Unit 1 Cultural heritage Reading and thinking 阅读语言点导学案 -2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第二册

必修二 Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Reading 语言点导学案 姓名：__________ 班级：__________ 日期：__________ 老师的话 同学们，这篇课文讲的是埃及阿斯旺大坝建设中怎么保护文化遗产的故事。发展跟保护打架了，最后各国合作把问题解决了。这单元语言点多，12个，但语法点也重——动名词作主语、连动句式、not only 倒装、被动语态，全是语法填空和改错的常客，我讲的时候你们竖起耳朵听。 这单元的词看着都认识，但坑不少：give way to 跟 give in to 怎么分？raise 跟 rise 怎么分？not only 倒装怎么倒？被动语态什么时候用？我一个一个给你们点透。别光看不动手，该记的记旁边。 所有练习都绑着课文走，做完这张，阿斯旺大坝的故事和语言点就全串起来了。好，开始。 一、这节课要搞定什么 1. 十二个核心词块：give way to、preserve、balance、lead to、likely、turn to sb for help、limit、prevent、raise、take down、be safe from、donate。 2. 四个语法点：动名词作主语、连动句式（并列谓语）、not only...but also... 部分倒装、被动语态。 3. 会用这些词块和句型写一篇80词左右的文物保护短文。 二、课前热身·读课文填原句 先把课文过一遍，下面十句全是原文，按课文顺序：新旧更替→平衡挑战→大坝问题→求助联合国→委员会成立→筹集资金→拆解搬迁→各国捐赠。试着填，填不出来翻书，别空着。 1. There comes a time when the old must __________ __________ __________（让步）the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past. 2. Finding and keeping the right __________（平衡）between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. 3. Big challenges, however, can sometimes __________ __________（导致）great solutions. 4. Water from the dam would __________（可能）damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics. 5. ...the government __________ __________（求助）the United Nations for help in 1959. 6. A committee was established to limit damage and __________（阻止）the loss of cultural relics. 7. The group asked for contributions and __________（筹集）funds within the international community. 8. Temples and other cultural sites were __________ __________（拆卸）piece by piece, and then moved... 9. ...put back together again in a place where they were __________ __________（免受）the water. 10. Fifty countries __________（捐赠）nearly $80 million to the project. 三、十二个语言点，一个个来 每个点先看课文原句，我讲用法，然后两道题——一道回扣课文，一道往高考延伸。语法点我讲慢一点，都跟上。 点1 give way to 让步 / preserve 保护 【课文原句】There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。 give way to 给……让路、向……屈服、对……让步。跟 give in to 意思接近，但 give way to 更强调“让路、被取代”，give in to 更强调“屈服、投降”。 give 的短语别搞混：give way to 让步；give in to 屈服；give up 放弃；give away 捐赠、泄露。 preserve 动词，保存、保护、维持；名词，保护区。preserve...from... 保护……免受……。跟 protect...from... 一个意思，但 preserve 更强调“原样保存”。 There comes a time when... 是个固定句型，“（总会）有这样一个时刻/时代……”，when 引导定语从句修饰 a time。注意区分：There comes a time when... 用一般现在时，含“必然到来”之意；There was a time when... 才是“曾经有一段时间……”，用一般过去时叙述过去。这个句型作文里好用，记一下。 【回扣课文】完成句子（结合课文） (1) The old must __________ __________ __________（让步）the new. (2) The tall walls are built __________ __________（保护）the lions from __________（escape）from the zoo.（preserve...from doing，from 是介词，后面跟动名词） 【往高考延伸】选词填空（give way to / give up / give away / give in to） (1) Officials say they won't __________ the workers' demands.（向要求让步） (2) We have six copies of the book to __________.（捐赠、赠送） 点2 动名词作主语 / balance 平衡 / can 表“有时会” 【课文原句】Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. 在发展与文化遗址保护之间找到恰当的平衡点，并加以保持，这可能是一项巨大的挑战。 Finding and keeping the right balance 是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数 can be。动名词作主语这个语法点必考，记住：动词作主语要用 -ing 形式，它的逻辑主语用所有格或形容词性物主代词表示（如 His joining us made...）。 固定搭配：It is no use doing sth. 做某事没用；It is a waste of time doing sth. 做某事浪费时间；It is fun doing sth. 做某事很有趣。这三个句型里也用动名词，别写成 to do。 balance 动词，使平衡；名词，平衡。keep (one's) balance 保持平衡；lose (one's) balance 失去平衡；out of balance 不平衡；balanced 形容词，平衡的，a balanced diet 均衡饮食。 can 在这表示“有时会、可能会”，不是“能够”。Big challenges can sometimes lead to great solutions. 巨大的挑战有时会带来伟大的解决方案。这个用法选择题考过，别一看到 can 就翻成“能够”。 【回扣课文】完成句子（结合课文） (1) __________（找到）and __________（保持）the right balance can be a big challenge.（动名词作主语，用什么形式？） (2) Her ankle caught on a root, and she almost __________ __________ __________（失去平衡）. 【往高考延伸】 (1) 打篮球是他的爱好。（翻译，动名词作主语，谓语用单数） (2) Even an experienced teacher __________ (can/must) make a mistake.（有时会，用哪个？） (3) It makes sense to eat a reasonably __________ (balance) diet when slimming.（词性转换，修饰名词 diet 用形容词） 点3 lead to 导致 【课文原句】Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to great solutions. 然而，巨大的挑战有时候会带来伟大的解决方案。 lead to 导致、引起，to 是介词，后面跟名词或动名词，别跟动词原形！lead...to... 带领……到达/取得……。 lead to = result in = bring about = cause，都是“导致”，写作时可以换着用，别老用一个词。 注意了：lead to 后面跟动名词，不是不定式！比如 lead to his being late，不是 lead to him be late。这个改错常考。 【回扣课文】完成句子（结合课文） (1) Big challenges can sometimes __________ __________（导致）great solutions. (2) 骄傲会让人失败。（翻译，lead to，后面跟名词） 【往高考延伸】 (1) 缺乏锻炼会导致抑郁和疲劳。（翻译，lead to 后面跟名词短语） (2) The reason why the food __________ __________（导致）the illness was that it was what was left last night.（时态，过去式） 点4 likely 可能的 【课文原句】Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage. 大坝泄流可能会损坏许多寺庙，摧毁一批文物，而这些文物是埃及文化遗产的重要组成部分。 likely 形容词，可能的；副词，可能地。两个句型必须记住： ① sb./sth. be likely to do sth. 某人/某物可能做某事。He is likely to win. 他可能赢。 ② It is likely that... 可能……。It is likely that he will win. 他可能赢。 这两个句型可以互相转换：He is likely to win. = It is likely that he will win. 这个转换题考过。 注意了：likely 跟 possible、probable 不一样。likely 的主语可以是人（He is likely to come），但 possible 和 probable 的主语不能是人，只能用 It is possible/probable that...。这个选择题常考，别搞混。 【回扣课文】完成句子（结合课文） (1) Water from the dam would __________（可能）damage a number of temples. (2) 这次考试他很可能不及格。（翻译，用 It is likely that... 或 be likely to do） 【往高考延伸】句子改写 He is likely to win the game.（改成 It is likely that... 句型，注意时态对应） 点5 turn to sb for help 向某人求助 【课文原句】After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. 埃及政府在听取了研究该问题的科学家以及大坝附近居民的意见后，于1959年向联合国寻求帮助。 turn to sb. (for help) 向某人求助。turn 在这里是“转向”的意思，转向某人就是求助。 turn 的短语拓展，都记一下：turn up 调高、出现；turn down 调低、拒绝；turn on 打开；turn off 关闭；turn out 结果是、证明是；turn over 翻转。 句中两个 who 引导的都是定语从句，分别修饰 scientists 和 citizens。who 在从句中作主语。 【回扣课文】完成句子（结合课文） (1) The government __________ __________（求助）the United Nations for help in 1959. (2) I had no idea whom __________ __________ __________（向……求助）. 【往高考延伸】 (1) He is the only one __________ __________ I can turn.（介词+关系代词，turn to sb.，to 提前，用什么？） (2) You should not have __________ __________（拒绝）such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months.（turn 的短语，拒绝） 点6 limit 限制 / prevent 阻止 【课文原句】A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. 委员会成立了，旨在减少对埃及建筑物的破坏，并防止文物损失。 limit 动词，限制、限定；名词，限制、限度。limit...to... 把……限定在……范围内；without limit 无限制地；within the limits of 在……范围内。 prevent 动词，阻止、阻碍。prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事，from 可以省略。跟 stop sb. (from) doing sth.、keep sb. from doing sth. 一个意思，但 keep 的 from 不能省——省了意思就变了，变成“一直做”了。这个点注意。 注意了：prevent...from doing 中 from 是介词，后面跟动名词，不是动词原形！ 【回扣课文】完成句子（结合课文） (1) A committee was established to __________（限制）damage and __________（阻止）the loss of cultural relics. (2) No one can prevent this plan from __________（carry）out.（被动语态，介词 from 后面跟动名词） 【往高考延伸】 (1) If only the banks would lend money __________ __________（无限制地）! (2) 没有人能阻止我前进的脚步。（翻译，prevent sb. from doing） 点7 raise 筹集；举起；提高；养育 【课文原句】The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community. 该委员会请求各个部门予以支持，并在国际范围内筹集资金。 raise 及物动词，意思多，都要会：举起、抬起；提高、增加；筹款；提出（问题）；引起（质疑）；养育、饲养、种植。 常见搭配：raise one's voice 提高嗓门；raise money for 为……募捐；raise a question 提出问题；raise a family 养家糊口；raise public awareness 提高公众意识。 注意了：raise 是及物动词，后面必须跟宾语，过去式和过去分词都是 raised。rise 是不及物动词，后面不跟宾语，过去式 rose，过去分词 risen。这俩词的区别我在 Unit 4 讲过，别搞混了——后面有宾语用 raise，没宾语用 rise。 【回扣课文】完成句子（结合课文） (1) The group __________（筹集）funds within the international community. (2) All the money __________（raise）in the concert went to the charity.（过去分词作后置定语，money 和 raise 是被动关系） 【往高考延伸】 (1) She stood there watching the flag __________（raise）.（watch sth. being done，观看某物被……） (2) Earth Day is an annual event aiming to __________ __________ __________（提高公众意识）of environmental protection. (3) Tomatoes __________（种在温室中的）taste second to those __________（种在室外的）.（过去分词作后置定语，tomatoes 和 raise 是被动） 点8 连动句式：并列谓语 vs 伴随状语 【课文原句】Experts investigated the issue, conducted several tests, and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved. 专家们经过调查研究，多次试验，提出了一个保住那些建筑的方案。 这个句子是连动句式，三个并列谓语动词：investigated, conducted, and made。一个句子可以有多个并列谓语，最后两个之间用 and 连接。 重点来了：并列谓语跟伴随状语要分清！并列谓语是几个动作都做，时态一致，用 and 连接；伴随状语是一个动作做，另一个动作伴随着，用现在分词。 比如：He jumped up, seized Noah's throat, and shook the boy.（三个并列谓语：jumped, seized, and shook，都做了） He lay in bed, drinking hot gin, and staring at her.（lay 是谓语，drinking 和 staring 是现在分词作伴随状语，伴随着 lay 这个动作） 判断方法：看几个动作是不是都做了、时态是不是一致。都做了就是并列谓语，用过去式；一个做另一个伴随就是伴随状语，用现在分词。这个方法通用，别凭感觉。 【回扣课文】完成句子（结合课文） (1) Experts __________（调查）the issue, __________（进行）several tests, and then __________（提出）a proposal.（三个并列谓语，时态一致） (2) He dressed himself quickly, __________（hold）his suitcase, and ran out of his house.（并列谓语还是伴随状语？dressed, held, and ran 三个都做了） 【往高考延伸】 (1) Oliver jumped up, __________（seize）Noah's throat, and shook the older boy.（并列谓语） (2) He lay in bed, __________（drink）hot gin-and-water, and __________（stare）at her.（伴随状语） 点9 take down 拆卸 / be safe from 免受 【课文原句】Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water. 人们将寺庙和其他文化遗址逐块拆解，运至一个不受河水侵袭的安全地带，再按原样复原。 take down 取下、记下、拆卸。课文里是“拆卸”的意思。piece by piece 一块一块地、逐块地。put...back together 重新组装。 be safe from 不受……而安全、免受……。safe and sound 安然无恙（固定搭配，作文里好用）。road/food safety 道路/食品安全。 注意了：safe 是形容词，safety 是名词，别搞混。be safe from 里 safe 是形容词作表语；ensure the safety of... 里 safety 是名词。这个词性转换考过。 【回扣课文】完成句子（结合课文） (1) Temples were __________ __________（拆卸）piece by piece. (2) ...put back together again in a place where they were __________ __________（免受）the water. 【往高考延伸】翻译句子 (1) 他们安然无恙地回来了。（safe and sound，固定搭配） (2) 警察首先要确保人们的生命安全。（ensure the safety of...，用名词 safety，不是形容词 safe） 点10 donate 捐赠 【课文原句】Fifty countries donated nearly $80 million to the project. 50个国家向该项目捐赠了近8千万美元。 donate 动词，（尤指向慈善机构）捐赠、赠送、献（血）。donate sth. to sb. 把某物捐给某人 = contribute sth. to sb.。donate blood 献血。 派生词：donation 名词，捐赠；make a donation/donations to 向……捐赠；donator 名词，捐赠者。 注意了：donate 的名词是 donation（去 e 加 ation），不是 donatation，别多写一个 a。 【回扣课文】完成句子（结合课文） (1) Fifty countries __________（捐赠）nearly $80 million to the project. (2) The old man donated a lot of money __________ the local school. = The old man made a __________ of a lot of money to the local school.（介词 + 名词形式） 【往高考延伸】 (1) Medical science has proved that __________（donate）blood is good for __________（donate）both physically and spiritually.（动名词作主语 + 名词捐赠者） (2) It is a duty for everyone __________（donate）blood for free.（It is a duty for sb. to do sth. 句型） 点11 not only...but also... 部分倒装 【课文原句】Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. 这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。 这是 not only...but also... 连接的并列句。当 not only 位于句首时，not only 分句要部分倒装（助动词提前），but also 分句不倒装。这个规则记住，语法填空必考。 本句中 not only 在句首，助动词 had 提到主语 the countries 之前，形成倒装。正常语序是：The countries had not only found a path..., but they had also learnt that... 部分倒装的规则：含有否定或半否定意义的词（not, little, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, few, by no means, under no condition, in no case, nowhere, at no time 等）置于句首时，句子用部分倒装（助动词/情态动词/be 动词提前）。 not only...but also... 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据就近原则。比如 Not only the students but also their teacher likes...（teacher 是单数，用 likes）。 【回扣课文】完成句子（结合课文） (1) Not only __________ the countries found a path..., but they had also learnt that...（助动词提前，用什么？） (2) Not only the students but also their teacher __________（read）English every day.（就近原则，teacher 是单数） 【往高考延伸】 (1) Not only __________ he speak English correctly, but he also speaks it fluently.（一般现在时，助动词提前） (2) We seldom think about how they work.（改成倒装句，Seldom 在句首，助动词提前） (3) Not only I but also you __________（be）to blame for this matter.（就近原则，you 后面用什么？） 点12 被动语态 【课文原句】Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing. 能体现这种精神的最好的例子或许就是联合国教科文组织，该组织有一项计划，旨在防止全球各地世界文化遗产的消失。 the best example is shown by UNESCO 是被动语态结构。被动语态的作用是让描述更客观，突出动作的承受者而不是执行者。若用主动语态则是：UNESCO shows the best example. 课文里被动语态用得很多：A committee was established...（委员会被成立）；a document was signed...（文件被签署）；temples were taken down...（寺庙被拆解）。新闻报道和说明文中被动语态很常见，因为更客观。 主动语态更强调人的主观性，被动语态使描述更客观。写作时根据需要选择。 被动语态的基本结构：be + 过去分词。各种时态的被动语态就是 be 动词的各种时态 + 过去分词。双宾语变被动有两种变法：把直接宾语变主语，或把间接宾语变主语。 【回扣课文】完成句子（结合课文） (1) Perhaps the best example __________ __________（show）by UNESCO.（被动语态） (2) A committee __________ __________（establish）to limit damage...（被动语态，过去时） 【往高考延伸】将下列句子变成被动语态 (1) We expect you to work harder for your bright future. (2) They gave their daughter a dictionary as a birthday gift.（双宾语变被动，两种变法都写出来） (3) We will clean the classroom after the meeting.（将来时被动） 四、语法小专题：四个句型一锅端 这单元语法点集中在四个句型，整理成表对比着记，语法填空和改错都爱考。 句型 结构 课文例句 & 考点 动名词作主语 V-ing + 谓语（单数） Finding and keeping the balance can be a big challenge. 动名词作主语谓语用单数；逻辑主语用所有格/物主代词；It is no use/a waste of time/fun doing 连动句式 主语 + do..., do... and do... Experts investigated, conducted, and made a proposal. 并列谓语时态一致，最后两个用 and 连接；伴随状语用现在分词，跟并列谓语分清 not only 倒装 Not only + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语, but also + 陈述语序 Not only had the countries found a path..., but they had also learnt... not only 在句首时 not only 分句部分倒装，but also 分句不倒装；否定词在句首都部分倒装；连接主语用就近原则 被动语态 be + 过去分词 The best example is shown by UNESCO. 被动语态更客观，突出承受者；各种时态 = be 的各种时态 + 过去分词；双宾语变被动有两种变法 【练一练】用所给词的正确形式填空或改错 (1) __________ (play) basketball is his hobby.（动名词作主语） (2) He jumped up, __________ (seize) the thief, and called the police.（并列谓语还是伴随状语？三个动作都做了） (3) Not only __________ he like English, but he also likes French.（一般现在时，助动词提前） (4) The classroom __________ __________ (clean) by us every day.（被动语态，一般现在时） (5) Seldom __________ I go to the cinema.（否定词在句首，部分倒装） (6) 改错：Not only the teacher but also the students likes English. → __________（就近原则，students 是复数） 五、巩固提升 Ⅰ. 课文缩写语篇填空 下面是课文缩写，10个空，把这单元的点全串起来了。做完这道，阿斯旺大坝的故事和语言点就清楚了。 In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile. But the proposal (1)__________ __________（导致）protests. This was because water from the dam would (2)__________（可能）damage many cultural relics. Then a committee was (3)__________（成立）to find a solution. Experts (4)__________（调查）the issue, (5)__________（进行）several tests, and then made a proposal. The project began in 1960 and ended in 1980. During those years, 22 temples were (6)__________ __________（拆卸）piece by piece, moved and put back together again in a place where they were (7)__________ __________（免受）the water. Fifty countries (8)__________（捐赠）nearly $80 million to the project. (9)__________ __________（不仅）had the countries found a path to the future, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together. If a problem seems too difficult for a single country, the (10)__________（全球的）community can sometimes provide a solution. Ⅱ. 课文句子翻译 1. 新旧更替的时代已经到来，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。（give way to; preserve） 2. 在发展与文化遗址保护之间找到恰当的平衡点可能是一项巨大的挑战。（动名词作主语; balance） 3. 巨大的挑战有时候会带来伟大的解决方案。（lead to; can 表“有时会”） 4. 埃及政府于1959年向联合国寻求帮助。（turn to sb. for help） 5. 寺庙被逐块拆解，运至安全地带再按原样复原。（take down; piece by piece; be safe from） 6. 这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多国合作的可能性。（not only 倒装） 六、动笔写一写 文物是社会进步的历史见证，是人类智慧的结晶。随着现代化发展，我国的文化遗产正在逐步减少。请结合本节课所学，谈一谈你对文物保护的看法以及文物保护的意义。80词左右。 要求：尽量用本单元的单词、短语和句型，如 give way to, preserve, be safe from, lead to, not only...but also..., 被动语态等。 按这个思路搭，别乱写： 开头——文物保护的重要性（preserve / give way to） 中间——面临的问题和挑战（lead to / balance / damage） 结尾——怎么解决，意义是什么（not only...but also... / 被动语态 / be safe from） 参考答案 答案在这了，自己对。错的回去看对应的语言点，别光抄——抄没用，得搞清楚为啥错。 二、课前热身 答案 1. give way to give way to 给……让路；向……让步。 2. balance balance 平衡，名词，the right balance 恰当的平衡。 3. lead to lead to 导致；引起。 4. likely likely 可能地，副词，修饰动词 damage。 5. turned to turn to sb. for help 向某人求助，过去式 turned。 6. prevent prevent 阻止，prevent the loss of 防止……的损失。 7. raised raise 筹集，过去式 raised，raise funds 筹集资金。 8. taken down take down 拆卸，被动语态 were taken down。 9. safe from be safe from 免受……，不受……而安全。 10. donated donate 捐赠，过去式 donated，donate sth. to sth.。 三、课堂探究 答案 点1 give way to/preserve 回扣(1)：give way to give way to 给……让路；让步。 回扣(2)：to preserve; escaping build sth. to do 不定式表目的；preserve...from doing 保护……免受……，from 是介词后跟动名词。 拓展(1)：give in to/give way to 向要求让步，give in to 和 give way to 都可以。 拓展(2)：give away give away 捐赠、赠送。 点2 动名词/balance/can 回扣(1)：Finding; keeping 动名词作主语，用 -ing 形式，两个动名词并列作主语。 回扣(2)：lost her balance lose one's balance 失去平衡，过去式 lost。 拓展(1)：Playing basketball is his hobby. 动名词作主语，谓语用单数 is。 拓展(2)：can can 表“有时会”，即使有经验的老师有时也会犯错，不是 must（必须）。 拓展(3)：balanced 修饰名词 diet 用形容词 balanced，均衡的饮食。 点3 lead to 回扣(1)：lead to lead to 导致；引起。 回扣(2)：Pride can lead to failure. lead to 后面跟名词 failure。 拓展(1)：Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion. lead to 后面跟名词短语。 拓展(2)：led to lead to 导致，过去式 led to，was 提示过去时。 点4 likely 回扣(1)：likely likely 可能地，副词，修饰动词 damage。 回扣(2)：It is likely that he will fail in the exam. / He is likely to fail in the exam. 两个句型都可以。 拓展：It is likely that he will win the game. be likely to do 转换成 It is likely that...，时态对应。 点5 turn to sb for help 回扣(1)：turned to turn to sb. for help 向某人求助，过去式 turned。 回扣(2)：to turn to whom to turn to，疑问词+不定式结构；turn to sb. 本身就表示“向某人求助”，无需再加 for help（题目只有三个空）。 拓展(1)：to whom turn to sb.，介词 to 提前，用 to whom。 拓展(2)：turned down turn down 拒绝，should have done 表示本不该做却做了。 点6 limit/prevent 回扣(1)：limit; prevent limit 限制；prevent 阻止，两个都是动词原形，跟在 to 后面。 回扣(2)：being carried prevent...from doing，from 是介词后跟动名词；plan 和 carry out 是被动关系，用 being carried。 拓展(1)：without limit without limit 无限制地，固定搭配。 拓展(2)：No one can prevent me from moving forward. prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事。 点7 raise 回扣(1)：raised raise 筹集，过去式 raised。 回扣(2)：raised 过去分词作后置定语，money 和 raise 是被动关系（钱被筹集），用 raised。 拓展(1)：being raised watch sth. being done 观看某物被……，flag 和 raise 是被动关系。 拓展(2)：raise public awareness raise public awareness 提高公众意识，固定搭配。 拓展(3)：raised in greenhouses; raised outdoors 过去分词作后置定语，tomatoes 和 raise（种植）是被动关系，用 raised。 点8 连动句式 回扣(1)：investigated; conducted; made 三个并列谓语，时态一致，都用过去式。 回扣(2)：held dressed, held, and ran 三个并列谓语，都做了，用过去式 held。别写成 holding，那是伴随状语。 拓展(1)：seized jumped, seized, and shook 三个并列谓语，用过去式 seized。 拓展(2)：drinking; staring lay 是谓语，drinking 和 staring 是现在分词作伴随状语，伴随着 lay。 点9 take down/be safe from 回扣(1)：taken down take down 拆卸，被动语态 were taken down。 回扣(2)：safe from be safe from 免受……。 拓展(1)：They came back, safe and sound. safe and sound 安然无恙，固定搭配，形容词短语作状语。 拓展(2)：The policemen should first ensure the safety of people's lives. ensure 后面跟名词，用 safety（名词），不是 safe（形容词）。 点10 donate 回扣(1)：donated donate 捐赠，过去式 donated。 回扣(2)：to; donation donate sth. to sb. 把某物捐给某人；make a donation of 捐赠，名词形式。 拓展(1)：donating; donators donating blood 动名词作主语；donators 名词，捐赠者，用复数。 拓展(2)：to donate It is a duty for sb. to do sth. 句型，用不定式 to donate。 点11 not only 倒装 回扣(1)：had not only 在句首，助动词 had 提前，部分倒装。 回扣(2)：reads not only...but also... 连接主语，就近原则，teacher 是单数，用 reads。 拓展(1)：does 一般现在时，not only 在句首，助动词 does 提前。 拓展(2)：do we think about how they work seldom 在句首，部分倒装，助动词 do 提前。 拓展(3)：are not only...but also... 连接主语，就近原则，you 后面用 are。 点12 被动语态 回扣(1)：is shown 被动语态，一般现在时，example 和 show 是被动关系。 回扣(2)：was established 被动语态，一般过去时，committee 和 establish 是被动关系。 拓展(1)：You are expected (by us) to work harder for your bright future. 被动语态，expect sb. to do 变成 sb. be expected to do。 拓展(2)：A dictionary was given to their daughter (by them) as a birthday gift. / Their daughter was given a dictionary (by them) as a birthday gift. 双宾语变被动，两种变法：把直接宾语 a dictionary 变主语，或把间接宾语 their daughter 变主语。 拓展(3)：The classroom will be cleaned (by us) after the meeting. 一般将来时被动，will be + 过去分词。 四、语法小专题 答案 (1) Playing 动名词作主语，用 -ing 形式。 (2) seized jumped, seized, and called 三个并列谓语，都做了，用过去式。 (3) does not only 在句首，一般现在时，助动词 does 提前。 (4)：is cleaned 被动语态，一般现在时，classroom 和 clean 是被动关系。 (5)：do seldom 在句首，部分倒装，助动词 do 提前。 (6)：likes → like not only...but also... 连接主语，就近原则，students 是复数，用 like 不用 likes。 五、巩固提升 答案 Ⅰ. 语篇填空 (1) led to lead to 导致，过去式 led to。 (2) likely likely 可能地，副词，修饰动词 damage。 (3) established 被动语态 was established，委员会被成立。 (4) investigated investigate 调查，过去式。 (5) conducted conduct 进行，过去式，跟 investigated 并列。 (6) taken down take down 拆卸，被动语态 were taken down。 (7) safe from be safe from 免受……。 (8) donated donate 捐赠，过去式。 (9) Not only not only 在句首，部分倒装。 (10) global globe 的形容词形式 global，全球的，修饰 community。 Ⅱ. 翻译 1. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past. There comes a time when... 固定句型；give way to 让步；preserve...from 保护……免受。 2. Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. 动名词作主语，谓语用单数 can be；balance 平衡。 3. Big challenges can sometimes lead to great solutions. can 表“有时会”；lead to 导致。 4. The government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. turn to sb. for help 向某人求助，过去式 turned。 5. Temples were taken down piece by piece, moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water. take down 拆卸；piece by piece 逐块地；be safe from 免受。 6. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. not only 在句首，部分倒装，助动词 had 提前；but also 分句不倒装。 六、动笔写一写 答案 参考范文（文物保护，约80词，加粗处为本单元词块/句型）： Cultural heritage is a witness to history and the treasure of human wisdom. With modern development, many old sites are giving way to new buildings, and some cultural relics are even being damaged. It is important for us to preserve these treasures. Not only should the government take action, but every citizen should also help. If cultural sites are well protected, they will be safe from destruction and can lead to a better understanding of our past. 词块/句型覆盖：give way to, preserve, not only...but also... 部分倒装, 被动语态（are being damaged / are well protected）, be safe from, lead to 共6处，满足题目"尽量用本单元单词、短语和句型"的要求。 写作思路：开头点出文物价值与现状（give way to / 被动语态），中间讲保护的重要性与各方责任（preserve / not only 倒装），结尾写保护后的意义（be safe from / lead to），三段式与题目给出的框架对应。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $