专题04 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，福建专用）九年级英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——家乡和社会变迁 Passage 1 （26-27九年级上·江西赣州·阶段检测）Over the past ten years, great changes have taken place in the countryside of China. Bacha Village in Heilongjiang Province is one of them. The people there have become rich with the development of tourism (旅游业). You Mingfen, a 57-year-old local woman, opened a hotel in her own two-floor house. Her family also has a fishing boat. Her husband can use it to get fresh fish. They offer the fish to the guests from all over China and make the fish skin and bones into handmade gifts. They are very popular with visitors. “The busiest tourism season in Bacha Village lasts from May to October. It can bring us more than 50,000 yuan a year,” she said. “In winter, we can stay in a warm room and enjoy the leisure time. It was impossible before. At that time, we almost depended on fishing for a living.” Since 2016, the tourism industry in Bacha Village has developed rapidly. Last year, more than 60,000 tourists came here, and the income for each person in the village increased to 25,600 yuan. Now, the roads are wider, the houses are brighter and the living conditions are more comfortable. Thanks to the good policies of the government, villagers get more ways to make money. Many young people now come back from big cities and work in their own hometown. They can not only care for their families but also build their hometown. 1．What makes people in Bacha Village become rich? A．The development of education. B．The development of farming. C．The development of fishing. D．The development of tourism. 2．How long does the busiest tourist season last in Bacha Village? A．For 6 months. B．For 5 months. C．For 4 months. D．For 7 months. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The hotel. B．The fishing boat. C．The fresh fish. D．The two-floor house. 4．What has encouraged young people to return to Bacha Village? A．The increase in fishing opportunities B．The development of tourism. C．The rise in housing prices. D．The lack of job opportunities in big cities. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Fishing for a Living B．Beautiful Village Project C．Great Changes in Bacha Village D．The Tourism Industry in China Passage 2 （26-27九年级上·河南周口·阶段检测）It used to be common for people to move to big cities in search of job chances. However, in recent years, an increasing number of young people are doing the opposite, choosing to leave big cities for the countryside. The improved living conditions, transportation and internet service in the countryside have made this choice even easier. Now, they can enjoy a peaceful life with clean air and more space. Many young people usually find new job chances online or in local towns. Zhu Wenjing, a 23-year-old fashion design graduate (毕业生), is one of them. Looking forward to a more meaningful and peaceful life, she gave up her boring job and life in Hangzhou and moved to Yixian County. Now, she lives in Yixian and shares her outdoor travel experiences online, hoping to bring more visitors to the area. In Yixian County, the local government has built a special community to welcome young people like Zhu. The community stands by a small river. And it used to be an old liquor (酒水) factory. People there can easily reach the main road by crossing a century-old bridge. The community has a two-floor building with 58 rooms. In less than a year, about 500 people have lived there: computer workers, artists and businessmen. They work online while enjoying the quiet and natural beauty of the countryside. This new way of living is changing young people’s work styles. It also brings new chances and energy to the countryside. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Big cities are becoming more popular than before. B．The internet service in the countryside becomes better. C．People used to move to the countryside for job chances. D．More young people choose to work in the countryside now. 2．Why did Zhu Wenjing move to Yixian County? A．To become famous. B．To start a business. C．To learn about Chinese culture. D．To live a more meaningful and peaceful life. 3．What can we know about the community in Yixian County? A．It lies by an old road. B．It used to be a liquor factory. C．Zhu Wenjing runs the community. D．People live in the community for free. 4．What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The countryside. B．Working in big cities. C．The new way of living. D．The local government. 5．What can we infer (推断) from the text? A．Traveling is the best medicine. B．Living away from cities can improve health. C．Many young people are changing their working styles. D．The special community brings old lifestyles to people. Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·四川成都·期中）Do you know how people change their consumption (消费) habits when their city starts to get richer? Take Shenzhen as an example. Shenzhen has interested lots of talented people since 2000 because of its rapid development. And the average income (平均收入) of people there is more than that in any other medium-sized city in China. So, how have people’s consumption habits changed after 25 years? Let’s have a look. The first is education. Education is very important for children in many people’s eyes. And getting a good education is very expensive in China. Parents spend more and more money on education, wishing that their kids will have a better future. They also spend a lot of money on communication tools. Some people have two smartphones and even their children have one. And almost every family has a computer. But they spend less on food. It is reported that because the income is increasing, people spend more money on entertainment (娱乐) or other things instead of eating. The biggest change, however, is the transportation. In 2000, only four or five families in every 100 owned a car. Now this number is different, and there are over four million cars in Shenzhen. People’s consumption habits have changed not only in Shenzhen but also in every place in China. That symbolizes we are richer and stronger now. It also tells the world China is developing very fast. 1．What has caused the change in people’s consumption habits in Shenzhen? A．The change of people’s minds. B．The change of the environment. C．The improvement of people’s lives. 2．What can we know about Shenzhen from Paragraph 2? A．It is the biggest medium-sized city in China. B．People there have the highest incomes in China. C．It is full of talent after developing for many years. 3．What change has the biggest influence on children? A．Food. B．Education. C．Transportation. 4．Which picture can show the changes in people’s consumption habits in Shenzhen? A． B． C． 5．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To interest more people in visiting Shenzhen. B．To show how much progress Shenzhen has made. C．To encourage more people to consume in Shenzhen. 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 4 （河南周口市沈丘县等校2026-2027学年九年级上学期9月阶段检测英语试题）Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) play a big role in the ocean. They are home to many sea plants and animals. Healthy coral reefs also protect the shoreline (海岸线) from flooding during storms. Even if you live far from coral reefs, you can make efforts to protect them. Here are some tips. Don’t touch the coral reefs If you go diving and see coral reefs, don’t touch them.They are fragile (脆弱的). Don’t buy coral souvenirs (纪念品) It can take years for one piece of coral to grow back after someone has broken it. Don’t waste water The less water you use, the less wastewater finds its way back into the ocean. Plant treesPlanting trees can help fight global warming and keep ocean temperatures from rising. Keep beaches cleanRubbish on the beach can be washed into the ocean and harm coral reefs. Spread the wordShare what you know about coral reefs and their importance to the ocean with others. Use less plasticA lot of plastic waste ends up in the ocean. It can harm the coral reefs and make it hard for them to grow. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What can people know about coral reefs from Paragraph 1? A．They are home to many plants and animals on land. B．They can keep ocean temperatures from rising. C．They can protect the shoreline from flooding. D．They can give food to people. 2．Why does the writer suggest not buying coral souvenirs? A．Because coral reefs are fragile. B．Because they are expensive. C．Because they are not popular. D．Because broken coral takes years to grow back. 3．What result will plastic waste in the ocean bring to coral reefs? A．It will cause coral reefs to have difficulty growing. B．It can make coral reefs more expensive. C．It will improve coral reefs’ living environment. D．It can lead to the death of coral reefs. 4．How many tips are mentioned to protect coral reefs in the text? A．6. B．7. C．8. D．9. 5．Where can people probably read the text? A．In a history book. B．In a guide book. C．In a nature newspaper. D．In a fashion magazine. Passage 5 （25-26九年级上·内蒙古赤峰·期中）① Worried about the climate? There’s plenty to do to help your local environment. And small actions can make a difference. Here are five ideas to get you started. ② Count the birds Get closer to nature by becoming a citizen (市民) scientist. You could count birds, butterflies or even flowers in your garden. There are lots of citizen science projects to take part in. It’s a fun group activity, and your data (数据) can help scientists better understand our environment. ③ ________ Soil and water are some of the most important resources on our planet. By picking up litter in your area, you can stop plastics and other materials from polluting the land, parks, beaches and rivers. ④ Grow locally to eat locally Planting more fruit and nut trees and vegetables can create a local food supply. Eating locally can reduce carbon emitted (碳排放) by importing (进口) food from abroad. ⑤ Set up a library of things Internet shopping has made it easier to buy new things at the click of a button (按钮). But where is it all going to end up? First it will clutter (凌乱地塞满) your house, and then it’ll clutter the planet. Setting up a library of things can encourage local people to share everything from tools (工具) to toys. ⑥ Reclaim (收回) the streets Reducing car pollution is one of the ways we can reduce CO₂ emissions (排放) and improve air quality. Close your street for kids to play on the road safely for three hours a week. Getting more people to ride a bike is also a great way to reduce pollution. Start a community club in your area to help people be confident. 1．The underlined phrase “make a difference” in the passage can be replaced by “________”. A．have an effect B．succeed C．change everything 2．Which of the following phrases can be put in ________? A．Organize activities B．Save water and soil C．Pick up litter 3．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．Count birds to be scientists. B．Grow and eat locally. C．Set up a library for reading. 4．How is the text organized? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, …) A． B． C． Passage 6 （25-26九年级上·河南开封·阶段检测）Look around you—how many plastic (塑料) things can you find in your house? Most homes today are almost full of plastic, from water bottles to clothes, chairs, and even computers. Regretfully, so are our rivers and oceans. According to research, about 583 billion (十亿) plastic bottles were produced in 2021. That is 100 billion more than just five years ago. This year, five trillion (万亿) plastic bags are used. That’s 160,000 every second. Americans alone use half a million drinking straws (吸管) every day. However, very little of the plastic that goes into recycling bins can make it through the recycling process. It’s said that only around 9 percent of plastic is recycled. About 16 percent is burned for electricity or heat. The rest ends up in landfills (填埋场) or bodies of water. Not all the plastic things you put in your recycling bin can be recycled and reused. In most cases, plastic things can’t be used again if they have more than one kind of plastic in them. That’s because some plastics can’t be mixed together. How about those plastic things that are able to be recycled at a recycling center? First, workers make sure that each plastic is clean. After that, the plastic things are made into small pieces. At last, they are melted (熔化) and used to create new things. One of the commonly seen products is new plastic bottles. Recycled plastic can also be used to make clothes, pens, pencils, and building materials! 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．We can’t live without plastic. B．We shouldn’t make plastic things. C．People should worry about plastic. D．People won’t use plastic things any more. 2．How does the writer show plastic is a problem in Paragraph 2? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By describing a scene. 3．How much plastic can be recycled according to Paragraph 3? A．About 9%. B．About 16%. C．About 25%. D．About 75%. 4．Why can’t all the plastic things be recycled or reused? A．Because they have more than one kind of plastic in them. B．Because they aren’t put in the recycling bin. C．Because they are valuable and helpful to us. D．Because they are used to create new things. 5．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．How people create plastic things. B．Why plastic things have to be recycled. C．What happens to recycled plastic things. D．Where plastic things go after they are thrown away. 主题03 人与自我——实践品质与工匠精神 Passage 7 （25-26九年级上·山东德州·阶段检测）At Alexandria Country Day School in Virginia, a group of sixth-graders had a special project. They used 3D printers to create mini 3D-printed model villages which were designed (设计) for homeless people. The students got the idea from a company called Icon, which makes homes with 3D printers. They want to make cheap housing for everyone. Icon’s homes are made of concrete-like (混凝土类) materials, which are very cheap. And building these homes just takes a few days. Allison McDonald is the science teacher and the director of the sixth-grade project. She said “Through the project, the students not only learned about invention and teamwork, but they also learned to understand the real needs of homeless people.” While creating their mini 3D buildings the students explored (探索) how such technology allows the freedom of design and how to better use the technology in daily life. They said getting the details (细节) correct before printing was hard. Putting a lot of thought into their communities, they made houses, stores, and schools. Besides, they also made churches, health centers, community gardens, theaters and even bus stops to make the people who will live there get a sense of belonging (归属感). Amber Fogarty is the president of Mobile Loaves & Fishes. It is an organization (组织) in Austin, Texas and provides homes for people in need for free. After learning about the students’ project, Amber said, “Both the project and the students are excellent! Imagine the possibilities. How can you use your brains and hearts to solve problems? I don’t know what the future holds with 3D printing. But the possibilities are very exciting. It is a journey of discovery.” 1．For whom were the mini 3D-printed model villages designed? A．School students. B．School teachers. C．People without homes. D．Schools in Virginia. 2．According to the passage, the 3D-printed homes _________. A．can be built anywhere and anytime B．are very strong and easy to be built C．are built in a short time and at low cost D．are beautiful and good for the environment 3．How did the students make people in the villages have a sense of belonging? A．By making many places that are common in daily life. B．By studying how to use 3D printing technology in daily life. C．By getting everything that people need ready before printing. D．By thinking the connection between 3D printing technology and design 4．Which of the following about the students and their project is NOT true? A．The students got the idea from Icon. B．The students learned a lot from the project. C．The project won high praise from Amber Fogarty. D．The project helped the students get a chance to study at Icon. 5．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To ask us to care about people in need. B．To talk about the future of 3D printing. C．To encourage students to learn 3D printing. D．To introduce a 3D-printing project of sixth-graders. Passage 8 （25-26九年级上·四川成都·期中）Ancient China’s excellent inventions in technology still influence our daily lives today. Let’s take a look at some of them. 1. Papermaking Paper is one of the most game-changing Chinese inventions. The traditional way of making paper is to put plant fibers (纤维) in water, beat the fibers to make them softer, mix the fibers and water together to make the slurry (浆料) and then dry it. When it’s dried, people can use it for writing and painting. This invention totally changed people’s ways of communicating and keeping records. 2. Gunpowder Gunpowder was invented in China around the 9th century. At first, people used it for medical purposes. Some old books say it was used to help with things like stomachaches or to treat small wounds (伤口). But soon, people noticed how powerful it was when it burned. It wasn’t long before people used it in war to beat enemies (敌人). 3. Printing The Chinese invention of movable type printing (活字印刷术) changed the way people pass down knowledge. It made it possible to produce many books. Printers could pick out the needed characters, put them together in a frame (框架), and start printing. As a result, it helped people to share ideas and information. 4. The compass In ancient times, Chinese people invented the compass. At first, it was used for telling directions. Later, people started to use it for sea shipping (海运). This tool was essential in the Age of Exploration (探险时代), as it opened the world to international trade. 1．What is the right order for making paper? a. Mix the fibers and water together.    b. Dry the slurry. c. Beat the fibers.        d. Put plant fibers in water. A．a→d→c→b B．d→c→a→b C．d→b→a→c 2．According to the text, how did people’s use of gunpowder change? A．From medical use to war use. B．From shipping use to war use. C．From war use to medical use. 3．Which invention should writers thank when sharing their ideas quickly? A．Gunpowder. B．Printing. C．The compass. 4．What does the underlined word “essential” mean in the context? A．Possible B．Important C．Interesting 5．In which unit of the textbook can we see the passage? A．Unit 1 History of Ancient China B．Unit 2 Traditional Chinese Customs C．Unit 3 Ancient Chinese Inventions Passage 9 （25-26九年级上·甘肃天水·期中）Bi Sheng was born in the Song Dynasty. He lived in a small village which lies in Huanggang today. He invented the printing around 1040 AD (公元). He was the world’s first inventor of the printing. It is about 400 years earlier than the printing in Germany. The printing is also called the movable-type printing (活字印刷). But how did it work in the past? First of all, the clay was made into movable types. Then words were engraved (雕刻) carefully onto the types. After that the words were chosen and put in the right order in a box according to the text. Next, the workers brushed ink onto the movable types. Finally, the types could be used for printing. They could be used again and again for different books. The movable-type printing plays an important role in Chinese culture. With the help of it, Chinese culture spread around the world more quickly. At the same time, the movable-type printing was widely used in the world at that time. As a result, more and more cultural communication among countries took place. The movable-type printing, the compass (指南针), gunpowder and the paper-making are called four great inventions of China. They make China own an important and even top position in the history of human civilization (文明). 1．When was the movable-type printing invented________. A．About 600 years ago. B．Around 1040 AD． C．Before the Song Dynasty. D．About 400 years ago. 2．What should the workers do after the words were chosen and put in right order? A．Brush ink onto the types. B．Make the clay into movable types. C．Print by using the types. D．Engrave words onto the types. 3．How many steps were there in the movable-type printing? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 4．What does the word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．the compass B．gunpowder C．the paper-making D．the movable-type printing 5．What’s the passage mainly about? A．Four great inventions and their position in the history of human civilization. B．Bi Sheng invented the movable-type printing after trying many times. C．The movable-type printing and its importance for cultural communication. D．How Bi Sheng invented the movable-type printing in the Song Dynasty. 主题01 人与社会——家乡和社会的变迁 Passage 1 （24-25九年级上·福建泉州·阶段检测）Over the past ten years, great changes have taken place in the countryside of China. Bacha Village in Heilongjiang Province is one of them. The people there have become rich with the development of tourism (旅游业). You Mingfen, a 57- year- old local woman, opened a hotel in her own two- floor house. Her family also has a fishing boat. Her husband can use it to get the fresh fish. They offer the fish to the guests from all over China and make the fish skin and bones into hand- made gifts. They are very popular with visitors. “The busiest tourism season in Bacha lasts from May to October. It can bring us more than 50,000 yuan a year,” she said, “in winter, we can stay in a warm room and enjoy the leisure time. It was impossible before. At that time, we almost depended on fishing for a living.” Since 2016, the tourism industry in Bacha Village has developed rapidly. The tourism industry in Bacha brings earnings for the villagers. Last year, more than60,000 visitors came here, and the income for each person in the village increased to 25,600 yuan. Now, the roads are wider, the houses are brighter and the living conditions are more comfortable. Thanks to the good policies of the government, villagers get more ways to make money. Many young people now come back from big cities and work in their own hometown. They can not only care for their families but also build their hometown. 1．The development of _________ makes people in Bacha become rich. A．education B．farming C．fishing D．tourism 2．Which of the following about You Mingfen is TRUE? A．She is 75 years old. B．She has a one- floor house. C．She is busier in winter. D．Her gifts are well- liked by visitors. 3．The underlined word “income” in Paragraph 4 means “_________” in Chinese. A．收入 B．支出 C．成本 D．税收 4．What has encouraged young people to return to Bacha Village? A．The rise in housing prices. B．The development of tourism. C．The increase in fishing opportunities. D．The lack of job opportunities in big cities. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Fishing for a Living B．“Beautiful Villages” Project C．Great Changes in Bacha D．The Tourism Industry in China Passage 2 （23-24九年级上·河南周口·期末）As we know, Changsha has changed a lot in the past few years. People’s living conditions have improved a lot. The buildings are becoming taller and brighter. People can buy all kinds of food and clothes in the supermarkets. Trees are being planted every year and more gardens have appeared. Every morning, you can see many people do sports in the parks. Most of the people feel much safer on the streets now. The changes make the people in the city live a happy life. The small survey below is from people in Changsha. One hundred persons were chosen (被选出来) to answer the questions last month. What they want Health Safety Food 62% 30% 8% Where they like to live In a quieter place In a busier place In a greener place 48% 2% 50% What they think of working in the city Bad Good No idea 10% 77% 13% What they worry about The high price of houses Medical care The education cost 42% 39% 19% 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．From the survey, ________ of the people in Changsha care about safety. A．62% B．30% C．8% D．66% 2．77% of the people think working in Changsha is ________. A．bad B．good C．hard D．sad 3．From the survey, we know very few people want to live ________. A．in a busier place B．in a quieter place C．in a greener place D．on a mountain 4．Every morning, you can see many people do sports ________. A．on the playgrounds B．by the rivers C．in the gyms D．in the parks 5．According to the passage and the survey, we know that ________. A．most people worry about the high price of houses B．13% people in Changsha think working in the city is bad C．the changes in Changsha make people enjoy living there D．the survey was made last week 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·内蒙古赤峰·期中）We produce a lot of rubbish every day. Where does all this rubbish go? Scientists have made a pyramid (金字塔) of the different ways of dealing with rubbish. The worst ways are at the bottom (底部) and the best ways are at the top. The bottom of the pyramid is waste disposal (丢弃). This means simply putting rubbish in places like open waste-yards. Waste-yards produce awful smells. They are harmful to the environment and our health. A landfill (垃圾填埋场) is a huge hollow that can hold rubbish. In some landfills, waste is treated to make it less harmful before it is buried. Once a landfill is full, it is safely covered with earth. A park or playground can be built on top of it then. Another way to deal with rubbish is to burn it. This produces energy but can give out harmful smells into the air. In some places, people clean the harmful smells before putting them into the air. In the middle of the pyramid is recycling. This means using rubbish to make new products. Used glass bottles, for example, can be changed to make new glass products. Waste paper can be broken up and mixed with water to make new paper. Reusing is another good way to deal with rubbish. This means using “waste” in another way. Buying and selling second-hand things online is a good example. Waste prevention is at the top of the pyramid. It means not producing rubbish in the first place. For example, you can say no to single-use plastic cups. Choose a glass instead! 1．The underlined word “hollow” in Paragraph 3 means “________”. A．park B．factory C．hole 2．How does the writer explain “recycling”? A．By giving some examples B．By listing some numbers. C．By making some surveys. 3．Which is the correct order of the missing parts about the pyramid of dealing with rubbish? a. Landfills     c. Waste prevention    b. Recycling     d. Reusing A．1—b, 2—c, 3—d, 4—a B．1—a, 2—d, 3—c, 4—b C．1—c, 2—b, 3—d, 4—a 4．What can we learn from the text? A．The best way to solve the rubbish is to burn it. B．Burying the rubbish without treatment does harm to us. C．A landfill is an open waste-yard where you throw rubbish everywhere. Passage 4 （25-26九年级上·云南·期中）Being green means protecting the environment in our daily life. The best way to do this is buying green products. But how do we know if a product is really green? We need to think about everything about the product. First, we should look at the materials of the products. Green products are made of natural materials. This is good for our health. Second, where a product is made and where we buy it are also important. We should try to buy local products, especially food. We can order directly from local farmers. Buying from shops near our homes is also a good idea, because we can go there without driving a car. Packaging (包装) is another thing we should think about. We should choose products that have glass, paper or other packaging that can be reused or recycled. We should also try to buy products that have less packaging or no packaging at all. The greenest thing we can do is not to buy unnecessary products. We should only buy things we really need, like food and clothes. If we don’t need something, we should leave it in the shop. This saves money, reduces waste, and helps keep the planet healthy. All in all, by buying green products, we can help make our planet a better place to live on. 1．According to Paragraph 1, what is the best way to be green? A．To produce useful products. B．To know how to be green. C．To shop for green products. D．To recycle used products. 2．The writer suggests buying food near our homes because ________. A．it takes shorter time B．it saves energy C．the food is fresher D．the food costs less 3．What does the underlined word “This” refer to? A．Buying only necessary products. B．Not shopping for anything. C．Shopping for important products. D．Buying only food and clothes. 4．Which is the correct structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Keeping Healthy B．Recycling Waste C．Buying Green Products D．Reducing Energy Use Passage 5 （25-26九年级上·福建泉州·阶段检测）Pollution has caused too many problems for our planet. But luckily, science and technology offer powerful tools to reduce its harm. Let’s explore how modern science and technology help deal with pollution. Finding Pollution Some advanced sensors (高级传感器) can tell people where there is pollution in real time. Small machines in cities check air quality, detecting harmful gases like CO and SO2. Satellites from space show plastic waste in oceans and chemical leaks (泄漏) in rivers. These tools help scientists find pollution sources quickly. For example, when a factory leaks dirty water, alarms make loud sounds to tell environmental agencies (环保机构) within minutes. Cleaning Tools For Air Smog Towers: Big machines clean dirty air (about 1,000 classrooms of air every day). Electric Buses: No smoke! Quiet and clean. For Water Water Filters: Special nets in factories catch chemicals. Boat Robots: Boat robots collect plastic bottles. For Waste Recycling AI-powered machines sort waste automatically (自动地). Plastic bottles are turned into clothing or 3D-printer materials. Future Helpers Scientists are trying to test some new ideas. They are making different helpers for solving the problems such as tiny robots, Hungry Bacteria Eat and CO Catcher. Tiny robots are smaller than sand! They “eat” oil in oceans. Hungry Bacteria Eat “eats” harmful things in soil. CO Catcher can suck bad gases in the air. What can Students Do? Students can use apps like “EcoTracker” to report dirty places. They can also join school recycling clubs. Besides, they can take simple water filters to science class. Remember: Small actions + big technology = clean Earth! Let’s work together to help protect our environment and be greener people! 1．How do satellites help fight pollution? A．They help build smog towers. B．They make electric buses run. C．They catch chemicals in factories. D．They show plastic waste in oceans. 2．What is the main purpose of “Smog Towers”? A．To sort rubbish for recycling. B．To measure air quality in cities. C．To clean a large amount of dirty air. D．To collect plastic bottles in rivers. 3．What does the underlined word “suck” mean? A．take in B．cut down C．put away D．care for 4．How many measures are mentioned about fighting pollution for students in the last paragraph? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．Where We can Find Pollution B．Some Tools for Reducing Pollution C．The Future of Science and Technology D．How Science and Technology Help Fight Pollution 主题03 人与自我——实践品质与工匠精神 Passage 6 （25-26九年级上·陕西西安·期中）The Steam Engine (蒸汽机）: Changing Our World The steam engine was one of the most important inventions in history. It started the Industrial Revolution (工业革命) and changed how people lived and worked. The story of steam power began long ago. About 2,000 years ago, a Greek inventor named Heron made a simple steam machine. But it was only used as a toy. For many years, nobody used steam for real work. This changed in the 17th century. Mines (矿井) often filled with water, stopping workers from getting coal. In 1698, an Englishman, Thomas Savery, built the first steam machine to take out water from mines. Later, a better and safer steam engine was made by Thomas Newcomen. However, it was still not efficient enough as it wasted a lot of energy. The biggest improvement came from James Watt. In the 1760s, he found a way to make steam engines work much better and use less energy. What’s more, his improved engine could power many kinds of machines. Soon, steam engines were used in factories, trains, and ships. They helped create the modern world. The steam engine’s story can help us think about today’s technology, like computers and data (数据). Just as the steam engine improved slowly over time, today’s “data revolution” is also happening step by step. Early steam engines were only useful near coal mines, where coal was cheap. Similarly, today we mostly use data from our phones and computers in simple ways. The real change came when steam engines became good enough to work anywhere. The same may happen with data. When we learn to use data in smarter ways in the real world, not just on screens, we might see amazing new changes. Like the inventors who made better steam engines, we need to think creatively to find these new possibilities. The steam engine changed the world in the past, and its story can help us prepare for the changes coming in our future. 1．The correct order of the events of the development of the steam engine is ________. a. James Watt improved steam engines the most. b. A Greek inventor made a steam toy. c. Thomas Savery built the first steam machine. d. Steam engines were widely used in factories, trains and ships. e. Thomas Newcomen made a safer steam engine. A．b-c-e-a-d B．c-b-e-a-d C．b-e-c-a-d D．c-e-b-a-d 2．What does the underlined word “efficient” mean? A．Being easy to carry and use. B．Doing jobs well without wasting time or energy. C．Dealing with problems quickly. D．Being popular in many countries. 3．From the text, we can infer (推断) that ________. A．steam engines were popular from the beginning B．important inventions often develop all of a sudden C．the real change may not come until we can use data in the real world D．the new technology of data has completely changed the world so far 4．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To introduce how to build a steam engine. B．To compare different kinds of steam engines. C．To explain why steam engines are no longer useful. D．To tell how the steam engine was developed and what it reminds us now. Passage 7 （25-26九年级上·吉林长春·期中）①Do you know how the microwave oven (微波炉) was invented? It all began with a surprising accident in the 1930s. Back then, a man named Percy Spencer worked at a company called Raytheon. The company was busy making machines for World War II, which were very important for the war effort. ②One day, when Percy was testing a new machine part called a magnetron (磁控管), he noticed something strange. A chocolate bar that he had put in his pocket earlier had melted (融化)! He didn’t feel any heat around him, so he wanted to find out why the chocolate had melted. ③Percy decided to do some simple research. First, he put a glass of water near the magnetron. Soon, the water boiled (煮沸) really fast—much faster than it does on a normal stove. Then, he tried heating an egg. To his surprise, the egg broke! Through these small tests, Percy realized that the microwaves from the magnetron could cook food quickly. ④Percy and his team then started working on a new kind of oven that used microwaves to cook food. In 1945, they made the first microwave oven. This first microwave was very bulky—it was about five feet tall and weighed over 700 pounds. It was also very expensive, so most families couldn’t buy it. Instead, it was mainly used in restaurants and on ships. ⑤Over the next few years, engineers kept working to improve microwave ovens. They made them smaller, cheaper, and safer for home use. By the 1970s, many families had microwave ovens in their kitchens. People loved them because cooking with microwaves was fast and easy. A meal that took hours to make with traditional ovens could be ready in minutes with a microwave! 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．When did Percy Spencer and his team make the first microwave oven? A．In the 1930s. B．In 1945. C．By the 1970s. D．During World War II. 2．Why was the first microwave mainly used in restaurants and on ships? A．Because it was very heavy and expensive. B．Because cooking with it was fast and easy. C．Because it was safe to use. D．Because there was a magnetron in it. 3．What does the underlined word “bulky” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Small and light. B．Large and heavy. C．Cheap and useful. D．Fast and safe. 4．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph1    ②=Paragraph 2...) A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．How Percy Spencer tested the magnetron and found its special function. B．The differences between the first microwave oven and modern ones. C．The history of how the microwave oven was invented and developed. D．Why microwave ovens became popular in families in the 1970s. Passage 8 （25-26九年级上·广东肇庆·期末）Drones (无人机), also called unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), were not always the common tools we see today. Their history is closely connected to military (军事的) use. It is believed that the first drones were developed in the early 20th century for military training. A big step forward happened during World War I when the first drones that could be controlled remotely (远程地) were tested. However, ________, so it’s difficult to produce. The real change began in the 21st century with improvements in technology. Smaller and cheaper sensors (传感器) and GPS systems were invented. This made it possible to produce consumer drones. In 2006, a company called DJI, which was founded in Shenzhen, China, started to develop easy-to-fly drones for the public. These drones were equipped with cameras and could take amazing photos and videos from the sky. Soon, drones were no longer just for the military. They became popular with photographers, farmers, and even delivery (配送) services. Today, drones are widely used around the world. Guangdong Province, especially Shenzhen, is considered a global center for drone making and improving. Drones are used for many purposes. It is clear that this invention has now changed many parts of our work and life. As technology continues to develop, who knows what new uses for drones will be invented in the future. 1．Which of the following can be put in “________” in Paragraph 1? A．drones were popular at that time B．these early drones were very expensive C．people discuss the cost of modern drones D．people introduce a famous drone company 2．According to Paragraph 2, what helped companies make drones for the public? A．The needs of the military. B．The support from the government. C．The improvements in some technologies. D．The invention of the first camera. 3．What does the underlined word “equipped” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Recalled. B．Provided. C．Nodded. D．Avoided. 4．Which of the following can be inferred (推断) from the passage? A．Drones were very common in the early 20th century. B．DJI was the first company to invent military drones. C．The development of drones in Shenzhen is mentioned to show its local importance. D．Drones are only useful for taking photos and making videos nowadays. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Military Use of Early Drones B．How DJI Became a Famous Company C．The Development and Popularization of Drones D．Drones’ Popular Uses in Guangdong Province / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题04阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题01人与社会一 家乡和社会变迁 Passage 1 1.D2.A3.B4.B5.C Passage 2 1.D2.D3.B4.C5.C Passage 3 1.C2.C3.B4.A5.B 主题02人与自然一 环境保护 Passage 4 1.C2.D3.A4.B5.C Passage 5 1.A2.C3.B4.A Passage 6 1.C2.B3.A4.A5.C 主题03人与自我 实践品质与工匠精神 Passage 7 1.C2.C3.A4.D5.D 113 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 8 1.B2.A3.B4.B5.C Passage 9 1.B2.A3.C4.D5.C 进阶提升 主题01人与社会一 家乡和社会的变迁 Passage 1 1.D2.D3.A4.B5.C Passage 2 1.B2.B3.A4.D5.C 主题02人与自然 —环境保护 Passage 3 1.C2.A3.C4.B Passage 4 1.C2.B3.A4.D5.C Passage 5 1.D2.C3.A4.B5.D 主题03人与自我一 实践品质与工匠精神 Passage 6 213 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 1.A2.B3.C4.D Passage 7 1.B2.A3.B4.C5.C Passage 8 1.B2.C3.B4.C5.C 3/3 专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——家乡和社会变迁 Passage 1 （26-27九年级上·江西赣州·阶段检测）Over the past ten years, great changes have taken place in the countryside of China. Bacha Village in Heilongjiang Province is one of them. The people there have become rich with the development of tourism (旅游业). You Mingfen, a 57-year-old local woman, opened a hotel in her own two-floor house. Her family also has a fishing boat. Her husband can use it to get fresh fish. They offer the fish to the guests from all over China and make the fish skin and bones into handmade gifts. They are very popular with visitors. “The busiest tourism season in Bacha Village lasts from May to October. It can bring us more than 50,000 yuan a year,” she said. “In winter, we can stay in a warm room and enjoy the leisure time. It was impossible before. At that time, we almost depended on fishing for a living.” Since 2016, the tourism industry in Bacha Village has developed rapidly. Last year, more than 60,000 tourists came here, and the income for each person in the village increased to 25,600 yuan. Now, the roads are wider, the houses are brighter and the living conditions are more comfortable. Thanks to the good policies of the government, villagers get more ways to make money. Many young people now come back from big cities and work in their own hometown. They can not only care for their families but also build their hometown. 1．What makes people in Bacha Village become rich? A．The development of education. B．The development of farming. C．The development of fishing. D．The development of tourism. 2．How long does the busiest tourist season last in Bacha Village? A．For 6 months. B．For 5 months. C．For 4 months. D．For 7 months. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The hotel. B．The fishing boat. C．The fresh fish. D．The two-floor house. 4．What has encouraged young people to return to Bacha Village? A．The increase in fishing opportunities B．The development of tourism. C．The rise in housing prices. D．The lack of job opportunities in big cities. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Fishing for a Living B．Beautiful Village Project C．Great Changes in Bacha Village D．The Tourism Industry in China 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了黑龙江省八岔村通过发展旅游业发生的巨大变化，包括村民收入增加、生活条件改善以及年轻人返乡建设家乡等内容。 【详解】 1．第一段指出“The people there have become rich with the development of tourism.”，说明是旅游业的发展让八岔村的人们富裕起来。 2．第三段提到“The busiest tourism season in Bacha Village lasts from May to October.”，5月到10月一共6个月。 3．第二段“Her family also has a fishing boat. Her husband can use it to get fresh fish.”，it指代前文提到的渔船。 4．第五段说明：得益于政府好政策与旅游业发展，村民有更多赚钱途径，很多年轻人从大城市返乡在家乡工作。旅游业发展吸引年轻人回到八岔村。 5．根据文章第1段“Over the past ten years, great changes have taken place in the countryside of China. Bacha Village in Heilongjiang Province is one of them.”和通读全文可知，全文围绕八岔村发生的巨大变化展开，包括经济、生活及人员流动等方面，Great Changes in Bacha Village为本文最佳标题。 Passage 2 （26-27九年级上·河南周口·阶段检测）It used to be common for people to move to big cities in search of job chances. However, in recent years, an increasing number of young people are doing the opposite, choosing to leave big cities for the countryside. The improved living conditions, transportation and internet service in the countryside have made this choice even easier. Now, they can enjoy a peaceful life with clean air and more space. Many young people usually find new job chances online or in local towns. Zhu Wenjing, a 23-year-old fashion design graduate (毕业生), is one of them. Looking forward to a more meaningful and peaceful life, she gave up her boring job and life in Hangzhou and moved to Yixian County. Now, she lives in Yixian and shares her outdoor travel experiences online, hoping to bring more visitors to the area. In Yixian County, the local government has built a special community to welcome young people like Zhu. The community stands by a small river. And it used to be an old liquor (酒水) factory. People there can easily reach the main road by crossing a century-old bridge. The community has a two-floor building with 58 rooms. In less than a year, about 500 people have lived there: computer workers, artists and businessmen. They work online while enjoying the quiet and natural beauty of the countryside. This new way of living is changing young people’s work styles. It also brings new chances and energy to the countryside. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Big cities are becoming more popular than before. B．The internet service in the countryside becomes better. C．People used to move to the countryside for job chances. D．More young people choose to work in the countryside now. 2．Why did Zhu Wenjing move to Yixian County? A．To become famous. B．To start a business. C．To learn about Chinese culture. D．To live a more meaningful and peaceful life. 3．What can we know about the community in Yixian County? A．It lies by an old road. B．It used to be a liquor factory. C．Zhu Wenjing runs the community. D．People live in the community for free. 4．What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The countryside. B．Working in big cities. C．The new way of living. D．The local government. 5．What can we infer (推断) from the text? A．Traveling is the best medicine. B．Living away from cities can improve health. C．Many young people are changing their working styles. D．The special community brings old lifestyles to people. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了近年来年轻人离开大城市前往乡村生活的趋势，通过朱文静的例子和黟县社区的情况，探讨了这种新生活方式带来的变化和影响。 【详解】 1．文章第1段“However, in recent years, an increasing number of young people are doing the opposite, choosing to leave big cities for the countryside.”表明第一段主旨是现在更多年轻人选择在乡村工作生活。 2．文章第2段“Looking forward to a more meaningful and peaceful life, she gave up her boring job and life in Hangzhou and moved to Yixian County.”表明朱文静搬到黟县是为了过上更有意义、平静的生活。 3．文章第3段“The community stands by a small river. And it used to be an old liquor factory.”表明这个社区的前身是一家酒厂。 4．文章第4段“This new way of living is changing young people’s work styles. It also brings new chances and energy to the countryside.”中代词It指代前一句的This new way of living。 5．文章第4段“This new way of living is changing young people’s work styles.”表明许多年轻人正在改变他们的工作方式。 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·四川成都·期中）Do you know how people change their consumption (消费) habits when their city starts to get richer? Take Shenzhen as an example. Shenzhen has interested lots of talented people since 2000 because of its rapid development. And the average income (平均收入) of people there is more than that in any other medium-sized city in China. So, how have people’s consumption habits changed after 25 years? Let’s have a look. The first is education. Education is very important for children in many people’s eyes. And getting a good education is very expensive in China. Parents spend more and more money on education, wishing that their kids will have a better future. They also spend a lot of money on communication tools. Some people have two smartphones and even their children have one. And almost every family has a computer. But they spend less on food. It is reported that because the income is increasing, people spend more money on entertainment (娱乐) or other things instead of eating. The biggest change, however, is the transportation. In 2000, only four or five families in every 100 owned a car. Now this number is different, and there are over four million cars in Shenzhen. People’s consumption habits have changed not only in Shenzhen but also in every place in China. That symbolizes we are richer and stronger now. It also tells the world China is developing very fast. 1．What has caused the change in people’s consumption habits in Shenzhen? A．The change of people’s minds. B．The change of the environment. C．The improvement of people’s lives. 2．What can we know about Shenzhen from Paragraph 2? A．It is the biggest medium-sized city in China. B．People there have the highest incomes in China. C．It is full of talent after developing for many years. 3．What change has the biggest influence on children? A．Food. B．Education. C．Transportation. 4．Which picture can show the changes in people’s consumption habits in Shenzhen? A． B． C． 5．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To interest more people in visiting Shenzhen. B．To show how much progress Shenzhen has made. C．To encourage more people to consume in Shenzhen. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是说明文，以深圳为研究对象，介绍了城市经济发展、居民收入提升后，人们在教育、通讯、食品、交通领域的消费习惯变化，以此反映深圳乃至中国的快速发展。 【详解】 1．根据文章第1段“Do you know how people change their consumption habits when their city starts to get richer?”以及第2段对深圳居民收入水平的介绍，可推知人们生活水平的提升是消费习惯变化的原因。 2．根据文章第2段“Shenzhen has interested lots of talented people since 2000 because of its rapid development.”可知，深圳经过多年发展吸引了大量人才，城市充满人才。 3．根据文章第3段“Education is very important for children in many people’s eyes. And getting a good education is very expensive in China. Parents spend more and more money on education, wishing that their kids will have a better future.”可知，教育方面的消费变化对孩子的影响最大。 4．根据文章第3-5段“Parents spend more and more money on education”、“They also spend a lot of money on communication tools”、“But they spend less on food”、“The biggest change, however, is the transportation”可知，深圳居民教育、通讯、交通支出上升，食品支出下降。图片1的柱状数据符合这一变化规律。 5．根据文章最后一段“People’s consumption habits have changed not only in Shenzhen but also in every place in China. That symbolizes we are richer and stronger now. It also tells the world China is developing very fast.”可知，作者写作本文是为了展示深圳取得的发展进步，体现中国的快速发展。 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 4 （河南周口市沈丘县等校2026-2027学年九年级上学期9月阶段检测英语试题）Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) play a big role in the ocean. They are home to many sea plants and animals. Healthy coral reefs also protect the shoreline (海岸线) from flooding during storms. Even if you live far from coral reefs, you can make efforts to protect them. Here are some tips. Don’t touch the coral reefs If you go diving and see coral reefs, don’t touch them.They are fragile (脆弱的). Don’t buy coral souvenirs (纪念品) It can take years for one piece of coral to grow back after someone has broken it. Don’t waste water The less water you use, the less wastewater finds its way back into the ocean. Plant treesPlanting trees can help fight global warming and keep ocean temperatures from rising. Keep beaches cleanRubbish on the beach can be washed into the ocean and harm coral reefs. Spread the wordShare what you know about coral reefs and their importance to the ocean with others. Use less plasticA lot of plastic waste ends up in the ocean. It can harm the coral reefs and make it hard for them to grow. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What can people know about coral reefs from Paragraph 1? A．They are home to many plants and animals on land. B．They can keep ocean temperatures from rising. C．They can protect the shoreline from flooding. D．They can give food to people. 2．Why does the writer suggest not buying coral souvenirs? A．Because coral reefs are fragile. B．Because they are expensive. C．Because they are not popular. D．Because broken coral takes years to grow back. 3．What result will plastic waste in the ocean bring to coral reefs? A．It will cause coral reefs to have difficulty growing. B．It can make coral reefs more expensive. C．It will improve coral reefs’ living environment. D．It can lead to the death of coral reefs. 4．How many tips are mentioned to protect coral reefs in the text? A．6. B．7. C．8. D．9. 5．Where can people probably read the text? A．In a history book. B．In a guide book. C．In a nature newspaper. D．In a fashion magazine. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了珊瑚礁在海洋中的重要作用，同时给出了7条普通人可践行的保护珊瑚礁的建议，倡导大众参与珊瑚礁保护。 【详解】 1．根据文章第一段“Healthy coral reefs also protect the shoreline from flooding during storms.”可知，珊瑚礁能够保护海岸线免受洪水侵袭。 2．根据文章“Don’t buy coral souvenirs”板块的“It can take years for one piece of coral to grow back after someone has broken it.”可知，破损的珊瑚需要数年才能重新生长，因此作者建议不要购买珊瑚纪念品。 3．根据文章“Use less plastic”板块的“It can harm the coral reefs and make it hard for them to grow.”可知，海洋中的塑料垃圾会导致珊瑚礁生长困难。 4．文中依次介绍了“Don’t touch the coral reefs”、“Don’t buy coral souvenirs”、“Don’t waste water”“Plant trees”、“Keep beaches clean”、“Spread the word”、“Use less plastic”，共7条保护珊瑚礁的建议。 5．本文主题为海洋自然生物珊瑚礁的保护科普，内容属于自然生态领域，最可能出现在自然类报纸中。 Passage 5 （25-26九年级上·内蒙古赤峰·期中）① Worried about the climate? There’s plenty to do to help your local environment. And small actions can make a difference. Here are five ideas to get you started. ② Count the birds Get closer to nature by becoming a citizen (市民) scientist. You could count birds, butterflies or even flowers in your garden. There are lots of citizen science projects to take part in. It’s a fun group activity, and your data (数据) can help scientists better understand our environment. ③ ________ Soil and water are some of the most important resources on our planet. By picking up litter in your area, you can stop plastics and other materials from polluting the land, parks, beaches and rivers. ④ Grow locally to eat locally Planting more fruit and nut trees and vegetables can create a local food supply. Eating locally can reduce carbon emitted (碳排放) by importing (进口) food from abroad. ⑤ Set up a library of things Internet shopping has made it easier to buy new things at the click of a button (按钮). But where is it all going to end up? First it will clutter (凌乱地塞满) your house, and then it’ll clutter the planet. Setting up a library of things can encourage local people to share everything from tools (工具) to toys. ⑥ Reclaim (收回) the streets Reducing car pollution is one of the ways we can reduce CO₂ emissions (排放) and improve air quality. Close your street for kids to play on the road safely for three hours a week. Getting more people to ride a bike is also a great way to reduce pollution. Start a community club in your area to help people be confident. 1．The underlined phrase “make a difference” in the passage can be replaced by “________”. A．have an effect B．succeed C．change everything 2．Which of the following phrases can be put in ________? A．Organize activities B．Save water and soil C．Pick up litter 3．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．Count birds to be scientists. B．Grow and eat locally. C．Set up a library for reading. 4．How is the text organized? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, …) A． B． C． 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是说明文，围绕可帮助改善当地环境的小行动展开，介绍了五种具体的环保做法，说明微小的行动也能为环境保护带来积极作用。 【详解】 1．根据文章第①段“Worried about the climate? There’s plenty to do to help your local environment. And small actions can make a difference.”，前文提到有很多可以帮助当地环境的做法，可推知划线短语表示“起作用、有影响”，与“have an effect”含义相近。 2．根据文章第③段“Soil and water are some of the most important resources on our planet. By picking up litter in your area, you can stop plastics and other materials from polluting the land, parks, beaches and rivers.”，该段围绕“捡垃圾”这一环保行动展开，介绍其保护水土的作用，因此段落小标题为Pick up litter。 3．根据文章第④段“Grow locally to eat locally”以及“Planting more fruit and nut trees and vegetables can create a local food supply. Eating locally can reduce carbon emitted by importing food from abroad.”，可知“本地种植、本地食用”是文中介绍的环保行动，符合文章内容。 4．文章第①段为总起段，引出“五种帮助当地环境的行动”的主题；第②至⑥段分别介绍五种具体的环保行动，属于总分结构。 Passage 6 （25-26九年级上·河南开封·阶段检测）Look around you—how many plastic (塑料) things can you find in your house? Most homes today are almost full of plastic, from water bottles to clothes, chairs, and even computers. Regretfully, so are our rivers and oceans. According to research, about 583 billion (十亿) plastic bottles were produced in 2021. That is 100 billion more than just five years ago. This year, five trillion (万亿) plastic bags are used. That’s 160,000 every second. Americans alone use half a million drinking straws (吸管) every day. However, very little of the plastic that goes into recycling bins can make it through the recycling process. It’s said that only around 9 percent of plastic is recycled. About 16 percent is burned for electricity or heat. The rest ends up in landfills (填埋场) or bodies of water. Not all the plastic things you put in your recycling bin can be recycled and reused. In most cases, plastic things can’t be used again if they have more than one kind of plastic in them. That’s because some plastics can’t be mixed together. How about those plastic things that are able to be recycled at a recycling center? First, workers make sure that each plastic is clean. After that, the plastic things are made into small pieces. At last, they are melted (熔化) and used to create new things. One of the commonly seen products is new plastic bottles. Recycled plastic can also be used to make clothes, pens, pencils, and building materials! 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．We can’t live without plastic. B．We shouldn’t make plastic things. C．People should worry about plastic. D．People won’t use plastic things any more. 2．How does the writer show plastic is a problem in Paragraph 2? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By describing a scene. 3．How much plastic can be recycled according to Paragraph 3? A．About 9%. B．About 16%. C．About 25%. D．About 75%. 4．Why can’t all the plastic things be recycled or reused? A．Because they have more than one kind of plastic in them. B．Because they aren’t put in the recycling bin. C．Because they are valuable and helpful to us. D．Because they are used to create new things. 5．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．How people create plastic things. B．Why plastic things have to be recycled. C．What happens to recycled plastic things. D．Where plastic things go after they are thrown away. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了塑料污染的严峻现状、塑料回收利用率低的原因以及可回收塑料的处理过程和用途。 【详解】 1．根据文章第1段“Regretfully, so are our rivers and oceans.”可知塑料污染已经蔓延到河流和海洋，情况令人遗憾，暗示人们应该担心塑料带来的环境问题。 2．根据文章第2段“about 583 billion plastic bottles were produced in 2021. That is 100 billion more than just five years ago.”可知，作者通过列举大量具体的数字来说明塑料使用量巨大，是一个严重的问题。 3．根据文章第3段“It’s said that only around 9 percent of plastic is recycled.”可知，只有大约 9% 的塑料被回收再使用。 4．根据文章第4段“plastic things can’t be used again if they have more than one kind of plastic in them.”可知，因为部分塑料物品中含有不止一种塑料，导致它们无法被混合回收再利用。 5．根据文章第5段“How about those plastic things that are able to be recycled at a recycling center? ...used to create new things.”可知，本段主要介绍了可回收塑料经过处理后的去向及用途，即回收后的塑料物品发生了什么。 主题03 人与自我——实践品质与工匠精神 Passage 7 （25-26九年级上·山东德州·阶段检测）At Alexandria Country Day School in Virginia, a group of sixth-graders had a special project. They used 3D printers to create mini 3D-printed model villages which were designed (设计) for homeless people. The students got the idea from a company called Icon, which makes homes with 3D printers. They want to make cheap housing for everyone. Icon’s homes are made of concrete-like (混凝土类) materials, which are very cheap. And building these homes just takes a few days. Allison McDonald is the science teacher and the director of the sixth-grade project. She said “Through the project, the students not only learned about invention and teamwork, but they also learned to understand the real needs of homeless people.” While creating their mini 3D buildings the students explored (探索) how such technology allows the freedom of design and how to better use the technology in daily life. They said getting the details (细节) correct before printing was hard. Putting a lot of thought into their communities, they made houses, stores, and schools. Besides, they also made churches, health centers, community gardens, theaters and even bus stops to make the people who will live there get a sense of belonging (归属感). Amber Fogarty is the president of Mobile Loaves & Fishes. It is an organization (组织) in Austin, Texas and provides homes for people in need for free. After learning about the students’ project, Amber said, “Both the project and the students are excellent! Imagine the possibilities. How can you use your brains and hearts to solve problems? I don’t know what the future holds with 3D printing. But the possibilities are very exciting. It is a journey of discovery.” 1．For whom were the mini 3D-printed model villages designed? A．School students. B．School teachers. C．People without homes. D．Schools in Virginia. 2．According to the passage, the 3D-printed homes _________. A．can be built anywhere and anytime B．are very strong and easy to be built C．are built in a short time and at low cost D．are beautiful and good for the environment 3．How did the students make people in the villages have a sense of belonging? A．By making many places that are common in daily life. B．By studying how to use 3D printing technology in daily life. C．By getting everything that people need ready before printing. D．By thinking the connection between 3D printing technology and design 4．Which of the following about the students and their project is NOT true? A．The students got the idea from Icon. B．The students learned a lot from the project. C．The project won high praise from Amber Fogarty. D．The project helped the students get a chance to study at Icon. 5．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To ask us to care about people in need. B．To talk about the future of 3D printing. C．To encourage students to learn 3D printing. D．To introduce a 3D-printing project of sixth-graders. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了弗吉尼亚州亚历山大乡村日学校的一群六年级学生利用3D打印机为无家可归者创建迷你模型村庄的特殊项目，介绍了项目的灵感来源、实施过程、学生收获及外界评价。 【详解】 1．根据文章第一段中的“They used 3D printers to create mini 3D-printed model villages which were designed (设计) for homeless people.”可知，这些迷你3D打印模型村庄是为无家可归者设计的，即没有家的人。 2．根据文章第二段中的“Icon’s homes are made of concrete-like (混凝土类) materials, which are very cheap. And building these homes just takes a few days.”可知，3D打印房屋由廉价材料制成且建造时间短，即成本低且耗时短。 3．根据文章第三段中的“Putting a lot of thought into their communities, they made houses, stores, and schools. Besides, they also made churches, health centers, community gardens, theaters and even bus stops to make the people who will live there get a sense of belonging (归属感).”可知，学生通过建造日常生活中常见的多种场所，让居住在那里的人们产生归属感。 4．根据文章第二段中的“The students got the idea from a company called Icon, which makes homes with 3D printers.”及全文内容可知，文中介绍了项目的灵感来源、学生收获及外界评价，未提及该项目帮助学生获得在Icon公司学习的机会。 5．根据文章第一段中的“At Alexandria Country Day School in Virginia, a group of sixth-graders had a special project.”及全文内容可知，文章主要围绕六年级学生的3D打印项目展开，旨在介绍六年级学生的一个3D打印项目。 Passage 8 （25-26九年级上·四川成都·期中）Ancient China’s excellent inventions in technology still influence our daily lives today. Let’s take a look at some of them. 1. Papermaking Paper is one of the most game-changing Chinese inventions. The traditional way of making paper is to put plant fibers (纤维) in water, beat the fibers to make them softer, mix the fibers and water together to make the slurry (浆料) and then dry it. When it’s dried, people can use it for writing and painting. This invention totally changed people’s ways of communicating and keeping records. 2. Gunpowder Gunpowder was invented in China around the 9th century. At first, people used it for medical purposes. Some old books say it was used to help with things like stomachaches or to treat small wounds (伤口). But soon, people noticed how powerful it was when it burned. It wasn’t long before people used it in war to beat enemies (敌人). 3. Printing The Chinese invention of movable type printing (活字印刷术) changed the way people pass down knowledge. It made it possible to produce many books. Printers could pick out the needed characters, put them together in a frame (框架), and start printing. As a result, it helped people to share ideas and information. 4. The compass In ancient times, Chinese people invented the compass. At first, it was used for telling directions. Later, people started to use it for sea shipping (海运). This tool was essential in the Age of Exploration (探险时代), as it opened the world to international trade. 1．What is the right order for making paper? a. Mix the fibers and water together.    b. Dry the slurry. c. Beat the fibers.        d. Put plant fibers in water. A．a→d→c→b B．d→c→a→b C．d→b→a→c 2．According to the text, how did people’s use of gunpowder change? A．From medical use to war use. B．From shipping use to war use. C．From war use to medical use. 3．Which invention should writers thank when sharing their ideas quickly? A．Gunpowder. B．Printing. C．The compass. 4．What does the underlined word “essential” mean in the context? A．Possible B．Important C．Interesting 5．In which unit of the textbook can we see the passage? A．Unit 1 History of Ancient China B．Unit 2 Traditional Chinese Customs C．Unit 3 Ancient Chinese Inventions 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了中国古代造纸术、火药、活字印刷术、指南针四项杰出发明的相关情况，说明了各项发明的用途与对社会发展产生的影响。 【详解】 1．根据文章Papermaking部分“The traditional way of making paper is to put plant fibers in water, beat the fibers to make them softer, mix the fibers and water together to make the slurry and then dry it.”可推知，造纸的步骤依次是将植物纤维放入水中、捶打纤维、混合纤维与水制成浆料、干燥浆料，对应顺序为d→c→a→b。 2．根据文章Gunpowder部分“At first, people used it for medical purposes... It wasn’t long before people used it in war to beat enemies.”可推知，火药的用途从最初的医疗用途转变为战争用途。 3．根据文章Printing部分“As a result, it helped people to share ideas and information.”可推知，印刷术能够帮助人们分享想法与信息，作家快速分享想法应当感谢印刷术。 4．根据文章The compass部分“as it opened the world to international trade”可推知，指南针推动了国际贸易的发展，在探险时代是十分重要的工具，因此essential的意思是“重要的”。 5．根据文章首段“Ancient China’s excellent inventions in technology still influence our daily lives today. Let’s take a look at some of them.”及全文内容可推知，全文围绕中国古代发明展开介绍，因此会出现在“中国古代发明”相关的教材单元中。 Passage 9 （25-26九年级上·甘肃天水·期中）Bi Sheng was born in the Song Dynasty. He lived in a small village which lies in Huanggang today. He invented the printing around 1040 AD (公元). He was the world’s first inventor of the printing. It is about 400 years earlier than the printing in Germany. The printing is also called the movable-type printing (活字印刷). But how did it work in the past? First of all, the clay was made into movable types. Then words were engraved (雕刻) carefully onto the types. After that the words were chosen and put in the right order in a box according to the text. Next, the workers brushed ink onto the movable types. Finally, the types could be used for printing. They could be used again and again for different books. The movable-type printing plays an important role in Chinese culture. With the help of it, Chinese culture spread around the world more quickly. At the same time, the movable-type printing was widely used in the world at that time. As a result, more and more cultural communication among countries took place. The movable-type printing, the compass (指南针), gunpowder and the paper-making are called four great inventions of China. They make China own an important and even top position in the history of human civilization (文明). 1．When was the movable-type printing invented________. A．About 600 years ago. B．Around 1040 AD． C．Before the Song Dynasty. D．About 400 years ago. 2．What should the workers do after the words were chosen and put in right order? A．Brush ink onto the types. B．Make the clay into movable types. C．Print by using the types. D．Engrave words onto the types. 3．How many steps were there in the movable-type printing? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 4．What does the word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．the compass B．gunpowder C．the paper-making D．the movable-type printing 5．What’s the passage mainly about? A．Four great inventions and their position in the history of human civilization. B．Bi Sheng invented the movable-type printing after trying many times. C．The movable-type printing and its importance for cultural communication. D．How Bi Sheng invented the movable-type printing in the Song Dynasty. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍毕昇在宋代发明活字印刷术，介绍活字印刷的操作步骤以及活字印刷术对文化传播的重要作用。 【详解】 1．根据第一段“ He invented the printing around 1040 AD (公元).”可知活字印刷术大约在公元1040年发明。 2．根据第三段“After that the words were chosen and put in right order in a box according to the text. Next, the workers brushed ink onto the movable types.”可知选字排序完成后，工人需要在活字上刷墨。 3．根据第三段“First of all, the clay was made into movable types. Then words were engraved carefully onto the types. After that the words were chosen and put in right order in a box according to the text. Next, the workers brushed ink onto the movable types. Finally the types could be used for printing.”可知活字印刷共有五个步骤。 4．根据第四段“The movable-type printing plays an important role in Chinese culture. With the help of it…”可知it指代前文的活字印刷术。 5．根据第四段“The movable-type printing plays an important role in Chinese culture. With the help of it, Chinese culture spread around the world more quickly. At the same time, the movable-type printing was widely used in the world at that time.”可知文章介绍活字印刷术以及它在文化交流方面的重要意义。 主题01 人与社会——家乡和社会的变迁 Passage 1 （24-25九年级上·福建泉州·阶段检测）Over the past ten years, great changes have taken place in the countryside of China. Bacha Village in Heilongjiang Province is one of them. The people there have become rich with the development of tourism (旅游业). You Mingfen, a 57- year- old local woman, opened a hotel in her own two- floor house. Her family also has a fishing boat. Her husband can use it to get the fresh fish. They offer the fish to the guests from all over China and make the fish skin and bones into hand- made gifts. They are very popular with visitors. “The busiest tourism season in Bacha lasts from May to October. It can bring us more than 50,000 yuan a year,” she said, “in winter, we can stay in a warm room and enjoy the leisure time. It was impossible before. At that time, we almost depended on fishing for a living.” Since 2016, the tourism industry in Bacha Village has developed rapidly. The tourism industry in Bacha brings earnings for the villagers. Last year, more than60,000 visitors came here, and the income for each person in the village increased to 25,600 yuan. Now, the roads are wider, the houses are brighter and the living conditions are more comfortable. Thanks to the good policies of the government, villagers get more ways to make money. Many young people now come back from big cities and work in their own hometown. They can not only care for their families but also build their hometown. 1．The development of _________ makes people in Bacha become rich. A．education B．farming C．fishing D．tourism 2．Which of the following about You Mingfen is TRUE? A．She is 75 years old. B．She has a one- floor house. C．She is busier in winter. D．Her gifts are well- liked by visitors. 3．The underlined word “income” in Paragraph 4 means “_________” in Chinese. A．收入 B．支出 C．成本 D．税收 4．What has encouraged young people to return to Bacha Village? A．The rise in housing prices. B．The development of tourism. C．The increase in fishing opportunities. D．The lack of job opportunities in big cities. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Fishing for a Living B．“Beautiful Villages” Project C．Great Changes in Bacha D．The Tourism Industry in China 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文以黑龙江八岔村为例，介绍了在中国好政策的指导下，社会发展，人民致富的繁荣景象。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“The people there have become rich with the development of tourism (旅游业).”可知，随着旅游业的发展，八岔村的村民变富裕了。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“ They offer the fish to the guests from all over China and make the fish skin and bones into hand- made gifts. They are very popular with visitors.”可知她做的手工礼品很受游客欢迎。故选D。 3．  词句猜测题。根据“Last year, more than 60, 000 tourists came here,  each person in the village increased to 25, 600 yuan”可知，游客增加，那么人均收入也要增加，因此划线部分是“收入”的意思。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“The people there have become rich with the development of tourism ( 旅游业).”以及“Thanks to the good policies of the government, villagers get more ways to make money. Many young people now come back from big cities and work in their own hometown.”可知，由于旅游业的发展，从而鼓励年轻人回家乡创业。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。通过阅读全文 ，我们知道文章主要讲的是旅游业的发展对八岔村带来的好的变化。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24九年级上·河南周口·期末）As we know, Changsha has changed a lot in the past few years. People’s living conditions have improved a lot. The buildings are becoming taller and brighter. People can buy all kinds of food and clothes in the supermarkets. Trees are being planted every year and more gardens have appeared. Every morning, you can see many people do sports in the parks. Most of the people feel much safer on the streets now. The changes make the people in the city live a happy life. The small survey below is from people in Changsha. One hundred persons were chosen (被选出来) to answer the questions last month. What they want Health Safety Food 62% 30% 8% Where they like to live In a quieter place In a busier place In a greener place 48% 2% 50% What they think of working in the city Bad Good No idea 10% 77% 13% What they worry about The high price of houses Medical care The education cost 42% 39% 19% 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．From the survey, ________ of the people in Changsha care about safety. A．62% B．30% C．8% D．66% 2．77% of the people think working in Changsha is ________. A．bad B．good C．hard D．sad 3．From the survey, we know very few people want to live ________. A．in a busier place B．in a quieter place C．in a greener place D．on a mountain 4．Every morning, you can see many people do sports ________. A．on the playgrounds B．by the rivers C．in the gyms D．in the parks 5．According to the passage and the survey, we know that ________. A．most people worry about the high price of houses B．13% people in Changsha think working in the city is bad C．the changes in Changsha make people enjoy living there D．the survey was made last week 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了长沙近些年来发生了很大的改变，人们的生活水平有了很大提高，文中从四个方面对长沙市民做了一项调查报告。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据表格中“Safety：30%”可知，长沙有30%的人关注安全。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据表格中“What they think of working in the city：Good：77%”可知，77%的人认为在长沙工作很好。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据表格中“In a quieter place：48%，In a busier place：2%，In a greener place：50%”可知，很少人喜欢在繁忙的地方居住。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Every morning, you can see many people do sports in the parks.”可知，每天早上有很多人在公园里做运动。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据“The changes make the people in the city live a happy life. ”可知，这些变化使城市里的人们过上了幸福的生活，故推断出人们喜欢住在长沙。故选C。 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·内蒙古赤峰·期中）We produce a lot of rubbish every day. Where does all this rubbish go? Scientists have made a pyramid (金字塔) of the different ways of dealing with rubbish. The worst ways are at the bottom (底部) and the best ways are at the top. The bottom of the pyramid is waste disposal (丢弃). This means simply putting rubbish in places like open waste-yards. Waste-yards produce awful smells. They are harmful to the environment and our health. A landfill (垃圾填埋场) is a huge hollow that can hold rubbish. In some landfills, waste is treated to make it less harmful before it is buried. Once a landfill is full, it is safely covered with earth. A park or playground can be built on top of it then. Another way to deal with rubbish is to burn it. This produces energy but can give out harmful smells into the air. In some places, people clean the harmful smells before putting them into the air. In the middle of the pyramid is recycling. This means using rubbish to make new products. Used glass bottles, for example, can be changed to make new glass products. Waste paper can be broken up and mixed with water to make new paper. Reusing is another good way to deal with rubbish. This means using “waste” in another way. Buying and selling second-hand things online is a good example. Waste prevention is at the top of the pyramid. It means not producing rubbish in the first place. For example, you can say no to single-use plastic cups. Choose a glass instead! 1．The underlined word “hollow” in Paragraph 3 means “________”. A．park B．factory C．hole 2．How does the writer explain “recycling”? A．By giving some examples B．By listing some numbers. C．By making some surveys. 3．Which is the correct order of the missing parts about the pyramid of dealing with rubbish? a. Landfills     c. Waste prevention    b. Recycling     d. Reusing A．1—b, 2—c, 3—d, 4—a B．1—a, 2—d, 3—c, 4—b C．1—c, 2—b, 3—d, 4—a 4．What can we learn from the text? A．The best way to solve the rubbish is to burn it. B．Burying the rubbish without treatment does harm to us. C．A landfill is an open waste-yard where you throw rubbish everywhere. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了垃圾处理方式的金字塔结构，金字塔底部为最差的垃圾处理方式，顶部为最好的处理方式，文章依次说明了不同层级垃圾处理方式的特点与优劣。 【详解】 1．根据文章第3段“A landfill (垃圾填埋场) is a huge hollow that can hold rubbish.” 可知，hollow是用来容纳垃圾的大型结构，结合垃圾填埋场的特征，可推知hollow意为“洞”，与hole含义相近。 2．根据文章第5段“Used glass bottles, for example, can be changed to make new glass products. Waste paper can be broken up and mixed with water to make new paper.” 可知，作者通过举旧玻璃瓶、废纸回收利用的例子来解释“回收”的含义，采用了举例子的说明方式。 3．根据文章第7段“Waste prevention is at the top of the pyramid.” 可知金字塔最顶端（位置1）是Waste prevention（c）；根据第5段“In the middle of the pyramid is recycling.” 和第6段“Reusing is another good way to deal with rubbish.” 可知金字塔中间层（位置2、3）是Recycling（b）和Reusing（d）；根据第2段“The bottom of the pyramid is waste disposal (丢弃). This means simply putting rubbish in places like open waste-yards.” 以及第3段对垃圾填埋场的介绍，可知最底层的垃圾丢弃类包含露天垃圾场和垃圾填埋场，因此位置4是Landfills（a）。对应顺序为1—c, 2—b, 3—d, 4—a。 4．根据文章第3段“In some landfills, waste is treated to make it less harmful before it is buried.” 可知，部分填埋场会在填埋前处理垃圾以降低危害性，由此可推知未经处理就填埋垃圾会对我们有害。 Passage 4 （25-26九年级上·云南·期中）Being green means protecting the environment in our daily life. The best way to do this is buying green products. But how do we know if a product is really green? We need to think about everything about the product. First, we should look at the materials of the products. Green products are made of natural materials. This is good for our health. Second, where a product is made and where we buy it are also important. We should try to buy local products, especially food. We can order directly from local farmers. Buying from shops near our homes is also a good idea, because we can go there without driving a car. Packaging (包装) is another thing we should think about. We should choose products that have glass, paper or other packaging that can be reused or recycled. We should also try to buy products that have less packaging or no packaging at all. The greenest thing we can do is not to buy unnecessary products. We should only buy things we really need, like food and clothes. If we don’t need something, we should leave it in the shop. This saves money, reduces waste, and helps keep the planet healthy. All in all, by buying green products, we can help make our planet a better place to live on. 1．According to Paragraph 1, what is the best way to be green? A．To produce useful products. B．To know how to be green. C．To shop for green products. D．To recycle used products. 2．The writer suggests buying food near our homes because ________. A．it takes shorter time B．it saves energy C．the food is fresher D．the food costs less 3．What does the underlined word “This” refer to? A．Buying only necessary products. B．Not shopping for anything. C．Shopping for important products. D．Buying only food and clothes. 4．Which is the correct structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Keeping Healthy B．Recycling Waste C．Buying Green Products D．Reducing Energy Use 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是说明文，围绕“购买绿色产品”展开，介绍了判断产品是否环保的多个考量维度，包括产品材料、生产与购买地点、包装、按需购买，最后点明购买绿色产品有助于保护地球环境。 【详解】 1．根据第一段“The best way to do this is buying green products.”可知，践行环保的最佳方式是购买绿色产品。 2．根据第三段“Buying from shops near our homes is also a good idea, because we can go there without driving a car.”可知，在家附近的商店购物无需开车，能够节省能源。 3．根据第五段“We should only buy things we really need, like food and clothes. If we don’t need something, we should leave it in the shop.”可知，划线词“This”指代的是“只购买必需的产品”这一行为。 4．文章第一段总起，引出“如何判断产品是否为绿色产品”的话题；第二到五段分别从材料、购买地点、包装、按需购买四个方面，具体说明判断绿色产品的考量因素；第六段总结全文，点明购买绿色产品的意义，属于“总-分-总”结构，对应选项D的图示。 5．全文围绕“购买绿色产品”展开，介绍了判断绿色产品的方法与相关环保理念，“Buying Green Products”最能概括全文核心内容，是最合适的标题。 Passage 5 （25-26九年级上·福建泉州·阶段检测）Pollution has caused too many problems for our planet. But luckily, science and technology offer powerful tools to reduce its harm. Let’s explore how modern science and technology help deal with pollution. Finding Pollution Some advanced sensors (高级传感器) can tell people where there is pollution in real time. Small machines in cities check air quality, detecting harmful gases like CO and SO2. Satellites from space show plastic waste in oceans and chemical leaks (泄漏) in rivers. These tools help scientists find pollution sources quickly. For example, when a factory leaks dirty water, alarms make loud sounds to tell environmental agencies (环保机构) within minutes. Cleaning Tools For Air Smog Towers: Big machines clean dirty air (about 1,000 classrooms of air every day). Electric Buses: No smoke! Quiet and clean. For Water Water Filters: Special nets in factories catch chemicals. Boat Robots: Boat robots collect plastic bottles. For Waste Recycling AI-powered machines sort waste automatically (自动地). Plastic bottles are turned into clothing or 3D-printer materials. Future Helpers Scientists are trying to test some new ideas. They are making different helpers for solving the problems such as tiny robots, Hungry Bacteria Eat and CO Catcher. Tiny robots are smaller than sand! They “eat” oil in oceans. Hungry Bacteria Eat “eats” harmful things in soil. CO Catcher can suck bad gases in the air. What can Students Do? Students can use apps like “EcoTracker” to report dirty places. They can also join school recycling clubs. Besides, they can take simple water filters to science class. Remember: Small actions + big technology = clean Earth! Let’s work together to help protect our environment and be greener people! 1．How do satellites help fight pollution? A．They help build smog towers. B．They make electric buses run. C．They catch chemicals in factories. D．They show plastic waste in oceans. 2．What is the main purpose of “Smog Towers”? A．To sort rubbish for recycling. B．To measure air quality in cities. C．To clean a large amount of dirty air. D．To collect plastic bottles in rivers. 3．What does the underlined word “suck” mean? A．take in B．cut down C．put away D．care for 4．How many measures are mentioned about fighting pollution for students in the last paragraph? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．Where We can Find Pollution B．Some Tools for Reducing Pollution C．The Future of Science and Technology D．How Science and Technology Help Fight Pollution 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了现代科学技术从污染排查、污染清理、未来技术探索等维度助力应对污染问题，同时也提及了学生可结合相关工具参与环保的方式，点明科技能为打造清洁地球提供强大助力。 【详解】 1．根据“Finding Pollution”中“Satellites from space show plastic waste in oceans and chemical leaks (泄漏) in rivers.”可知，卫星的作用是显示海洋中的塑料废物。 2．根据“Cleaning Tools”表格中“For Air”一栏的内容“Smog Towers: Big machines clean dirty air”可知，雾霾塔的主要目的是清洁大量脏空气。 3．根据“Future Helpers”中“CO Catcher can suck bad gases in the air.”结合语境，捕捉器的作用应该是“吸入”或“吸收”有害气体，“suck”意为“吸入，吸收”，与take in意思一致。 4．根据最后一段“What can Students Do?”的内容，提到的措施有：use apps like “EcoTracker” to report dirty places；join school recycling clubs；take simple water filters to science class，共三项措施。 5．文章第一段开篇点题“science and technology offer powerful tools to reduce its harm. Let’s explore how modern science and technology help deal with pollution.”，全文围绕科技如何帮助发现、清理污染以及学生如何利用科技保护环境展开。选项D“How Science and Technology Help Fight Pollution”最能概括全文主旨。 主题03 人与自我——实践品质与工匠精神 Passage 6 （25-26九年级上·陕西西安·期中）The Steam Engine (蒸汽机）: Changing Our World The steam engine was one of the most important inventions in history. It started the Industrial Revolution (工业革命) and changed how people lived and worked. The story of steam power began long ago. About 2,000 years ago, a Greek inventor named Heron made a simple steam machine. But it was only used as a toy. For many years, nobody used steam for real work. This changed in the 17th century. Mines (矿井) often filled with water, stopping workers from getting coal. In 1698, an Englishman, Thomas Savery, built the first steam machine to take out water from mines. Later, a better and safer steam engine was made by Thomas Newcomen. However, it was still not efficient enough as it wasted a lot of energy. The biggest improvement came from James Watt. In the 1760s, he found a way to make steam engines work much better and use less energy. What’s more, his improved engine could power many kinds of machines. Soon, steam engines were used in factories, trains, and ships. They helped create the modern world. The steam engine’s story can help us think about today’s technology, like computers and data (数据). Just as the steam engine improved slowly over time, today’s “data revolution” is also happening step by step. Early steam engines were only useful near coal mines, where coal was cheap. Similarly, today we mostly use data from our phones and computers in simple ways. The real change came when steam engines became good enough to work anywhere. The same may happen with data. When we learn to use data in smarter ways in the real world, not just on screens, we might see amazing new changes. Like the inventors who made better steam engines, we need to think creatively to find these new possibilities. The steam engine changed the world in the past, and its story can help us prepare for the changes coming in our future. 1．The correct order of the events of the development of the steam engine is ________. a. James Watt improved steam engines the most. b. A Greek inventor made a steam toy. c. Thomas Savery built the first steam machine. d. Steam engines were widely used in factories, trains and ships. e. Thomas Newcomen made a safer steam engine. A．b-c-e-a-d B．c-b-e-a-d C．b-e-c-a-d D．c-e-b-a-d 2．What does the underlined word “efficient” mean? A．Being easy to carry and use. B．Doing jobs well without wasting time or energy. C．Dealing with problems quickly. D．Being popular in many countries. 3．From the text, we can infer (推断) that ________. A．steam engines were popular from the beginning B．important inventions often develop all of a sudden C．the real change may not come until we can use data in the real world D．the new technology of data has completely changed the world so far 4．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To introduce how to build a steam engine. B．To compare different kinds of steam engines. C．To explain why steam engines are no longer useful. D．To tell how the steam engine was developed and what it reminds us now. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了蒸汽机的发展历史，从早期的玩具到工业革命的关键发明，并结合现代数据技术探讨了其带来的启示，旨在通过历史经验帮助人们准备未来的技术变革。 【详解】 1．根据文章第二段“About 2,000 years ago, a Greek inventor named Heron made a simple steam machine.”可知b最早；根据第三段“In 1698, an Englishman, Thomas Savery, built the first steam machine... Later, a better and safer steam engine was made by Thomas Newcomen.”可知顺序为c然后e；根据第四段“The biggest improvement came from James Watt. In the 1760s... Soon, steam engines were soon used in factories, trains, and ships.”可知顺序为a然后d。综合时间线为b-c-e-a-d。 2．根据文章第三段“However, it was still not efficient enough as it wasted a lot of energy.”可知，efficient的反面是浪费能量，因此efficient意味着不浪费能量且工作效果好，与“Doing jobs well without wasting time or energy”含义一致。 3．根据文章第六段“When we learn to use data in smarter ways in the real world, not just on screens, we might see amazing new changes.”可知，真正的变革发生在我们将数据更聪明地应用于现实世界时，与选项C表述相符。 4．根据文章标题“The Steam Engine: Changing Our World”及最后一段“The steam engine changed the world in the past, and its story can help us prepare for the changes coming in our future.”可知，文章不仅介绍了蒸汽机的发展历程，更旨在通过其故事为未来技术变革提供启示，目的是展示发展过程及从中获得的借鉴。 Passage 7 （25-26九年级上·吉林长春·期中）①Do you know how the microwave oven (微波炉) was invented? It all began with a surprising accident in the 1930s. Back then, a man named Percy Spencer worked at a company called Raytheon. The company was busy making machines for World War II, which were very important for the war effort. ②One day, when Percy was testing a new machine part called a magnetron (磁控管), he noticed something strange. A chocolate bar that he had put in his pocket earlier had melted (融化)! He didn’t feel any heat around him, so he wanted to find out why the chocolate had melted. ③Percy decided to do some simple research. First, he put a glass of water near the magnetron. Soon, the water boiled (煮沸) really fast—much faster than it does on a normal stove. Then, he tried heating an egg. To his surprise, the egg broke! Through these small tests, Percy realized that the microwaves from the magnetron could cook food quickly. ④Percy and his team then started working on a new kind of oven that used microwaves to cook food. In 1945, they made the first microwave oven. This first microwave was very bulky—it was about five feet tall and weighed over 700 pounds. It was also very expensive, so most families couldn’t buy it. Instead, it was mainly used in restaurants and on ships. ⑤Over the next few years, engineers kept working to improve microwave ovens. They made them smaller, cheaper, and safer for home use. By the 1970s, many families had microwave ovens in their kitchens. People loved them because cooking with microwaves was fast and easy. A meal that took hours to make with traditional ovens could be ready in minutes with a microwave! 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．When did Percy Spencer and his team make the first microwave oven? A．In the 1930s. B．In 1945. C．By the 1970s. D．During World War II. 2．Why was the first microwave mainly used in restaurants and on ships? A．Because it was very heavy and expensive. B．Because cooking with it was fast and easy. C．Because it was safe to use. D．Because there was a magnetron in it. 3．What does the underlined word “bulky” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Small and light. B．Large and heavy. C．Cheap and useful. D．Fast and safe. 4．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph1    ②=Paragraph 2...) A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．How Percy Spencer tested the magnetron and found its special function. B．The differences between the first microwave oven and modern ones. C．The history of how the microwave oven was invented and developed. D．Why microwave ovens became popular in families in the 1970s. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了微波炉的发明与发展历史。 【详解】 1．根据文章第④段中的“In 1945, they made the first microwave oven.”可知，Percy Spencer和团队在1945年制造出了第一台微波炉。 2．根据文章第④段中的“This first microwave was very bulky—it was about five feet tall and weighed over 700 pounds. It was also very expensive, so most families couldn’t buy it. Instead, it was mainly used in restaurants and on ships.”可知，第一台微波炉体积大、重量大且价格昂贵，普通家庭负担不起，因此主要在餐馆和船上使用。 3．根据文章第④段中的“This first microwave was very bulky—it was about five feet tall and weighed over 700 pounds.”可知，它大约有五英尺高，重超过700磅，可推知，划线词意为“又大又重的”。 4．通读全文，第①段：总起，引出微波炉发明的核心话题；②—⑤段分述：分别从意外发现、实验验证、首台诞生、改进普及四个阶段分述微波炉的发展历程，可知文章为“总—分”结构。 5．通读全文，文章从微波炉发明的意外缘由讲起，依次介绍了微波烹饪作用的发现、首台微波炉的诞生、微波炉的改进与普及，核心围绕微波炉的发明和发展历史展开。 Passage 8 （25-26九年级上·广东肇庆·期末）Drones (无人机), also called unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), were not always the common tools we see today. Their history is closely connected to military (军事的) use. It is believed that the first drones were developed in the early 20th century for military training. A big step forward happened during World War I when the first drones that could be controlled remotely (远程地) were tested. However, ________, so it’s difficult to produce. The real change began in the 21st century with improvements in technology. Smaller and cheaper sensors (传感器) and GPS systems were invented. This made it possible to produce consumer drones. In 2006, a company called DJI, which was founded in Shenzhen, China, started to develop easy-to-fly drones for the public. These drones were equipped with cameras and could take amazing photos and videos from the sky. Soon, drones were no longer just for the military. They became popular with photographers, farmers, and even delivery (配送) services. Today, drones are widely used around the world. Guangdong Province, especially Shenzhen, is considered a global center for drone making and improving. Drones are used for many purposes. It is clear that this invention has now changed many parts of our work and life. As technology continues to develop, who knows what new uses for drones will be invented in the future. 1．Which of the following can be put in “________” in Paragraph 1? A．drones were popular at that time B．these early drones were very expensive C．people discuss the cost of modern drones D．people introduce a famous drone company 2．According to Paragraph 2, what helped companies make drones for the public? A．The needs of the military. B．The support from the government. C．The improvements in some technologies. D．The invention of the first camera. 3．What does the underlined word “equipped” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Recalled. B．Provided. C．Nodded. D．Avoided. 4．Which of the following can be inferred (推断) from the passage? A．Drones were very common in the early 20th century. B．DJI was the first company to invent military drones. C．The development of drones in Shenzhen is mentioned to show its local importance. D．Drones are only useful for taking photos and making videos nowadays. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Military Use of Early Drones B．How DJI Became a Famous Company C．The Development and Popularization of Drones D．Drones’ Popular Uses in Guangdong Province 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了无人机从早期军事用途到21世纪民用化的发展历程，以及当今无人机的广泛应用和未来前景。 【详解】 1．第一段前文提到早期无人机研发成功，但空后说“很难生产”，因此空处应填入“these early drones were very expensive”，表示“这些早期无人机非常昂贵”，和后半句构成因果逻辑，因为成本高所以难以量产。 2．由第二段“The real change began in the 21st century with improvements in technology. Smaller and cheaper sensors and GPS systems were invented. This made it possible to produce consumer drones”可知，技术的进步使公司能够生产面向公众的无人机。 3．结合第二段语境，前文提到DJI公司开始开发面向公众的、易于操控的无人机。接着说“These drones were equipped with cameras”，后文又说“could take amazing photos and videos from the sky”（可以从空中拍摄令人惊叹的照片和视频），这进一步说明相机是无人机上“附带/安装”的设备。“be equipped with”是固定搭配，意为“配备有/装有”，和B选项“提供、配备”最吻合。 4．由第三段“Guangdong Province, especially Shenzhen, is considered a global center for drone making and improving”可知，文中提到深圳是为了说明其作为无人机制造和改良中心的重要性。 5．全文按照时间线介绍了无人机从早期军事用途的雏形，到技术进步后走向民用、普及到各行各业的发展历程，C选项“无人机的发展与普及”适合作标题。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $