Unit 2 Be Sporty,Be Healthy 词形变化背诵单及巩固练习‑2026‑2027学年高中英语译林版必修第二册

必修二 Unit 2 词形变化背诵单及巩固练习 一．重点词汇词形变化 1．congratulate vt. 祝贺 → congratulation n. 祝贺（常用复数 congratulations） 2．tend vi. 往往会　vt. 照看 → trend n. 趋势，倾向 3．injure vt. 伤害；损害 → injured adj. 受伤的 → injury n. 伤害，损伤 4．prevent vt. 阻止 → prevention n. 预防，防止 5．equip vt. 配备；装备 → equipment n. 设备；装备（不可数） 6．announce vt. 宣布；通知 → announcement n. 公告 → announcer n. 广播员，播音员 7．hesitate vi. 犹豫，迟疑 → hesitant adj. 犹豫的；踌躇的 → hesitation n. 犹豫，迟疑 8．admit vt. & vi. 承认；准许进入 → admission n. 承认；进入权 9．inspire vt. 激励，鼓舞 → inspiration n. 灵感 → inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 → inspired adj. 有灵感的；品质优秀的 10．explore vt. & vi. 探索 → explorer n. 探险者 → exploration n. 勘探；探究 11．satisfaction n. 满意；满足 → satisfy vt. 使满意，使满足 → satisfying adj. 令人满足的 → satisfied adj. 满意的；满足的 12．philosophy n. 哲学 → philosophical adj. 哲学的 → philosopher n. 哲学家 13．exist vi. 存在；生存 → existence n. 存在 14．breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸 → breath n. 呼吸；气息 → breathless adj. 喘不过气的 → breathlessly adv. 上气不接下气地 15．replace vt. 用……替换；取代 → replacement n. 替换；替代品 16．movement n. 运动；移动 → move vi. & vt. 移动；变化 → moving adj. 令人感动的 → moved adj. 感动的 二．巩固练习（单句语法填空，共 20 题） 1．________ (congratulate) came pouring in from every corner of the world when the news of her winning the gold medal was finally confirmed. 2．It was the young ________ (explore) who first mapped the river, though he died in poverty and never received the recognition he deserved. 3．Doctors agree that the ________ (prevent) of heart disease depends far more on the habits of daily life than on the medicines a patient is given. 4．Holding his ________ (breathe) as the goalkeeper dived towards the ball, the boy did not dare to blink until the whole stadium exploded with cheers. 5．Although the coach insisted that his team was fully fit, three of the players were still nursing ________ (injure) that they had picked up in the previous match. 6．The old fisherman's attitude towards storms at sea is deeply ________ (philosophy), and that is why his neighbours, who have known him for forty years, still turn to him for advice. 7．________ (admit) to the concert is free for students, but the seats are limited and must be booked online at least a week in advance. 8．The ________ (move) that the dancers made were so smooth and controlled that the audience sat perfectly still, afraid to break the spell. 9．Her speech at the graduation ceremony, ________ (inspire) by the stories her grandmother used to tell, moved many of the students to tears. 10．The ________ (announce) of the results, which had twice been put off, was finally made on the club's website shortly after midnight. 11．By the time she reached the top of the hill, she was so ________ (breathe) that she could hardly speak a complete sentence. 12．________ (injure) in the first half of the game, the captain could do nothing but watch the rest of the match from the bench, cheering his teammates on. 13．What makes the job truly ________ (satisfaction) is not the salary but the knowledge that you have helped someone through a difficult time. 14．Every autumn, designers in Paris set a new ________ (tend) for the following year, and shops around the world rush to copy the look within weeks. 15．No one could have guessed that the shy young player would turn out to be the perfect ________ (replace) for the captain, who had retired without warning a month earlier. 16．What the young athletes needed most, according to their coach, was not extra training but an ________ (inspire) story that would keep them going through the hardest weeks of the season. 17．The new gym is fitted with modern ________ (equip) that allows the coaches to record every movement of the athletes and analyse it frame by frame. 18．The villagers had no idea of the ________ (exist) of the underground lake until their wells suddenly began to dry up one after another. 19．Although the coach was far from ________ (satisfaction) with the team's performance, he praised the players' courage in front of the cameras. 20．After a moment of ________ (hesitate), she stepped onto the stage and began to speak as though she had done it a hundred times before. 参考答案 1．【答案】Congratulations 【考点】词形变化＋名词的数＋首字母大写——句首作主语，表示“祝贺”用复数形式。 【派生】congratulate vt. 祝贺 → congratulation n. 祝贺（常用复数 congratulations）。 【句析】the moment (that)... 引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”；从句中 that the young scientist had won the prize 一类 that 从句在此作同位语，解释 the news；主句谓语为 came pouring in，主语为句首的 Congratulations。 2．【答案】explorer 【考点】词形变化——the young 后接指人名词，与后面的 who 从句一致。 【派生】explore vt. & vi. 探索 → explorer n. 探险者 → exploration n. 勘探；探究。 【句析】It was the young explorer who first mapped the river 为强调句型，被强调部分是主语；though 引导让步状语从句；he deserved 为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰 the recognition。 3．【答案】prevention 【考点】词形变化——定冠词 the 后接名词，与 of heart disease 一起作宾语从句的主语。 【派生】prevent vt. 阻止，预防 → prevention n. 预防，防止（不可数）。 【句析】that 引导宾语从句，从句中 the prevention of heart disease 作主语，谓语为 depends on；far more... than... 为比较结构，than 后为名词短语 the medicines a patient is given，其中 a patient is given 为省略关系代词的定语从句。 4．【答案】breath 【考点】词形变化＋拼写辨析——形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词，构成 hold one's breath（屏住呼吸）。 【派生】breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸（动词，词尾有 e，读 /briːð/）→ breath n. 呼吸；气息（名词，无 e，读 /breθ/）。 【句析】Holding his breath as the goalkeeper dived towards the ball 为现在分词短语作时间状语，其中 as 引导时间状语从句；主句为 the boy did not dare to blink；until the whole stadium exploded with cheers 为时间状语从句。 5．【答案】injuries 【考点】词形变化＋名词的数——nursing 后接名词作宾语，three of the players 决定用复数。 【派生】injure vt. 伤害 → injured adj. 受伤的 → injury n. 伤害，损伤（可数；复数 injuries）。 【句析】Although 引导让步状语从句；主句中 three of the players 作主语，were still nursing 为过去进行时；that they had picked up in the previous match 为定语从句修饰 injuries，had picked up 表示“过去的过去”。 6．【答案】philosophical 【考点】词形变化——系动词 is 后接形容词作表语，deeply 修饰该形容词。 【派生】philosophy n. 哲学 → philosophical adj. 哲学的，达观的 → philosopher n. 哲学家。 【句析】主句为 The old fisherman's attitude towards storms at sea is deeply philosophical；and 连接并列分句，其中 why 引导表语从句，who have known him for forty years 为非限制性定语从句修饰 his neighbours，still turn to him for advice 为主句谓语部分。 7．【答案】Admission 【考点】词形变化——句首作主语用名词；admission to... 意为“……的入场（许可）”，首字母大写。 【派生】admit vt. & vi. 承认；准许进入 → admission n. 承认；进入权；门票费。 【句析】Admission to the concert is free for students 为主句；but 连接并列分句 the seats are limited and must be booked online...，其中 must be booked 为含情态动词的被动语态；at least a week in advance 作时间状语。 8．【答案】movements 【考点】词形变化＋名词的数——定冠词 The 后接名词作主语，谓语 were 表明用复数。 【派生】move vi. & vt. 移动，变化 → movement n. 运动；移动（可数）→ moving adj. 令人感动的 → moved adj. 感动的。 【句析】that the dancers made 为定语从句修饰 The movements；so smooth and controlled that... 为 so... that... 结果状语从句；afraid to break the spell 为形容词短语作伴随状语。 9．【答案】inspired 【考点】非谓语动词——过去分词短语作插入语（后置定语），Her speech 与 inspire 之间为被动关系。 【派生】inspire vt. 激励，鼓舞 → inspiration n. 灵感 → inspired adj. 有灵感的，受到启发的 → inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的。 【句析】Her speech at the graduation ceremony 为主句主语；inspired by the stories her grandmother used to tell 为过去分词短语作插入语，其中 her grandmother used to tell 为省略关系代词的定语从句；谓语 moved many of the students to tears 为“move sb to tears”结构。 10．【答案】announcement 【考点】词形变化——定冠词 The 后接名词作主句主语；谓语 was made 表明用单数。 【派生】announce vt. 宣布，通知 → announcement n. 公告，通知。 【句析】which had twice been put off 为非限制性定语从句修饰 The announcement，用过去完成时的被动语态；主句谓语 was finally made 为一般过去时的被动语态，与从句形成时间先后；shortly after midnight 为时间状语。 11．【答案】breathless 【考点】词形变化——so... that... 结构中作表语用形容词，意为“喘不过气的”。 【派生】breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸 → breath n. 呼吸；气息 → breathless adj. 喘不过气的 → breathlessly adv. 上气不接下气地。 【句析】By the time she reached the top of the hill 为时间状语从句（By the time 引导的从句用一般过去时）；主句为 so... that... 结果状语从句，she was so breathless that she could hardly speak a complete sentence。 12．【答案】Injured 【考点】非谓语动词——过去分词短语作状语，逻辑主语 the captain 与 injure 之间为被动关系，句首首字母大写。 【派生】injure vt. 伤害 → injured adj. 受伤的（the injured 可指“伤员”）。 【句析】Injured in the first half of the game 为过去分词短语作原因状语；主句 the captain could do nothing but watch... 中 do nothing but do 为固定结构，but 后接动词原形；cheering his teammates on 为现在分词短语作伴随状语。 13．【答案】satisfying 【考点】词形变化——makes 后接形容词作宾语补足语；表示“令人满足的”，修饰事物用 -ing 形式。 【派生】satisfy vt. 使满意 → satisfying adj. 令人满意的（修饰事物）→ satisfied adj. 感到满意的（修饰人）→ satisfaction n. 满意，满足。 【句析】What makes the job truly satisfying 为主语从句，其中 make + 宾语 + 宾补 为复合宾语结构；系动词 is 后由 not... but... 连接并列表语；that you have helped someone through a difficult time 为同位语从句，解释 the knowledge。 14．【答案】trend 【考点】词形变化（形近词）——a new 后接名词；set a trend 为固定搭配，意为“开创一种潮流”。 【派生】tend vi. 往往会，倾向于；vt. 照看 → trend n. 趋势，倾向（注意拼写与词性均发生变化）。 【句析】Every autumn 为时间状语；主句为 designers in Paris set a new trend for the following year；and 连接并列分句，其中 rush to copy the look 为“rush to do sth”结构；within weeks 表时间。 15．【答案】replacement 【考点】词形变化——the perfect 后接名词；replacement for 意为“……的替代者／替代品”。 【派生】replace vt. 用……替换，取代 → replacement n. 替换；替代品。 【句析】No one could have guessed 中 could have done 表示对过去的推测；that 引导宾语从句，从句中 the shy young player 作主语，would turn out to be 为系表结构；who had retired without warning a month earlier 为非限制性定语从句修饰 the captain。 16．【答案】inspiring 【考点】词形变化——修饰名词 story 用形容词；表示“令人鼓舞的”，修饰事物用 -ing 形式。 【派生】inspire vt. 激励 → inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的（修饰事物）→ inspired adj. 受到启发的（修饰人）。 【句析】What the young athletes needed most 为主语从句；according to their coach 为插入语；was not... but... 连接并列表语；that would keep them going through the hardest weeks 为定语从句修饰 story，其中 keep sb doing sth 为固定结构。 17．【答案】equipment 【考点】词形变化——modern 后接名词；equipment 为不可数名词，故谓语用 allows。 【派生】equip vt. 配备，装备 → equipment n. 设备；装备（不可数，无复数形式）。 【句析】主句为 The new gym is fitted with modern equipment；that allows the coaches to record... and analyse... 为定语从句修饰 equipment，其中 allow sb to do sth 为固定结构，analyse it frame by frame 与 to record 并列。 18．【答案】existence 【考点】词形变化——the 后接名词，与 of the underground lake 一起作介词 of 的宾语。 【派生】exist vi. 存在；生存 → existence n. 存在；生存。 【句析】The villagers had no idea of the existence of... 中 of 短语作后置定语，修饰 idea；until 引导时间状语从句；their wells suddenly began to dry up one after another 中 begin to do 为固定结构，one after another 作方式状语。 19．【答案】satisfied 【考点】词形变化——介词 from 后接形容词作表语；表示“人感到满意的”用 -ed 形式。 【派生】satisfaction n. 满意，满足 → satisfy vt. 使满意 → satisfied adj. 感到满意的（修饰人）→ satisfying adj. 令人满意的（修饰事物）。 【句析】Although 引导让步状语从句；主句中 be far from satisfied with... 意为“对……远不满意”；he praised the players' courage in front of the cameras 为主句的谓语部分。 20．【答案】hesitation 【考点】词形变化——介词 of 前有 a moment of，需接名词。 【派生】hesitate vi. 犹豫，迟疑 → hesitant adj. 犹豫的 → hesitation n. 犹豫，迟疑。 【句析】After a moment of hesitation 为介词短语作时间状语；主句 she stepped onto the stage and began to speak 中 stepped 与 began 并列；as though she had done it a hundred times before 为方式状语从句，用虚拟语气的过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $