专题01 句子成份与基本句型（期中复习讲义）七年级英语上学期新教材沪教版五四学制

专题01 句子成份与基本句型 （期中复习讲义） 1. 主语：动作发出者，常位于句首。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 2. 谓语：动作（有时态、语态、单复数之分） I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 3. 宾语：动作承受者，位于及物动词或介词后。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 4. 宾语补足语：补充说明宾语情况。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 5. 表语（主语补足语）:补充说明主语情况，位于系动词之后。 Lisa was happy. 基本成分 句子成分 6. 状语:相当于副词，说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因等。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 7. 定语:相当于形容词，修饰名词和代词。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 8. 同位语:两者指的是同一人/物。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 修饰成分 1.主语+谓语(vi.) We work hard. 2.主语+谓语( vt.)+宾语 Tom bought a new book. 3.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语 They offer me a job. 4.主语+系动词+表语 Great talkers are little doers. 5.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾补 He made me go home. 五种基本句型 知识点01 句子成份 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （一）主语： 用法：一般位于句首，是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） （二）谓语： 用法：常位于主语之后，说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，总是由动词或动词短语充当。谓语与主语在人称和数上须保持一致。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （三）表语： 用法：位于系动词之后，说明主语“是什么”，“怎么样”。它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （四）宾语：用法：位于及物动词之后，表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式或相当于名词的词或短语充当。 例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. （五）宾语补足语： 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） （六）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） （七）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six? （时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语） 知识点02 基本句型 英语句子按照其结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句 简单句由五种基本句型构成，如下： 1） Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 2） Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） 3） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 4） Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 5） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 6) there be 句型 1）主语 + 系动词 + 表语：这种句型结构主要指谓语动词为连系动词的情况。常见的系动词有 ①be；②keep, remain, stay；③feel, taste, smell, sound, look；④seem, appear；⑤get, come, become, turn, grow, go；⑥prove, turn out等。 This is my English book. The weather is getting windy and rainy. The trouble is that they are short of money. 2) 主语 + 谓语：此句式中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语）, 如live, travel, work, lie, arrive, stay, agree, rise, fail, succeed, happen, get up，take place, 等。其后没有宾语。因为此句型中的动词表达的意思已经很明确，所以不需要跟宾语。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、程度、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等，可以带状语修饰动词。 Poems don't translate easily. My recent book sells very well. 3) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语：此句式中的谓语动词为及物动词（短语）, 如spend, visit, reach, forget, explain, take, discover, waste, trust, do with, look forward to, look after等，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确。宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当,如动词的-ing形式、动词不定式或从句等.。 I look forward to hearing from you soon. You can put the dishes in the kitchen. 4) 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：英语中有些及物动词能跟双宾语,即间接宾语(指人) 和直接宾语(指物) 。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。能跟双宾语的动词常见的有：give, offer, lend, teach, bring,take, return, send, hand, pass, buy, make, cook, get, sing, ask等。 The driver saved us a lot of trouble. They have offered us ＄60,000 for the house. 5) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语：英语中,有些及物动词除能跟宾语外,有时还须加一个补足语,句意才能完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、动词不定式和分词,副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。 本句型中的"宾语 + 宾语补足语",也可称之为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系,因此,逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点,它不同于第四基本句型中的 "间接宾语 + 直接宾语","间接宾语 + 直接宾语"之间并无逻辑上的主谓关系。 例： 1) We elected Liu Lei monitor.  2) The news made him unhappy.  3) You shouldn't let him go there alone.    基础题（测试时间：10分钟） 一、指出划线部分充当的成分 1．Analyze the sentence component of the underlined part: There was a cat in my yard yesterday. A．主语 B．定语 C．宾语 D．补语 2．Thanks, Mom. This is the best gift I have ever received. A．宾语 B．补语 C．定语 D．表语 3．He admits that he was mistaken. A．表语 B．定语 C．状语 D．宾语 4．The young man’s dream to become an astronaut has never changed. What’s the sentence element of the underlined words? A．主语 B．宾语 C．同位语 D．定语 5．It happened that a young writer with no publishing experience was able to create a best-selling novel. What’s the sentence element of the underlined words? A．主语 B．宾语 C．同位语 D．定语 二．分析句子:阅读短文，判断加粗句子所属基本句型 Now autumn arrives quietly in our neighbourhood.①The weather becomes cool and comfortable.Our community centre gives us ②many interesting outdoor activities every weekend.We find ③outdoor sports relaxing and helpful for our health.④There are many maple trees along both sides of the street.We always enjoy the beautiful scenery in fall. 提升题（测试时间：10分钟） 1．Could you ask the teacher to speak louder? A．真正主语 B．宾语补足语 C．直接宾语 D．间接宾语 2．A good friend is like a mirror. A．主语 B．状语 C．表语 D．谓语 3．The joke made us laugh. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．宾补 4．Daming became interested in English after he watched some English movies. A．宾语 B．宾补 C．状语 D．谓语 5．Would you mind lending me the book about AI? A．定语 B．直接宾语 C．间接宾语 D．宾补 6．The Spring Festival is the most important festival for Chinese people.（划线部分在句中作什么成分？） A．宾语 B．谓语 C．表语 D．状语 7．I prefer movies that give me something to think about. A．定语 B．宾语 C．谓语 D．状语 8．We all study hard at English. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．表语 9．They seemed unhappy when they heard the news. A．表语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 10．The sentence structure of “They make paper flowers.” is ________. A．S+V+IO+DO B．S+V+O+OC C．S+V D．S+V+O 11．The structure of the sentence “Mum passes me the salt” is ________. A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+O+O D．S+V+O+C 12．Which is the sentence structure of “The nature reserve provides a great home for animals”? A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+O+O D．S+V+O+C 13．The structure of the sentence“I saw the boy playing football on the playground.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+O+O D．S+V+O+C 14．“I sent Kangkang an email” is a sentence pattern of ________. A．S+V+O+O B．S+V+O C．S+V+P 15．The sentence “He is a clever boy.” is in the structure of ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 16．What’s the structure of the sentence “Millie is sitting under the shade of the trees”? A．S+V+O B．S+V C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 17．The sentence pattern of “He gave me a book.” is _________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V 18．What is the sentence structure of “Eddie is watching TV.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V 19．What’s the sentence pattern of “He asked me to sweep the floor.”? A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+O+OC D．S+V+IO+DO 20．The sentence pattern of “We make Wu Wei City beautiful.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 拓展题（测试时间：20分钟） 1．The sentence structure of “He painted the wall white. ” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 2．The sentence structure of “Our teachers always make their classes lively.” is _______. A．S+V+O B．S+V+DO+OC C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+P 3．Eating fish makes us clever. This sentence pattern is: ________. A．SVOC B．SVA C．SVOO D．SVO 4．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “Tom makes some boys laugh”? A．Tom is a kind and helpful boy. B．Tom is singing in his room now. C．Tom bought his mother a present. D．Tom often watches Mike play the piano. 5．What kind of structure is the sentence “The girl showed her classmates some photos.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 6．The structure of the sentence “Dad bought me a new computer” is “________”. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 7．My parents bought me a new bike as a present this morning. The underlined words in the sentence are ________. A．DO B．OC C．S D．P 8．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “Hobo gave Eddie some ice cream.”? A．Spring is warm and sunny. B．I will buy my mother a present. C．We keep our classroom clean. D．Butterflies play among flowers. 9．The main structure of the sentence “ Hobo built Eddie a tent with sticks yesterday.” is ________. A．S+V+P B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 10．What is the sentence structure of “Eddie is watching Hobo work.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 11．The main structure of the sentence “Hobo built Eddie a tent.” is ________ A．S + V + O B．S + V + P C．S + V + IO + DO D．S + V + DO + OC 12．—What’s the basic structure of the sentence “Our English teacher sometimes tells us interesting stories in class.”? —It is ________. A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+O D．S+V+DO+OC 13．The sentence structure of “Hobo gave Eddie some ice cream.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+IO+DO 14．Which of the following has the same sentence structure (结构) as “He bought his daughter a toy cat”? A．He felt tired after the long walk. B．He cleans his room every day. C．The bad news made him unhappy. D．He sent me a Christmas card. 15．“Yesterday my uncle bought me a new bike.” The sentence structure is ________. A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 2 / 14 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 句子成份与基本句型 （期中复习讲义） 1. 主语：动作发出者，常位于句首。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 2. 谓语：动作（有时态、语态、单复数之分） I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 3. 宾语：动作承受者，位于及物动词或介词后。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 4. 宾语补足语：补充说明宾语情况。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 5. 表语（主语补足语）:补充说明主语情况，位于系动词之后。 Lisa was happy. 基本成分 句子成分 6. 状语:相当于副词，说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因等。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 7. 定语:相当于形容词，修饰名词和代词。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 8. 同位语:两者指的是同一人/物。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 修饰成分 1.主语+谓语(vi.) We work hard. 2.主语+谓语( vt.)+宾语 Tom bought a new book. 3.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语 They offer me a job. 4.主语+系动词+表语 Great talkers are little doers. 5.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾补 He made me go home. 五种基本句型 知识点01 句子成份 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （一）主语： 用法：一般位于句首，是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） （二）谓语： 用法：常位于主语之后，说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，总是由动词或动词短语充当。谓语与主语在人称和数上须保持一致。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （三）表语： 用法：位于系动词之后，说明主语“是什么”，“怎么样”。它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （四）宾语：用法：位于及物动词之后，表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式或相当于名词的词或短语充当。 例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. （五）宾语补足语： 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） （六）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） （七）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six? （时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语） 知识点02 基本句型 英语句子按照其结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句 简单句由五种基本句型构成，如下： 1） Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 2） Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） 3） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 4） Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 5） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 6) there be 句型 1）主语 + 系动词 + 表语：这种句型结构主要指谓语动词为连系动词的情况。常见的系动词有 ①be；②keep, remain, stay；③feel, taste, smell, sound, look；④seem, appear；⑤get, come, become, turn, grow, go；⑥prove, turn out等。 This is my English book. The weather is getting windy and rainy. The trouble is that they are short of money. 2) 主语 + 谓语：此句式中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语）, 如live, travel, work, lie, arrive, stay, agree, rise, fail, succeed, happen, get up，take place, 等。其后没有宾语。因为此句型中的动词表达的意思已经很明确，所以不需要跟宾语。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、程度、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等，可以带状语修饰动词。 Poems don't translate easily. My recent book sells very well. 3) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语：此句式中的谓语动词为及物动词（短语）, 如spend, visit, reach, forget, explain, take, discover, waste, trust, do with, look forward to, look after等，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确。宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当,如动词的-ing形式、动词不定式或从句等.。 I look forward to hearing from you soon. You can put the dishes in the kitchen. 4) 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：英语中有些及物动词能跟双宾语,即间接宾语(指人) 和直接宾语(指物) 。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。能跟双宾语的动词常见的有：give, offer, lend, teach, bring,take, return, send, hand, pass, buy, make, cook, get, sing, ask等。 The driver saved us a lot of trouble. They have offered us ＄60,000 for the house. 5) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语：英语中,有些及物动词除能跟宾语外,有时还须加一个补足语,句意才能完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、动词不定式和分词,副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。 本句型中的"宾语 + 宾语补足语",也可称之为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系,因此,逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点,它不同于第四基本句型中的 "间接宾语 + 直接宾语","间接宾语 + 直接宾语"之间并无逻辑上的主谓关系。 例： 1) We elected Liu Lei monitor.  2) The news made him unhappy.  3) You shouldn't let him go there alone.    基础题（测试时间：10分钟） 一、指出划线部分充当的成分 1．Analyze the sentence component of the underlined part: There was a cat in my yard yesterday. A．主语 B．定语 C．宾语 D．补语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：昨天我的院子里有一只猫。题干要求“分析划线单词的句子成分”，在There be句型中，主语通常位于谓语动词之后，真正的主语是后面的名词短语a cat，表示存在的事物。因此，划线部分a cat在句中充当主语。故选A。 2．Thanks, Mom. This is the best gift I have ever received. A．宾语 B．补语 C．定语 D．表语 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：谢谢，妈妈。这是我收到过的最好的礼物。根据句意以及句子结构可知画线部分是一个省略了关系词的定语从句，意为“我收到过的”，修饰先行词“gift”，关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时，可以省略。故选 C。 3．He admits that he was mistaken. A．表语 B．定语 C．状语 D．宾语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：他承认自己犯了错。he作主语，及物动词admits作谓语，that he was mistaken作宾语，为that引导的宾语从句。故选D。 4．The young man’s dream to become an astronaut has never changed. What’s the sentence element of the underlined words? A．主语 B．宾语 C．同位语 D．定语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：这个年轻人想成为宇航员的梦想从未改变。分析句子可知，题干中主句为“The young man’s dream has never changed”（年轻人的梦想从未改变），划线部分 “to become an astronaut”（成为一名宇航员）是对前面名词“dream”（梦想）的具体内容解释说明—— 即“梦想是什么”，二者指涉同一事物（梦想 = 成为宇航员），符合同位语的定义。故选C项。 5．It happened that a young writer with no publishing experience was able to create a best-selling novel. What’s the sentence element of the underlined words? A．主语 B．宾语 C．同位语 D．定语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分辨析。句意：碰巧一位没有出版经验的年轻作家能够创作出一部畅销小说。“with no publishing experience”是一个介词短语，用来修饰前面的名词“a young writer”，说明这位作家的特征，作定语。故选D项。 二．分析句子:阅读短文，判断加粗句子所属基本句型 Now autumn arrives quietly in our neighbourhood.①The weather becomes cool and comfortable.Our community centre gives us ②many interesting outdoor activities every weekend.We find ③outdoor sports relaxing and helpful for our health.④There are many maple trees along both sides of the street.We always enjoy the beautiful scenery in fall. 答案 1. SVP（主系表）2. SVoO（主谓 + 间宾 + 直宾） 3. SVOC（主谓宾宾补.）4. There be 句型 提升题（测试时间：10分钟） 1．Could you ask the teacher to speak louder? A．真正主语 B．宾语补足语 C．直接宾语 D．间接宾语 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你能要求老师大声点说话吗？ 句子结构为“ask sb. to do sth.”，意为“要求某人做某事”。其中“the teacher”是宾语，划线部分“to speak louder”为动词不定式短语，用来补充说明宾语的动作，在句中作宾语补足语。 2．A good friend is like a mirror. A．主语 B．状语 C．表语 D．谓语 【答案】C 【详解】句意：好朋友就像一面镜子。 句中“A good friend”是主语，“is”是系动词，划线部分“like a mirror”位于系动词之后，作表语，用来说明主语的特征或状态。 3．The joke made us laugh. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．宾补 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个笑话让我们笑了。 分析句子结构可知，The joke作主语，made作谓语，us作宾语。固定用法make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，laugh是不带to的不定式，用来补充说明宾语us的动作，作宾语补足语。 4．Daming became interested in English after he watched some English movies. A．宾语 B．宾补 C．状语 D．谓语 【答案】C 【详解】句意：大明在看了几部英文电影后对英语产生了兴趣。 考查句子成分分析。根据“Daming became interested in English after he watched some English movies.”可知，划线部分“after he watched some English movies”是一个时间状语从句，说明主句动作发生的时间，作状语。故选C。 5．Would you mind lending me the book about AI? A．定语 B．直接宾语 C．间接宾语 D．宾补 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你介意把那本关于人工智能的书借给我吗？ 考查句子成分。lend是双宾语动词，常见结构为lend sb. sth.，其中sb.是间接宾语，sth.是直接宾语。本句中me是间接宾语，the book是直接宾语。故选B。 6．The Spring Festival is the most important festival for Chinese people.（划线部分在句中作什么成分？） A．宾语 B．谓语 C．表语 D．状语 【答案】C 【详解】句意：春节对中国人来说是最重要的节日。 考查句子成分。句中画线部分“the most important festival for Chinese people”位于系动词is之后，说明主语“The Spring Festival”是什么，因此充当表语。故选C。 7．I prefer movies that give me something to think about. A．定语 B．宾语 C．谓语 D．状语 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我更喜欢能给我一些思考的电影。 考查句子成分。根据“that give me something to think about”可知，划线部分修饰名词movies，为定语从句，作定语。故选A。 8．We all study hard at English. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．表语 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们都努力学习英语。 考查句子成分。we作主语；study作谓语；hard是副词，作状语，修饰动词study；English作介词at后的宾语。故选C。 9．They seemed unhappy when they heard the news. A．表语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当他们听到这个消息时，他们似乎不开心。 考查句子成分。“seemed”是seem“似乎，好像” 的过去式，是系动词，unhappy“不开心的”是形容词作表语，“seemed unhappy”整体构成“系表结构”来描述主语“They”的状态，说明“他们看起来的状态是不开心”，所以“seemed unhappy”是句子的谓语部分。故选B。 10．The sentence structure of “They make paper flowers.” is ________. A．S+V+IO+DO B．S+V+O+OC C．S+V D．S+V+O 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“They make paper flowers.”的句子结构是“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”。 S+V+IO+DO（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语，双宾语结构）；S+V+O+OC（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）；S+V（主谓，不及物动词后面不加宾语）；S+V+O（主谓宾）。They作主语；make作谓语；paper flowers作宾语。故选D。 11．The structure of the sentence “Mum passes me the salt” is ________. A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+O+O D．S+V+O+C 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“Mum passes me the salt”这个句子的结构是？ S+V (主语+谓语)；S+V+P (主语+谓语+表语)；S+V+O+O (主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)；S+V+O+C (主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)。“Mum passes me the salt”中，Mum是主语 (S)，passes是谓语 (V)，me是间接宾语 (IO)，the salt是直接宾语 (DO)，属于双宾语结构，即S+V+O+O。 12．Which is the sentence structure of “The nature reserve provides a great home for animals”? A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+O+O D．S+V+O+C 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“自然保护区为动物提供了一个很好的家园。”的句子结构是什么？ S+V主谓；S+V+P主系表；S+V+O+O主谓双宾；S+V+O+C主谓宾宾补。根据句中动词provides的用法“provide sth. for sb.（为某人提供某物）”可知，句子包含主语、谓语、两个宾语，应选S+V+O+O。 13．The structure of the sentence“I saw the boy playing football on the playground.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+O+O D．S+V+O+C 【答案】D 【详解】句意：句子“I saw the boy playing football on the playground.”的结构是______。 句子中，I（主语S）saw（谓语V）the boy（宾语O）playing football（宾语补足语C，补充说明宾语的动作状态），on the playground是地点状语，不属于句子主干结构，因此该句结构为S+V+O+C（主谓宾宾补）。 14．“I sent Kangkang an email” is a sentence pattern of ________. A．S+V+O+O B．S+V+O C．S+V+P 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“我发给康康一封电子邮件”是一个“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”的句型。   S+V+O+O（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语）；S+V+O（主语+谓语+宾语）；S+V+P（主语+系动词+表语）。  句子“I sent Kangkang an email”中，I是主语（S），sent是谓语动词（V），Kangkang是间接宾语（O），an email是直接宾语（O），因此属于“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构，即S+V+O+O。 15．The sentence “He is a clever boy.” is in the structure of ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】C 【详解】句意：句子“He is a clever boy.”的结构是______。 S+V(主语+谓语)；S+V+O (主语+谓语+宾语)；S+V+P(主语+系动词+表语)；S+V+O+OC(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)。 句中He是主语(S)，is是系动词(V)，a clever boy是表语(P)，属于主系表结构，对应S+V+P。 16．What’s the structure of the sentence “Millie is sitting under the shade of the trees”? A．S+V+O B．S+V C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Millie正坐在树荫下。 分析句子成分可知，Millie 是主语（S）；is sitting是谓语动词（V），sit为不及物动词；under the shade of the trees是地点状语，不属于句子主干成分。因此本句的结构是：S+V。 17．The sentence pattern of “He gave me a book.” is _________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“他给了我一本书。”这个句子的结构是：主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。 S+V+O主谓宾；S+V+P主系表；S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V主谓。He是主语（S），gave是谓语动词（V），me是间接宾语（IO），a book是直接宾语（DO），因此句子结构是S+V+IO+DO。 18．What is the sentence structure of “Eddie is watching TV.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“Eddie is watching TV.”这句话的句子结构是什么？ S+V+O主谓宾结构；S+V+IO+DO主谓双宾结构；S+V+P主系表结构；S+V主谓结构。Eddie是主语S，is watching是谓语V，TV是宾语O，该句为主谓宾结构，应填S+V+O。 19．What’s the sentence pattern of “He asked me to sweep the floor.”? A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+O+OC D．S+V+IO+DO 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“他让我扫地。”的句型结构是什么？ 考查基本句型。S+V主语+谓语；S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+O+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾补；S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间宾+直宾。He是主语，asked是谓语，me是宾语，to sweep the floor是宾语补足语。故选C。 20．The sentence pattern of “We make Wu Wei City beautiful.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“我们让无为市美丽。”的句型是S+V+DO+OC。 考查基本句型。S+V+O表示“主语+及物动词+宾语”；S+V+P表示“主语+系动词+表语”；S+V+IO+DO表示“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”；S+V+DO+OC表示“主语+及物动词+直接宾语+宾语补足语”。句子“We make Wu Wei City beautiful.”的主语是“We”，谓语是“make”，直接宾语是“Wu Wei City”，宾语补足语是“beautiful”，因此是“S+V+DO+OC”句型。故选D。 拓展题（测试时间：20分钟） 1．The sentence structure of “He painted the wall white. ” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“他把墙壁涂成白色。”这句话的结构是：“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”。 考查句子结构。S+V+O即：主语+及物动词+宾语；S+V+IO+DO即：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO+OC即：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语；S+V+P即：主语+系动词+表语。根据句子成分可知，he为主语； painted为及物动词；the wall为宾语；white是形容词，对宾语the wall加以补充说明，为宾语补足语；因此此句的句子结构为S+V+DO+OC。故选C。 2．The sentence structure of “Our teachers always make their classes lively.” is _______. A．S+V+O B．S+V+DO+OC C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+P 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“我们的老师总是使他们的课生动活泼”的句式是主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语。 考查句子结构。S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语；S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+P主语+连系动词+表语。根据“Our teachers always make their classes lively.”可知，our teachers作主语；always作状语；make作谓语；their classes作宾语；lively作宾语补足语。故本句属于“S+V+DO+OC”结构。故选B。 3．Eating fish makes us clever. This sentence pattern is: ________. A．SVOC B．SVA C．SVOO D．SVO 【答案】A 【详解】吃鱼使我们聪明。这个句型是：SVOC。 考查句子结构。Eating fish为主语；makes为谓语；us为宾语；clever为宾语补足语，形容词作宾补。因此本句的结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”。故选A。 4．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “Tom makes some boys laugh”? A．Tom is a kind and helpful boy. B．Tom is singing in his room now. C．Tom bought his mother a present. D．Tom often watches Mike play the piano. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：以下哪个句子结构与“汤姆让一些男孩笑”相同？ 考查句子结构。Tom is a kind and helpful boy.是“主系表”结构；Tom is singing in his room now.是“主谓”结构；Tom bought his mother a present.是“主谓双宾”结构；Tom often watches Mike play the piano.是“主谓宾宾补”结构。“Tom makes some boys laugh”是 “主语+谓语+宾语+宾补” 结构，与选项D结构相同。故选D。 5．What kind of structure is the sentence “The girl showed her classmates some photos.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】C 【详解】题意：句子“The girl showed her classmates some photos.”的结构是什么？ 考查句子结构。A. S+V+O主+谓+宾；B. S+V+P主系表；C. S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间宾+直宾；D. S+V+DO+OC主+谓+宾语+宾补。the girl 是主语，showed是谓语，her classmates是间接宾语（IO），some photos是直接宾语（DO），故选C。 6．The structure of the sentence “Dad bought me a new computer” is “________”. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“爸爸给我买了台新电脑”这句话的结构是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”。 考查句子结构。S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+P主语+谓语+表语；S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾补；“Dad bought me a new computer”中，主语是Dad，谓语是bought（及物动词），间接宾语是me（人），直接宾语是 a new computer（物），符合C选项中“S+V+IO+DO”结构。故选C。 7．My parents bought me a new bike as a present this morning. The underlined words in the sentence are ________. A．DO B．OC C．S D．P 【答案】A 【详解】句意：今天早上我父母给我买了一辆新自行车作为礼物。句子中划线的单词是直接宾语。 考查句子成分。DO直接宾语；OC宾语补足语；S主语；P表语。题干是短语buy sb sth，sb和sth都是宾语，sb是间接宾语，sth是直接宾语。故选A。 8．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “Hobo gave Eddie some ice cream.”? A．Spring is warm and sunny. B．I will buy my mother a present. C．We keep our classroom clean. D．Butterflies play among flowers. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下列哪一个句子的结构与“Hobo gave Eddie some ice cream.”相同？ 考查句子结构。Spring is warm and sunny.(主+系+表)；I will buy my mother a present.(主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语)；We keep our classroom clean.(主+谓+宾+宾语补足语)；Butterflies play among flowers.(主+谓+状语)。题干中“Hobo gave Eddie some ice cream.”是“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构，与B项结构相同。故选B。 9．The main structure of the sentence “ Hobo built Eddie a tent with sticks yesterday.” is ________. A．S+V+P B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“霍博昨天用木棍给埃迪盖了一个帐篷”这句话的主要结构是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”。 考查句子结构。Hobo是主语，built是谓语，Eddie是间接宾语，a tent是直接宾语，with sticks是方式状语，yesterday是时间状语，所以该句的主要结构是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”，即“S+V+IO+DO”。故选C。 10．What is the sentence structure of “Eddie is watching Hobo work.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“Eddie is watching Hobo work.”的句子结构是什么？ 考查基本句型。分析句子结构可知， Eddie为主语 (S)； is watching为谓语 (V)；Hobo为宾语 (O)；work为宾语补足语 (OC)。故选D。 11．The main structure of the sentence “Hobo built Eddie a tent.” is ________ A．S + V + O B．S + V + P C．S + V + IO + DO D．S + V + DO + OC 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“霍博给埃迪搭建了一个帐篷。”句子的主要结构是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”。 考查句子成分。Hobo是主语，built是谓语，Eddie是间接宾语，a tent是直接宾语。因此，这句话的结构是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”，即S + V + IO + DO。故选C。 12．—What’s the basic structure of the sentence “Our English teacher sometimes tells us interesting stories in class.”? —It is ________. A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+O D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——“Our English teacher sometimes tells us interesting stories in class.”这句话的基本结构是什么？——结构是：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。 考查句子结构。S+V+P表示“主语+系动词+表语”；S+V+IO+DO表示“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”；S+V+O表示“主语+谓语+宾语”；S+V+DO+OC表示“主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语”。分析句子可知，“Our English teacher”是主语，“tells”是谓语，“us”是间接宾语，“interesting stories”是直接宾语。故选B。 13．The sentence structure of “Hobo gave Eddie some ice cream.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+IO+DO 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“Hobo给了Eddie一些冰淇淋。”的句子结构是主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。 考查句子结构。Hobo是主语，gave是谓语，Eddie是间接宾语，some ice cream是直接宾语。因此这个句子的结构是主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语，即S+V+IO+DO。故选D。 14．Which of the following has the same sentence structure (结构) as “He bought his daughter a toy cat”? A．He felt tired after the long walk. B．He cleans his room every day. C．The bad news made him unhappy. D．He sent me a Christmas card. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪一句和“He bought his daughter a toy cat”句子的结构相同？ 考查句子结构。He felt tired after the long walk.是主系表结构；He cleans his room every day.是主谓宾结构；The bad news made him unhappy.是主谓宾+宾补结构；He sent me a Christmas card.是主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语。根据“He bought his daughter a toy cat.”可知，此句结构是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”，故选D。 15．“Yesterday my uncle bought me a new bike.” The sentence structure is ________. A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天我的叔叔给我们买了一辆新的自行车。这句话是主谓+双宾语的结构。 考查句子结构。S+V主+谓；S+V+P主+系+表；S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间宾+直宾；S+V+DO+OC主+谓+宾+宾补。主语是my uncle，谓语动词是bought，me是间接宾语，a new bike是直接宾语。故选C。 2 / 14 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $