Unit 2 Morals and Virtues基础梳理・高考一轮衔接练 学案 2027届高考英语人教版必修第三册

高中英语必修第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues基础梳理・高考一轮衔接练 基础知识过关 Ⅰ.重难点单词梳理 1．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困境 2．moral dilemma 道德困境 3．entrust vt.委托；交付 4．tuition n．(小组)教学；讲课 5．tuition fees 学费 6．physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生 7．resident physician 住院医师 8．colleague n．同事；同僚 9．faraway adj.遥远的 10．kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园 11．insurance n．保险；保险业 12．pole n．(行星的)极；地极；杆子，柱 13．lap n．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈 14．café n．咖啡馆；小餐馆 15．waitress n．(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者 16．pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的 17．disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n．伪装；化装用具 18．maple n．枫树；槭树 19．cart n．手推车；运货马车 20．spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出 21．might n．力量；威力 22．fable n．寓言；寓言故事；无稽之谈 v．虚构；讲寓言 23．court n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭 Ⅱ.一词多义 1．virtue n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质 2．faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的；可能性不大的 3．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的 4．fee n．专业服务费；报酬 5．union n．协会；联合会；工会 6．hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用 7．clinic n．诊所；门诊部 8．decade n．十年；十年期 9．elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处 10．staff n．员工；全体职员 11．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则 12．passive adj.被动的；顺从的 13．whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 14．midnight n．子夜；午夜 15．bite vt.& vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇 n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤 16．lip n．嘴唇 17．chairman n．主席；主持人；董事长 18．chain n．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条 19．limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走 20．tear n．眼泪；泪水 vt.& vi.(tore，torn) 扯(破)；(被)撕开vt.撕掉 21．despair n．绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望 22．income n．收入；收益 23．per prep.每；每一 24．therefore adv.因此；所以 Ⅲ.单词拓展 1．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry v．(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶→married adj.已婚的 2．majority n．大部分；大多数→major adj.主要的；重要的；大的；严重的；主修的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究 3．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；投诉 4．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→response n．反应；回答；回复 5．scholarship n．奖学金→scholar n．学者 6．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n．拒绝接受；否决 7．appoint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定→appointment n．约会；任命；委任；职位 8．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版→publisher n．出版人(或机构)；发行人(或机构)→publishing n．出版(业)；发行(业) 9．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选；当选 10．tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→tendency n．趋势；趋向 11．retire vt.& vi.退休；退职；退出→retirement n．退休→retired adj.退休的 12．import n．进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进→export n．出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播→port n．港；港口 13．scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的 14．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；清晰的；明显的；敏锐的；(方向)急转的；(声音)尖利的，刺耳的 adv.(指时刻)……整→sharply adv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpen v．(使)变得锋利；(使)提高 15．energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energy n．能源；能量；精力→energetically adv.精力充沛地 16．moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n．品行；道德；寓意→morally adv.道德上→immoral adj.不道德的，邪恶的 17．replace vt.接替；取代；更换→replacement n．更换；替换的人/物 18．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地 19．operation n．手术；企业；经营→operate vt.操作；经营；控制；使运转 vi.做手术；运行，运转；起作用，奏效→operator n．操作员；接线员；经营者 20．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图→illustration n．图解；图示；插图→illustrator n．插图画家 21．assist vt.帮助；援助→assistant n．助理；助手 adj.助理的；副的→assistance n．帮助；援助 22．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmfully adv.有害地→harmless adj.无害的 23．flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地→inflexible adj.不灵活的；不可变通的→flexibility n．灵活性 24．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 n．(动词的)时态 25．memory n．记忆力；回忆；[计算机]存储器→memoriz(s)e vt.记住；记忆 26．saving n．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款→save vt.救；节省；储蓄 积累——构词法 1．动词后缀-ize/-ise：表示“成为；使”或“以……方式说/对待”，其所构成的动词一般表示抽象动作，如memorize(记忆)，recognize(认出)，criticize(批评)，advertise(做广告)，realize(实现)，organize(组织)，socialize(交际，使适应社会)等。 2．名词后缀-ing：此类名词有三种意义：①表示行为、状态及情况，saving (节省)，aging(老化)，swimming(游泳)；②表示与行为有关的物品，如building(建筑物)，clothing(衣物)，carving(雕像；雕刻品)；③表示某种行业或某种方法，如printing(印刷术)，fishing(渔业)，farming(农事，农业)。 (1)He specializes(special) in chemistry and has made a number of new discoveries. (2)She sincerely apologized(apology) for her rude behavior and promised to be more considerate in the future. (3)As soon as I entered the office，I received a warm greeting(greet) from my colleagues. (4)He majored in marketing at university and now works as a brand manager for an international company.市场营销 (5)She carefully selected the bedding for her new bedroom，choosing soft cotton sheets and a cozy pillow.床上用品，寝具 1．exclude /ɪk'skluːd/ vt.把……排斥在外；防止……进入；不包括；排除 2．hatred /'heɪtrɪd/ n．仇恨；憎恨；厌恶 3．marvellous (NAmE marvelous) /'mɑːvələs/ adj.极好的；非凡的 4．underlying /ˌʌndə'laɪɪŋ/ adj.隐含的；潜在的 5．depict /dɪ'pɪkt/ vt.描述；描写；描绘 6．viable /'vaɪəbl/ adj.可实施的；切实可行的 Ⅳ.核心短语必备 1．carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关 2．tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事 3．first aid急救 4．pass away去世 5．in memory of作为对……的纪念 6．trip over被……绊倒 7．in tears流着泪；含着泪 8．in despair处于绝望中 9．a great deal (of) 大量 10．choose to do sth选择做某事 11．care for照顾；喜欢 12．succeed in doing sth成功地做某事 13．be responsible for对……负责 14．make an attempt to do sth尝试做某事；试图做某事 15．work as担任；以……身份而工作 Ⅴ经典句式集锦 1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life...(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义) 对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了…… 2．She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do)她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。 3．Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.(having done作状语) 虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。 4．Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died,22 April 1983.(not...until...)林医生坚守在岗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。 5．Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.(whose引导的定语从句)如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。 体验——析真题长句 知高考难度 (2025·全国二)If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants，don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few！) doesn’t make it. [句式分析] 本句是主从复合句。If 引导条件状语从句，从句中包含who引导的定语从句，先行词为people；of surrounding yourself with plants 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰benefits; 主句为祈使句，内嵌一个if 引导的条件状语从句。 [尝试翻译] 如果你属于那些享受着被植物环绕带来的身心健康益处的人群，那么即便有一株(甚至几株！)植物养不活，也不必自责。 Ⅰ.重点单词(每空1分，共35分) 1．virtue n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质 2．faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的；可能性不大的 3．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的 4．union n．协会；联合会；工会 5．hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用 6．decade n．十年；十年期 7．staff n．员工；全体职员 8．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则 9．passive adj.被动的；顺从的 10．whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 11．bite vt.& vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇 n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤 12．limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走 13．despair n．绝望vi.绝望；感到无望 14．income n．收入；收益 15．therefore adv.因此；所以 16．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry v．(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶→married adj.已婚的 17．appoint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定→appointment n．约会；任命；委任；职位 18．tend vt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于→tendency n．趋势；趋向 19．replace vt.接替；取代；更换→replacement n．更换；替换的人/物 20．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地 21．flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地→inflexible adj.不灵活的；不可变通的→flexibility n．灵活性 22．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 n．(动词的)时态 23．memory n．记忆力；回忆；[计算机]存储器→memoriz(s)e vt.记住；记忆 Ⅱ.核心短语(每空1分，共10分) 1．carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关 2．tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事 3．pass away去世 4．in memory of作为对……的纪念 5．trip over被……绊倒 6．choose to do sth选择做某事 7．care for照顾；喜欢 8．succeed in doing sth成功地做某事 9．be responsible for对……负责 10．make an attempt to do sth尝试做某事；试图做某事 Ⅲ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共22分) 1．Girls who major in English in our department are in the majority(major)． 2．Congratulations on your being elected as chairman of the union in the election.(elect) 3．At the sight of the scary scene，the young girl was too scared to move.(scare) 4．He is an energetic young man，who always works energetically.(energy) 5．The retired resident physician moved to the countryside after his retirement.(retire) 6．My suggestion got rejected and the rejection put me in low spirits for a long time.(reject) 7．I am writing the letter of complaint(complain) to complain about/of your poor service when I dined in your restaurant yesterday. 8．The doctors immediately operated on the injured operator，who soon recovered from the operation under the tender care of the nurses.(operate) 9．The shop assistant came to my assistance and assisted me in choosing a satisfying birthday gift for my friend.(assist) 10．The manager immediately responded to the customer’s inquiry with a detailed and satisfactory response(respond)． Ⅳ.补全短文(微写作)(每题3分，共12分) 单句汉语提示 微写作短文 1.志愿者活动不仅对那些生活需要改善的人有益，对我们自己也有益。(whose引导的定语从句) 2.然而，直到这次经历，我才完全意识到做志愿者的意义。(not...until...) 3.作为我家第一个被重点大学录取的女孩，我曾经只关注自己的学业，不关心他人。(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do) 4.在做了志愿者之后，我开始尝试改变自己的想法，并努力对周围的世界更加负责，这让我变得越来越好。(having done作状语) I am here to share my experience of working as a volunteer teacher in a remote village school.As far as I am concerned，nothing is more meaningful than working as a volunteer and making a difference to others.Volunteering is not only beneficial to those 1.whose lives are in need of improvement but also to ourselves.However,2.I didn’t fully realize the significance of being a volunteer until this experience.3.As the first girl to be admitted to a key university in my family，I used to concentrate only on my academic performance，not caring for others.4.Having worked as a volunteer，I begin to make an attempt to change my mind and try to be more responsible for the world around me，which makes me become better and better. To conclude，I would like to call on everyone to join us and throw yourself into volunteering. 课堂精讲精练1 True morality is revealed when we must respond to challenges that scare us.Leaders often appoint individuals to positions that test their ethics precisely because such trials reveal core virtues.People tend to prioritize self-protection when frightened，yet virtue demands courage.Choosing honesty over cheats，or sympathy over indifference demonstrates genuine character.It is in these difficult responses—facing the scary，fulfilling appointed duties，and resisting selfish tendencies—that integrity flourishes and true moral strength is proven.Virtue shines brightest under pressure. respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应 (response n．反应；回答；回复) ·respond to对……做出回应或反应；答复 ·in response to作为对……的答复；为了回应 make a/no response to对……做出回应/不予回答 (1)The union made no response(respond) to my application for a scholarship，which put me in despair. (2)我写信是为了回复你寻求关于如何选择编程课的建议的来信。(2025·上海1月，书面表达) I’m writing in response to your letter/to respond to your letter/to make a response to your letter seeking advice on how to choose a programming course. appoint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定 (appointment n．约会；任命；委任；职位) ·appoint sb as/to be...任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth委派某人做某事 ·make/have an appointment (with sb)(与某人)约会/预约 (1)I have something urgent to handle and therefore，I will appoint my brother to assist(assist) you to handle the dilemma. (2)得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。(祝贺信) Learning that you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the Student Union，I sincerely congratulate you. (3)很抱歉我不能陪你去书店，因为我已经预约了牙医。(道歉信) I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookstore，for I have made an appointment with my dentist. tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于 (tendency n．趋势；趋向) ·tend to/towards sth倾向于……；有……的趋势 tend (to) sb照顾某人；照料某人 tend to do sth易于做某事；往往会发生某事 ·have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向 (1)After the kindergarten teacher retired，the music she appreciated tended to/towards light music. (2)我写信向那些在我母亲手术后悉心照顾她的护士们表示衷心的感谢。(感谢信) I am writing to express my sincere gratitude to the nurses who/that tended (to) my mother carefully after her operation. (3)从图表来看，越来越多的人倾向参观博物馆，博物馆是连接知识、创造力和日常生活的桥梁。(2025·天津3月，书面表达) Judging from the chart，more and more people tend to/have a tendency to visit museums，which are bridges connecting knowledge，creativity and daily life. scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 (scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的) ·scare sb into doing sth恐吓某人做某事 scare...away/off把……吓跑 ·be scared of doing/to do sth害怕/不敢做某事 be scared of sb/sth害怕某人/某事 be scared to death/out of one’s wits吓得要死 (1)When watching the scary(scare) film in the cinema，the majority of viewers buried their faces in their hands and screamed. (2)我吓得蜷缩在房间的角落里，胆怯地低下头，不敢看父亲那张阴沉的脸。(续写之情绪描写) Scared into crouching in the corner of the room，I lowered my head timidly，scared to look at/of looking at my father’s cloudy face.(分词短语作状语；形容词短语作状语) (3)当意识到那头熊返回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。我既担心又害怕，但还是鼓起勇气，努力把熊吓跑。(续写之恐惧心理描写) When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，I was nearly scared to death/out of my wits.Concerned and scared，I gathered up enough courage，making an effort to scare the bear off/away. 请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。 1．At 5 sharp① yesterday afternoon，while riding along a sharp② bend on the country road，I knocked over a young man with sharp③ eyes.Seeing my pale face，he didn’t throw sharp④ words to me but said humorously，“Look! The tyre tracks are quite sharp⑤ and clear.And luckily you don’t have a sharp⑥ knife fastened to your bike handle.” ①adv.(指时刻)……整 ②adj.(方向)急转的 ③adj.敏锐的 ④adj.尖利的，刺耳的 ⑤adj.清晰的 ⑥adj.锋利的 2．My diligent cousin operated① a restaurant.After buying a new computer which was easy to operate②，his measures to promote his restaurant operated③ at once，attracting many diners every day.To make his restaurant operate④ smoothly，he worked day and night.Unluckily，he fell ill and had to be operated⑤ on. ①vt.经营 ②vt.操作 ③vi.起作用，奏效 ④vi.运行，运转 ⑤vi.做手术 3．Due to an unexpected accident，his wound was torn① and the pain caused by the tear② made him burst into tears③. ①vt.撕裂 ②n.裂口 ③n.眼泪，泪水 4．Realizing that there was only a faint① chance for him to be cured，he fell forward onto the table and fainted② in the dark room，his breathing growing faint③. ①adj.可能性不大的 ②vi.昏倒；晕厥 ③adj.微弱的 课堂精讲精练2 Nothing demonstrates virtue more clearly than choosing to assist others despite the personal cost.Conversely，few actions harm trust more deeply than selfish exploitation.A moral society requires individuals to prioritize collective good—the first person to sacrifice comfort for justice sets a transformative example. assist vt.帮助；援助 (assistance n．帮助；援助 assistant n．助理；助手 adj.助理的；副的) ·assist sb to do/in doing sth帮助某人做某事 assist sb with/in sth在某方面帮助某人 ·come to one’s assistance来帮助某人 with the assistance of...在……的帮助下 (1)I am writing to convey my sincere gratitude to your shop assistant who came to my assistance when I fainted in your shop.(assist) (2)正是在你的帮助下，我成功地赢得了选举，并被任命为学生会主席。 It was with the assistance of you that I succeeded in winning the election and was appointed as chairman of the student council.(强调句) (3)这次活动不仅增进了我们学生之间的友谊，还帮助我们树立了积极的生活态度。(活动报道) Not only did the activity strengthen the friendship among us students，but it also assisted us to establish/in establishing a positive attitude towards life. harm n．& vt.伤害；损害 (harmful adj.有害的 harmfully adv.有害地harmless adj.无害的) ·do sb harm/do harm to sb对某人有害 There is no harm (in) doing sth.做某事无害处。 ·be harmful to对……有害 (1)The physician says that the medicine is harmful to children but harmless(harm) to adults. (2)沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。(话题写作之健康的生活方式) Being addicted to online games harms/is harmful to/does harm to our physical and mental health. Therefore，there is no harm (in) getting rid of it. “否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了…… 本句使用了“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义，意为“没有比……更……的了”。常用于此结构的否定词还有：no，not，never，nobody，hardly等。 (1)The judge exclaimed，“Your story is perfect and I’ve never heard a better(good) one.” (2)对我们来说，没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递善意更有意义了。(续写之升华句) To us，nothing is more meaningful than passing on kindness to those in trouble. (3)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐！”妈妈激动地回答道。(续写之情绪描写) “I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one！” the mother responded excitedly. the＋序数词＋n.＋to do She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。 ·本句中的不定式短语to be hired...作后置定语，修饰名词woman。当中心词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前面有the only，the last，the right等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。 ·在time，way，chance，ability，promise，attempt等名词后，常用不定式作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作。 (1)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact(contact) you failed. (2)我不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。 I can’t afford to miss such a precious chance to strengthen each other’s understanding. (3)我强烈推荐李华作为我们的代表。李华是在托福考试中唯一取得满分的学生，因此他有能力与外国客人进行有效沟通。所以，我坚信他是承担这项任务的最佳候选人。(推荐信) I strongly recommend Li Hua as our representative，who is the only student to achieve a full score in the TOEFL exam and thus has the ability to effectively communicate with foreign guests. Therefore，I firmly believe that he is the best candidate to undertake this task. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇 1．He spoke in whispers，“Watch out for the man who is of medium height and wears black sunglasses！” 2.In spite of others’ doubts，he still bit(bite) his lip and kept running until he reached the finishing line. 3．People gathered to attend the ceremony in memory of the famous political figure. 4．I’d like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to the expert who once carried me through moral dilemmas. 5．The majority(major) of my classmates prefer taking part in a range of activities，ranging from English Speech Competitions to talent shows. 6．The moment the boss arrived，the joyful atmosphere was replaced by/with a serious one. 7.To be frank，what we should do is not complaining to others about/of our work but learning to adapt to the environment. 8．The most energetic(energy) and significant festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. 9．The medical team held the strong belief that this complex operation(operate) would go smoothly. 10．At their traditional marriage(marry) ceremony，the couple happily set off loud firecrackers to bring good luck. Li Hua，an energetic medical student，was walking by a kindergarten 1.when an accident happened.A pregnant woman tripped over a fallen pole and fainted.As she saw this，her first response was 2.to conduct(conduct) first aid，but a passer-by whispered to her，“Think twice.” She was in a moral dilemma.After a short 3.hesitation(hesitate)，she thought there was no harm in sending the woman to a clinic.A physician who had just retired came to assist her.However，her mother spoke sharp words and complained about this for fear of blackmail(敲诈)．Li Hua became 4.scared(scare)．She had no income，savings or insurance.What if the woman asked her for a great deal of money? Maybe she could work as a waitress in a nearby café to earn her tuition fees.Her scholarship might also help.A chain of terrible thoughts 5.flashing(flash) through her mind，she was almost in despair，and therefore could not sleep 6.until midnight.Her father’s words carried her through the hard time.“Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life and a doctor will save a patient with all the might.What is 7.more precious(precious) than life? How can you reject your duty and ignore your principles？” The following day，she found the pregnant woman’s husband waiting in front of her classroom.Instead of accusing her，he thanked Li Hua again and again in tears.Immediately，her tension 8.was replaced(replace) with pride.Maybe it was her virtues 9.that helped Li Hua win her election and make 10.contributions(contribution) in her career as a doctor decades later. 2023·天津3月改编假如你叫李津。你的英国朋友Chris正在学习中文，他在电子邮件中希望通过你了解什么是“活雷锋”。现在，请你给他写一个邮件，内容要点如下： 1.解释什么是“活雷锋”；2.介绍一位你身边的“活雷锋”；3.鼓励他继续学习中文。 完成句子 1．我写这封信是为了回应你之前关于“活雷锋”是什么意思的询问。(in response to) I’m writing this letter in response to your previous inquiry about what a “living Lei Feng” means. 2．雷锋是中国人民的榜样，因为他总是第一个帮助那些需要帮助的人。(the＋序数词＋ n．＋to do) Lei Feng is a role model for the Chinese people because he was always the first one to help those in need. 3．“活雷锋”是一个继承雷锋精神，在当今社会往往做他曾经做过的事情的人。(定语从句；tend to do sth) A “living Lei Feng” is a person who inherits the spirit of Lei Feng and tends to do what he used to do in the present society. 4．没有人比我哥哥更愿意帮助有困难的人渡过困境了。(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义) Nobody is more willing to carry those in trouble through dilemmas than my elder brother. 5．如果你有任何关于中文的问题，我非常愿意充当“活雷锋”来帮助你。(come to one’s assistance) If you have any questions concerning Chinese，I am more than willing to come to your assistance by being a “living Lei Feng”． 组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。 参考范文 Dear Chris， I’m writing this letter in response to your previous inquiry about what a “living Lei Feng” means. Lei Feng is a role model for the Chinese people because he was always the first one to help those in need.A “living Lei Feng” is a person who inherits the spirit of Lei Feng and tends to do what he used to do in the present society.To be frank，nobody is more willing to carry those in trouble through dilemmas than my brother，who has won warm praises from both his colleagues and neighbours.Personally，I take him as my role model. I hope that my introduction may be helpful to you and that you make even greater progress in learning Chinese.If you have any questions concerning Chinese，I am more than willing to come to your assistance by being a “living Lei Feng”． Yours， Li Jin 语料积累 动作细节描写：哭泣流泪(一) 单词 weep vi.(wept，wept) 哭泣；water v．(眼睛)充满眼泪；sob vi.啜泣，呜咽；sniffle v．(因哭泣)抽鼻子；wail/bawl v．放声大哭 词块 be bathed in tears泪流满面；fight/hold back tears强忍住眼泪；be in floods of tears泪如泉涌；burst into tears/burst out crying突然哭起来；shed tears流泪；choke up哽咽；cry one’s eyes out/sob one’s heart out痛哭不止；cry bitter/lonely tears流下痛苦/孤独的泪水；sob/weep with one’s face buried in one’s hands掩面哭泣；bawl one’s eyes out号啕大哭 句型 1.Jane turned to me with tears in her eyes，and begged me to help her.(with的复合结构)简转向我，眼含泪水，恳求我帮帮她。 2.Bill fought back his tears and tried to comfort Sarah’s mother.比尔强忍住泪水，并试图安慰萨拉的母亲。 3.Her hands were shaking and she was on the verge of tears.她的手在颤抖，快要哭出来了。 4.Cecil came round later，crying his eyes out and asking me to forgive him.(现在分词短语作状语) 塞西尔后来来了，哭得很伤心，请求我原谅他。 5.Her vision blurred as tears overflowed.她的视线因泪水溢出而变得模糊。 语料运用 积极的人生态度 Susan was caught in a car accident and fainted.She finally came to herself after a chain of operations but went blind forever，①which threw her into the depths of despair(定语从句)．Scared to face the future，she buried her face in her hands，②crying her eyes out(现在分词短语作状语)．Seeing Susan ③bathed in tears(分词短语作宾补)，Mark，her husband，was heartbroken.He tended Susan with great care and determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence and step out of such a dilemma.Mark bought Susan a guide dog，encouraged her to learn Braille and accompanied her to the community to take part in activities.Gradually，Susan’s tension was replaced with confidence.④With tears in her eyes(with的复合结构)，she whispered gently，“Mark，thank you.⑤It was you that/who carried me through the tough situation(强调句型)．” 苏珊在一场车祸中昏迷了。经过一系列的手术后，她终于苏醒过来，但却永远失明，这将她抛进绝望的深渊。因为害怕面对未来，她双手掩面，痛哭不止。看到苏珊泪流满面，丈夫马克心碎了。他非常细心地照顾苏珊，决心帮助她恢复力量和信心，走出困境。马克为苏珊买了一只导盲犬，鼓励她学习盲文，并陪她去社区参加活动。渐渐地，苏珊的紧张情绪被自信取代。眼里含着泪水，她轻声说：“马克，谢谢你。是你帮助我渡过了难关。” 单元主题组合练 [62.5 分] Ⅰ.阅读理解 (每小题 2.5 分，满分 20 分) A (2025・湖北十堰三模) Before Pete Adler joined the Army，he majored in architecture.Now，after spending 25 years in equipment maintenance and supply，and another 17 years as a civilian employee，Adler is back to his architectural roots.And it’s for a good cause：building free ramps (坡道) for his senior and disabled neighbors. Adler began helping his neighbors after the nonprofit project：HOMES gave a ①presentation at his local Rotary Club.Adler recalls the ②representative saying—“Too many seniors and disabled individuals need ramps，but they can’t afford them.” That’s when Adler reached out to his friends so that they could start building ramps for neighbors in need. “I feel this is my calling，and I’d like to start a crew，” he told his friend Karen Scott，who was eager to jump in and help. Adler’s group of volunteers has only grown with time.Now when he pulls up to a house for an installation，he has about a dozen people by his side to transport lumber (木材)，work the saws，and assemble the deck. “It’s turned into an amazing service，” said Adler.“I really enjoy the process and the teamwork，and figuring out the best solution for people in need.” When a recipient can afford it，they are only charged with the cost of the materials.If they can’t cover the cost，project：HOMES steps in to pay the full price. Adler and his team of volunteers have transformed lives by building over 500 accessibility ramps for households in need.Adler has gone from building one ramp per weekend to completing three，sometimes four ramps each week across the Tri-Cities area. 71-year-old Jaunita Barnes is one of the 500 neighbors that Adler has helped through project：HOMES.After a stroke and heart attack，Barnes found it difficult to navigate the stairs with her walker.She was confined to her home for months—getting groceries delivered and calling doctors to her door—until Adler and his team stepped in to help. “Now I can go where I need to go，” said Barnes.“Adler and the others are truly nice.” 语境猜词 ①presentation (派)＝present＋ation n．展示 ②representative (派)＝represent＋ative n．代表 ( )1．Why did Adler return to architecture-related work? A．To take on a social responsibility. B．To continue his abandoned business. C．To earn fame from architecture. D．To make up for his neighbors. ( )2．What motivated Adler to initiate the ramp-building project? A．The Rotary Club’s nonprofit project. B．A personal interest in ramp design. C．A request from his disabled neighbors. D．The struggles the disadvantaged faced. ( )3．What does the growth of Adler’s volunteer group suggest about the project? A．It has gained recognition and support. B．It proves Adler’s profit has increased. C．It provides opportunity for volunteers. D．It requires professional construction skills. ( )4．How does Barnes probably feel about the ramps? A．Useful and cheap. B．Helpful and worthy. C．Unique and valuable. D．Costly and complicated. B (2025・辽宁模拟预测) In countries like Pakistan，it is a moral value that the elders make decisions for the young，no matter how big or personal the matter is，like their careers or even their weddings. I am not saying that these decisions totally go wrong or something.They are quite experienced people and have seen highs and lows of life and some of the decisions are really judicious ploys and it is helpful when the kids can’t decide or they feel confused.But people don’t really face the same experiences in their lives.It worsens when the elders almost force their children to follow what they feel is right for them. Robert，brother of my friend was forced to be a doctor when he really wanted to do hotel management and the guy ①is fed up with his life as he is sensitive and can’t stand burnt or injured people.This could easily have been avoided if his parents respected their son’s wish and helped him on his path. can somebody do something well when not interested in it? He would make matters worse for him and also for the people around him. One of the reasons for this is that parents want to secure the future for their kids，as every parent ②rightfully would feel that only a few notable professions are respected or give enough outcome to lead a successful life.One more thing here is that many parents are most enthusiastic about things which are the flavour of the month and supported by the government，really ignoring permanent factors. Another thing is inherited (继承的) professions like a barber’s son would have to be a barber and a businessman’s son must look after his family business. I have a suggestion that the parents should let their children decide what is good or bad for themselves and if the parents have some reservations about it，then they must discuss it with their kids and take them in confidence over it. 语境猜词 ①be fed up with 厌倦；受够了 ②rightfully (派)＝right＋ful＋ly adv. 理所当然地 ( )5．What do the underlined words “judicious ploys” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Heavy loads. B．Brilliant ideas. C．Rare situations. D．Useful opportunities. ( )6．What can be learnt about Robert? A．He feels life tiresome. B．He often makes mistakes. C．He has adapted to his profession. D．He has got on well with his parents. ( )7．What are many parents most interested in? A．Social positions. B．Substantial income. C．Temporary benefits. D．Children’s preference. ( )8．What is the text mainly talking about? A． The moral values in Pakistan. B．The concerns from parents over their kids. C．The approaches of making proper decisions. D．The practice of parents deciding kids’ future. Ⅱ. 七选五 (每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分) When a person is authentic，it means that they act in ways that genuinely show how they feel.They do this rather than putting on different faces around different people，or tailoring their personality based on context. 1____________.To be authentic，you need to accept yourself for who you are，and treat others with respect.Authentic people display a consistent set of values，and don’t change their behaviour from one conversation to the next. Accept yourself for who you are.Accepting yourself often requires a mental attitude adjustment.Try to be slower to criticize yourself or see yourself as inferior to (次于) others.Focus on accepting and appreciating who you are as a unique individual. 2 Put time into personal growth.There is a great deal of ①authenticity to be found in growing yourself and pursuing interests that fulfill you as a person.3____________.In contrast，inauthentic people often neglect the things that interest them in favor of pursuing whatever they believe to be popular or socially required of them. 4.____________.Authentic people are in touch with their moral compass and their personal set of beliefs.This includes religious beliefs，moral beliefs，and beliefs of any other kind.These beliefs should be evident in your daily behaviours.Many people ②unthinkingly adopt a partner’s，parent’s or friend’s beliefs without figuring out if the beliefs are right for them. Express your thoughts and feelings.5____________.Authentic people are comfortable speaking their mind and communicating when they have a problem or are appreciative of something.If you feel prohibited to speak your mind，or realize that you frequently only say what you think those around you expect to hear，you’re likely behaving inauthentically. A．Ask people for help when you need it. B．Act on your personal beliefs and values. C．Talk about your opinion when it matters to you. D．This can be done through classes，volunteering or hobbies. E．This will lead to authentic behaviours in line with your personality. F．If you don’t have a fear of rejection，it will be easier to maintain a relationship. G．Personal authenticity is the daily expression of your core beliefs and personality. 语境猜词 ①authenticity (派)＝authentic＋ity n．真实性 ②unthinkingly (派)＝un＋think＋ing＋ly adv. 不假思索地 Ⅲ. 完形填空 (每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) (2025・浙江杭州模拟预测) We lived in Cleveland，Ohio.One afternoon a couple of summers ago，just as the sky was 1 ，a woman I didn’t know stood 2 in our doorway，holding the screen door open.I saw the silhouette (轮廓) of her head through the window.She didn’t feel well at all.So，I wondered，what should I do now? This moment of decision had 3 to me before.For nineteen years，we’ve lived at the 4 of a highway，which often leads exhausted cars to our house.These travelers have all asked for little things，such as the phone，a glass of water，or 5 directions.All have been strangers to me. Nowadays，we live in a world full of suspicion.Conventional wisdom advises that to 6 a good person is to be naive and risk terrible consequences.News is full of stories about 7 who unintentionally endanger themselves.There is no doubt that those are true stories，but the lesson ①goes against my belief.Sometimes to do the right thing，you must take 8 .Must we fear all of those whom we don’t know? Is our own personal safety always the important 9 ？ Our location 10 me to make difficult choices.The highway makes it impossible to 11 the world and relationship to it.When someone approaches us for help，I have to decide：Do I help them or not? I believe 12 others who need help endangers me，too.I’d rather risk my 13 safety than my peace of mind.I’d rather live my life acting out of 14 than save it by living in ②uneasiness. So when the woman was sinking like the sun on my front doorstep，I made my choice. I 15 the door. 语境猜词 ①go against 违背 ②uneasiness (派)＝un＋easy＋ness n．不安 ( )1．A.clearing B．brightening C．darkening D．clouding ( )2．A.sinking B．drooping C．weeping D．shouting ( )3．A.led B．responded C．appealed D．happened ( )4．A.exit B．heart C．entrance D．peak ( )5．A.even B．merely C．mainly D．randomly ( )6．A.work out B．learn from C．act as D．hear of ( )7．A.explorers B．survivors C．victims D．adventurers ( )8．A.action B．responsibility C．notes D．risks ( )9．A.advice B．consideration C．idea D．criterion ( )10．A.forces B．allows C．motivates D．begs ( )11．A.ignore B．greet C．notice D．fight ( )12．A.accepting B．rejecting C．embracing D．disliking ( )13．A.virtual B．emotional C．physical D．spiritual ( )14．A.necessity B．envy C．curiosity D．mercy ( )15．A.opened B．locked C．closed D．pushed Ⅳ. 语法填空 (每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) (2025・湖南娄底期末) Chinese culture has long been shaped by its ①deep-rooted emphasis on family values.These values form the foundation of Chinese society. Filial piety，or “xiao”，is a ②cornerstone of Chinese family values.1._________(develop) from Confucian teachings，it emphasizes the importance of respecting and caring for one’s parents and elders.Children 2._________(teach) to honor their parents’ wisdom and experience，and to provide support and care as they age. Education is 3._________(high) valued in Chinese family values and is viewed as a means of upward mobility and 4._________(person) growth.Parents invest significant resources into their children’s education，with academic achievement serving 5.________ a symbol of family honor.The pursuit of success is deeply rooted in Chinese culture，driven by a desire to provide a better future for the family. As China 6._________(experience) rapid social and economic changes now，traditional family values are evolving.While 7._________ core values remain unchanged，their expression and application have adapted to accommodate the various 8._________(demand) of a modern society.But the principles of harmony，respect，and shared responsibility continue to guide family relationships,9._________ have nurtured close-knit family units and formed a sense of belonging and support. Chinese family values remind us of the enduring importance of respect and harmony,10.________(emphasize) the deep impact that strong family bonds can have on individuals and society as a whole. 语境猜词 ①deep-rooted (合)＝deep＋rooted adj. 根深蒂固的 ②cornerstone (合)＝corner＋stone n．基石 参考答案与解析 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Adler 为老人和残疾人邻居建免费坡道的善举。 1．答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中 “And it’s for a good cause：building free ramps (坡道) for his senior and disabled neighbors.” 可知，Adler 重新回到建筑领域是为了承担社会责任，为年迈和残疾的邻居建免费坡道。故选 A。 2．答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中 “Adler recalls the representative saying—‘Too many seniors and disabled individuals need ramps，but they can’t afford them.’ That’s when Adler reached out to his friends so that they could start building ramps for neighbors in need.” 可知，是弱势群体面临的困难，即需要坡道却负担不起，促使 Adler 发起了建坡道的项目。故选 D。 3．答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段 “Adler’s group of volunteers has only grown with time.Now when he pulls up to a house for an installation，he has about a dozen people by his side to transport lumber (木材)，work the saws，and assemble the deck.” 可知，Adler 的志愿者团队随着时间不断壮大，说明这个项目得到了越来越多人的认可和支持，大家愿意加入进来帮忙。故选 A。 4．答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 “After a stroke and heart attack，Barnes found it difficult to navigate the stairs with her walker.She was confined to her home for months—getting groceries delivered and calling doctors to her door—until Adler and his team stepped in to help.” 以及最后一段 “‘Now I can go where I need to go，’ said Barnes.‘Adler and the others are truly nice.’” 可知，Barnes 觉得这些坡道很有帮助且充满价值。故选 B。 B 语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。关于父母喜欢根据自己的经验来决定孩子未来的做法，作者分析了其中原因并给出了针对性的建议。 5．答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后文 “it is helpful when the kids can’t decide or they feel confused” 可知，当孩子们无法决定或感到困惑时，家长的决定很有帮助，即是好的主意。故画线词意思是 “好的主意”。故选 B。 6．答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中 “Robert，brother of my friend was forced to be a doctor when he really wanted to do hotel management and the guy is fed up with his life as he is sensitive and can’t stand burnt or injured people.” 可知，罗伯特觉得生活很烦人。故选 A。 7．答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中 “One more thing here is that many parents are most enthusiastic about things which are the flavour of the month and supported by the government，really ignoring permanent factors.” 可知，flavour of the month 指风靡一时的事物，对应 “暂时利益”，说明许多家长最感兴趣的是暂时利益。故选 C。 8．答案：D 解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，作者在文中分析了为什么父母喜欢根据自己的经验来决定孩子的未来，并给出了针对性的建议，所以这篇文章主要围绕 “父母决定孩子未来的做法” 展开。故选 D。 Ⅱ. 七选五 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是个人真实性以及如何做到真实，包括接受自我、投入个人成长、依据个人信念和价值观行事以及表达自己的想法和感受等方面。 1．答案：G 解析：上文 “When a person is authentic，it means that they act in ways that genuinely show how they feel.They do this rather than putting on different faces around different people，or tailoring their personality based on context.” 解释了一个真实的人如何行为处事，G 选项 (个人真实性是你核心信念和个性的日常表达) 进一步阐述了个人真实性的含义，上下文语意连贯。故选 G 项。 2．答案：E 解析：上文 “Accepting yourself often requires a mental attitude adjustment.Try to be slower to criticize yourself or see yourself as inferior to (次于) others.Focus on accepting and appreciating who you are as a unique individual.” 建议要接受自己、调整心态、减少对自己的批评并欣赏自己作为独特个体的身份，E 选项 (这将使你的行为与你的个性相符，变得真实) 承接上文，说明接受自己、调整心态后带来的结果，上下文语意连贯。故选 E 项。 3．答案：D 解析：上文 “There is a great deal of authenticity to be found in growing yourself and pursuing interests that fulfill you as a person.” 建议要投入个人成长，追求能让自己感到满足的兴趣爱好，D 选项 (这可以通过上课、做志愿者或培养爱好来实现) 承接上文，说明实现自我成长和追求兴趣的具体途径，上下文语意连贯。故选 D 项。 4．答案：B 解析：下文 “Authentic people are in touch with their moral compass and their personal set of beliefs.This includes religious beliefs，moral beliefs，and beliefs of any other kind.These beliefs should be evident in your daily behaviours.” 建议要依据个人信念和价值观行事，B 选项 (依据你的个人信念和价值观行事) 概括本段内容，是段首主旨句。故选 B 项。 5．答案：C 解析：上文 “Express your thoughts and feelings.” 建议要表达自己的想法和感受，C 选项 (当事情对你很重要时，谈谈你的看法) 承接上文，进一步说明在什么情况下要表达自己的看法，上下文语意连贯。故选 C 项。 Ⅲ. 完形填空 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在陌生人求助时选择信任与帮助的故事。 1．答案：C 解析：clear 放晴；brighten 变亮；darken 变暗；cloud 给…… 蒙上阴影。根据倒数第二段中 “the woman was sinking like the sun” 可知，此处指天色变暗，故选 C。 2．答案：B 解析：sink 下沉，倒下；droop 无力下垂；weep 哭泣；shout 喊叫。根据后文 “She didn’t feel well at all.” 可知，女士身体不适，drooping 形象地描述其虚弱的状态，故选 B。 3．答案：D 解析：lead 引导；respond 回应；appeal 吸引；happen 发生。根据空后内容可知，作者过去经常遇到陌生人求助的情况，所以这样需要做决定的时刻以前也发生在作者身上，故选 D。 4．答案：A 解析：exit 出口；heart 中心；entrance 入口；peak 顶峰。根据后文 “exhausted cars to our house” 可知，房子位于高速公路出口，因此经常有疲惫的司机在此处停靠求助，故选 A。 5．答案：B 解析：even 甚至；merely 仅仅；mainly 主要地；randomly 随机地。根据空前的 “or” 可知，此处强调或者 “只是” 问路，故选 B。 6．答案：C 解析：work out 解决；learn from 学习；act as 充当，表现为；hear of 听说。根据后文 “a good person is to be naive and risk terrible consequences” 可知，此处指做一个好人，故选 C。 7．答案：C 解析：explorer 探险家；survivor 幸存者；victim 受害者；adventurer 冒险家。根据后文 “who unintentionally endanger themselves” 可知，这里指因帮助他人而无意使自己受害的人，故选 C。 8．答案：D 解析：action 行动；responsibility 责任；note 笔记；risk 冒险。根据前文 “who unintentionally endanger themselves” 可知，这里指帮助陌生人需冒风险，故选 D。 9．答案：B 解析：advice 建议；consideration 考虑因素；idea 想法；criterion 标准。根据前文 “who unintentionally endanger themselves” 可知，这里指是否将安全作为首要考虑因素，故选 B。 10．答案：A 解析：force 迫使；allow 允许；motivate 激励；beg 乞求。根据后文 “The highway makes it impossible to...When someone approaches us for help，I have to decide...” 可知，因地处高速出口，陌生人求助频繁，迫使作者必须抉择，故选 A。 11．答案：A 解析：ignore 忽视；greet 问候；notice 注意；fight 战斗。根据前文 “which often leads exhausted cars to our house” 可知，因常有陌生人求助，所以无法忽视外界需求，故选 A。 12．答案：B 解析：accept 接受；reject 拒绝；embrace 拥抱；dislike 厌恶。根据后文 “than save it by living in uneasiness” 可知，拒绝帮助他人会让自己内心不安，故选 B。 13．答案：C 解析：virtual 虚拟的；emotional 情感的；physical 身体的；spiritual 精神的。根据后文 “safety than my peace of mind” 可知，作者宁愿冒人身安全的风险，physical safety 指 “人身安全”，与精神安宁形成对比，故选 C。 14．答案：D 解析：necessity 必要；envy 嫉妒；curiosity 好奇；mercy 仁慈。根据前文 “I’d rather live my life acting out of” 可知，帮助陌生人是出于仁慈，故选 D。 15．答案：A 解析：open 打开；lock 锁上；close 关闭；push 推。根据前文 “I’d rather live my life acting out of” 可知，作者选择帮助，故打开门迎接求助者，故选 A。 Ⅳ. 语法填空 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是中国家庭价值观的核心要素，如孝道与教育的重要性，及其在现代社会中的演变与发展。 1．答案：Developed 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，develop 与逻辑主语 it 指代的 Filial piety 之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填 Developed。 2．答案：are taught 解析：考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词，结合语境以及上文的谓语动词 emphasizes 以及从句中的谓语动词 age 可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，使用一般现在时，teach 与主语 Children 之间为被动关系，所以使用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为名词复数。故填 are taught。 3．答案：highly 解析：考查副词。此处为副词作状语修饰谓语动词，high 的副词形式为 highly，意为 “高度地”，符合句意。故填 highly。 4．答案：personal 解析：考查形容词。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词 growth，person 的形容词形式为 personal，意为 “个人的”，符合句意。故填 personal。 5．答案：as 解析：考查介词。此处为固定短语 serve as“充当，用作”，符合句意。故填 as。 6．答案：is experiencing 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词，根据句意以及时间状语 now 可知，此处使用现在进行时，表示动作正在进行，主语 China 为第三人称单数。故填 is experiencing。 7．答案：the 解析：考查冠词。结合句意，此处表示的是上文提到的核心价值，所以此处表示特指，使用定冠词 the。故填 the。 8．答案：demands 解析：考查名词复数。此处为名词作宾语，demand 为可数名词，意为 “需求”，且空前有 various 修饰，所以此处使用名词复数。故填 demands。 9．答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为主句的主语，指事物，所以使用关系代词 which。故填 which。 10．答案：emphasizing 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，emphasize 与逻辑主语 Chinese family values 之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填 emphasizing。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $