内容正文:
专题03 物主代词和名词所有格(期中复习讲义)
语法项目
语法要点说明
典型例句
错误陷阱
形容词性物主代词 & 名词性物主代词
形容词性物主代词后必须接名词;名词性物主代词后面不加名词
This is his dream job. / This job is his.
❌ This job is his’s.解析:名词性物主代词 his 无 his’s 形式;正确:This job is his.
名词所有格 ’s
有生命名词加 ’s 表所属;复数 s 结尾的名词,只加 ’
a pilot’s dream
❌ pilots’ s dream解析:复数 s 结尾名词,直接加撇号;正确:the pilots’ dream.
知识点01 物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫作物主代词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,有人称和数的变化。
1.1.物主代词的种类
类别
单数
复数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
形容词性
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
1.2.物主代词的用法
用法
典例
形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只能置于名词前作定语。
I am old enough to wash my clothes by myself.我已经长大了,可以自己洗衣服。
名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,句法功能与名词相同,其后不能再接名词。
Lucy's strawberries are fresher than mine.露西的草莓比我的新鲜。mine=my strawberries
This bag is his.Where's hers?这个书包是他的。她的在哪里?
知识点02 名词所有格
名词所有格表示名词之间的所有或所属关系。
规则
示例
-’s所有格
表示有生命的名词的所有格-般在其词尾加-’s,以-s或-es结尾的名词只加-’。
my cousin's clothes我表弟的衣服 students' books 学生们的书
表示时间、距离、度量街、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命事物的名词,也可以加-'s或者-’构成所有格。
today's newspaper今天的报纸 two hours' ride 两个小时的车程
两人或多人共有某物时,只在最后一个名词后加-'s;如果该物为各自所有,则各个名词后都要加-'s。
Lucy and Lily's bedroom露西和莉莉(共同)的房间Lucy's and Lily's bedrooms露西和莉莉(各自)的房间
为了避免重复,可单独使用一's所有格,其作用在句中相当于名词。
Whose pen is this? Is it Tony's? 这是谁的钢笔?它是托尼的吗?
of所有格
表示无生命东西的所有关系,of所有格由“of+名词/代词”构成。
We'll met at the gate of the school,我们将在学校门口见面。
双重所有格
双重所有格的构成有两种形式:一种是“of+-'s所有格”,另一种是“of+名词性物主代词"。
a picture of Lily’s莉莉(拥有)的一张照片
a fiend of hers她的一个朋友
基础题(测试时间:10分钟)
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.From the ________ (guide) notes, we can find that this was an explored tower.
【答案】guide’s
【详解】句意:从导游的笔记中,我们可以发现这是一座已经被勘探过的塔楼。这里要修饰后面的名词notes(笔记),需要把括号内的名词guide变为所有格形式,表达“导游的”这一所属含义,整体表示“从导游的笔记中”,应填guide’s。
2.This is my ________ (teacher) office. It is clean and bright.
【答案】teacher’s
【详解】句意:这是我的教师办公室。它干净又明亮。此处需要名词所有格用来修饰后面的名词office,表示所属关系,teacher的名词所有格形式为teacher’s。
3.—Is this new pencil box ________ (you)?
—No, it’s ________ (Tom).
【答案】 yours Tom’s
【详解】句意:——这个新铅笔盒是你的吗?——不,它是汤姆的。第一空后面没有名词,要用名词性物主代词yours,指代your pencil box;第二空表示 “汤姆的(铅笔盒)”,人名后加名词所有格’s。故依次填yours;Tom’s。
4.Tim politely refused a ________ (strange) invitation to give him a ride on the street.
【答案】stranger’s
【详解】句意:蒂姆礼貌地拒绝了一位陌生人在街上让他搭便车的邀请。strange意为“陌生的”时,是形容词,空后是名词invitation“邀请”,空处应是所有格形式,结合空前的“a”,stranger’s符合语境,表示“一位陌生人的邀请”。
5.This is ________ (Peter and Emma) classroom. They love their big and clean classroom.
【答案】Peter and Emma’s
【详解】句意:这是彼得和埃玛的教室。他们喜爱他们又大又干净的教室。根据后一句中的“their big and clean classroom”,说明教室是两人共同拥有的,并列名词表示共同所有时,只在最后一个名词后加’s,故填Peter and Emma’s。
6.This new pen is mine, and that one is ________ (you).
【答案】yours
【详解】句意:这支新钢笔是我的,那一支是你的。空格后无名词,需用you对应的名词性物主代词yours,作表语,相当于your pen。
7.These two classroom buildings look the same, but ________ (they) rooms are different.
【答案】their
【详解】句意:这两栋教学楼看起来一样,但它们的房间是不同的。空格后有名词“rooms”,需用形容词性物主代词修饰,they的形容词性物主代词是their。所以填their。
8.________ (they) favourite sport is swimming, and this swimming pool is ________ (they).
【答案】 Their theirs
【详解】句意:他们最喜欢的运动是游泳,这个游泳池是他们的。第一空后有名词sport,用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词,句首大写;第二空后无名词,用名词性物主代词theirs指代their swimming pool。故填Their;theirs。
9.In ________ (he) first class, he asked us to draw a picture of ourselves.
【答案】his
【详解】句意:在他的第一节课上,他让我们画自画像。空后有名词class,用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填his。
10.We all like ________ (we) English teacher.
【答案】our
【详解】句意:我们都喜欢我们的英语老师。后面有名词“English teacher”,需要用形容词性物主代词修饰名词,表示“我们的”,所以填our。
11.Your school is so beautiful and much bigger than ________ (I).
【答案】mine
【详解】句意:你的学校很漂亮,而且比我的学校大得多。空格后无名词,要用名词性物主代词;I的名词性物主代词是mine,相当于my school。
12.This is ________ (we) classroom. We have lessons there every day.
【答案】our
【详解】句意:这是我们的教室。我们每天在那里上课。句中需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词classroom;we是人称代词主格,对应的形容词性物主代词是our。
13.Our tennis rackets are over there, ________ (they) are in the classroom.
【答案】theirs
【详解】句意:我们的网球拍在那边,他们的在教室里。此处空格后面没有名词,需要使用名词性物主代词作句子主语,they的名词性物主代词是theirs,表示“他们的(网球拍)”,故填theirs。
14.You should try ________ (you) best to learn English well.
【答案】your
【详解】句意:你应该尽最大努力学好英语。try one’s best是固定搭配,表示尽某人最大努力,此处要用形容词性物主代词your,符合句子逻辑及语境。
15.My choice is working hard. What about ________ (you)?
【答案】yours
【详解】句意:我的选择是努力学习。你的呢?句中“What about”后需要名词性成分指代“你的选择”,you是人称代词,名词性物主代词yours可单独使用,相当于your choice,故填yours。
提升题(测试时间:10分钟)
1.In ________ case, short-term memory is more important for learning.
A.he B.his C.him D.himself
【答案】B
【详解】句意:就他的情况而言,短期记忆对学习更重要。
he他,主格;his他的,物主代词;him他,宾格;himself他自己,反身代词。“in one’s case”是固定搭配,意为“就某人的情况而言”,空后有名词case,需用形容词性物主代词his修饰。
2.—Whose wallet is this?
—It’s ________. I put it on the desk just now.
A.I B.me C.my D.mine
【答案】D
【详解】——这是谁的钱包?——是我的,我刚才放在桌子上的。
I我,主格;me我,宾格;my我的,形容词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词。空后没有名词,要表达“我的钱包”,用名词性物主代词mine。
3.—Whose learning materials are these?
—They are ________. I prepared them yesterday.
A.me B.my C.mine D.I
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——这些是谁的学习资料?——它们是我的。我昨天准备的。
me我,人称代词;my我的,形容词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词;I我,人称代词。空后没有接名词,需要表达“我的(学习资料)”这个含义,要使用名词性物主代词mine,等同于my learning materials。
4.—Whose money is this on the desk?
—It’s ________. I put it here just now.
A.me B.my C.mine D.myself
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——桌子上的这是谁的钱?——它是我的。我刚才把它放在这里的。
me我;my我的(形容词性物主代词);mine我的(名词性物主代词);myself我自己。根据语境可知,空处指代“我的钱”,且后面没有名词,应用名词性物主代词mine。
5.—I can’t find ________ eraser anywhere. May I borrow ________?
—Of course.
A.mine; yours B.my; yours C.my; your D.mine; your
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我到处都找不到我的橡皮。我可以借你的吗?——当然可以。
my我的,形容词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词;your你的,形容词性物主代词;yours你的,名词性物主代词。第一空修饰名词eraser,需用形容词性物主代词my;第二空指“你的橡皮”,需用名词性物主代词yours独立作宾语。
6.Except for twins, every living thing has ________ own special DNA.
A.it B.its C.it’s D.itself
【答案】B
【详解】句意:除了双胞胎,每个生物都有它自己独特的DNA。
it它;its它的;it’s它是;itself它自己。根据“has…own special DNA”可知,空格处修饰名词DNA,表示“它的”,应用形容词性物主代词its。
7.John’s dictionary was left at home, so he had to borrow ________.
A.my B.him C.mine D.himself
【答案】C
【详解】句意:约翰把他的字典落在家里了,所以他不得不借我的字典。
my是形容词性物主代词,后面必须接名词;him是人称代词宾格,作宾语指代人;mine是名词性物主代词,相当于my dictionary,可独立使用;himself是反身代词,表示他自己。根据句中borrow后需要指代“我的字典”且空格后无名词的语境,应填mine。
8.— Mary, is this your brother’s watch?
— No, ________ is black.
A.his B.hers C.mine D.yours
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——玛丽,这是你哥哥的手表吗?——不,他的是黑色的。
his他的;hers她的;mine我的;yours你的/你们的。根据问句“is this your brother’s watch”可知,此处指代“你哥哥的手表”,哥哥是男性,且空格后无名词,应用名词性物主代词his指代“his watch”。
9.Your bedroom is very big, but ________ is rather small.
A.hers B.her C.herself D.she
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你的卧室很大,但是她的相当小。
hers她的(所有物);her她的;herself 她自己;she她。根据前半句“Your bedroom”可知,此处是在比较卧室的大小,空处作主语指代“她的卧室”,用名词性物主代词hers,相当于her bedroom。
10.—Look at the red umbrella! Whose is it?
—It may be Amy’s, and ________ umbrella is black.
A.I B.me C.my D.mine
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——看那把红色的雨伞!它是谁的?——可能是Amy的,而且我的雨伞是黑色的。
I我;me我;my我的;mine我的。根据空格后的名词umbrella可知,此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词,表示“我的伞”。
11.Although two sayings use different images, _________ meanings can be similar.
A.they B.them C.their D.theirs
【答案】C
【详解】句意:虽然两句谚语使用了不同的意象,但它们的含义可能是相似的。
they他们(主格);them他们(宾格);their他们的(形容词性物主代词);theirs他们的(名词性物主代词)。根据空格后的名词meanings可知,此处需要用形容词性物主代词来修饰名词,表示“它们的”,应填their。
12.Some special methods can help us improve ________ memory.
A.we B.our C.us D.ours
【答案】B
【详解】句意:一些特殊的方法可以帮助我们改善我们的记忆力。
we我们;our我们的;us我们;ours我们的。空格后面是名词memory,需要用形容词性物主代词修饰名词;our为形容词性物主代词,符合语法。
13.Many teenagers don’t know how to manage ________ pocket money in a wise way.
A.their B.theirs C.them D.themselves
【答案】A
【详解】句意:许多青少年不知道如何明智地管理他们的零花钱。
their他们的;theirs他们的;them他们;themselves他们自己。空后是名词短语“pocket money”,需要用形容词性物主代词作定语修饰,主语为“Many teenagers” 是复数第三人称,对应their。
14.The purple scarf is not the girl’s. _________ is blue.
A.Its B.Hers C.Mine D.His
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这条紫色围巾不是那个女孩的。她的是蓝色的。
Its它的;Hers她的;Mine我的;His他的。根据“The purple scarf is not the girl’s”可知,这里指代的是“女孩的围巾”,需用hers。
15.This wallet isn’t mine. ________ is black and much simpler.
A.My B.Mine C.I D.Myself
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这个钱包不是我的。我的是黑色的并且简单得多。
My我的(形容词性);Mine我的(名词性);I我;Myself我自己。空格处在第二句中作主语,指代“我的钱包”,应用名词性物主代词mine,相当于my wallet。
16.After ________ work, she finally had the money to buy the ________ clothes she always wanted.
A.two-months; designer B.two months’; designer
C.two months; designing D.two month; design
【答案】B
【详解】句意:经过两个月的工作,她终于有钱买她一直想要的名牌服装了。
第一空表示时间段的所有格,two months为复数,所有格直接在s后加撇,故填two months’;第二空名词designer作定语修饰clothes,designer clothes意为“名牌服装”,故填designer。
17.Li Baoguo’s work greatly improved ________ lives in mountainous villages.
A.villager B.villagers’ C.villager’s D.villagers
【答案】B
【详解】句意:李保国的工作极大地改善了山村村民们的生活。
villager村民(单数);villagers’村民的(复数);villager’s村民的(单数);villagers村民们(复数)。根据“lives in mountainous villages”可知,此处指“村民们的”生活,应用所有格形式。villager为可数名词,山村里的村民不止一个,故用复数villagers,其所有格为villagers’。
18.I happened to meet a friend of ________ in the bookstore yesterday afternoon.
A.I B.me C.my D.mine
【答案】D
【详解】句意:昨天下午我碰巧在书店遇见了我的一个朋友。
I我,主格;me我,宾格;my我的,形容词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词。双重所有格结构:a friend of+名词性物主代词,表示“……的一位朋友”。of后应接名词性物主代词,应填mine。
19.Conflict is a natural part ________ everyone’s daily life.
A.in B.for C.of D.at
【答案】C
【详解】句意:冲突是每个人日常生活的一部分。
in在……里面;for为了;of……的;at在……。由固定搭配“a part of...”意为“……的一部分”可知,此处应用介词of。
20.She is a great learner ________ traditional Chinese art.
A.for B.at C.with D.of
【答案】D
【详解】句意:她是中国传统艺术的一位优秀的学习者。
for为了;at在……;with和……一起;of……的。根据“She is a great learner... traditional Chinese art.”可知,此处表示“……的学习者”,名词learner后接介词of表示学习的内容或领域。应填of。
21.The ________ was broken by a stone on the mountain road.
A.lorry window B.lorry’s window C.lorries window D.lorries’ window
【答案】B
【详解】句意:卡车的窗户被山路上的一块石头打破了。
lorry window卡车窗户;lorry’s window卡车的窗户;lorries window语法错误;lorries’ window卡车们的窗户。根据谓语动词“was”可知,主语应为单数概念,应填lorry’s window。
22.Tu Youyou is the pioneer ________ modern traditional Chinese medicine.
A.in B.of C.for D.with
【答案】B
【详解】句意:屠呦呦是现代传统中医药领域的先驱。
in在……里面;of……的;for为了;with和……一起。固定搭配the pioneer of…表示“……的先驱”,用来表示所属关系,句中“modern traditional Chinese medicine”是修饰限定pioneer的名词短语,需用of连接。
23.Jane worked as a volunteer in the neighborhood with some friends of ________.
A.she B.her C.hers D.herself
【答案】C
【详解】句意:简和她的一些朋友在社区里做志愿者。
考查双重所有格结构和代词辨析。she她,人称代词;her她的,形容词性物主代词;hers她的,名词性物主代词;herself她自己,反身代词。根据“some friends of...”可知此处表示简的朋友中的一些,应用双重所有格,其结构为“限定词+n.+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格”,故选C。
24.The custom _________ giving lucky money is widely spread across China.
A.for B.of C.to D.with
【答案】B
【详解】句意:给压岁钱的风俗在中国广泛传播。
for为了;of……的;to向;with和。根据“The custom...giving lucky money”可知,此处表示“……的习俗”,固定搭配为the custom of doing sth.“做某事的习俗”。应填of。
25.All the ________ parents are invited to the school meeting next Friday.
A.students B.student’s C.students’ D.students’s
【答案】C
【详解】句意:所有学生的家长都被邀请参加下周五的学校会议。
根据“All the”可知这里指众多学生的家长,student应用复数students;以s结尾的复数名词变所有格时,直接在词尾加撇号’。
26.—Which is Mary’s dictionary?
—This one is ________. That one is ________.
A.hers; mine B.her; mine C.hers; my D.her; me
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——哪本是玛丽的字典?——这本是她的。那本是我的。
考查物主代词辨析。hers她的,名词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词;her她的,形容词性物主代词;my我的,形容词性物主代词;me我,是人称代词宾格。形容词性物主代词后需接名词,名词性物主代词可单独使用,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。本题空格后均无名词,需用名词性物主代词,第一空指代“玛丽的字典”,用hers;第二空指代“我的字典”,用mine,故选A。
27.—Lily, dad bought two gifts for us. My gift is a notebook. What about ______?
—A nice watch. I like it very much.
A.mine B.hers C.yours D.theirs
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——莉莉,爸爸给我们买了两份礼物。我的礼物是一本笔记本。你的呢?——一块漂亮的手表。我非常喜欢它。
考查代词辨析。mine我的;hers她的;yours你的;theirs他们的。根据“dad bought two gifts for us. My gift is a notebook. What about”可知此处询问“你的礼物”是什么,用名词性物主代词yours。故选C。
28.—Are you sure this is a photo ________, the famous comedy actress?
—It surprised you, didn’t it? But she was once really thin.
A.Jia Ling B.Jia Ling’s C.of Jia Ling D.of Jia Ling’s
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你确定这是著名喜剧女演员贾玲的照片吗?——这让你惊讶了,不是吗?但她曾经确实很瘦。
考查名词所有格用法。“a photo of +某人”表示“某人的一张照片”;“a photo of Jia Ling’s”是双重所有格,意为“贾玲拥有的照片中的一张”,根据“the famous comedy actress? ”以及“But she was once really thin.”可知,本句指“贾玲本人的照片”。故选C。
29.Sam is an old friend of ________.
A.Jack mother B.Jack’s mother’s
C.Jack’s mother D.Jack mother’s
【答案】B
【详解】句意:Sam是Jack的妈妈的一位老朋友。
考查双重所有格。Jack mother形式错误;Jack’s mother’s杰克的妈妈的;Jack’s mother杰克的妈妈;Jack’s mother’s杰克的妈妈的;Jack mother’s形式错误。根据“Sam is an old friend of”可知,是指Jack的妈妈的老朋友,应用双重所有格。故选B。
拓展题(测试时间:20分钟)
一、完成句子。(10 小题)
1, 在所有职业选择中,这无疑是他梦想的那份工作。
Among all career choices, this is undoubtedly ________ ________ job.
【答案】his dream
【解析】形容词性物主代词 his 修饰名词短语 dream job,放在名词前表所属;his 无需随后面名词单复数变化。
2. 墙上展示的这些是学生们对于未来的梦想工作。
Shown on the wall, these are the ________ dream jobs for the future.
【答案】students’
【解析】students 是以 s 结尾的复数名词,名词所有格只在词尾加’,students’表示 “学生们共有的”,修饰后面 dream jobs。
3. 经过激烈讨论,我们最终采纳了詹姆斯的活动方案。
After heated discussion, we finally accepted ________ activity plan for the project.
【答案】James’s / James’
【解析】以 s 结尾的单数人名,两种所有格写法均可;James 为单数专有名词,所有格表 “詹姆斯的”,修饰 activity plan。
4. 你能帮我确认一下那间老师们的会议室是否有空吗?
Could you help me check whether the ________ meeting room is available now?
【答案】teachers’
【解析】teacher 复数 teachers,词尾已有 s,所有格直接加’,teachers’ 老师们的(多人共用会议室)。
5. 那个角落里的玩具车是我弟弟的生日礼物。
The toy car in the corner is my ________ birthday gift.
【答案】brother’s
【解析】brother 单数可数名词,不以 s 结尾,所有格加’s;my brother’s 我弟弟的,修饰 birthday gift。
6. 当走进大楼,我们立刻被我们的新实验室吸引住了。
When entering the building, we were immediately attracted by ________ new lab.
【答案】our
【解析】形容词性物主代词 our,后面必须搭配名词 lab;主格 we 不能直接修饰名词,只能作句子主语。
7. 书架上这本绘本讲述孩子们的奇妙森林冒险故事。
The storybook on the shelf tells about the ________ amazing adventures in the forest.
【答案】children’s
【解析】child 不规则复数 children,词尾不带 s,所有格需要加’s;children’s 孩子们的,高频易错点。
8. 尽管路途遥远,他们的团队依旧准时到达了比赛场地。
Though the journey was long, ________ team arrived at the competition venue on time.
【答案】their
【解析】形容词性物主代词 their 修饰名词 team;主格 they 只能作主语,不能放在名词前表所属。
9. 这张照片记录了女老师们的一次户外研学活动。
This photo records an outdoor study trip of the ________.
【答案】women teachers’
【解析】复合名词 woman teacher 变复数要前后都变:women teachers;复数词尾有 s,所有格在末尾加’。
10. 这件手织毛衣是我妈妈的作品,饱含温暖与爱意。
This hand-knit sweater is my ________ work, full of warmth and love.
【答案】mother’s
【解析】mother 普通单数名词,所有格加’s;my mother’s 我妈妈的,修饰名词 work。
二、语法选择
根据短文内容,从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。
Do you know what it takes to be a good tour guide? A tour guide does more than just show visitors around. He or she needs to have a wide range of knowledge and good communication skills. Last year, my cousin Li Wei decided to become a tour guide in Shanghai. He 1 in a travel agency for two years before he got his first job. Every morning, he arrives at the office early 2 prepare for the day's tours. He always carries a map and a notebook with 3 .
A good tour guide must know the city very well. He or she 4 answer all kinds of questions from tourists. Li Wei says that the most important thing is to be patient. "Sometimes tourists ask the same questions again and again, 5 I never get angry," he told me. He also needs to speak clearly and confidently because he 6 by many people every day.
Last month, Li Wei 7 a group of American tourists to the Bund. It was his first time to guide foreign visitors, and he felt a little nervous. But he took a deep breath and did a wonderful job. The tourists were very satisfied and gave him 8 big tip. They said he was one of 9 guides they had ever met. Li Wei felt proud of himself. He said, “I love my job because I can meet different people every day. Helping others understand my city is really 10 .”
1.A.works B.worked C.has worked
2.A.to B.for C.with
3.A.he B.his C.him
4.A.can B.must C.might
5.A.because B.so C.but
6.A.watches B.is watched C.was watched
7.A.take B.took C.has taken
8.A.a B.an C.the
9.A.good B.better C.the best
10.A.excite B.exciting C.excited
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B
【导语】本文主要讲述了成为一名优秀导游所需的素质,并以李伟为例,描述了他作为导游的工作经历及感受。
【详解】1.句意:他在得到这份导游工作之前在旅行社工作了两年。
后文before he got为过去时态,描述过去发生的动作,用一般过去时worked。
2.句意:每天早上他早到办公室是为了准备当天的游览。
不定式to do表目的,to prepare用来说明早到办公室的目的;for后接名词,with表伴随,均不能接动词原形表目的。
3.句意:他总是随身携带地图和笔记本。
介词with后需要人称代词宾格作宾语,him是宾格;he为主格作主语,his是形容词性物主代词,后面必须搭配名词。
4.句意:他或她必须回答游客的各种问题。
前文用must know强调导游硬性要求,此处保持一致用must表职责必要性;can表能力,might表不确定推测,不符合导游职业硬性规定。
5.句意:有时游客反复问同样的问题,但我从不生气。
前后两句存在转折逻辑,游客重复提问和不生气形成对比,用but;because表原因,so表结果,都是因果逻辑,和语境冲突。
6.句意:因为他每天被许多人注视着。
主语he和动词watch是被动关系,描述日常常态使用一般现在时被动语态is watched;watches是主动语态,was watched是一般过去时被动,和every day时态冲突。
7.句意:上个月,李伟带了一群美国游客去外滩。
时间标志词Last month表示过去,谓语动词使用过去式took;take是动词原形,has taken是现在完成时,均不匹配过去时间状语。
8.句意:游客们很满意,给了他一个大额小费。
big以辅音音素/b/开头,表泛指“一笔”用不定冠词a;an用于元音音素开头单词前,the是定冠词表特指,不符合语境。
9.句意:他们说他是他们见过的最好的导游之一。
固定结构one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数,表示“最……之一”,因此用the best;good是原级,better是比较级,无法套用该固定搭配。
10.句意:帮助他人了解我的城市真的很令人兴奋。
修饰事物、表示“令人感到……”使用-ing结尾形容词exciting;excite是动词原形,excited用来修饰人的主观感受,主语是整件事,不适用。
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专题03 物主代词和名词所有格(期中复习讲义)
语法项目
语法要点说明
典型例句
错误陷阱
形容词性物主代词 & 名词性物主代词
形容词性物主代词后必须接名词;名词性物主代词后面不加名词
This is his dream job. / This job is his.
❌ This job is his’s.解析:名词性物主代词 his 无 his’s 形式;正确:This job is his.
名词所有格 ’s
有生命名词加 ’s 表所属;复数 s 结尾的名词,只加 ’
a pilot’s dream
❌ pilots’ s dream解析:复数 s 结尾名词,直接加撇号;正确:the pilots’ dream.
知识点01 物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫作物主代词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,有人称和数的变化。
1.1.物主代词的种类
类别
单数
复数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
形容词性
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
1.2.物主代词的用法
用法
典例
形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只能置于名词前作定语。
I am old enough to wash my clothes by myself.我已经长大了,可以自己洗衣服。
名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,句法功能与名词相同,其后不能再接名词。
Lucy's strawberries are fresher than mine.露西的草莓比我的新鲜。mine=my strawberries
This bag is his.Where's hers?这个书包是他的。她的在哪里?
知识点02 名词所有格
名词所有格表示名词之间的所有或所属关系。
规则
示例
-’s所有格
表示有生命的名词的所有格-般在其词尾加-’s,以-s或-es结尾的名词只加-’。
my cousin's clothes我表弟的衣服 students' books 学生们的书
表示时间、距离、度量街、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命事物的名词,也可以加-'s或者-’构成所有格。
today's newspaper今天的报纸 two hours' ride 两个小时的车程
两人或多人共有某物时,只在最后一个名词后加-'s;如果该物为各自所有,则各个名词后都要加-'s。
Lucy and Lily's bedroom露西和莉莉(共同)的房间Lucy's and Lily's bedrooms露西和莉莉(各自)的房间
为了避免重复,可单独使用一's所有格,其作用在句中相当于名词。
Whose pen is this? Is it Tony's? 这是谁的钢笔?它是托尼的吗?
of所有格
表示无生命东西的所有关系,of所有格由“of+名词/代词”构成。
We'll met at the gate of the school,我们将在学校门口见面。
双重所有格
双重所有格的构成有两种形式:一种是“of+-'s所有格”,另一种是“of+名词性物主代词"。
a picture of Lily’s莉莉(拥有)的一张照片
a fiend of hers她的一个朋友
基础题(测试时间:10分钟)
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.From the ________ (guide) notes, we can find that this was an explored tower.
2.This is my ________ (teacher) office. It is clean and bright.
3.—Is this new pencil box ________ (you)?
—No, it’s ________ (Tom).
4.Tim politely refused a ________ (strange) invitation to give him a ride on the street.
5.This is ________ (Peter and Emma) classroom. They love their big and clean classroom.
6.This new pen is mine, and that one is ________ (you).
7.These two classroom buildings look the same, but ________ (they) rooms are different.
8.________ (they) favourite sport is swimming, and this swimming pool is ________ (they).
9.In ________ (he) first class, he asked us to draw a picture of ourselves.
10.We all like ________ (we) English teacher.
11.Your school is so beautiful and much bigger than ________ (I).
12.This is ________ (we) classroom. We have lessons there every day.
13.Our tennis rackets are over there, ________ (they) are in the classroom.
14.You should try ________ (you) best to learn English well.
15.My choice is working hard. What about ________ (you)?
提升题(测试时间:10分钟)
1.In ________ case, short-term memory is more important for learning.
A.he B.his C.him D.himself
2.—Whose wallet is this?
—It’s ________. I put it on the desk just now.
A.I B.me C.my D.mine
3.—Whose learning materials are these?
—They are ________. I prepared them yesterday.
A.me B.my C.mine D.I
4.—Whose money is this on the desk?
—It’s ________. I put it here just now.
A.me B.my C.mine D.myself
5.—I can’t find ________ eraser anywhere. May I borrow ________?
—Of course.
A.mine; yours B.my; yours C.my; your D.mine; your
6.Except for twins, every living thing has ________ own special DNA.
A.it B.its C.it’s D.itself
7.John’s dictionary was left at home, so he had to borrow ________.
A.my B.him C.mine D.himself
8.— Mary, is this your brother’s watch?
— No, ________ is black.
A.his B.hers C.mine D.yours
9.Your bedroom is very big, but ________ is rather small.
A.hers B.her C.herself D.she
10.—Look at the red umbrella! Whose is it?
—It may be Amy’s, and ________ umbrella is black.
A.I B.me C.my D.mine
11.Although two sayings use different images, _________ meanings can be similar.
A.they B.them C.their D.theirs
12.Some special methods can help us improve ________ memory.
A.we B.our C.us D.ours
13.Many teenagers don’t know how to manage ________ pocket money in a wise way.
A.their B.theirs C.them D.themselves
14.The purple scarf is not the girl’s. _________ is blue.
A.Its B.Hers C.Mine D.His
15.This wallet isn’t mine. ________ is black and much simpler.
A.My B.Mine C.I D.Myself
16.After ________ work, she finally had the money to buy the ________ clothes she always wanted.
A.two-months; designer B.two months’; designer
C.two months; designing D.two month; design
17.Li Baoguo’s work greatly improved ________ lives in mountainous villages.
A.villager B.villagers’ C.villager’s D.villagers
18.I happened to meet a friend of ________ in the bookstore yesterday afternoon.
A.I B.me C.my D.mine
19.Conflict is a natural part ________ everyone’s daily life.
A.in B.for C.of D.at
20.She is a great learner ________ traditional Chinese art.
A.for B.at C.with D.of
21.The ________ was broken by a stone on the mountain road.
A.lorry window B.lorry’s window C.lorries window D.lorries’ window
22.Tu Youyou is the pioneer ________ modern traditional Chinese medicine.
A.in B.of C.for D.with
23.Jane worked as a volunteer in the neighborhood with some friends of ________.
A.she B.her C.hers D.herself
24.The custom _________ giving lucky money is widely spread across China.
A.for B.of C.to D.with
25.All the ________ parents are invited to the school meeting next Friday.
A.students B.student’s C.students’ D.students’s
26.—Which is Mary’s dictionary?
—This one is ________. That one is ________.
A.hers; mine B.her; mine C.hers; my D.her; me
27.—Lily, dad bought two gifts for us. My gift is a notebook. What about ______?
—A nice watch. I like it very much.
A.mine B.hers C.yours D.theirs
28.—Are you sure this is a photo ________, the famous comedy actress?
—It surprised you, didn’t it? But she was once really thin.
A.Jia Ling B.Jia Ling’s C.of Jia Ling D.of Jia Ling’s
29.Sam is an old friend of ________.
A.Jack mother B.Jack’s mother’s
C.Jack’s mother D.Jack mother’s
拓展题(测试时间:20分钟)
一、完成句子。(10 小题)
1, 在所有职业选择中,这无疑是他梦想的那份工作。
Among all career choices, this is undoubtedly ________ ________ job.
2. 墙上展示的这些是学生们对于未来的梦想工作。
Shown on the wall, these are the ________ dream jobs for the future.
3. 经过激烈讨论,我们最终采纳了詹姆斯的活动方案。
After heated discussion, we finally accepted ________ activity plan for the project.
4. 你能帮我确认一下那间老师们的会议室是否有空吗?
Could you help me check whether the ________ meeting room is available now?
5. 那个角落里的玩具车是我弟弟的生日礼物。
The toy car in the corner is my ________ birthday gift.
6. 当走进大楼,我们立刻被我们的新实验室吸引住了。
When entering the building, we were immediately attracted by ________ new lab.
7. 书架上这本绘本讲述孩子们的奇妙森林冒险故事。
The storybook on the shelf tells about the ________ amazing adventures in the forest.
8. 尽管路途遥远,他们的团队依旧准时到达了比赛场地。
Though the journey was long, ________ team arrived at the competition venue on time.
9. 这张照片记录了女老师们的一次户外研学活动。
This photo records an outdoor study trip of the ________.
10. 这件手织毛衣是我妈妈的作品,饱含温暖与爱意。
This hand-knit sweater is my ________ work, full of warmth and love.
二、语法选择
根据短文内容,从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。
Do you know what it takes to be a good tour guide? A tour guide does more than just show visitors around. He or she needs to have a wide range of knowledge and good communication skills. Last year, my cousin Li Wei decided to become a tour guide in Shanghai. He 1 in a travel agency for two years before he got his first job. Every morning, he arrives at the office early 2 prepare for the day's tours. He always carries a map and a notebook with 3 .
A good tour guide must know the city very well. He or she 4 answer all kinds of questions from tourists. Li Wei says that the most important thing is to be patient. "Sometimes tourists ask the same questions again and again, 5 I never get angry," he told me. He also needs to speak clearly and confidently because he 6 by many people every day.
Last month, Li Wei 7 a group of American tourists to the Bund. It was his first time to guide foreign visitors, and he felt a little nervous. But he took a deep breath and did a wonderful job. The tourists were very satisfied and gave him 8 big tip. They said he was one of 9 guides they had ever met. Li Wei felt proud of himself. He said, “I love my job because I can meet different people every day. Helping others understand my city is really 10 .”
1.A.works B.worked C.has worked
2.A.to B.for C.with
3.A.he B.his C.him
4.A.can B.must C.might
5.A.because B.so C.but
6.A.watches B.is watched C.was watched
7.A.take B.took C.has taken
8.A.a B.an C.the
9.A.good B.better C.the best
10.A.excite B.exciting C.excited
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