Unit3～Unit4（语篇综合练）2026-2027学年人教版八年级英语上册

2026-2027学年人教版八年级英语上册Unit3~Unit4（语篇综合练） 完形填空A 本文通过三位同学的观点，讨论了朋友之间应该是不同还是相同。 完形填空B 本文主要讲述了生态平衡的重要性，并以云南森林中野猪数量过多导致生态失衡为例，说明了外来动物进入环境可能破坏自然平衡，呼吁人们谨慎对待引入不同环境的动物。 阅读A 本文是一篇记叙文，Dora介绍了自己最好的朋友Mai，描写了Mai的年龄、外貌、性格，讲述两人相同的爱好与不同的性格，表达希望友谊长存的心愿。 阅读B 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了食肉植物捕蝇草，介绍了它的生长地点、叶片捕虫原理、获取养分的途径以及野外采挖的相关法律规定。 阅读还原A 本文主要介绍了生活中的三种朋友类型，包括熟人层面的“点头之交”、社交层面的“普通伙伴”以及无话不谈的“挚友”，阐述了不同类型朋友的特征，并指出应当珍视所有的友谊。 阅读还原B 本文介绍了关于蘑菇的一些有趣知识：蘑菇不是蔬菜也不是植物，属于真菌；蘑菇颜色、形状丰富，遍布世界各地；部分蘑菇可食用，部分有毒；蘑菇除了作为食物，还可以入药、制作环保染料。 阅读填表A 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了朋友的重要性、应该与什么样的人交朋友以及如何维持友谊。 阅读填表B 本文介绍了植物对人类、动物和环境的重要性。 书面表达 A 朋友是我们宝贵的财富，在我们的人生中每个人都有自己的好朋友。假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Kelly想了解你和你最好的朋友的一些情况。请你根据下面的图和实际情况，给Kelly回一封电子邮件，告诉她你和你最好的朋友的相同和不同之处。 书面表达 B 假如你是李华，你们班下周要举行以“Amazing Animals”为主题的演讲活动，请你根据以下表格中的提示内容，用英语写一篇发言稿。 一、完形填空 A Should friends be different or the same? The following is what three of my classmates say. My name is Mary. I like to have friends who are 1 me. My best friend Betty is taller and 2 than me. I am 3 and like reading, but she is more athletic than me. She likes sports and always beats me 4 ping-pong. My name is Peter. I am very funny and outgoing. I like friends 5 have the same interests as me. My best friend is Victor. He is much fatter than me. But 6 like doing the same things. We don’t think differences are important in a friendship. I’m Ted. I like to have friends who are 7 me. It’s necessary 8 the same. All my friends are smart and athletic. And they are as 9 as me. I am thinner than most of them, but I run 10 than most of them. 1．A．difference from B．difference to C．different to D．different from 2．A．more outgoing B．outgoing C．out goinger D．much outgoing 3．A．happy B．quiet C．tall D．angry 4．A．in B．on C．at D．with 5．A．where B．what C．who D．which 6．A．both we B．we both C．both us D．we all 7．A．as B．look C．so D．like 8．A．be B．is C．to be D．was 9．A．carefully B．careful C．more careful D．most careful 10．A．fastest B．fast C．faster D．much fast B A healthy living place must be in balance (平衡). What does this mean? As a 11 , deer eat grass. Deer keep the grass under control (控制). Wolves eat deer. They 12 there aren’t too many deer. This is 13 the nature stays balanced. But sometimes, things can get out of balance. A forest in Yunnan isn’t in balance. What’s the 14 ? There are too many wild boars. The boars didn’t 15 in the forest at first. But as some farmers let their pet boars stay in the forest, the boars’ 16 become larger and larger. There are too many large boars now. They eat crops and other small animals, especially the wildlife in the forest. So they’re bad for the 17 environment (环境) there. In the end, there’s less food for birds and other animals. Now all of the wildlife in the forest is becoming 18 . To stop this problem, some people are trying to 19 the boars and take them away from the forest. But it’s not easy because the boars are very good at hiding (藏). We need to be 20 about what animals we bring into different environments so that we don’t break the balance of nature. 11．A．rule B．sport C．tour D．water 12．A．work out B．find out C．make sure D．feel like 13．A．who B．how C．what D．where 14．A．answer B．problem C．goodness D．interest 15．A．end B．lose C．live D．join 16．A．numbers B．sizes C．colours D．ages 17．A．small B．clean C．perfect D．natural 18．A．beautiful B．healthy C．lovely D．hungry 19．A．raise B．save C．catch D．protect 20．A．ready B．forgetful C．honest D．careful 二、阅读理解 A My name is Dora, I have a lot of friends. My best friend is Mai, she is 16 years old. She is 2 years older than me. We live in the same town and we began to know each other when we were very young. Now we are classmates. Mai is tall and thin with long black hair. She has an oval face (鹅蛋脸) with big eyes, a small nose and a small mouth. Mai is helpful (乐于助人的). When her friends have difficulties, she always tries her best to help them. Mai is one of the best students in our class, I like studying with her, She always helps me with my studies. We both like tennis but she plays it better, so she always wins, Although we have the same hobbies and interests, we also have some differences, I am sociable and enjoy telling jokes, Mai, however, is serious and quiet. We believe in each other, so we are good friends. I hope we can keep our friendship forever (永远). 21．How old is Dora? A．12. B．14. C．16. D．18. 22．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Mai is tall and heavy. B．Mai is outgoing and likes talking. C．Mai and Dora are in the same class. D．Dora often helps Mai with her studies. 23．What doesn’t the passage tell us? A．What Mai looks like. B．What Mai is like. C．What sport Mai likes. D．What Mai’s favourite subject is. 24．What may the underlined word “sociable” mean in Chinese? A．爱交际的 B．喜怒无常的 C．沉默的 D．没有耐心的 25．What does Dora think of Mai? A．She is a lazy girl. B．She is a nice girl. C．She is too serious. D．She is kind of boring. B Can plants eat people? Probably not, but there are many plants that eat meat. The Venus flytrap is a kind of meat-eating plant. The Venus flytrap grows in wetlands in the Carolinas, the United States. It is not a large plant. It is only about a foot tall. The plant has white flowers in spring but it is the plant’s leaves that make it so interesting. Its leaves are like the pages of a book. They can open and close very quickly. Inside the leaves, there are small hairs. When something like a small insect touches one of the hairs, the insect becomes its dinner. The name “Venus flytrap” is not really a good name for this plant because it rarely (很少) catches flies. It mostly catches spiders, ants, and other insects. These insects land on the Venus flytrap because they can smell something sweet and they think there is food in the flower. The Venus flytrap makes most of its food with sunlight, air and water just like other plants. Living things like insects just give it extra nutrition to grow well in wetlands. In North America, if you want to plant a Venus flytrap at home, you have to buy one from a special place. You can’t take a Venus flytrap from where it grows! There are laws about taking it out of the wild. 26．What is the Venus flytrap? A．It is a kind of plant. B．It is a kind of animal. C．It is a kind of food. D．It is a kind of meat. 27．What does the Venus flytrap use to catch insects? A．Its mouth. B．Its flowers. C．Its leaves. D．Its hands. 28．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．How the Venus flytrap gets its food. B．When the Venus flytrap catches the insects. C．Where the Venus flytrap grows. D．Why the insects land on the Venus flytrap. 29．What can we know about the Venus flytrap from the passage? A．You can’t take a Venus flytrap home because it is dangerous. B．Eating insects makes the Venus flytrap grow well. C．The Venus flytrap doesn’t make food from sunlight, air and water. D．You can’t find the Venus flytrap in wetlands in America. 30．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 三、阅读还原 A 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一项为多余选项。 Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? 31 They are “pest friends”, “guest friends” and “best friends”. The first kind of friends is simply an acquaintance (熟人). All you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friend at school, at work, or on the bus, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around. 32 That is why they are called “pest friends”. The second kind of friends could also be called “social partners”. 33 You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories. You usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep, such as your wishes or fears, and they don’t open up to you how they really feel. The last kind of friends, the “best friends”, is the one you know the deepest. 34 You have no problem staying at each other’s houses, and you share your deepest feelings and thoughts. They will correct you when you’re wrong. Sometimes they may not be perfect, but at least they will always care about you, and never do anything on purpose to hurt you. 35 We should value all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances. A．They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. B．There are three different kinds of friends. C．You’re like family, and know everything about each other. D．We all have our pest, guest and best friends. E．They will help you with your life problems. F．When this kind of friend does something bad, you don’t tell them. B 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。将所选答案涂到答题卡上。 Mushrooms are delicious, fantastic, and sometimes dangerous. However, no matter how you may feel about them, they play a big role in our world. Here are some fun facts to help you know more about mushrooms. Many people think that mushrooms are vegetables. 36 . They aren’t even plants. They are a kind of fungus (真菌). Different from plants, they do not need the sun to grow. 37 . They may be white, red, yellow, blue, orange, green, brown, or black. They also take different shapes (形状). The most common kinds look like little umbrellas. 38 . Some look like small balls. Some may look like stars or bird’s eggs. Mushrooms grow all over the world. 39 . Some kinds of mushrooms can be delicious food, but some others are poisonous (有毒的). If someone eats poisonous mushrooms by mistake, he or she might have serious health problems and could even die. Mushrooms are more than just food. 40 . For example, some of them can be good for the heart. What’s more, people can use mushrooms to make dyes (染料). The dyes are environment-friendly. Now many people around the world are trying them. How fantastic mushrooms are! A．They can also be medicine (药). B．Mushrooms have different colours. C．Mushrooms play a part in our lives. D．In fact, they are not vegetables or fruit. E．There are also many special shapes of mushrooms. F．There are about 120,000 kinds of mushrooms in the world. 四、阅读填表 A Who is the most important person to you? When people are asked this question, most of their answers are their mother, their son, their daughter, and so on. But don’t forget that there are some other people who care about you! They are your friends! Every one of us, young or old, should have our own good friends. Our friends will listen to us when we speak, care about us when we are not feeling well, and stay with us when we are in difficulty. Being with friends can make us happy. As everyone needs friends, who can we make good friends with and how can we get on well with (与……相处融洽) each other? Here are some ways. Make friends with those who work hard. Being with them, we will learn a lot from them. Don’t make friends with those who are quite different from us because it will be hard to get on with each other. Reach for their hands when our friends have problems. Trust each other. But never trust those who leave us when we are in difficulty. And never leave our friends when they are in difficulty. Remember, a friend in need is a friend indeed. Even the best friends may have a fight with each other sometimes. If this happens, don’t let the fight last too long. Try to make up (和好) with our friends. Friends 41 for having friends They’ll listen to us when we speak. They’ll care about us when we are not feeling well. They’ll stay with us and bring us 42 . People who can be friends Those who are hard-working. Those who are 43 to us. 44 to keep the friendship 45 each other. Trust each other. Make up with our friends soon after having a fight. B The Importance of Plants We all know, plants are very important for humans, animals and the environment we live in. Now, let me introduce the importance of plants to you as follows. First of all, for people, plants can give us basic needs. We can use plants in many ways. We can get a lot of food from plants. Some of the plants can be made into medicine and clothing. Second, they are also important to animals. Many animals live in the forest and they eat the fruit from plants. Finally, plants help clean the air, so we can breathe the fresh air every day. They can also cover the soil to stop the wind and water from carrying the soil away. In a word, plants are very important for us. We should protect them and try our best to plant more plants. The Importance of Plants For people give us 46 get food, medicine and 47 For animals live in the 48 eat the fruit For environment help clean the 49 cover the 50 stop the wind and water from carrying the soil away 五、书面表达 A．朋友是我们宝贵的财富，在我们的人生中每个人都有自己的好朋友。假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Kelly想了解你和你最好的朋友的一些情况。请你根据下面的图和实际情况，给Kelly回一封电子邮件，告诉她你和你最好的朋友的相同和不同之处。                      要求:  1. 灵活运用形容词、副词的原级和比较级； 2. 词数80~100（开头和格式已给出，不计入总词数）。 Dear Kelly, How’s it going? I’m writing to tell you something about my best friend and me. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I hope we can be best friends, too. Yours, Li Hua B．假如你是李华，你们班下周要举行以“Amazing Animals”为主题的演讲活动，请你根据以下表格中的提示内容，用英语写一篇发言稿。 Appearance huge; long trunks; strong legs; big ears; thick skin (皮肤); long ivory Food plants; leaves; fruits; a lot of water Ability carry heavy things; use trunks to drink, bathe (洗澡) and get food Living Situation Be in danger: people destroy (摧毁) their homes; hunt them for ivory 要求：1．短文内容应包含题目要求所给的全部信息，可适当发挥； 2．语句正确，意思通顺、连贯，书写规范； 3．短文中不得出现你的任何真实信息 (姓名、校名和地名等) 4．词数：不少于60。(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。) Dear classmates, I’m Li Hua. Today, I want to share something about my favourite animal — elephants. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! 参考答案 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 D A B C C B D C B C 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 A C B B C A D D C D 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 B C D A B A C A B A 题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 答案 B F A C D D B E F A 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文通过三位同学的观点，讨论了朋友之间应该是不同还是相同。 【详解】1．句意：我喜欢有与我不同的朋友。 be different from“与……不同”为固定搭配，different from符合。difference from、difference to、different to均搭配错误。 2．句意：我最好的朋友Betty比我更高、更外向。 than提示比较级，more outgoing“更外向的”符合。outgoing原级、out goinger拼写错误、much outgoing搭配不当，均与多音节形容词比较级不符。 3．句意：我安静且喜欢阅读。 与后文“she is more athletic”形成对比，quiet“安静的”符合。happy“开心的”、tall“高的”、angry“生气的”均与喜欢阅读的性格不符。 4．句意：她喜欢运动，打乒乓球总是赢我。 beat sb. at sth.“在某方面打败某人”，at“在……方面”符合。in、on、with与beat搭配不当。 5．句意：我喜欢有和我相同兴趣的朋友。 空处引导定语从句修饰friends，且在从句中作主语，应用who“谁”符合。where指地点，what不能引导定语从句，which指物，均与先行词friends不符。 6．句意：但我们都喜欢做同样的事情。 主语是we，指Peter和Victor两个人，表示两者都，用both，we both“我们都”符合。both we语序错误，both us代词格错误，we all“我们都”与两人不符。 7．句意：我喜欢有像我一样的朋友。 根据下文“necessary...the same”可知朋友要有共同点，be like“像”，侧重性格品质等方面相似，like“像”符合。as“作为”与be搭配不当，so“所以”，均与“像”不符。 8．句意：保持一致是必要的。 It is necessary to do sth.“做某事是必要的”，to be“是”符合。be原形、is、was均不能用于该句型。 9．句意：他们和我一样细心。 as...as中间用原级，careful“细心的”形容词作表语符合。carefully副词、more careful比较级、most careful最高级均与as...as结构不符。 10．句意：我比他们大多数人要瘦，但我比他们大多数人都跑得快。 than提示比较级，faster“更快”符合。fastest最高级、fast原级、much fast搭配不当均与比较级不符。 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．B 15．C 16．A 17．D 18．D 19．C 20．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了生态平衡的重要性，并以云南森林中野猪数量过多导致生态失衡为例，说明了外来动物进入环境可能破坏自然平衡，呼吁人们谨慎对待引入不同环境的动物。 【详解】11．句意：一般来说，鹿吃草。 下文“deer eat grass”以及后文对自然平衡的描述表明，这里是在说明一种自然规律。rule“规则”符合语境，sport“运动”、tour“旅行”和water“水”不符。 12．句意：它们确保没有太多鹿。 下文“there aren’t too many deer”表明，狼吃鹿是为了控制鹿的数量，使其不至于过多。make sure“确保”符合语境，work out“算出”、find out“查明”和feel like“想要”不符。 13．句意：这就是自然保持平衡的方式。 下文“the nature stays balanced”表明，这里是在解释自然保持平衡的方式。how“如何”符合语境，who“谁”、what“什么”和where“哪里”不符。 14．句意：问题是什么？ 上文“things can get out of balance”以及下文“There are too many wild boars”表明，这里是在询问失衡的原因或问题所在。problem“问题”符合语境，answer“答案”、goodness“善良”和interest“兴趣”不符。 15．句意：起初，野猪并没有生活在森林里。 下文“But as some farmers let their pet boars stay in the forest”表明，野猪最初并不生活在森林里，后来才进入森林。live“生活”符合语境，end“结束”、lose“失去”和join“加入”不符。 16．句意：但随着一些农民让他们的宠物野猪留在森林里，野猪的数量变得越来越大。 下文“There are too many large boars now”表明，野猪的数量在增加。numbers“数量”符合语境，sizes“尺寸”、colours“颜色”和ages“年龄”不符。 17．句意：所以它们对那里的自然环境有害。 上文“They eat crops and other small animals, especially the wildlife in the forest”表明，野猪破坏的是自然环境。natural“自然的”符合语境，small“小的”、clean“干净的”和perfect“完美的”不符。 18．句意：现在森林里所有的野生动物都变得饥饿。 上文“there’s less food for birds and other animals”表明，由于食物减少，野生动物面临饥饿。hungry“饥饿的”符合语境，beautiful“美丽的”、healthy“健康的”和lovely“可爱的”不符。 19．句意：为了阻止这个问题，一些人正试图捕捉野猪并将它们带离森林。 下文“take them away from the forest”表明，人们的目的是抓住野猪并将其移走。catch“捕捉”符合语境，raise“饲养”、save“拯救”和protect“保护”不符。 20．句意：我们需要谨慎对待我们带入不同环境的动物，以免破坏自然平衡。 下文“so that we don’t break the balance of nature”表明，对待引入不同环境的动物需要小心谨慎。careful“小心的”符合语境，ready“准备好的”、forgetful“健忘的”和honest“诚实的”不符。 21．B 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，Dora介绍了自己最好的朋友Mai，描写了Mai的年龄、外貌、性格，讲述两人相同的爱好与不同的性格，表达希望友谊长存的心愿。 【详解】21．原文提到“My best friend is Mai, She is 16 years old. She is 2 years older than me.”，Mai16岁，比Dora大两岁，可算出Dora14岁。 22．原文提到“Now we are classmates.”，Dora和Mai在同一个班级。 23．根据“Mai is tall and thin with long black hair.”可知，文章介绍了Mai的外貌；根据“Mai is helpful”和“I am sociable...Mai, however, is serious and quiet.”可知，文章介绍了Mai的性格；根据“We both like tennis”可知，文章介绍了Mai喜欢的运动，但文中没有提到Mai最喜欢的学科。 24．原文提到“I am sociable and enjoy telling jokes, Mai, however, is serious and quiet.”，however表示转折，sociable和安静严肃形成对比，意思为“爱交际的”。 25．根据文中“Mai is helpful.”、“She always helps me with my studies.”以及“We believe in each other, so we are good friends. I hope we can keep our friendship forever.”可知，Dora认为Mai乐于助人、学习优秀，两人彼此信任，是很好的朋友，由此可推知Dora认为Mai是一个很好的女孩。 26．A 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了食肉植物捕蝇草，介绍了它的生长地点、叶片捕虫原理、获取养分的途径以及野外采挖的相关法律规定。 【详解】26．原文第一段写明：“The Venus flytrap is a kind of meat-eating plant”，这直接说明捕蝇草是一种植物。 27．第二段说明原因：“Its leaves are like the pages of a book… the insect becomes its dinner”，捕蝇草依靠它的叶片来捕捉昆虫。 28．第三段说明原因：“The Venus flytrap makes most of its food with sunlight, air and water just like other plants. Living things like insects just give it extra nutrition to grow well in wetlands”，本段主要介绍捕蝇草是如何获取自身养分的。 29．第三段末尾写明：“Living things like insects just give it extra nutrition to grow well in wetlands”，说明捕食昆虫能够为捕蝇草提供额外营养，帮助捕蝇草良好生长。 30．通读全文可知第①段总起引出捕蝇草，②③④三段分别从捕虫结构、养分来源、家养法规三方面并列展开，是总分结构，对应A选项的结构图。 31．B 32．F 33．A 34．C 35．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了生活中的三种朋友类型，包括熟人层面的“点头之交”、社交层面的“普通伙伴”以及无话不谈的“挚友”，阐述了不同类型朋友的特征，并指出应当珍视所有的友谊。 【详解】31．根据空后“They are ‘pest friends’ ‘guest friends’ and ‘best friends’.”可知，代词They指代三种朋友类型，空处起到引出下文三类朋友的分类总括作用。选项B“There are three different kinds of friends.”能够承接空后的展开列举。 32．根据空前对点头之交的描述“All you usually know about them is their names...you don’t miss them when they’re not around.”以及空后“That is why they are called ‘pest friends’.”可知，空处继续阐述这种浅层朋友关系的表现。选项F“When this kind of friend does something bad, you don’t tell them.”符合双方关系较为疏远、互不干涉的特征。 33．根据本段首句“The second kind of friends could also be called ‘social partners’.”以及空后对其程度的细化“You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike...but you don’t talk about anything deep”可知，这类朋友介于点头之交和真正挚友之间。选项A“They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends.”准确概括了该类朋友的关系层级。 34．根据空前的“The last kind of friends, the ‘best friends’, is the one you know the deepest.”以及空后的“You have no problem staying at each other’s houses, and you share your deepest feelings and thoughts.”可知，本段描述的是关系如同家人般亲密的最好朋友。选项C“You’re like family, and know everything about each other.”与前后文的亲密氛围高度契合。 35．根据空后的总结性建议“We should value all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances.”可知，末段对全文提到的三类朋友进行了整体收尾与升华。选项D“We all have our pest, guest and best friends.”起到了总结上文三种朋友类型的过渡作用。 36．D 37．B 38．E 39．F 40．A 【导语】本文介绍了关于蘑菇的一些有趣知识：蘑菇不是蔬菜也不是植物，属于真菌；蘑菇颜色、形状丰富，遍布世界各地；部分蘑菇可食用，部分有毒；蘑菇除了作为食物，还可以入药、制作环保染料。 【详解】36．前文“Many people think that mushrooms are vegetables.”很多人认为蘑菇是蔬菜。选项D“In fact, they are not vegetables or fruit.”事实上，它们既不是蔬菜也不是水果，承接上文纠正人们的错误认知，后文“They aren’t even plants.”继续补充说明，逻辑合理。 37．后文“They may be white, red, yellow, blue, orange, green, brown, or black.”它们可以是白色、红色、黄色、蓝色、橙色、绿色、棕色或者黑色，介绍蘑菇多样的颜色。选项B“Mushrooms have different colours.”蘑菇有着不同的颜色，为主题句，引出下文颜色的列举，逻辑合理。 38．前文“The most common kinds look like little umbrellas.”最常见的蘑菇看起来像小伞，后文“Some look like small balls. Some may look like stars or bird’s eggs.”有些像小球，有些像星星或者鸟蛋，介绍蘑菇各种各样的外形。选项E“There are also many special shapes of mushrooms.”还有很多造型特别的蘑菇，衔接上下文，逻辑合理。 39．前文“Mushrooms grow all over the world.”蘑菇在全世界生长。选项F“There are about 120,000 kinds of mushrooms in the world.”世界上大约有12万种蘑菇，承接上文，引出下文有的蘑菇美味、有的有毒的内容，逻辑合理。 40．前文“Mushrooms are more than just food.”蘑菇不仅仅只是食物。选项A“They can also be medicine (药).”它们也可以入药，后文“For example, some of them can be good for the heart.”举例一些蘑菇对心脏有益，印证蘑菇可以做药，逻辑合理。 41．Reasons 42．happiness/joy 43．similar 44．Ways 45．Help 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了朋友的重要性、应该与什么样的人交朋友以及如何维持友谊。 【详解】41．根据文章第 2 段列举了朋友在我们说话时倾听、不舒服时关心等好处，可推知此处讲的是拥有朋友的理由，且为复数概念。故填Reasons。 42．根据文章第 2 段“Being with friends can make us happy.（和朋友在一起能让我们快乐。）”可推知朋友会带给我们快乐，bring us后需接名词形式。故填happiness。 43．根据文章第 4 段“Don’t make friends with those who are quite different from us（不要和那些与我们截然不同的人交朋友）”可推知要和与我们相似的人交朋友，be similar to为固定搭配。故填similar。 44．根据文章第 3 段“Here are some ways.（这里有一些方法。）”可推知此处讲的是维持友谊的方法，且为复数。故填Ways。 45．根据文章第 5 段“Reach for their hands when our friends have problems.（当朋友有问题时，向他们伸出援手。）”可推知我们要互相帮助，此处为祈使句动词原形开头。故填Help。 46．basic needs 47．clothing 48．forest 49．air 50．soil 【导语】本文介绍了植物对人类、动物和环境的重要性。 【详解】46．第二段“plants can give us basic needs.”表明植物给我们提供基本需求，直接提取名词短语“basic needs”。 47．第二段“we can get a lot of food from plants. Some of plants can be made into medicine and clothing.”表明植物可提供食物、药物和衣物。直接提取名词“clothing”。 48．第二段“Many animals live in the forest”表明许多动物生活在森林里。直接提取名词“forest”。 49．第二段“plants help clean the air”表明植物有助于净化空气。直接提取名词“air”。 50．第二段“They can also cover the soil to stop the wind and water from carrying the soil away.”表明植物可以覆盖土壤并防止水土流失。直接提取名词“soil”。 A．例文 Dear Kelly, How’s it going? I’m writing to tell you something about my best friend and me. Denis is my best friend. We are similar in some ways, but different in other ways. He is as tall as me. We both have straight black hair, but mine is longer than his. Denis is more outgoing than me. That’s why he has more friends than me. We both like sports, so we often exercise together in our free time. As for study, I’m better at math but he does well in English. As a result, we often do homework together and help each other. We both think it is not necessary for friends to be the same, as long as we care about each other. I hope we can be best friends, too. Yours, Li Hua 【详解】写作步骤 第一步【审题立意】确定文体：应用文（英语电子邮件），一般现在时为主 明确要点：①介绍自己最好的朋友；②从外貌、性格、爱好、学习四方面写出我和好友的相同以及不同之处；③灵活运用形容词、副词的原级和比较级；④词数 80‑100；不能改动题目已给出的开头和结尾 确定人称：第一人称（I /we） 注意事项：覆盖四个写作角度，灵活运用形容词、副词的原级和比较级；逻辑通顺 第二步：【构思布局】三段式结构： 开头段（题目已给出）：写信引出话题，介绍我的好朋友 主体段：分别写外貌异同→性格异同→爱好异同→学习异同，对比我与朋友，使用原级、比较级 结尾段：简单发表自己关于友谊的看法（升华），使用试题自带收尾句 第三步：【要点展开】要点一：外貌描述 核心表达：as tall as me/both have straight black hair/my hair is longer than his/He has shorter hair than me./He is thinner... 要点二：性格描述 核心表达：more outgoing than me/quieter/more popular... 要点三：爱好描述 核心表达：We both like sports/We exercise together in free time/We both enjoy reading, but he reads faster than me... 要点四：学习描述 核心表达：I’m better at math/he does well in English/we help each other/She works harder than me, and she often helps me with my lessons... B．参考范文： Dear classmates, I’m Li Hua. Today, I want to share something about my favourite animal — elephants. Elephants are huge. They have long trunks and strong legs. Besides, they have big ears, thick skin and long ivories. They mainly feed on plants. They enjoy leaves and fruits, and drink a lot of water every day. Elephants can carry heavy things for people. Their trunks are very useful. They use them to drink water, bathe themselves and get food. However, elephants are now in great danger. Some people destroy their homes and hunt them for their ivory. Let’s work together to ensure they can live safely in nature. Thank you! 【详解】[第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：演讲稿，全文主要使用一般现在时 明确要点：介绍大象外貌；大象的食物；大象具备的能力；大象的生存现状（处境危险的原因），适当发挥呼吁保护大象 确定人称：第三人称（they/their）为主，开篇使用第一人称 (I/my) 注意事项：围绕“Amazing Animals”主题写作，完整覆盖表格全部信息；词数不少于60；文中不能出现真实个人信息。 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：承接给出的开头，引出介绍对象大象 主体段：依次介绍大象外貌特征、食物饮食、自身具备的本领能力 结尾段：讲述大象现在面临的危险处境，发出呼吁，保护大象 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：大象外貌特征 Elephants are huge. They have long trunks and strong legs. Besides, they have big ears, thick skin and long ivories. /Their big ears and long trunks are their most famous features. 要点二：大象食物饮食 They mainly feed on plants. They enjoy leaves and fruits, and drink a lot of water every day. /They love eating fresh leaves and different kinds of fruits. Also, they need plenty of water each day. 要点三：大象拥有的能力 Elephants can carry heavy things for people. Their trunks are very useful. They use them to drink water, bathe themselves and get food./Elephants are strong enough to carry heavy things. 要点四：大象生存现状以及呼吁 However, elephants are now in great danger. Some people destroy their homes and hunt them for their ivory. Let’s work together to ensure they can live safely in nature./Many of them lose their homes because of human activities./We should try our best to protect them 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $