Unit4 cross curricular connection学案2026-2027学年沪教版八年级英语上册

八年级上册 U4 Inventions 跨学科探究课学案 U4 跨学科探究课学案 2026—2027学年沪教版八年级英语上册 班级 __________ 姓名 __________ 日期 __________ 教材依据：第64页 Physical science The steam engine。建议课时：40分钟。 本课任务：读懂蒸汽机的改进过程，再像小工程师一样，用数据判断一项改进是否有用。英语用于解释问题、改进办法和证据，计算只需加减与简单平均。 一 发明还是改进 6分钟 Read the three sections on page 64. Write N for Newcomen or W for Watt. 1. Developed an engine in 1712 to help with mining. ____ 2. Improved an earlier engine design. ____ 3. His improvements helped engines become useful in more ways. ____ Complete the development record. Use “later” if the textbook gives no exact year. 阶段 解决的问题或带来的变化 1712 Newcomen Help people mine at greater __________. Later Watt Improve Newcomen’s __________. Wider use of steam power Provide power for machines and support the Industrial __________. Think: Can improving an existing machine be an important invention? Give a reason. ________________________________________________________________________________ 二 部件怎样一起工作 6分钟 Use the picture on page 64. Match the part with its basic role. 1. boiler ____　2. cylinder ____　3. piston ____ A. A part that moves inside a cylinder. B. A container in which water is heated to make steam. C. A chamber in which the piston moves. Read: Burning fuel releases energy as heat. A steam engine uses some of this energy to move parts and do useful work. Some energy is lost to the surroundings. Does an engine create energy from nothing? Yes / No. Underline the clue. 三 什么才算公平的比较 8分钟 补充阅读：早期 Newcomen 蒸汽机用于抽出矿井中的积水。Watt 的重要改进之一是让蒸汽在单独的冷凝器中冷凝，从而减少反复加热气缸造成的燃料浪费。本课不要求记忆这一部件的工作细节。 A school model study compares two pump designs, A and B. Each test lifts 100 litres of water to the same height in 10 minutes. Both designs use the same kind of fuel. 数据为练习设计，不是历史实测。 试验 A消耗燃料 g B消耗燃料 g 1 10 6 2 11 7 3 9 5 1. Which ONE thing is deliberately changed? A. The pump design.　B. The amount of water.　C. The lifting height. 2. List TWO things that should stay the same. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Find the mean fuel use. 平均数等于三次用量之和除以3。 A: (10 + 11 + 9) ÷ 3 = ______ g B: (6 + 7 + 5) ÷ 3 = ______ g 4. For the same task, B uses ______ g less fuel on average. 选做：Compared with A, B uses ______% less fuel. 请用A的平均用量作比较基准。 四 数据允许我们说什么 7分钟 Write S for supported by these data, or N for not supported. 1. B uses less fuel than A in all three tests. ____ 2. B uses no fuel. ____ 3. B will use less fuel in every possible situation. ____ 4. Each design used different amounts of fuel in different tests. ____ Rewrite statement 3 to make it fit the evidence. ________________________________________________________________________________ 五 给学校写一条有根据的建议 9分钟 The school wants a pump for a small science display. It must lift 100 litres to the tested height in 10 minutes. Fuel use is important. Which design would you recommend? Write 45–60 words. State your choice, give TWO numbers, explain why the comparison is fair, and name ONE thing to test next. 先记要点：Choice ____；evidence ____ and ____；same condition ____；next test ____. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 语言支架：I recommend ... for this task. It used ... on average, while ... Both ... However, we should still check ... 六 改进为什么值得被记住 4分钟 Return to the textbook. Complete both sentences. Newcomen’s work helped people _________________________________. Watt’s work shows that a great invention can grow from ______________. Exit question: What makes an improvement useful? Give one idea and one piece of evidence from today’s work. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 课后小观察 Choose one object whose design has changed, such as a schoolbag or a lamp. Ask a family member what the old version was like. Write one change and one question you would test. Object: ______________________________________________________ The change: __________________________________________________ My test question: ______________________________________________ 自查：我能区分发明与改进 □　我能说明公平测试条件 □　我的结论没有超出数据 □ 参考答案与科学表述提示 一 1 N；2 W；3 W。发展记录：depths；design；Revolution。开放题例：Yes. An improvement can help a machine use less fuel or do more useful work. 教材未给具体年份的阶段不要求补年份。 二 1 B；2 C；3 A。No。证据是 Burning fuel releases energy as heat 与 uses some of this energy。发动机转换能量，不会凭空创造能量。 三 1 A。2. 任写两项：amount of water；lifting height；time；kind of fuel。3. A 10 g；B 6 g。4. 4 g；选做40%，即4 ÷ 10 × 100%。这里只能说平均少用40%燃料，不能直接改写成“效率提高40%”。 四 1 S；2 N；3 N；4 S。第4题依据两组数据各自有波动。可追问为何要重复测试，提醒三次结果不能证明所有情境。改写示例：B used less fuel than A in these three tests. / Under these conditions, B used less fuel on average. 建议示例 57词 I recommend Design B for this task. It used 6 g of fuel on average, while A used 10 g. Both lifted the same amount of water to the same height in the same time. This makes the comparison fairer. However, we should still check the cost and whether B can work safely for a longer time. 评价6分：选择符合数据1分；两个数据准确2分；公平条件1分；提出下一步测试1分；表达清楚1分。开放题可选不同后续问题，如价格、稳定性、维修便利性。 六 示例：pump water out of mines / mine at greater depths；an earlier design / improving an existing machine。离堂题例：A useful improvement can save fuel. In our practice data, B used 4 g less fuel for the same task. 给教师的史实边界 教材用简化叙述突出发展过程。更稳妥的表述是：Newcomen 于1712年发展出实用的大气式蒸汽机，Watt 后来作出重要改进。不把 Newcomen 说成历史上所有蒸汽装置的唯一最早发明者，也不把火车、轮船的全部发展归给 Watt 一人。 Newcomen 机的活塞下行主要靠蒸汽冷凝后形成压差，由大气压力推动；不要统一讲成“高压蒸汽推活塞”。学生本课只需理解燃料能量转为运动、改进可减少浪费。 材料依据：教材第64页。历史与原理核对：National Museums Scotland，The Newcomen engine and its role in Britain’s industrial revolution；Science Museum，James Watt and the separate condenser。 https://www.nms.ac.uk/discover-catalogue/the-newcomen-engine-and-its-role-in-britains-industrial-revolution https://blog.sciencemuseum.org.uk/james-watt-and-the-separate-condenser/ 第 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $