内容正文:
形容词和副词
高中英语语法
学习目标
1. 掌握形容词、副词的句法功能与词形转换
2. 熟记比较级、最高级变化规则及标志词
3. 能结合语境完成语法填空,区分易混词
定义
形容词(Adjective 简称adj./a.)表示人或事物的属性、状态或特征的一类词。主要词法功能用于修饰名词或者代词。
副词(Adverb 简称adv./ad.)是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词,用以修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词和句子的一类词。用以说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
因此在进行分类时,可以分为:时间副词、频率副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、表顺序的副词以及表完成的副词。
What doesn't kill you makes you _____________________
那些打不倒我的终将使我更强大,更强大
Just me, myself and I
只有我!唯有我!
What doesn't kill you makes you _________
那些打不倒我的终将使我更强大
Stand a little _______站得更高
Doesn't mean I'm_________ when I'm ______
我孤身一人并不代表我孤苦无依
What doesn't kill you makes fighter footsteps even________
那些打不倒我的终将使我变成斗士步伐更轻盈
Doesn't mean I'm over cause you're gone
你的离开并不代表我要痛彻难耐
stronger, stronger
stronger
taller
lonely
lighter
alone
一.形容词句法功能
形容词在句子中使用非常灵活,可在英语句子中,充当定语,表语,状语,主语 ,宾语补足语等成分。
There are extremely splendid waterfalls in China.
中国有极其壮观的瀑布。
You look so elegant,wearing Chinese traditional clothes.
你穿着中国传统的衣服看起来太优雅了。
1.做【定语】修饰限定名词
2.做【表语】跟在系动词后
Curiously, we went into the deep hole.
出于好奇,我们走进了那个深洞。
Rich or poor meant the same to me
富裕和贫穷对我来说都一样。{注意,作主语时,往往是成对出现}
Please keep the room tidy
I find it very attractive
3.做【状语】修饰句子
4.做【主语】成对出现
5.做【宾语补足语】补充说明宾语的状态
2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷 Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ____36____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
【答案】
【解析】考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤),故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语,故填tasty。
tasty
2023全国乙卷The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world...
【答案】
【解析】考查形容词。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界,这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
remarkable
2023全国甲卷___47___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
【答案】
【解析】考查形容词。句意:与传统寓言不同,卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同,所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
Different
2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷... I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___37___ (confidence) speaking English.
【答案】
【解析】考查形容词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空处和前文的comfortable并列,作并列表语,应用形容词形式,confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。
confident
二.副词句法功能
可作状语,表语,定语,介词宾语和宾语补足语等。
After three-month training, she is able to speak English quickly and fluently.
经过三个月的训练,她能说英语快速而流利。
Time is up. 时间到了。
let him out!让他出去!
The girl there is my friend .
1.做【状语】修饰动词( 副修动)
2.做【表语】跟在系动词后
3.做【宾补】补充说明补语的状态。
4.做【定语】修饰限定名词。
2023年1月浙江卷The term “hutong”, ____57____ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
【答案】
【解析】考查副词。句意:胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思,首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。
originally
(2020课标全国Ⅲ,68)As the small boat moved_____ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
【答案】gently
(2020课标全国Ⅱ,66) (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
【答案】
Certainly
(2020课标全国Ⅰ,62)Landing on the moon’s far side is (extreme) challenging.
【答案】extremely
adj与adv的千丝万缕
1.从词形变化规律的角度分析“adj→→adv
(1)一般情况下直接加ly
extreme----- extremely
(2)以y结尾的,且读音为 / i /, 先变y为i,再加ly;
eg:happy-happily
(3)读音为 / ai /,直接加ly; eg:shy-shyly;
(4)以ic 结尾的词,加ally
basic------ basically
adj与adv的千丝万缕
(5)以辅音字母+le结尾要去e加y;
eg:possible-possibly; terrible-terribly
(6)绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly;
eg:fortunate-fortunately; extreme-extremely
(7)元音字母加le时加 ly.
eg:sole-solely
adj与adv的千丝万缕
(8)以单个l 结尾的形容词 直接加ly
physical ----- physically careful--- carefully
(9)以ll结尾时,只须加y.
eg:dull-dully
(10)形副同形
\fast,far,hard...
(11)
有几个特殊的要去e后再加-ly或y,
如:true –truly terrible --terribly
adj与adv的千丝万缕
2.从词性变化规律的角度分析:
注意:
[1]有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词;friendly;
[2]有些形容词本身即为副词,同时也有加ly的副词形式,一般来说加上ly表示抽象意义。
eg: Wide宽地-widely广泛地
High高地-highly高度地
good的副词是well.
hard 既是形容词也是副词,作形容词是“困难的”,作副词是“努力地”。
hardly的意思是“几乎不”它和hard没关系
adj与adv的千丝万缕
三、形容词,副词比较等级的用法
等级
原级 句 型
1、as+原级+as
2、not + so/as + 原级+ as 例 句
She is as kind as her mother
Lucy didn’t do it so/as well as you
比较级
比较级 + than He is taller than lilei
The weather is getting hotter and hotter
最高级 the+最高级+of /in She is the tallest one in her class
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成是基本相同
词 尾 变 化 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级)或-est(最高级)以字母e接尾的词加r或st Tall hard large wide
以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加er或est Big hot thin fat wet
以辅音字母+y结尾的词变为i再加er,或est Happy dry early
少数以er,ow结尾的双音节词可加er或est Narrow clever
多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加more 和most Difficult popular
slowly
1. 规则变化
Taller harder larger wider
Tallest hardest largest widest
Bigger hotter fatter wetter
Biggest hottest fattest Wettest
Happier drier earlier
Happiest driest earliest
Narrower cleverer
Narrowest cleverest
More difficult more popular
More slowly
Most difficult most popular
Most slowly
2、不规则变化
原级
Good
Well
Bad
Ill
Badly
Many
Much
Little
Far
old 比较级
最高级 说明
巧记:
特殊形式比较级
共有三对二合一
坏病两多并两好
little意思不是小
一分为二有两个
一是老来二是远
Better
best
worse
worst
Less
More
most
Farther/further
older
Least
Farthest/furthest
oldest
(2021年全国甲卷·65)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what __________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
答案:
解析:考查比较等级。than前应用比较级。
better
(2018年全国Ⅲ卷·63) He screams the _______ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.
答案:
解析:考查比较等级。根据该句中loud 前有the及表范围词of all可以判断, 这里指所有猩猩中喊叫“最大声的”, 故用最高级loudest
loudest
(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷,语法填空
The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59 (hot) the spring!
【答案】hotter。
【解析】考查形容词的比较级。此处考查固定结构“the +比较级…,the+比较级…",意为“越......越.....。”故填hotter。
【译文】让人惊讶的事情是气温越低,黄山温泉越热。
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