阅读理解专项训练1 2026年浙江省杭州人教版 中考英语备考

英语阅读理解专项训练1 2026 英语 中考备考 人教版 建议限时：30分钟 Part A Passage A How “Home Sweet Home” Became a Homecoming Phrase People still say it when they turn the key: Home sweet home. The words sound as old as the house. For a long time, they were not. In 2026, the music historian Jonathan Hicks put it plainly: “Home, Sweet Home” was not a common phrase before 1823. The Oxford English Dictionary finds earlier scraps, in poems and in translations, where home and sweet already sat side by side. They had not yet become the greeting people now drop at the door. That year, the American writer John Howard Payne set the words in a London opera, Clari, or The Maid of Milan. Henry Bishop wrote the tune, marked as a Sicilian air. At Covent Garden, Maria Tree sang of a young woman who had seen palaces and still wanted her humble home. “Mid pleasures and palaces, though we may roam,” the lyric goes, “be it ever so humble, there’s no place like home.” The song left the theatre. Street organs ground it out. Coach guards played it. After Payne’s verses caught the public, Hicks writes, the words settled into their stable, symmetrical form. The dictionary still lists “home sweet home” as a set phrase. Later citations show the shift: not only a song title, but what someone says at the end of a journey. An Oxford learner’s dictionary notes that people often say it when they arrive back in their own house or country. The trip can be bright. The palaces can be fine. The line that waits at the door began as a homesick song, more than two hundred years ago. It was not a slogan for comfort. It was a wish to return. A篇（第1-5题） 1. What is the main idea of Passage A? A. The history of opera in London. B. The origin and development of the phrase “Home sweet home”. C. How to write a good song lyric. D. The life of John Howard Payne. 2. Before 1823, “home” and “sweet” ________. A. were never used together B. appeared together in some writings C. were a popular greeting at the door D. were used in operas 3. The word “side by side” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. separately B. together C. far apart D. in competition 4. Where was the opera Clari first performed? A. In New York. B. At Covent Garden, London. C. In Milan. D. In Oxford. 5. What can we learn about the phrase “Home sweet home”? A. It was always a popular greeting before 1823. B. It was originally a song lyric that later became a common expression. C. It was created by the Oxford English Dictionary. D. It was only used in the 18th century. Part B Passage B Britain’s £600 Toothbrushes, and Its Struggling NHS Dentists In December 1969, a magazine called Which? wrote about a new gadget that many people might buy as a Christmas present: the electric toothbrush. It said the toothbrush was “not very different from a normal brush,” except that it moved the brush head for you. Almost 60 years later, electric toothbrushes can do much more than just move. They can track how you brush in real time, offer a gum-massage mode, and now even have a small camera inside. Prices range from about £25 for a simple Oral-B toothbrush to £599.99 for a Philips Sonicare that gives “smart feedback.” The newest one, made by Dyson, uses AI to find gaps between your teeth and sprays water to clean them. It costs £419.99. In the UK, 59% of adults now use an electric toothbrush. Sales of toothbrushes and brush heads reached £361 million last year, says the research company Mintel. “We are seeing more and more expensive toothbrushes, and expensive toothpaste too,” says Rachel Bairsto from the British Dental Association. She says these products have become a kind of status symbol. “If you see a photo of a nice bathroom, there will always be a plug for some kind of electric toothbrush,” she says. But dentists are not so sure the high prices are worth it. “There is no strong evidence that one type of electric brush cleans better than another,” says Dr. Zaeem Jafri. He tried the Dyson toothbrush and found the water jet hard to control. The small camera was often blocked by water and toothpaste foam. Some of the new brushes have also overheated, or had charging problems. At the time of writing, the brush was not available to buy. This love of new gadgets sits strangely next to a real problem: many people cannot get dental care. In England, 60% of adults did not see an NHS dentist in the two years before March 2026. This gap is also linked to income. Only 47% of people with lower incomes use an electric toothbrush, but 76% of people with higher incomes do. Dr. Jafri says the people who are most likely to spend hundreds of pounds on a smart toothbrush usually already brush their teeth well. “This is probably not solving the bigger problem we have,” he says. B篇（第6-10题） 6. What is the main purpose of Passage B? A. To advise people to buy expensive toothbrushes. B. To introduce electric toothbrushes and discuss dental care issues in the UK. C. To explain how to use a Dyson toothbrush. D. To compare different brands of toothbrushes. 7. How much does the Dyson electric toothbrush cost? A. About £25. B. About £300. C. £419.99. D. £599.99. 8. The word “status symbol” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A. something that shows you are rich or important B. a symbol of good dental health C. a type of expensive toothpaste D. a photo of a nice bathroom 9. What does Dr. Jafri think of the Dyson toothbrush? A. It is the best toothbrush on the market. B. It has some problems and may not be worth the high price. C. It is too cheap for most people. D. It solves all dental problems. 10. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A. Everyone in England can see an NHS dentist. B. People who buy expensive toothbrushes may already brush their teeth well. C. Lower-income people use electric toothbrushes more often. D. NHS dentists are doing very well in England. Part C Passage C How the Neat Lawn Went From Status Symbol to Suburban Norm A freshly manicured lawn has become a key feature of many gardens in the modern world. That particular picture of well-cut grass in front of a suburban house is also a familiar part of American iconography. But where does the tradition of keeping the grass cut short and neat, as opposed to trimming it only lightly or letting it grow wild, come from? Its roots actually lie on the other side of the Atlantic, in Europe, where the word “lawn” was first used in the sense we understand it today in 1733. Here’s a look back at the history of taming the grass. The tradition goes back to the 18th century, when a well-preserved area of grass was viewed as something of a status symbol and a sign of the owner’s wealth, as only the landed gentry and the aristocracy could afford it. Those who could not afford to keep a lawn neatly cut often kept their grass short by letting their animals graze on it. Attitudes to grass were also connected to Enlightenment views of nature as something to be tamed and controlled. While attitudes toward the natural world would change with the Romantic era, which embraced wild nature instead, the idea of the lawn of one’s own home as something to be contained has endured. Back in the 18th century, grass had to be cut by hand, sometimes with scythes for larger areas like fields. Things would change with the arrival of the first-ever mechanical lawnmower, which was invented in the early 19th century by the English engineer Edwin Beard Budding. On August 31, 1830, a patent was filed for an object fitting the following description: “a new combination and application of machinery for the purpose of cropping or shearing the vegetable surface of lawns, grass-plats and pleasure grounds.” Budding’s creation would revolutionize lawn care. It has been said that the inventor chose to test out the lawnmower only at night, to avoid attracting attention or mockery while it was still a work in progress. Ironically, despite how much his invention changed things and how widespread lawnmowers are today, Budding did not make money from it. The rise in popularity of lawnmowing in the U.S. can be partly explained by a boom in homeownership in the mid-20th century: the share of Americans who owned their homes increased from 44% in 1940 to 62% by 1960. That growth led to a rise in suburbs where each house had a similar lawn out front. Seeing other people’s lawns every day made homeowners feel that each lawn should be maintained to contribute to the neighborhood’s overall look, so mowing became more and more common. And in the 21st century, the image of the pristine lawn remains prominent today. Every summer, from late June to early July, the Wimbledon tennis tournament is played on grass courts that are mowed frequently throughout the event. Grass court tennis was, of course, originally known as “lawn tennis.” So when we see those lawn-like courts, we can remember that they are the modern legacy of a tradition that stretches back hundreds of years and is strong today. C篇（第11-15题） 11. What is the passage mainly about? A. How to keep a neat lawn. B. The history of lawns and lawnmowers from Europe to America. C. Why Americans love their lawns. D. The invention of the mechanical lawnmower. 12. When was the word “lawn” first used in the sense we understand it today? A. In 1823. B. In 1733. C. In the early 19th century. D. In the mid-20th century. 13. The word “aristocracy” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A. garden workers B. the noble class or upper class C. poor farmers D. city residents 14. Who invented the first mechanical lawnmower? A. John Howard Payne. B. An American inventor. C. Edwin Beard Budding. D. A French engineer. 15. Why did lawnmowing become more common in the US according to the passage? A. Because of the invention of better grass seeds. B. Because of the growth of homeownership and suburbs in the mid-20th century. C. Because the government made it a law. D. Because tennis became popular. Part D Passage D Why Asking for Help Is a Strength, Not a Weakness We all know at least one or two adults who like to have things done for them: someone to run their errands, drive them to appointments, pick up their groceries. My mother was like this. I was what is referred to as the parentified child, taking care of her from the time I was a young girl until she died seven years ago. I was so put off by my mother’s complete reliance on other people that I went in the opposite direction; I became a psychologist who strongly prefers to do everything for herself. I learned over time that the problem with excessive self-reliance or stoicism is that it isn’t always, or even often, effective. As a psychologist, I had to learn the importance of asking for help when one needs it, and then teach it to the people I work with. No one can go through life alone. Humans are social beings, and we are designed to be interconnected with one another. Being able to effectively ask for and receive help also makes us stronger and more independent over time. There are many reasons why people don’t like to ask for help. One is we think we should be able to do everything for ourselves. We feel that if we ask others for help, we will look weak or needy. We might fear rejection or worry about imposing on others. We may even believe that receiving help from others means we owe someone something back. Believe me, I get it. I have some of those same cognitive distortions in my thinking as well. I need to give myself grace and compassion for having such thoughts, and then push through them. Once we have pushed past those thoughts, the next step is figuring out what help we could benefit from, and knowing how, when, and who to ask for help. We aren’t supposed to have all the answers, capabilities, or capacities. I encourage the people I work with to take an inventory of the needs that they have. We have to understand that, as emotionally healthy adults, we need to meet many of our own needs ourselves. Some of our needs we can ask other people for help with, and some of our needs will go unmet. Once we figure out the needs we have, we can spot which ones might benefit from support and assistance. Let’s say we don’t want to go to the end-of-summer company picnic alone and would prefer a plus-one to come with us. There’s nothing wrong — and, dare I say, everything right — with asking another person to accompany us. But we need to be strategic. First, pick a supportive person to ask. Then, ask politely. When we ask for help, we might want to consider what our body language, posture, tone of voice, and choice of words say about us and our request. For example, if we stand in front of someone with our arms crossed over our chests, this often signals defensiveness or a lack of openness. Making demands or insisting that someone help us can be off-putting and decrease our chances of getting support. One practical approach I like suggests that, when it comes to asking for help, people consider starting small, practicing on safe people with simple requests. Your odds of success are higher if you ask someone for a ride to a job interview than if you ask them for money to pay this month’s rent. When we ask for help, we also must be prepared for someone to say no. If they do, we must learn not to take it personally. Most of the time, their reasons for refusal are not about us. I reached out to Adam Brown, a psychologist and professor at the New School for Social Research who has conducted research on factors that contribute to mental-health risks and resilience. “Strong social connections and support are among the most important protective factors when people face stress, adversity, and difficult life circumstances,” he said. “Asking for help is not a sign of weakness. It is a form of adaptive coping that strengthens relationships, reduces isolation, and creates opportunities to gain new perspectives, learn from others, and grow.” I agree, and I sometimes need that reminder when my old childhood habit returns and I start believing that I need to have all the answers and take care of everyone but me. I’m human. I deserve support, connection, and help, just like everyone else. And so do you. D篇（任务型阅读，第16-20题） 阅读Passage D，完成下列任务。 Task 1: 根据短文内容，完成下列表格（每空不超过3个词） 题号 问题 答案 16 What kind of child was the author? (16) ________ 17-18 Why don’t people like to ask for help? (List two reasons) (17) ________ and (18) ________ 19 What should we consider when asking for help? Our (19) ________ and choice of words 20 What does Adam Brown say about asking for help? It is not a sign of (20) ________ Task 2: 判断下列句子是否符合短文内容，符合写”T”，不符合写”F” 题号 句子 答案 21 The author became a psychologist because she wanted to depend on others. (21) ___ 22 According to the passage, humans are social beings who need each other. (22) ___ 23 The author thinks asking for help makes people look weak. (23) ___ 24 When asking for help, crossing your arms may make people feel you are not open. (24) ___ 25 Adam Brown believes that strong social connections help people face difficulties. (25) ___ 重点词汇与短语 Passage A 重点词汇 单词/短语 词性 中文释义 例句 historian n. 历史学家 She wants to become a historian. phrase n. 短语；措辞 “Good morning” is a common phrase. scrap n. 片段；碎片 They found scraps of an old letter. humble adj. 简朴的；谦逊的 They live in a humble cottage. lyric n. 歌词 I don’t know the lyrics to this song. settle into v. phr. 逐渐形成(语境翻译，常用含义：适应；慢慢习惯于) The word settled into its current form. citation n. 引用；引文 The dictionary includes many citations. comfort n./v. 舒适；安慰 Music is a comfort in difficult times. Passage B 重点词汇 单词/短语 词性 中文释义 例句 gadget n. 小器具；小装置 This new gadget is very useful. electric toothbrush n. 电动牙刷 She bought a new electric toothbrush. track v. 追踪；记录 This app can track your exercise. feedback n. 反馈 The teacher gave us useful feedback. status symbol n. phr. 身份象征 A luxury car is often seen as a status symbol. evidence n. 证据 There is no evidence to support this claim. overheat v. 过热 The computer overheated and shut down. income n. 收入 They live on a low income. Passage C 重点词汇 单词/短语 词性 中文释义 例句 manicure v./n. 美甲；修剪(指甲) He went to get a manicure. iconography n. 图像学；象征 The iconography of the painting is fascinating. Atlantic n. 大西洋 They crossed the Atlantic by ship. aristocracy n. 贵族；上层阶级 The aristocracy lived in large houses. graze v. 放牧；吃草 The sheep graze on the hill. Enlightenment n. 启蒙运动 The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement. patent n./v. 专利；申请专利 He patented his invention in 1830. revolutionize v. 彻底改变 The internet revolutionized communication. homeownership n. 住房拥有率 Homeownership rates have increased. contribute v. 贡献；有助于 Exercise can contribute to better health. Passage D 重点词汇 单词/短语 词性 中文释义 例句 reliance n. 依赖 Her reliance on technology is worrying. excessive adj. 过度的 Excessive screen time can harm eyes. stoicism n. 斯多葛主义；忍耐 His stoicism impressed everyone. cognitive distortion n. phr. 认知扭曲 Negative thinking is a cognitive distortion. compassion n. 同情；慈悲 She showed compassion to everyone. inventory n./v. 清单；盘点 Let me take an inventory of my needs. strategic adj. 有策略的 We need a strategic plan. posture n. 姿势；态度 Good posture is important for health. resilience n. 韧性；恢复力 Children show remarkable resilience. isolate v. 孤立 Lack of friends can isolate you. 长难句分析 句子1（Passage A）： “Mid pleasures and palaces, though we may roam, be it ever so humble, there’s no place like home.” 分析：这是一个复合句。“Mid pleasures and palaces”意为”纵然身处欢乐与宫殿”；“though we may roam”是由though引导的让步状语从句，意为”虽然我们可能四处漂泊”；“be it ever so humble”是虚拟语气结构，相当于”however humble it may be”，意为”无论它多么简陋”；主句”there’s no place like home”意为”没有地方能比得上家”。 翻译：纵然身处欢乐与宫殿，纵然我们四处漂泊，无论家园多么简陋，没有地方能比得上家。 句子2（Passage B）： “There is no strong evidence that one type of electric brush cleans better than another.” 分析：这是一个复合句。主句为”There is no strong evidence”；“that one type of electric brush cleans better than another”是由that引导的同位语从句，解释evidence的具体内容。从句中”one type…than another”是比较结构，意为”某种电动牙刷比另一种清洁效果更好”。 翻译：没有有力证据表明某种电动牙刷比另一种清洁效果更好。 句子3（Passage C）： “While attitudes toward the natural world would change with the Romantic era, which embraced wild nature instead, the idea of the lawn of one’s own home as something to be contained has endured.” 分析：这是一个复合句。“While attitudes toward the natural world would change with the Romantic era”是由while引导的让步状语从句，意为”虽然对自然世界的态度会随着浪漫主义时代而改变”；“which embraced wild nature instead”是由which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰the Romantic era，意为”浪漫主义时代崇尚野生自然”；主句”the idea…has endured”意为”……的观念却延续了下来”，其中”of the lawn of one’s own home as something to be contained”是修饰idea的定语。 翻译：虽然对自然世界的态度会随着崇尚野生自然的浪漫主义时代而改变，但”自家草坪需要被管控”这一观念却延续了下来。 句子4（Passage D）： “Being able to effectively ask for and receive help also makes us stronger and more independent over time.” 分析：这是一个简单句。“Being able to effectively ask for and receive help”是动名词短语作主语，其中”ask for and receive”是并列谓语，共同受”being able to”修饰；“makes us stronger and more independent”是谓语部分，make+宾语+宾补结构；“over time”是时间状语，意为”随着时间的推移”。 翻译：能够有效地寻求帮助并接受帮助，也会让我们随着时间的推移变得更强壮和更独立。 句子5（Passage D）： “Asking for help is not a sign of weakness. It is a form of adaptive coping that strengthens relationships, reduces isolation, and creates opportunities to gain new perspectives, learn from others, and grow.” 分析：这是两个句子。第一句是简单句，主语”Asking for help”是动名词短语。第二句中，“It”指代”asking for help”；“a form of adaptive coping”是表语；“that strengthens relationships, reduces isolation, and creates opportunities…”是由that引导的定语从句，修饰adaptive coping，从句中有三个并列的谓语动词：strengthens、reduces、creates。“to gain new perspectives, learn from others, and grow”是不定式短语作opportunities的后置定语。 翻译：寻求帮助不是软弱的迹象。它是一种适应性的应对方式，能够加强关系，减少孤立，并创造获得新视角、向他人学习并成长的机会。 ( 第 1 页 共 20 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 英语阅读理解专项训练1 2026英语 中考备考 人教版 答案解析 Passage A 参考译文 “Home Sweet Home（家，甜蜜的家）” 如何成为归家常用语 人们转动钥匙开门时，至今仍会说这句话：Home sweet home（家，甜蜜的家）。这句话听起来仿佛和房屋一样古老，然而长久以来，事实并非如此。 2026 年，音乐史学家乔纳森・希克斯直白地指出：在 1823 年之前，“Home, Sweet Home” 并不是一句广为流传的短语。《牛津英语词典》找到了更早的零星文字，在诗歌与译文中，“home” 和 “sweet” 已经并排出现，但彼时它还没有变成如今人们站在门口脱口而出的那句问候。 就在 1823 年，美国作家约翰・霍华德・佩恩将这句歌词写进了在伦敦上演的歌剧《克拉丽，或米兰少女》。亨利・毕晓普谱写了曲调，标注为西西里风格乐曲。在科文特花园剧院，玛丽亚・特里演唱了一位少女的故事：她见过无数宫殿，内心却依然眷恋自己简陋的家。歌词写道：“纵使游历繁华宫殿，阅尽世间欢愉；纵然居所简陋，世间无处可比家。” 这首歌走出了剧院。街头手摇风琴不断演奏它，马车护卫也哼唱它。希克斯写道，在佩恩的这段歌词打动大众之后，这个短句慢慢固定成了这种工整、对称的形式。 词典至今仍将 “home sweet home” 列为固定短语。后世的引文记录了词义的演变：它不再仅仅是一首歌名，而成为人们旅途终点时的感慨。一本牛津学习词典标注：人们回到自己家中或是祖国时，常会说出这句话。 旅途纵然明媚，宫殿纵然华美。这句常在门口脱口而出的话，起源于两百多年前一首饱含乡愁的歌曲。它最初并非一句享受安逸的口号，而是一份对归乡的期盼。 Passage B 参考译文 售价 600 英镑的电动牙刷，与举步维艰的英国国民保健署牙医 1969 年 12 月，一本名为《Which?》的杂志介绍了一款很多人会买来当作圣诞礼物的新物件：电动牙刷。文章称，这款牙刷 “和普通牙刷差别不大”，只是刷头可以自动摆动。 近 60 年后，电动牙刷的功能早已不止自动摆动。它们可以实时追踪你的刷牙情况，带有牙龈按摩模式，如今有的甚至内置微型摄像头。价格跨度很大，基础款欧乐 B 电动牙刷约 25 英镑，而具备 “智能反馈” 功能的飞利浦 Sonicare 高端款售价高达 599.99 英镑。戴森最新款电动牙刷搭载人工智能，能够识别牙缝，喷水清洁，售价 419.99 英镑。 市场调研公司英敏特的数据显示，在英国，59% 的成年人现在使用电动牙刷。去年，牙刷与替换刷头的销售额达到 3.61 亿英镑。英国牙科协会的蕾切尔・拜尔斯托表示：“越来越多高价牙刷、高价牙膏出现在市场上。” 她说，这类产品已经成了一种身份象征。“如果你看到装修精致的浴室照片，总能看到电动牙刷的充电插座。” 但牙医们并不认为高价就物有所值。扎伊姆・贾夫里博士说：“没有有力证据能证明某一款电动牙刷的清洁效果优于其他款式。” 他试用过戴森这款电动牙刷，发现喷水头很难控制，内置的小摄像头经常被水和牙膏泡沫遮挡。部分新款牙刷还出现过热、充电故障问题。本文撰写时，该款牙刷尚未上市销售。 人们追捧这类新奇产品的背后，存在一个现实难题：很多人无法获得牙科诊疗服务。在英格兰，截至 2026 年 3 月的两年内，60% 的成年人没有看过国民保健署（NHS）的牙医。这一差距还和收入相关：低收入人群中仅有 47% 使用电动牙刷，而高收入群体这一比例高达 76%。 贾夫里博士说，那些愿意花数百英镑购买智能电动牙刷的人，本身刷牙习惯通常就很好。“这解决不了我们面临的更大难题。” Passage C 参考译文 整洁草坪如何从身份象征，变成郊区标配 修剪平整的草坪已经成为现代很多花园的标志性景观。郊区住宅门前那片修剪整齐的草地，也是美国文化里十分经典的画面。 但这种把草坪修剪得短而整齐（而非简单修剪或者放任野草疯长）的传统源自哪里？它的起源其实在大西洋彼岸的欧洲。1733 年，“草坪” 一词首次以我们如今理解的含义被使用。下面我们来回顾打理草坪这项传统的历史。 这个传统始于 18 世纪。当时，维护完好的草坪是主人财富的象征，只有大地主和贵族才负担得起养护成本。没钱维持草坪整齐的人，通常依靠牲畜放牧来把草啃短。 人们对草坪的态度，也和启蒙运动 “改造、掌控自然” 的理念息息相关。浪漫主义时代到来后，人们转而推崇原生态的自然，但 “自家院子的草坪需要规整打理” 这个观念一直延续至今。 18 世纪的时候，草坪需要人工修剪，大片草地有时要用长柄镰刀收割。19 世纪初，英国工程师埃德温・比尔德・巴丁发明了世界第一台机械割草机，一切就此改变。 1830 年 8 月 31 日，一项机器专利提交申请，描述为：“一套全新机械设备组合，用于修剪草坪、草地与休闲绿地的植被表层。” 巴丁的发明彻底革新了草坪养护。据说，这项发明尚在试验阶段时，他只敢在夜间测试割草机，避免被人围观、遭到嘲笑。 颇具讽刺意味的是，尽管这项发明改变了世界，如今割草机随处可见，巴丁本人却没有靠它赚到钱。 20 世纪中期，美国房屋自有率暴涨，推动了割草养护草坪的流行：美国自有住房的比例从 1940 年的 44% 上升至 1960 年的 62%。越来越多郊区社区兴起，家家户户门前都配有差不多的草坪。每天看着邻居家的草坪，房主们会觉得，自家草坪必须维护好，才能维持整个街区的美观，修剪草坪也就越来越普遍。 到 21 世纪，干净平整的草坪依旧随处可见。每年夏天 6 月底至 7 月初，温布尔登网球锦标赛就在草地赛场上举办，赛事期间草坪会被反复修剪。草地网球最初就被叫做 “草坪网球”。所以当我们看见这类草地球场，就能想到：这是延续数百年传统留存至今的现代遗产，直至今天依旧盛行。 Passage D 参考译文 求助是一种力量，而非软弱 我们身边总会认识一两个习惯事事找人代办的成年人：找人跑腿办事、开车接送、帮忙采购食材。我的母亲就是这样。我属于 “亲职化孩子”，从小就照顾她，直到七年前她离世。母亲凡事依赖他人的样子让我十分抵触，于是我走向另一个极端：我成了一名心理学家，凡事都习惯自己扛。 久而久之我发现，过度独立、硬撑要强往往行不通。作为心理学者，我慢慢懂得，需要帮助时主动求助十分重要，我也把这个道理教给我的来访者。 没有人能独自走完一生。人类是社会性生物，天生就需要彼此联结。学会有效求助、接受帮助，长期来看，会让我们变得更强大，拥有更强的独立能力。 很多人不愿意求助，原因有很多。其一，我们觉得所有事都该自己搞定。一旦开口求助，就会显得软弱、需要依附别人。我们害怕被拒绝，担心麻烦别人，甚至认为接受帮助就等于欠别人人情。 我完全理解这种想法，我自己也会有这类认知偏差。我会宽容接纳自己这样的想法，然后试着突破这种心理障碍。 跨过这些心理关卡之后，下一步就是想清楚自己需要哪类帮助，掌握求助的时机、方式与求助对象。 我们不可能掌握全部知识、拥有无限能力。我会建议来访者梳理自己的需求。作为情绪健康的成年人，大部分需求需要我们自己满足；一部分需求可以寻求他人协助；还有一部分需求，终究无法被满足。 理清自身需求之后，我们就能判断哪些需求可以寻求外界支持。举个例子：不想独自参加公司夏末野餐，希望有人陪同。主动邀请别人一起前往，这件事完全没有问题，甚至可以说是一件好事。但求助需要讲究策略。 首先，选择愿意支持你的人。其次，礼貌提出请求。求助时，留意自己的肢体语言、姿态、语气和措辞，它们会传递信息。比如，双臂交叉抱在胸前，通常代表防备、不愿敞开心扉。强硬要求别人帮忙，容易让人反感，降低获得帮助的可能性。 我很认可一个实用方法：求助从小事开始，先向信任的人提出简单请求。请别人开车送你去面试，成功率远高于开口借钱交当月房租。 求助时，也要做好被拒绝的心理准备。如果对方拒绝，不要觉得是针对自己。大多数情况下，拒绝的理由和你本人无关。 我采访了亚当・布朗，他是新学院大学的心理学教授，研究影响心理健康风险与心理韧性的因素。他说：“当人们面对压力、困境与人生磨难时，稳固的社会关系与外界支持，是最重要的保护因素之一。求助不是软弱的标志，它是一种适应性应对方式，能够巩固人际关系、减少孤独感，带来新视角、帮助我们向他人学习、获得成长。” 我对此深表认同。有时候旧日童年习惯会卷土重来，让我觉得必须知晓一切、照顾所有人唯独忽略自己，这时我就需要用这段话提醒自己。 我只是普通人，我和所有人一样，值得被支持、拥有联结、获得帮助。你也一样。 参考答案与解析 选择题答案与解析 1. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段引出”Home sweet home”这句话，第二段说明它在1823年之前并非常用短语，第三至六段详细讲述了这句话从歌剧歌词到日常用语的演变过程。B选项”The origin and development of the phrase ‘Home sweet home’“最准确概括了全文主旨。A选项”The history of opera in London”只是文章涉及的背景之一；C选项”How to write a good song lyric”偏离主题；D选项”The life of John Howard Payne”只是文章提及的人物，非全文主旨。 2. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段”The Oxford English Dictionary finds earlier scraps, in poems and in translations, where home and sweet already sat side by side”可知，在1823年之前的诗歌和翻译作品中，home和sweet已经一起出现过。A选项”were never used together”与原文矛盾；C选项”were a popular greeting at the door”与原文”They had not yet become the greeting”矛盾；D选项”were used in operas”时间不对，歌剧是1823年才出现的。 3. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。第二段提到”where home and sweet already sat side by side”，结合上下文，意思是home和sweet已经在某些文字中”一起出现”了。side by side意为”并肩地、一起”，B选项together最接近。A选项separately（分开地）意思相反；C选项far apart（相距遥远）意思相反；D选项in competition（竞争中）与语境不符。 4. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段”At Covent Garden, Maria Tree sang of a young woman…“可知，歌剧Clari在伦敦的科文特花园剧院首次演出。A选项纽约错误；C选项米兰是歌剧中设定的地点，非演出地点；D选项牛津错误。 5. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。综合全文，这句话最初是1823年歌剧中的一段歌词（“be it ever so humble, there’s no place like home”），后来逐渐演变为人们回家时说的常用语。B选项”It was originally a song lyric that later became a common expression”正确。A选项”It was always a popular greeting before 1823”与原文”was not a common phrase before 1823”矛盾；C选项”It was created by the Oxford English Dictionary”错误，词典只是记录；D选项”It was only used in the 18th century”错误，原文提到它延续至今。 6. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。文章前半部分介绍电动牙刷的发展历程和功能升级，后半部分讨论英国牙医资源不足的问题以及高价牙刷与实际口腔健康之间的关系。B选项”To introduce electric toothbrushes and discuss dental care issues in the UK”最全面。A选项”To advise people to buy expensive toothbrushes”与原文牙医的观点相反；C选项”To explain how to use a Dyson toothbrush”只是细节；D选项”To compare different brands of toothbrushes”不全面。 7. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段”The newest one, made by Dyson, uses AI to find gaps between your teeth and sprays water to clean them. It costs £419.99”可知，戴森牙刷售价419.99英镑。A选项25英镑是普通欧乐B牙刷的价格；B选项300英镑无依据；D选项599.99英镑是飞利浦牙刷的价格。 8. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。第三段提到Rachel Bairsto说”We are seeing more and more expensive toothbrushes”，然后说”these products have become a kind of status symbol”，并举例说”如果你看到一张漂亮浴室的照片，里面总会有一款电动牙刷的插头”。由此可推断status symbol意为”显示你富有或重要的东西”。A选项正确。B选项”a symbol of good dental health”与语境不符；C选项”a type of expensive toothpaste”错误；D选项”a photo of a nice bathroom”是举例内容，非status symbol的含义。 9. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段Dr. Jafri的评价：“There is no strong evidence that one type of electric brush cleans better than another”以及他试用戴森牙刷后发现”the water jet hard to control”和”the small camera was often blocked”等问题，可以推断他认为这款牙刷存在问题，高价不一定值得。A选项”It is the best toothbrush on the market”与原文相反；C选项”It is too cheap for most people”与事实相反；D选项”It solves all dental problems”夸大其词。 10. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。最后一段Dr. Jafri说”the people who are most likely to spend hundreds of pounds on a smart toothbrush usually already brush their teeth well”，说明买昂贵牙刷的人通常已经有很好的刷牙习惯。A选项”Everyone in England can see an NHS dentist”与原文”60% of adults did not see an NHS dentist”矛盾；C选项”Lower-income people use electric toothbrushes more often”与原文”Only 47% of people with lower incomes use an electric toothbrush, but 76% of people with higher incomes do”矛盾；D选项”NHS dentists are doing very well in England”与原文描述的牙医资源短缺问题矛盾。 11. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。文章从草坪传统的欧洲起源讲起，历经18世纪的手工修剪、19世纪割草机的发明，到20世纪美国郊区的普及，最后提到当代温布尔登网球赛中的草坪。B选项”The history of lawns and lawnmowers from Europe to America”最全面。A选项”How to keep a neat lawn”只是细节；C选项”Why Americans love their lawns”不全面；D选项”The invention of the mechanical lawnmower”只是文章部分内容。 12. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段”where the word ‘lawn’ was first used in the sense we understand it today in 1733”可知，“lawn”一词在1733年首次以我们今天理解的含义被使用。A选项1823年是”Home sweet home”歌剧出现的年份；C选项19世纪初是割草机发明的时间；D选项20世纪中期是美国郊区增长的时期。 13. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。第三段提到”a well-preserved area of grass was viewed as something of a status symbol and a sign of the owner’s wealth, as only the landed gentry and the aristocracy could afford it”，意思是只有乡绅和aristocracy才能负担得起，由此可推断aristocracy指”贵族阶层或上层阶级”。A选项”garden workers”与语境相反；C选项”poor farmers”负担不起；D选项”city residents”与上下文无关。 14. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段”the first-ever mechanical lawnmower, which was invented in the early 19th century by the English engineer Edwin Beard Budding”可知，第一台机械割草机由英国工程师埃德温·比尔德·巴丁发明。A选项佩恩是作家；B选项美国发明家错误；D选项法国工程师错误。 15. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第八段”The rise in popularity of lawnmowing in the U.S. can be partly explained by a boom in homeownership in the mid-20th century… That growth led to a rise in suburbs”可知，割草机在美国的流行与20世纪中期住房拥有率的飙升和郊区增长有关。A选项”Because of the invention of better grass seeds”文中未提及；C选项”Because the government made it a law”文中未提及；D选项”Because tennis became popular”是结果而非原因。 任务型阅读答案与解析 Task 1 答案： 1. A parentified child / The parentified child 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段”I was what is referred to as the parentified child”可知，作者自称是”parentified child”（被迫扮演父母角色的孩子）。定位原文：“I was what is referred to as the parentified child, taking care of her from the time I was a young girl until she died seven years ago.” 1. We think we should be able to do everything for ourselves. / We feel that if we ask others for help, we will look weak or needy. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段”There are many reasons why people don’t like to ask for help. One is we think we should be able to do everything for ourselves. We feel that if we ask others for help, we will look weak or needy.”可提取原因。 1. We might fear rejection. / We worry about imposing on others. / We may believe that receiving help means we owe someone something back.（任选一点，与17题不重复） 解析：同上段，可提取其他原因。 1. body language, posture, tone of voice 解析：细节理解题。根据第九段”When we ask for help, we might want to consider what our body language, posture, tone of voice, and choice of words say about us and our request”可知。 1. weakness 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Adam Brown的话”Asking for help is not a sign of weakness”可知。 Task 2 答案： 1. F 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段，作者成为心理医生是因为”so put off by my mother’s complete reliance on other people that I went in the opposite direction”，即因为反感母亲的依赖而选择独立，而非想要依赖他人。 1. T 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段”No one can go through life alone. Humans are social beings, and we are designed to be interconnected with one another”可知，人类是社会性动物，需要彼此连接。 1. F 解析：推理判断题。文章主旨是”寻求帮助是一种力量，而不是软弱”，作者认为寻求帮助是strength而非weakness。虽然文中提到”people feel that if we ask others for help, we will look weak”，但这是人们错误的想法，不是作者的观点。 1. T 解析：细节理解题。根据第九段”if we stand in front of someone with our arms crossed over our chests, this often signals defensiveness or a lack of openness”可知，交叉双臂可能表明缺乏开放性。 1. T 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Adam Brown的话”Strong social connections and support are among the most important protective factors when people face stress, adversity, and difficult life circumstances”可知，强大的社会联系和支持是人们面对困难时最重要的保护因素。 ( 第 1 页 共 8 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $