专题01 非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语和补足语（期中复习讲义）高二英语上学期译林版

专题01 非谓语动词（一）（主语、宾语、表语和补足语） 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一 非谓语动词作主语 / 考点二 非谓语动词作宾语 / 考点三 非谓语动词作表语 / 考点四 非谓语动词作补足语 05 限时分层演练 高考真题 / 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题核心考点覆盖非谓语动词（不定式、动词 -ing 形式、动词 -ed 形式）作主语、宾语、表语和补足语的判断与运用，重点包括：形式主语 it 的使用，常接不定式 / -ing 作宾语的动词清单，remember / forget / regret / try / mean 等词后接两种形式的含义差异，动词 -ing 与 -ed 形式作表语的区别，以及感官动词后省 to 不定式、-ing、-ed 作补足语的辨析。命题上常结合语法填空（给提示词填适当形式）、完成句子和写作表达等真实题型设置情境。整体以基础送分为主，但“动名词作表语 vs 动词-ing 作表语”“-ed 作表语 vs 被动语态”“see sb do vs see sb doing”是拉开分差的关键点。 识记 牢记不定式与 -ing 形式可作主语、宾语，-ed 形式不能作主语和宾语；熟记常接 to do 与 doing 作宾语的动词清单及常见固定搭配。 理解 辨析动名词作表语与 -ing 形式作表语（主语和表语能否互换）；区分 -ed 形式作表语与被动语态（状态与动作）；理清感官动词后 do、doing、done 三种补足语的意义差异。 应用 能在语法填空中准确填写非谓语动词的适当形式；能用 it 作形式主语改写句子；能在写作中运用 -ing / -ed 形式描述艺术作品的观感。 考点一 非谓语动词作主语 1. 基本规则：动词不定式和动词 -ing 形式都可以在句中作主语；动词 -ed 形式 ①_________（能 / 不能）作主语。 2. 不定式作主语：常用 ②_________ 作形式主语，把真正的主语（不定式）放在句末。 Collecting stamps is my hobby. → It is my hobby to collect stamps. 收集邮票是我的爱好。 3. -ing 形式作主语：-ing 形式置于句末时，也可用 it 作形式主语。 It is no good pretending to know what you do not know. It is no use ③_________ (complain). 假装懂你不懂的东西没有好处。／抱怨没有用。 ⚠️避坑指南 it 作形式主语时，句子谓语动词用单数；且 It is no use / no good 后必须接 -ing 形式，不能接不定式。 考点二 非谓语动词作宾语 1. 常接不定式作宾语的动词：afford, agree, arrange, choose, desire, expect, fail, hope, intend, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 等。 Tom promised ④_________ (go) with me. 汤姆答应和我一起去。 2. 常接 -ing 形式作宾语的动词：advise, admit, avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, finish, practise, suggest 等；以及 burst out, give up, insist on, keep on, put off 等短语。 I considered ⑤_________ (go) to see him in person. 我考虑亲自去看他。 Everyone burst out ⑥_________ (laugh). 大家都大笑起来。 3. 两者皆可、意义基本相同：like, love, begin, start 后接不定式或 -ing 形式作宾语，二者区别不大，可以互换使用。 I like singing. = I like to sing. 我喜欢唱歌。 4. 两者皆可、意义不同：remember, forget, regret, try, mean 后接不定式或 -ing 形式均可，但意义不同： I remember ⑦_________ (see) him before.（记得曾经见过他——已做） I remember ⑧_________ (tell) him about it.（记得要告诉他这件事——未做） I now regret ⑨_________ (tell) the lie.（我现在很后悔说过这个谎） I regret ⑩_________ (tell) you the bad news.（我很遗憾地告诉你这个坏消息） 5. 介词后一般只接 -ing 形式作宾语。 How about ⑪_________ (come) with us? 和我们一起来怎么样？ ⚠️记忆口诀 接 to do——“想要希望别失败（want, hope, fail），假装承诺要安排（pretend, promise, arrange），同意选择给提供（agree, choose, offer），期望打算别拒绝（expect, intend, refuse）”。 接 -ing——“建议承认要避免（advise, admit, avoid），考虑享受完练习（consider, enjoy, finish, practise），坚持放弃推迟掉（insist on, give up, put off），介词后面 doing 跑不掉”。 ⚠️易混易错 regret to do 表示“遗憾地要做某事”（多用于 regret to say / to tell / to inform），regret doing 表示“后悔做过某事”。考试最爱在此设陷阱。 考点三 非谓语动词作表语 1. 不定式作表语：说明主语所指的具体内容，可以带逻辑主语，有的情况下 to 可以省略。 My purpose is ⑫_________ (help) them. 我的目的是帮助他们。 All I did was (to) give him a little push. 我所做的只是轻轻推了他一下。 2. 动词 -ing 形式作表语：用来表示主语的⑬_________、状态、情感等，具有形容词的特征，可以用 very 修饰。 Your achievements are very inspiring. 你的成就很鼓舞人心。 常见词：exciting, interesting, disappointing, encouraging, puzzling, surprising, confusing, amusing, charming, astonishing, shocking, inviting 等。 3. 动词 -ed 形式作表语：多表示主语所处的⑭_________或所具备的特征，多位于系动词（be, remain, feel, seem, look, become 等）之后。 We were amazed at the beauty of the lake. She was disappointed at the news. 湖泊的美使我们感到惊奇。／她对这个消息感到失望。 常见词：amazed, delighted, disappointed, discouraged, amused, astonished, lost, crowded, tired, satisfied, pleased, surprised, worried, excited, married, puzzled, upset 等。 4. -ing 与 -ed 对比：与感觉有关的及物动词，其 -ing 形式表示主动意义，即“令人……的”，多用来修饰⑮_________；其 -ed 形式含有被动意义，即“人感到……的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。 -ing（令人……的） -ed（感到……的） -ing（令人……的） -ed（感到……的） exciting excited interesting interested surprising surprised moving moved encouraging encouraged tiring tired frightening frightened satisfying satisfied pleasing pleased puzzling puzzled shocking shocked worrying worried ⚠️概念辨析 动名词作表语 vs 动词 -ing 作表语 区别 动名词作表语 动词 -ing 作表语 含义 解释说明主语的内容 说明主语的性质、特征、状态 互换性 主语和表语可以互换 主语和表语不可以互换 例句 My hobby is playing chess.（= Playing chess is my hobby.） The argument is very convincing. ⚠️易混易错 -ed 作表语 vs 被动语态 -ed 形式作表语表示的是一种⑯_________或特征，而被动语态表示的是一个⑰_________，被动意味很强，后面常跟 by 短语。 This shop is now closed.（状态：这家商店现在已经关门了。） This shop is closed at 6 pm every day.（动作：这家商店每天下午 6 点关门。） 考点四 非谓语动词作补足语 1. 不定式作补足语：在 expect, forbid, force, order, permit, request, warn 等动词后，常接“名词/代词 + 不定式”结构。 We can always expect her ⑱_________ (help) us. He warned us ⑲_________ (be) careful. 我们总可以指望她来帮助我们。／他警告我们要小心。 2. 省 to 的不定式作补足语：在 see, hear, notice, watch, feel 等感官动词后，可接不带 to 的不定式作补足语，表示动作的⑳_________。 I saw him cross the street and enter a shop. 我看见他穿过了马路，然后进了一家店。 3. -ing 形式作补足语：感官动词后也可接 -ing 形式作补足语，表示动作㉑_________。 I saw him crossing the street. 我看见他正在过马路。 4. -ed 形式作补足语：常表示被动意义。 How would you like your hair cut? We must get our work ㉒_________ (finish) by 10 o'clock. 你想要什么样的发型？／我们必须在 10 点前把工作做完。 ⚠️概念辨析 感官动词后三种补足语 形式 含义 例句 see sb do（省 to） 动作的全过程 I saw him cross the street. see sb doing 动作正在进行 I saw him crossing the street. see sth done 被动意义 We must get our work finished by 10 o'clock. ⚠️避坑指南 感官动词后接不定式作补足语时必须省略 to；但变为被动语态时，to 要还原：He was seen to cross the street. 【参考答案】 考点一：① 不能　② it　③ complaining 考点二：④ to go　⑤ going　⑥ laughing　⑦ seeing　⑧ to tell　⑨ telling　⑩ to tell　⑪ coming 考点三：⑫ to help　⑬ 特性　⑭ 状态　⑮ 物　⑯ 状态　⑰ 动作 考点四：⑱ to help　⑲ to be　⑳ 全过程　㉑ 正在进行　㉒ finished 高考真题（限时：8分钟） 1.（2026浙江1月卷) I remember ____62____ (push) a supermarket trolley (手推车) over ____63____ uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. 【答案】 being pushed 考查点：非谓语动词（动名词的被动式）及动词搭配。 句子结构分析：“I remember __________ a supermarket trolley over uneven car park ground...”。此处“remember”是谓语动词。 考点定位：“remember”后可接动名词（remember doing）表示“记得做过某事”，也可接不定式（remember to do）表示“记得要去做某事”。根据前文 “being held in her arms”, “feeling so high up there”, “She would dance us left and right” 可知，作者当时是婴儿，坐在超市手推车里，由妈妈推着走。因此 “I” 与 “push” 之间是被动关系，用动名词被动式 being pushed。 代入验证：“我记得（自己）被推着一辆超市手推车……”。“being pushed”作“remember”的宾语，准确表达了“被推着”这一过去的被动经历。 63. the 考查点：冠词。 句子结构分析：“...over __________ uneven car park ground...”。空格后是名词短语“uneven car park ground”。 考点定位：此处的中心名词是 ground。Ground 在表示“地面、土地”时，通常是不可数名词。不可数名词在表示泛指时，前面不加冠词；在表示特指时，加定冠词 the。句中描述的 uneven car park ground特指当时“我们”推着手推车经过的那个停车场的那块不平的地面。因此，这里需要一个定冠词 the。 代入验证：“over the uneven car park ground”（越过那块不平整的停车场地面），冠词使用正确。 2.（2025年北京卷） When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ____12____ (scare). 【答案】 scared 【解析】考查非谓语动词之过去分词作宾补。句意：我有时会把他叫回来，担心他可能会吓到别人。“have sb. done”表示 “使某人被……”，“someone”与“scare”之间是被动关系，即某人被吓到，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。 3.（2026浙江1月卷）There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave (微波炉) ____56____ (finish) heating, but my mum did it. 【答案】 to finish 考查点：非谓语动词（动词不定式）。 句子结构分析：“There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave __________ heating”。主句为“There are few people...”，后接“who”引导的定语从句。在定语从句中，“waiting for a microwave”是介词“in”的宾语，构成动名词短语作宾语。 考点定位：本题考查“wait for sb/sth to do sth”这一固定结构，意为“等待某人/某物做某事”。其中，动词不定式“to do”作宾语补足语，说明等待的内容或结果。 代入验证：等待微波炉“完成”加热，动词“finish”需用其不定式形式“to finish”。句子意为“几乎没有人能在等待微波炉完成加热的过程中找到乐趣”。 干扰项排除：此处若填“finishing”，则构成“wait for a microwave finishing”，不符合英语固定搭配习惯。 4.（2025年全国一卷）“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope ____58____ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” 【答案】 to present 【解析】考查非谓语动词之不定式作宾语。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 一、单句语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1. Lin said a friend got him ________ (involve) in dragon boat racing over a decade ago. In 2018, they decided to host their own festival. 【答案】involved 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：林说，十多年前，一位朋友让他参与了龙舟比赛。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“got”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“involve”意为“参加”，动词词性，“him”和“involve”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“involve”的过去分词“involved”，作宾语补足语。故填involved。 2. ________ (read) aloud every morning is a good way to improve your pronunciation. 【答案】Reading 【解析】考查非谓语动词作主语。句意：每天早上大声朗读是提高发音的好方法。-ing 形式作主语，表示一般性、习惯性的动作。故填 Reading。 3. My mother suggested ________ (hold) a family dinner, and we all agreed that the idea was worth trying. 【答案】holding 【解析】句意：我妈妈建议举行一次家庭聚餐，我们都同意这个主意值得一试。suggest doing 固定用法；后句 worth trying 提示提议尚未实施，只能选 -ing。（区别于 suggest sb to do 的错误用法） 4. The novel was so ________ (move) that I could hardly hold back my tears while reading it. 【答案】moving 【解析】句意：这本小说如此令人感动，以至于我读的时候几乎忍不住流泪。so…that 结构；主语 the novel（物）作表语，用 -ing 表“令人感动的”。（区别于 moved 表“感到感动的”） 5. We were all ________ (disappoint) at the result, which was far below our expectations. 【答案】disappointed 【解析】句意：我们都对结果感到失望，因为结果远低于我们的预期。人作主语作表语，用 -ed 表“感到失望的”；which 从句补充说明结果低于预期。 6. He pretended ________ (read) when the teacher came in, though the page had not been turned for ten minutes. 【答案】to be reading 【解析】句意：老师进来时，他假装正在看书，尽管那页书已经十分钟没翻过了。pretend to do；though 从句“十分钟没翻页”说明“正在假装看书”，需用进行式表同时进行。 7. Do you remember ________ (lock) the door before we left home, or shall I go back and check? 【答案】locking 【解析】句意：你还记得我们离开家前锁门了吗，还是我回去检查一下？remember doing 表记得做过；后一分句暗示门是否锁上不确定，需用完成含义的动名词。 8. I'll never forget ________ (see) the old artist paint in the quiet studio, whose works I had admired for years. 【答案】seeing 【解析】句意：我永远不会忘记在安静的工作室里看那位老艺术家作画的情景，他的作品我已欣赏多年。never forget doing 表永远不会忘记做过的事；whose 从句提供语境，说明印象之深，锁定 -ing。 9. The car needs ________ (repair); it has been making strange noises for days and could break down at any moment. 【答案】repairing / to be repaired 【解析】句意：这辆车需要修理；它已经连续几天发出奇怪的噪音，随时可能抛锚。need doing = need to be done，主动表被动；分号后从句强调客观需要。 10. They were heard ________ (sing) a folk song in the next room last night when we passed by the door. 【答案】singing 【解析】句意：昨晚我们经过门口时，听到他们在隔壁房间里唱一首民歌。hear sb doing；when we passed by 表动作同时进行，被动还原后仍保留 -ing 表进行。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（-ing / -ed 表语专练） 1. We felt quite ________ (encourage) after the coach praised our teamwork in front of the whole team. 2. The audience was ________ (astonish) at the young violinist's skill, which was far beyond his age. 3. Her ________ (inspire) speech left all of us determined to work harder than ever. 4. The results of the experiment were ________ (disappoint), so the team had to start all over again. 5. The ________ (exhaust) journey through the desert finally came to an end at sunset. 【答案】 1. encouraged 2. astonished 3. inspiring 4. disappointing 5. exhausting 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、语法填空 （注意分析括号内动词是否需变成非谓语）（2026全国I卷） Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them ____56____ (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. The exact dates and ____57____(frequent) of daji vary from region to region. Daji originated from the ancient folk custom of trading goods, which dates back to ____58____Han Dynasty. As transportation and communication ____59____(be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily ____60____(necessity). As a solution, people gathered at specific locations on set days to trade their surplus (剩余的) items ____61____what they needed. In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. ____62____(draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. While eating and enjoying street performances, they chat with each other and share stories of their daily lives. Before ____64____(head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly ____65____(cheap) than those found in supermarkets. 【答案】 56. to be held 57. frequency 58. the 59. were 60. necessities 61. for 62. Drawn 63. that / which 64. heading 65. cheaper 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国农村地区“赶集”这一传统民俗活动的起源、功能与文化意义。文章阐述了赶集通常举行的日期、源于汉代商品交换的历史背景，以及赶集日不仅是买卖交易的场所，更是人们社交娱乐、联络感情的重要场合。 56.考查非谓语动词。句意：赶集也常见于春节、中秋节等传统中国节日以及其他地方性节日期间举行。固定句型"It is common for sth. to be done"意为"某事很常见"，此处hold与逻辑主语them（指代赶集）之间为被动关系，故用不定式的被动形式to be held。 57.考查名词。句意：赶集的具体日期和频率因地区而异。空处与dates并列作主语，应用名词形式。frequent为形容词，其名词形式frequency意为"频率"，符合句意。 58.考查冠词。句意：赶集起源于古老的商品交易民俗，其历史可追溯至汉朝。朝代名称前通常加定冠词the，the Han Dynasty意为"汉朝"。 59.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：由于当时交通和通讯不发达，家庭很难获得日常必需品。主语transportation and communication为复数概念，且描述的是过去的情况（at that time），故用一般过去时的复数形式were。 60.考查名词复数。句意：同上。necessity意为"必需品"时，常用复数形式necessities，表示多种日常所需物品。daily necessities为固定搭配，意为"日用品"。 61.考查介词。句意：作为解决方案，人们在约定日期聚集在特定地点，用他们剩余的物品交换所需的东西。固定搭配trade A for B意为"用A交换B"，故填介词for。 62.考查非谓语动词。句意：人们被街头食物的香味吸引，在热气腾腾的饺子和热汤面摊位前排起长队。逻辑主语they与draw之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作状语。首字母需大写，故填Drawn。 63.考查定语从句关系词。句意：同上。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词stands（摊位），关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用that或which。 64.考查非谓语动词。句意：回家之前，他们会把从当地农民那里买来的新鲜水果和蔬菜塞满购物袋。介词before后需接动名词作宾语，head home为固定短语，故填heading。 65.考查形容词比较级。句意：……价格明显低于超市里的同类商品。空后than提示比较级结构，cheap的比较级为cheaper，意为"更便宜的"。 二、单句翻译（汉译英，用指定结构） 1. 学好一门外语需要长期的坚持。（用 it 作形式主语） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 我建议避免在晚上喝浓咖啡。（用 suggest + doing 与 avoid doing） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 我永远不会忘记第一次亲眼见到长城时的激动。（用 never forget doing） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 我们听到她在隔壁房间里弹钢琴。（用 hear sb doing） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 我本想提醒他，但最后还是忘了。（用 mean to do / forget to do） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. It takes long-term persistence to learn a foreign language well.　 2. I suggest avoiding drinking strong coffee in the evening.　 3. I’ll never forget seeing the Great Wall with my own eyes for the first time.　 4. We heard her playing the piano in the next room.　 5. I meant to remind him, but I forgot to do so. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 非谓语动词（一）（主语、宾语、表语和补足语） 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一 非谓语动词作主语 / 考点二 非谓语动词作宾语 / 考点三 非谓语动词作表语 / 考点四 非谓语动词作补足语 05 限时分层演练 高考真题 / 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题核心考点覆盖非谓语动词（不定式、动词 -ing 形式、动词 -ed 形式）作主语、宾语、表语和补足语的判断与运用，重点包括：形式主语 it 的使用，常接不定式 / -ing 作宾语的动词清单，remember / forget / regret / try / mean 等词后接两种形式的含义差异，动词 -ing 与 -ed 形式作表语的区别，以及感官动词后省 to 不定式、-ing、-ed 作补足语的辨析。命题上常结合语法填空（给提示词填适当形式）、完成句子和写作表达等真实题型设置情境。整体以基础送分为主，但“动名词作表语 vs 动词-ing 作表语”“-ed 作表语 vs 被动语态”“see sb do vs see sb doing”是拉开分差的关键点。 识记 牢记不定式与 -ing 形式可作主语、宾语，-ed 形式不能作主语和宾语；熟记常接 to do 与 doing 作宾语的动词清单及常见固定搭配。 理解 辨析动名词作表语与 -ing 形式作表语（主语和表语能否互换）；区分 -ed 形式作表语与被动语态（状态与动作）；理清感官动词后 do、doing、done 三种补足语的意义差异。 应用 能在语法填空中准确填写非谓语动词的适当形式；能用 it 作形式主语改写句子；能在写作中运用 -ing / -ed 形式描述艺术作品的观感。 考点一 非谓语动词作主语 1. 基本规则：动词不定式和动词 -ing 形式都可以在句中作主语；动词 -ed 形式 ①_________（能 / 不能）作主语。 2. 不定式作主语：常用 ②_________ 作形式主语，把真正的主语（不定式）放在句末。 Collecting stamps is my hobby. → It is my hobby to collect stamps. 收集邮票是我的爱好。 3. -ing 形式作主语：-ing 形式置于句末时，也可用 it 作形式主语。 It is no good pretending to know what you do not know. It is no use ③_________ (complain). 假装懂你不懂的东西没有好处。／抱怨没有用。 ⚠️避坑指南 it 作形式主语时，句子谓语动词用单数；且 It is no use / no good 后必须接 -ing 形式，不能接不定式。 考点二 非谓语动词作宾语 1. 常接不定式作宾语的动词：afford, agree, arrange, choose, desire, expect, fail, hope, intend, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 等。 Tom promised ④_________ (go) with me. 汤姆答应和我一起去。 2. 常接 -ing 形式作宾语的动词：advise, admit, avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, finish, practise, suggest 等；以及 burst out, give up, insist on, keep on, put off 等短语。 I considered ⑤_________ (go) to see him in person. 我考虑亲自去看他。 Everyone burst out ⑥_________ (laugh). 大家都大笑起来。 3. 两者皆可、意义基本相同：like, love, begin, start 后接不定式或 -ing 形式作宾语，二者区别不大，可以互换使用。 I like singing. = I like to sing. 我喜欢唱歌。 4. 两者皆可、意义不同：remember, forget, regret, try, mean 后接不定式或 -ing 形式均可，但意义不同： I remember ⑦_________ (see) him before.（记得曾经见过他——已做） I remember ⑧_________ (tell) him about it.（记得要告诉他这件事——未做） I now regret ⑨_________ (tell) the lie.（我现在很后悔说过这个谎） I regret ⑩_________ (tell) you the bad news.（我很遗憾地告诉你这个坏消息） 5. 介词后一般只接 -ing 形式作宾语。 How about ⑪_________ (come) with us? 和我们一起来怎么样？ ⚠️记忆口诀 接 to do——“想要希望别失败（want, hope, fail），假装承诺要安排（pretend, promise, arrange），同意选择给提供（agree, choose, offer），期望打算别拒绝（expect, intend, refuse）”。 接 -ing——“建议承认要避免（advise, admit, avoid），考虑享受完练习（consider, enjoy, finish, practise），坚持放弃推迟掉（insist on, give up, put off），介词后面 doing 跑不掉”。 ⚠️易混易错 regret to do 表示“遗憾地要做某事”（多用于 regret to say / to tell / to inform），regret doing 表示“后悔做过某事”。考试最爱在此设陷阱。 考点三 非谓语动词作表语 1. 不定式作表语：说明主语所指的具体内容，可以带逻辑主语，有的情况下 to 可以省略。 My purpose is ⑫_________ (help) them. 我的目的是帮助他们。 All I did was (to) give him a little push. 我所做的只是轻轻推了他一下。 2. 动词 -ing 形式作表语：用来表示主语的⑬_________、状态、情感等，具有形容词的特征，可以用 very 修饰。 Your achievements are very inspiring. 你的成就很鼓舞人心。 常见词：exciting, interesting, disappointing, encouraging, puzzling, surprising, confusing, amusing, charming, astonishing, shocking, inviting 等。 3. 动词 -ed 形式作表语：多表示主语所处的⑭_________或所具备的特征，多位于系动词（be, remain, feel, seem, look, become 等）之后。 We were amazed at the beauty of the lake. She was disappointed at the news. 湖泊的美使我们感到惊奇。／她对这个消息感到失望。 常见词：amazed, delighted, disappointed, discouraged, amused, astonished, lost, crowded, tired, satisfied, pleased, surprised, worried, excited, married, puzzled, upset 等。 4. -ing 与 -ed 对比：与感觉有关的及物动词，其 -ing 形式表示主动意义，即“令人……的”，多用来修饰⑮_________；其 -ed 形式含有被动意义，即“人感到……的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。 -ing（令人……的） -ed（感到……的） -ing（令人……的） -ed（感到……的） exciting excited interesting interested surprising surprised moving moved encouraging encouraged tiring tired frightening frightened satisfying satisfied pleasing pleased puzzling puzzled shocking shocked worrying worried ⚠️概念辨析 动名词作表语 vs 动词 -ing 作表语 区别 动名词作表语 动词 -ing 作表语 含义 解释说明主语的内容 说明主语的性质、特征、状态 互换性 主语和表语可以互换 主语和表语不可以互换 例句 My hobby is playing chess.（= Playing chess is my hobby.） The argument is very convincing. ⚠️易混易错 -ed 作表语 vs 被动语态 -ed 形式作表语表示的是一种⑯_________或特征，而被动语态表示的是一个⑰_________，被动意味很强，后面常跟 by 短语。 This shop is now closed.（状态：这家商店现在已经关门了。） This shop is closed at 6 pm every day.（动作：这家商店每天下午 6 点关门。） 考点四 非谓语动词作补足语 1. 不定式作补足语：在 expect, forbid, force, order, permit, request, warn 等动词后，常接“名词/代词 + 不定式”结构。 We can always expect her ⑱_________ (help) us. He warned us ⑲_________ (be) careful. 我们总可以指望她来帮助我们。／他警告我们要小心。 2. 省 to 的不定式作补足语：在 see, hear, notice, watch, feel 等感官动词后，可接不带 to 的不定式作补足语，表示动作的⑳_________。 I saw him cross the street and enter a shop. 我看见他穿过了马路，然后进了一家店。 3. -ing 形式作补足语：感官动词后也可接 -ing 形式作补足语，表示动作㉑_________。 I saw him crossing the street. 我看见他正在过马路。 4. -ed 形式作补足语：常表示被动意义。 How would you like your hair cut? We must get our work ㉒_________ (finish) by 10 o'clock. 你想要什么样的发型？／我们必须在 10 点前把工作做完。 ⚠️概念辨析 感官动词后三种补足语 形式 含义 例句 see sb do（省 to） 动作的全过程 I saw him cross the street. see sb doing 动作正在进行 I saw him crossing the street. see sth done 被动意义 We must get our work finished by 10 o'clock. ⚠️避坑指南 感官动词后接不定式作补足语时必须省略 to；但变为被动语态时，to 要还原：He was seen to cross the street. 高考真题（限时：8分钟） 1.（2026浙江1月卷) I remember ____62____ (push) a supermarket trolley (手推车) over ____63____ uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. 2.（2025年北京卷） When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ____12____ (scare). 3.（2026浙江1月卷）There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave (微波炉) ____56____ (finish) heating, but my mum did it. 4.（2025年全国一卷）“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope ____58____ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 一、单句语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1. Lin said a friend got him ________ (involve) in dragon boat racing over a decade ago. In 2018, they decided to host their own festival. 2. ________ (read) aloud every morning is a good way to improve your pronunciation. 3. My mother suggested ________ (hold) a family dinner, and we all agreed that the idea was worth trying. 4. The novel was so ________ (move) that I could hardly hold back my tears while reading it. 5. We were all ________ (disappoint) at the result, which was far below our expectations. 6. He pretended ________ (read) when the teacher came in, though the page had not been turned for ten minutes. 7. Do you remember ________ (lock) the door before we left home, or shall I go back and check? 8. I'll never forget ________ (see) the old artist paint in the quiet studio, whose works I had admired for years. 9. The car needs ________ (repair); it has been making strange noises for days and could break down at any moment. 10. They were heard ________ (sing) a folk song in the next room last night when we passed by the door. 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（-ing / -ed 表语专练） 1. We felt quite ________ (encourage) after the coach praised our teamwork in front of the whole team. 2. The audience was ________ (astonish) at the young violinist's skill, which was far beyond his age. 3. Her ________ (inspire) speech left all of us determined to work harder than ever. 4. The results of the experiment were ________ (disappoint), so the team had to start all over again. 5. The ________ (exhaust) journey through the desert finally came to an end at sunset. 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、语法填空 （注意分析括号内动词是否需变成非谓语）（2026全国I卷） Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them ____56____ (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. The exact dates and ____57____(frequent) of daji vary from region to region. Daji originated from the ancient folk custom of trading goods, which dates back to ____58____Han Dynasty. As transportation and communication ____59____(be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily ____60____(necessity). As a solution, people gathered at specific locations on set days to trade their surplus (剩余的) items ____61____what they needed. In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. ____62____(draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. While eating and enjoying street performances, they chat with each other and share stories of their daily lives. Before ____64____(head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly ____65____(cheap) than those found in supermarkets. 二、单句翻译（汉译英，用指定结构） 1. 学好一门外语需要长期的坚持。（用 it 作形式主语） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 我建议避免在晚上喝浓咖啡。（用 suggest + doing 与 avoid doing） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 我永远不会忘记第一次亲眼见到长城时的激动。（用 never forget doing） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 我们听到她在隔壁房间里弹钢琴。（用 hear sb doing） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 我本想提醒他，但最后还是忘了。（用 mean to do / forget to do） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $