专题03 Units 3-4（语篇综合练）英语新教材沪教版八年级上册

专题03 Units 3~4（语篇综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 完形填空 ： 青少年从沉迷手机到学会自律 人与自我—数字时代的自我管理 U3 ✅ 记叙文 阅读理解A： 未来智能城市如何改变生活 人与社会——科技改变生活 U3 ✅ 说明文 阅读理解B 车轮的发明及其对人类的影响 人与社会——伟大发明改变世界 U4 ✅ 说明文 阅读理解C 关于毕昇与活字印刷的梦境故事 人与社会——古代发明家的智慧 U4 ✅ 记叙文 阅读还原 如何选择合适的笔记本电脑 人与自我——数字设备选购指南 U3 ✅ 说明文 任务阅读A 计算机从过去到未来的发展历程 人与社会——数字技术发展 U3 ✅ 说明文 任务阅读B 学生用数据记录改变学习习惯的故事 人与自我——用数据优化学习 ✅ 记叙文 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 话题：人与自我——数字时代的自我管理 ｜ 体裁：记叙文 ｜ 词数：约290 来源：参考2026年中考“青少年网络素养”热点话题，结合U3词汇原创改编 Last summer, 14-year-old Lin Xi received a new laptop from his parents as a birthday gift. He was overjoyed. 1______ he could finally play his favourite games and watch videos anytime he wanted. For the first few weeks, Lin Xi spent hours every day on his laptop. He would 2______ games and videos without stopping. He stayed up late every night, 3______ his homework and falling asleep in class. His grades began to drop 4______. His parents noticed the change. They sat down with him for a serious talk. “Lin Xi, we gave you the laptop to help with your studies, not to 5______ your life,” his father said. “Look at the 6______. Your screen time has increased to over eight hours a day. That's not healthy.” Lin Xi felt ashamed. He realized that he had let the digital 7______ control him instead of the other way around. He decided to make a 8______. He made a clear schedule for using his laptop—only between 7 and 9 p.m. for study purposes. He also 9______ an app that could record his screen time and send him warnings when he exceeded（超过）the limit. The first week was hard. He often 10______ his hand towards the laptop, then stopped himself. But he didn't give up. He asked his parents to 11______ him stick to the rules. After three months, Lin Xi 12______ his screen time data again. The number had dropped from 56 hours per week to just 18. He felt more energetic, more focused, and his grades 13______ back up. Now Lin Xi believes that digital devices are useful tools, but we must control them—not let them 14______ us. He often shares his story on social media, hoping to 15______ more teenagers to use their devices wisely. 1. A. Now that B. So that C. Even if D. As if 2. A. download B. upload C. record D. create 3. A. checking B. finishing C. forgetting D. preparing 4. A. sharply B. slowly C. smoothly D. heavily 5. A. save B. control C. improve D. change 6. A. effects B. numbers C. opinions D. comments 7. A. device B. screen C. system D. schedule 8. A. wish B. promise C. change D. choice 9. A. checked B. downloaded C. weighed D. counted 10. A. raised B. reached C. placed D. moved 11. A. warn B. influence C. help D. advise 12. A. checked B. counted C. weighed D. recorded 13. A. came B. went C. climbed D. looked 14. A. serve B. control C. depend D. benefit 15. A. influence B. advise C. warn D. check 二、阅读理解 A 话题：人与社会——科技改变生活 ｜ 体裁：说明文 ｜ 词数：约270 阅读策略：finding examples that support opinions 来源：参考2026中考“智慧城市”热点话题，结合U3词汇原创改编 Imagine a city where rubbish bins can “talk” to the garbage trucks. Where traffic lights can “see” how many cars are on the road. Where your home knows when you are coming back and turns on the lights for you. This is not a dream—it is the smart city of the future. Thanks to the Internet of Things（物联网）, everything in a smart city can be connected to the internet. Different devices can communicate with each other and share data. This brings big changes to the way we live. For example, smart rubbish bins can send a message when they are full. The garbage collection company can then plan better collection routes. This saves time and energy. Smart traffic systems can change the timing of traffic lights according to the number of cars on the road. This helps traffic flow more smoothly. Fewer traffic jams mean less air pollution. Smart homes are also part of the smart city. Your home can check your health through small devices you wear. It can warn you about health problems before they become serious. With this information, doctors can provide better treatment. However, there are also challenges. Some experts warn that smart devices can be hacked. Others worry that people may lose their privacy（隐私）. So while we enjoy the convenience of smart cities, we must also be careful. As Dr Li, a technology expert, said in a recent interview, “Technology should serve people, not control them.” 1. What is a smart city according to the passage? A. A city with many tall buildings. B. A city where devices are connected to the internet. C. A city with no traffic jams. D. A city where people don't need to work. 2. How can smart rubbish bins help save energy? A. They can burn the rubbish by themselves. B. They can tell the collection company when they are full. C. They can produce electricity from rubbish. D. They can reduce the amount of rubbish. 3. What does the underlined word "hacked" in Paragraph 5 mean? A. 修理 B. 被非法侵入 C. 连接 D. 升级 4. What is Dr Li's opinion about technology? A. Technology is always safe to use. B. Technology should serve people, not control them. C. People should stop using smart devices. D. Technology brings more problems than benefits. 5. What is the best title for this passage? A. The Future of Smart Cities B. How to Build a Smart Home C. The History of the Internet D. Problems of Modern Technology B 话题：人与社会——伟大发明改变世界 ｜ 体裁：说明文 ｜ 词数：约260 阅读策略：annotating a text 来源：参考U4教材“The wonder of the wheel”，结合单元词汇原创改编 Think about all the things with wheels around you: cars, bicycles, clocks, windmills（风车）, and even 3D printers. The wheel is everywhere. Without doubt, it is one of the most important inventions of all time. Before the wheel, people had to carry heavy things on their backs or use animals to pull them. Traveling long distances was slow and difficult. Transporting large amounts of goods was a hard job. About 6,000 years ago, people invented the wheel. It changed everything. The first wheels were probably used for making pottery（陶器）. Later, people attached wheels to carts. This allowed farmers to carry their goods to markets far away. Trade between villages, towns and even countries increased greatly. The wheel became the driving force behind trade and communication. The wheel also helped build better roads. At first, the roads were just paths—old walking paths that became muddy in wet weather. With the arrival of the wheel, people needed stronger roads. The Romans invented new road-building techniques. Some of these roads are still used today. But the wheel did not stop there. It allowed people to build amazing machines. Windmills, clocks and many factory machines depend on the wheel. Even in our digital age, wheels are still used in devices like hard drives and 3D printers. The wheel has come a long way from its simple beginnings. It is a perfect example of how one invention can change the course of human history. The next time you ride a bike or open a door, remember—you are using one of the greatest inventions ever made. 1. What was life like before the invention of the wheel? A. People could travel very fast. B. Transporting heavy goods was difficult. C. Roads were made of stone. D. Trade was very easy. 2. What were the first wheels probably used for? A. Making pottery. B. Building roads. C. Making clocks. D. Printing books. 3. How did the wheel help improve roads? A. People invented better road-building techniques. B. People stopped using walking paths. C. The wheel itself could repair roads. D. Roads became shorter. 4. What does the underlined word "attached" in Paragraph 3 mean? A. 拉走 B. 把……固定 C. 看见 D. 推动 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. The wheel is no longer useful today. B. The wheel has influenced many areas of life. C. The wheel was invented by the Romans. D. Wheels are only used on vehicles. C 话题：人与社会——古代发明家的智慧 ｜ 体裁：记叙文 ｜ 词数：约260 阅读策略：主旨归纳 来源：参考U4教材“Movable type: a dream come true”，结合单元词汇原创改编 ★新情境·新题型：开篇题——文章以什么方式开篇？这样写有什么好处？ A young girl named Jane was reading a book about the history of printing when she fell asleep. Suddenly, she found herself in a big room with an open fire and a desk full of strange tools. A man was working with clay（粘土）by the desk, so busy that he didn't notice her. “Excuse me, what are you doing?” asked Jane. “I'm making type（活字）to print a book,” replied the man. He explained that he cut characters into pieces of clay, baked them with fire, and then used them to print. Jane realized this was Bi Sheng, the inventor of movable type（活字印刷）in the Song Dynasty! Bi Sheng showed Jane the whole process. First, he spread a mixture（混合物）of pine gum（松脂）, wax（蜡）and paper ash（纸灰）on a metal plate. Then he placed the type on the plate and fixed them with a frame. He heated the plate so that the mixture would melt. Next, he pressed the type with a board to make sure the surface was even. Finally, he brushed ink on the type and it was ready to print. “Your invention changed the world!” Jane told Bi Sheng. “About 400 years later, a German craftsman（工匠）improved your idea and introduced metal movable type to Europe.” Bi Sheng smiled proudly. Just then, Jane woke up. It was only a dream! But she looked at her book and smiled. She understood that wisdom counts more than strength, and great ideas can travel across time and borders. 1. ★新情境·新题型：开篇题 — The passage begins with ________. A. a direct explanation of movable type B. a dream scene that introduces the main character C. a description of modern printing methods D. a conversation between two historians 2. Who was the man in Jane's dream? A. A German craftsman. B. Bi Sheng, the inventor of movable type. C. A modern printer. D. A Roman engineer. 3. What did Bi Sheng do to make the mixture melt? A. He pressed it with a board. B. He heated the metal plate. C. He added more wax. D. He brushed ink on it. 4. What does the underlined word "process" in Paragraph 3 mean? A. A series of steps to do something. B. A new invention. C. A difficult problem. D. A type of machine. 5. What lesson did Jane learn from her dream? A. Printing is no longer important today. B. Wisdom is more powerful than strength. C. Only ancient people could create great ideas. D. Dreams are always true. 三、阅读还原 阅读短文，根据短文内容从下面方框内的七个选项中选择五个还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。 话题：人与自我——数字设备选购指南 ｜ 体裁：说明文 ｜ 词数：约220 来源：参考时文“如何选购电子产品”，结合U3词汇原创改编 Buying a new laptop can be exciting, but it can also be confusing. There are so many choices! How do you choose the right one? Here are some tips to help you. First, think about how you will use it. 1.______ For schoolwork, you need a laptop that can run common software smoothly. For watching videos, a larger screen is better. For travel, you may want a lighter weight. 2.______ The screen size can be from 11 to 17 inches. A larger screen is good for watching movies, but it makes the laptop heavier. A smaller screen is easier to carry, but it may be harder to read small text. You need to find the right balance for your needs. Memory is also important. 3.______ If you only use your laptop for homework and web browsing, 8GB is usually enough. But if you like playing games or editing videos, you may need 16GB or more. Price is another key factor. 4.______ You don't have to buy the most expensive one. Look for a laptop that offers good value for money. Read some reviews and check the opinions of other users. Finally, do not forget to consider the battery life. 5.______ A laptop with a long battery life gives you more freedom to work anywhere. A. The size of the screen is another thing to consider. B. More memory allows the computer to run faster. C. You can download apps to help you study better. D. Different people need different features（特点）. E. A longer battery life means you can use it for more hours without charging（充电）. F. The weight of the laptop is the most important thing. G. Laptops come in a wide range of prices. 四、阅读回答问题 Passage A 话题：人与社会——数字技术发展 ｜ 体裁：说明文 ｜ 词数：约220 来源：参考U3教材“The story of the computer”，结合单元词汇原创改编 The computer has come a long way since its early days. In 1837, Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace designed the first machine with a program. Ada Lovelace was the first computer programmer. She realized that a computer could do much more than just add numbers. In 1936, Alan Turing created the Turing machine, the basic design of a modern computer system. It could do all kinds of calculations. This became the basis for all modern computers. A major breakthrough came in 1971. Ted Hoff invented the microprocessor, also called the microchip. This invention made computers much smaller and faster. Without the microchip, we would not have the personal computers we use today. In 1981, the first personal computer for the general public appeared. At first, experts did not believe that anyone would want a computer at home. But in just two years, they sold thousands of them. In the 1990s, smartphones arrived. These are actually small computers with software. You can download apps and connect to the internet. The digital era had truly begun. Today, scientists believe that quantum computers（量子计算机）will be the next big breakthrough. They will be many times faster than today's computers. One day, we may even have computers in our clothes. The story of the computer is far from over. 根据语篇内容，回答下列问题。 1. Who was the first computer programmer? 2. What was the Turing machine? 3. What invention made computers much smaller and faster? 4. When did smartphones arrive? 5. What will be the next big breakthrough in computers? Passage B 话题：人与自我——用数据优化学习 ｜ 体裁：记叙文 ｜ 词数：约200 来源：参考时文“青少年学习方法”话题，结合U2-U3词汇原创改编 Numbers are everywhere in our daily lives. But do we really use them wisely? Wu Kai, a Grade 8 student, decided to find out. He was once troubled by his study habits. He spent many hours reviewing his lessons but still forgot important points before exams. He wondered why his hard work did not bring good results. Then he decided to record his study time and test scores carefully. He counted how much time he spent on each subject and checked the results after each test. To his surprise, the numbers told a different story. He spent 60 per cent of his time on English, but his English score was only average. He spent only 20 per cent on math, but his math score was the highest. The numbers helped him see the problem clearly. He made a new schedule and promised to follow it. He spent more time on weaker subjects and less time on stronger ones. After one term, his total scores rose sharply. Wu Kai believes that numbers never lie. If we record and check them carefully, they can guide us to make better decisions. Numbers, he says, are the keys to self-improvement. 根据语篇内容，回答下列问题。 1. What was Wu Kai's problem at the beginning? 2. What did Wu Kai record and check? 3. What did the numbers show about his study habits? 4. What did Wu Kai do after seeing the data? 5. What does Wu Kai think of numbers? 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 Units 3~4（语篇综合练）（解析版） （建议用时：40分钟） 完形填空 ： 青少年从沉迷手机到学会自律 人与自我—数字时代的自我管理 U3 ✅ 记叙文 阅读理解A： 未来智能城市如何改变生活 人与社会——科技改变生活 U3 ✅ 说明文 阅读理解B 车轮的发明及其对人类的影响 人与社会——伟大发明改变世界 U4 ✅ 说明文 阅读理解C 关于毕昇与活字印刷的梦境故事 人与社会——古代发明家的智慧 U4 ✅ 记叙文 阅读还原 如何选择合适的笔记本电脑 人与自我——数字设备选购指南 U3 ✅ 说明文 任务阅读A 计算机从过去到未来的发展历程 人与社会——数字技术发展 U3 ✅ 说明文 任务阅读B 学生用数据记录改变学习习惯的故事 人与自我——用数据优化学习 ✅ 记叙文 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 话题：人与自我——数字时代的自我管理 ｜ 体裁：记叙文 ｜ 词数：约290 来源：参考2026年中考“青少年网络素养”热点话题，结合U3词汇原创改编 Last summer, 14-year-old Lin Xi received a new laptop from his parents as a birthday gift. He was overjoyed. 1______ he could finally play his favourite games and watch videos anytime he wanted. For the first few weeks, Lin Xi spent hours every day on his laptop. He would 2______ games and videos without stopping. He stayed up late every night, 3______ his homework and falling asleep in class. His grades began to drop 4______. His parents noticed the change. They sat down with him for a serious talk. “Lin Xi, we gave you the laptop to help with your studies, not to 5______ your life,” his father said. “Look at the 6______. Your screen time has increased to over eight hours a day. That's not healthy.” Lin Xi felt ashamed. He realized that he had let the digital 7______ control him instead of the other way around. He decided to make a 8______. He made a clear schedule for using his laptop—only between 7 and 9 p.m. for study purposes. He also 9______ an app that could record his screen time and send him warnings when he exceeded（超过）the limit. The first week was hard. He often 10______ his hand towards the laptop, then stopped himself. But he didn't give up. He asked his parents to 11______ him stick to the rules. After three months, Lin Xi 12______ his screen time data again. The number had dropped from 56 hours per week to just 18. He felt more energetic, more focused, and his grades 13______ back up. Now Lin Xi believes that digital devices are useful tools, but we must control them—not let them 14______ us. He often shares his story on social media, hoping to 15______ more teenagers to use their devices wisely. 1. A. Now that B. So that C. Even if D. As if 2. A. download B. upload C. record D. create 3. A. checking B. finishing C. forgetting D. preparing 4. A. sharply B. slowly C. smoothly D. heavily 5. A. save B. control C. improve D. change 6. A. effects B. numbers C. opinions D. comments 7. A. device B. screen C. system D. schedule 8. A. wish B. promise C. change D. choice 9. A. checked B. downloaded C. weighed D. counted 10. A. raised B. reached C. placed D. moved 11. A. warn B. influence C. help D. advise 12. A. checked B. counted C. weighed D. recorded 13. A. came B. went C. climbed D. looked 14. A. serve B. control C. depend D. benefit 15. A. influence B. advise C. warn D. check 【答案】 1. A 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. A 【详细解析】 1. A. Now that。考查连词短语。now that意为“既然”，表示原因。句意：既然他终于可以随时玩他最喜欢的游戏和看视频了。B选项so that（以便）表目的，C选项even if（即使）表让步，D选项as if（好像）表方式。 2. A. download。考查U3单词表核心动词。download意为“下载”，与games and videos搭配（p.153）。 3. C. forgetting。考查动词辨析及上下文逻辑。他熬夜、忘记做作业、上课睡觉，forgetting his homework符合“沉迷电子设备导致学业荒废”的语境。checking（检查）、finishing（完成）、preparing（准备）均不符合“成绩下滑”的负面语境。 4. A. sharply。考查U2单词表核心副词（p.152）。sharply意为“急剧地”，修饰drop，描述成绩“急剧下降”，与后文“screen time increased to over eight hours”形成呼应。 5. B. control。考查动词辨析及U4主题呼应。父亲说“给你电脑是为了帮助学习，而不是为了控制你的生活”，control为U4主题词，与后文“control him instead of the other way around”形成呼应。A选项save（拯救），C选项improve（改善），D选项change（改变），均不符合。 6. B. numbers。考查上下文逻辑。后文提到“screen time has increased to over eight hours a day”，父亲让他看的是具体数字（numbers）。A选项effects（影响），C选项opinions（意见），D选项comments（评论），均不符合。 7. A. device。考查U3单词表核心名词。digital device意为“数码设备”（p.153），此处指笔记本电脑。B选项screen（屏幕），C选项system（系统），D选项schedule（日程安排），均不符合“让数码设备控制自己”的语境。 8. C. change。考查名词辨析。make a change意为“做出改变”，符合他意识到问题后决定改变的语境。A选项wish（愿望），B选项promise（承诺），D选项choice（选择），均不如change贴切。 9. B. downloaded。考查U3单词表核心动词。download意为“下载”，描述过去动作用过去式（p.153）。 10. B. reached。考查动词辨析。reached his hand towards意为“把手伸向”，形象地描述他戒掉手机瘾过程中的挣扎。A选项raised（举起），C选项placed（放置），D选项moved（移动），均不如reached...towards生动准确。 11. C. help。考查动词辨析。ask his parents to help him stick to the rules意为“请父母帮助他遵守规则”。A选项warn（警告），B选项influence（影响），D选项advise（劝告），均不符合“寻求帮助坚持”的语境。 12. A. checked。考查U1单词表核心动词（p.152）。check意为“检查、核查”，他再次检查屏幕使用时间数据。 13. C. climbed。考查动词辨析。climbed back up意为“回升”，形象地描述成绩在下降后又回升。came back up也可以，但climb更形象地表达“逐步回升”。A选项came（来），B选项went（去），D选项looked（看），均不符合“成绩回升”的语境。 14. B. control。考查动词辨析及主题呼应。与第5题形成呼应，强调“控制设备，而不是被设备控制”。A选项serve（服务），C选项depend（依赖），D选项benefit（有益于），均不符合。 15. A. influence。考查U3单词表核心动词。influence意为“影响”（p.153），他在社交媒体上分享故事，希望影响更多青少年合理使用设备。 二、阅读理解 A 话题：人与社会——科技改变生活 ｜ 体裁：说明文 ｜ 词数：约270 阅读策略：finding examples that support opinions 来源：参考2026中考“智慧城市”热点话题，结合U3词汇原创改编 Imagine a city where rubbish bins can “talk” to the garbage trucks. Where traffic lights can “see” how many cars are on the road. Where your home knows when you are coming back and turns on the lights for you. This is not a dream—it is the smart city of the future. Thanks to the Internet of Things（物联网）, everything in a smart city can be connected to the internet. Different devices can communicate with each other and share data. This brings big changes to the way we live. For example, smart rubbish bins can send a message when they are full. The garbage collection company can then plan better collection routes. This saves time and energy. Smart traffic systems can change the timing of traffic lights according to the number of cars on the road. This helps traffic flow more smoothly. Fewer traffic jams mean less air pollution. Smart homes are also part of the smart city. Your home can check your health through small devices you wear. It can warn you about health problems before they become serious. With this information, doctors can provide better treatment. However, there are also challenges. Some experts warn that smart devices can be hacked. Others worry that people may lose their privacy（隐私）. So while we enjoy the convenience of smart cities, we must also be careful. As Dr Li, a technology expert, said in a recent interview, “Technology should serve people, not control them.” 1. What is a smart city according to the passage? A. A city with many tall buildings. B. A city where devices are connected to the internet. C. A city with no traffic jams. D. A city where people don't need to work. 2. How can smart rubbish bins help save energy? A. They can burn the rubbish by themselves. B. They can tell the collection company when they are full. C. They can produce electricity from rubbish. D. They can reduce the amount of rubbish. 3. What does the underlined word "hacked" in Paragraph 5 mean? A. 修理 B. 被非法侵入 C. 连接 D. 升级 4. What is Dr Li's opinion about technology? A. Technology is always safe to use. B. Technology should serve people, not control them. C. People should stop using smart devices. D. Technology brings more problems than benefits. 5. What is the best title for this passage? A. The Future of Smart Cities B. How to Build a Smart Home C. The History of the Internet D. Problems of Modern Technology 【答案】 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A 【详细解析】 1. B。考查细节理解。根据第二段“everything in a smart city can be connected to the internet”可知。 2. B。考查细节理解。根据第三段“smart rubbish bins can send a message when they are full. The garbage collection company can then plan better collection routes. This saves time and energy”可知。 3. B。考查词义猜测。根据下文“people may lose their privacy”及“challenges”可知。 4. B。考查细节理解。根据最后一段Dr Li的原话“Technology should serve people, not control them”可知。 5. A。考查主旨大意。 B 话题：人与社会——伟大发明改变世界 ｜ 体裁：说明文 ｜ 词数：约260 阅读策略：annotating a text 来源：参考U4教材“The wonder of the wheel”，结合单元词汇原创改编 Think about all the things with wheels around you: cars, bicycles, clocks, windmills（风车）, and even 3D printers. The wheel is everywhere. Without doubt, it is one of the most important inventions of all time. Before the wheel, people had to carry heavy things on their backs or use animals to pull them. Traveling long distances was slow and difficult. Transporting large amounts of goods was a hard job. About 6,000 years ago, people invented the wheel. It changed everything. The first wheels were probably used for making pottery（陶器）. Later, people attached wheels to carts. This allowed farmers to carry their goods to markets far away. Trade between villages, towns and even countries increased greatly. The wheel became the driving force behind trade and communication. The wheel also helped build better roads. At first, the roads were just paths—old walking paths that became muddy in wet weather. With the arrival of the wheel, people needed stronger roads. The Romans invented new road-building techniques. Some of these roads are still used today. But the wheel did not stop there. It allowed people to build amazing machines. Windmills, clocks and many factory machines depend on the wheel. Even in our digital age, wheels are still used in devices like hard drives and 3D printers. The wheel has come a long way from its simple beginnings. It is a perfect example of how one invention can change the course of human history. The next time you ride a bike or open a door, remember—you are using one of the greatest inventions ever made. 1. What was life like before the invention of the wheel? A. People could travel very fast. B. Transporting heavy goods was difficult. C. Roads were made of stone. D. Trade was very easy. 2. What were the first wheels probably used for? A. Making pottery. B. Building roads. C. Making clocks. D. Printing books. 3. How did the wheel help improve roads? A. People invented better road-building techniques. B. People stopped using walking paths. C. The wheel itself could repair roads. D. Roads became shorter. 4. What does the underlined word "attached" in Paragraph 3 mean? A. 拉走 B. 把……固定 C. 看见 D. 推动 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. The wheel is no longer useful today. B. The wheel has influenced many areas of life. C. The wheel was invented by the Romans. D. Wheels are only used on vehicles. 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B 【详细解析】 1. B。考查细节理解。根据第二段“Transporting large amounts of goods was a hard job”可知。 2. A。考查细节理解。根据第三段“The first wheels were probably used for making pottery”可知。 3. A。考查细节理解。根据第四段“The Romans invented new road-building techniques”可知。 4. B。考查词义猜测。attach为U4单词表核心动词（p.154），意为“把……固定”。 5. B。考查推理判断。文章从交通、贸易、道路、机器等多方面论述轮子的影响。 C 话题：人与社会——古代发明家的智慧 ｜ 体裁：记叙文 ｜ 词数：约260 阅读策略：主旨归纳 来源：参考U4教材“Movable type: a dream come true”，结合单元词汇原创改编 ★新情境·新题型：开篇题——文章以什么方式开篇？这样写有什么好处？ A young girl named Jane was reading a book about the history of printing when she fell asleep. Suddenly, she found herself in a big room with an open fire and a desk full of strange tools. A man was working with clay（粘土）by the desk, so busy that he didn't notice her. “Excuse me, what are you doing?” asked Jane. “I'm making type（活字）to print a book,” replied the man. He explained that he cut characters into pieces of clay, baked them with fire, and then used them to print. Jane realized this was Bi Sheng, the inventor of movable type（活字印刷）in the Song Dynasty! Bi Sheng showed Jane the whole process. First, he spread a mixture（混合物）of pine gum（松脂）, wax（蜡）and paper ash（纸灰）on a metal plate. Then he placed the type on the plate and fixed them with a frame. He heated the plate so that the mixture would melt. Next, he pressed the type with a board to make sure the surface was even. Finally, he brushed ink on the type and it was ready to print. “Your invention changed the world!” Jane told Bi Sheng. “About 400 years later, a German craftsman（工匠）improved your idea and introduced metal movable type to Europe.” Bi Sheng smiled proudly. Just then, Jane woke up. It was only a dream! But she looked at her book and smiled. She understood that wisdom counts more than strength, and great ideas can travel across time and borders. 1. ★新情境·新题型：开篇题 — The passage begins with ________. A. a direct explanation of movable type B. a dream scene that introduces the main character C. a description of modern printing methods D. a conversation between two historians 2. Who was the man in Jane's dream? A. A German craftsman. B. Bi Sheng, the inventor of movable type. C. A modern printer. D. A Roman engineer. 3. What did Bi Sheng do to make the mixture melt? A. He pressed it with a board. B. He heated the metal plate. C. He added more wax. D. He brushed ink on it. 4. What does the underlined word "process" in Paragraph 3 mean? A. A series of steps to do something. B. A new invention. C. A difficult problem. D. A type of machine. 5. What lesson did Jane learn from her dream? A. Printing is no longer important today. B. Wisdom is more powerful than strength. C. Only ancient people could create great ideas. D. Dreams are always true. 【答案】 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B 【详细解析】 1. B；考查开篇题（新题型）。文章以Jane读书入睡后的梦境开篇，这种方式制造了悬念，使故事更有趣。 2. B。考查细节理解。根据第二段“Jane realized this was Bi Sheng, the inventor of movable type in the Song Dynasty”可知。 3. B。考查细节理解。根据第三段“He heated the plate so that the mixture would melt”可知。 4. A。考查词义猜测。process意为“步骤、流程”，指前面描述的一系列印刷操作步骤。 5. B。考查主旨理解。根据最后一段“She understood that wisdom counts more than strength”可知。 三、阅读还原 阅读短文，根据短文内容从下面方框内的七个选项中选择五个还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。 话题：人与自我——数字设备选购指南 ｜ 体裁：说明文 ｜ 词数：约220 来源：参考时文“如何选购电子产品”，结合U3词汇原创改编 Buying a new laptop can be exciting, but it can also be confusing. There are so many choices! How do you choose the right one? Here are some tips to help you. First, think about how you will use it. 1.______ For schoolwork, you need a laptop that can run common software smoothly. For watching videos, a larger screen is better. For travel, you may want a lighter weight. 2.______ The screen size can be from 11 to 17 inches. A larger screen is good for watching movies, but it makes the laptop heavier. A smaller screen is easier to carry, but it may be harder to read small text. You need to find the right balance for your needs. Memory is also important. 3.______ If you only use your laptop for homework and web browsing, 8GB is usually enough. But if you like playing games or editing videos, you may need 16GB or more. Price is another key factor. 4.______ You don't have to buy the most expensive one. Look for a laptop that offers good value for money. Read some reviews and check the opinions of other users. Finally, do not forget to consider the battery life. 5.______ A laptop with a long battery life gives you more freedom to work anywhere. A. The size of the screen is another thing to consider. B. More memory allows the computer to run faster. C. You can download apps to help you study better. D. Different people need different features（特点）. E. A longer battery life means you can use it for more hours without charging（充电）. F. The weight of the laptop is the most important thing. G. Laptops come in a wide range of prices. 【答案】 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. G 5. E 【详细解析】 1. D。考查段间逻辑衔接。后文分别列举了不同用途的需求，D选项是总起句。 2. A。考查段落主题句。本段讨论屏幕尺寸。 3. B。考查段落主题句。本段讨论内存。 4. G。考查细节衔接。本段讨论价格，G选项引出后续建议。 5. E。考查细节衔接。前文说“不要忘记考虑电池续航”，E选项具体说明其重要性。 四、阅读回答问题 Passage A 话题：人与社会——数字技术发展 ｜ 体裁：说明文 ｜ 词数：约220 来源：参考U3教材“The story of the computer”，结合单元词汇原创改编 The computer has come a long way since its early days. In 1837, Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace designed the first machine with a program. Ada Lovelace was the first computer programmer. She realized that a computer could do much more than just add numbers. In 1936, Alan Turing created the Turing machine, the basic design of a modern computer system. It could do all kinds of calculations. This became the basis for all modern computers. A major breakthrough came in 1971. Ted Hoff invented the microprocessor, also called the microchip. This invention made computers much smaller and faster. Without the microchip, we would not have the personal computers we use today. In 1981, the first personal computer for the general public appeared. At first, experts did not believe that anyone would want a computer at home. But in just two years, they sold thousands of them. In the 1990s, smartphones arrived. These are actually small computers with software. You can download apps and connect to the internet. The digital era had truly begun. Today, scientists believe that quantum computers（量子计算机）will be the next big breakthrough. They will be many times faster than today's computers. One day, we may even have computers in our clothes. The story of the computer is far from over. 根据语篇内容，回答下列问题。 1. Who was the first computer programmer? 2. What was the Turing machine? 3. What invention made computers much smaller and faster? 4. When did smartphones arrive? 5. What will be the next big breakthrough in computers? 【答案及详解】 1. Ada Lovelace。 【详解】考查U3细节理解。根据第一段“Ada Lovelace was the first computer programmer”可知。 2. The basic design of a modern computer system（现代计算机系统的基本设计） 【详解】考查U3细节理解。根据第二段“Alan Turing created the Turing machine, the basic design of a modern computer system”可知。 3. The microprocessor / The microchip（微处理器/微芯片） 【详解】考查U3细节理解。根据第三段“Ted Hoff invented the microprocessor...This invention made computers much smaller and faster”可知。 4. In the 1990s（在20世纪90年代） 【详解】考查U3细节理解。根据第五段“In the 1990s, smartphones arrived”可知。 5. Quantum computers（量子计算机） 【详解】考查U3细节理解。根据最后一段“scientists believe that quantum computers will be the next big breakthrough”可知。 Passage B 话题：人与自我——用数据优化学习 ｜ 体裁：记叙文 ｜ 词数：约200 来源：参考时文“青少年学习方法”话题，结合U2-U3词汇原创改编 Numbers are everywhere in our daily lives. But do we really use them wisely? Wu Kai, a Grade 8 student, decided to find out. He was once troubled by his study habits. He spent many hours reviewing his lessons but still forgot important points before exams. He wondered why his hard work did not bring good results. Then he decided to record his study time and test scores carefully. He counted how much time he spent on each subject and checked the results after each test. To his surprise, the numbers told a different story. He spent 60 per cent of his time on English, but his English score was only average. He spent only 20 per cent on math, but his math score was the highest. The numbers helped him see the problem clearly. He made a new schedule and promised to follow it. He spent more time on weaker subjects and less time on stronger ones. After one term, his total scores rose sharply. Wu Kai believes that numbers never lie. If we record and check them carefully, they can guide us to make better decisions. Numbers, he says, are the keys to self-improvement. 根据语篇内容，回答下列问题。 1. What was Wu Kai's problem at the beginning? 2. What did Wu Kai record and check? 3. What did the numbers show about his study habits? 4. What did Wu Kai do after seeing the data? 5. What does Wu Kai think of numbers? 【答案及详解】 1. He forgot important points before exams / His study habits were not effective（他在考试前忘记重要知识点/他的学习习惯不够有效） 【详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段“He spent many hours reviewing his lessons but still forgot important points before exams”可知。 2. His study time and test scores / Study time and scores（他的学习时间和考试成绩） 【详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段“He decided to record his study time and test scores carefully”可知。 3. He spent too much time on strong subjects / He did not use time wisely（他在擅长的科目上花了太多时间/他没有合理使用时间） 【详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段“He spent 60 per cent of his time on English...only 20 per cent on math, but his math score was the highest”可知。 4. He made a new schedule and followed it / He spent more time on weaker subjects（他制定了新的日程安排并遵循/他在较弱的科目上花了更多时间） 【详解】考查细节理解。根据最后一段“He made a new schedule and promised to follow it. He spent more time on weaker subjects”可知。 5. Numbers never lie / Numbers can guide us to make better decisions（数字从不说谎/数字可以指导我们做出更好的决定） 【详解】考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Wu Kai believes that numbers never lie...they can guide us to make better decisions”可知。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $