专题03 动词的时态（过去完成时、现在完成进行时和将来进行时、过去完成时和过去进行时的被动语态）（期中复习讲义）高二英语上学期译林版

专题03 动词时态语态 (过去完成时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时、过去完成时和过去进行时的被动语态) (期中复习讲义) 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 北京 过去完成时 【考向透视】 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对动词的时态和语态题目考查比较全面。在听力中对句子功用考查居多，推理判断。在阅读理解、七选五和完形填空中，熟练掌握动词的时态和语态是迅速读懂文章的基本保证。写作中读懂原文，熟练写出符合逻辑且结构正确的句子也是得得分的必备保障。考查最多的是与语法填空题中，大致分为三种题型，一是题干中提供时间状语，但是时间状语有干扰性和迷惑性。三是题干中不提供中任何时间状语，而是给出一个上下文情景或者一个结构较为复杂的句子中。我们需要掌握独特的时间状语标志和固定句型的时态。 【复习目标】 1. 复习动词的基本时态. 2. 复习动词的主动,被动语态. 3. 重点掌握动词时态和语态的形式. 4. 注意动词五种时态的核心考点. 2023 北京卷 过去完成时 主要时态及其被动态的形式 时态 相应的被动态 一般现在时do/does is/am/are done 一般过去时did was/were done 一般将来时will/shall do will/shall be done 过去将来时would do would be done 现在进行时is/am/are doing is/am/are being done 过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done 将来进行时 will be doing will be being done 现在完成时has/have done has/have been done 过去完成时had done had been done 将来完成时 will have done will have been done 现在完成进行时has/have been doing 无 过去完成进行时had been doing 无 动词时态的主要标志性时间状语 一般现在时 always, often, usually, sometimes,every day/night/year... 一般过去时 yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last year, three days ago, just now, in 2020, since引导的从句 一般将来时 tomrrow, next day/month/year, days/years/months ahead, in the future 现在进行时 now, at present, currently, at this moment 过去进行时 then, at that time 将来进行时 then, at that time, this time next month 现在完成时 in/over/during the last/past five weeks, up to now, till now, so far, lately, recently, since的主句部分谓语动词，by now 现在完成进行时 all day, the whold day, all morning 过去完成时 by+过去时间，by the time的主句部分 将来完成时 by+将来时间， by the time的主句部分 ( 动词时态 ( 过去完成时 , 现在完成进行时 , 将来进行时 ) ) 知识点01 过去完成时 用法归纳 例句 过去完成时常与before、by、when、after、since等引出的时间状语连用,也可以由表示过去的动作或上下文语境推断出用过去完成时。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当公交车最后来的时候，我已经在公交站等了20分钟了。 在宾语从句或间接引语中,通常用过去完成时表示在叙述时间之前发生的动作,即在told、said、knew、heard、thought、found等动词后的宾语从句中常用过去完成时。 She found she had left her case on the train. 她发现她把箱子落在火车上了。 He said that they had got two first places in the competition. 他说他们已在比赛中得了两个第一。 在表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、诺言等时,常用:had/hoped/planned/meant/intended/wanted/expected等。 We had hoped that you would be able to stay here. 我们原本希望你能留在这儿。 I had expected to visit him, but something unexpected happened. 我本期望去拜访他，但是意料之外的事情发生了。 在条件状语从句中,表示与过去事实相反的假设时,从句要用过去完成时。 If I had known the truth earlier, I would not have misunderstood him. 如果我早点直到实情，我不会误解他。 Hardly had sb.done...when...和No sooner had sb. done...than...意为“某人一做……就……”,主句用过去完成时。 No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. 我们一坐下,公共汽车就开动了。 Hardly had I come out of the railway station when my friend ran to me and helped me carry my luggage. 我一走出火车站,我的朋友就向我跑来帮我拿行李。 This/That/It was the first/second/...time that sb. had done sth. 意为“这/那是某人第一/二/……次做某事”。 It was the second time that I had ever visited your school. 这是我第二次参观你们的学校。 This/That/It was the +形容词最高级+名词+从句, 从句常用过去完成时。 This was the best advice that I had ever given to my friend. 这是我给我朋友最好的忠告。 It was+一段时间+ since...had done sth.当从句用延续性动词时,意为“自从……不做某事已经多长时间了”;当从句用非延续性动词时,意为“自从……做某事以来已经多长时间了”。 It was five years since we had been here. 我们离开这儿已经五年了。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们有10年没这么高兴过了。 【即时检测】 单句语法填空 1. There was no positive evidence that any birth defects had ________(arise) as a result of Vitamin A intake. 【答案】arisen 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：没有确凿的证据表明任何出生缺陷是由于摄入维生素A引起的。arise“引起，产生”为动词，此处为that引导的同位语从句的谓语，根据空前的had可知，从句为过去完成时，已有助动词had，需填过去分词arisen构成过去完成时。故填arisen。 2. Gregor Mendel ________(choose) to study pea plants. By the time he ________(die) in 1884, he ________(make) important discoveries about genetics. 【答案】chose; died; had made 【详解】考查时态。句意：Gregor Mendel 选择研究豌豆植物。到1884年去世时，他已经在遗传学方面有了重大发现。第一空为句子谓语动词，陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，动词choose用过去式chose；第二空为时间状语从句的谓语动词，陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，动词die用过去式died；第三空为主句谓语动词，“有重大发现”发生在“去世”之前，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时had made。故填chose；died；had made。 3. Although he didn’t admit that he ________(cheat) in the exam, his facial expression gave him away. 【答案】had cheated 【详解】考查时态。句意：虽然他不承认考试作弊，但他的面部表情泄露了他的秘密。由didn’t admit可知，cheat的动作发生在过去的过去，因此时态用过去完成时，故填had cheated。 4. It was the third time that he ________(travel) around the country on his own. 【答案】had travelled/had traveled 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这是他第三次独自环游全国。固定句型“It was the+序数词+time+that从句(过去完成时)”意为“这是第……次……”，根据前文It was，从句应使用过去完成时。故填had travelled/had traveled。 5. The news came as no surprise to me as I ________(know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down. 【答案】had known 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这个消息对我来说并不意外，因为我已经知道一段时间了,这家工厂要关闭。此处是从句的谓语动词，根据主句时态“came”以及“for some time”和语境可知，知道工厂要关闭这一动作发生在主句谓语动词“came”之前，即“过去的过去”，所以要用过去完成时，其结构是“had + 过去分词”，know的过去分词是known，故填had known。 6. It took me a long time before I had a chance to appreciate what they ________(do) for me. 【答案】had done 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：过了很长一段时间，我才有机会感激他们为我所做的一切。分析句子可知，设空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，“他们为我做的事”发生在“我有机会感激”之前，“had a chance”是过去的动作，所以“他们做的事”应用过去完成时，其结构为“had+过去分词”，“do”的过去分词是“done”。故填had done。 7. I had no difficulty finding Ann’s house because she ________(give) us clear directions before. 【答案】had given 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我毫不费力地找到了安的家，因为她以前给过我们明确的指示。此处是从句的谓语动词，根据主句时态“had”以及语境可知，“她给过我们明确的指示”这一动作发生在“我找到Ann的家(主句动作)”之前，即“过去的过去”，所以要用过去完成时，其结构是“had + 过去分词”，give的过去分词是given，故填had given。 8. Tom was shocked to realize that the two-month summer vacation ________(pass) before he knew it. 【答案】had passed 【详解】考查时态。句意：汤姆震惊地意识到，不知不觉中两个月的暑假已经过去了。本空为that引导的宾语从句的谓语，根据时间状语before he knew it和was shocked可知，此处表示在过去某一时间(汤姆震惊地意识到时)之前已经完成的动作(暑假已经过去)，即“过去的过去”，所以时态应用过去完成时；pass“(时间)流逝，过去”的过去分词是passed。故填had passed。 9. I was shocked when I learnt she ________(cook) once in all that time. 【答案】had cooked 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当我得知她在那段时间里只做过一次饭时，我很震惊。分析句子结构可知，此空在宾语从句中作谓语；she与cook为主动关系，learnt表明主句是一般过去时，宾语从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，其结构为“had + 过去分词”。故填had cooked。 10. I suddenly realized Kelly was the most beautiful and clever woman I ________(meet) in my life. 【答案】had met 【详解】考查时态。句意：我突然意识到凯莉是我这辈子遇到过的最美丽、最聪明的女人。结合前文可知，此处从句表示过去的过去用过去完成时。故填had met。 易｜错｜点｜拨 before和after引导时间状语从句时,由于before和after本身已表明了动作发生的先后顺序,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都可用一般过去时。如: Where did you study before you came here? 你来这里之前在哪里学习? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 他关上门后离开了教室。 知识点02 现在完成进行时 用法归纳 例句 现在完成进行时表示某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在并有可能继续进行下去,常与for 或since引出的时间状语连用。 People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. 自古希腊时代以来,人们就不断涌入体育场。  I have been waiting for an hour, but she hasn’t come yet. 我都等了一个小时了,但是她还没来。 现在完成进行时有时表示动作从过去到现在并不是在一直不停地进行,而是断断续续地重复,常与lately、recently、this week、this year等时间状语连用。 She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks. 两个星期以来,她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。 现在完成进行时有时带有浓厚的感情色彩, 表示“愿望或感慨”等。 You are here! I have been looking for you for a long time. 你在这里啊!我找了你很长时间。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1. This is the parcel which we have been ________(expect) from New York. 【答案】expecting 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这就是我们一直期待从纽约寄来的包裹。which引导定语从句，expect是从句谓语动词，与主语we是主动关系，根据句意和空前的have been可知，从句用现在完成进行时，故填expecting。 2. We ________(negotiable) with the manager for a short working week. 【答案】have been negotiating 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：我们一直在和经理协商缩短每周工作时间。此处缺少谓语动词，所给词negotiable为形容词，其动词形式为negotiate“协商”；根据时间状语“for a short working week”可知，“协商”这一动作可能从过去开始，持续到现在并仍在进行，应用现在完成进行时，主语为复数，助动词用have。 故填have been negotiating。 3. Scientists have been ________(contribution) to the fight against diseases for decades. 【答案】contributing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：几十年来，科学家们一直在为对抗疾病做出贡献。根据句意及“for decades”可知，此处表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去，使用现在完成进行时，由“have/has been+现在分词”构成，故填contributing。 4. It is clear that the number of undergraduates ________(increase) since 1999. 【答案】has increased/has been increasing 【详解】考查时态。句意：很明显，自1999年以来，本科生的数量一直在增加。根据句中的时间状语since 1999”知，句子描述的是从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去的动作，故可以使用现在完成时“have/has + 过去分词”或现在完成进行时“have/has been + 现在分词”，主语the number of undergraduates表示“本科生的数量”，是单数概念，助动词用has。故填has increased/has been increasing。 5. For forty years Jane Goodall ________(help) the rest of the world understand and respect the life of wild animals. 【答案】has been helping 【详解】考查时态。句意：四十年来，Jane Goodall一直在帮助世界其他地方了解和尊重野生动物的生活。根据时间状语“For forty years”可知，句子描述的是从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且有可能继续持续下去，所以应用现在完成进行时，其结构为“have/has been doing”，主语Jane Goodall是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，help的现在分词是helping。故填has been helping。 6. All these years they ________(contribute) articles to our magazine. 【答案】have been contributing 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这些年来，他们一直在为我们的杂志撰稿。分析句子结构可知，动词contribute“投稿”为本句的谓语动词，根据时间状语all these years“这些年来”可知，投稿的动作持续了很多年，且有可能继续延续下去，谓语动词使用现在完成进行时have been doing符合语境。故答案为have been contributing。 7. They ________(pray) to God that their long-lost son will soon reunite with them. 【答案】have been praying 【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：他们一直向神明祈祷，希望他们失散已久的儿子将早日与他们团聚。本句是含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句用了一般将来时，因此主句要用现在范畴的时态。本句语境暗含“他们一直在祈祷儿子回来”，可推断祈祷这个动作反复发生，而且还会持续下去。符合这种语境的时态是现在完成进行时，由“have/has been+V-ing”构成，主语they是复数代词，助动词用have，pray直接加-ing即可。故填have been praying。 8. I ________(work) in this school since I graduated from college. Now I am still working here. 【答案】have been working 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自从大学毕业后，我就一直在这所学校工作。现在我还在这里工作。由since和“Now I am still working here”可知，空格处用现在完成进行时表示从过去持续到现在，且仍然可能继续的事情，主语是I，因此空格处是have been working。故填have been working。 9. They ________(make) great efforts, but in vain now. 【答案】have been making 【详解】考查时态。句意：他们一直在付出巨大的努力，但现在是徒劳的。make great efforts“付出巨大的努力”。此处表示表过去开始而刚刚结束的动作，时态应用现在完成进行时，其结构为have/has been doing，主语They是复数，助动词用have。故填have been making。 10. Since the beginning of the new year, he ________(work) on the farm. 【答案】has been working 【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：自新年伊始，他一直在农场劳作。根据时间状语“Since the beginning of the new year (自新年开始)”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，且根据语境暗示“可能仍在继续”，需用现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)来强调动作的持续性和未完成性。主语为第三人称单数he，助动词用has。故填 has been working。 易｜错｜点｜拨 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别 1.现在完成时表示动作已经完成 ,强调动作的结果或影响。 2.现在完成进行时表示动作在迄今为止的一段时间内持续进行并有可能继续进行下去,强 调动作的持续性,表示动作断断续续地重复或表达某种感情色彩。 I have been thinking it over. 我一直在仔细考虑这件事。(延续性) I have thought it over. 我仔细考虑过这件事了。(影响或结果) I have been reading the book since last week. 自从上周以来,我一直在读这本书。(动作重复) I have read this book before. 我以前读过这本书。(动作已完成) Recently she has always been helping me. 最近她一直在帮助我。(表示赞许) Recently she has helped me a lot. 最近她帮了我很多。(陈述事实) 知识点03 将来进行时 用法归纳 例句 将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。常见的标志性的时间状语有this time tomorrow、at 10 o’clock next Monday等。 I will be discussing the situation with colleagues this time tomorrow. 明天这个时候我将正在和同事们讨论这种情况。 Don’t phone me between 5 and 6.We’ll be having dinner then. 五点至六点之间不要给我打电话,那时我们正在吃饭。 将来进行时表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。 I’ll be taking my holidays soon. 不久我将会休假。 Professor Wang will be giving a lecture on Chinese poetry tomorrow evening. 王教授明天晚上要做一个关于中国诗歌的讲座。 will be doing表示对说话时的情况进行推测,有“我料想,我估计”的含义。 Hurry up. They will be waiting. 快点,他们一定正等着呢。 Haven’t you written home yet? Your mother will be worrying about you. 还没给家里写信?你妈妈在为你担心。 将来进行时在一般疑问句中表示委婉地询问别人的打算或安排。 Will you be having some tea? 你要喝点茶吗? Will you be needing anything else? 你还需要其他东西吗? 【即时检测】 一、单句语法填空 1. They will be ________(extend) their hours when final exams begin. 【答案】extending 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：期末考试开始时，他们将延长营业时间。extend“延长”。根据when final exams begin和空前的空前will be可知，此处表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，时态用将来进行时，谓语用will be extending。故填extending。 2. Don’t call me at 2:00 tomorrow afternoon because I ________(occupation) myself with a scientific experiment then. 【答案】will be occupying 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：明天下午2点别给我打电话，因为那时我将正在专心做一项科学实验。空处作谓语，occupation的动词形式是occupy，根据时间状语“at 2 tomorrow afternoon”和“then”可知，此处使用将来进行时表示在将来某个特定时间点正在进行的动作。故填will be occupying。 3. Tomorrow at 8 p.m., I ________(attend) an online lecture on environmental science. 【答案】will be attending 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：明天晚上8点，我将参加一场关于环境科学的在线讲座。句中时间状语Tomorrow at 8 p.m.表示将来某个具体的时间点，强调在该时间点正在进行的动作，时态应用将来进行时will be doing。故填will be attending。 4. The company still claimed that most people ________(be) travelling in driverless cars one day soon. 【答案】would be 【详解】考查时态。句意：该公司仍宣称，未来不久，大多数人将会乘坐无人驾驶汽车出行。that引导宾语从句，设空处为从句谓语；根据主句谓语claimed以及从句中的时间状语one day soon可知，此处应用过去将来进行时。故此处填would be，与空后travelling共同构成过去将来进行时。故填would be。 5. Don’t call me between 13:00 and 14:00. I will be ________(take) a nap. 【答案】taking 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：不要在13:00到14:00之间给我打电话。我那时将正在午睡。根据时间状语between 13:00 and 14:00以及will be可知，此处表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时，其基本结构是“will be+动词的现在分词”，故空处应用take的现在分词taking。故填taking。 6. －We’d better take umbrellas. －I’m sure it ________(rain) when we arrive in London. It’s always wet there at this time of year. 【答案】will be raining 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——我们最好带上雨伞。——我确定当我们到达伦敦时，天会下雨。每年这个时候那里总是很潮湿。此处为宾语从句的谓语，由时间状语从句“when we arrive in London”可知，动作发生在将来某个时间点，结合“It’s always wet there at this time of year.”可知，此处强调届时正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时，其结构为“will be +现在分词”，rain的现在分词为raining。故填will be raining。 7. I ________(pick) up my boss at three this afternoon. 【答案】shall be picking/will be picking 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：今天下午三点我将去接我的老板。此处为谓语动词，由时间状语“at three this afternoon”(今天下午三点)可知，动作发生在将来某个具体时间点，应用将来进行时，其结构为“will/shall be + 现在分词”，主语为第一人称I，可用shall，pick的现在分词为picking。故填shall/will be picking。 8. I ________(see) Mr Zhang at 8 o’clock tomorrow at the office. 【答案】will be seeing 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：明天八点我将在办公室正会见张先生。根据时间状语“at 8 o’clock tomorrow”可知，此处表示将来某一时刻某一动作正在进行，时态应用将来进行时，空处应用will be doing的形式。故填will be seeing。 9. This time tomorrow, we ________(test) the new smart home system. 【答案】will be testing 【详解】考查时态。句意：明天的这个时候，我们将正在测试新的智能家居系统。根据时间状语This time tomorrow(明天的这个时候)可知，此处表示将来某个具体时间点正在进行的动作，因此应使用将来进行时，构成形式：will be + 动词现在分词。故填will be testing。    10. I ________(not sleep) at 10 p.m. tonight, so you can call me. 【答案】will not be sleeping 【详解】考查时态。句意：今晚10点我不会睡觉，你可以给我打电话。根据时间状语“at 10 p.m. tonight”可知，此处描述将来某个时间点正在发生的事情，应用将来进行时will be doing，此处为其否定形式，not位于助动词will之后。故填will not be sleeping。 ( 动词语态 ( 过去完成时和过去进行时的被动语态 ) ) 知识点01 过去完成时的被动语态 用法归纳 例句 用在found、told、said、heard、knew、thought、reminded等动词后的宾语从句中,表示从句中的动作已经被完成。 The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. 这个男孩被提醒他的家庭作业还没有交。 When she got home, she found that her keys had been left in her office. 当她到家时,她发现自己的钥匙落在办公室里了。 当before、when、by the time等引导的时间状语从句的时态是一般过去时,主句的被动动作发生在从句的动作之前时,主句用过去完成时的被动语态。 How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended? 飓风结束时有多少建筑物被毁? By the time the messenger reached him, the damage had been done. 送信人到达他那儿时,损失已经造成了。 当before、by后接表示过去的时间点或过去的某一事件,且句子的动作已经被完成时,句子常用过去完成时的被动语态。 By the end of last month, those houses had been built. 到上个月月底,那些房子已经建好了。 Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting? 这个新计划在会议前讨论过了吗? 用在条件状语从句中,表示对过去事实的虚拟,表示从句的动作已经被完成。 If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone with you. 如果我早一点被邀请,我就和你一起去了。 用在“This/That/It was the first/second/...time that...”句型中,表示that从句中的动作已经被完成。 It was the second time that his bike had been stolen. 这是他的自行车第二次被偷了。 知识点02 过去进行时的被动语态 过去进行时的被动语态的基本结构: was/were being done。 【即时检测】 一、单句语法填空 1. By the end of last year, 2,000 cars ________(produce) by the company. 【答案】had been produced 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：到去年年底，这家公司已经生产了2000辆汽车。时间状语“By the end of last year”表示“到去年年底”，是过去完成时的标志，谓语动词produce(生产)与主语cars之间是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been produced。 2. By the Warring States Period, Shu brocade ________(treasure) widely, becoming an important export product. 【答案】had been treasured 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到战国时期，蜀锦已被广泛珍视，成为重要的出口产品。根据时间状语By the Warring States Period可知，谓语动词用过去完成时，表示在过去某个时间以前就已经完成的动作；动词treasure和主语之间是被动关系，用被动语态。故填had been treasured。 3. Jack told me that the junk food ________(consumption) half an hour before. 【答案】had been consumed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：杰克告诉我半小时前那些垃圾食品已经被吃光了。句中told表明主句是一般过去时，consume这个动作发生在told之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时；且the junk food与consume是被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态had been +过去分词。 故填had been consumed。 4. The house ________(destroy) by the hurricane before they took measures. 【答案】had been destroyed 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：在他们采取措施之前，房子已被飓风摧毁。根据“before they took measures”可知，房子被摧毁发生在“采取措施”之前，即发生在过去的过去，且主语The house和destroy“破坏”之间是被动关系，所以此处用过去完成时的被动语态，谓语用had been destroyed。故填had been destroyed。 5. Looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat ________(pull) out to sea. 【答案】were being pulled 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他仔细望向大海，看见一艘划艇里的几个孩子正被卷向大海。宾语从句的主语“a couple of kids”与谓语动词“pull”之间是被动关系，即孩子被(海浪等)卷向大海；结合主句的“saw”可知，此处表示“看见(当时)正在发生的被动动作”，需用过去进行时的被动语态“was/were being + 过去分词”，主语“a couple of kids”为复数，be动词用were。故填were being pulled。 6. He said many activities ________(plan) for the celebration of the company’s 60th anniversary. 【答案】were being planned 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：他说，公司正在为庆祝成立60周年策划许多活动。空处需填宾语从句的谓语，根据空前said可知，主句是一般过去时，从句的动作在主句动作发生时正在发生，所以从句的谓语动词需用过去进行时态；因为活动是被策划，所以空处谓语动词需用过去进行时态的被动语态：was/were being done，主语是复数activities，所以be动词需用were。故填were being planned。 7. My parents ________(look after) in a care home in the community where they had always lived. 【答案】were being looked after 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：我的父母在他们一直居住的社区里的一家养老院里得到了照顾。my parents和look after是被动关系，需用被动语态；结合后文的“where they had always lived”可知，此处表示过去某一段时间正在进行的动作，使用过去进行时，主语为复数名词，be动词用were。故填were being looked after。 8. At that moment, she realized that she ________(follow) by a stranger, so she quickened her pace. 【答案】was being followed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：就在那时，她意识到自己正被一个陌生人跟踪，于是加快了脚步。此处为宾语从句的谓语动词，根据主句的谓语动词realized以及从句中的时间状语at that moment可知，从句应使用过去进行时，表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，主语she与动词follow之间是被动关系，因此用过去进行时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were being + 过去分词”，主语she是第三人称单数，助动词用was。故填was being followed。 9. My house ________(decorate) when you visited Beijing last time, so I didn’t invite you to my home. 【答案】was being decorated 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：你上次来北京时，我的房子正在装修，所以我没邀请你到家里来。“when you visited Beijing last time”表明主句动作在过去某时正在进行，需用过去进行时。主语“My house”与谓语“decorate”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。主语是单数，故助动词用was。故填was being decorated。 10. —Mike, did you see Mr Chapman in the office just now? —Yes, he ________(interview), and he looked a little bit nervous. 【答案】was being interviewed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：——迈克，你刚才在办公室看到查普曼先生了吗?——是的，他正在接受采访，他看起来有点紧张。根据“he looked a little bit nervous”可知，他是被采访，应用被动语态；结合语境和“did you see Mr Chapman in the office just now”可知，此处指看到查普曼先生的那一刻他正在被采访，故应用过去进行时的被动语态：was/were being done，主语he是单数，助动词用was。故填was being interviewed。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.某些及物动词和动词短语无被动语态： have有；cost花费；lack 缺少；suit 适合；belong to 属于；suffer from 遭受；date from/back to 追溯到；consist of 由……组成；take part in参加。 I bought a book from Xinhua bookshop，which cost 15 yuan. 我从新华书店买了一本书，花了15元。 2.不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；run out用完。 An accident happened on the road last night and five people were killed. 昨晚这条路上发生了一起意外事故，五个人遇难。 3. “get＋过去分词”也可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。 The patient got treated once a week. 那位病人一周接受一次治疗。 4. 主动形式表示被动意义的结构 (1)表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, cook, draw等，常与well, easily, smoothly等副词连用，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。 (2)系动词如smell, taste, feel, look, sound, prove等后接形容词作表语。 (3)open, close, lock, move, keep等动词常与won’t, can’t, wouldn’t连用。 (4)在need, want, require, deserve, bear等动词或worth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 (5)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。常见的形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。 (6)be to blame也属于主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 这个错误应该归咎于谁？ 基础通关(测试时间：10分钟) 一、单项选择 1. Sorry, I can’t go to your birthday party on Friday night, because I ________ an important meeting at that time. A. attend B. would attend C. will be attending D. have attended 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。 句意：抱歉，周五晚上我不能去参加你的生日派对了，因为那时我将正在参加一个重要会议。 根据 “on Friday night”(周五晚上)和 “at that time”(在那时)可知，这里指周五晚上那个时间“我”正在进行的动作，所以要用将来进行时。故选C。 2. Seeing John rush into the room with tears in his eyes, I asked him________. A. what is happened B. what happening C. what will happen D. what had happened 【答案】D 【详解】考查宾语从句的时态。句意：看到约翰眼里含着泪冲进房间，我问他发生了什么事。空格处为宾语从句，作asked的宾语，主句的谓语动词asked是一般过去时，宾语从句的动作“发生”是在“询问”之前已经完成的动作，需用过去完成时，谓语动词为“had+过去分词”，来体现动作的先后关系，因此“what had happened”符合语境和时态要求。故选D项。 3. — Have you found the missing couple in the mountain? — No, but we ________ hard to get in touch with them. A. have tried B. have been trying C. had tried D. had been trying 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——你们找到在山里失踪的那对夫妇了吗？——没有，但我们一直在努力和他们取得联系。try“努力”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并将继续持续下去，句子时态应用现在完成进行时，又因主语是we，所以助动词用have，谓语用have been trying。故选B。 4. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? —Avatar. We ________ here for more than two hours. A. waited B. would wait C. were waiting D. have been waiting 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——对不起，你在等哪部电影？——《阿凡达》。我们已经在这里等了两个多小时了。根据句子语境，“for more than two hours”表示持续的时间段，且等待的动作从过去开始一直延续到现在(说话时可能仍在等待)，符合现在完成进行时的用法。现在完成进行时的结构为“have/has been + 现在分词”。故选D项。 5. Having earned widespread acclaim, the Nezha 2 crew ________ themselves to crafting another hit animation for years to come. A. have been dedicating B. will be dedicating C. had dedicated D. are dedicating 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：在获得广泛赞誉后，《哪吒2》的剧组人员将在未来几年致力于打造另一部热门动画。根据时间状语for years to come可知，本句为将来进行时。故选B项。 6. When Jim finally got to the cinema last night after dealing with the unexpected traffic accident on the way, the film ________ already ________. A. has; started B. had; started C. was; starting D. would; start 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：昨晚吉姆在处理了路上意外的交通事故后最终到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。“吉姆到达电影院”是过去的动作，根据语境和“already”可知，而“电影开始”发生在“吉姆到达电影院”之前，即“过去的过去”，所以应该用过去完成时态had started。故选B项。 7. As the museum ________ when we got there, we were very disappointed and had to turn back. A. was decorating B. had been decorated C. was being decorated D. had decorated 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：当我们到达时，博物馆正在装修，我们非常失望，只能返回。根据下文“we were very disappointed and had to turn back.”可知，强调过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，主语与谓语为被动关系。故选C项。 8. She hurriedly ran home, never once looking back to see whether she as well as her brothers ________. A. was following B. were following C. were being followed D. was being followed 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：她匆匆跑回家，一次都没有回头看看她和她的兄弟们是否被跟踪。空处为从句的谓语动词。根据句子“She hurriedly ran home”的语境可知，这里是说她在跑回家的过程中担心自己和兄弟们是否正被人跟踪，所以要用过去进行时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were being + 过去分词”。as well as 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面的主语保持一致，本句中前面的主语是 she，是第三人称单数，所以be动词要用was。故选D。 9. By the time the rescue team arrived at the earthquake site, over 50 survivors ________ from the rubble. A. have been pulled B. were pulled C. had been pulled D. would be pulled 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：等到救援队伍抵达地震现场时，已有超过50名幸存者从废墟中被救出。主语over 50 survivors与谓语动词pull构成被动关系，根据上文By the time the rescue team arrived at the earthquake site可知为过去完成时的被动语态，故选C。 10. Students were expected to memorize information and then feed back the information that ________ to them. A. had presented B. had been presented C. presented D. having been presented 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：学生们被要求记住信息，然后反馈所呈现给他们的信息。that ________ to them是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 information。present这个动作发生在过去动作were expected to之前，表示过去的过去，所以用过去完成时；present与 information之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选B。 重难突破(测试时间：10分钟) 句型转换 1. The teacher asked me, “Who broke the window?”(改为间接引语) The teacher asked me who________ ________ the window. 【答案】had broken 【详解】考查间接引语和时态。句意：老师问我是谁打破了窗户。直接引语变间接引语时，若主句是一般过去时，从句的时态要相应往前推。原句中broke是一般过去时且主句主语asked为一般过去时，间接引语要变为过去完成时had broken。故填①had②broken。 2. Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat. He looks a little tired after playing table tennis for two hours. (用现在完成进行时改写) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat. He has been playing table tennis for two hours, so he looks a little tired. 【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：蒂米拿着一根乒乓球拍，他的短发被汗水浸湿了。打了两个小时的乒乓球后，他看起来有点累。后一句改为现在完成进行时，为：他已经打了两个小时的乒乓球了，所以他看起来有点累。现在完成进行时结构为have been doing，打乒乓球play table tennis，句子可以改写为He has been playing table tennis for two hours, so he looks a little tired. 故答案为Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat. He has been playing table tennis for two hours, so he looks a little tired. 3. She will be arriving at about 8:30 tomorrow morning. (句型转换) →________________________________________________________________ (改为否定句) →________________________________________________________________ (改为一般疑问句) 【答案】She will not be arriving at about 8:30 tomorrow morning.; Will she be arriving at about 8:30 tomorrow morning? 【详解】考查将来进行时基本句型。句意：她将在明天早上8点半左右到达。该句为将来进行时的肯定句，谓语部分为will be doing，其否定句为will not be doing，一般疑问句将will提前到句首，句首单词首字母大写。故填①She will not be arriving at about 8:30 tomorrow morning.；②Will she be arriving at about 8:30 tomorrow morning?。 4. The suburban football club was under reconstruction. (句型转换) →The suburban football club ________________________________. 【答案】was being reconstructed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：郊区的足球俱乐部正在重建。短语be under reconstruction表示“正在重建”，此处替换为动词reconstruct，与主语The suburban football club构成被动关系，表示过去正在发生，应用过去进行时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was being reconstructed。 5. They were making the new tool at that time. (句型转换) →The new tool ________________ at that time. 【答案】was being made 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：当时正在制造这种新工具。根据句意以及原句结构可知，该句可转化为过去进行时的被动语态结构，主语The new tool和make之间为被动关系，用被动语态，结合时态为过去进行时。故答案是：was being made。 6. She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. →We ________________________________ and we were able to find it easily. (句型转换) 【答案】had been given clear directions by her 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：她给我们指明了方向，我们很容易就找到了。需将主动句“she had given us”转换为被动句形式，间接宾语us已经转为主语we；结合时态为过去完成时，被动形式为had been done，即had been given；再将直接宾语clear directions保留，后跟by短语by her引出动作的发出者。故答案为had been given clear directions by her。 7. The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. →The suggestion ________________________________ to the committee was adopted. (句型转换) 【答案】which had been sent/that had been sent 【详解】考查定语从句的转换。句意：送交委员会的建议被采纳了。原句中的“sent to the committee”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词suggestion。要将其改为定语从句，关系词替代先行词且在从句中作主语，可以用that/which引导，sent这个动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，用过去完成时的被动语态，即had been sent。故填which/that had been sent。 8. Toby and I haven’t flown to Morocco. → —Hi, Colin. Why do you look so excited? —Well, my brother Toby together with me ________________ to Morocco at 4:00 tomorrow afternoon. (用正确的时态改写句子) 【答案】will be flying 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——你好，科林。你怎么看起来这么兴奋？——嗯，我和我哥哥托比明天下午4点将飞往摩洛哥。动词fly意为“飞”。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语at 4:00 tomorrow afternoon，可知描述将来某个时间正在发生的动作，句子的时态应为将来进行时，构成为：will be+动词ing。故填will be flying。 9. “ How many books have you bought?” Lisa said to Tom. (改为间接引语) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Lisa asked Tom how many books he had bought. 【详解】考查直接引语变成间接引语。句意：“你买了多少本书？”丽莎对汤姆说。said to Tom变成asked Tom，直接引语变成陈述性语气，现在完成时变成过去完成时。故填Lisa asked Tom how many books he had bought. 10. Steve started to play rugby at the age of eight. Now he has become a professional player. (用现在完成进行时改写) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Steve has been playing rugby since the age of eight. Now he has become a professional player. 【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：史蒂夫八岁时开始打橄榄球。现在他已成为一名职业球员。根据题目要求可知，用have been doing结构来改成现在完成进行时，因为主语Steve是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，且将原句中的play改为playing，将at改为现在完成时的标志词since，其余不变。故答案为Steve has been playing rugby since the age of eight. Now he has become a professional player. 易混易错(测试时间：10分钟) 单句语法填空 1. I ________(hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. 【答案】had hoped 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我本希望送一份礼物给彼得，祝贺他结婚，但我做不到。根据“but I couldn’t manage it”可知，该希望没有实现，应用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的希望，had hoped to do意为“本希望做而没有做”。故填had hoped。 2. In deep sorrow, he said that he ________(mean) to visit his parents more frequently, but he was always busy with his work. 【答案】had meant 【详解】had meant 考查谓语动词的时态及语态。had meant to do ，为固定用法，“本来打算做某事而没做”。分析句意可知，他伤心地说他本来打算经常去看望父母，但他总是忙于工作。因此要用had meant。 3. He ________(long) to attend college since he was a little boy. Now his dream has come true. 【答案】has been longing 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：自从他还是个小男孩的时候，他就渴望上大学。现在他的梦想实现了。根据句意以及时间状语从句since he was a little boy可知，此处为现在完成进行时，表示从过去一直持续到现在，刚刚结束的动作，主语为第三人称单数，所以主句谓语动词为has been longing。故填has been longing。 4. I ________ (wait) for you in the rain for twenty minutes in a row, which makes me upset. 【答案】have been waiting 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我一直在雨中等你连续二十分钟了，这让我很不高兴。wait(等)是主句谓语，根据时间状语“for twenty minutes in a row”可知，描述从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，同时强调等的时间很长，让人不高兴，应用现在完成进行时态，主语为I，助动词用have。故填have been waiting。 5. In the not-too-distant future, we ________(live) in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away. 【答案】will be living 【详解】考查时态。句意：在不远的将来，我们将生活在智能家居中，当我们离开时，它会为我们锁门。此处在句中作谓语，句子描述将来某一时间将要发生的事，是对未来的预测，应用将来进行时，故填will be living。 6. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They ________(move) on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. 【答案】will be moving 【详解】考查时态。句意：工程师们正在研究一个新概念：未来的铁路无人机。它们将在火车前方的轨道上运行，并被编程为自主运行。分析句子结构可知，此处缺谓语动词，且描述的是未来的情况，强调动作的持续性，应用将来进行时will be+现在分词，故填will be moving。 7. My house ________(decorate) when you visited Beijing last time, so I didn’t invite you to my home. 【答案】was being decorated 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：你上次来北京时，我的房子正在装修，所以我没邀请你到家里来。“when you visited Beijing last time”表明主句动作在过去某时正在进行，需用过去进行时。主语“My house”与谓语“decorate”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。主语是单数，故助动词用was。故填was being decorated。 8. The dust ________(blow) into the air by a strong wind, making it hard for the athletes to see clearly. 【答案】was being blown 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：一阵强风把尘土吹得满天飞，让运动员们很难看清楚。空白处应填谓语动词，要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。时态上，结合句意，此处应理解为“尘土正被风吹起来”，使用过去进行时。语态上，dust(尘土)与blow(吹)为被动关系。主谓一致上，dust为单数。故填was being blown。 9. Thousands of years ago, many literature works ________(transmit) by storytelling for many years before they were written down. 【答案】had been transmitted 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：数千年前，许多文学作品在被记录下来之前，早已通过讲故事的方式流传了很长时间。设空处在句中作谓语，且与其主语many literature works之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；此处指在被写下之前，很多文学作品通过讲故事的形式传播。“写”的动作发生在过去，因此此处表示过去的过去，故此处应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been transmitted。 10. Because this experiment ________(attempt) before, we were able to use some of the work those researchers did to help us with our experiment. 【答案】had been attempted 【详解】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：因为这个实验以前有人做过，我们能够利用那些研究人员所做的一些工作来帮助我们进行实验。根据句中的before以及主句“we were able to use”可知，attempt这一动作发生在“were able to use”之前，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时；且experiment与attempt之间存在被动关系，所以此处应用过去完成时的被动语态，其结构为“had been + 过去分词”。故填had been attempted。 链接高考(测试时间：15分钟) 1.(2025年高考英语北京卷)By the time you brushed your teeth, you ________(make) several decisions even without noticing. 【答案】had made。 【解析】考查时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had made。故填had made。 2.(2023年高考英语北京卷)I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest ________(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 【答案】had arrived。 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turned up之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。 3.(2023年高考英语北京卷)Up to now, China ________(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【答案】has established。 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 4.(2025年全国高考英语I卷)A decent winner always ________(try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. 【答案】tries 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 5.(2025年全国高考英语II卷)The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ________(be) one of them. 【答案】is 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 6.(2025年高考英语浙江1月卷)The concept ________(be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. 【答案】is 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来，男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说，它才刚刚兴起。系动词be作谓语，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The concept是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。 7.(2025年高考英语北京卷)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ________(leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, which accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】left 【解析】考查时态。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last year”可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。 8.(2024 ·全国新课标I卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 【答案】walks 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 9.(2024 ·全国甲卷)They ________(be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 10.(2024年高考英语北京卷)When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ________(give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 【答案】gives 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我们放慢脚步时，我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪，这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域，并给我们做出正确选择的机会。which引导的非限制性定语从句中，根据helps可知，从句使用一般现在时，which指代前边的整个句子，所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives，gives与helps并列，作并列谓语。故填gives。 11.(2023 ·全国高考英语 Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I ________(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【答案】wished 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在我还是一个小女孩时，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。根据从句中的时态来判断，这里也应该用过去时。故填wished。 12.(2023 ·全国高考英语乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ________(mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【答案】means 【解析】考查动词时态。句子主语是The remarkable development，单数名词，另外句中时态是一般现在时。故填means。 13.(2023年高考英语北京卷)Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ________(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 【答案】threw 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。 14.(2022 ·全国高考英语I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas ... 【答案】were 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。 15.(2022 ·全国高考英语II卷)Henry ________(fix) his car when he heard the screams. 【答案】was fixing 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：Henry正在修车，这时他听到惊叫声。这是一个“sb. be doing sth. when...”句型,表示“某人正在做某事，这时(突然……)”。讲述过去的动作用过去进行时,主语Henry是第三人称单数，所以系动词用was。故用was fixing。 5 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 动词时态语态 (过去完成时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时、过去完成时和过去进行时的被动语态) (期中复习讲义) 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 北京 过去完成时 【考向透视】 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对动词的时态和语态题目考查比较全面。在听力中对句子功用考查居多，推理判断。在阅读理解、七选五和完形填空中，熟练掌握动词的时态和语态是迅速读懂文章的基本保证。写作中读懂原文，熟练写出符合逻辑且结构正确的句子也是得得分的必备保障。考查最多的是与语法填空题中，大致分为三种题型，一是题干中提供时间状语，但是时间状语有干扰性和迷惑性。三是题干中不提供中任何时间状语，而是给出一个上下文情景或者一个结构较为复杂的句子中。我们需要掌握独特的时间状语标志和固定句型的时态。 【复习目标】 1. 复习动词的基本时态. 2. 复习动词的主动,被动语态. 3. 重点掌握动词时态和语态的形式. 4. 注意动词五种时态的核心考点. 2023 北京卷 过去完成时 主要时态及其被动态的形式 时态 相应的被动态 一般现在时do/does is/am/are done 一般过去时did was/were done 一般将来时will/shall do will/shall be done 过去将来时would do would be done 现在进行时is/am/are doing is/am/are being done 过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done 将来进行时 will be doing will be being done 现在完成时has/have done has/have been done 过去完成时had done had been done 将来完成时 will have done will have been done 现在完成进行时has/have been doing 无 过去完成进行时had been doing 无 动词时态的主要标志性时间状语 一般现在时 always, often, usually, sometimes,every day/night/year... 一般过去时 yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last year, three days ago, just now, in 2020, since引导的从句 一般将来时 tomrrow, next day/month/year, days/years/months ahead, in the future 现在进行时 now, at present, currently, at this moment 过去进行时 then, at that time 将来进行时 then, at that time, this time next month 现在完成时 in/over/during the last/past five weeks, up to now, till now, so far, lately, recently, since的主句部分谓语动词，by now 现在完成进行时 all day, the whold day, all morning 过去完成时 by+过去时间，by the time的主句部分 将来完成时 by+将来时间， by the time的主句部分 ( 动词时态 ( 过去完成时 , 现在完成进行时 , 将来进行时 ) ) 知识点01 过去完成时 用法归纳 例句 过去完成时常与before、by、when、after、since等引出的时间状语连用,也可以由表示过去的动作或上下文语境推断出用过去完成时。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当公交车最后来的时候，我已经在公交站等了20分钟了。 在宾语从句或间接引语中,通常用过去完成时表示在叙述时间之前发生的动作,即在told、said、knew、heard、thought、found等动词后的宾语从句中常用过去完成时。 She found she had left her case on the train. 她发现她把箱子落在火车上了。 He said that they had got two first places in the competition. 他说他们已在比赛中得了两个第一。 在表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、诺言等时,常用:had/hoped/planned/meant/intended/wanted/expected等。 We had hoped that you would be able to stay here. 我们原本希望你能留在这儿。 I had expected to visit him, but something unexpected happened. 我本期望去拜访他，但是意料之外的事情发生了。 在条件状语从句中,表示与过去事实相反的假设时,从句要用过去完成时。 If I had known the truth earlier, I would not have misunderstood him. 如果我早点直到实情，我不会误解他。 Hardly had sb.done...when...和No sooner had sb. done...than...意为“某人一做……就……”,主句用过去完成时。 No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. 我们一坐下,公共汽车就开动了。 Hardly had I come out of the railway station when my friend ran to me and helped me carry my luggage. 我一走出火车站,我的朋友就向我跑来帮我拿行李。 This/That/It was the first/second/...time that sb. had done sth. 意为“这/那是某人第一/二/……次做某事”。 It was the second time that I had ever visited your school. 这是我第二次参观你们的学校。 This/That/It was the +形容词最高级+名词+从句, 从句常用过去完成时。 This was the best advice that I had ever given to my friend. 这是我给我朋友最好的忠告。 It was+一段时间+ since...had done sth.当从句用延续性动词时,意为“自从……不做某事已经多长时间了”;当从句用非延续性动词时,意为“自从……做某事以来已经多长时间了”。 It was five years since we had been here. 我们离开这儿已经五年了。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们有10年没这么高兴过了。 【即时检测】 单句语法填空 1. There was no positive evidence that any birth defects had ________(arise) as a result of Vitamin A intake. 2. Gregor Mendel ________(choose) to study pea plants. By the time he ________(die) in 1884, he ________(make) important discoveries about genetics. 3. Although he didn’t admit that he ________(cheat) in the exam, his facial expression gave him away. 4. It was the third time that he ________(travel) around the country on his own. 5. The news came as no surprise to me as I ________(know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down. 6. It took me a long time before I had a chance to appreciate what they ________(do) for me. 7. I had no difficulty finding Ann’s house because she ________(give) us clear directions before. 8. Tom was shocked to realize that the two-month summer vacation ________(pass) before he knew it. 9. I was shocked when I learnt she ________(cook) once in all that time. 10. I suddenly realized Kelly was the most beautiful and clever woman I ________(meet) in my life. 易｜错｜点｜拨 before和after引导时间状语从句时,由于before和after本身已表明了动作发生的先后顺序,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都可用一般过去时。如: Where did you study before you came here? 你来这里之前在哪里学习? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 他关上门后离开了教室。 知识点02 现在完成进行时 用法归纳 例句 现在完成进行时表示某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在并有可能继续进行下去,常与for 或since引出的时间状语连用。 People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. 自古希腊时代以来,人们就不断涌入体育场。  I have been waiting for an hour, but she hasn’t come yet. 我都等了一个小时了,但是她还没来。 现在完成进行时有时表示动作从过去到现在并不是在一直不停地进行,而是断断续续地重复,常与lately、recently、this week、this year等时间状语连用。 She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks. 两个星期以来,她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。 现在完成进行时有时带有浓厚的感情色彩, 表示“愿望或感慨”等。 You are here! I have been looking for you for a long time. 你在这里啊!我找了你很长时间。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1. This is the parcel which we have been ________(expect) from New York. 2. We ________(negotiable) with the manager for a short working week. 3. Scientists have been ________(contribution) to the fight against diseases for decades. 4. It is clear that the number of undergraduates ________(increase) since 1999. 5. For forty years Jane Goodall ________(help) the rest of the world understand and respect the life of wild animals. 6. All these years they ________(contribute) articles to our magazine. 7. They ________(pray) to God that their long-lost son will soon reunite with them. 8. I ________(work) in this school since I graduated from college. Now I am still working here. 9. They ________(make) great efforts, but in vain now. 10. Since the beginning of the new year, he ________(work) on the farm. 易｜错｜点｜拨 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别 1.现在完成时表示动作已经完成 ,强调动作的结果或影响。 2.现在完成进行时表示动作在迄今为止的一段时间内持续进行并有可能继续进行下去,强 调动作的持续性,表示动作断断续续地重复或表达某种感情色彩。 I have been thinking it over. 我一直在仔细考虑这件事。(延续性) I have thought it over. 我仔细考虑过这件事了。(影响或结果) I have been reading the book since last week. 自从上周以来,我一直在读这本书。(动作重复) I have read this book before. 我以前读过这本书。(动作已完成) Recently she has always been helping me. 最近她一直在帮助我。(表示赞许) Recently she has helped me a lot. 最近她帮了我很多。(陈述事实) 知识点03 将来进行时 用法归纳 例句 将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。常见的标志性的时间状语有this time tomorrow、at 10 o’clock next Monday等。 I will be discussing the situation with colleagues this time tomorrow. 明天这个时候我将正在和同事们讨论这种情况。 Don’t phone me between 5 and 6.We’ll be having dinner then. 五点至六点之间不要给我打电话,那时我们正在吃饭。 将来进行时表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。 I’ll be taking my holidays soon. 不久我将会休假。 Professor Wang will be giving a lecture on Chinese poetry tomorrow evening. 王教授明天晚上要做一个关于中国诗歌的讲座。 will be doing表示对说话时的情况进行推测,有“我料想,我估计”的含义。 Hurry up. They will be waiting. 快点,他们一定正等着呢。 Haven’t you written home yet? Your mother will be worrying about you. 还没给家里写信?你妈妈在为你担心。 将来进行时在一般疑问句中表示委婉地询问别人的打算或安排。 Will you be having some tea? 你要喝点茶吗? Will you be needing anything else? 你还需要其他东西吗? 【即时检测】 一、单句语法填空 1. They will be ________(extend) their hours when final exams begin. 2. Don’t call me at 2:00 tomorrow afternoon because I ________(occupation) myself with a scientific experiment then. 3. Tomorrow at 8 p.m., I ________(attend) an online lecture on environmental science. 4. The company still claimed that most people ________(be) travelling in driverless cars one day soon. 5. Don’t call me between 13:00 and 14:00. I will be ________(take) a nap. 6. －We’d better take umbrellas. －I’m sure it ________(rain) when we arrive in London. It’s always wet there at this time of year. 7. I ________(pick) up my boss at three this afternoon. 8. I ________(see) Mr Zhang at 8 o’clock tomorrow at the office. 9. This time tomorrow, we ________(test) the new smart home system. 10. I ________(not sleep) at 10 p.m. tonight, so you can call me. ( 动词语态 ( 过去完成时和过去进行时的被动语态 ) ) 知识点01 过去完成时的被动语态 用法归纳 例句 用在found、told、said、heard、knew、thought、reminded等动词后的宾语从句中,表示从句中的动作已经被完成。 The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. 这个男孩被提醒他的家庭作业还没有交。 When she got home, she found that her keys had been left in her office. 当她到家时,她发现自己的钥匙落在办公室里了。 当before、when、by the time等引导的时间状语从句的时态是一般过去时,主句的被动动作发生在从句的动作之前时,主句用过去完成时的被动语态。 How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended? 飓风结束时有多少建筑物被毁? By the time the messenger reached him, the damage had been done. 送信人到达他那儿时,损失已经造成了。 当before、by后接表示过去的时间点或过去的某一事件,且句子的动作已经被完成时,句子常用过去完成时的被动语态。 By the end of last month, those houses had been built. 到上个月月底,那些房子已经建好了。 Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting? 这个新计划在会议前讨论过了吗? 用在条件状语从句中,表示对过去事实的虚拟,表示从句的动作已经被完成。 If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone with you. 如果我早一点被邀请,我就和你一起去了。 用在“This/That/It was the first/second/...time that...”句型中,表示that从句中的动作已经被完成。 It was the second time that his bike had been stolen. 这是他的自行车第二次被偷了。 知识点02 过去进行时的被动语态 过去进行时的被动语态的基本结构: was/were being done。 【即时检测】 一、单句语法填空 1. By the end of last year, 2,000 cars ________(produce) by the company. 2. By the Warring States Period, Shu brocade ________(treasure) widely, becoming an important export product. 3. Jack told me that the junk food ________(consumption) half an hour before. 4. The house ________(destroy) by the hurricane before they took measures. 5. Looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat ________(pull) out to sea. 6. He said many activities ________(plan) for the celebration of the company’s 60th anniversary. 7. My parents ________(look after) in a care home in the community where they had always lived. 8. At that moment, she realized that she ________(follow) by a stranger, so she quickened her pace. 9. My house ________(decorate) when you visited Beijing last time, so I didn’t invite you to my home. 10. —Mike, did you see Mr Chapman in the office just now? —Yes, he ________(interview), and he looked a little bit nervous. 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.某些及物动词和动词短语无被动语态： have有；cost花费；lack 缺少；suit 适合；belong to 属于；suffer from 遭受；date from/back to 追溯到；consist of 由……组成；take part in参加。 I bought a book from Xinhua bookshop，which cost 15 yuan. 我从新华书店买了一本书，花了15元。 2.不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；run out用完。 An accident happened on the road last night and five people were killed. 昨晚这条路上发生了一起意外事故，五个人遇难。 3. “get＋过去分词”也可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。 The patient got treated once a week. 那位病人一周接受一次治疗。 4. 主动形式表示被动意义的结构 (1)表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, cook, draw等，常与well, easily, smoothly等副词连用，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。 (2)系动词如smell, taste, feel, look, sound, prove等后接形容词作表语。 (3)open, close, lock, move, keep等动词常与won’t, can’t, wouldn’t连用。 (4)在need, want, require, deserve, bear等动词或worth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 (5)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。常见的形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。 (6)be to blame也属于主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 这个错误应该归咎于谁？ 基础通关(测试时间：10分钟) 一、单项选择 1. Sorry, I can’t go to your birthday party on Friday night, because I ________ an important meeting at that time. A. attend B. would attend C. will be attending D. have attended 2. Seeing John rush into the room with tears in his eyes, I asked him________. A. what is happened B. what happening C. what will happen D. what had happened 3. — Have you found the missing couple in the mountain? — No, but we ________ hard to get in touch with them. A. have tried B. have been trying C. had tried D. had been trying 4. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? —Avatar. We ________ here for more than two hours. A. waited B. would wait C. were waiting D. have been waiting 5. Having earned widespread acclaim, the Nezha 2 crew ________ themselves to crafting another hit animation for years to come. A. have been dedicating B. will be dedicating C. had dedicated D. are dedicating 6. When Jim finally got to the cinema last night after dealing with the unexpected traffic accident on the way, the film ________ already ________. A. has; started B. had; started C. was; starting D. would; start 7. As the museum ________ when we got there, we were very disappointed and had to turn back. A. was decorating B. had been decorated C. was being decorated D. had decorated 8. She hurriedly ran home, never once looking back to see whether she as well as her brothers ________. A. was following B. were following C. were being followed D. was being followed 9. By the time the rescue team arrived at the earthquake site, over 50 survivors ________ from the rubble. A. have been pulled B. were pulled C. had been pulled D. would be pulled 10. Students were expected to memorize information and then feed back the information that ________ to them. A. had presented B. had been presented C. presented D. having been presented 重难突破(测试时间：10分钟) 句型转换 1. The teacher asked me, “Who broke the window?”(改为间接引语) The teacher asked me who________ ________ the window. 2. Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat. He looks a little tired after playing table tennis for two hours. (用现在完成进行时改写) ________________________________________________________________ 3. She will be arriving at about 8:30 tomorrow morning. (句型转换) →________________________________________________________________ (改为否定句) →________________________________________________________________ (改为一般疑问句) 4. The suburban football club was under reconstruction. (句型转换) →The suburban football club ________________________________. 5. They were making the new tool at that time. (句型转换) →The new tool ________________ at that time. 6. She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. →We ________________________________ and we were able to find it easily. (句型转换) 7. The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. →The suggestion ________________________________ to the committee was adopted. (句型转换) 8. Toby and I haven’t flown to Morocco. → —Hi, Colin. Why do you look so excited? —Well, my brother Toby together with me ________________ to Morocco at 4:00 tomorrow afternoon. (用正确的时态改写句子) 9. “ How many books have you bought?” Lisa said to Tom. (改为间接引语) ________________________________________________________________ 10. Steve started to play rugby at the age of eight. Now he has become a professional player. (用现在完成进行时改写) ________________________________________________________________ 易混易错(测试时间：10分钟) 单句语法填空 1. I ________(hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. 2. In deep sorrow, he said that he ________(mean) to visit his parents more frequently, but he was always busy with his work. 3. He ________(long) to attend college since he was a little boy. Now his dream has come true. 4. I ________ (wait) for you in the rain for twenty minutes in a row, which makes me upset. 5. In the not-too-distant future, we ________(live) in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away. 6. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They ________(move) on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. 7. My house ________(decorate) when you visited Beijing last time, so I didn’t invite you to my home. 8. The dust ________(blow) into the air by a strong wind, making it hard for the athletes to see clearly. 9. Thousands of years ago, many literature works ________(transmit) by storytelling for many years before they were written down. 10. Because this experiment ________(attempt) before, we were able to use some of the work those researchers did to help us with our experiment. 链接高考(测试时间：15分钟) 1.(2025年高考英语北京卷)By the time you brushed your teeth, you ________(make) several decisions even without noticing. 2.(2023年高考英语北京卷)I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest ________(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 3.(2023年高考英语北京卷)Up to now, China ________(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 4.(2025年全国高考英语I卷)A decent winner always ________(try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. 5.(2025年全国高考英语II卷)The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ________(be) one of them. 6.(2025年高考英语浙江1月卷)The concept ________(be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. 7.(2025年高考英语北京卷)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ________(leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, which accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 8.(2024 ·全国新课标I卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 9.(2024 ·全国甲卷)They ________(be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 10.(2024年高考英语北京卷)When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ________(give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 11.(2023 ·全国高考英语 Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I ________(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 12.(2023 ·全国高考英语乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ________(mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 13.(2023年高考英语北京卷)Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ________(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 14.(2022 ·全国高考英语I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas ... 15.(2022 ·全国高考英语II卷)Henry ________(fix) his car when he heard the screams. 10 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $