Unit 2 Let's Talk Teens（知识清单）英语译林版必修第一册

Unit 2 Let's Talk Teens 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1.place the bird in the 把鸟放进鸟窝里 2.parent－child 亲子关系紧张 3.unemployment 失业率 4.aim at the 瞄准目标 5.make a draft 打草稿 6. income 稳定的收入 7.in a small 在一个小公寓里 8.with her hands in her 双手放在腿上 9.go to for shopping 去市中心购物 10.carry supplies for refugees为难民运送应急物资 二、写作词汇： 1. (在某事上)与某人看法一致 2. 快速长高，蹿个儿 3. 平静，镇静，安静 4. 从某人的角度、观点出发 5. 充分考虑，全盘考虑，想透 6. 依靠 7. (使)变得高兴，振奋起来 8. 逐一数出 9. 从……毕业 10. 浏览，翻阅 三、词汇变形： 1. potential n. 潜力；可能性 adj. 潜在的，可能的→ adv. 潜在地，可能地 2. challenge n. & vt. 挑战；质疑→ adj.有挑战性的 3. advance n. 进步，进展；前进 vt. & vi. 发展，进步→ adj. 先进的；高级的 4. amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的→ adj. 惊讶的→ vt. 使惊讶→ n. 惊讶 5. confidence n. 信心，信任；把握→ adj. 自信的 6. equal adj. 平等的；相当的 n. 同等的人(物)v. 与……相等 vt. 比得上→ n. 平等；相等→ adv. 同样地；相等地；公平地 7. balance vt.同等重视；(使)保持平衡；权衡重要性 n. 均衡，平衡；平衡能力→ adj.平衡的；均衡的 8. improve vt. & vi. 改进，改善→ n. 改进 9. responsible adj. 有责任，负责；可靠的→ n. 责任 10. independent adj. 自主的，有主见的；自立的→ n. 独立 11. detail n. 细节；具体情况→ adj. 详细的 12. base vt. 以……为基础(依据) n. 根据；基础；基底；总部→ n. 基础；原因；基准→ adj. 基础的 13. proposal n. 提议，建议，动议→ vt. 提议 14. professional adj. 职业的，专业的 n. 专门人员，专业人士→ n. 职业，专业→ n. 教授，讲师 15. alarm n. 闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 vt. 使惊恐，使害怕→ adj. 惊恐的→ adj. 使人惊恐的 16. contribution n. 贡献；捐款；捐赠→ vt. & vi. 捐献；贡献→ n. 捐献者；投稿人 17. fortunately adv. 幸运地，幸亏→ adj. 幸运的→ n. 运气；命运 18. option n. 可选择的事物，选择；选修课→ adj. 可选择的 19. attract vt. 吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应)→ adj. 吸引人的→ n. 有吸引力的事物 20. argument n. 争吵，争论；论点→ vi. 争吵，争辩，争论 vt. 说理，论证 21. tension n. 紧张关系；紧张；拉伸→ adj. 紧张的 22. anxious adj. 忧虑的，担心的；渴望的→ adv. 焦急地→ n. 担心；焦虑；渴望 23. concern n. 担心，忧虑；关心 vt. 涉及；让(某人)担忧→ adj. 担心的，忧虑的；关注的，关切的→ prep. 关于；涉及 24. normal adj. 正常的，一般的 n. 常态，通常标准→ adv. 通常；正常地→abnormal adj. 不正常的，异常的；畸形的 25. stress n. 精神压力，紧张vt. 强调，着重→ adj. 焦虑不安的→ adj. 产生压力的；紧张的 26. performance n. 表现；表演；执行，履行→ vt. & vi. 表演；表现→ n. 表演者；演员 27.press vt. & vi. 催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推 n. 报章杂志，报刊； 新闻工作者，新闻界→ n. 心理压力，紧张；压力；要求，催促 28. eager adj. 热切的，渴望的，渴求的→ adv. 渴望地→ n. 渴望 29. secure adj. 安心的；可靠的；牢固的vt. 获得，得到；保卫→ n. 安全 30. volunteer vi. & vt. 自愿做，义务做 n. 志愿者→ adj. 志愿的 四、拓展词汇 1. adj. 艰难的；粗糙的；不确切的 2. adj. 灵活的，可变动的；柔韧的 3. n. 论坛，讨论会；公共集会场所 4. n. 袋鼠 5. n. 食品杂货；食品杂货店 6. n. 烟斗；管子；管乐器 7. n. (关系)破裂；故障 8. adj. 独一无二的；独特的；独具的，特有的 9. adj. 消极的，被动的 10. n. 冒险，冒险经历，奇遇 11. n. 突发事件，紧急情况 12. 缠磨，烦扰 13. 充分利用，尽情享受 14. 由于 15. 随着时间流逝，久而久之 五、熟词生义 1. One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land. 2. Summers in the mid-70s were spent at home shooting baskets，hitting a baseball，or throwing a football，preparing for my future as a quarterback on a football team. 3. This article gives an account of the three records based on the Dunhuang documents. 4. He denied that he had given away the news to the press 5. Looking at the flat tire，he was annoyed and didn’t know what to do next.a 写作 句型 1.it作形式主语 your developing mental needs too. 平衡你不断发展的心理需求也是一个很头疼的问题。 2.although 引导让步状语从句 , you can take action to improve the situation. 虽然有时一家人似乎不可能和睦相处, 但你可以采取行动来改善这种情况。 3.that 引导表语从句 The good news is . 好消息就是这场风暴不会持续太久。 4. Whatever 引导状语从句 , we always knew we still had the Bank to depend upon. 无论发生什么, 我们都知道我们还有“银行”可以依靠。 语法 简单句 1. SV句式: 主语+谓语(不及物动词) 2. SVA句式: 主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语 3. SVO句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 4. SVOA句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+状语 5. SVOO句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 6. SVOC句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 7. SVP句式: 主语+连系动词+表语 并列句 1.表示连接, 常用的有and、not only. . . but also、neither. . . nor等。 2.表示转折, 常用的有but、yet、still、however、while等。 3.表示选择, 常用的有or、or else、otherwise、either. . . or等。 4.表示原因, 常用for。 5.表示结果, 常用的有so、therefore。 复合句 1.连词 (1)从属连词: that(无词义), before(在……之前), whether(是否), after(在……之后), if(假如; 是否), since(既然; 自从), because(因为), as/so long as(只要), when(当……的时候), so that(以便) (2)连接代词: who, which, whom, what, whose等。 (3)连接副词: when, why, where, how (4)关系代词: who, which, whom, that, whose (5)关系副词: when, why, where 2.从句 (1) 名词性从句 (2) 定语从句 状语从句 写作 本单元的话题是“青少年的身心健康”，写作一般是给青春期的青少年一些建议。 一、知识点精讲 1. argument n. 争吵，争论；论点 Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents.激烈的争论和冰冷的沉默在青少年和他们的父母之间很常见。 【固定搭配】 1) beyond argument 无可争辩 2)argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人争论某事 argue for/against(doing) sth. 据理支持/反对(做)某事 argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 argue that...提出理由说明；主张…… 2. anxious adj. 忧虑的, 担心的; 令人焦虑的; 渴望的 You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind. 你可能会感到焦虑, 因为你的发育速度与你的朋友不同, 你可能会身高飙升, 或者被远远甩在后面。 【固定搭配】 1)be anxious be anxious to do/that...渴望(做)…… be anxious that…(谓语动词用should+动词原形) 2)with anxiety＝anxiously 焦虑地；不安地 3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地 4)anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望 【同义句转换】 We waited with anxiety for the news of her safe arrival. →We waited anxiously(anxious) for the news of her safe arrival. 3. spot n. 粉刺; 斑点; 污渍; 地点, 场所; 排名位置 vt. 发现, 认出 You might worry about your changing voice, weight problems or spots. 你可能会担心你的声音变化, 体重问题或斑点。 【固定搭配】 1)on the spot 　　　　当场; 在现场; 立即 2)spot sb. doing sth. 　 发现某人正在做某事 3)spotted adj. 有斑点的 be spotted with. . . 满是……的斑点; 点缀着 【易错提醒】 spot作先行词，表示"地点，场所"时，若后面定语从句中的关系词在句中作地点状语，则关系词应用where。 4.desire n. & vt. 渴望, 希望 You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents’ love and support. 你既对独立充满新的渴望, 又对父母的爱与支持抱有不断的需求。 【固定搭配】 1)have a desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物 2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事 desire that...(should) do...渴望…… 【同义句转换】 Each student in our class desires to go to a famous university. →Each student in our class has a strong desire to go to a famous university. 5. struggle vi. & n. 奋斗; 斗争; 搏斗 On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient—sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride. 另一方面, 当你努力控制自己的情感时, 你希望他们能更加体贴, 更有耐心——有时候他们忘记了成长是一个艰难的过程。 【固定搭配】 1)struggle with/against sb. /sth. 与某人/某物斗争 struggle for sth. 为某事奋斗 struggle to do sth. 挣扎着做某事 struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来 2)a struggle for/with/against. . . 与……的斗争 be a struggle(for sb. )(对某人而言)是困难(费劲)的事 6. view n. 看法; 景色; 视线 vt. 观看; 把……视为 When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view. 【固定搭配】 1)from one’s point of view = in one’s view 从某人的角度、观点出发 come into view　　　看得见; 进入视野 have a good view of 清楚地看到; 饱览 point of view 观点 in view of 鉴于, 考虑到 in view 在视野之内 2)view. . . as. . . 把……看作…… 二、核心语法精讲 简单句的句型结构 (1)主谓结构(SV) 在此句式中, V是不及物动词(vi. )。 (2)主系表结构(SVP) 在此句式中, V是系动词(link v. ), 常见的系动词有look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, fall, stand, become, turn等。 (3)主谓宾结构(SVO) 在此句式中, V是及物动词(vt. ), 后接宾语。 (4)主谓双宾结构(SVOO) 在此句式中, V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见带双宾语的动词有give, ask, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get, rob, warn等。①间接宾语可以紧接动词之后, 也可以用to后置。②间接宾语可以紧接动词之后, 也可以用for后置。 (5)主谓宾宾补结构(SVOC) 在此句式中, 常作宾语补足语的词汇有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 并列句 1.结构 并列句中的各个简单句通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号, 也可不用逗号(但however、therefore、otherwise等并列连词前后都常有逗号)。常见的并列句结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。 2. 并列连词 并列连词(或连接副词)根据不同含义, 分为如下几类: (1)表示连接, 常用的有and、not only. . . but also、neither. . . nor等。 (2)表示转折, 常用的有but、yet、still、however、while等。 (3)表示选择, 常用的有or、or else、otherwise、either. . . or等。 (4)表示原因, 常用for。 (5)表示结果, 常用的有so、therefore。 主从复合句 1. 结构 从句不能独立成为一个句子, 虽然它也有主语部分和谓语部分。从句通常由关联词引导, 并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句的结构通常是关联词+主语+谓语。 2. 连词 (1)从属连词: that(无词义), before(在……之前), whether(是否), after(在……之后), if(假如; 是否), since(既然; 自从), because(因为), as/so long as(只要), when(当……的时候), so that(以便) (2)连接代词: who, which, whom, what, whose等。 (3)连接副词: when, why, where, how (4)关系代词: who, which, whom, that, whose (5)关系副词: when, why, where 3. 从句的作用和种类 从句在复合句中, 可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等, 因此, 可分为六类: 即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元的写作任务主要就青少年生活、心理健康等问题提出建议，即建议信。 2. 写作框架 建议信是写信人向收信人就某事提出的建议或忠告的一种文体。第一段：表明写作意图，陈述事由。第二段：首先肯定对方的优点，然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠告。第三段：对提出的建议进行总结，展望建议被采纳后的良好结果并表达希望。 3. 写作素材 1. 话题词汇 (1)受……困扰 be troubled by/be upset by (2)因为某事和某人争吵 argue with sb. over sth. (3)发脾气lose temper (4)经历 go through (5)身心变化 physical and mental change (6)和某人交流 have a communication with sb. (7)解决某人的担忧 address one’s concern (8)让某人自己平静下来 calm oneself down 2. 话题句式 (1) 建议信开头常用句式 ①I am sorry to know that you are worried about the coming exam. 了解到你对即将到来的考试很担心我很难过。 ②I’m glad that you are getting along well with your study. 我很高兴你的学业进展顺利。 ③You asked me in your letter how to get along with your deskmate. 你在信中问我如何与你的同桌相处。 (2)表达建议常用句式 ①You don’t have to worry about it. 你不必为此事担心。 ②First of all, try to invite some of your good friends to take part in after-class activities. 首先, 尽量邀请你的一些好朋友参加课外活动。 ③What’s more, help others when they’re in trouble. 另外, 当别人有困难时帮助他们。 ④In my opinion, you should try to calm down and find a chance to talk with her. 依我看来, 你应该试着冷静下来, 找机会与她谈谈。 (3)建议信结尾常用句式 ①I hope these suggestions will help you. 我希望这些建议对你有所帮助。 ②I’m sure everything will turn out all right. 我确信一切都会好的。 ③I hope everything goes well with you. 我希望你万事如意。 4. 范文背诵 Dear Lucy, I quite understand that you are troubled by arguing with your parents over your studies. Actually, it is quite normal for you to lose temper since you may go through some physical and mental changes. Why not try these pieces of advice and see if they help? First, have an honest communication with your parents, figure out their worries and share your thoughts in order to address their concerns. Secondly, try to calm yourself down and understand the situation from their point of view. I believe this stormy period will not last. Everything will turn out all right in the end. Yours, Li Hua 易错点01 简单句基本句型辨析（SVO / SVOO / SVOC） 【错因辨析】 本单元核心语法是简单句的基本句型，学生容易混淆以下几种： 1. SVO（主谓宾）：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 I love my parents. 2. SVOO（主谓双宾）：主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 My father bought me a new bike. 间接宾语可以转换为 to 或 for 引导的介词短语： give, send, show, tell, lend, offer, pay 等 + sth. + to sb. buy, get, make, cook 等 + sth. + for sb. 3. SVOC（主谓宾宾补）：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 The news made us happy. We found the story interesting. 【易错提醒】 SVOO 中，间接宾语通常指人，直接宾语通常指物。 SVOC 中，宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语，常见形式有形容词、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。 注意区分 SVOO 与 SVOC：如果去掉后面的成分，SVO 仍然完整，说明是 SVOO；如果去掉后意思不完整，说明是 SVOC。 【对点训练】 判断下列句子属于哪种基本句型（SVO / SVOO / SVOC）。 1.The teacher gave us some advice. ________ 2.The good news made everyone excited. ________ 3.She reads English every morning. ________ 4.My mother bought me a birthday cake. ________ 5.We saw him crossing the street. ________ 易错点02 状语从句与 that 引导的表语从句辨析 【错因辨析】 1. although 引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，不能与 but 连用。 Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family, you can take action to improve the situation. 误：Although it was late, but he still worked. 正：Although it was late, he still worked. 2. that 引导表语从句，位于系动词之后，说明主语的内容。 The good news is that this stormy period will not last. 此处 that 不能省略。 3. whatever 引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”，相当于 no matter what。 Whatever happened, we always knew we still had the Bank to depend upon. 【易错提醒】 although / though 与 but 不能同时出现在一个句子中。 that 引导表语从句时，that 只起连接作用，无实际意义，但不能省略。 whatever 引导让步状语从句时，不能与 no matter what 同时使用。 注意区分 that 引导的表语从句与 that 引导的定语从句：表语从句位于系动词后，定语从句位于名词后。 【对点训练】 1. ________ he is young, he knows a lot about the world. A. Although　B. But　C. However　D. Because 2. The truth is ________ he has never been abroad. A. which　B. what　C. that　D. where 3. ________ you do, you must be careful. A. Whatever　B. However　C. Whenever　D. Wherever 易错点03 it 作形式主语的用法 【错因辨析】 1. it 作形式主语时，真正的主语是后面的不定式、动名词或从句。 It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too. 真正主语：to balance your developing mental needs It is important that we should learn to communicate with our parents. 常见句型： 2. It is + adj. + (for sb.) + to do sth. It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. It is + n. + to do sth. It is + adj. + that 从句 【易错提醒】 1. it 作形式主语时，不能换成 this 或 that。 2. for sb. 与 of sb. 的区别：for sb. 用于描述事情的性质：It is important for us to learn English. of sb. 用于描述人的品质：It is kind of you to help me. 3. 真正主语是不定式时，谓语动词用单数 is / was。 4. that 引导主语从句时，that 不能省略。 【对点训练】 1. ________ is necessary for us to protect the environment. A. This　B. That　C. It　D. He 2. It is important ________ us to learn from each other. A. of　B. for　C. to　D. with 一、默写重点单词 1. ___________ n. 速度；率 vi. & vt. 评价，评估 2. ___________ n. & vt. & vi. 争论；战斗，搏斗；斗争 3. ___________ n. & vt. 渴望，希望 4. ___________ vi. & n. 奋斗；斗争；搏斗 5. ___________ adj. 可能的，预料的，有希望的 6. ___________ adj. 独一无二的；独特的；独具的，特有的 7. ___________n. 账户；描述；解释 vt. 认为是，视为 8. ___________ n. 手术；运转，操作 9. ___________ n. (戏剧等)场；场面，片段；地点，现场；景象，风光 10. ___________ n. 公寓 adj. 平坦的；瘪了的 二、词汇运用 1. The ___________ (志愿者) group was quickly reduced in size near the end of the task, disappearing entirely within a couple of months. 2. Even to this day, Chairman Mao is regarded as one of the most inspiring ___________ (人物) in the world. 3. He was determined to give his family a ___________ (安全的) and solid base. 4. Chiung Yao’s vivid and often amusing ___________ (描述) of romance quickly became popular, and won her fame. 5. Regular exercise is good for both physical and ___________ (精神的) health. 6. The reason why he had an ___________ (争论) with his wife was that their money was running out. 7. There were emotional ___________ (场面) as the refugees enjoyed their first breath of freedom. 8. Some of us were ___________ (渴望的) to take part in the class activities. 9. The Chinese migrants used to ___________ (聚集) in a park to enjoy cultural activities — one of which was kung fu. 10. ___________ (以……为目标) a gold medal, he practised day in and day out. 三、重点句型 1. 与他们相处融洽是我个人发展中重要的一部分。 ______________________ them is an important part of my personal development.   2. 我回家时发现他正在看电视上的春晚节目。 I ______________________ when I got home.   3. 在我看来, 我更喜欢长江之旅, 长江是中国最长的河流, 也是中华文明的母亲河之一。 ______________________, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River, the longest river in China and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.   4. 他们认为这将帮助外国人更好地融入社会, 促进不同文化之间的相互理解。 They ______________________ this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.   5. 年轻人掌握两门外语是必要的。 ______________________ two foreign languages.   6. 此外, 受欢迎程度高的青少年是那些尊重、关心和同情他人的人。 In addition, teenagers with high popularity are those who______________________ 7. 我和她都支持这个决定。 ______________________ favor of this decision. 8. 如果您能考虑我的申请, 我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if you could______________________ . 9. 他生活在盲人得不到很多教育的时代。 He lived ______________________ the blind couldn’t get much education.   10. 我来到现场时, 一切都已结束。  By the time I arrived ______________________, it was all over. 四、语法填空 As is 1 (know) to all, a positive parent-child relationship is good for the physical and mental 2 (grow) of children, but keeping a healthy parent-child bond needs the efforts of both 3 (party). Parents should take the responsibility 4 (improve) their relationship with the children. What matters is spending quality time with their children, however tight their schedule 5 (be). For instance, they can eat meals together, go to sporting events together 6 watch their children’s favorite TV shows together, 7 can contribute greatly to 8 (make) their children feel safe and loved. Children, on the other hand, should let their parents know they appreciate what their parents 9 (do) for them. If possible, they can give their parents a gift on a special day or help with housework 10 a regular basis. No healthy parent-child relationship is without conflict. But as long as parents and children make a joint effort, they can settle the conflict and enjoy their time together. 五、阅读理解 A One of the most beautiful signs of summer here in the mountains of my home isn’t the flowers, or the trees or the early morning sunrises. It is instead the return of the work camps. These are week-long trips that voluntary groups make into our area to help people to make home repairs that they couldn’t afford to do themselves. They are mostly kind-hearted teenagers giving up part of their summer vacation. They are always supervised (指导), though, by experienced builders who know what they are doing. It always brings a smile to my face and a joy to my heart to see them out there in the hot summer sun working to help those who need it most, with their only pay being the love in their hearts. I remember watching one group building a new set of steps for a front porch (门廊) one year. It was 5 teenagers being supervised by one adult. What got me the most was listening to him encouraging them. I lost count of how many times he said, “Good job” or “Doing good” to them. There was one girl, however, who obviously had never held a hammer (锤子) before. She bent 3 nails in a row working on one board. Finally the man knelt down beside her and instead of criticizing her, gave her a ten-minute tutorial on how to hammer a nail. When he was done, she tried again with a weak smile on her face and drove the nail in like an expert carpenter. The man looked down at her work and said, “Doing good!” once again. Yes! They truly are doing good in this world. For every act of kindness there are a million kind acts. And I see those acts of kindness, those acts of goodness, and those acts of love every time I see one of these work camps helping those in need. May we all learn from their example. 1．Why do work camps come to the mountains annually? A．To seek for volunteers. B．To enjoy summer scenery. C．To do some maintenance work. D．To train teenagers to construct. 2．What is the role of the experienced builders? A．Inspiring the teenagers. B．Guiding teenagers’ work. C．Monitoring the teenagers. D．Giving praises to the teenagers. 3．What can we know about the girl? A．She was impatient. B．She was a slow learner. C．She always made mistakes. D．She was a green hand. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Doing Good and Being Kind B．Enjoying the Summer Scenery C．Witnessing Summer Camps D．Discovering Teenager Builders B Everyone has “down days”. Maybe it’s because of the bad weather, or the poor grade on a difficult test, and some days teenagers just act uninterested in life or school. But these symptoms (症状) often pass quickly, as teens move on to new school subjects, or meet friends, preventing themselves from thinking what troubles them at the moment. But if a teenager displays symptoms of sadness for more than two weeks, it might point to something serious. As teenagers develop, they push new boundaries (边界), complain (抱怨) about rules and look for more free rights from their parents. According to the online Health Guide on adolescent Development, parents must be lasting figures (人物) in their teenagers’ life, providing safe boundaries (边界) for teens to grow, even if the teenagers act like these boundaries are unwanted. Parents need to provide rules, while also remaining flexible (灵活的) and respectful of the growing teens’ need for freedom. For example, teenagers will often feel frustrated, embarrassed, and even angry that though they want freedom, they still need to ask their parents for agreement to go to a friend’s house, or need their parents to take them to school. The US Department of Education says that parents should respect and support their teens’ choices as long as those choices won’t have long-term harmful effects. For example, even if a parent doesn’t prefer the music his or her teen listens to, it’s unlikely that the choice of music will prevent that teen from entering a good college, or lead to health problems. However, if that teen is lying, parents must get through strict punishments to teach him or her that there are bad results of poor choices that come with increased freedom. 1．What may show a teenager’s sadness is serious? A．It is caused by a poor test grade. B．It lasts more than two weeks. C．It makes them uninterested in school. D．It goes away after meeting friends. 2．The underlined word “lasting” in the second paragraph probably means ________. A．Temporary (暂时的) B．strict C．hidden (隐藏的) D．stable (稳定的) 3．Why do teenagers often feel frustrated? A．They have to take too many difficult tests at school. B．Their parents don’t allow them to listen to music. C．They want freedom but still need parents’ help or agreement. D．They can’t get into their dream colleges easily. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Causes of Teens’ Sadness. B．How to Be with Growing Teens. C．The Importance of Making Friends with Teens. D．Teens’ Worries About Strict Rules. 六、完形填空 Last year, I joined a summer camp focusing on Guizhou’s karst ecology. Our teacher, Mr. Li, a local ecologist, 1 us to a former rocky desert — once a “lifeless place” but now green again. As we walked, Mr. Li pointed to the 2 hills. “Years ago, rain washed soil away, leaving only rocks,” he said. “Many villagers had to move out to 3 .” We fell silent, imagining the barren land. Suddenly, a group of goats appeared, eating grass on the hillside. A classmate 4 , “Won’t they destroy the plants?” Mr. Li smiled and explained: “These are special goats. Local farmers raise them 5 — not too many, so grass can regrow. It’s a way to balance ecology and 6 . We then visited a 7 by the stream. Workers there were growing walnut trees and peppers. “These plants have strong roots to hold soil,” Mr. Li told us. “They’re called the ‘green bank’ for villagers, 8 both food and income.” Later, we saw workers setting up fences. They were 9 the area to protect rare birds that had returned. A boy found a bird’s nest in a tree, and we all watched it 10 not to disturb the eggs inside. On the last day, we planted saplings on a dry slope. My hands hurt after digging in the rocky soil, but I felt 11 . Mr. Li said, “Small actions 12 over time. This is how we turn deserts back to forests.” Leaving the camp, I looked back at the green hills. I used to think nature’s recovery was 13 , but now I know it’s possible with science and effort. Guizhou’s 14 from rocky desert to lush land tells us: humans and nature can 15 in harmony. 1．A．followed B．led C．forced D．pushed 2．A．green B．bare C．high D．steep 3．A．survive B．play C．research D．travel 4．A．apologized B．reminded C．asked D．argued 5．A．freely B．secretly C．carefully D．randomly 6．A．education B．economy C．technology D．medicine 7．A．farm B．school C．hospital D．museum 8．A．wasting B．storing C．providing D．exchanging 9．A．repairing B．protecting C．describing D．measuring 10．A．quietly B．excitedly C．carelessly D．anxiously 11．A．proud B．bored C．nervous D．painful 12．A．pass B．change C．add D．disappear 13．A．necessary B．impossible C．easy D．urgent 14．A．journey B．dream C．challenge D．promise 15．A．grow B．work C．meet D．live 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Let's Talk Teens 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1.place the bird in the nest 把鸟放进鸟窝里 2.parent－child tensions 亲子关系紧张 3.unemployment rate 失业率 4.aim at the target 瞄准目标 5.make a rough draft 打草稿 6.secure income 稳定的收入 7.in a small flat 在一个小公寓里 8.with her hands in her lap 双手放在腿上 9.go to downtown for shopping 去市中心购物 10.carry emergency supplies for refugees为难民运送应急物资 二、写作词汇： 1. see eye to eye with sb(on sth )(在某事上)与某人看法一致 2. shoot up快速长高，蹿个儿 3. calm down平静，镇静，安静 4. from one’s point of view从某人的角度、观点出发 5. think sth through充分考虑，全盘考虑，想透 6. depend on/upon依靠 7. cheer up(使)变得高兴，振奋起来 8. count out逐一数出 9. graduate from从……毕业 10. look through浏览，翻阅 三、词汇变形： 1. potential n. 潜力；可能性 adj. 潜在的，可能的→potentially adv. 潜在地，可能地 2. challenge n. & vt. 挑战；质疑→challenging adj.有挑战性的 3. advance n. 进步，进展；前进 vt. & vi. 发展，进步→advanced adj. 先进的；高级的 4. amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的→amazed adj. 惊讶的→amaze vt. 使惊讶→amazement n. 惊讶 5. confidence n. 信心，信任；把握→confident adj. 自信的 6. equal adj. 相等的；平等的；相当的 n. 同等的人(物) linking v. 与……相等 vt. 比得上→equality n. 平等；相等→equally adv. 同样地；相等地；公平地 7. balance vt.同等重视；(使)保持平衡；权衡重要性 n. 均衡，平衡；平衡能力→balanced adj.平衡的；均衡的 8. improve vt. & vi. 改进，改善→improvement n. 改进 9. responsible adj. 有责任，负责；可靠的→responsibility n. 责任 10. independent adj. 自主的，有主见的；自立的→independence n. 独立 11. detail n. 细节；具体情况→detailed adj. 详细的 12. base vt. 以……为基础(依据) n. 根据；基础；基底；总部→basis n. 基础；原因；基准→basic adj. 基础的 13. proposal n. 提议，建议，动议→propose vt. 提议 14. professional adj. 职业的，专业的 n. 专门人员，专业人士→profession n. 职业，专业→professor n. 教授，讲师 15. alarm n. 闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 vt. 使惊恐，使害怕→alarmed adj. 惊恐的→alarming adj. 使人惊恐的 16. contribution n. 贡献；捐款；捐赠→contribute vt. & vi. 捐献；贡献→contributor n. 捐献者；投稿人 17. fortunately adv. 幸运地，幸亏→fortunate adj. 幸运的→fortune n. 运气；命运 18. option n. 可选择的事物，选择；选修课→optional adj. 可选择的 19. attract vt. 吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应)→attractive adj. 吸引人的→attraction n. 有吸引力的事物 20. argument n. 争吵，争论；论点→argue vi. 争吵，争辩，争论 vt. 说理，论证 21. tension n. 紧张关系；紧张；拉伸→tense adj. 紧张的 22. anxious adj. 忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的→anxiously adv. 焦急地→anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望 23. concern n. 担心，忧虑；关心 vt. 涉及；让(某人)担忧→concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的；关注的，关切的→concerning prep. 关于；涉及 24. normal adj. 正常的，一般的 n. 常态，通常标准→normally adv. 通常；正常地→abnormal adj. 不正常的，异常的；畸形的 25. stress n. 精神压力，紧张；强调 vt. 强调，着重→stressed adj. 焦虑不安的→stressful adj. 产生压力的；紧张的 26. performance n. 表现；表演；执行，履行→perform vt. & vi. 表演；表现→performer n. 表演者；演员 27.press vt. & vi. 催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推 n. 报章杂志，报刊；(the press)新闻工作者，新闻界→pressure n. 心理压力，紧张；压力；要求，催促 28. eager adj. 热切的，渴望的，渴求的→eagerly adv. 渴望地→eagerness n. 渴望 29. secure adj. 安心的；可靠的；牢固的vt. 获得，得到；保卫→security n. 安全 30. volunteer vi. & vt. 自愿做，义务做 n. 志愿者→voluntary adj. 志愿的 四、拓展词汇 1. rough adj. 艰难的；粗糙的；不确切的 2. flexible adj. 灵活的，可变动的；柔韧的 3. forum n. 论坛，讨论会；公共集会场所 4. kangaroo n. 袋鼠 5. grocery n. 食品杂货；食品杂货店 6. pipe n. 烟斗；管子；管乐器 7. breakdown n. (关系)破裂；故障 8.unique adj. 独一无二的；独特的；独具的，特有的 9. passive adj. 消极的，被动的 10. adventure n. 冒险，冒险经历，奇遇 11.emergency n. 突发事件，紧急情况 12.be on sb.’s back about sth. 缠磨，烦扰 13. make the most of充分利用，尽情享受 14. as a result of由于 15.over time随着时间流逝，久而久之 五、熟词生义 1. One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land. v. 发现,认出 2. Summers in the mid-70s were spent at home shooting baskets，hitting a baseball，or throwing a football，preparing for my future as a quarterback on a football team. 射门，投篮 3. This article gives an account of the three records based on the Dunhuang documents.n. 叙述 4. He denied that he had given away the news to the press.n.新闻界 5. Looking at the flat tire，he was annoyed and didn’t know what to do next.adj. 瘪了的 写作 句型 1.it作形式主语 It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too. 平衡你不断发展的心理需求也是一个很头疼的问题。 2.although 引导让步状语从句 Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family, you can take action to improve the situation. 虽然有时一家人似乎不可能和睦相处, 但你可以采取行动来改善这种情况。 3.that 引导表语从句 The good news is that this stormy period will not last. 好消息就是这场风暴不会持续太久。 4. Whatever 引导状语从句 Whatever happened, we always knew we still had the Bank to depend upon. 无论发生什么, 我们都知道我们还有“银行”可以依靠。 语法 简单句 1. SV句式: 主语+谓语(不及物动词) 2. SVA句式: 主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语 3. SVO句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 4. SVOA句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+状语 5. SVOO句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 6. SVOC句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 7. SVP句式: 主语+连系动词+表语 并列句 1.表示连接, 常用的有and、not only. . . but also、neither. . . nor等。 2.表示转折, 常用的有but、yet、still、however、while等。 3.表示选择, 常用的有or、or else、otherwise、either. . . or等。 4.表示原因, 常用for。 5.表示结果, 常用的有so、therefore。 复合句 1.连词 (1)从属连词: that(无词义), before(在……之前), whether(是否), after(在……之后), if(假如; 是否), since(既然; 自从), because(因为), as/so long as(只要), when(当……的时候), so that(以便) (2)连接代词: who, which, whom, what, whose等。 (3)连接副词: when, why, where, how (4)关系代词: who, which, whom, that, whose (5)关系副词: when, why, where 2.从句 (1) 名词性从句 (2) 定语从句 状语从句 写作 本单元的话题是“青少年的身心健康”，写作一般是给青春期的青少年一些建议。 一、知识点精讲 1. argument n. 争吵，争论；论点 Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents.激烈的争论和冰冷的沉默在青少年和他们的父母之间很常见。 【固定搭配】 1) beyond argument 无可争辩 2)argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人争论某事 argue for/against(doing) sth. 据理支持/反对(做)某事 argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 argue that...提出理由说明；主张…… 2. anxious adj. 忧虑的, 担心的; 令人焦虑的; 渴望的 You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind. 你可能会感到焦虑, 因为你的发育速度与你的朋友不同, 你可能会身高飙升, 或者被远远甩在后面。 【固定搭配】 1)be anxious be anxious to do/that...渴望(做)…… be anxious that…(谓语动词用should+动词原形) 2)with anxiety＝anxiously 焦虑地；不安地 3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地 4)anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望 【同义句转换】 We waited with anxiety for the news of her safe arrival. →We waited anxiously(anxious) for the news of her safe arrival. 3. spot n. 粉刺; 斑点; 污渍; 地点, 场所; 排名位置 vt. 发现, 认出 You might worry about your changing voice, weight problems or spots. 你可能会担心你的声音变化, 体重问题或斑点。 【固定搭配】 1)on the spot 　　　　当场; 在现场; 立即 2)spot sb. doing sth. 　 发现某人正在做某事 3)spotted adj. 有斑点的 be spotted with. . . 满是……的斑点; 点缀着 【易错提醒】 spot作先行词，表示"地点，场所"时，若后面定语从句中的关系词在句中作地点状语，则关系词应用where。 4.desire n. & vt. 渴望, 希望 You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents’ love and support. 你既对独立充满新的渴望, 又对父母的爱与支持抱有不断的需求。 【固定搭配】 1)have a desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物 2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事 desire that...(should) do...渴望…… 【同义句转换】 Each student in our class desires to go to a famous university. →Each student in our class has a strong desire to go to a famous university. 5. struggle vi. & n. 奋斗; 斗争; 搏斗 On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient—sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride. 另一方面, 当你努力控制自己的情感时, 你希望他们能更加体贴, 更有耐心——有时候他们忘记了成长是一个艰难的过程。 【固定搭配】 1)struggle with/against sb. /sth. 与某人/某物斗争 struggle for sth. 为某事奋斗 struggle to do sth. 挣扎着做某事 struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来 2)a struggle for/with/against. . . 与……的斗争 be a struggle(for sb. )(对某人而言)是困难(费劲)的事 6. view n. 看法; 景色; 视线 vt. 观看; 把……视为 When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view. 【固定搭配】 1)from one’s point of view = in one’s view 从某人的角度、观点出发 come into view　　　看得见; 进入视野 have a good view of 清楚地看到; 饱览 point of view 观点 in view of 鉴于, 考虑到 in view 在视野之内 2)view. . . as. . . 把……看作…… 二、核心语法精讲 简单句的句型结构 (1)主谓结构(SV) 在此句式中, V是不及物动词(vi. )。 (2)主系表结构(SVP) 在此句式中, V是系动词(link v. ), 常见的系动词有look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, fall, stand, become, turn等。 (3)主谓宾结构(SVO) 在此句式中, V是及物动词(vt. ), 后接宾语。 (4)主谓双宾结构(SVOO) 在此句式中, V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见带双宾语的动词有give, ask, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get, rob, warn等。①间接宾语可以紧接动词之后, 也可以用to后置。②间接宾语可以紧接动词之后, 也可以用for后置。 (5)主谓宾宾补结构(SVOC) 在此句式中, 常作宾语补足语的词汇有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 并列句 1.结构 并列句中的各个简单句通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号, 也可不用逗号(但however、therefore、otherwise等并列连词前后都常有逗号)。常见的并列句结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。 2. 并列连词 并列连词(或连接副词)根据不同含义, 分为如下几类: (1)表示连接, 常用的有and、not only. . . but also、neither. . . nor等。 (2)表示转折, 常用的有but、yet、still、however、while等。 (3)表示选择, 常用的有or、or else、otherwise、either. . . or等。 (4)表示原因, 常用for。 (5)表示结果, 常用的有so、therefore。 主从复合句 1. 结构 从句不能独立成为一个句子, 虽然它也有主语部分和谓语部分。从句通常由关联词引导, 并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句的结构通常是关联词+主语+谓语。 2. 连词 (1)从属连词: that(无词义), before(在……之前), whether(是否), after(在……之后), if(假如; 是否), since(既然; 自从), because(因为), as/so long as(只要), when(当……的时候), so that(以便) (2)连接代词: who, which, whom, what, whose等。 (3)连接副词: when, why, where, how (4)关系代词: who, which, whom, that, whose (5)关系副词: when, why, where 3. 从句的作用和种类 从句在复合句中, 可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等, 因此, 可分为六类: 即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元的写作任务主要就青少年生活、心理健康等问题提出建议，即建议信。 2. 写作框架 建议信是写信人向收信人就某事提出的建议或忠告的一种文体。第一段：表明写作意图，陈述事由。第二段：首先肯定对方的优点，然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠告。第三段：对提出的建议进行总结，展望建议被采纳后的良好结果并表达希望。 3. 写作素材 1. 话题词汇 (1)受……困扰 be troubled by/be upset by (2)因为某事和某人争吵 argue with sb. over sth. (3)发脾气lose temper (4)经历 go through (5)身心变化 physical and mental change (6)和某人交流 have a communication with sb. (7)解决某人的担忧 address one’s concern (8)让某人自己平静下来 calm oneself down 2. 话题句式 (1) 建议信开头常用句式 ①I am sorry to know that you are worried about the coming exam. 了解到你对即将到来的考试很担心我很难过。 ②I’m glad that you are getting along well with your study. 我很高兴你的学业进展顺利。 ③You asked me in your letter how to get along with your deskmate. 你在信中问我如何与你的同桌相处。 (2)表达建议常用句式 ①You don’t have to worry about it. 你不必为此事担心。 ②First of all, try to invite some of your good friends to take part in after-class activities. 首先, 尽量邀请你的一些好朋友参加课外活动。 ③What’s more, help others when they’re in trouble. 另外, 当别人有困难时帮助他们。 ④In my opinion, you should try to calm down and find a chance to talk with her. 依我看来, 你应该试着冷静下来, 找机会与她谈谈。 (3)建议信结尾常用句式 ①I hope these suggestions will help you. 我希望这些建议对你有所帮助。 ②I’m sure everything will turn out all right. 我确信一切都会好的。 ③I hope everything goes well with you. 我希望你万事如意。 4. 范文背诵 Dear Lucy, I quite understand that you are troubled by arguing with your parents over your studies. Actually, it is quite normal for you to lose temper since you may go through some physical and mental changes. Why not try these pieces of advice and see if they help? First, have an honest communication with your parents, figure out their worries and share your thoughts in order to address their concerns. Secondly, try to calm yourself down and understand the situation from their point of view. I believe this stormy period will not last. Everything will turn out all right in the end. Yours, Li Hua 易错点01 简单句基本句型辨析（SVO / SVOO / SVOC） 【错因辨析】 本单元核心语法是简单句的基本句型，学生容易混淆以下几种： 1. SVO（主谓宾）：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 I love my parents. 2. SVOO（主谓双宾）：主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 My father bought me a new bike. 间接宾语可以转换为 to 或 for 引导的介词短语： give, send, show, tell, lend, offer, pay 等 + sth. + to sb. buy, get, make, cook 等 + sth. + for sb. 3. SVOC（主谓宾宾补）：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 The news made us happy. We found the story interesting. 【易错提醒】 SVOO 中，间接宾语通常指人，直接宾语通常指物。 SVOC 中，宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语，常见形式有形容词、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。 注意区分 SVOO 与 SVOC：如果去掉后面的成分，SVO 仍然完整，说明是 SVOO；如果去掉后意思不完整，说明是 SVOC。 【对点训练】 判断下列句子属于哪种基本句型（SVO / SVOO / SVOC）。 1.The teacher gave us some advice. ________ 2.The good news made everyone excited. ________ 3.She reads English every morning. ________ 4.My mother bought me a birthday cake. ________ 5.We saw him crossing the street. ________ 【答案】 1. SVOO。gave 后接间接宾语 us 和直接宾语 some advice。 2. SVOC。made 后接宾语 everyone 和宾语补足语 excited。 3.SVO。reads 后接宾语 English，every morning 是状语。 4.SVOO。bought 后接间接宾语 me 和直接宾语 a birthday cake。 5.SVOC。saw 后接宾语 him 和宾语补足语 crossing the street。 易错点02 状语从句与 that 引导的表语从句辨析 【错因辨析】 1. although 引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，不能与 but 连用。 Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family, you can take action to improve the situation. 误：Although it was late, but he still worked. 正：Although it was late, he still worked. 2. that 引导表语从句，位于系动词之后，说明主语的内容。 The good news is that this stormy period will not last. 此处 that 不能省略。 3. whatever 引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”，相当于 no matter what。 Whatever happened, we always knew we still had the Bank to depend upon. 【易错提醒】 although / though 与 but 不能同时出现在一个句子中。 that 引导表语从句时，that 只起连接作用，无实际意义，但不能省略。 whatever 引导让步状语从句时，不能与 no matter what 同时使用。 注意区分 that 引导的表语从句与 that 引导的定语从句：表语从句位于系动词后，定语从句位于名词后。 【对点训练】 1. ________ he is young, he knows a lot about the world. A. Although　B. But　C. However　D. Because 2. The truth is ________ he has never been abroad. A. which　B. what　C. that　D. where 3. ________ you do, you must be careful. A. Whatever　B. However　C. Whenever　D. Wherever 【答案】 1. A。Although 引导让步状语从句，不能与 but 连用。 2. C。that 引导表语从句，说明主语 The truth 的内容，不能省略。 3. A。Whatever 引导让步状语从句，表示“无论你做什么”。 易错点03 it 作形式主语的用法 【错因辨析】 1. it 作形式主语时，真正的主语是后面的不定式、动名词或从句。 It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too. 真正主语：to balance your developing mental needs It is important that we should learn to communicate with our parents. 常见句型： 2. It is + adj. + (for sb.) + to do sth. It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. It is + n. + to do sth. It is + adj. + that 从句 【易错提醒】 1. it 作形式主语时，不能换成 this 或 that。 2. for sb. 与 of sb. 的区别：for sb. 用于描述事情的性质：It is important for us to learn English. of sb. 用于描述人的品质：It is kind of you to help me. 3. 真正主语是不定式时，谓语动词用单数 is / was。 4. that 引导主语从句时，that 不能省略。 【对点训练】 1. ________ is necessary for us to protect the environment. A. This　B. That　C. It　D. He 2. It is important ________ us to learn from each other. A. of　B. for　C. to　D. with 【答案】 1. C。it 作形式主语，真正主语是 to protect the environment。 2. B。for us 表示“对我们来说”，描述事情的性质。 一、默写重点单词 1. ___________ n. 速度；率 vi. & vt. 评价，评估 2. ___________ n. & vt. & vi. 争论；战斗，搏斗；斗争 3. ___________ n. & vt. 渴望，希望 4. ___________ vi. & n. 奋斗；斗争；搏斗 5. ___________ adj. 可能的，预料的，有希望的 6. ___________ adj. 独一无二的；独特的；独具的，特有的 7. ___________n. 账户；描述；解释 vt. 认为是，视为 8. ___________ n. 手术；运转，操作 9. ___________ n. (戏剧等)场；场面，片段；地点，现场；景象，风光 10. ___________ n. 公寓 adj. 平坦的；瘪了的 【答案】 1. rate 2. battle 3. desire 4. struggle 5. likely 6. unique 7. account 8. operation 9. scene 10. flat 二、词汇运用 1. The ___________ (志愿者) group was quickly reduced in size near the end of the task, disappearing entirely within a couple of months. 2. Even to this day, Chairman Mao is regarded as one of the most inspiring ___________ (人物) in the world. 3. He was determined to give his family a ___________ (安全的) and solid base. 4. Chiung Yao’s vivid and often amusing ___________ (描述) of romance quickly became popular, and won her fame. 5. Regular exercise is good for both physical and ___________ (精神的) health. 6. The reason why he had an ___________ (争论) with his wife was that their money was running out. 7. There were emotional ___________ (场面) as the refugees enjoyed their first breath of freedom. 8. Some of us were ___________ (渴望的) to take part in the class activities. 9. The Chinese migrants used to ___________ (聚集) in a park to enjoy cultural activities — one of which was kung fu. 10. ___________ (以……为目标) a gold medal, he practised day in and day out. 【答案】 1. volunteer 2.figures 3. secure 4.description 5.mental 6.argument 7.scenes 8. eager 9.gather 10.Targeting 三、重点句型 1. 与他们相处融洽是我个人发展中重要的一部分。 ______________________ them is an important part of my personal development.   2. 我回家时发现他正在看电视上的春晚节目。 I ______________________ when I got home.   3. 在我看来, 我更喜欢长江之旅, 长江是中国最长的河流, 也是中华文明的母亲河之一。 ______________________, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River, the longest river in China and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.   4. 他们认为这将帮助外国人更好地融入社会, 促进不同文化之间的相互理解。 They ______________________ this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.   5. 年轻人掌握两门外语是必要的。 ______________________ two foreign languages.   6. 此外, 受欢迎程度高的青少年是那些尊重、关心和同情他人的人。 In addition, teenagers with high popularity are those who______________________ 7. 我和她都支持这个决定。 ______________________ favor of this decision. 8. 如果您能考虑我的申请, 我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if you could______________________ . 9. 他生活在盲人得不到很多教育的时代。 He lived ______________________ the blind couldn’t get much education.   10. 我来到现场时, 一切都已结束。  By the time I arrived ______________________, it was all over. 【答案】 1. Getting along well with 2. spotted him watching the Spring Festival Gala on TV   3. In my view/From my point of view,   4. argue that   5. It’s necessary for the young to master   6. show respect, concern, and sympathy for others. 7. Both she and I are 8. take my application into account.   9. in a time when   10. on the scene 四、语法填空 As is 1 (know) to all, a positive parent-child relationship is good for the physical and mental 2 (grow) of children, but keeping a healthy parent-child bond needs the efforts of both 3 (party). Parents should take the responsibility 4 (improve) their relationship with the children. What matters is spending quality time with their children, however tight their schedule 5 (be). For instance, they can eat meals together, go to sporting events together 6 watch their children’s favorite TV shows together, 7 can contribute greatly to 8 (make) their children feel safe and loved. Children, on the other hand, should let their parents know they appreciate what their parents 9 (do) for them. If possible, they can give their parents a gift on a special day or help with housework 10 a regular basis. No healthy parent-child relationship is without conflict. But as long as parents and children make a joint effort, they can settle the conflict and enjoy their time together. 【答案】 1．known 2．growth 3．parties 4．to improve 5．is 6．or 7．which 8．making 9．have done 10．on 【导语】本文介绍了良好的亲子关系对孩子身心有益，维系亲子纽带需要父母与孩子双方共同努力，阐述了父母和孩子可以采取哪些行动维护亲子关系。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：众所周知，良好的亲子关系对孩子的身心成长有益，但维持健康的亲子纽带需要双方共同努力。As is known to all是固定结构，意为“众所周知”，此空填过去分词known。 2．考查名词。句意：同上。根据“for”及“the ____ of”可知，此空是名词growth，意为“成长”，作宾语。 3．考查名词。句意：同上。此处party意为“一方”，both后面接可数名词复数parties，作宾语。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：父母应当承担起改善与孩子关系的责任。take the responsibility to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“承担做某事的责任”，此空填不定式to improve。 5．考查主谓一致和时态。句意：重要的是，无论他们的日程有多紧张，都要花时间高质量地陪伴孩子。however引导让步状语从句，主语schedule为单数，介绍普遍道理，用一般现在时，be动词用is。 6．考查并列连词。句意：例如，他们可以一起吃饭，一起去看体育赛事，或者一起看孩子最喜欢的电视节目，这能极大地让孩子感到安全和被关爱。此处是几个并列动作之间的选择关系，表示“或者”，填or。 7．考查定语从句。句意：同上。此空引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事，在从句中作主语，填which。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。介词to后接动名词making，作宾语。 9．考查动词时态语态。句意：另一方面，孩子应该让父母知道，他们感激父母为他们所做的一切。父母为孩子付出是从过去持续到现在的动作，从句主语parents是复数，此空用现在完成时have done。 10．考查介词。句意：如果有可能，他们可以在特殊的日子给父母送礼物，或者定期帮忙做家务。on a regular basis是固定短语，意为“定期；经常”，此空填介词on。 五、阅读理解 A One of the most beautiful signs of summer here in the mountains of my home isn’t the flowers, or the trees or the early morning sunrises. It is instead the return of the work camps. These are week-long trips that voluntary groups make into our area to help people to make home repairs that they couldn’t afford to do themselves. They are mostly kind-hearted teenagers giving up part of their summer vacation. They are always supervised (指导), though, by experienced builders who know what they are doing. It always brings a smile to my face and a joy to my heart to see them out there in the hot summer sun working to help those who need it most, with their only pay being the love in their hearts. I remember watching one group building a new set of steps for a front porch (门廊) one year. It was 5 teenagers being supervised by one adult. What got me the most was listening to him encouraging them. I lost count of how many times he said, “Good job” or “Doing good” to them. There was one girl, however, who obviously had never held a hammer (锤子) before. She bent 3 nails in a row working on one board. Finally the man knelt down beside her and instead of criticizing her, gave her a ten-minute tutorial on how to hammer a nail. When he was done, she tried again with a weak smile on her face and drove the nail in like an expert carpenter. The man looked down at her work and said, “Doing good!” once again. Yes! They truly are doing good in this world. For every act of kindness there are a million kind acts. And I see those acts of kindness, those acts of goodness, and those acts of love every time I see one of these work camps helping those in need. May we all learn from their example. 1．Why do work camps come to the mountains annually? A．To seek for volunteers. B．To enjoy summer scenery. C．To do some maintenance work. D．To train teenagers to construct. 2．What is the role of the experienced builders? A．Inspiring the teenagers. B．Guiding teenagers’ work. C．Monitoring the teenagers. D．Giving praises to the teenagers. 3．What can we know about the girl? A．She was impatient. B．She was a slow learner. C．She always made mistakes. D．She was a green hand. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Doing Good and Being Kind B．Enjoying the Summer Scenery C．Witnessing Summer Camps D．Discovering Teenager Builders 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】文章讲述了由青少年组成的“工作营”利用暑假帮助山区居民修缮房屋的故事。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“to help people to make home repairs that they couldn’t afford to do themselves.(帮助人们进行他们自己负担不起的房屋维修)”可知，工作营来到山区是为了帮助当地人修缮房屋。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They are always supervised (指导), though, by experienced builders who know what they are doing.(不过，他们总是在经验丰富的建筑工人的指导下开展工作)”可知，有经验的建筑工人的主要角色是指导青少年志愿者的工作。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“There was one girl, however, who obviously had never held a hammer before.(然而，有一个女孩显然以前从未拿过锤子)”可知，这个女孩完全没有经验，是一个新手。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了由青少年组成的“工作营”利用暑假帮助山区居民修缮房屋的故事，并在最后一段总结升华：“They truly are doing good in this world. For every act of kindness there are a million kind acts.(他们真的在这个世界上做好事。每一个善举背后都有成千上万的善举)”，因此，Doing Good and Being Kind(行善与友善)最能概括文章的核心主旨，适合作标题。 B Everyone has “down days”. Maybe it’s because of the bad weather, or the poor grade on a difficult test, and some days teenagers just act uninterested in life or school. But these symptoms (症状) often pass quickly, as teens move on to new school subjects, or meet friends, preventing themselves from thinking what troubles them at the moment. But if a teenager displays symptoms of sadness for more than two weeks, it might point to something serious. As teenagers develop, they push new boundaries (边界), complain (抱怨) about rules and look for more free rights from their parents. According to the online Health Guide on adolescent Development, parents must be lasting figures (人物) in their teenagers’ life, providing safe boundaries (边界) for teens to grow, even if the teenagers act like these boundaries are unwanted. Parents need to provide rules, while also remaining flexible (灵活的) and respectful of the growing teens’ need for freedom. For example, teenagers will often feel frustrated, embarrassed, and even angry that though they want freedom, they still need to ask their parents for agreement to go to a friend’s house, or need their parents to take them to school. The US Department of Education says that parents should respect and support their teens’ choices as long as those choices won’t have long-term harmful effects. For example, even if a parent doesn’t prefer the music his or her teen listens to, it’s unlikely that the choice of music will prevent that teen from entering a good college, or lead to health problems. However, if that teen is lying, parents must get through strict punishments to teach him or her that there are bad results of poor choices that come with increased freedom. 1．What may show a teenager’s sadness is serious? A．It is caused by a poor test grade. B．It lasts more than two weeks. C．It makes them uninterested in school. D．It goes away after meeting friends. 2．The underlined word “lasting” in the second paragraph probably means ________. A．Temporary (暂时的) B．strict C．hidden (隐藏的) D．stable (稳定的) 3．Why do teenagers often feel frustrated? A．They have to take too many difficult tests at school. B．Their parents don’t allow them to listen to music. C．They want freedom but still need parents’ help or agreement. D．They can’t get into their dream colleges easily. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Causes of Teens’ Sadness. B．How to Be with Growing Teens. C．The Importance of Making Friends with Teens. D．Teens’ Worries About Strict Rules. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了青少年成长中的情绪特点，告诉家长该如何把握边界，在给孩子设立规则的同时尊重青少年对自由的需求。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But if a teenager displays symptoms of sadness for more than two weeks, it might point to something serious. (但如果青少年悲伤的症状持续超过两周，这可能意味着情况比较严重。)”可知，悲伤持续超过两周说明情况严重。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“parents must be lasting figures (人物) in their teenagers’ life, providing safe boundaries (边界) for teens to grow, even if the teenagers act like these boundaries are unwanted (父母必须是青少年生活中____的角色，为青少年的成长提供安全的边界，即便青少年表现出不想要这些边界。)”可知，在青少年成长的整个阶段，父母都要作为陪伴者存在，此处lasting指持久的，和“stable (稳定的)”含义相近。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“For example, teenagers will often feel frustrated, embarrassed, and even angry that though they want freedom, they still need to ask their parents for agreement to go to a friend’s house, or need their parents to take them to school. (例如，青少年常常感到沮丧、尴尬甚至愤怒：他们渴望自由，但去朋友家仍要征得父母同意，上学也需要父母接送。)”可知，青少年的沮丧来自这样一种矛盾：他们想要自由，却仍然需要获得父母许可或者依靠父母帮忙。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“parents must be lasting figures (人物) in their teenagers’ life, providing safe boundaries (边界) for teens to grow (父母必须是青少年生活中持久的角色，为青少年的成长提供安全的边界)”、第四段“The US Department of Education says that parents should respect and support their teens’ choices as long as those choices won’t have long-term harmful effects. (美国教育部提出，只要不会带来长期不良影响，父母应当尊重并支持青少年的选择。)”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了家长该怎样与处于成长期的青少年相处，B选项“How to Be with Growing Teens. (如何与成长中的青少年相处。)”最适合作为文章标题。 六、完形填空 Last year, I joined a summer camp focusing on Guizhou’s karst ecology. Our teacher, Mr. Li, a local ecologist, 1 us to a former rocky desert — once a “lifeless place” but now green again. As we walked, Mr. Li pointed to the 2 hills. “Years ago, rain washed soil away, leaving only rocks,” he said. “Many villagers had to move out to 3 .” We fell silent, imagining the barren land. Suddenly, a group of goats appeared, eating grass on the hillside. A classmate 4 , “Won’t they destroy the plants?” Mr. Li smiled and explained: “These are special goats. Local farmers raise them 5 — not too many, so grass can regrow. It’s a way to balance ecology and 6 . We then visited a 7 by the stream. Workers there were growing walnut trees and peppers. “These plants have strong roots to hold soil,” Mr. Li told us. “They’re called the ‘green bank’ for villagers, 8 both food and income.” Later, we saw workers setting up fences. They were 9 the area to protect rare birds that had returned. A boy found a bird’s nest in a tree, and we all watched it 10 not to disturb the eggs inside. On the last day, we planted saplings on a dry slope. My hands hurt after digging in the rocky soil, but I felt 11 . Mr. Li said, “Small actions 12 over time. This is how we turn deserts back to forests.” Leaving the camp, I looked back at the green hills. I used to think nature’s recovery was 13 , but now I know it’s possible with science and effort. Guizhou’s 14 from rocky desert to lush land tells us: humans and nature can 15 in harmony. 1．A．followed B．led C．forced D．pushed 2．A．green B．bare C．high D．steep 3．A．survive B．play C．research D．travel 4．A．apologized B．reminded C．asked D．argued 5．A．freely B．secretly C．carefully D．randomly 6．A．education B．economy C．technology D．medicine 7．A．farm B．school C．hospital D．museum 8．A．wasting B．storing C．providing D．exchanging 9．A．repairing B．protecting C．describing D．measuring 10．A．quietly B．excitedly C．carelessly D．anxiously 11．A．proud B．bored C．nervous D．painful 12．A．pass B．change C．add D．disappear 13．A．necessary B．impossible C．easy D．urgent 14．A．journey B．dream C．challenge D．promise 15．A．grow B．work C．meet D．live 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D 【导语】文章讲述了作者去年参加贵州喀斯特生态夏令营，在老师李先生的带领下了解石漠化治理与生态修复的过程，认识到人与自然能够和谐共生。 【详解】1．考查动词。句意：我们的老师李先生，一位本地生态学家，带领我们来到一处曾经的石漠——这里曾是一片“毫无生机之地”，如今重披绿装。A. followed跟随；B. led带领；C. forced强迫；D. pushed推。根据下文“As we walked(我们边走边看)”可知，李先生在前面带领我们参观。 2．考查形容词。句意：走着走着，李先生指着光秃秃的山丘。A. green绿色的；B. bare光秃的；C. high高的；D. steep陡峭的。开篇第一段已交代这片石漠“once a ‘lifeless place’but now green again(曾是不毛之地，如今重披绿装)”，说明经过治理，这里已经重新变绿。 3．考查动词。句意：许多村民不得不搬出去才能生存。A. survive生存；B. play玩耍；C. research研究；D. travel旅行。根据上文“Years ago, rain washed soil away, leaving only rocks(多年前，雨水冲走了土壤，只留下岩石)”可知，村民无法在此谋生，只能迁去其他地方以求生存。 4．考查动词。句意：一位同学问：“它们不会毁掉这些植物吗？”A. apologized道歉；B. reminded提醒；C. asked问；D. argued争辩。根据下文“Mr. Li smiled and explained(李先生微笑着解释)”可知，同学是在提出疑问。 5．考查副词。句意：当地农民精心饲养它们——数量不多，这样草才能再长出来。A. freely自由地；B. secretly秘密地；C. carefully精心地；D. randomly随意地。根据下文“not too many, so grass can regrow(数量不多，草才能再长)”可知，饲养是精心照料地、有规划地。 6．考查名词。句意：这是在生态与经济之间寻求平衡的一种方式。A. education教育；B. economy经济；C. technology技术；D. medicine医药。养羊这件事之所以要“平衡”，是因为它一边连着生态“— not too many, so grass can regrow(控制数量，让草场得以恢复)”，另一边连着economy(经济)：农民靠养羊、卖羊获得收入来源。 7．考查名词。句意：随后我们参观了溪边的一座农场。A. farm农场；B. school学校；C. hospital医院；D. museum博物馆。根据下文“Workers there were growing walnut trees and peppers.(那里的工人们正在种植核桃树和辣椒)”可知，参观的是一处从事种植的农场。 8．考查动词。句意：它们被称为村民的“绿色银行”，既提供食物又带来收入。A. wasting浪费；B. storing储存；C. providing提供；D. exchanging交换。根据上文“These plants have strong roots to hold soil.(这些植物有强壮的根系来固定土壤)”可知，这些植物既能固土又为村民提供食物和收入。 9．考查动词。句意：他们正在保护这片区域，以守护回归的珍稀鸟类。A. repairing修复；B. protecting保护；C. describing描述；D. measuring测量。根据上文“Later, we saw workers setting up fences.(后来，我们看到工人们在搭建围栏)”可知，工人设围栏是为了保护区域。 10．考查副词。句意：一个男孩在树上发现了一个鸟巢，我们全都安静地注视着它，以免惊扰里面的鸟蛋。A. quietly安静地；B. excitedly兴奋地；C. carelessly粗心地；D. anxiously焦虑地。根据上文“A boy found a bird’s nest in a tree.(一个男孩在树上发现了一个鸟巢)”可知，大家小心翼翼、安静地观看，以免惊扰。 11．考查形容词。句意：尽管双手酸痛，但我感到自豪。A. proud自豪的；B. bored厌烦的；C. nervous紧张的；D. painful疼痛的。根据上文“My hands hurt after digging in the rocky soil.(在石质土壤里挖土后，我的手很疼)”可知，作者虽辛苦却因参与生态修复而自豪。 12．考查动词。句意：李先生说：“微小的行动日积月累。这就是我们将沙漠变回森林的方式。”A. pass经过；B. change改变；C. add增加、累积；D. disappear消失。根据下文“This is how we turn deserts back to forests.(这就是我们如何让沙漠变回森林)”可知，植树、护草等一个个微小的行动，在时间的推移下不断叠加累积，最终促成沙漠变森林的质变。 13．考查形容词。句意：我过去以为自然的恢复是不可能的，但现在我知道只要依靠科学和努力就能实现。A. necessary必要的；B. impossible不可能的；C. easy容易的；D. urgent紧急的。根据下文“Leaving the camp, I looked back at the green hills.(离开营地时，我回头望向那些青山)”可知，原本光秃的山丘已重现绿意，说明自然恢复并非不可能。 14．考查名词。句意：贵州从石漠地到郁郁葱葱土地的变化历程告诉我们：人类与自然能够和谐共处。A. journey历程；B. dream梦想；C. challenge挑战；D. promise承诺。根据全文介绍的贵州石漠化治理后从昔日不毛之地到如今绿意盎然的整个过程可知，昔日寸草不生的石漠如今已有草木和山羊，这是贵州生态由石漠到绿地的转变历程。 15．考查动词。句意：贵州从石漠地到郁郁葱葱土地的变化历程告诉我们：人类与自然能够和谐共处。A. grow生长；B. work工作；C. meet相遇；D. live生活。根据上文“On the last day, we planted saplings on a dry slope.(最后一天，我们在一处干涸的山坡上种下了树苗)”可知，人类通过植树参与生态修复，人与自然和谐共存。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $