Unit 3 Getting along with others单元单词及语法专讲 导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语译林版必修第一册

参考答案 1.awkward 即时小练习 ①答案：awkwardly 解析：考查副词。句意：遇见老友时他尴尬地笑了笑。修饰动词smiled用副词awkwardly。故填awkwardly。 ②答案：awkwardness 解析：考查名词。句意：你能察觉他们之间的尴尬。the修饰名词，awkward的名词为awkwardness。故填awkwardness。 仿写练习（参考译文）：After the awkward silence,she finally broke the ice and spoke first. 2.comfort 即时小练习 ①答案：to comfort 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我受伤时他试图安慰我。固定搭配try to do尽力做某事。故填to comfort。 ②答案：comfortable 解析：考查形容词。句意：坦诚交谈后我感觉好受多了。felt为系动词，后接形容词作表语。故填comfortable。 仿写练习（参考译文）：When I was at my lowest,it was his word of comfort that held me up. 3.original 即时小练习 ①答案：Originally 解析：考查副词。句意：起初他们是全班最要好的朋友。修饰整个句子用副词，位于句首首字母大写。故填Originally。 ②答案：origin 解析：考查名词。句意：没人知道他们误会的起因。the后接名词，original的名词为origin。故填origin。 仿写练习（参考译文）：If we go back to our original promise,we will not lose each other. 4.ignore 即时小练习 ①答案：ignoring解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他故意不回我的消息。固定搭配ignore doing忽略做某事。故填ignoring。 ②答案：ignorance解析：考查名词。句意：他对我感受的忽视引起了争吵。形容词性物主代词his后接名词，ignore的名词为ignorance。故填ignorance。 仿写练习（参考译文）：Don't pretend not to see the disappointment in your friend's eyes. 5.chat 即时小练习 ①答案：chatting解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他和同桌聊了半小时。固定搭配spend time(in)doing。故填chatting。 ②答案：with解析：考查介词。句意：昨天我和老友愉快地聊了天。固定搭配have a chat with sb。故填with。 仿写练习（参考译文）：We sat down and chatted,as if we had never been apart. 6.recover 即时小练习 ①答案：to recover 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他花了好几个月才从争吵中恢复。固定句型It takes sb time to do。故填to recover。 ②答案：recovery 解析：考查名词。句意：我们祝她早日从糟糕经历中恢复。a quick修饰名词，recover的名词为recovery。故填recovery。 仿写练习（参考译文）：After losing his best friend,it took him a long time to slowly recover. 7.respond 即时小练习 ①答案：to 解析：考查介词。句意：你应用真诚回应父母的担忧。固定搭配respond to回应。故填to。 ②答案：response 解析：考查名词。句意：他对家人的批评未作任何回应。固定搭配make no response to，no修饰名词。故填 response。 ③答案：responded 解析：考查动词时态。句意：昨晚她平静地回应了那场争吵。由last night可知用一般过去 时。故填responded。 仿写练习（参考译文）：Faced with her child's rudeness,she chose to respond with patience rather than shout. 8.apologize 即时小练习 ①答案：to 解析：考查介词。句意：他为欠考虑的话向朋友道歉。固定搭配apologize to sb。故填to。 ②答案：apology 解析：考查名词。句意：他真诚地为错误道歉。make a sincere后接名词，apologize的名词为apology。故填apology。 仿写练习（参考译文）：She finally swallowed her pride and sincerely apologized to her friend. 9.judge 即时小练习 ①答案：Judging 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：从语气判断他仍生我的气。Judging from…作独立成分，不受主语和时态影响，只用现在分词。故填Judging。 ②答案：judgement 解析：考查名词。句意：处理朋友冲突时你需要运用判断力。your后接名词，judge的名词为judgement。故填judgement。 仿写练习（参考译文）：Don't be too quick to judge others'struggles that you know nothing about. 10.suffer 即时小练习 ①答案：from 解析：考查介词。句意：友谊破裂时许多青少年饱受孤独之苦。固定搭配suffer from遭受、患。故填from。 ②答案：suffering 解析：考查名词。句意：我们能看出他因友谊破裂而承受的痛苦。his后接名词，suffer的名词为suffering。故填suffering。 仿写练习（参考译文）：During the days after losing his friend,he chose to suffer in silence. 11.explode 即时小练习 ①答案：exploded 解析：考查动词时态。句意：上周得知真相后他勃然大怒。由last week可知用一般过去时。故填exploded。 ②答案：explosion 解析：考查名词。句意：负面情绪的突然爆发酿成可怕的争吵。the后接名词，explode的名词为explosion。故填explosion。 仿写练习（参考译文）：The moment he was misunderstood,his anger suddenly exploded. 12.generous 即时小练习 ①答案：generous 解析：考查形容词。句意：你应足够大度去原谅小过错。be后接形容词作表语。故填generous。 ②答案：generosity 解析：考查名词。句意：他的慷慨为他赢得同学的尊重。his后接名词，generous的名词为generosity。故填generosity。 仿写练习（参考译文）：He generously forgave his friend for a careless mistake. 13.theme 即时小练习 ①答案：themes 解析：考查名词复数。句意：友谊是青少年写作的主要主题之一。one of后接可数名词复数。故填themes。 ②答案：Themed 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：以深厚友谊为主题，这部电影自上映就备受欢迎。be themed around…表 “以……为主题”，用过去分词作状语，句首大写。故填Themed。 仿写练习（参考译文）：The theme of this activity is learning to listen and share. 14.opinion 即时小练习 ①答案：his 解析：考查代词。句意：在他看来坦率的交流能修复多数冲突。固定搭配in one's opinion，与he对应。故填his。 ②答案：opinions 解析：考查名词复数。句意：人们对友谊持不同看法。different修饰可数名词复数。故填opinions。 仿写练习（参考译文）：No matter how different their opinions are,friends should respect each other. 15.respect 即时小练习 ①答案：for 解析：考查介词。句意：我们应尊重朋友真实的想法。固定搭配show respect for。故填for。 ②答案：respecting/to be respected 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：亲密关系里每个朋友都值得被尊重。deserve doing＝deserve to be done，主动形式表被动，也可用不定式被动。故填respecting/to be respected。 ③答案：respective 解析：考查形容词。句意：聚会后他们各自回到自己的家。修饰homes用形容词respective“各自的”。故填respective。 仿写练习（参考译文）：She won everyone's respect because of her honesty. 16.efficient 即时小练习 ①答案：efficiently 解析：考查副词。句意：我们应高效地处理朋友冲突。副词修饰动词deal with。故填efficiently。 ②答案：efficiency 解析：考查名词。句意：面对面交流的高效不容忽视。the修饰名词，efficient的名词为efficiency。故填efficiency。 仿写练习（参考译文）：They had an efficient and frank conversation. 17.measure 即时小练习 ①答案：measures 解析：考查名词复数。句意：我们应采取有效措施修复破裂的友谊。固定搭配take measures to do，措施常用复数。故填measures。 ②答案：be measured 解析：考查被动语态。句意：友谊不能仅以相处时间来衡量。friendship与measure为被动，cannot后接be done。故填be measured。 仿写练习（参考译文）：A person's true character should be measured in times of hardship. 18.seek 即时小练习 ①答案：to clear 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他试图消除两人间的误会。固定搭配seek to do试图做某事。故填to clear。 ②答案：sought 解析：考查动词时态。句意：他就交友问题向老师请教。seek的过去式为sought，叙述过去用一般过去时。故填sought。 仿写练习（参考译文）：He gathered his courage to seek advice from his teacher. 19.escape 即时小练习 ①答案：facing 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：没人能逃避面对友谊冲突。escape后接动名词doing，不接to do。故填facing。 ②答案：to escape 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：没有办法摆脱这痛苦的处境。固定搭配no way to do。故填to escape。 仿写练习（参考译文）：He tried to escape from the conflict but got more deeply trapped. 20.benefit 即时小练习 ①答案：from 解析：考查介词。句意：青少年从真挚友谊中获益良多。固定搭配benefit from得益于。故填from。 ②答案：beneficial 解析：考查形容词。句意：这段经历对你很有益。is后接形容词作表语，benefit的形容词为beneficial。故填beneficial。 仿写练习（参考译文）：We all benefit a lot from this friendship. 21.recognize 即时小练习 ①答案：recognized 解析：考查动词时态。句意：昨天我在人群中立刻认出了前好友。由yesterday可知用一般过去时。故填recognized。 ②答案：having made 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他承认在争吵中犯了错。recognize doing承认做过某事，且“犯错”先于“承认”，用现在分词完成式。故填having made。 ③答案：recognition 解析：考查名词。句意：他的勇气赢得了公众的认可。public修饰名词，recognize的名词为recognition。故填recognition。 仿写练习（参考译文）：He finally recognized that he himself had been wrong. 22.company 即时小练习 ①答案：him 解析：考查代词。句意：在他艰难的时光我陪伴着他。固定搭配keep sb company，sb用宾格。故填him。 仿写练习（参考译文）：Thank you for keeping me company all the way so that I no longer feel lonely. 23.admire 即时小练习 ①答案：for 解析：考查介词。句意：我钦佩他向朋友道歉的勇气。固定搭配admire sb for sth。故填for。 ②答案：admiration 解析：考查名词。句意：我非常钦佩他的慷慨。great修饰名词，admire的名词为admiration。故填admiration。 仿写练习（参考译文）：I admire him for never giving in to difficulties. 24.case 即时小练习 ①答案：In 解析：考查介词短语。句意：万一你感到受伤，就说真心话。固定搭配in case万一，句首首字母大写。故填In。 ②答案：cases 解析：考查名词复数。句意：朋友间的冲突有许多不同情形。many different修饰可数名词复数。故填cases。 仿写练习（参考译文）：In case of emergency,please turn to someone you trust for help. 25.contact 即时小练习 ①答案：with 解析：考查介词。句意：我们应和老友保持联系。固定搭配keep in contact with。故填with。 ②答案：has lost 解析：考查动词时态。句意：自那次争吵后，汤姆已和杰克失去联系。由since the quarrel可知用现在完成时。故填has lost。 仿写练习（参考译文）：Please keep in contact with me at any time. 二、核心短语 1.on the rocks 即时小练习 ①答案：on 解析：考查介词。句意：那次事件后他们长久的友谊濒临破裂。固定搭配go on the rocks陷入困境。故填on。 仿写练习（参考译文）：One misunderstanding brought their friendship to the rocks. 2.out of one's sight 即时小练习 ①答案：of 解析：考查介词。句意：那位愤怒的朋友一言不发走出了我的视线。固定搭配out of one's sight。故填of。 仿写练习（参考译文）：She did not run after her friend until he was out of sight. 3.make it 即时小练习 ①答案：it 解析：考查代词。句意：恐怕我今天无法赶到咖啡馆了。固定搭配make it to…能够到达。故填it。 仿写练习（参考译文）：We finally made it through the hardest times. 4.at a loss 即时小练习 ①答案：at 解析：考查介词。句意：友谊破裂时，许多青少年不知所措。固定搭配be at a loss。故填at。 仿写练习（参考译文）：Faced with her friend's apology,she was at a loss how to respond. 5.in the wrong 即时小练习 ①答案：in 解析：考查介词。句意：若错在你，最好向朋友道歉。固定搭配be in the wrong。故填in。 仿写练习（参考译文）：Knowing he was in the wrong,he was slow to back down. 6.let go of 即时小练习 ①答案：of 解析：考查介词。句意：别让珍贵的友谊因小错而失去。固定搭配let go of。故填of。 仿写练习（参考译文）：She finally let go of the old grudge that had hurt her. 7.eat away at 即时小练习 ①答案：at 解析：考查介词。句意：不诚实会侵蚀真挚友谊的基础。固定搭配eat away at。故填at。 仿写练习（参考译文）：Suspicion is gradually eating away at their longtime friendship. 8.come between…and… 即时小练习 ①答案：and 解析：考查连词。句意：别让流言离间你与好友。固定搭配come between A and B。故填and。 仿写练习（参考译文）：Don't let a misunderstanding come between you and him. 9.high point 即时小练习 ①答案：points 解析：考查名词复数。句意：分享快乐是真挚友谊最动人的部分之一。one of后接可数名词复数。故填points。 仿写练习（参考译文）：Winning the championship together was the high point of our team. 10.through thick and thin 即时小练习 ①答案：through 解析：考查介词。句意：真正的朋友在顺逆境中相互扶持。固定搭配through thick and thin。故填through。 仿写练习（参考译文）：She stayed by her friend's side through thick and thin. 11.get over 即时小练习 ①答案：over 解析：考查介词。句意：她花了很长时间才走出失去朋友的痛苦。固定搭配get over。故填over。 仿写练习（参考译文）：It took her a long time to get over the hurt of that quarrel. 12.bring out 即时小练习 ①答案：out 解析：考查副词。句意：艰难时刻能激发出人最好的品质。固定搭配bring out。故填out。 仿写练习（参考译文）：A true friend can bring out the best in you. 13.smooth out 即时小练习 ①答案：out 解析：考查副词。句意：我们应在情况恶化前消除分歧。固定搭配smooth out。故填out。 仿写练习（参考译文）：One frank talk smoothed out the misunderstanding between them. 14.be meant to do sth 即时小练习 ①答案：to support 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：朋友注定要共渡难关。固定搭配be meant to do。故填to support。 仿写练习（参考译文）：We were meant to be lifelong friends to each other. 15.take on 即时小练习 ①答案：on 解析：考查副词。句意：那番谈话后，他们的友谊焕然一新。固定搭配take on呈现。故填on。 仿写练习（参考译文）：After making up,their friendship took on a new look. 16.in full measure 即时小练习 ①答案：in full measure 解析：考查介词短语。句意：我们应最大限度地珍惜友谊。固定搭配in full measure。故填in full measure。 仿写练习（参考译文）：Please treasure,in full measure,the one who has always stayed by your side. 三、语法专项：限制性定语从句（关系代词） 在空格处填入恰当的关系代词，必要时可省略的请标注“可省”。 ①答案：that/who 解析：考查关系代词。句意：那个获得一等奖的学生来自我们班。先行词the student指人，关系词在从句中作主语（won缺主语），用that/who，作主语不可省略。故填that/who。 ②答案：that/which（可省） 解析：考查关系代词。句意：你上周借我的那本书非常有用。先行词the book指物，关系词在从句you lent me中作宾语，用that/which，作宾语可省略。故填that/which（可省）。 ③答案：whose 解析：考查关系代词。句意：那条整夜狗叫的邻居最终搬走了。先行词the neighbor与从句中dog为所属关系，从句缺定语“……的”，用whose。故填whose。 ④答案：that/which（可省） 解析：考查关系代词。句意：这是我们在北京参观过的那座博物馆吗？先行词the museum指物，关系词在从句we visited中作宾语，用that/which，可省略。故填that/which（可省）。 ⑤答案：that（可省） 解析：考查关系代词。句意：他是我不曾遇到过的最慷慨的人。先行词person被形容词最高级the most generous修饰，定语从句只能用that引导，不能用which/who。that在从句中作met的宾语，作宾语时可省略。故填that（可省）。 ⑥答案：that（可省） 解析：考查关系代词。句意：他在会上承诺的一切都实现了。先行词为不定代词all，定语从句只能用that引导。that在从句中作promised的宾语，作宾语时可省略。故填that（可省）。 ⑦答案：whom 解析：考查“介词＋关系代词”。句意：记者与之交谈的那位工程师设计了这座桥。介词to被提到从句前面，先行词the engineer指人，介词后面指人只能用whom，不能用who或that，且此时不能省略。故填whom。 ⑧答案：whose 解析：考查关系代词。句意：去年冬天窗户被打碎的那栋房子如今已经修好了。从句“____windows were broken”中主谓齐全，只缺定语“（房子的）”，先行词与windows是所属关系，指物同样用whose（＝the windows of which）。故填whose。 ⑨答案：whom/who/that（可省） 解析：考查关系代词。句意：我们在养老院照看的那位老人十分开朗。先行词the old man指人，关系词在从句we looked after中作looked after的宾语，用whom/who/that；在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。故填whom/who/that（可省）。 ⑩答案：who 解析：考查关系代词。句意：想加入俱乐部的人必须在周五前报名。先行词those（指人，“那些人”），从句缺主语，指人作主语用who；those作先行词时习惯用who而不用that，且作主语绝对不能省略。故填who。 ⑪答案：that 解析：考查只用that不用which的情况。句意：他对这个计划知之甚少，因而酿成大错。先行词little是不定代词，定语从句只能用that引导，不能用which；that在从句中作knew的宾语，理论上可省，但省略后易与主句混读，习惯上保留。故填that。 ⑫答案：which 解析：考查“介词＋关系代词”。句意：他小时候住过的那栋房子已被拆除。介词in被提到从句前面，先行词the house指物，介词后面指物只能用which，不能用that，也不能省略。故填which。 ⑬答案：that（可省） 解析：考查只用that不用which的情况。句意：这正是我父亲送给我的那支笔。先行词pen被the very修饰，定语从句只能用that，不能用which；从句my father gave me缺直接宾语，that作宾语时可以省略。故填that（可省）。 ⑭答案：that/in which（可省） 解析：考查先行词为way的定语从句。句意：我不喜欢他跟父母说话的那种口气。先行词the way表“方式”，从句he talks to his parents结构完整，只缺方式状语，用that或in which引导，且两者都可省略（即此空可不填）；which不能单独引导，也不用where。故填that/in which（可省或不填）。 ⑮答案：that（可省） 解析：考查只用that不用which/who的情况。句意：我们谈到了去年参观过的那些老师和学校。先行词the teachers and the schools既有人又有物，定语从句只能用that引导；that在从句中作visited的宾语，作宾语时可以省略。故填that（可省）。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit3 Getting along with others单元单词及语法专讲 一、核心单词 1.awkward adj.局促不安的；令人尴尬的；笨拙的 ✅教材原句：It was an awkward moment when nobody said a word.所有人一言不发，那是一个令人尴尬的时刻。 🔧固定搭配： ▸an awkward moment令人尴尬的时刻 例句：There was an awkward moment after our quarrel.我们争吵之后出现了一段令人尴尬的时刻。 ▸feel awkward感到局促不安 例句：He felt awkward when he met his former best friend.当遇见昔日好友时，他感到局促不安。 📌词性转换： ▸awkwardly adv.尴尬地；笨拙地 例句：He smiled awkwardly and said nothing.他尴尬地笑了笑，一言不发。 ▸awkwardness n.尴尬；窘迫 例句：Awkwardness filled the room between the two friends.尴尬笼罩在两个朋友之间。 📝即时小练习 ①She smiled________________(awkward)when she met her old friend. ②You can sense the________________(awkward)between them. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：There was an awkward silence at the table,and nobody dared to bring up the argument.饭桌上出现了尴尬的沉默，谁也不敢提起那场争吵。 🔹熟词生义：①（人）局促不安；②（局面）令人尴尬；③（动作/身体）笨拙——读后续写写“和解前的尴尬”高频。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：It takes courage to break an awkward silence and say the first word.鼓起勇气打破尴尬的沉默、开口说出第一句话，是需要勇气的。 ✨仿写练习：尴尬的沉默过后，她终于先开了口。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：an awkward silence一段尴尬的沉默——用于制造冷战僵局。 例句：An awkward silence hung between them until one smiled first.一段尴尬的沉默悬在两人之间，直到其中一人先笑了。 2.comfort n.舒服，安慰vt.宽慰，抚慰 ✅教材原句：Friends can give you comfort when you feel upset.当你难过的时候朋友可以给予你安慰。 🔧固定搭配： ▸give comfort to sb给予某人安慰 例句：My best friend gave me much comfort in hard times.我最好的朋友在艰难时刻给予我很多安慰。 ▸comfort sb for/over sth因某事安慰某人 例句：She comforted me for/over my loss of friendship.她安慰我失去友谊这件事。 📌词性转换： ▸comfortable adj.舒适的；宽慰的 例句：I felt comfortable after his comforting words.听完他安慰的话语，我心里好受多了。 📝即时小练习 ①He tried________________(comfort)me when I was hurt. ②I felt________________(comfort)after our sincere talk. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·语法填空）…help the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员说英语时更自在、更自信。（comfort同源形容词comfortable，考并列形容词comfortable and confident） 🔹搭配拓展：comfort sb with sth用某事安慰某人；in comfort舒适地；a word of comfort一句宽慰话。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：A word of comfort at the right moment means more than a hundred empty promises.恰逢其时的一句安慰，胜过一百句空洞的承诺。 ✨仿写练习：在我最难过的时候，是他的一句安慰撑住了我。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：comfort sb with a warm hug用一个拥抱安慰某人——用于情感抚慰。 例句：She said nothing but comforted her friend with a long,warm hug.她什么也没说，只是用一个长长的温暖拥抱安慰了朋友。 3.original adj.起初的；独创的；原作的n.原件，原稿 ✅教材原句：Our original friendship was built on trust and honesty.我们最初的友谊建立在信任与诚实之上。 🔧固定搭配： ▸original idea原创想法 例句：She came up with an original idea to repair their friendship.她想出了一个修复他们友谊的新颖主意。 ▸the original plan最初的计划 例句：We gave up our original plan because of the quarrel.因为这次争吵我们放弃了最初的计划。 📌词性转换： ▸origin n.起源，源头 例句：Nobody knows the origin of their conflict.没人知道他们冲突的起因。 ▸originally adv.起初，原来 例句：They originally planned to go to the cafe together.他们原本计划一起去咖啡馆。 📝即时小练习 ①________________(original),they were the closest friends in the whole class. ②No one knew the________________(original)of their misunderstanding. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Her original explanation sounded reasonable,but further digging revealed a different truth.她最初的解释听起来合理，深挖后却另有真相。 🔹熟词生义：①起初的、原来的（＝initial）；②独创的、新颖的（＝creative）；名词“原件、原稿”。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：Behind every original idea often lies a long history of imitation.每一个独创想法背后，往往都有一段漫长模仿的历史。 ✨仿写练习：回到我们最初的约定，才不会走散。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：back to where it all began回到最初——用于首尾呼应、找回初心。 例句：They went back to the original bench where their friendship had first begun.他们回到最初那把长椅——友 谊正是从那里开始的。 4.ignore vt.忽视，对……不予理会 ✅教材原句：What will you do if your friend ignores you?如果你的朋友对你置之不理，你会怎么做？ 🔧固定搭配： ▸ignore one’s feelings忽视某人的感受 例句：You should not ignore your friend’s true feelings.你不应该忽视你朋友真实的感受。 ▸cannot be ignored不容忽视 例句：The pain from broken friendship cannot be ignored.破碎友谊带来的痛苦不容忽视。 📌词性转换： ▸ignorant adj.无知的；不知情的 例句：He was ignorant of how much he had hurt me.他不知道自己把我伤得有多深。 ▸ignorance n.无知，不知情 例句：Much conflict comes from ignorance of others’ feelings.很多冲突源于对他人感受的漠视。 📝即时小练习 ①He ignored________________(reply)to my messages. ②His________________(ignore)of my feelings caused our quarrel. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：If you keep ignoring your friend’s true feelings,no apology can repair the friendship.若你一直无视朋友的真实感受，再多的道歉也修不好这段友谊。 🔹辨析：ignore（故意不理）↔neglect（疏忽、疏于照顾）↔overlook（无意间忽略）。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：It is easier to forgive an argument than to ignore a silent hurt.原谅一场争吵，远比忽视一种无声的伤害更容易。 ✨仿写练习：不要假装没看见朋友眼里的那份失落。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：ignore sb on purpose故意不理某人——用于刻画冷战。 例句：He pretended not to see her,ignoring her waving hand on purpose.他假装没看见她，故意不理她在空中挥动的手。 5.chat vi.&n.聊天，闲聊 ✅教材原句：We used to chat for hours about our daily life.我们过去常常聊几小时我们的日常生活。 🔧固定搭配： ▸chat with sb与某人聊天 例句：I often chat with my classmates after class.课后我经常和同学们聊天。 ▸have a chat with sb和某人聊一聊 例句：You should have a chat with your friend to clear up misunderstanding.你应该和你的朋友聊一聊消除误会。 📝即时小练习 ①He spent half an hour________________(chat)with his deskmate. ②I had a pleasant chat________________my old friend yesterday. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：We sat in the cafe,chatting for hours about everything under the sun.我们坐在咖啡馆畅聊数小时，无话不谈。 🔹搭配拓展：chat sb up攀谈；chat away聊个没完；语气比talk/discuss更轻松。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：Nothing heals a broken friendship faster than an unhurried chat over tea.没有什么比一顿茶、一场不赶时间的闲聊更能修复破碎的友谊。 ✨仿写练习：我们坐下聊天，好像从没有分开过。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：chat away the hours聊着聊着就过了几小时——用于和解后的亲密。 例句：Sitting side by side,they chatted away the whole afternoon as if nothing had happened.并肩而坐，他们聊了整整一下午，仿佛什么都没发生过。 6.recover vi.&vt.恢复健康；全额收回；恢复 ✅教材原句：It took me a long time to recover from our quarrel.我花了很长时间才从我们的争吵中恢复过来。 🔧固定搭配： ▸recover from sth从……中恢复过来 例句：It takes time to recover from a broken friendship.从破碎的友谊中恢复过来需要时间。 ▸recover one’s confidence重拾信心 例句：She slowly recovered her confidence after the failure.失败之后她慢慢重拾信心。 📌词性转换： ▸recovery n.恢复；康复 例句：His recovery from the painful experience was slow.他从这段痛苦经历中恢复得很慢。 📝即时小练习 ①It took him months________________(recover)from the painful quarrel with his friend. ②We wish her a quick________________(recover)from the bad experience. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：It took her months to recover from the argument and learn to trust again.她花了好几个月才从那次争吵中恢复、重新学会信任。 🔹搭配拓展：recover lost files找回丢失的文件。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：It is not weakness to fall;the real strength lies in how you recover.跌倒不是软弱，真正的力量在于你如何站起来。 ✨仿写练习：失去挚友后，他花很久才慢慢恢复。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：slowly recover a smile慢慢恢复笑容——用于疗伤过程。 例句：Days later,he was finally able to slowly recover a faint smile.几天后，他终于能慢慢浮起一丝浅浅的笑。 7.respond vi.回答，回应；作出反应 ✅教材原句：How would you respond if your close friend ignored you?如果你的密友无视你，你会如何回应？ 🔧固定搭配： ▸respond to sth对……作出回应/反应 例句：You should respond to your parents’ concerns patiently.你应当耐心回应父母的顾虑。 ▸respond with sth以……作出回应 例句：He responded with silence instead of shouting.他选择沉默而不是大吼大叫作为回应。 📌词性转换： ▸response n.回应；答复 例句：He gave no response to my suggestion.他对我的建议没有作出答复。 📝即时小练习 ①You should respond________________your parents’ worries with sincerity. ②He made no________________(respond)to the criticism from his family. ③She________________(respond)calmly to the quarrel last night. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2024新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇）Since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable?由于我们越来越多地使用观测数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：这些数据可用吗？（respond to对……作出反应） 🔹例句：How parents respond to a teen’s anger often decides how the quarrel ends.父母如何回应青少年的怒气，往往决定了争吵如何收场。 🔹用法提示：respond to对……作出回应/反应；respond with以……回应；名词response；respond to criticism虚心接受批评。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：If we respond to anger with calm rather than shouting,conflicts cool down quickly.若以冷静而非吼叫回应愤怒，冲突会很快降温。 ✨仿写练习：面对孩子的顶撞，她选择了耐心回应而不是厉声呵斥。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：respond with a smile以微笑回应——用于化解冲突 例句（读后续写亲情和解主题高频表达）：Instead of arguing,he responded with a hug,and the tension melted away.他没有争辩，而是用一个拥抱回应，紧张顿时消融。 8.apologize vi.道歉 ✅教材原句：He refused to apologize for what he had said.他拒绝为自己所说的话道歉。 🔧固定搭配： ▸apologize to sb向某人道歉 例句：You ought to apologize to your friend for your rude words.你应该为你粗鲁的话语向你的朋友道歉。 ▸apologize for sth为某事道歉 例句：She apologized for ignoring my feelings.她为忽视我的感受而道歉。 📌词性转换： ▸apology n.道歉 例句：He made a sincere apology to his best friend.他向他最好的朋友作出了真诚的道歉。 📝即时小练习 ①He apologized________________his friend for his thoughtless remarks. ②He made a sincere________________(apologize)for his mistake. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：It takes real courage to apologize to a friend before you are sure who was wrong.在没弄清谁对谁错时就向朋友道歉，是需要真正勇气的。 🔹搭配拓展：apologize to sb for(doing)sth因某事向某人道歉；make an apology to sb for sth；owe sb an apology欠某人一个道歉——本单元“修复友谊”写作核心词块。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：To apologize first is not to lose face,but to value the friendship more.先道歉不是丢面子，而是把这份友谊看得更重。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ✨仿写练习：她终于放下自尊，真诚地向朋友道了歉。 📖读后续写素材：swallow one’s pride and apologize放下自尊去道歉——用于破冰时刻。 例句：He swallowed his pride,walked over,and apologized quietly.他放下自尊，走了过去，轻声道了歉。 9.judge vt.&vi.评价；判断n.法官；裁判员 ✅教材原句：You should not judge your friend only by one small mistake.你不应该仅凭一个小小的错误评判你 的朋友。 🔧固定搭配： ▸judge sb by/from sth根据某事评判某人 例句：We should not judge a person only by his words.我们不应该仅凭言语评判一个人。 ▸judging by/judging from根据……判断（独立成分） 例句：Judging from his look,he was deeply hurt.从他的神情判断，他受到了深深的伤害。 📌词性转换： ▸judgement n.判断；判断力 例句：Good friendship needs good judgement.良好的友谊需要良好的判断力。 📝即时小练习 ①________________(judge)from his tone,he was still angry with me. ②You need to use your________________(judge)when dealing with friend conflicts. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Never judge a friend by one bad day,just as you wouldn’t want to be judged by your worst moment.别用糟糕的一天评判朋友，正如你也不愿因最糟时刻被评判。 🔹辨析：judging by/from…作独立结构置句首，不受主语和时态影响，只用现在分词；judgement n.，in one’s judgement依某人判断。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：Never judge a friend by a single mistake,for you too have days you would rather forget.别因一个错误评判朋友，因为你也有宁愿遗忘的日子。 ✨仿写练习：不要轻易评判他人你不知道的挣扎。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：be quick to judge急于下判断——用于误会成因。 例句：He had been too quick to judge his friend without asking first.他还没问清楚就太急于评判朋友了。 10.suffer/ˈsʌfə(r)/vi.受苦，受折磨；变差vt.遭受，蒙受 ✅教材原句：Many teenagers suffer from painful friendship conflicts.很多青少年遭受痛苦的友谊冲突的折磨。 🔧固定搭配： ▸suffer from遭受；患（病） 例句：Some teenagers suffer from loneliness after losing friends.一些青少年失去朋友之后饱受孤独的折磨。 ▸suffer pain/loss遭受痛苦/损失 例句：She suffered great pain when their friendship ended.当他们的友谊终结，她承受了巨大痛苦。 📌词性转换： ▸suffering n.痛苦，苦难 例句：I saw his suffering after the quarrel.我看到了争吵之后他的痛苦。 📝即时小练习 ①Many teens suffer________________loneliness when friendship breaks down. ②We can see his________________(suffer)from the failed friendship. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2022·浙江1月·完形填空）…discovered that they were largely suffering in silence.发现他们很大程度上都在一声不吭地默默受苦。（suffer in silence默默承受，完形设空） 🔹熟词生义：suffer from＋疾病/困境（患……、受……折磨）；suffer＋pain/loss/defeat（遭受痛苦/损失/失败）；suffering n.苦难。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：Silence does not hide pain;it only lets friends watch you suffer from a distance.沉默藏不住痛苦，它 只是让朋友在远处看着你煎熬。 ✨仿写练习：失去朋友的那段日子，他默默承受着痛苦。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：suffer in silence默默受苦——用于孤独描写。 例句：Too proud to speak up,she chose to suffer in silence.她骄傲得不肯开口，选择了默默承受。 11.explode vi.&vt.爆炸；（情绪）爆发，迸发 ✅教材原句：His anger exploded after he misunderstood his friend’s words.在误解朋友的话语之后，他的怒火爆发了。 🔧固定搭配： ▸explode with anger勃然大怒，怒火爆发 例句：He exploded with anger when he found he was tricked by his friend.当发现被朋友欺骗时，他勃然大怒。 ▸explode into sth突然爆发成（某种情绪） 例句：Their small disagreement exploded into a terrible quarrel.他们小小的分歧突然演变成一场激烈的争吵。 📌词性转换： ▸explosion n.爆炸；（情绪的）爆发 例句：The explosion of anger destroyed their long‑time friendship.怒火的爆发毁掉了他们长久的友谊。 📝即时小练习 ①He________________(explode)with anger when he knew the truth last week. ②The sudden________________(explode)of bad feelings caused the horrible quarrel. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）…or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.……把整个饺子塞进嘴里，让滚烫的汤汁在舌尖炸开。（explode迸发、炸开） 🔹拓展搭配：explode into tears/laughter突然哭/笑起来 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：Unspoken anger does not disappear;it only waits to explode.没说出口的愤怒不会消失，它只是等待着爆发。 ✨仿写练习：被误解的那一刻，他的怒火猛地爆发。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：explode with anger怒火爆发了——用于冲突爆发。 例句：He exploded with anger before he could stop himself,and instantly regretted it.他还没来得及克制就怒火爆发了，随即追悔莫及。 12.generous adj.宽宏大量的，仁慈的；慷慨的 ✅教材原句：Be generous and try to forgive your friend’s small mistakes.宽宏大量一点，试着原谅朋友的小错误。 🔧固定搭配： ▸be generous to sb对某人宽宏大量/慷慨 例句：You should be generous to your friend’s minor faults.你应当对朋友的小过错宽宏大量。 ▸be generous with sth在……方面慷慨大方 例句：She is generous with her time to help friends in trouble.她愿意花时间帮助身处困境的朋友。 📌词性转换： ▸generosity n.慷慨；宽宏大量 例句：I admired his generosity towards his former friend.我敬佩他对昔日朋友的宽宏大量。 📝即时小练习 ①You should be________________(generosity)enough to forgive small mistakes. ②His________________(generous)won him respect among his classmates. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：The most generous gift a friend can give is the willingness to forgive.朋友能给出的最慷慨的礼物，是愿意原谅。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：True generosity in friendship is measured not by what you give,but by what you are willing to forgive.友谊中真正的慷慨，不在于你给了什么，而在于你愿意原谅什么。 ✨仿写练习：他慷慨地原谅了朋友一次无心的过错。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：generous with one’s time在时间上慷慨——用于陪伴主题。 例句：He was always generous with his time,staying late to help his friend practise.他从不吝啬自己的时间，总是留到很晚陪朋友练习。 13.theme n.主题；主旋律 ✅教材原句：The main theme of his blog was teenage friendship.他博客的主题是青少年友谊。 🔧固定搭配： ▸the theme of……的主题 例句：Trust is the main theme of true friendship.信任是真挚友谊的主题。 ▸be themed around/with主题 例句：The article is themed around getting along with friends.这篇文章的以和朋友相处为主题。 📝即时小练习 ①Friendship is one of the major________________(theme)in teenage writing. ②________________(theme) around deep friendship,the movie has become very popular since it came out. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：The theme of the speech was simple but powerful:treat others the way you wish to be treated.演讲主题简单却有力：你希望被怎样对待，就怎样对待他人。 🔹搭配拓展：themed around/with以……为主题——应用文介绍活动/展览高频词。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：The theme of our upcoming event is“Understanding Each Other”,which calls on every student to listen before judging.我们即将举办的活动主题为“学会理解”，号召每位学生在评判前先倾听。 ✨仿写练习：这次活动的主题是学会倾听与分享。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：a common theme一个共同主题——用于点题升华。 例句：Kindness,she realized,was the common theme of every story her grandmother told.她意识到，善良是奶奶讲的每一个故事共同的主题。 14.opinion n.意见，看法；（群体的）观点，信仰 ✅教材原句：Teenagers attach great importance to their friends’ opinions.青少年十分看重朋友的看法。 🔧固定搭配： ▸in one’s opinion在某人看来（见短语板块） 例句：In my opinion,true friendship needs trust and honesty.在我看来，真挚的友谊需要信任和诚实。 ▸one’s opinion on sth某人对某事的看法 例句：I respect your opinion on this friendship problem.我尊重你对于这个友谊问题的看法。 📝即时小练习 ①In________________(he)opinion,frank communication can fix most conflicts. ②Different people hold different________________(opinion)about friendship. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2021·全国甲卷·书面表达参考范文）In my opinion,when in trouble,we should seek help from those we trust mostly.依我之见，遇困时应向最信任的人求助。（in one’s opinion在某人看来） 🔹搭配拓展：in one’s opinion在某人看来；hold/share an opinion持有/交换观点；an opinion on/about sth对某事的看法。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：Respecting a different opinion does not mean giving up your own.尊重不同的看法，并不意味着放弃自己的立场。 ✨仿写练习：无论观点多么不同，朋友之间都应彼此尊重。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：keep one’s opinion to oneself把看法藏在心里——用于隐忍/误会。 例句：She kept her true opinion to herself,afraid of losing him.她把真实的想法藏在心里，害怕失去他。 15.respect n.&vt.尊重，尊敬 ✅教材原句：True friendship is built on mutual respect.真挚的友谊建立在互相尊重之上。 🔧固定搭配： ▸show respect for sb/sth对……表示尊重 例句：We should show respect for our friends’ different feelings and opinions.我们应当尊重朋友不一样的感受与 看法。 ▸win respect from sb赢得某人的尊重 例句：He won respect from his classmates for his frankness.他因为坦率赢得了同学们的尊重。 ▸respect sb for sth因某事尊重某人 例句：I respect my friend for his willingness to apologize for his fault.我尊重我的朋友愿意为自己的错误道歉。 📌词性转换： ▸respectful adj.恭敬的，有礼貌的（修饰人，对别人怀有敬意） 例句：Teenagers should be respectful towards their friends’ choices.青少年应当尊重朋友的选择。 ▸respective adj.分别的，各自的（⚠不表“尊重”，高频易混） 例句：They went back to their respective bedrooms after the talk.谈话结束后他们回到各自的卧室。 📝即时小练习 ①We should show respect________________our friends’ real thoughts. ②Every friend deserves________________(respect)in close relationships. ③They returned to their________________(respect)homes after the gathering. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2023·全国甲卷·书面表达参考范文）His teachings shaped the moral foundation of Chinese culture,fostering respect for authority,harmonious relationships,and the pursuit of knowledge.他的教诲塑造了中国文化的道德根基，培养对权威的尊重、和谐的人际关系和对知识的追求。 🔹辨析：⚠高频易混三兄弟——respectful（对人恭敬的）/respective（各自的）/respectable（体面、可敬的）；show respect for/win respect from/respect sb for sth。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：Respect turns a mere acquaintance into a lasting friendship.尊重能把一段泛泛之交变成一生的友谊。 ✨仿写练习：她因为诚实赢得了所有人的尊重。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：earn respect through actions用行动赢得尊重——用于人物转变。 例句：By quietly helping everyone,he gradually earned their respect.通过默默地帮助每个人，他渐渐赢得了大家的尊重。 16.efficient adj.效率高的，有成效的 ✅教材原句：An efficient talk can solve friendship troubles quickly.一次高效的谈话可以快速解决友谊的麻烦。 🔧固定搭配： ▸efficient communication高效沟通 例句：Efficient communication helps clear up misunderstandings.高效沟通有助于消除误会。 ▸an efficient way高效的方式 例句：Talking face‑to‑face is an efficient way to fix friendship.面对面交谈是修复友谊的高效方式。 📌词性转换： ▸efficiently adv.高效地 例句：We should deal with friendship conflicts efficiently.我们应当高效处理友谊冲突。 ▸efficiency n.效率 例句：We need to improve the efficiency of our communication.我们需要提升沟通的效率。 📝即时小练习 ①We should deal with friend conflicts________________(efficient). ②The________________(efficient)of face‑to‑face talk cannot be ignored. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：A frank and efficient conversation can clear up months of misunderstanding in minutes.一场坦诚高效的对话能在几分钟内化解数月误会。 🔹辨析：efficient强调“效率高、少浪费”（人/机器/方法）；effective强调“有成效、达到目的”；efficiency n./efficiently adv.（语法填空常考词性转换）。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：Efficient communication is not about speaking fast,but about listening well.高效沟通不在于说得快，而在于听得好。 ✨仿写练习：他们进行了一次高效而坦诚的对话。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：clear up everything in one talk一次谈清所有——用于化解僵局。 例句：One efficient,honest talk cleared up everything that silence had built up.一次高效坦诚的谈话，清尽了沉默堆积起的一切。 17.measure vt.估量，判定；测量n.措施；衡量 ✅教材原句：Don’t measure friendship only by how much time you spend together.不要仅仅以你们共处的时间长短来衡量友谊。 🔧固定搭配： ▸measure sth by sth用……衡量…… 例句：We should not measure friendship only by pleasure.我们不应该仅仅用快乐来衡量友谊。 ▸take measures to do sth采取措施做某事 例句：We must take measures to clear up the misunderstanding.我们必须采取措施消除误会。 📝即时小练习 ①We should take effective________________(measure)to fix our broken friendship. ②Friendship cannot________________(measure)only by time spent together. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D）Many people misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s make-up that cannot be measured by an IQ test.许多人把情商误解为一个人身上几乎所有理想的、无法用智商测试衡量的特质。（be measured by用……衡量） 🔹熟词生义： ①measure作不及物动词表“量起来为……”时主动表被动（The bridge measures 103 metres.）； ②take measures to do sth采取措施； ③n.措施常用复数measures。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：True friends are not measured by distance,but by how quickly they return.真朋友不以距离衡量，而以其回归之快衡量。 ✨仿写练习：一个人的品格，要在困境中去衡量。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：beyond measure无法衡量地——用于表达深沉情感。 例句：He was grateful to his friend beyond measure.他对朋友的感激之情难以衡量。 18.seek(sought,sought) vi.试图；寻找vt.寻求；寻找 ✅教材原句：Teenagers seek support and understanding from their friends.青少年向朋友寻求支持与理解。 🔧固定搭配： ▸seek sth from sb向某人寻求某物 例句：Many teens seek comfort from their close friends.很多青少年向密友寻求安慰。 ▸seek to do sth试图做某事 例句：He sought to repair their broken friendship.他试图修复他们破碎的友谊。 📝即时小练习 ①He sought________________(clear)up the misunderstanding between them. ②He________________(seek)advice from his teacher about friendship problems. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2021·全国甲卷·书面表达参考范文）…we should seek help from those we trust mostly.我们应向最信任的人寻求帮助。（seek help from sb向某人求助） 🔹搭配拓展：seek sth from sb向某人寻求；seek to do sth试图做（比try to do更正式）；seek after/for追求；⚠过去式/过去分词均为sought，语法填空常考。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：If you seek understanding,you must first be willing to give it.你若想寻求理解，必须先愿意付出理解。 ✨仿写练习：他鼓起勇气向老师寻求建议。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：seek sb out主动把某人找出来——用于破冰/求助。 例句：The next morning,she decided to seek her friend out and finally talk.第二天一早，她决定主动去找朋友，好好谈一次。 19.escape vi.&vt.逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘n.逃离，逃脱 ✅教材原句：You cannot escape from conflicts in friendship.你无法逃避友谊中的冲突。 🔧固定搭配： ▸escape from从……逃离/逃避 例句：You cannot escape from problems between friends.你无法逃避朋友之间的问题。 ▸escape doing sth逃避做某事 例句：You cannot escape facing your own mistakes.你不能逃避面对自己的错误。 📝即时小练习 ①Nobody can escape from________________(face)friendship conflicts. ②There is no way________________(escape)from this painful situation. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：No one can escape facing the consequences of hurting a close friend.无人能逃避伤害密友所带来的后果。 🔹熟词生义： ①escape doing（不接to do），含被动用escape being done； ②His name escapes me.（我想不起他的名字）； ③escape from＋地点，escape＋抽象后果（punishment）。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：You can escape a difficult talk,but you cannot escape the resentment it leaves behind.你可以逃避一场艰难的谈话，却无法逃避它留下的怨气。 ✨仿写练习：他试图逃避那次冲突，却越陷越深。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：no way to escape无路可逃——用于直面问题。 例句：Staring at her friend’s hurt eyes,she knew there was no way to escape the truth.望着朋友受伤的眼睛，她知道无法再逃避真相。 20.benefit n.优势，益处，成效vt.使受益vi.得益于 ✅教材原句：You will get lots of benefit from true friendship.你会从真挚的友谊中收获很多益处。 🔧固定搭配： ▸benefit from从……中获益 例句：We benefit a great deal from honest communication.我们从坦诚的沟通中获益良多。 ▸be of great benefit to sb对某人十分有益 例句：A frank talk is of great benefit to your friendship.一次坦诚谈话对你的友谊大有裨益。 📌词性转换： ▸beneficial adj.有益的 例句：This experience is beneficial to teenage growth.这段经历对青少年成长有益。 📝即时小练习 ①Teenagers benefit a lot________________true friendship. ②The experience is highly________________(benefit)to you. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2021·全国乙卷·语法填空）Provide financial aid and other benefits for local people.为当地人提供经济援助和其他福利。（benefit名词复数，“福利、好处”） 🔹搭配拓展：benefit from得益于；benefit sb使某人受益；be of great benefit to＝be beneficial to对……大有裨益；for the benefit of为了……的利益。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：A friendship of mutual benefit grows strong;one of one-sided giving soon fades.互相受益的友谊会长久，单方面付出的友谊易消散。 ✨仿写练习：我们都从这段友谊中获益良多。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：reap the benefits of收获……的益处——用于善有善报。 例句：After so many kindnesses,he finally reaped the benefits of true friendship.在付出那么多善意之后，他终于收获了真挚友谊的甜果。 21.recognize vt.认识，认出；承认，意识到 ✅教材原句：You need to recognize that conflicts are common in friendship.你需要意识到冲突在友谊中是很常见的。 🔧固定搭配： ▸recognize sb认出某人 例句：I recognized my old friend at the cafe the moment I saw him.我一看见他，就在咖啡馆认出了我的老朋友。 ▸recognize that‑clause意识到/承认…… 例句：He recognized that he had treated his friend unfairly.他意识到自己对待朋友并不公平。 ▸be recognized as…被公认为…… 例句：Honesty is recognized as an important quality of a true friend.诚实被公认为真朋友的一项重要品质。 📌词性转换： ▸recognition n.认出；承认，认可 例句：He gained wide recognition for his generosity.他的宽宏大量获得了广泛认可。 📝即时小练习 ①I________________(recognize)my former friend immediately in the crowd yesterday. ②He recognized________________(make)a mistake in the quarrel with his best friend. ③His courage won public________________(recognize). 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空）Shanghai may be the recognized home of the soup dumplings,but food historians point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang.上海或许是被公认的灌汤包之乡，但美食史学家会把你的目光引向旁边的运河古镇南翔。（recognize→recognized过去分词作定语，“公认的”） 🔹熟词生义：①认出；②承认、意识到（recognize that…）；③承认（地位/成就）；be recognized as…被公认为；recognition n.认可。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：To recognize a mistake is the first step to mend what it broke.承认错误，是弥补它所伤之一切的第一步。 ✨仿写练习：他终于意识到是自己错了。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：recognize one’s own fault认下自己的错——用于反省时刻。 例句：In the quiet of the night,she recognized her own fault at last.夜深人静时，她终于认下了自己的错。 22.company n.陪伴，作伴；公司 ✅教材原句：We enjoy each other’s company.我们享受彼此的陪伴。 🔧固定搭配： ▸keep sb company陪伴某人 例句：I kept him company when he felt lonely.当他感到孤独时，我陪伴着他。 ▸in company with sb与某人一起 例句：He went to the cafe in company with his friend.他和朋友一起去了咖啡馆。 📝即时小练习 ①I kept________________(he) company during his hard time. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：She stayed behind to keep her lonely grandmother company during the long holidays.长假期间她留下来陪伴孤独的奶奶。 🔹熟词生义：company除“公司”外，本单元高频考“陪伴、作伴”（不可数）——keep sb company陪伴某人；in the company of sb＝in company with sb与某人在一起（注意此处不加a）；accompany v.陪伴。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：Good company turns an ordinary hour into a treasured memory.好的陪伴能把平凡的一小时变成珍藏的记忆。 ✨仿写练习：谢谢你一路相伴，让我不再孤单。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：enjoy one’s company享受某人的陪伴——用于温情相处。 例句：They sat quietly on the hill,perfectly content in each other’s company.他们在山上静静而坐，在彼此的陪伴中感到无比满足。 23.admire vt.钦佩；欣赏 ✅教材原句：I admire my friend for his honesty and generosity.我钦佩我朋友的诚实与宽宏大量。 🔧固定搭配： ▸admire sb for sth因某事钦佩某人 例句：I admire her for her frankness and courage.我钦佩她的坦率和勇气。 📌词性转换： ▸admiration n.钦佩，羡慕 例句：I have great admiration for his qualities.我十分钦佩他的品质。 📝即时小练习 ①I admire him________________his courage to apologize to his friend. ②I have great________________(admire)for his generosity. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：I deeply admire her for her courage to apologize first,even when she was not entirely in the wrong.我深深钦佩她的勇气——哪怕并非完全有错，她也愿意先开口道歉。 🔹辨析：admire sb for sth因某事钦佩某人；与respect辨析：admire偏“仰慕、欣赏”含情感，respect偏“敬重其品行”；admiration n.，be filled with admiration for对……充满敬佩。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：We admire others most for the courage we ourselves lack.我们最钦佩他人的，往往正是自己所缺的勇气。 ✨仿写练习：我钦佩他在困难面前从不低头。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：fill sb with admiration令某人满怀敬佩——用于人物闪光点。 例句：Watching her help the fallen boy,he was filled with admiration.看着她扶起摔倒的男孩，他心中满怀敬佩。 24.case n.情况；案例；箱子 ✅教材原句：In that case,you need to have an honest talk.在那种情况下，你需要进行一次坦诚的谈话。 🔧固定搭配： ▸in that case在那种情况下 例句：In that case,you should apologize to your friend.在那种情况下，你应该向你的朋友道歉。 ▸in any case无论如何（见短语板块） 例句：In any case,you should value your friendship.无论如何，你应当珍惜你的友谊。 📝即时小练习 ①________________case you feel hurt,you should speak out your true feelings. ②There are many different________________(case)of conflicts between friends. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：If your friend ignores you again,in that case you’d better speak out honestly instead of letting resentment build up.若朋友再次无视你，那种情况下你最好坦诚说出口，而别让怨气累积。 🔹熟词生义：抽象义“情况、情形”——in that case既然那样/in any case无论如何/in no case（置句首需倒装）/in this case在这种情形下；case后常接that同位语从句。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：In most cases,speaking up earlier saves a friendship from a painful end.多数情况下，早点开口，能让友谊免于沉痛收场。 ✨仿写练习：万不得已时，请向信任的人求助。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：in no case决不（句首倒装）——用于情感强调。 例句：In no case would he let a silly argument end their friendship.他绝不会让一场愚蠢的争吵结束两人的友谊。 25.contact vt.&n.联系，联络 ✅教材原句：We lost contact with each other after the quarrel.争吵之后我们彼此失去了联系。 🔧固定搭配： ▸keep in contact with sb与某人保持联系 例句：I still keep in contact with my childhood friends.我仍然和儿时的朋友保持联系。 ▸lose contact with sb与某人失去联系 例句：It is a pity to lose contact with your best friend.和最好的朋友失去联系十分可惜。 📝即时小练习 ①We should keep in contact________________our old friends. ②Since the quarrel,Tom________________(lose)contact with Jack. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：We lost contact with each other for years after the quarrel,and only reconnected by chance at a reunion.那次争吵后我们失联多年，直到一次聚会才偶然重新取得联系。 🔹搭配拓展：keep/stay in contact with与……保持联系；lose contact with与……失联；get in contact with与……取得联系；contact sb作及物动词后面不加with（contact me by email）。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：Distance may separate two lives,but it need not cut off all contact.距离或许隔开两种生活，却不必切断所有联系。 ✨仿写练习：请随时与我保持联系。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：reach out after years of silence沉默多年后主动联系——用于久别重逢。 例句：After years of silence,she finally reached out and re-established contact.沉默多年后，她终于主动伸出手，重新建立了联系。 二、核心短语 1.on the rocks（关系）陷入困境，濒临崩溃 ✅教材原句：Their friendship was on the rocks after the quarrel.争吵过后他们的友谊濒临破裂。 🔧义项&例句： ▸(friendship/relationship)be on the rocks（友谊、关系）濒临崩溃 例句：Many teenage friendships end up on the rocks because of small misunderstandings.很多青少年友谊因为小小的误会陷入危机。 📝即时小练习 ①Their long‑time friendship went________________the rocks after the incident. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：After months of cold silence,their once-strong friendship was on the rocks.经过数月的冷战，他们曾经牢固的友谊濒临破裂。 🔹熟词生义：习语，本义“（船）触礁”，引申指（婚姻、友谊、事业）“陷入危机、濒临破裂”，写作中替换in danger更显地道。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分搭配：be on the rocks濒临破裂；bring…to the brink把……推向边缘。 ✨仿写练习：一次误会，让他们的友谊濒临破裂。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：watch a friendship go on the rocks眼睁睁看友谊瓦解——用于冲突低谷。 例句：He could only stand there,watching his best friendship go on the rocks.他只能站在那里，眼睁睁看着最好的友谊一步步瓦解。 2.out of one’s sight脱离某人的视线 ✅教材原句：Out of my sight,he walked away without saying goodbye.走出我的视线，他没有道别就走开了。 🔧义项&例句： ▸out of one’s sight脱离某人视线 例句：The boy ran out of my sight quickly.男孩很快跑的不见人影。 ▸keep…out of sight把……藏起来，不让看见 例句：Keep your private messages out of other people’s sight.不要让别人看见你的私人消息。 📝即时小练习 ①The angry friend walked out________________my sight without a word. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：She watched her best friend walk out of her sight,too proud to call him back.她目送好友走出视线，却因自尊心而没有唤回他。 🔹搭配拓展：out of sight看不见；out of one’s sight从某人视野中消失；keep…out of sight把……藏起来；out of sight,out of mind眼不见心不烦。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分搭配：watch sb disappear out of one’s sight目送某人消失在视野中。 ✨仿写练习：直到好友走出视线，她才追了上去。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：out of sight,yet still on one’s mind人已远去，心却牵挂——用于不舍。 例句：Her friend was long out of sight,but still very much on her mind.友人早已走出视线，却始终萦绕在她心头。 3.make it能够出席，准时到达；获得成功 ✅教材原句：I hoped he could make it to our meeting in the cafe.我希望他能够来咖啡馆赴约。 🔧义项&例句： ▸make it to+地点准时赶到某处 例句：Will you make it to our appointment this afternoon?你今天下午能准时赴约吗？ ▸make it获得成功，渡过难关 例句：It is hard,but our friendship will make it through this difficulty. 译文：虽然很难，但我们的友谊会渡过这个难关。 📝即时小练习 ①I’m afraid I cannot make________________to the cafe today. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：He almost missed the bus,but he finally made it to the cafe before his friend left.他差点误了公交，但最终还是赶在朋友离开之前到了咖啡馆。 🔹熟词生义：多义高频——①准时到达/如约赶到（make it to＋地点）；②获得成功；③渡过难关（make it through）——口语与完形中极常出现。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分搭配：make it through a difficulty渡过难关；make it to a place赶到某地。 ✨仿写练习：我们终究撑过了那段最难的时光。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：barely make it勉强赶到/撑过来——用于悬念与释然。 例句：He ran all the way and barely made it,arriving breathless at her door.他一路狂奔，勉强赶到，气喘吁吁地出现在她门前。 4.at a loss不知所措，困惑 ✅教材原句：I was at a loss about how to repair our friendship.我不知道该如何修复我们的友谊，不知所措。 🔧义项&例句： ▸be at a loss不知所措 例句：He was at a loss when his best friend ignored him.当他最好的朋友无视他时，他不知所措。 📝即时小练习 ①When friendship breaks down,many teenagers are________________a loss what to do. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：She was at a loss for words when she heard what her friend had done behind her back.听到朋友背地里做的事，她一时语塞、不知所措。 🔹搭配拓展：be at a loss不知所措；be at a loss for words一时语塞；be at a loss to do sth不知如何做某事——描写“友情破裂时的茫然”常用。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分搭配：be at a loss about what to say不知该说什么。 ✨仿写练习：面对朋友的道歉，她一时不知如何回应。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：stand there at a loss愣在原地不知所措——用于冲突爆发后。 例句：Standing there at a loss,he finally realized how much he had hurt her.他愣在原地不知所措，终于意识到自己伤她有多深。 5.in the wrong有错，应承担责任 ✅教材原句：Admit it if you are in the wrong.如果你有错就承认。 🔧义项&例句： ▸be in the wrong有错，负有责任 例句：You should apologize when you are in the wrong.如果你有错，你就应该道歉。 📝即时小练习 ①If you are________________the wrong,you’d better say sorry to your friend. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：It takes real maturity to admit that you are in the wrong and to apologize without excuses.承认自己有错、毫不找借口地道歉，才真正体现一个人的成熟。 🔹辨析：be in the wrong有错（＝wrong）↔be in the right有理；相关高频：be to blame应受责备、be at fault有过失。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分搭配：admit being in the wrong承认自己有错。 ✨仿写练习：明知自己有错，他却迟迟不肯低头。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：though clearly in the wrong,still silent明明有错却仍沉默——用于自尊与挣扎。 例句：Though clearly in the wrong,he stayed silent,too stubborn to speak up.他明明有错，却仍沉默着，倔强得不肯开口。 6.let go of放弃，摒弃，松手，放开 ✅教材原句：Don’t let go of your friendship because of one quarrel.不要因为一次争吵就放弃你们的友谊。 🔧义项&例句： ▸let go of sth放弃；放下（情绪、关系） 例句：It is hard to let go of the anger inside your heart.放下内心的怒火是一件很难的事。 📝即时小练习 ①Don’t let go________________your precious friendship over small mistakes. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Holding on to old grudges only hurts you;learn to let go of the anger and forgive.紧抱旧怨只会伤害自己，学会放下怒火、选择宽恕。 🔹熟词生义：除“松开、放掉（实物）”外，常考抽象义“放下（情绪、成见、过往关系）”，和解主题高频；反义hold on to紧抓不放。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分句型：To forgive is not to say the hurt was small,but to let go of it anyway.原谅不是否认伤害之重，而是仍选择放手。 ✨仿写练习：她终于放下了那段伤害她的旧怨。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：let go of the past与过去和解——用于释怀结尾。 例句：Slowly,she learned to let go of the past and start over again.慢慢地，她学会了放下过去，重新开始。 7.eat away at腐蚀，侵蚀，逐渐破坏 ✅教材原句：Little misunderstandings eat away at our friendship.小小的误会会一点点侵蚀我们的友谊。 🔧义项&例句： ▸eat away at sth逐渐破坏（情感、关系） 例句：Dishonesty will eat away at trust between friends.不诚实会慢慢侵蚀朋友之间的信任。 📝即时小练习 ①Dishonesty eats away________________the basis of true friendship. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Small daily lies slowly eat away at the trust between two close friends.日常的小谎言会慢慢侵蚀两个密友之间的信任。 🔹熟词生义：本义“腐蚀、侵蚀（金属等）”，引申“逐渐破坏、一点点消耗（感情、信心、信任）”——“友谊被消磨”语境下的高分表达。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分搭配：eat away at trust/friendship侵蚀信任/友谊。 ✨仿写练习：猜忌正在一点点侵蚀他们多年的友谊。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：silence eats away at friendship沉默在消磨友谊——用于关系疏远。 例句：Month after month,their growing silence ate away at what had once been unbreakable.日复一月的沉默，一点点侵蚀着曾经牢不可破的一切。 8.come between…and…损害……之间的关系，离间；妨碍 ✅教材原句：Don’t let small conflicts come between you and your friend.不要让小小的冲突离间你和朋友。 🔧义项&例句： ▸come between A and B离间A与B的关系 例句：Never let gossip come between you and your close friend.永远不要让流言蜚语离间你和密友。 📝即时小练习 ①Don’t allow gossip to come between you________________your best friend. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Never let jealousy or gossip come between you and your closest friend.绝不要让嫉妒或流言离间你和最亲密的朋友。 🔹熟词生义：字面“插在……之间”，常考引申义“离间、损害……之间的关系；妨碍”——come between A and B离间A与B。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分搭配：let nothing come between two friends不让任何东西离间朋友。 ✨仿写练习：别让一场误会，离间了你和他。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：pride came between them自尊横亘两人之间——用于隔阂成因。 例句：It was not the argument itself,but pride that came between them.横亘在他们之间的，不是那场争吵本身，而是自尊。 9.high point最有意思（或最令人愉快、最好）的部分 ✅教材原句：Sharing secrets is one high point of close friendship.分享秘密是亲密友谊最美好的时刻之一。 🔧义项&例句： ▸the high point of……的高光时刻、最美好部分 例句：The high point of their friendship was travelling together.他们友谊最美好的时光是一起旅行。 📝即时小练习 ①Sharing joys is one of the high________________of true friendship. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Sharing our dreams under the stars was one of the high points of our friendship.在星空下分享彼此的梦想，是我们友谊最美好的时刻之一。 🔹熟词生义：与low point（低谷）相对，指“最精彩、最令人愉快/最有成就的部分”——the high point of…用于回顾总结。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分搭配：the high point of………的高光时刻；the low point of………的低谷。 ✨仿写练习：那次共同夺冠，是我们队的高光时刻。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：a high point of one’s school life高中生涯的高光时刻——用于结尾回望。 例句：Standing on that stage together became the high point of their school years.一起站在那个舞台上，成了他们中学岁月的高光时刻。 10.through thick and thin不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦 ✅教材原句：True friends will stay together through thick and thin.真正的朋友会同甘共苦。 🔧义项&例句： ▸stand by sb through thick and thin与某人同甘共苦 例句：Real friends support each other through thick and thin.真正的朋友同甘共苦互相支持。 📝即时小练习 ①Real friends support each other________________thick and thin. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：A true friend is someone who stands by you through thick and thin,not only when things are easy.真正的朋友是与你同甘共苦、而非仅在顺境中相伴的人。 🔹熟词生义：＝无论顺境逆境、同甘共苦；常与stand by sb/stick with sb搭配，是“友谊/亲情”主题写作的点睛表达。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分搭配：stand by sb through thick and thin与某人风雨同舟。 ✨仿写练习：无论顺境逆境，她都陪在朋友身旁。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：stuck together through thick and thin患难与共——用于点题升华。 例句：Through thick and thin,they had always stuck together like family.无论顺境逆境，他们始终如家人般相互依偎。 11.get over克服；从（疾病、打击）中恢复 ✅教材原句：It took him months to get over the painful quarrel.他花了好几个月才从痛苦的争吵中走出来。 🔧义项&例句： ▸get over sth克服；从……恢复过来 例句：It is hard to get over the hurt from a broken friendship.很难从破碎友谊的伤害中恢复过来。 📝即时小练习 ①It took her a long time to get________________the pain of losing her friend. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：It took her a long time to get over the hurt caused by that quarrel.她花了很长时间，才从那场争吵带来的伤害中走出来。 🔹熟词生义：本单元语境高频考“从（疾病、打击、失恋、争吵）中恢复、走出来”；另义“克服（困难/恐惧）”；与recover from近义可互换。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分搭配：get over the hurt走出伤痛；get over a setback克服挫折。 ✨仿写练习：她花了很久，才从那场争吵的伤害中走出来。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：slowly get over a loss慢慢走出失去之痛——用于疗伤弧线。 例句：With time and true friendship,she slowly got over the pain of that quarrel.凭借时间与真挚的友谊，她慢慢走出了那场争吵的痛。 12.bring out使显现，使表现出 ✅教材原句：Hard times bring out the best qualities in a friend.困境会让朋友身上最好的品质显现出来。 🔧义项&例句： ▸bring out the best in sb使某人最好的品质显现出来 例句：Difficulties can bring out the best in your friends.困境可以让你朋友身上最好的品质显现出来。 📝即时小练习 ①Hard times bring________________the best qualities in people. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Difficult times often bring out the best in a true friend,while easy times may bring out the worst.艰难时刻往往能让真朋友身上最好的品质显现，而安逸有时反倒暴露出最糟的一面。 🔹熟词生义：多义——①使（某种品质）显现：bring out the best/worst in sb；②使出版/生产；③阐明、解释（＝bring out the meaning）。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分搭配：bring out the best in sb激发某人最好的一面。 ✨仿写练习：真正的朋友，能激发出你最好的一面。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：hardship brings out one’s courage困境激发勇气——用于人物蜕变。 例句：It was that hardship that brought out the quiet courage she never knew she had.正是那场困境，激发出她从未察觉的、深藏的勇气。 13.smooth out消除（问题），克服（困难） ✅教材原句：We managed to smooth out all our misunderstandings.我们设法消除了所有的误会。 🔧义项&例句： ▸smooth out problems/misunderstandings消除问题、误会 例句：Face‑to‑face talk helps smooth out conflicts between teens.面对面交谈有助于化解青少年之间的冲突。 📝即时小练习 ①We need to smooth________________our disagreements before it gets worse. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：A face-to-face talk can often smooth out the misunderstandings that messages on the phone never can.一次面对面的交谈，往往能消除手机信息永远无法化解的误会。 🔹熟词生义：本义“把……熨平/弄平滑”，引申“消除（问题）、化解（分歧/困难）”＝clear up/iron out——本单元”修复冲突”主题高分动词短语。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分搭配：smooth out a conflict/misunderstanding化解冲突/误会。 ✨仿写练习：一次坦诚的对话，化解了两人之间的误会。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：smooth things over at last终于冰释前嫌——用于和解收束。 例句：Over a cup of tea,they managed to smooth everything over at last.一杯茶之间，他们终于把一切都化开了。 14.be meant to do sth注定要做某事；应该做某事 ✅教材原句：Friends are meant to support each other.朋友本就该互相支持。 🔧义项&例句： ▸be meant to do sth应该；注定 例句：You are meant to respect your friend’s different opinions.你理应尊重朋友不同的看法。 📝即时小练习 ①Friends are meant________________(support)each other through hard times. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Friends are meant to support each other through hard times,not to compete with each other all the way.朋友本该在艰难时刻彼此扶持，而不是一路互相攀比。 🔹熟词生义：①注定/命中注定（＝destined to）；②理应、本该（＝supposed to），含“按道理应当”之意。⚠与mean to do（打算做）、mean doing（意味着）区分。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分搭配：be meant to do本该/注定做某事。 ✨仿写练习：我们注定要成为彼此一生的朋友。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：meant to meet again注定会再相遇——用于重逢伏笔。 例句：After all these years apart,maybe they were meant to meet again.分别这么多年，也许他们注定还要再重逢。 15.take on呈现，具有；承担（责任） ✅教材原句：Teenage friendship may take on different forms.青少年的友谊可以呈现不同的形态。 🔧义项&例句： ▸take on呈现；具有（特征、面貌） 例句：Their friendship took on a new look after the sincere talk.经过坦诚交谈，他们的友谊呈现出新面貌。 📝即时小练习 ①After the talk,their friendship took________________a new look. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：After their sincere talk,their friendship took on a new look,and both of them were willing to change.经过坦诚交流，他们的友谊焕然一新，两人都愿意做出改变。 🔹熟词生义：多义高频——①呈现（新面貌）：take on a new look；②承担（责任/工作）：take on a task；③雇用；④与……较量——读后续写“关系转变”常用义①。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分搭配：take on a new look焕然一新；take on a challenge接受挑战。 ✨仿写练习：和好后，他们的友谊呈现出全新的模样。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：the town took on a new look小镇换了新颜——用于烘托心境。 例句：After their talk,even the old street seemed to take on a warmer look.那番谈话之后，连那条老街都仿佛染上了更温暖的颜色。 16.in full measure最大程度地，最大限度地 ✅教材原句：Enjoy your friendship in full measure.尽情享受你的友谊。 🔧义项&例句： ▸in full measure最大限度地，充分地 例句：We should value true friendship in full measure.我们应当充分珍视真挚的友谊。 📝即时小练习 ①We should treasure our friendship________________full measure. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Those who are lucky enough to have a true friend should treasure that friendship in full measure.有幸拥有挚友的人，理应充分地珍惜这份友谊。 🔹熟词生义：意为“最大程度地、充分地”；同族in some measure在某种程度上/beyond measure极度、非常——写作中作程度状语提升表达层次。 ✍写作积累 ✨高分搭配：enjoy/love sb in full measure尽情地珍惜、热爱。 ✨仿写练习：请充分地珍惜那个一直陪伴你的人。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：repay one’s kindness in full measure加倍回报恩情——用于感恩结尾。 例句：Years later,he repaid his old friend’s kindness in full measure.多年之后，他充分地回报了老友当年的恩情。 由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 📐定义：在句中起形容词作用、修饰前面的名词或代词（先行词），并且由关系代词（who/whom/whose/ which/that）来引导的从句，叫由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。 关系词身兼两职： ①指代先行词，把从句和先行词连接在一起； ②在从句内部充当一个句子成分（主语、宾语、定语或表语）。 ✅通俗理解：先把名字拆成两半看：“限制性”是说这个从句和先行词锁死，去掉它主句意思就残缺、指代不清，所以它与先行词之间不能加逗号；“关系代词”是说引导词是个代词，它不只是连接，还要钻进从句里占一个成分（作主语或宾语等）。合起来就是——用一个会“顶替成分”的词，把一句能独立的话降级成定语，紧紧贴在先行词后面。 🔹who 用法：先行词指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语时可省略。 例句1：The girl who is standing there is my sister.站着的那个女孩是我妹妹。（who指人，作从句主语，不能 省） 例句2：The man who you spoke to is my uncle.你和他谈话的人是我叔叔。（who指人，作宾语，可省） 🔹whom 用法：先行词指人，在从句中只充当宾语，通常可以省略；但当介词被提到从句前面时，指人只能用whom，此时不能省略，也不能用who/that。 例句：The teacher(whom)we met yesterday is very kind.我们昨天遇到的老师很和善。（whom作met的宾语，可省） 例句：The writer from whom I got the book is famous.我把书借来的那位作家很有名。（介词from提前，指人只能用whom） 🔹whose 用法：先行词指人或物，在从句中作定语，修饰从句里属于先行词的那个名词。whose=of which/whom。 例句：The boy whose bag was stolen called the police.书包被偷的那个男孩报了警。（whose指人，作bag的定语） 例句：The house whose windows face south is cheap.窗朝南的那间屋子便宜。（whose指物，=the windows of which） 🔹which 用法：先行词指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；当介词提到从句前面时，指物只能用which，不能用that，也不能省略。 例句：The book which lies on the desk is mine.桌上那本书是我的。（which指物，作从句主语，不能省） 例句：The pen with which he signed the contract is special.他签合同用的那支笔很特别。（介词with提前，指物只能用which） 🔹that 用法：先行词指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；that不能放在介词后面，也不能引导非限制性定语从句。 例句：The girl that is standing there is my sister.站着的那个女孩是我妹妹。（that指人，作从句主语） 例句：The phone(that)I bought last month is already broken.我上个月买的手机已经坏了。（that指物，作宾语，可省） ⚠️高频易错点 🔹只用that不用which的情况 1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时 例句1：Everything that he said at the meeting was true.他在会上说的一切都是真的。（先行词everything是不定代词，只能用that，不用which。） 例句2：There is little that I can do for you.几乎没有什么我能为你做的了。（先行词little是不定代词，只能用that，不用which。） 2.当先行词被序数词(如the first,the second)修饰时 例句：It was the first book that he wrote after college.这是他大学毕业后写的第一本书。（被序数词the first修饰，用that。） 3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 例句：This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。（先行词film被最高级the best修饰，用that。） 4.当先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,just等修饰时 例句1：He is the only person that understands me.他是唯一理解我的人。（被the only修饰，用that。） 例句2：This is the very dictionary that I want.这正是我要的那本词典。（被the very修饰，用that。） 5.当先行词既有人又有物时 例句：They talked about the writers and the books that interested them.他们谈到了那些令他们感兴趣的作家和书。（先行词both人both物，只能用that。） 🔧判断“从句缺不缺成分”： ①从句缺主语→用who（人）/which、that（物）作主语，此时关系代词绝不能省略。 例句：The girl who is standing there is my sister.站着的那个女孩是我妹妹。（从句缺主语is的发出者，用who，不能省） 例句：The book that lies on the desk is mine.桌上那本书是我的。（从句缺主语，先行词是物，用that/which） ②从句缺宾语→用whom/who/that（人）或which/that（物）作宾语。 例句：The teacher(whom)we met yesterday is very kind.我们昨天遇到的老师很和善。（met缺宾语，用whom，可省） 例句：The phone(which)I bought last month is already broken.我上个月买的手机已经坏了。（bought缺宾语，用which/that，可省） ③从句缺定语（“……的”）→一律用whose，人和物都可以。 例句：The boy whose bag was stolen called the police.书包被偷的那个男孩报了警。（whose bag作定语） 例句：The house whose windows face south is cheap.窗朝南的那间屋子便宜。（物的所属也用whose，=the windows of which） 注意：当关系代词（whom/who/which/that）在限制性定语从句中充当宾语时，可以省略；一旦它在从句里作主语，则绝对不能省略。判断口诀：先看从句“主谓宾”齐不齐，缺宾语就能删，缺主语不能删。 例句：The man(that)you talked to is my uncle.你和他谈话的那个人是我叔叔。（to的宾语，可省） 例句：I don’t like the way(that)he speaks.我不喜欢他说话的腔调。（way作先行词，从句缺状语/方式，that可省或换in which） 特别用法： ①当先行词是way且定语从句要表示“以…的方式”时，常用that或in which引导。that或in which可省略。 例句：I like the way(that/in which)she smiles.我喜欢她笑的方式。 ②当which在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词通常可以移到which前，构成“介词+which”结构。此时which不可省略。 例句：Is this the magazine about which you were talking just now?这就是你刚刚谈到的那本杂志吗? 📝即时小练习：在空格处填入恰当的关系代词，必要时可省略的请标注“可省” ①The student_____________won the first prize comes from our class. ②The book_____________you lent me last week is extremely useful. ③The neighbor_____________dog barked all night finally moved away. ④Is this the museum_____________we visited when we were in Beijing? ⑤He is the most generous person_____________I have ever met. ⑥All_____________he promised at the meeting has come true. ⑦The engineer to_____________the reporter spoke designed the bridge. ⑧The house_____________windows were broken last winter has now been repaired. ⑨The old man_____________we looked after in the nursing home is quite cheerful. ⑩Those_____________want to join the club must sign up before Friday. ⑪Little_____________he knew about the plan caused a big mistake. ⑫The house in_____________he lived as a child has been torn down. ⑬This is the very pen_____________my father gave me. ⑭I don't like the way_____________he talks to his parents. ⑮We talked about the teachers and the schools_____________we visited last year. 第 1 页 共 15 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $