Unit 4 Friends forever重点单词变形，语法，短语，知识点复习题-2026-2027学年高一英语必修第一册（外研版）

Unit 4 Friends forever 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习 (知识点全覆盖) 单词变形 1. prefer v. 更喜欢 → preference n. 偏爱，偏好 2. advance n. 进步；v. 前进 → advanced adj. 先进的，高级的 3. digital adj. 数字的，数码的 → digit n. 数字；数位 4. enable v. 使可能，使发生 → able adj. 能够的，有能力的；unable adj. 不能够的，无能力的 5. unusual adj. 异常的，不平常的 → usual adj. 平常的，通常的 6. inspire v. 鼓舞，激励；赋予灵感 → inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；inspired adj. 受鼓舞的，有灵感的；inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事物 7. teenager n. 青少年 → teenage adj. 青少年的；十几岁的 8. comfort n. 安慰，慰藉 → comfortable adj. 舒适的；安逸的；comfort v. 安慰；抚慰 9. patient adj. 有耐心的 n. 病人 → patience n. 耐心；忍耐力；impatient adj. 没有耐心的；不耐烦的 10. passion n. 激情；强烈的情感 → passionate adj. 充满激情的；热烈的 11. generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的 → generosity n. 慷慨，大方；宽宏大量 12. anxious adj. 焦虑的，不安的 → anxiety n. 焦虑，不安；担忧 13. ordinary adj. 普通的，平常的 → extraordinary adj. 非同寻常的；非凡的 14. fortune n. 财富；巨款；命运 → fortunate adj. 幸运的；交好运的；unfortunate adj. 不幸的；倒霉的 15. prove v. 证明，证实 → proof n. 证据；证明；证词 16. quality n. 品质，素质；质量 → qualitative adj. 质量的；定性的 17. correspond v. 通信；相一致 → correspondence n. 通信；信件往来；相符 18. strike v. 划（火柴）；打击；撞击 → striking adj. 显著的；惊人的；引人注目的 19. shame n. 羞愧；羞耻 → ashamed adj. 感到难为情的，羞愧的 20. locate v. 定位；使坐落于 → location n. 地点，位置；场所 21. surround v. 包围；环绕 → surroundings n. 周围的事物，环境（只用复数） 22. person n. 人 → personality n. 个性，性格；人格 一、单句语法填空 1．Mr Johnson owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned. (fortunate), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. 【答案】Fortunately 【详解】句意：约翰逊先生拥有一个看上去几乎荒废的农场。幸运的是，他还有一头每天产奶的奶牛。空格位于句首修饰整个句子，需要副词，fortunate的副词形式为fortunately，意为“幸运的是”，位于句首，首字母需大写。 2．It was her teacher’s (encourage) that led her into acting when she was young. 【答案】encouragement 【详解】考查名词。句意：正是老师的鼓励，让她年轻时开始演戏。该句为强调句，根据空格前的teacher’s可知，此处应该用提示词的名词形式encouragement作被强调的主语。故填encouragement。 3．Having read the book, Mary will be able to pass on the (acquire) knowledge to trainee teachers. 【答案】acquired 【详解】句意：读完这本书后，玛丽将能够将所学知识传授给实习教师。空处作修饰knowledge的定语，acquire“学到，习得”和knowledge逻辑上是被动关系，因此用acquire的过去分词形式acquired。 4．Their change of plan is strange. I don’t think it’s (significance). 【答案】significant 【详解】句意：他们改变计划很奇怪。我认为这并不重要。系动词is后面需要使用形容词作表语；名词significance的形容词形式为 significant“重要的，有意义的”。 5．Mary needn’t have been so (anxiety) about the deadline because she had plenty of time to complete the task. 【答案】anxious 【详解】句意：玛丽本不必为截止日期如此焦虑，因为她有充足时间完成任务。空格被so修饰，作表语，用anxiety的形容词anxious。 6．When interviewed about their spare time arrangements last month, most office workers (prefer) shorter working days. 【答案】preferred 【详解】句意：上个月在接受关于业余时间安排的采访时，大多数上班族更喜欢更短的工作日。空处是主句谓语动词，根据时间状语“last month”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，prefer的过去式为preferred。 7．To build the house needs as much water as to build the road of this   (distant)． 【答案】distance 【详解】句意：建造这栋房子所需的水量和修建这段距离的道路所需水量一样多。 空格前有指示代词this，后面需要接名词作宾语；distant是形容词，名词形式 distance 表示“距离”。 8．Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the doubters wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an (inspire) for many social media users. 【答案】inspiration 【详解】句意：Donohue女士曾因年龄太大无法锻炼而被嘲笑，但她以最好的方式证明了怀疑者是错误的，并且确实成为了许多社交媒体用户的激励人物。不定冠词“an”后接可数名词单数，inspire的名词形式为inspiration，意为“鼓舞人心的人/事物”，位于become后作表语。 9．Technology really (enable) people to communicate better with each other. 【答案】enables 【详解】句意：科技确实让人们能够更好地和彼此沟通交流。空处作句子谓语。本句是对客观事实的陈述，因此用一般现在时。句子主语Technology是不可数名词，谓语动词需要使用第三人称单数形式enables。 10．We all admire her for her (generous) and willingness to help people in need. 【答案】generosity 【详解】句意：我们都钦佩她的慷慨和乐于帮助有需要的人。此处和willingness并列作介词for的宾语，用名词generosity“慷慨”，不可数名词。 11．This island is a perfect (locate) for a summer vacation because of its clean beaches. 【答案】location 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个岛屿因其干净的海滩而成为度暑假的绝佳地点。本空作表语，且由a perfect修饰，用名词location“地点”。故填location。 12．This is the second time in ten years that a major earthquake (strike) this region. 【答案】has struck 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是十年来该地区第二次发生重大地震了。在“This is the + 序数词 + time + that 从句”结构中，that从句要用现在完成时，表示“这是第几次做某事”。strike的过去分词是struck，主语a major earthquake是单数，所以用has struck。故填has struck。 13．Embarrassed and (shame), I can’t concentrate on anything. 【答案】ashamed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我又尴尬又羞愧，无法集中精力做任何事情。空处和Embarrassed并列作状语，需用形容词ashamed，表示“羞愧的”。故填ashamed。 14．She keeps her followers (update) on her travels through daily vlogs. 【答案】updated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她通过每日的视频博客向粉丝们更新自己的旅行情况。空处作宾语补足语，update“向……提供最新信息”和her followers逻辑上是被动关系，因此用update的过去分词形式。故填updated。 15． (maintain) a healthy social life, I’d like to see people in person instead of on social media. 【答案】To maintain 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保持健康的人际交往状态，我希望人们能面对面交流，而非通过社交媒体。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式，句首单词，首字母大写。故填To maintain。 16．Mrs. Smith, has a lot of teaching experience at junior level, will be joining the school in September. 【答案】who 【详解】句意：有着丰富初中教学经验的史密斯夫人将于九月份加入这所学校。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Mrs. Smith，指人，从句缺少主语，所以使用关系代词who引导。 17．Her mother, in she confided, said she would support her unconditionally. 【答案】whom 【详解】句意：她向母亲倾诉心事，母亲说会无条件支持她。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Her mother指人，且在从句中作介词in的宾语，用关系代词whom，构成“介词 + 关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。confide in sb.表示“向某人倾诉”。 18．Early in the morning, hikers packed everything they will need for the day’s hike. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：清晨时分，徒步者们收拾好了当天徒步所需的一切物品。空处引导定语从句，先行词是everything，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that引导。 19．The Louvre or the Louvre Museum is the world’s largest museum displays various masterpieces of the nation and the world. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：卢浮宫，又称卢浮宫博物馆，是世界上最大的博物馆，这里陈列着本国和世界各地的各类杰作。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词museum，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，前先行词被最高级修饰，只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 20．It is the most ridiculous reason he has ever offered for his being late for school. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这是他为上学迟到给出的最荒谬的理由。句中先行词为reason，且先行词被最高级the most ridiculous修饰，在定语从句he has ever offered for his being late for school中作宾语，这种情况下关系词只能用that 。 故填that。 二、单词拼写 21．He was so ________ (渴望的) to return home that he had booked a train ticket before the vacation began. 【答案】anxious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他太急于回家了，以至于在假期开始之前就已经订好了火车票。was后加形容词，故填anxious。 22．Mozart showed an _________ (不寻常的) talent for music from an early age. 【答案】unusual 【详解】句意：莫扎特从小就展现出了非凡的音乐天赋。空处位于不定冠词an与名词talent之间，应用形容词unusual作定语，修饰talent。 23．Something urgent has just come up. Could I______（推迟）our appointment？ 【答案】postpone 【详解】考查动词。句意：一些紧急的事情出来了，可以把预约推迟吗？分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，根据汉语提示，故用postpone。 24．She likes to keep people at a  __________(距离). 【答案】distance 【详解】考查名词。句意：她喜欢与人保持距离。短语at a distance“有一些距离”，故填distance。 25．One student replied that she ________ (更喜爱) literature to social science. 【答案】preferred 【详解】句意：一名学生回答说，比起社会科学，她更喜欢文学。空处是宾语从句的谓语动词，根据主句谓语replied可知，主句为一般过去时，宾语从句也要用一般过去时；根据中文提示“更喜欢”可知，此处应填动词prefer的过去式preferred。 26．New habits and routines ________ (获得) gradually during the six-week training course so far. 【答案】have been acquired 【详解】句意：到目前为止，在这为期六周的培训课程中，新习惯和日常行为模式已逐渐被习得。根据汉语提示“获得”可知，此处应用动词acquire，在句中作谓语；根据时间状语so far可知，句子应用现在完成时；且主语与acquire之间为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语New habits and routines为复数，助动词应用have，所以谓语动词为have been acquired。 27．The firefighters were ________ (拖拽) the injured man out of the burning building. 【答案】dragging 【详解】句意：消防员们正把受伤的男子从着火的大楼里拖拽出来。根据汉语提示“拖拽”可知，此处为动词drag，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时，空处需填现在分词dragging。 28．The house looked strangely __________ (熟悉的), though she knew she’d never been there before. 【答案】familiar 【详解】句意：这所房子看起来很熟悉，尽管她知道她以前从未去过那里。根据汉语提示“熟悉的”和空格前的系动词looked可知，空格处应该用形容词familiar作表语。 29．The hotel offers a friendly ________ (气氛) and the personal service. 【答案】atmosphere 【详解】句意：这家酒店提供友好的气氛和个性化服务。“气氛”是atmosphere，由a friendly修饰可知，空格处用名词单数形式atmosphere，作宾语。 30．I have been ________ (通信) with several experts in the field. 【答案】corresponding 【详解】句意：我一直与该领域的几位专家保持通信。“通信”是correspond，由have been可知，此处为现在完成进行时，空格处用现在分词corresponding。 三、完成句子 31．I drink black coffee ________________. 我喜欢喝黑咖啡，而他更喜欢喝加牛奶的。 【答案】while he prefers it with milk 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“而（对比）”应用while；表示“他更喜欢喝加牛奶的”应用he prefers it with milk，时态与前文保持一致用一般现在时。 32．The door wouldn’t open，________________________________ hard she pushed． 无论她怎样用力推，这扇门就是不开。 【答案】no matter how 【详解】考查状语从句的连接词。根据句意可知，本句的空格处为“无论她怎样用力推”。英语中用于无论怎么……，一般用“no matter +疑问代词/副词...”，此处修饰副词hard，应使用how,故本空填no matter how。 33．如果汽车抛锚了怎么办？ ________ the car breaks down? 【答案】What if 【详解】考查固定句型。根据汉语意思“如果……怎么办”可知句型为what if ，句首单词首字母要大写。故填What if。 34．我十分清楚他想干什么。 I know well enough ________________________________. 【答案】what he is up to 【详解】考查宾语从句和固定短语。本题考查固定短语be up to，意为“忙于，从事某事”，在从句中作动词know的宾语，表示“什么”，需用what引导宾语从句，宾语从句中需用陈述语序，根据know可知，主句为一般现在时，故宾语从句时态也用一般现在时，宾语从句主语为he，故宾语从句系动词用is。故填what he is up to。 35．他终于出现了。 He finally _________ ________. 【答案】 showed/turned up 【详解】考查时态和动词短语。表示“出现”可用短语show up/turn up，根据句意可知，句子表述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时，故第一空填showed/turned，第二空填up。 36．多亏每个人的帮助，我们准时完成了工作。 ________ ________ everybody’s help, we finished the job on time. 【答案】 Thanks to 【详解】考查固定搭配。根据句意和后面的名词短语everyone's help(每个人的帮助)可知，此处应用介词短语thanks to，表示“多亏”，且单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填①Thanks；②to。 37．我特别渴望把这项工作做好。 I ________ especially ________ ________ ________ it well. 【答案】 am anxious to do 【详解】考查时态、主谓一致和固定搭配。分析句子可知，为一般事实性描述，应用一般现在时。表示“渴望”应用固定搭配be anxious to，且be动词要与主语I保持主谓一致，故用am。表示“把这项工作做好”应用do it well。故填am和anxious to do。 38．这种所谓的“速效法”被证明对青少年有害。 The so-called ‘quick-fix’ method ________ ________ _________ ________ to teenagers. 【答案】 proves to be harmful 【详解】考查时态和固定短语。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“prove to be…”，意为“被证明是……，被证实”，句子主语“method”为可数名词单数形式，故应用“prove”的三单形式“proves”，“be harmful to…”意为“对……有害”。故填proves to be harmful。 39．中国高铁，质量上乘、安全可靠。 China's high - speed trains ________ ________ ________ ________, safe and reliable. 【答案】 are of high/good quality 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：中国高铁，质量上乘、安全可靠。分析句子可知，此处可使用be+of+名词表示形容词的用法，句中主语是复数形式，为保持主谓一致，谓语也应使用复数形式。故填①are ②of③high/good④quality。 40．他很快适应了新环境。 He adapted himself quickly to ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 the new surroundings 【详解】考查名词。根据汉语提示，所设空处意为“新环境”，可译为new surroundings，作介词to的宾语，该处为特指意义，应使用定冠词the。故填①the ②new ③surroundings。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Friends forever 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习 (知识点全覆盖) 单词变形 1. prefer v. 更喜欢 → ________ n. 偏爱，偏好 2. advance n. 进步；v. 前进 → ________ adj. 先进的，高级的 3. digital adj. 数字的，数码的 → ________ n. 数字 4. enable v. 使可能，使发生 → ________ adj. 能够的；________ adj. 不能够的 5. unusual adj. 异常的，不平常的 → ________ adj. 平常的，通常的 6. inspire v. 鼓舞，激励 → ________ adj.鼓舞人心的；________ adj.受鼓舞的；________ n.灵感 7. teenager n. 青少年 → ________ adj. 青少年的 8. comfort n. 安慰，慰藉 → ________ adj.舒适的；________ v.安慰 9. patient adj.有耐心的 n.病人 → ________ n.耐心；________ adj.没有耐心的 10. passion n. 激情 → ________ adj.充满激情的 11. generous adj.慷慨的 → ________ n.慷慨，大方 12. anxious adj.焦虑的 → ________ n.焦虑，不安 13. ordinary adj.普通的 → ________ adj.非同寻常的 14. fortune n.财富；命运 → ________ adj.幸运的；________ adj.不幸的 15. prove v.证明，证实 → ________ n.证据，证明 16. quality n.品质，素质 → ________ adj.高质量的；定性的 17. correspond v.通信 → ________ n.通信；信件往来 18. strike v.划（火柴）；打击 → ________ adj.显著的；惊人的 19. shame n.羞愧 → ________ adj.感到难为情的，羞愧的 20. locate v.定位 → ________ n.地点，位置 21. surround v.包围 → ________ n.周围的事物，环境 22. person n.人 → ________ n.个性，性格 一、单句语法填空 1．Mr Johnson owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned. (fortunate), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. 2．It was her teacher’s (encourage) that led her into acting when she was young. 3．Having read the book, Mary will be able to pass on the (acquire) knowledge to trainee teachers. 4．Their change of plan is strange. I don’t think it’s (significance). 5．Mary needn’t have been so (anxiety) about the deadline because she had plenty of time to complete the task. 6．When interviewed about their spare time arrangements last month, most office workers (prefer) shorter working days. 7．To build the house needs as much water as to build the road of this   (distant)． 8．Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the doubters wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an (inspire) for many social media users. 9．Technology really (enable) people to communicate better with each other. 10．We all admire her for her (generous) and willingness to help people in need. 11．This island is a perfect (locate) for a summer vacation because of its clean beaches. 12．This is the second time in ten years that a major earthquake (strike) this region. 13．Embarrassed and (shame), I can’t concentrate on anything. 14．She keeps her followers (update) on her travels through daily vlogs. 15． (maintain) a healthy social life, I’d like to see people in person instead of on social media. 16．Mrs. Smith, has a lot of teaching experience at junior level, will be joining the school in September. 17．Her mother, in she confided, said she would support her unconditionally. 18．Early in the morning, hikers packed everything they will need for the day’s hike. 19．The Louvre or the Louvre Museum is the world’s largest museum displays various masterpieces of the nation and the world. 20．It is the most ridiculous reason he has ever offered for his being late for school. 二、单词拼写 21．He was so ________ (渴望的) to return home that he had booked a train ticket before the vacation began. 22．Mozart showed an _________ (不寻常的) talent for music from an early age. 23．Something urgent has just come up. Could I______（推迟）our appointment？ 24．She likes to keep people at a  __________(距离). 25．One student replied that she ________ (更喜爱) literature to social science. 26．New habits and routines ________ (获得) gradually during the six-week training course so far. 27．The firefighters were ________ (拖拽) the injured man out of the burning building. 28．The house looked strangely __________ (熟悉的), though she knew she’d never been there before. 29．The hotel offers a friendly ________ (气氛) and the personal service. 30．I have been ________ (通信) with several experts in the field. 三、完成句子 31．I drink black coffee ________________. 我喜欢喝黑咖啡，而他更喜欢喝加牛奶的。 32．The door wouldn’t open，________________________________ hard she pushed． 无论她怎样用力推，这扇门就是不开。 33．如果汽车抛锚了怎么办？ ________ the car breaks down? 34．我十分清楚他想干什么。 I know well enough ________________________________. 35．他终于出现了。 He finally _________ ________. 36．多亏每个人的帮助，我们准时完成了工作。 ________ ________ everybody’s help, we finished the job on time. 37．我特别渴望把这项工作做好。 I ________ especially ________ ________ ________ it well. 38．这种所谓的“速效法”被证明对青少年有害。 The so-called ‘quick-fix’ method ________ ________ _________ ________ to teenagers. 39．中国高铁，质量上乘、安全可靠。 China's high - speed trains ________ ________ ________ ________, safe and reliable. 40．他很快适应了新环境。 He adapted himself quickly to ________ ________ ________. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $