内容正文:
Unit4 Inventions
⭐Section 4导学案
学习目标
1. 掌握活字印刷、蒸汽机主题核心词汇;读懂梦境记叙文《Movable type: a dream come true》毕昇活字印刷故事,梳理活字印刷完整制作印刷步骤;读懂蒸汽机发展科普文,理清纽可门初代蒸汽机、瓦特改良蒸汽机时间线与历史作用;知晓中国四大发明活字印刷的世界影响。
2. 完成印刷步骤填空、词汇变形填空、蒸汽机时间线绘制练习,理解古代中国伟大发明对全球文明的贡献,明白发明大多经过迭代改良才普及。
3. 小组复述活字印刷流程、蒸汽机发展历程,完成历史发明主题口语讨论与短文复述。
4. 增强民族文化自信,了解中国古代四大发明历史价值;认识发明迭代改良的规律,培养创新、精益求精的科学精神。
一、预习案(课前自主完成)
(一)词汇预习・基础过关
模块 A:活字印刷课文词汇
· movable type 活字印刷术
· clay n. 黏土
· bake v. 烘烤
· pine gum 松胶;ash n. 灰;frame n. 框架
· metal plate 金属板;heat v. 加热
· press v. 按压;ink n. 油墨
· craftsman n. 工匠
· the Song dynasty 宋朝
模块 B:蒸汽机跨学科词汇
· steam engine 蒸汽机
· piston n. 活塞;cylinder n. 气缸;boiler n. 锅炉;cog n. 齿轮
· improve v. 改良,改进
· industrial revolution 工业革命
· horsepower n. 马力;watt n. 瓦特(功率单位)
模块 C:关键史实
1. 毕昇(Bi Sheng):宋代工匠,1039–1048 年间发明泥活字印刷术,中国四大发明之一;400 年后谷登堡改良金属活字印刷传入欧洲。
2. 蒸汽机发展
· 1712 Thomas Newcomen:初代蒸汽机,用于深层煤矿开采
· James Watt:改良蒸汽机,提升动力,加装齿轮,广泛用于火车、轮船、工厂,推动工业革命;创造 “马力” 单位,功率单位 watt 以他命名。
模块 D:活字印刷完整七步骤
Step1 Cut characters into pieces of clay.
Step2 Bake the clay pieces with fire to harden them.
Step3 Spread a mixture of pine gum, wax and paper ash on a metal plate.
Step4 Put each type piece on the plate and fix them with a frame.
Step5 Heat the plate to melt the mixture.
Step6 Press clay characters evenly onto a board.
Step7 Brush ink on characters for printing.
模块 E:核心句型抄写 + 中英对照
1. Bi Sheng invented movable-type printing in the Song dynasty, one of the Four Great Inventions of ancient China.
译:毕昇在宋代发明活字印刷术,是中国古代四大发明之一。
2. After about 400 years, Gutenberg improved this invention and brought metal movable type to Europe.
译:约 400 年后,谷登堡改良这项发明,将金属活字印刷术传入欧洲。
3. James Watt improved Newcomen’s steam engine, which greatly pushed forward the Industrial Revolution.
译:詹姆斯・瓦特改良纽可门蒸汽机,极大推动了工业革命发展。
(二)预习思考题(通读 P62-P64)
1. 活字印刷一共有哪七个操作步骤?发明者是谁,处于哪个朝代?
2. 蒸汽机分为哪两个发展阶段?Newcomen 和 Watt 分别做出了什么贡献?
3. 活字印刷术对世界历史有什么重要意义?
二、课堂探究案(课中小组合作完成)
(一)语篇问题链・研读活字印刷故事 & 蒸汽机科普文
基础浅层任务 1:活字印刷步骤填空
Step 1: Bake them with fire to make them hard
Step 2: Spread a mixture of pine gum, wax and paper ash on a metal plate
Step 3: Put each piece of type on the plate and fix them with a frame
Step 4: Heat it up so that the mixture will melt
Step 5: Press down the clay characters evenly on a board
Step 6: Brush the characters with ink
基础浅层任务 2:单词变形填空
(1) notice
(2) types
(3) press
(4) heat
(5) metals
进阶理解问题链(双线课文主线梳理)
主线 1:中国古代发明 —— 毕昇活字印刷
1. 故事载体:Jane 读书入睡,梦中与毕昇相遇,亲眼观看活字印刷完整工序
2. 发明价值:大幅降低书籍复制难度,知识得以大范围传播;400 年后影响欧洲印刷业,推动全球文化传播
3. 辩证思考:伟大发明不是一蹴而就,后世工匠会持续改良优化
主线 2:西方工业发明 —— 蒸汽机迭代史
1. 初代:1712 纽可门蒸汽机,用途单一,仅用于矿井抽水
2. 瓦特改良:提升动力、加装齿轮,适配火车、轮船、工厂生产
3. 历史影响:成为工业革命核心动力源;衍生功率单位 horsepower、watt
4. 通用规律:绝大多数发明都要经过多轮改良,才能广泛普及、改变世界
深度思辨讨论题
Why do great inventions need continuous improvement after being created?
(二)合作探究・小组课堂活动(4 人一组)
活动 1:流程复述练习
小组按顺序复述活字印刷 7 步操作流程,理清工序逻辑
活动 2:蒸汽机时间线绘制
小组合作梳理蒸汽机发展时间线,标注人物、年份、改良内容、用途
活动 3:文化讨论
小组讨论中国四大发明的历史影响力,拓展造纸术相关资料分享
(三)分层输出任务
迁移 1:基础口头输出(达标)
基础 4 句
Bi Sheng invented movable type in the Song dynasty.
There are seven steps to print books with clay type.
Watt improved the early steam engine and changed industry.
Great ancient Chinese inventions changed the whole world.
迁移 2:双人综合问答对话(提升)
A: Who invented movable type printing?
B: Bi Sheng, a craftsman of the Song dynasty.
A: What’s the influence of movable type?
B: It helped spread knowledge and later influenced European printing.
A: What did Watt do to the steam engine?
B: He improved its power and made it widely used in transport and factories.
迁移 3:书面综合短文写作
标题:Great inventions and their development
写作框架
1. 第一段:Introduce Bi Sheng and movable type printing + printing steps briefly
2. 第二段:The development of steam engine (Newcomen & Watt)
3. 第三段:The common rule of inventions: creation + continuous improvement
4. 运用本课核心词汇:heat, press, type, metal, improve, industrial revolution
三、课后拓展案(分层巩固作业)
基础层(全体必做)
1. 本课主题词汇背诵,熟记活字印刷七道工序、蒸汽机发展时间线;
2. 完成印刷步骤填空、单词配套填空题;
3. 仿写 5 句描述古代 / 工业发明的句子。
提升层(中等学生选做)
1. 双人完成发明历史主题访谈对话;
2. 完整复述活字印刷流程与蒸汽机改良历史;
3. 80 词短文介绍毕昇活字印刷术。
培优拓展层(学有余力)
1. 1 分钟口语展示:介绍活字印刷术的发明与世界影响;
2. 拓展写作:How inventions develop and change human society;
3. 查阅蔡伦造纸术英文资料,整理简短英文介绍下节课分享。
课堂小结(板书核心)
1. Ancient Chinese invention — Movable type
Inventor: Bi Sheng (Song Dynasty)
7 printing steps: cut clay → bake → spread mixture → fix type → heat → press → ink
World influence: spread knowledge, affect European printing
2. Steam engine timeline
1712 Newcomen: original engine for mines
Watt: improved power, added gears, powered trains/ships, drove Industrial Revolution
3. Key words: type, clay, heat, press, metal, improve, industrial revolution
4. Core theme: All great inventions go through creation and constant improvement; Chinese ancient inventions are precious cultural treasure.
当堂五分钟检测
一、英汉互译
1. movable type ________________
2. steam engine ________________
3. industrial revolution ________________
4. horsepower ________________
二、选词填空(变换形式)
heat, press, type, metal, notice
1. Bi Sheng made clay ______ for printing.
2. We need to ______ the plate to melt the mixture.
3. Don’t forget to ______ the clay pieces hard.
4. Iron, copper and silver are different kinds of ______.
5. He was busy working and didn’t ______ the girl beside him.
三、单项选择
1. Movable type printing was invented by ______ in Song dynasty.
A. Gutenberg B. Bi Sheng C. Watt
2. The first steam engine was invented by ______ in 1712.
A. Newcomen B. Watt C. Bi Sheng
3. Watt’s improved steam engine greatly pushed the ______.
A. printing culture B. Industrial Revolution C. ancient trade
四、句子翻译
1. 宋代工匠毕昇发明泥活字印刷术,全套印刷分为七道工序:刻泥字、烘烤定型、调配胶料铺在金属板、固定活字、加热熔胶、均匀压印、刷墨印刷;四百年后谷登堡改良金属活字印刷,将该技术传入欧洲。
2. 1712 年纽可门造出初代蒸汽机,仅用于矿井抽水;瓦特改良提升动力,加装齿轮结构,广泛用于火车、轮船、工厂,推动工业革命,马力、瓦特功率单位均源自瓦特的研究。
3. 发明发展规律:一项伟大发明诞生后,往往经过多代人持续改良,才能普及并深刻改变人类生活;中国古代四大发明对全球文明传播与发展有着不可替代的巨大价值。
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