Unit 4 Everyday economics 习题 -2025-2026学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第四册

高中英语外研版 2019 选择性必修第四册 Unit 4 Everyday economics习题 一、单词拼写 1. Prices change according to supply and __________ (需求). 2. You should make a __________ (预算) before you spend. 3. The company aims to __________ (增加) its profits. 4. We must __________ (节省) money for unexpected costs. 5. The __________ (市场) for electric cars is growing fast. 6. He earns a good __________ (薪水) at his new job. 7. Rising prices reduce people's __________ (购买力). 8. It is wise to __________ (投资) in your own education. 9. The shop offers a __________ (折扣) on all winter clothes. 10. Careful __________ (管理) of money avoids debt. 二、词性转化 1. The __________ (demand) for clean energy keeps rising. 2. Good __________ (manage) of money prevents debt. 3. The company hopes to __________ (increase) its sales. 4. We should __________ (saving) for the future. 5. The __________ (invest) of time in study always pays off. 6. His __________ (earn) are enough to support the family. 7. Prices depend on supply and __________ (demand). 8. Electric cars are becoming more __________ (economics). 9. She bought the coat at a big __________ (discount). 10. Careful __________ (budget) helps you spend wisely. 三、选词填空（从下列所给词中选择合适的单词并用其正确形式填空） budget, save, invest, market, demand, profit, discount, manage 1. Before you buy anything, make sure it fits your __________. 2. It is a good habit to __________ a little money each month. 3. People often __________ in education because it never loses value. 4. The __________ for fresh food rises sharply in winter. 5. A small shop must __________ its costs very carefully. 6. The company made a large __________ last year. 7. You can buy the shoes at half price during the __________. 8. The __________ for second-hand goods is growing quickly. 四、七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When I got my first job, I spent money as fast as I earned it. 1________ By the end of each month, my account was empty and I had no idea where the money had gone. Then my aunt gave me a simple notebook. 2________ She asked me to write down everything I spent, even a bottle of water. The first month was a shock. 3________ I had spent a surprising amount on small things I could not even remember buying. The notebook did not tell me to stop spending. 4________ It simply made me see my own choices clearly, and seeing them changed them. Two years later, I had saved enough for a trip abroad. 5________ It was not the notebook that saved the money. It was the habit of paying attention. A. I thought it was a silly idea at first. B. I did not see anything wrong with that. C. I could see exactly where every coin went. D. She did not give me any other advice. E. That trip was the first one I had ever paid for myself. F. I decided to borrow money from the bank. G. The notebook was very expensive. 五、阅读理解 （一） In many cities, a strange thing happens at closing time. Supermarkets throw away food that is still perfectly good to eat, simply because it has passed its display date. In one European country alone, this adds up to millions of tonnes every year. A young entrepreneur named Clara decided to do something about it. She built an app that lets shops sell their unsold food at a low price, an hour before closing. Customers see what is available near them, pay through the app and collect it in person. The idea seemed simple, but the first version failed. Shops did not want customers to know how much food they wasted. Customers did not want to travel across the city for a cheap meal. Clara changed the design so that only food within walking distance was shown. That change made all the difference. Within two years the app was used in twelve cities. Shops recovered some of their costs, customers ate well for less, and thousands of tonnes of food were saved from the bin. Clara is careful not to oversell the idea. “An app cannot fix a wasteful system,” she says. “But it can make waste visible. Once people see it, they start to ask why it happens at all.” 1.What happens at closing time in many cities? A. Shops open for a second time. B. Supermarkets throw away good food. C. Customers buy food at full price. D. Food is given to the government. 2.What does Clara's app allow shops to do? A. Increase the price of fresh food. B. Keep food for another week. C. Sell unsold food cheaply before closing. D. Close earlier than before. 3.Why did the first version fail? A. The app was too expensive to build. B. There was no food to sell. C. Shops and customers had good reasons not to use it. D. The government banned it. 4.What change made the app succeed? A. Lowering the price even further. B. Adding more cities at once. C. Hiring more staff. D. Showing only food within walking distance. 5.What does Clara say an app cannot do? A. Fix a wasteful system by itself. B. Make waste visible. C. Help shops recover costs. D. Show customers what is nearby. （二） The word “economics” sounds difficult, but most of it is about ordinary choices. Every time you decide whether to buy a snack or save the money, you are making an economic decision. One basic idea is called opportunity cost. It means the value of what you give up when you choose something else. If you spend an hour watching videos instead of studying, the hour of study is the opportunity cost. It does not appear on any bill, but it is real. Another idea is called marginal thinking. It asks a simple question: what do I gain from one more unit? Eating one ice cream may be wonderful. Eating the fifth may make you feel ill. The same rule applies to almost everything, from how long to study to how many hours to work. These ideas are not only for business people. A student choosing which subject to focus on, a family deciding whether to buy a car, a town planning a new road: all of them are using economics, whether they know the name or not. The value of studying economics, then, is not that it gives you the answers. It gives you a clearer way of asking the question. And a clearer question, as any good thinker knows, is already half the answer. 6.What does the writer say economics is mostly about? A. Ordinary choices people make. B. Large companies only. C. Government policies only. D. Difficult mathematics. 7.What is opportunity cost? A. The price written on a bill. B. The value of what you give up when you choose something. C. The money you save each month. D. The cost of running a business. 8.What example is given of marginal thinking? A. Saving money in a bank. B. Buying a car for a family. C. Planning a new road. D. Eating one ice cream versus the fifth. 9.Who uses economics according to the text? A. Only business people. B. Almost everyone, knowingly or not. C. Only university students. D. Only town planners. 10.What is the value of studying economics? A. It gives a clearer way of asking questions. B. It guarantees you will make money. C. It answers every question for you. D. It is only useful for exams. 习题答案解析 一、单词拼写 1. “需求”，demand 作不可数名词，supply and demand 意为“供需”，故填 demand。 2. “预算”，a budget 意为“一份预算”，故填 budget。 3. “增加”，aims to do sth. 结构中用动词原形，increase 意为“增加”，故填 increase。 4. “节省”，must 后接动词原形，save 意为“节省”，故填 save。 5. “市场”，The market for 意为“……的市场”，故填 market。 6. “薪水”，a good salary 意为“一份不错的薪水”，故填 salary。 7. “购买力”，people's 后接名词，purchasing power 意为“购买力”，故填 purchasing。 8. “投资”，It is wise to do sth. 结构中用动词原形，invest 意为“投资”，故填 invest。 9. “折扣”，a discount 意为“折扣”，故填 discount。 10. “管理”，Careful 后接名词，management 意为“管理”，故填 management。 二、词性转化 1. “需求”，the 后接名词，故填 demand。 2. “管理”，Good 后接名词，故填 management。 3. “增加”，hope to do sth. 结构中用动词原形，故填 increase。 4. “储蓄”，should 后用动词原形，故填 save。 5. “投资”，the 后接名词，invest 的名词形式为 investment，故填 investment。 6. “收入”，谓语 are 为复数，earn 的名词形式为 earnings，故填 earnings。 7. “需求”，supply 与 demand 并列，故填 demand。 8. “经济的”，more 后接形容词，economics 的形容词形式为 economical，故填 economical。 9. “折扣”，a big 后接单数名词，故填 discount。 10. “预算”，Careful 后接名词作主语，故填 budgeting。 三、选词填空 1. “预算”，your 后接名词，budget 意为“预算”，故填 budget。 2. “储蓄”，It is a good habit to do sth. 结构中用动词原形，save 意为“储蓄”，故填 save。 3. “投资”，主语 People 为复数，用动词原形，invest 意为“投资”，故填 invest。 4. “需求”，The 后接名词作主语，demand 意为“需求”，故填 demand。 5. “管理”，情态动词 must 后用动词原形，manage 意为“管理”，故填 manage。 6. “利润”，a large 后接名词，profit 意为“利润”，故填 profit。 7. “折扣”，the 后接名词，discount 意为“折扣”，故填 discount。 8. “市场”，The 后接名词作主语，market 意为“市场”，故填 market。 四、七选五 1. B：下文说每到月底账户就空了，B 项“我当时并不觉得这有什么问题”承接“赚多少花多少”，故选 B。 2. A：下文说她让我记下每一笔花费，A 项“我起初觉得这主意很傻”承接“给我一个笔记本”，故选 A。 3. C：下文说我在小东西上花了很多钱，C 项“我能确切看到每一分钱去了哪里”承接“震惊”，故选 C。 4. D：下文说它只是让我清楚看见自己的选择，D 项“她没有给我别的建议”衔接，故选 D。 5. E：下文说不是笔记本省下了钱，而是留意的习惯，E 项“那是我第一次自己付钱去旅行”承接“攒够了钱”，故选 E。 五、阅读理解 1. B：第一段说超市把仍然完好的食物扔掉，故选 B。 2. C：第二段说她的应用程序让商店在打烊前一小时低价出售未售出食物，故选 C。 3. C：第三段说商店不愿让顾客知道自己浪费了多少，顾客不愿为便宜的一餐穿越全城，故选 C。 4. D：第四段说只显示步行距离内的食物，这一改动带来了所有改变，故选 D。 5. A：末段说应用程序无法单独修复一个浪费的体系，故选 A。 6. A：第一段说经济学大部分讲的是日常选择，故选 A。 7. B：第二段说机会成本是你选择某物时放弃之物的价值，故选 B。 8. D：第三段以吃一个冰淇淋和吃第五个作对比，故选 D。 9. B：第四段说学生、家庭、城镇都在用经济学，无论他们是否知道这个名字，故选 B。 10. A：末段说学经济学的价值在于它给你更清晰的提问方式，故选 A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $