却放在它所修饰的名词之后。 　 a. 当被修饰的词是不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing等复合不定代词的形容词，作定语时要后置。 I would like something cheap.我想要点便宜的东西。　 Is there anything new in that book?那本书里有什么新东西吗？　　 b. 形容词短语作定语时，要放在所修饰的名词的后面。这些形容词短语多由“形容词+介词/不定式符号”构成。 　　　It’s a problem difficult to solve.这是个难以解决的问题。 I have a lot of things to buy. 我有很多东西要买。 (3)enough作形容词修饰名词时，一般位于名词前。 　　　We have enough time.我们有足够的时间。 　enough还可以作副词，修饰形容词或副词，此时enough要后置。 John's old enough to take care of himself. 约翰长大了，能照顾自己了。 2.形容词作表语 　①.形容词作表语，常位于连系动词be(am, is, are), become, get, turn,look, keep, seem等词的后面，说明主语的特征、状态或身份。 The food is delicious.这种食物美味可口。　 The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。 　 Generally speaking, it is cold in the north, it is warm in the south. 一般来说，北方天气冷，南方天气暖和。 ②． -ed结尾和-ing结尾形容词用法辨析 1）以-ing结尾的形容词一般用来修饰“物”，说明事物的性质，特征。 例如：This is an interesting storybook.这是一本有趣的故事书。 2）以-ed结尾的形容词一般用来修饰“人”，表示人的某种状态。 例如：I am very interested in this storybook.我对这本故事书很感兴趣。 3.作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。 如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁) 二.常用句型 句型“It is +adj.（形容词）+to do sth.（不定式短语）” 　 这个句型中，常用important, interesting, exciting, nice, easy, hard, good, useful, wrong, right, important等形容词。 It is dangerous to climb this hill.爬这座山很危险。 　 It is nice to eat ice cream or fresh fruit in summer. 在夏天，吃冰淇淋或新鲜的水果很不错。 It is great to go on a family outing at this time of year. 每年的这个时候，全家一起出门远足真是开心极了。 a.此句型中，如果表语是kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, polite等描述性格、品质的形容词，则应在不定式前加of sb.　　“It is +adj. +of sb. + to do sth.”某人做某事是…… 　　　 如： It is very kind of you to help me.你能帮我太好了。 　　　　 It’s clever of you to do so.你这样做真聪明。 b. 如果形容词表示“对某人而言”，描述的是事情的性质，可在动词不定式前加一个for sb　“It is +adj. +for sb. +to do sth.”对某人来说做某事是…… It's difficult for us to finish the work.对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。 　　　 It’s hard for me to answer your question.对我来说，要回答你的问题很难。 三．【拓展】形容词基本构词法 1.在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词（尤其是一些与天气有关的名词） rain—rainy多雨的，cloud—cloudy多云的，health—healthy健康的，luck—lucky幸运的 注意：①如果名词以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，这时应双写词尾的辅音 字母再加-y。 如：sun—sunny晴朗的，fog—foggy有雾的，fun—funny有趣的； ②如果以不发音的字母e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉e再加y。 如： noise—noisy吵闹的,　ice—icy冰冷 2.一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词。 如： care—careful小心的，thank—thankful感谢的，help—helpful有帮助的 3.一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍、语言的形容词。 　如： China—Chinese，Japan—Japanese, England—English, America—American 4. 在名词后加-ous变为形容词。 如： danger--dangerous 5.在名词后加-ly变为形容词。 如：friend—friendly, love—lovely(以-ly结尾的还有lonely, lively) 6.在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义形容词。 如：care—careless粗心的, use—useless无用的 【即时训练】 一、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1.Some food words are interesting (interest). I like reading them. 2.Studying living (live) things is interesting for me when we have Biology lessons. 3.I’m looking for articles which are helpful (help) for my study on birds. 4.It is dangerous (danger) to swim in the deep river alone. 5.It’s sunny (sun) today. Let’s go to the park. 二、单项选择 （ A）1．There isn’t ________ in this country this year. A．enough rain B．rain enough C．rainy enough D．enough rains （ B）2．Mike is ________ to see his missing car. A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising D．to surprise （ B）3．The movie is so ________ that all the children are ________ in it. A．interested; interesting B．interesting; interested C．interesting; interesting D．interested; interested （ C）4．________ is important for us to learn safety knowledge. A．This B．That C．It D．One （ B）5.It’s important ________ wild animals. A．protect B．to protect C．protecting D．Protected 16. There be 句型 一、There be 句型结构 1. There is+a/an+单数可数名词+地点状语 There is a ruler on the desk. 书桌上有一把尺。 There is more and more plastic pollution in the sea. 海洋中的塑料污染越来越多。 (p.53) 2.There are+复数可数名词+地点状语 There are fields and mountains,rivers and seas, forests and deserts.（p.53） 有田野和山脉，有河流和海洋，有森林和沙漠。 There are some flowers in the park. 公园里有许多花。 3.There is + 不可数名词 +地点状语  例：There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。 二、There be 句型的否定形式 在be后面加not即可，is not =isn’t，are not= aren’t 注意：句中如果出现some则改成any. 1.There is a knife in the kitchen.厨房里有一把刀。 →否定:There is not a knife in the kitchen. 2. There is some ink in the bottle. 瓶子里有墨水。 →否定:There is not any ink in the bottle.  三、There be就近原则： 重点考点：There be句型中，几个名词并列时，be的单复数形式由最近名词单复数决定。如：There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk. 本句中有钢笔、书和铅笔，离be最近的是单数a pen，因此，be动词用单数is。 四、There be 句型的疑问句及回答 （1） 一般疑问句 把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。当肯定句中有some时，要改为any（否定变化也一样）。 There is some water on Mars.(火星上有一些水)→Is there any water on  Mars?(火星上有水吗？） There are some fish in the water.(水里有一些鱼）→Are there any fish in the water?(水里有鱼吗?)（二）There be 句型的回答  肯定回答：Yes, there is/are. 否定回答: No, there isn’t/aren’t. (三）特殊疑问句 提问There be 句型的特殊疑问句形式常有以下三种变化： 1. 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用“Who”提问；当主语是物时，用“What”。 注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，提问时一般都用be的单数形式，回答时根据实际情况来决定。 There are many things over there.（那边有很多东西）→What's over there?（那边是什么？） There is a little girl in the room.（房间里有个小女孩）→Who is in the room?（谁在房间里？） 3. 对地点提问：提问地点用“Where is/are+主语”。 There is a computer on the desk.（桌子上有一台电脑）→Where is the computer？（电脑在哪里？）3.对数量提问： How many+复数名词+are there+地点短语？ How much+不可数名词+is there+地点短语？ There are two chairs in the bedroom.卧室里有两把椅子。 →How many chairs are there in the bedroom?卧室里有多少把椅子？ 【即时训练】 一、单项选择 （ C）1.There _______ a computer on every student’s desk in the future. A．is B．was C．will be D．will have （ C）2.There ________ a ruler and two pencils in my pencil box. A．has B．have C．is D．are （ C）3.Let’s save pandas! There ________ only about 2,000 pandas living in the forests now. A．am B．is C．are D．have （ A）4.—Sam, is there a music hall in your school? —________. It’s on the right of the science building. A．Yes, there is B．No, there isn’t C．Yes, it is D．No, it isn’t （ B）5. —Are there any apples on the table? —________. There are only some oranges. A. Yes, there are B. No, there aren’t C. Yes, they are D. No, they aren’t 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．Don’t lose heart, son. There is (be) always a way out. 2．Lucy, there are (be) too many things on the desk. Please put them away. 3．There is (be) some bread on the table. You can have some. 4．Our headteacher is old. There isn’t (be not) much hair on his head. 5． Are (be) there any toy shops in the supermarket? 三、按要求完成句子。 1.There are sixty pictures in the box. （对画线部分提问） How many pictures are there in the box? 2. There is some water in the cup. (改为一般疑问句) Is there any water in the cup? 3. —Is there a bird in the tree? (作否定回答) —No, there isn’t. 4. There is a smart whiteboard next to the blackboard. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) — Is there a smart whiteboard next to the blackboard? —Yes, there is. 基础固本练（限时：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．It is ________ to travel to the top of the Canton Tower because we can enjoy the beautiful views of our city. A．excited B．exciting C．excitedly D．excitingly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：登上广州塔顶旅行是令人兴奋的，因为我们可以欣赏到我们城市的美丽景色。 excited感到兴奋的；exciting令人兴奋的；excitedly兴奋地；excitingly令人兴奋地。It is+形容词+to do sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事是……的”，此处应用形容词作表语，排除选项C和D；-ed形式的形容词修饰人；-ing形式的形容词修饰事物，此处修饰动词不定式“to travel to the top of the Canton Tower”，指事物，用exciting形式的形容词。 2．Her voice always sounds ________ when she greets people. A．loudly B．friendly C．softly D．quickly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当她问候他人时，她的声音听起来总是友好的。 考查形容词的用法。loudly大声地；friendly友好的；softly轻柔地；quickly快速地。“sound”是系动词，后面必须接形容词作表语，friendly是形容词，且符合“问候别人时声音友好”的语境。故选B。 3．It’s exciting to play on the beach in the ________ weather. A．sun B．sunny C．suny D．cloud 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在晴朗的天气里在海滩上玩很令人兴奋。 考查形容词的用法。sun太阳，名词；sunny晴朗的，形容词；suny拼写错误；cloud云，名词。此处应用形容词修饰名词“weather”，应用sunny。故选B。 4.He reached Shanghai last night. A．got B．arrived in C．arrived at D．touched 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他昨晚到达了上海。 got是不及物动词，后接地点需加to；arrived in到达，后接大地方；arrived at到达，后接小地方；touched触摸。句中reached Shanghai“到达上海”，reach是及物动词，后直接接地点，上海是大城市，应用arrived in。 5．In our hometown, villagers leave for big cities to look for jobs. A．two hundreds of B．hundred of C．hundreds of D．two hundreds 【答案】C 【详解】句意“在我的家乡，成百上千的村民到城市找工作”。hundred百，当与具体数字连用时，hundred后不加s，排除D；当hundred与of连用时，hundred后要加s，排除B；且数词与of不能同时出现，排除A，故选C。 6．We must ________ the Earth because it’s our only home. A．protect B．pollute C．waste D．destroy 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们必须保护地球，因为它是我们唯一的家园。 protect保护；pollute污染；waste浪费；destroy破坏。根据“because it’s our only home”可知，地球是人类唯一的家园，我们应该保护它，protect符合语境。 7.The Earth ________ us with food, water and air. We must protect it. A．provides B．gives C．offers D．supports 【答案】A 【详解】句意：地球为我们提供食物、水和空气。我们必须保护它。 provides提供；gives给；offers提供；supports支持。根据空后的介词“with”可知，此处“provide sb. with sth.”，意为“为某人提供某物”，provides符合题意。give常用结构为give sb. sth. 或 give sth. to sb.；offer常用结构为offer sb. sth. 或 offer sth. to sb.；support意为支持，不符合句意。 8.Farmers are busy ________ crops in autumn every year. A．harvest B．harvesting C．to harvest D．harvested 【答案】B 【详解】句意：农民们每年秋天都忙着收割庄稼。 固定句型be busy doing sth.，意为“忙于做某事”，busy后应接动名词形式。 9.There ________ lots of interesting books on that shelf. A．have B．is C．has D．are 【答案】D 【详解】句意：那个书架上有很多有趣的书。 have有；is是be动词第三人称单数；has有（第三人称单数）；are是be动词复数。句子是there be句型，主语“books”是复数，be 动词用are；there be不和have/has混用。应填are。 10.The new smartphone is not ________ and I don’t have ________ to buy it. A．cheap enough; enough money B．expensive enough; money enough C．enough cheap; enough money D．enough expensive; money enough 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这款新智能手机不够便宜，而且我没有足够的钱买它。 考查enough的用法。enough作副词修饰形容词或副词时，应放在被修饰词之后，即“形容词/副词+enough”，排除CD；作形容词修饰名词时，通常放在名词之前，即“enough+名词”，排除B。故选A。 二、选词填空 从方框中选择适当的词或短语，并用其正确形式填空，每词仅用一次。 pollute, protect, generation, energy, survive, chemical, cut down, sandstorm, ocean, provide 1．The Earth us with clean water and fresh air every day. 2．Bad air and water make it hard for animals to in the wild. 3．Farmers should not use too many harmful on their farms. 4．If people keep trees, more deserts will appear. 5．In northern China, strong winds often bring terrible in spring. 6．We must take action our only home—the Earth. 7．Burning gas and oil creates useful for human beings. 8．Many kinds of fish live in the deep . 9．Never throw rubbish into rivers, or we will the clean water. 10．My grandma is the first of workers in this forest station. 【答案】 1．provides 2．survive 3．chemicals 4．cutting down 5．sandstorms 6．to protect 7．energy 8．ocean 9．pollute 10．generation 【详解】 1．句意：地球每天为我们提供干净的水和新鲜空气。此处需要一个动词作谓语，表示“提供”这一动作。因为固定搭配provide sb. with sth.意为“为某人提供某物”，且主语The Earth为第三人称单数，所以使用provides。 2．句意：受污染的空气和水使动物难以在野外生存。此处需要一个动词原形作宾语补足语，表示“生存”这一结果。因为句型make it hard for sb. to do sth.中，to后应接动词原形，且污染的环境会增加动物存活的难度，所以使用survive。 3．句意：农民不应该在农场里使用太多有害的化学品。此处需要一个名词作宾语，表示使用的有害物质。因为too many修饰可数名词复数，且harmful修饰化学物品，所以使用chemicals。 4．句意：如果人们继续砍伐树木，将出现更多沙漠。此处需要一个动名词，表示“持续砍伐”这一行为。因为固定搭配keep doing sth.意为“继续做某事”，而砍树会导致沙漠化，所以使用cutting down。 5．句意：在中国北方，春天强风经常带来可怕的沙尘暴。此处需要一个名词作宾语，表示强风带来的结果。结合地理常识，中国北方春季的强风常引发沙尘暴天气，所以使用sandstorms。 6．句意：我们必须采取行动来保护我们唯一的家园——地球。此处需要一个不定式短语，表示采取行动的目的。因为take action to do sth.是固定搭配，保护地球是目的，所以使用to protect。 7．句意：燃烧天然气和石油为人类创造有用的能源。此处需要一个名词作宾语，表示燃烧燃料产生的有用物质。因为燃烧燃料产生的是能源，所以使用energy。 8．句意：许多种鱼生活在深海中。此处需要一个名词作介词宾语，表示鱼类生活的环境。因为鱼类主要生活在水体中，且deep常与海洋搭配，所以使用ocean。 9．句意：永远不要向河里扔垃圾，否则我们会污染干净的水。此处需要一个动词原形作谓语，表示扔垃圾导致的后果。因为向水中扔垃圾会污染水源，will后接动词原形，所以使用pollute。 10．句意：我的奶奶是这个森林站的第一代工人。此处需要一个名词作表语，表示“一辈人”。因为前文有the first修饰，指第一批拓荒者，所以使用generation。 综合进阶练（限时：30分钟） 一、语法选择 Zhanjiang Mangrove (红树林) National Nature Reserve is one of the most important nature reserves in Guangdong. It is 1 beautiful home for over 300 kinds of plants and 400 kinds of animals. Many rare birds live here, 2 it’s also a great place to watch birds. Mangrove trees are 3 . They grow in salty water near the sea. 4 long roots can hold the soil well. This can stop the land from washing away. Also, mangroves help keep the air and water clean. They are like “guardians” of the coast. Many people are interested in these amazing trees because 5 their special abilities. Every year, many visitors 6 to Zhanjiang to visit the reserve. When they go there, guides often tell them 7 to protect the environment. Visitors shouldn’t 8 flowers or cut down trees. They must keep the place tidy. It is important for everyone 9 the reserve. If we take good care of it, the mangroves 10 more and more beautiful. And the animals can have a safe home forever. Let’s work hard to protect this wonderful nature reserve together. 1．A．/ B．a C．an D．the 2．A．or B．if C．so D．but 3．A．special B．specially C．more special D．most special 4．A．They B．Them C．Their D．Theirs 5．A．in B．of C．for D．with 6．A．came B．come C．comes D．will come 7．A．how B．what C．when D．where 8．A．pick B．picked C．picking D．to pick 9．A．protect B．protected C．protecting D．to protect 10．A．become B．became C．becomes D．will become 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．D 10．D 【导语】本文介绍湛江红树林国家级自然保护区的生态价值、红树林特性、游客游览须知，呼吁人们共同保护该保护区。 【详解】 1．句意：它是三百多种植物和四百多种动物的一个美丽家园。 /零冠词；a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the这个，表特指。根据“It is...beautiful home for over 300 kinds of plants and 400 kinds of animals.”可知此处表泛指，beautiful以辅音音素开头，故选B。 2．句意：许多珍稀鸟类生活在这里，所以它也是一个观鸟的好地方。 or或者；if如果；so所以；but但是。根据“Many rare birds live here”可知，前文是原因，后文是结果，表因果关系，故选C。 3．句意：红树是特殊的。 special特殊的，形容词原级；specially特别地，副词；more special更特殊的，比较级；most special最特殊的，最高级。根据“Mangrove trees are” “They grow in salty water near the sea”可知红树林有特殊性，此处作表语用形容词原级，没有比较语境，故选A。 4．句意：它们的长根能很好地固定土壤。 They他们，主格；Them他们，宾格；Their他们的，形容词性物主代词；Theirs他们的，名词性物主代词。此处指红树林的根，需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词roots，故选C。 5．句意：许多人对这些神奇的树感兴趣，因为它们的特殊能力。 in在……里；of……的；for为了；with和。根据“their special abilities”可知此处用固定短语because of表示原因，后接名词短语，故选B。 6．句意：每年，许多游客来到湛江参观这个保护区。 came来，过去式；come来，动词原形；comes来，第三人称单数；will come将要来，一般将来时。根据时间状语“Every year”可知句子用一般现在时，主语visitors是复数，谓语动词用原形，故选B。 7．句意：当他们去那里时，导游经常告诉他们如何保护环境。 how如何；what什么；when什么时候；where哪里。根据后文“Visitors shouldn’t...flowers or cut down trees. They must keep the place tidy.”可知，导游是告诉游客保护环境的方法，故选A。 8．句意：游客不应该采摘花朵或砍伐树木。 pick采摘，动词原形；picked采摘，过去式；picking采摘，动名词/现在分词；to pick采摘，不定式。情态动词“shouldn’t”后接动词原形，此处应填pick，故选A。 9．句意：保护这个保护区对每个人来说都很重要。 protect保护，动词原形；protected保护，过去式；protecting保护，动名词/现在分词；to protect保护，不定式。根据固定句型“It is important for sb. to do sth.”可知，此处用不定式作真正主语，故选D。 10．句意：如果我们好好照顾它，红树林将会变得越来越美丽。 become变得，动词原形；became变得，过去式；becomes变得，第三人称单数；will become将会变得，一般将来时。if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”的原则，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故选D。 二、完形填空 阅读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The Earth is an amazing planet. It is our home and the only planet we know that can 1 life. The Earth is about 4.5 2 years old. It travels around the Sun in the solar system. About 70% of the Earth is covered by 3 , and the rest is land. There are many different places on Earth: some are very hot near the equator, and some are 4 cold at the poles. There are mountains, rivers, seas, forests and 5 . The Earth is home to millions of 6 . Some live on land, some fly in the sky, and some live in the sea. The plants on Earth are also wonderful. The 7 trees can reach over 100 metres, and the smallest plants are as small as a grain of rice. The Earth 8 us with all the things we need, such as food, water, air and energy. 9 , our planet is facing many problems, like air pollution and water pollution. We should do our best to 10 the Earth. Let’s take action now! 1．A．support B．give C．have D．keep 2．A．million B．billion C．thousand D．hundred 3．A．land B．clouds C．the sea D．forests 4．A．slowly B．quickly C．freezing D．warmly 5．A．houses B．deserts C．cities D．towns 6．A．plants B．animals C．people D．trees 7．A．tallest B．shortest C．smallest D．biggest 8．A．offers B．gives C．provides D．sends 9．A．And B．But C．What’s more D．However 10．A．pollute B．protect C．explore D．destroy 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了地球的基本信息、自然资源及生物多样性，指出地球面临污染问题，呼吁人们保护地球。 【详解】 1．句意：它是我们的家园，也是我们知道唯一能维持生命的星球。 根据“life”及常识，地球维持生命，support life为固定搭配，符合语境。give“给”、have“有”、keep“保持”语意不通顺。 2．句意：地球大约有45亿年的历史。 根据常识，地球年龄约为45亿年，billion符合语境。million“百万”、thousand“千”、hundred“百”数值过小，不符合科学事实。 3．句意：地球约70%被海洋覆盖，其余是陆地。 根据“70%”及“rest is land”，可知指水域/海洋，对应the sea。land“陆地”与“rest”重复，clouds“云”、forests“森林”不符事实。 4．句意：地球上有很多不同的地方：有些在赤道附近很热，有些在两极极冷。 根据“cold at the poles”，freezing cold表示极冷。slowly“慢慢地”、quickly“快地”修饰速度，warmly“温暖地”与“cold”矛盾。 5．句意：有山脉、河流、海洋、森林和沙漠。 根据“mountains, rivers…”均为自然地理特征，deserts符合。houses“房子”、cities“城市”、towns“城镇”为人造建筑。 6．句意：地球是数百万动物的家园。 根据后句“Some live on land, some fly…”，描述动物习性，可知此处表示地球是动物的家园，animals符合语义。plants“植物”在后文单独提及、people“人”、trees“树”在原文中无提示。 7．句意：最高的树可达100多米，最小的植物如米粒般小。 根据“reach over 100 metres”及与“smallest”对比，指高度，tallest符合语境。shortest“最矮的”、smallest“最小的”与句意相反，biggest“最大的”指体积。 8．句意：地球为我们提供所需的一切，例如食物、水、空气和能源。 根据“us with”，provide sb. with sth.为固定搭配，意为“为某人提供某物”。offers“提供”和gives“给”后接sb. sth.， sends“发送”语义不符。 9．句意：然而，我们的星球正面临许多问题，比如空气污染和水污染。 根据前后文转折关系及逗号隔开，However符合语法。But“但是”通常连接分句，不单独加逗号置首；And“和”、What’s more“此外”语义不通。 10．句意：我们应该尽最大努力保护地球。 根据“Facing many problems”及“Let’s take action”，应保护地球，对应protect。pollute“污染”、destroy“破坏”为负面，explore“探索”不符语境。 三、阅读理解 Protecting Our Amazing Home The Earth is the only planet we know that can support life. It gives us clean air, fresh water, rich soil and all the resources we need to live. However, human activities are putting our planet in great danger. Climate change is one of the biggest problems. The Earth’s temperature is rising because of too much carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the air. This comes from burning fossil fuels (like coal, oil and gas) for cars, factories and electricity. Rising temperatures cause glaciers to melt, sea levels to rise, and more extreme weather, such as heavy rains, droughts and heatwaves. Pollution is another serious problem. Plastic waste is filling our oceans, killing sea animals and polluting our food chain. Air pollution from cars and factories makes people sick, especially children and the elderly. Water pollution from chemicals and waste makes rivers and lakes unsafe to drink from. Deforestation is also a big threat. People cut down millions of trees every year to make space for farms, buildings and roads. Trees absorb CO₂ and produce oxygen, so losing them makes climate change worse. It also destroys the homes of millions of animals, pushing many species to the edge of extinction. The good news is that everyone can help protect the Earth. We can reduce our use of plastic, save water and electricity, walk or bike instead of driving, and plant more trees. Small actions from every person can add up to big changes. Let’s work together to take care of our amazing home, so that future generations can also enjoy a healthy and beautiful planet. 1．What is the main problem caused by rising temperatures according to the passage? A．More plastic waste in oceans. B．Melting glaciers and rising sea levels. C．Less oxygen from trees. D．More trees are being cut down. 2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of pollution? A．Burning fossil fuels for cars. B．Plastic waste in oceans. C．Chemicals in water. D．Planting too many trees. 3．What does the underlined word “deforestation” probably mean in Chinese? A．森林火灾 B．森林砍伐 C．森林保护 D．森林恢复 4．Why are trees important to the Earth according to the passage? A．They can absorb CO₂ and produce oxygen. B．They can stop all extreme weather. C．They can make sea levels lower. D．They can clean all plastic waste. 5．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce the causes of climate change. B．To show the beauty of the Earth. C．To call on people to protect the Earth. D．To explain the dangers of plastic pollution. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，点明地球是唯一可供生命生存的星球，并依次介绍气候变化、各类污染、森林砍伐三大地球危机，最后呼吁每个人行动起来共同保护地球。 【详解】 1．原文第二段“Rising temperatures cause glaciers to melt, sea levels to rise, and more extreme weather, such as heavy rains, droughts and heatwaves.”，气温升高会造成冰川融化、海平面上升。 2．原文第三段“Plastic waste is filling our oceans,...waste makes rivers and lakes unsafe to drink from”，塑料废物（B）、汽车排放导致的空气污染（A）、水中的化学物质（C）均被提及为污染原因。种植树木是第五段提到的保护措施，而非污染原因。 3．原文第四段“People cut down millions of trees every year to make space for farms, buildings and roads.”，该句解释 deforestation 指砍伐树木，中文含义为森林砍伐。 4．原文第四段“Trees absorb CO₂ and produce oxygen, so losing them makes climate change worse.”，树木的重要作用是吸收二氧化碳、产生氧气。 5．全文先讲述地球面临的多重危机，末尾号召大家从小事做起守护地球，写作目的是呼吁人们保护地球。 B Four Seasons, Different Joys People around the world experience four seasons in a year, but each season brings different joys and activities to different groups of people. Spring is the season of renewal. When the cold winter ends, the temperature rises, snow melts, and plants begin to grow. For farmers, spring is the busiest time of the year — they plough the fields, sow seeds, and prepare for a year of harvest. For children, spring means outdoor adventures: flying kites in the warm wind, picking wild flowers in the hills, and going on school trips to the countryside. Many people also choose to go hiking in spring, as the weather is mild and the scenery is full of life. Summer is the season of energy and fun. The long days and hot sun make it perfect for outdoor activities. Families often go to the beach to swim, build sandcastles, and enjoy the sea breeze. Teenagers love summer because they have a long holiday — they can play sports, go camping, or take summer courses. For many people, summer is also a time for delicious food: fresh watermelons, cold ice cream, and sweet berries are all popular treats. However, summer can also bring extreme weather, such as heavy rainstorms and heatwaves, so people need to stay safe. Autumn is the season of harvest and beauty. The weather becomes cool and dry, and the leaves on the trees turn into bright colours — red, orange, and gold. Farmers are busy harvesting crops like wheat, corn, and fruits. Families often go apple picking or have picnics in the park to enjoy the autumn scenery. For many people, autumn is also a time for reflection: after a busy summer, they can slow down and enjoy the quiet beauty of nature. Some animals, like squirrels, start to store food for the cold winter, while birds fly to warm places to spend the winter. Winter is the season of peace and celebration. In many places, it snows heavily, covering the ground in white. Children are the happiest in winter — they make snowmen, have snowball fights, and go skiing or skating. For adults, winter is a time to stay warm indoors, spend time with family, and celebrate festivals like Christmas and the Spring Festival. Some animals, such as bears and snakes, hibernate through the winter, waiting for the warm spring to come. No matter what the season is, there is always something special to enjoy. The changing seasons teach us to appreciate the beauty of nature and live in harmony with the world around us. 1．What do farmers usually do in spring according to the passage? A．They harvest crops like wheat and corn. B．They plough fields and sow seeds. C．They store food for the cold winter. D．They go hiking in the countryside. 2．Why does the writer mention extreme weather in summer? A．To show summer is the best season for outdoor activities. B．To warn people to stay safe in summer. C．To explain why people love summer holidays. D．To compare summer with other seasons. 3．What does the underlined word “hibernate” probably mean in Chinese? A．迁徙 B．觅食 C．冬眠 D．繁殖 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Summer is always cool and comfortable for everyone. B．Squirrels fly to warm places to spend the winter. C．Autumn is a season of harvest and quiet beauty. D．Children don’t like winter because of the cold weather. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce different activities and features of four seasons. B．To compare the differences between four seasons. C．To explain why summer and winter are the most popular seasons. D．To teach people how to deal with extreme weather in different seasons. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文以“四季，不同的乐趣”为核心主题，依次介绍了四个季节的特征、不同人群在各季节的活动与专属乐趣。 【详解】 1．根据第二段中“For farmers, spring is the busiest time of the year — they plough the fields, sow seeds, and prepare for a year of harvest.”可知，农民在春天通常耕田和播种。 2．根据第三段中“However, summer can also bring extreme weather, such as heavy rainstorms and heatwaves, so people need to stay safe.”可知，作者提到极端天气是为了提醒人们在夏天注意安全。 3．根据第五段中“Some animals, such as bears and snakes, hibernate through the winter, waiting for the warm spring to come.”及常识可知，熊和蛇在冬天睡觉等待春天到来，因此“hibernate”意为“冬眠”。 4．根据第四段中“Autumn is the season of harvest and beauty.”和“after a busy summer, they can slow down and enjoy the quiet beauty of nature”可知，秋天是收获和宁静美丽的季节。 5．文章标题为“Four Seasons, Different Joys”，正文各段分别描述了春夏秋冬四季的特征及人们在不同季节的活动，旨在介绍四季的不同活动和特点。 C Saihanba: From Desert to Green Forest Saihanba, a place in northern Hebei, has an amazing story. It used to be a dry desert, but now it’s one of the biggest man-made forests in the world. Its journey shows how people can change the environment for the better. Hundreds of years ago, Saihanba was a lush forest. Emperors often went there to hunt because it was full of trees and wild animals. But in the 1800s, things changed. Big forest fires broke out, and wars happened in the area. People also cut down many trees to build houses and make firewood. Slowly, the trees disappeared, and Saihanba turned into a desert. The desert caused big problems for nearby places, especially Beijing. Every spring, strong sandstorms blew from Saihanba to Beijing. The sand covered roads, made the air dirty, and even damaged houses. People in Beijing had to wear masks whenever a sandstorm came. The government knew they needed to fix this. In the early 1960s, a group of 369 scientists and young people went to Saihanba. Their goal was to plant trees and turn the desert back into a forest. But the work was hard. Saihanba’s weather was terrible: winter temperatures dropped to -40°C, and strong winds blew away young trees. Many people got sick from the cold and dry air, but no one gave up. They tried different trees to see which could live in the desert. At first, most trees died. But the team kept trying. Finally, they found that larch and pine trees could survive. They planted these trees carefully, one by one. Every year, more people joined them. Three generations of workers spent their lives planting trees in Saihanba. Their hard work paid off. Today, Saihanba is a green paradise with over 189,000 acres of forest. The forest makes clean air and water for nearby cities. It also stops sandstorms from reaching Beijing—there are now half as many sandstorms as before. Saihanba is also home to deer, foxes, and over 200 kinds of birds. In 2017, Saihanba won a big award from the UN for its great work in environmental protection. Today, people from all over the world come to visit. They learn about Saihanba’s story and see how people can make the Earth greener. 1．Why did Saihanba turn into a desert in the 1800s? A．There was no rain for years. B．Emperors hunted too many animals. C．Fires, wars, and tree cutting caused it. D．Sandstorms from Beijing covered it. 2．What problem did the Saihanba desert bring to Beijing? A．It caused floods in Beijing. B．It brought sandstorms to Beijing every spring. C．It made Beijing’s summer too hot. D．It polluted Beijing’s rivers. 3．What trees did workers plant successfully in Saihanba? A．Apple and pear trees. B．Larch and pine trees. C．Bamboo and willow trees. D．Oak and maple trees. 4．What award did Saihanba win in 2017? A．An award from the UN for environmental protection. B．A prize for the biggest forest. C．A prize for the best farm. D．An award for the most beautiful park. 5．What can we learn from Saihanba’s story? A．Deserts can never become forests. B．Hard work can change the environment. C．Only scientists can protect the Earth. D．It’s easy to plant trees in deserts. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了塞罕坝从曾经的森林变成荒漠，再通过几代人的努力恢复为绿色林海的故事，强调了人类通过努力可以改善环境。 【详解】 1．第二段中的句子“But in the 1800s, things changed. Big forest fires broke out, and wars happened in the area. People also cut down many trees...”表明，19 世纪塞罕坝变成荒漠是因为火灾、战争和砍伐树木。 2．第三段中的句子“Every spring, strong sandstorms blew from Saihanba to Beijing.”表明塞罕坝的沙漠每年春天给北京带来沙尘暴。 3．第五段中的句子“Finally, they found that larch and pine trees could survive.”表明，工人们成功种植的是落叶松和松树。 4．最后一段中的句子“In 2017, Saihanba won a big award from the UN for its great work in environmental protection.”表明2017年塞罕坝获得了联合国环境保护奖。 5．第一段中的句子“Its journey shows how people can change the environment for the better.”及全文内容表明，文章主旨是努力可以改变环境。 四、阅读还原 阅读短文，从所列选项中，选出最佳选项填入对应空白处，使短文通顺、连贯。(选项中有一项多余) A rainforest is a thick (茂密的) forest. It grows in hot places on Earth. It rains a lot there, so the ground of the forest is always wet. There are many trees and other kinds of plants in the rainforests. 1 They can grow over 30 meters tall. 2 Many animals live here because they can find lots of food. For example, they can eat the fruit or leaves from the trees. Rainforests are very important to us humans. 3 For example, we can make tables, chairs and paper from trees. In hot summer, we can also rest under the trees and feel cool. Rainforests are the lungs (肺) of the Earth. 4 Without clean air, people and animals can’t live. These plants also help to hold water when it rains. But now, rainforests are getting smaller and smaller. 5 A．So we must protect them. B．The trees here grow very tall. C．Rainforest is a wonder of nature. D．Rainforests are also homes for many wild animals. E．The plants here help to make the air clean and fresh. F．People can use the trees to make many things in our daily life. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．F 4．E 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇介绍热带雨林的科普短文，依次介绍了雨林的环境特征、植物与动物、对人类的重要作用（提供资源、净化空气），以及当前面临的危机，呼吁人们保护雨林。 【详解】 1．上文提到雨林里有很多树和植物，下文“They can grow over 30 meters tall.”，说明此处需要引出“树很高”的话题。B选项“这里的树长得非常高。”衔接下文对树高度的描述，逻辑通顺。 2．下文“Many animals live here because they can find lots of food.”，说明此处需要引出“动物”这一主题。D选项“雨林也是很多野生动物的家园”点明雨林是动物的栖息地，引出下文对动物的介绍。 3．上文“Rainforests are very important to us humans.”，下文举例“we can make tables, chairs and paper from trees”，说明此处需要说明雨林对人类的具体用途。F选项“人们可以用树制作日常生活中的很多物品”与下文举例的生活用品对应，逻辑连贯。 4．上文“Rainforests are the lungs of the Earth.”及下文“Without clean air, people and animals can’t live.”，说明此处需要解释“地球之肺”的作用 —— 净化空气。E选项“这里的植物有助于让空气变得干净清新”直接对应“地球之肺”的功能，并引出下文对干净空气重要性的描述。 5．上文“But now, rainforests are getting smaller and smaller.”，说明此处需要针对雨林缩小的问题给出应对措施。A选项“所以我们必须保护它们。”顺承上文的危机，提出保护的呼吁，逻辑通顺。 五、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 There are four seasons in a year, and each season has 1 (it) special features. Spring is a season of new life. The snow 2 (melt), and nature wakes up after the long winter. Warm rain falls on the forests and fields. Plants start 3 (grow), and birds come back from the south. Farmers begin to work their land. It is exciting 4 (take) a trip in the countryside in springtime. Summer is bright and noisy. The weather is hot, and the sun shines 5 (bright) in the clear, blue sky. Cicadas sing loudly. There is often thunder and lightning in the afternoon. Many people like to go to the beach and swim in the sea. It is nice 6 (eat) ice cream or fresh fruit in summer. Autumn is beautiful and full of colour. The weather is cool and dry. Leaves turn brown, red or yellow and start 7 (fall) from the trees. Squirrels gather food for the cold winter. Farmers are busy with the harvest. It is great 8 (go) on a family outing at this time of year. Winter is peaceful and fun. It is cold and snowy in many places. Bears and snakes find warm places 9 (sleep) through the winter. Children love winter because they love to play in the snow. We can enjoy different 10 (wonder) things in different seasons. 【答案】 1．its 2．melts 3．to grow / growing 4．to take 5．brightly 6．to eat 7．to fall / falling 8．to go 9．to sleep 10．wonderful 【导语】本文依次介绍了春、夏、秋、冬四个季节各自独特的景色、气候特点与相关活动，告诉我们能在不同季节欣赏到各式各样美好的事物。 【详解】 1．句意：一年有四个季节，每个季节都有它独特的特点。修饰名词special features，用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它独特的特点”。 2．句意：积雪融化，大自然在漫长的冬日过后苏醒过来。本段为一般现在时，主语the snow是不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数melts。 3．句意：植物开始生长，鸟儿从南方迁徙归来。固定搭配start to do sth/start doing sth，表示“开始做某事”，空处用不定式结构to grow，或是动名词形式growing。 4．句意：春天去乡下旅行是一件令人惬意又兴奋的事。固定句型It is+形容词+to do sth.，不定式作真正主语。 5．句意：天气炎热，太阳在澄澈的蓝天上明亮地照耀着。修饰动词shines要用副词，bright的副词形式为brightly。 6．句意：在夏天吃冰淇淋或者新鲜水果十分惬意。固定句型It is+形容词+to do sth.，不定式作真正主语。 7．句意：树叶变成棕、红、黄色，开始从树上飘落下来。固定搭配start to do sth/start doing sth，表示树叶开始飘落，用不定式结构to fall或动名词形式falling。 8．句意：每年这个时候全家外出游玩再合适不过了。固定句型It is+形容词+to do sth.，不定式作真正主语。 9．句意：熊和蛇会找到温暖的地方冬眠过冬。不定式作目的状语，熊和蛇寻找温暖的地方过冬睡觉。 10．句意：我们可以在不同的季节欣赏到各式各样美好的事物。修饰名词things需要用形容词，wonder的形容词形式是wonderful。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $