Unit 3 Section B 2a-2c 【精品课】 2026-2027学年八年级英语上册同步精品课件（新教材人教版）

Unit3 Same or Different Section B 2a-2c Guess my friend He is taller than me. He is more outgoing than me. He often helps me with my math. He is good at playing basketball. She is shyer than me. She has short hair. She likes singing. She is good at drawing. Who is he? Who is she? Look and guess short, fat, young, old,long hair, pretty，beautiful, handsome, cool, wear glasses ... go to bed late, eat healthy food, read more, exercise every day, be on time, help others, love shopping, watch TV ... shy, quiet, funny, serious, friendly, kind, lazy, active, loud, honest, patient... dance well, play sports well, draw well, speak English well, be good at Chinese... Review and say Show Time Guess my friend What do you think makes a good friend? Faithful when times are tough Respects your thoughts and heart Invites you to be your true self Encourages you to follow your dreams Never leaves you feeling alone Dares to be honest, kind, and true Think Let’s learn more words about friends. What are these words about? lazy shy outgoing direct serious funny hard-working Personality hard-working shy direct outgoing serious lazy You are wrong Guessing Game Describe the pictures using the words about personality e Being afraid to speak in front of people Being friendly and liking to meet people Not wanting to do anything Speaking in a straightforward way Not laughing a lot Putting a lot of time into a job and doing it well lazy shy outgoing direct serious hard-working Match the words with its explanations shy outgoing lazy direct serious hard-working Find the words hidden in the word snake. 2a Adjectives Adjectives are words that describe nouns (people, places, or things). They tell us more about a noun—like what it looks like, how it feels, how many there are, or what kind it is. Look and find What part of speech are these words? Vocabulary 2a Find the words hidden in the word snake. Then match them with the meanings. shy outgoing lazy direct serious hard-working 1. My sister _________than me. She gets nervous in front of people. 2. Tom is a __________ person. He always says what he thinks. 3.  I think you are ____________than your classmate. You should work harder. 4. Our math teacher is ____________than our English teacher. He never laughs. 5. Lucy is ____________. She studies for two hours every night. 6. Mark is________________than his brother. He makes friends easily. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of these words. shy outgoing lazy direct serious hard-working direct lazier more serious hard - working more outgoing shyer More practice Learn More (单词拓展) Take notes while watching the video. Try to remember more words about describing the personality. Application (运用) Hello, everyone. Let me tell you about my personality. I think I'm quite _______ (you can use words like outgoing, shy, hard-working, etc.). For example, _______ (give a specific example to show your personality trait). Also, I'm _______ (another personality trait) because _______ (explain with an example). So that's a bit about me. Talk about your personality. Lead-in (导入) When you choose a place to visit, what factors(方面) do you usually consider(考虑)? Presentation (呈现) First, the ___________. Choose a place that is not too crowded, or it’ll be hard to enjoy the views. population 表示人口；人口数量时是不可数名词 表示“某地有……人口”，用 The population of + 地点 + is + 数字 描述“人口多/少”，用 large/big（多） 或 small（少） 修饰（不用 many/few） Presentation (呈现) The weather is super important! Check if the climate there is ________ before the trip. pleasant 描述天气/气候：pleasant weather、pleasant climate 描述体验/感受：pleasant trip、pleasant conversation 描述环境/氛围：pleasant environment、pleasant atmosphere 常用于“主语 + be + pleasant”或“it is pleasant to do sth. Presentation (呈现) Don’t forget to look up the ________ temperature during your trip. You definitely don’ want to meet extreme heat or cold. average 作形容词：表示“平均的”，常修饰时间、温度、速度、分数等名词。 作名词：表示“平均数；平均水平”，常用搭配“the average of + 数字/事物”。 on average 平均来看 Presentation (呈现) Check how many ___________ it is from the hotel to key spots (景点). If it’s too far, you might pick a closer place to be convenient. kilometres 与数字搭配：表示具体距离，数字后直接加“kilometers”（缩写“km”更常用）。 与“away” “from...to...”搭配：强调“距离某地有多远”或“从某地到某地的距离”。 The nearest supermarket is 2 kilometers away. It’s 120 kilometers from Beijing to Tianjin by train. Presentation (呈现) It’s smart to leave some _______ time in your travel plan—you might find a lovely street market or a delicious snack shop by accident (意外). spare 作形容词：表示“空闲的”，常修饰“time”（时间）；表示“多余的”，可修饰“money”（钱）、“room”（空间）等名词。 作动词：表示“抽出（时间/金钱）”或“留出（空间）”，常用搭配“spare + 名词 + (for sb./sth.)”。 “in one’s spare time”（在某人的空闲时间里） Presentation (呈现) You can try local food when traveling, _________ the hot and spicy noodles in Sichuan—they taste so unique! especially 强调具体事物：用于突出某一特定例子，常放在被强调的名词、形容词或短语前。 强调时间/情况：突出某一特定时间或情境下的状态。 She works hard, especially when she has important tasks. Presentation (呈现) You must be interested in the ___________ between local lifestyles and yours—it’s fun to learn new things. differences 可数名词 基础搭配“the differences between A and B” 修饰词搭配：可在前面加“big” “small” “important” 等形容词，说明差异的“大小”或“重要性”。 Presentation (呈现) Talking to friendly locals is such a _________; it makes the trip more special! pleasure 常与“take” “have” “give”等动词搭配，描述做某事的愉悦感受。 I take great pleasure in reading books. It gives me much pleasure to help you. 用于礼貌回应：当别人说“Thank you”时，可用“It’s my pleasure.”或“My pleasure.”回答，意为“不客气；乐意效劳”。 Consolidation (巩固) 1. The ____________ of Shanghai is much larger than that of Lanzhou. 2. The weather was ____________, with white clouds and warm sunshine. 3. We got great ____________ from the prize we won. 4. We should respect the ____________ in others. 5. I love all fruits, ____________ strawberries. 6. The ____________ height of the students in the class is around 1.6 metres. 7. I enjoy reading books in my ____________ time. 8. It is about three ____________ from my house to school. average spare differences especially pleasure kilometres population pleasant population pleasant pleasure differences especially average spare kilometres 2b Complete the sentences with the words in the box. 英文单词也有“部首”哦。在英语中，它们叫“词缀”。在单词前面叫“前缀”，单词后面叫“后缀”，中间部分叫“词根” lucky adj.幸运的 luckily adv. 幸运地 unluckily adv. 不幸地 后缀和“词性”有关； -ly 一般代表副词。 前缀和“意思”有关； un- 一般代表否定。 2b 你知道吗？英文单词也有“部首”哦。 在英语中，它们叫“词缀”。 在单词前面叫“前缀”，单词后面叫“后缀” please v. 请；使开心 pleasure n. 开心；荣幸 pleasant adj. 开心的； (气候)宜人的 different adj. 不同的 difference n. 不同点 2b New vocabulary special adj. 特别的 especially adv. 特别；尤其 people n. 人们 population n. 人口 2b New vocabulary 同根词：两者共享拉丁语词根 populus（人群） average（adj. 平均的; 普通的） 词源演变： 来自 古法语 avarie（12世纪），指“船只的损坏或损失”。 进一步源自 阿拉伯语 ʿawārīya（عَوَارِيَّة），意为“损坏的货物”（中世纪地中海贸易术语）。 在商业保险中，avarie 指“共同海损”（损失由船主和货主共同分担），由此引申出“按比例分摊”的概念。 16世纪英语中，average 开始表示“算术平均数”，强调“均衡分配”的数学概念。 造句： 1. His IQ is above average. 2. I was just an average sort of student. New vocabulary 2b Kilometre（千米/公里） kilometre = kilo-(千) + metre（米） 类似构词法的单位 centimetre（厘米，centi- = 百分之一）,缩写“cm” kilogram（千克），缩写“kg” 拼写差异（英式 vs. 美式） 英式英语：kilometre 美式英语：kilometer 2b New vocabulary Spare（空闲的） 1. 词源发展 Spare 来自古英语 "spær" 2. 语义演变 古英语时期（5-11世纪）："Spær" 形容“数量稀少”或“使用节制”，如 spær land（闲置的土地）。 中古英语时期（12-15世纪）：发展出动词含义 "sparen"（节省、保留），如 to spare money（省钱）。 现代英语：形容词指“备用的”（a spare tire）或“空闲的”（spare time）。 3. 词义关联逻辑 若资源（时间、物品）被节省（spared），则自然成为闲置的（spare）状态。 例：Save/spare money → 结果是有 spare cash（闲钱）。 例句：Do you have any spare pens? I paint in my spare time. 2b New vocabulary Application (运用) A: Hi, [姓名]! How's your trip to [城市]? B: It's great! [城市] is a wonderful city with a large 1. ______. There are so many people there. A: Yes, and the weather there is usually 2. ______, right? What's the 3. ______ temperature in [城市]? B: Exactly! When I was there, the weather was [天气描述，如sunny/windy], very 4. ______. The average temperature in [季节，如spring/autumn] is around [数字] degrees Celsius. A: What did you do in your 5. ______ time? B: I visited many places. I love [事物，如parks/museums], 6. ______ [具体事物，如the Central Park]. It's amazing. A: Did you meet people from different places? B: Sure. People have many 7. ______ in their [方面，如hobbies/customs], but we got along well. It was a 8. ______ to talk with them. A: How far is it from your [地点1，如hotel/home] to [地点2，如the zoo/the river]? B: It's about [数字] 9. ______. We [交通方式，如walked/took a bus] there. Talk about your holiday experiences by using the words you have learned. Fill the blanks with these words: population, pleasant, average, pleasant, spare, especially, differences, pleasure, kilometers. Replace the words in [ ] (e.g., name, city) with your own ideas. Practice the dialogue with a partner. Pre-reading Watch the video and answer the questions. Who are the two main characters mentioned? What's the name of Mark Twain's work in the passage? How did Edward and Tom look? The prince Edward and the poor boy Tom. The Prince and the Pauper. They looked alike. look alike 看上去相似的 personality alike novel difference besides The prince, Edward, and the poor boy, Tom, are the two characters in Mark Twain’s famous _____________, The Prince and the Pauper. They looked ____________and both had kind ____________. They exchanged their lives by accident. During his time as a pauper, Edward learnt to respect others. ____________this, he also realized that people’s lives were much harder than he expected. After becoming king, he made a ____________by trying to help the people of his country. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box. 2c Read and fill Tom Edward personality n. person n.一个人 personal adj.个人的；私人的 alike 相像的 相似的 adj. adv. novel n. difference n. different adj. 不同的 differently adv.不同地 besides 除...之外(还有) 此外;而且(强调附加信息) adv. prep. novelist cn.小说家 While-reading 2a Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box. The prince, Edward, and the poor boy, Tom, are the two characters in Mark Twain’s famous ____________, The Prince and the Pauper. They looked ____________ and both had kind ____________. They exchanged their lives by accident. During his time as a pauper, Edward learnt to respect others. ____________ this, he also realized that people’s lives were much harder than he expected. After becoming king, he made a ____________by trying to help the people of his country. personality alike novel difference besides novel alike personalities Besides difference make a difference 有影响；起（重要）作用；带来变化 by accident 偶然；意外地 exchange their lives交换他们的生活 besides this 除此之外 kind personalities善良的性格 While-reading Read the passage again and answer the question. How did Edward and Tom exchange their lives? What did Edward learn to do when he was a pauper? What did Edward realize about people's lives when he was a pauper? What did Edward do to help the people of his country after becoming king? By accident. He learnt to respect others. He realized that people's lives were much harder than he expected. He made a difference by trying to help the people of his country. Edward development ending beginning They looked alike and both had kind personalities. They exchanged their lives by accident. After becoming king, he made a difference by trying to help the people of his country. During his time as a pauper, Edward learnt to respect others. Besides this, he also realized that people’s lives were much harder than he expected. After becoming king, Edward kept helping people. Tom went back to his normal life, but they stayed friends. Edward used his power to make the country fair and happy. Their story taught everyone: understanding others brings real change. Story Mountain climax Tom Consolidation (巩固) Fill the blanks with the words you have learned. The two sisters look so ______ that it's hard to tell them apart. Reading a good ______ can enrich our knowledge and broaden our horizons. Each person has a unique _________ which makes them special. ______ doing his homework, he also helps his mother with housework. There is a big ___________ between the way he speaks and the way he acts. alike novel personality Besides difference personality：侧重“个人平时的性格”（如活泼、腼腆），日常交流常用。 My sister’s personality is very warm. character：侧重“长期形成的品质”（如诚实、勇敢），偏书面。 He is a boy of good character. 作介词：Besides + 名词/代词/动名词，强调“除了A，还有B”，A和B都包含在内。 作副词：Besides, + 完整句子，用于句首或句末，补充额外信息，相当于“Also” “What’s more”。 They exchanged their lives by accident.（2c） ? Vocabulary 意思： “偶然地；意外地”，相当于 "accidentally"。 它通常用于描述某事 并非故意发生，而是由于巧合或意外。 基本用法：作状语，修饰动词 结构： 主语 + 动词 + by accident I found this old photo by accident.（我偶然发现了这张旧照片。） He broke the vase by accident.（他不小心打碎了花瓶。） 1. They exchanged their lives by accident.（2c） 2. He also realized that people’s lives were much harder than he expected.（2c） ? Vocabulary ex-作为前缀，代表“向外” Exchange（交换） 词源分析：ex-（向外） + change（改变） → “向外改变” → “交换”（互相给予或接收）。 例句：We exchanged phone numbers at the party.（我们在派对上交换了电话号码。） Expect（期待；预料） 词源分析：ex-（向外） + spect（看，来自拉丁语 spectare）→ “向外看” → “期待、预料” 例句：I expect him to arrive by 6 PM.（我预计他会在下午6点前到达。） They looked alike.（2c） ? Vocabulary 构词：a- + like → alike（相似的） 用法：作形容词时，仅作表语（即放在be动词、感官动词等系动词后面）。 结构：A and B are / look alike（A 和 B 相似） 规则：a- + 形容词/名词 → 新形容词，表示一种状态。 类似构词法的单词 单词 构词 含义 alive a- + live（活） 活着的 asleep a- + sleep（睡） 睡着的 afraid a- + fray（古英语“恐惧”） 害怕的 After becoming king, he made a difference by trying to help the people of his country. (2c) ? 意思： “产生影响；带来改变；起重要作用”，通常指积极的改变或影响。 常见搭配： make a difference (to sb/sth) —— 对某人/某事有影响 make a big/huge difference —— 产生很大影响 make no/little difference —— 没有/几乎没有影响 例句：AI can make a difference to people's lives. Your words made no difference to the homeless people. Vocabulary The population of Shanghai is much larger than that of Lanzhou.(2b) ? that 在这里替代的是 "the population"，相当于： The population of Shanghai is much larger than the population of Lanzhou. 使用 that 可以使句子更简洁，避免重复。 在比较句型（如 than, as...as）中，为了避免重复， 常用 that（单数）/those（复数） 替代前面提到的名词。 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou. The books on this shelf are more interesting than those on that shelf. The main ____________ (character) in this novel are very interesting. The ____________ (population) of these two cities are quite different. She enjoys reading ____________ (novel) in her spare time. They ____________ (exchange) gifts at the Christmas party last year. I ____________ (expect) him to arrive earlier, but he was late. She always ____________ (expect) the best from her students. His kindness makes a big____________ (different) in our hometown. The twins look very ____________ (like), but their personalities are different. The weather in this city these days is ____________ (please), neither too hot nor too cold. I found this old photo ____________ accident while cleaning my room. He is ____________ (especial) good at working out math problems. 单句填词 characters populations novels exchanged expected expects difference alike pleasant by especially Lavf59.27.100 Lavf59.10.100 $