专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，山东专用）高一英语上学期

函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题02阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.C2.A3.D4C 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.D Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.B Passage 4 【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.A 主题语境03人与自然-环境 【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.D 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.A 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 1/3 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.A3.C4B Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.C 主题语境03人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.D2.A3.C4B 主题语境04人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.C3.B4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.A 主题语境05人与自然-宇宙探索 【答案】1.A2.B3.B4D 主题语境06人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B 拓展培优) 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.B2.B3.C4.A 213 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 主题语境02人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.D2.D3.B4.B 主题语境03人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.D 3/3 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·山东青岛第二中学·期中）Financial education is not often taught to students in school, so the responsibility falls to the parents. However, many families believe that involving their children in how the family’s finances are handled is taboo. Financial planners, however, believe that involving children in financial matters is actually the best way to begin educating them. “By keeping children away from financial discussions, you are really denying them an education,” says Joseph Oakley, host of the Enjoy More 30s podcast (播客) and a certified financial planner. “You’re denying them a framework to build upon.” Oakley notes that children will finally develop their own financial mindset, which could be influenced by what they see on television, social media, or through their friends. When they get their first job, they’ll likely lack experience in handling finances because they don’t know enough about managing their money. According to Oakley, it is up to parents to teach them how to develop those skills. Learning financial responsibility doesn’t have to be formal, Oakley says. Instead, it can be about showing children how to handle everyday money tasks, like paying bills online or using credit cards wisely. Another example is teaching them about spending now or saving for later, such as saving money for a vacation. While childhood financial education is crucial, Oakley reveals a systemic imbalance: Over 80% of financial resources serve people preparing for retirement because that’s where most of the assets (资产) are. He stresses the importance of working with a financial planner when you are a young adult because waiting to speak to someone when you’re close to retirement could affect your financial plans. He says it is easier for younger people to make life-changing decisions and adjust their paths. To hear more financial advice from Joseph Oakley on other topics, like how to set the right goals for financial success, check out our podcast K12 On Learning, available wherever you download your podcasts. 1.What do many parents think of involving children in family financial matters? A. It is a good way to educate children. B. It is an important life skill to develop. C. It is something that should be avoided. D. It is an act that is morally wrong to the whole society. 2.What’s the impact on children if they are kept out of financial discussions according to Oakley? A. Tending to be financially inexperienced. B. Lacking necessary life-planning skills. C. Developing a good financial mindset. D. Getting well-prepared for their first job. 3.What is Oakley’s advice on parents’ educating children about finances? A. Figure out schools’ duties. B. Make financial plans for children. C. Attach importance to formal instructions. D. Offer real-life examples for informal education. 4.What is the purpose of mentioning the podcast K12 On Learning? A. To promote a new book by Joseph Oakley. B. To discuss the guidelines of financial goal-setting. C. To allow listeners easy access to Oakley’s advice. D. To criticize existing financial education podcasts. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·山东日照·期中）Despite the rise of digital technology, the world is still hungry for paper. Between four and eight billion trees are cut down every year to meet demand. When he was just 16 and still at school, Valentyn Frechka wanted to reduce deforestation and find an alternative to cellulose (纤维素) — paper’s main raw material. While hiking in the Carpathian Mountains, he wondered if fallen leaves could be the answer. In 2021, after three years of testing in school laboratories, Frechka met a businessman named Alexander Sobolenko. “We decided to start Releaf Paper as a commercial project. He showed his innovation at several international school Olympiads in the United States, South Korea and Kenya, and received positive feedback from everyone.” Sobolenko explains. The idea is as simple as it is attractive. Releaf Paper turns what is normally green waste into a brand-new product. The word “Releaf” is a homophone of the start-up’s mission: to provide relief to the environment. “We cooperate with big cities,” Sobolenko says. “The leaves are delivered to our production center, and we do some basic cleaning, washing and drying, and then, we granulate (制成颗粒) it, so that we can use the leaves throughout the year.” The granules are turned into pulp (浆), similar to wood pulp, which paper factories use to produce paper. Cities collect fallen leaves and, normally, compost or burn them. Releaf Paper offers a more environmentally friendly solution. “Sometimes, leaves are stored for six months or more, before being composted, and that creates emissions,” says Sobolenko. “We help cities get rid of leaves for free. Our production causes very low CO2 emissions.” What does the future hold? Sobolenko is developing plans to expand internationally. “There are countries with a lot of tropical fruit waste — pineapples and bananas, for example,” he explains. “We found that, with pineapple, we can make paper and produce hygiene products, such as tissues and toilet paper. The technology is the same, but the yield of the fibers is different.” 1.Why did Valentyn Frechka want to find an alternative to cellulose? A. To invent a new type of paper. B. To protect forests. C. To reduce the production cost. D. To earn enough money. 2.What can we learn about Releaf Paper from the passage? A. It transforms fallen leaves into pulp. B. It collects fallen leaves at a high cost. C. It was started by Alexander Sobolenko. D. It has been launched in several countries. 3.What does paragraph 4 talk about? A. The method of storing fallen leaves. B. Releaf Paper’s working process. C. Releaf Paper’s environmental benefits. D. The contributions to city economy. 4.What is Sobolenko’s plan for the future of Releaf Paper? A. To focus mainly on paper products. B. To widen raw materials globally. C. To replace leaves with fruit waste. D. To shift from cities to farming regions. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·山东济南第一中学·期中）Alexsandrah is a fashion model (模特) in London. She has a twin, but her twin is not her sister. The twin is a product of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Whenever Alexsandrah is not available to work with a photographer, the virtual twin takes her place. Alexandrah’s twin is an example of how computer images are influencing creative industries. The companies that make clothing say using AI prevents people from buying their products, trying them on at home, and then sending them back if they dislike them. It could help a buyer make more sensible decisions, cutting down on product returns and waste. The fashion industry has often been arguing about using models who are only white or tall or who fit one idea of beauty. Activists for including many groups in fashion say some companies could seem like they are employing minorities (少数). Levi Strauss is an American clothing company known for its blue jeans. In March 2023, the company said it would be testing AI-generated models. The aim was to show how its clothing looks on people of all shapes and sizes. But the company said it would not reduce its use of human models, for it would not replace humans with AI at the cost of the action toward its “diversity, equity and inclusion goals.” Others in the fashion industry are fully using AI. The Diigitals, a company in Britain, helped the human model Alexsandrah, who has worked in fashion shows as a real-life version of the AI model. “These are the pioneers. I’m proud of my work,” Alexsandrah said. Other models don’t feel good about AI. Yve Edmond works as a “fit model”. She tries on clothes for companies that want to see how their designs fit a real person. She worries that AI modeling companies are using images and videos of real people to train their system. She calls that a violation (侵犯) because humans are not being paid for their part in the technology. Edmond said she was called for photo shooting, but there were no new clothes. She was asked to move her body in certain ways and walk for a recording. 1.What is the function of Alexsandrah’s twin? A. Relieving the shortage of photographers. B. Providing inspiration for fashion models. C. Filling in for Alexsandrah in photo shoots. D. Promoting Alexsandrah’s popularity in modeling. 2.Why did Levi Strauss introduce AI models? A. To stick to its common belief. B. To make its products broadened. C. To avoid its dependence on human models. D. To demonstrate its clothes on all human figures. 3.What is Yve Edmond’s opinion on AI modeling companies? A. They ignore human models’ efforts. B. They help the human model Alexsandrah. C. They simply take away from human work. D. They can be accepted as a way out for the fashion industry. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Human Models Are Facing Threat from AI B. AI Makes Its Far-reaching Influence on Clothing Design C. Clothing Fashion Varies with Technological Development D. The Clothing Industry Wonders about the Effect of AI on Models Passage 3 （25-26高一上·山东济南第一中学·期中）Since ancient times, food has been a base for cultures worldwide. It is important for our survival, which is why attention on food is a universal rule that connects us all. To feed our hungry brains, our ancestors invented fire and cooking, which passed digestion to culture. In fact, a culture’s food vocabulary is a window into its values and priorities. The cultural psychologist Paul Rozin has found that when French and American research participants are asked what comes to mind when thinking of fried eggs, the French say “breakfast” while Americans say “cholesterol (胆固醇) ”. The French think of the cooking experience; Americans think of what is entering the bloodstream. Sometimes, slurping (出声地吃) noodles is seen as the preferred way to interact with the delicious dish. There is a great scene in Juzo Itami’s film, Tampopo (1985) where a group of women in a hotel are being taught table manners and told to eat their Italian pasta noodles slowly and quietly. Another diner sitting nearby happily is slurping his noodles and the joy he gets from audibly (声音地) and physically interacting with his food is infectious. Before they know it, even the teacher is also slurping her noodles. Besides, specific dishes never represent an unchanging tradition. “My grandma’s Egg Foo Young looks and tastes completely different from what you might find in a restaurant or in somebody else’s home. After asking about her version, I realized that she learned how to make it by picking up different cooking styles as she traveled from Jiangxi, Macao, and Hong Kong,” said Shirley Ting, a Canadian researcher. If we treat culture as a defined thing, then we can see food as an important part of culture — food practices and traditions help communicate cultural values, reproduce those values over time and across generations, and help improve a group’s sense of having a distinct identity, different from other groups. 1.What may we learn from Paul Rozin’s research on food? A. Food vocabulary increases with cultural exchanges. B. People have the same food-related health concerns. C. Different cultures prioritize different aspects of food. D. Americans and the French have similar cooking methods. 2.Why does the author mention the scene in Tampopo? A. To highlight different food preferences. B. To stress the appeal of pleasurable dining. C. To criticize rude manners in public places. D. To compare dining habits in films and daily life. 3.Which function of food is referred to in the last paragraph? A. Passing down traditional cooking techniques. B. Encouraging cultural appreciation globally. C. Presenting cultural gaps and differences. D. Strengthening cultural values and uniqueness. 4.What does the text mainly talk about? A. Diet can impact health. B. Food is a bridge to culture. C. Noodles can be a cultural symbol. D. Global views are different about food trends. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·山东泰安宁阳县第四中学·期中）Amazon recently announced its latest launch, a robot called Astro. Small in size, but with impressive technology, Astro is seemingly similar to Amazon’s popular virtual assistant. With all the same capabilities as Alexa, many critics are asking why there’s a need for Astro. Answering this question, Amazon’s Vice-President of Products, Charlie Tritschler, highlights some unique features of Astro that make it a different kind of robot. Astro can move on its own and follow people, offering consumers a far broader range of options. Besides, it can monitor home security. Astro uses Artificial Intelligence to learn more about household members by interacting with users. Users can also register themselves and others into its recognition system. When they leave home, they can make an away mode, which means “Sentry (哨兵) Mode”, or “Patrol Mode” start working. If someone who is not recognized enters the house, Astro will follow and record them. Astro’s mobility seems to be the key feature in its technological enhancement, but what appeals to people most is its “unique persona”. Its big, circular, blinking “eyes” displayed on its screen-like head making it look rather cute are a big reason for this. Years of research show that humans often experience positive emotional connections with robots. According to MIT’s technology review of Astro, it may not fall far from this observation. People have come to love robotic pets, though they are fully aware that the pets are lifeless. Robots at home can play a useful role in helping elderly patients fight loneliness or young children face social anxiety. Amazon is offering people interested in Astro the chance to sign up for Day 1 Editions, a program giving invitations to Astro as soon as it goes on the market later this year. Tritschler is encouraging people to personalize the robot when it becomes available, and he is confident that users will come up with more ideas and features they will want to see in the robot in the near future to make it even better. 1.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The convenient operation of Astro. B. The essential functions of Astro. C. The increasing popularity of Astro. D. The distinctive capabilities of Astro. 2.Which aspect of Astro attracts people most? A. Its recognition system. B. Its ability to move on its own. C. Its adorable appearance. D. Its ability to monitor home security. 3.What is Tritschler’s attitude to the future of Astro? A. Critical. B. Positive. C. Uncertain. D. Doubtful. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Astro: A Robot Assistant B. The New Revolution of AI C. Astro: An Emotional Relief D. The Great Potential of Robots 主题语境03 人与自然-环境 （25-26高一上·山东菏泽第一中学·期中）Sweden is one of the world’s northernmost countries. In the country, you are sure to notice that there isn’t much rubbish in the streets. This is because a love of nature is deeply fixed in the hearts of all Swedish people, and their respect for nature has created an environmentally friendly society. The Swedish like being out in nature and they know what we need to do to protect nature and the environment. They know they are supposed to recycle (回收利用) and reuse things instead of throwing them outdoors. Sweden is so good at recycling that, for several years, it has imported (进口) rubbish from other countries to keep its recycling factories going. Why do other countries send waste to Sweden? Their looking after the environment. Over time, Sweden has developed a national recycling policy. Even though private companies are in charge of most of the business of importing and burning waste, the energy produced during the process goes into a national heating network to heat homes through the cold winter. Sweden is one of the first countries to put a heavy tax (税) on fossil fuels (化石燃料) like coal, oil and natural gas. It plans to become world’s first country to fully stop using them. With the recycling system, Sweden can make good use of the heat from the waste plants instead of letting it disappear into the air. And in part, it helps cut down the use of fossil fuels. 1.Why is there little rubbish in Sweden’s streets? A. The government hires many people to clean the streets. B. Swedish people have a deep love for nature and respect it. C. There are strict laws against throwing rubbish outdoors. D. Most rubbish is sent to other countries for treatment. 2.What do we know about Sweden’s recycling plants? A. They stop working when there is not enough local rubbish. B. They only process the rubbish produced in Sweden. C. They are all managed by the Swedish government. D. They need to import rubbish from other countries to operate. 3.How does Sweden use the energy from burning waste? A. It is used to power recycling plants. B. It is sent to a national heating network to heat homes. C. It is stored for future use in summer. D. It is used to produce fossil fuels. 4.What is Sweden’s plan regarding fossil fuels? A. To use more fossil fuels to heat homes. B. To import more fossil fuels from other countries. C. To lower the tax on fossil fuels to encourage use. D. To become the first country to stop using them completely. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·山东青岛第五十八中学·期中）Unclear guidelines for when to keep a child at home if they are sick might play a part in the nationwide problem of students missing too much school. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is an organization (组织) for doctors who treat children. It suggests that children stay at home when there are signs of sickness like fever, or when students are not well enough to attend classes. But many schools go far beyond that, offering different signs of sickness that would stop parents from sending their children to school. Trenace has a five-year-old daughter who was sick a lot last year. The mother followed school guidelines and kept her daughter home when she had a cough, painful throat, or fever. Near the end of the year, school officials called her in to talk about why her daughter had missed so much school. “In the past, if the child didn’t have a fever, then it’s okay to send them to school,” said the mother. “But now it’s like if they have a cough, you have to keep them home. Which is it?” Children who missed school a lot found it more difficult to catch up. Missing 10 percent or more of the school year puts students at risk. Students who miss school also might miss meals, socializing with other students and teachers, physical exercise, and health care services. Recently, the state of California decided to change their stay-at-home guideline for the autumn. The new guideline says children with low-level signs of sickness can come to school. Noha Aboelata, who leads the Roots Health Centre in Oakland, California, said the change in guidance might make a big difference. She hoped that parents and schools will learn about the new guidance and that students will miss less school. “The most important place for our kids to be is school,” she said. 1.What’s the function of the first paragraph? A. To voice worries. B. To express thanks. C. To offer a suggestion. D. To introduce the topic. 2.What can we infer about the health guidelines in each school? A. They were difficult to follow. B. They were well received. C. They troubled many parents. D. They put teachers at risk. 3.What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us about missing school? A. Its lasting value. B. Its bad influence. C. Its background. D. Its common cause. 4.What does Noha Aboelata say about the new rule? A. It will play an active role. B. It will come to an end soon. C. It will make no sense to kids. D. It will leave parents surprised. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·山东泰安第一中学·期中）Surgeons often emphasize that in the event of a heart attack, time is crucial for saving heart muscle. The heart relies on a continuous supply of oxygen delivered by the heart’s blood vessels (血管). When these vessels become blocked, the oxygen supply stops, and the heart's muscle cells begin to die within minutes. Survivors of heart attacks frequently suffer from permanent heart failure, with a worrying statistic showing that 50% of them may not survive beyond five years. “Eventually, their hearts become so weak that they can't sustain sufficient blood flow, and they ultimately stop,” explains Sanjay Sinha, a cardiologist at Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge. However, within the next five years, there could be a new alternative — to grow live, beating “heart patches” (补丁). Sinha, along with a team of biologists at the University of Cambridge’s Stem Cell Institute, is working on this innovative approach. These heart patches are tiny, beating pieces of heart muscle. They are grown in lab dishes over a month. The process begins by taking blood cells and reprogramming them into a specific type of stem cell capable of developing into any cell type within the human body. Sinha is currently preparing to test these patches, first in mice and then in pigs. If successful, he hopes to set up a human trial within five years. In the United States, scientists from Stanford University are also working on creating heart patches. They envision a future procedure where ultrasound and MRI (超声波和核磁共振) scans are used to identify damaged sections. Based on the shape of the section, a custom heart patch would be 3D printed to fit perfectly. Surgeons would then open the chest area and attach the patch directly to the heart. The major challenge with this method is establishing “electrical connectivity” between the new patch and the existing heart to ensure they beat in harmony. Additionally, the cost of developing and using these patches is significant, which could impact accessibility. However, if these challenges can be overcome, Sinha is optimistic that heart patches could transform the lives of millions worldwide. 1.What is the function of paragraph I? A. To reveal a finding. B. To offer a solution. C. To present a problem. D. To outline a research. 2.What is the first step in growing heart patches? A. Launching a clinical trial in humans. B. Testing the heart patches on animals. C. Culturing heart patches in lab dishes. D. Generating stem cells from blood cells. 3.What is the purpose of using ultrasound and MRI scans? A. To create a 3D model of the heart. B. To locate damaged areas in the heart. C. To design the shape of the custom heart. D. To provide real-time guidance for operations. 4.What is the major challenge in employing heart patches? A. Promoting global accessibility. B. Reducing production costs. C. Securing functional integration. D. Finding a suitable material. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·山东淄博·期中）Nowadays generative (生成的) AI tools like ChatGPT are flooding into schools, promising to transform learning. But in a recent study, researchers uncovered a hidden danger: the better these tools perform, the more they might drop students’ ability to think by themselves. Nearly 1,000 students from grade 9 to 11 in Turkey joined the study. They were divided into three groups: one with no AI access (使用权) — the control group, one using ChatGPT, and one using GPT Tutor — an improved AI tutor designed by teachers which gave guidance instead of answers and included fixes for common mistakes. Over four weeks, students used these tools during practice periods, and then were followed by exams without AI help. During practice periods, students using the ChatGPT scored 48% higher than those without AI. Those using the improved GPT Tutor scored 127% higher. However, in exams without AI, ChatGPT users performed 17% worse than the control group. GPT Tutor users, on the other hand, did just as well as students who never used AI. This shows that while AI can better shortterm performance, poorly designed tools might hurt real learning. Researchers found that students using ChatGPT often asked for direct answers instead of trying to solve problems themselves. About 31% of their messages were simple requests like, “What’s the’answer?” In comparison, GPT Tutor users spent more time asking for guidance or explaining their details. The safeguards in GPT Tutor — like detailed guidance — helped students think critically. Without these features, ChatGPT acted like a “crutch”, making students less prepared for their own homework. Surveys also showed another fact. ChatGPT users felt confident about their exam performance, even though their scores dropped. GPT Tutor users believed they learned more, even though their exam results were similar to the control group. This suggests that AI tools might create false confidence if not carefully designed. In short, generative AI has great promise in education, but its design matters. Tools built with teacher expertise and focus on problem-solving can help students learn. Those that prioritize speed over understanding might do more harm than good. 1.Which aspect of generative AI tools does the new research focus on? A. Its advancement. B. Its accuracy. C. Its flexibility. D. Its influence. 2.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Experimental design. B. Study results. C. Research background. D. Tool functions. 3.Which request is a student using GPT Tutor likely to make? A. Grade the monthly test paper quickly. B. Provide the best title of my composition. C. Walk me through this problem step by step. D. Translate the following sentence into Chinese. 4.What do the surveys concerning AI tools present in paragraph 5? A. A misunderstanding of the product design contents. B. A mismatch between student beliefs and actual results. C. Confidence is directly affected by complexity of AI tools. D. Scores differ between ChatGPT users and the control group. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·山东百师联盟·期中）As more and more students use AI to help with schoolwork, we still aren’t sure about the effect it’s having on learning. To look into this, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) asked 54 people aged 18 to 39 to write three essays (文章) in 20 minutes. One group wrote all three essays with the help of popular AI chatbot ChatGPT. Another group used only the Internet for help, with AI answers turned off. And a third group used no outside sources at all. The essays were on topics about deep thinking, like whether we need to help others in order to be truly happy, or whether books and movies can truly change people’s lives. People taking part wore special headsets that recorded their brains’ electrical activity while they wrote. Those using ChatGPT showed the lowest levels of brain connectivity, while those using only the Internet had greater brain connectivity. Those using no outside sources had the most connectivity. After they’d finished, the ChatGPT group was also the least able to repeat sentences from their essays. Eighteen people were later called back to rewrite one of their essays. This time the groups were changed — those who had used ChatGPT before now had to write with no outside sources, and those who had used no outside sources before could now use ChatGPT. It found that all nine people from the no-outside-sources group could remember all the topics they had written about before. But only three of those who had used ChatGPT could remember all of their topics. And those who had used ChatGPT before still showed weaker brain connectivity even now that they were writing without using any outside sources. The study has not yet been checked by other experts. However, the researchers decided to share their results right away without waiting because of how important the findings may be for children’s education — and they felt the results should be seen as soon as possible. 1.Why did researchers carry out the study? A. To test Internet’s practical value. B. To improve students’ writing skills. C. To know AI’s effect on learning. D. To teach students to use ChatGPT. 2.What made the three groups different from each other? A. The number of essays. B. Sources used for writing. C. Time for writing essays. D. Topics of their essays. 3.What can be found from the further study according to paragraph 4? A. ChatGPT users forgot more topics. B. Internet users wrote better essays. C. No-source users repeated most essays. D. AI users had stronger brain connectivity. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Ways to Use Outside Sources. B. Why AI Is Less Helpful to Students. C. AI Might Decrease Learning Effect. D. How Memory Directly Affects Writing Process. 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·山东德州·期中）From big life goals to small daily troubles, frustration (沮丧) is part of our daily life. Although frustration is often thought of as a bad feeling, studies show that it is not just a problem — it can also be a useful tool for growing, learning and making yourself better. Psychologists say frustration is more than a short-term trouble. Ayelet Fishbach, a professor at the University of Chicago, says frustration exists for a reason. Anger usually points at others, and stress often comes from having too many tasks to do. But frustration is different; it is the feeling you get when things don’t go as you planned. It’s a reminder to check your goals again and think about doing things in a different way. Ayelet says this kind of change can make you pay more attention and also make your determination stronger. Some studies even find that students who fail in frustrating situations often get better at solving problems later. She explains, “It is this focused determination from frustration that helps people make progress.” Even babies feel frustrated when they learn to crawl or walk, but this frustration encourages them to keep trying until they succeed. To use frustration to help yourself grow, you need a serious approach. The first key step is to understand, in any process (过程) of trying hard, it is very natural to face problems, and frustration can actually push us to improve ourselves. Another important thing to do is to change how you look at frustration — don’t see it as failure. Instead, you should treat it as proof that “you are dealing with challenges that are just right for you.” Besides, you should deal with your feelings in a right way. Keeping your feelings inside is not healthy. Talking to someone you trust can often give you new ideas. Finally, you need to think back, learn lessons from your experiences, and use these to guide your future growth. Frustration is not your enemy. As long as you understand its good points and learn to use it, you can turn life’s problems into chances to grow. 1.What makes frustration different from anger and stress according to Ayelet? A. It usually targets other people. B. It lasts longer than other feelings. C. It is caused by too many tasks. D. It happens as things go unexpected. 2.Why does the author mention babies? A. To prove the view. B. To bridge the paragraphs. C. To imagine a scene. D. To introduce a new topic. 3.What should one do to make the best of frustration? A. Avoid challenges. B. Keep feelings inside. C. Shift the mindset. D. Forget the past pains. 4.What is the best title for this passage? A. The Harm of Frustration in Our Life. B. Frustration: From Problem to Power. C. The Reasons Why We Get Frustrated. D. Key to Success: Never Feel Frustrated. 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·山东菏泽第一中学·期中）Language is not just a tool for communication; it’s also a playground for the mind. English, in particular, is noted for its rich vocabulary and influence from many different languages, which provides a great basis for creativity and humor. One example of this is the use of puns (双关语) the clever or humorous use of a word that has more than one meaning, or of words that have different meanings but sound the same. Puns can be categorized (分类) into different types, Homophonic puns rely on word pairs that sound alike but have different meanings, like “A bicycle can’t stand on its own because it’s two-tired.” Homographic puns use words that are spelled the same but have different meanings and sometimes different pronunciations, for example, “I can’t bear the weight of that bear.” Compound puns often combine homophonic and homographic elements, creating even more complex wordplay, for example, “I was struggling to figure out how lightning works, but then it struck me.” The history of puns in English literature and culture is rich and interesting. Following their development shows how language, culture, and humor have changed over time. Puns have been a part of English literature from the early days, appearing in medieval (中世纪的) texts and Shakespeare’s plays, often used for humor or to show double meanings. During the Victorian Era, strict social norms promoted the use of puns, as they allowed people to comment on issues subtly (巧妙地) while avoiding directness. Today, puns are widely used in advertising, television, and social media, reflecting how English wordplay adapts to different contexts and media. People’s opinions of puns have changed throughout history. Once seen as a sign of cleverness, puns were sometimes criticized (批评) as low-level humor. However, in recent years, they’ve regained popularity, largely because of the Internet and social media, which allow for quick sharing and creativity in pun-based humor. 1.What can we learn from paragraph 1? A. The development of language over time. B. The difficulty of learning a new language. C. The creative and playful aspect of language. D. The different functions of language in daily life. 2.Which of the following contains a homographic pun? A. You can call a bee from America a USB. B. Six is afraid of seven because seven ate nine. C. Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana. D. I only know 25 letters of the alphabet; I don’t know Y. 3.What was the major purpose of using puns in the Victorian Era? A. To break social rules. B. To express ideas indirectly. C. To spread different opinions. D. To make communication easier. 4.What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The rise and fall of the popularity of puns. B. The new changes of language in recent years. C. The relationship between language and society. D. The influence of social media on modern humor. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·山东菏泽第一中学·期中）If you are like me, the words “wellness trend (趋势)” will produce a Pavlovian response, where you think you will hear something strange, like applying snail slime (蜗牛黏液) over the face. Does that really work? To each his own, but because a good night’s sleep and a daily run are all I need to feel like myself, I can’t really understand. So the rise of rucking (负重徒步) — hiking with a weighted backpack — came as a pleasant surprise. When fitness fans think about rucking, they often point out that it’s much slower and less intense (强烈的) than popular high intensity workouts, It makes me wonder: On top of the obvious mental benefits of walking in nature, does rucking also provide meaningful physical benefits? Michael Tschakovsky, an exercise scientist, says yes. Rucking is a low-impact activity that can provide better resistance (抵抗) training for muscles (肌肉) and bones than walking. More importantly, unlike running, where about 50 percent of runners suffer an injury in any given year, rucking actually helps make you less likely get injured. Rucking is not a new activity; it has long been used as a military (军事的) training method for developing physical and mental toughness. In fact, Jason McCarthy, the American man largely responsible for popularizing rucking through the gear and apparel company GORUCK that he founded in 2008, once served in the army. Recently, many fitness influencers such as Dr Peter Attia and Dr Andrew Huberman have taken up rucking and popularize its benefits. Many of us spend quite a lot of our day sitting. Long, weighted hikes in the wild help us stay fit and clear our minds. While military-grade rucking appears designed to push people to their physical limits, sometimes requiring soldiers to carry their full body weight in a backpack, civilian rucking is much easier. Beginners are recommended to start by carrying a backpack that weighs 10 to 15 percent of their body weight, before working their way up and noticing small health benefits over time. 1.What is the author’s attitude towards the majority of wellness trends? A. Unconcerned. B. Curious. C. Supportive. D. Doubtful. 2.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The origins of rucking. B. The benefits of rucking. C. The ways to build muscles. D. The types of resistance training. 3.Why does the author mention Jason McCarthy? A. To stress his business success. B. To introduce GORUCK’S history. C. To explain rucking’s military connection. D. To describe his role in fitness trends. 4.What are beginners advised to do? A. Start with proper weight. B. Try military-grade rucking. C. Depend on experts’ guidance. D. Choose a pair of lightweight shoes. 主题语境05 人与自然-宇宙探索 （25-26高一上·山东德州·期中）Black holes are some of the most puzzling things in space. They’re much heavier than our sun. We can’t see them directly with our eyes or even regular telescopes. So they remain one of the biggest mysteries in science. Let’s find out what they are, how we spot them, and the secrets that still confuse scientists today. A black hole appears when a very large star runs out of all its fuel. Usually, a star stays steady; a force inside pushes out, and gravity (引力) pulls in, balancing each other. But when the star has no fuel, gravity wins. Then all the star’s material is pressed into a very small space. Even light, the fastest thing in the space, can’t escape its gravity. That’s why we can’t see black holes — no light comes out of them, so it can’t reach our eyes or telescopes. We can’t see black holes, but scientists have found smart ways to track them down using powerful telescopes. They watch for things like gas and dust floating in space — when these materials get close to a black hole, they get really hot and give off weak signals that telescopes can pick up. In 2022, a group of scientists used a network of telescopes around the world to take the first clear picture of a super big black hole called Sagittarius A* at the center of our Milky Way galaxy, and it’s more than a million times heavier than our Sun. We still don’t know much about what happens inside a black hole. That’s a big unknown. Every black hole has something called an “event horizon.” It’s like an unseen line around the black hole. If anything crosses this line, even a spaceship or a ray of light, it gets pulled in by the black hole’s gravity and can never get out. Some scientists think that if a person went past this event horizon, they would be trapped forever. Other scientists guess that black holes might connect to other parts of the universe through “wormholes.” These are like hidden tunnels. But these wormholes would break apart too quickly for anything to travel through them. The good news? All black holes are very far from Earth. So they don’t bring any danger to our planet. 1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. How a black hole forms. B. Why stars run out of fuel. C. Why we need telescopes. D. How gravity works on stars. 2.How did scientists discover Sagittarius A*? A. By observing its bright light. B. By tracking materials around it. C. By using one huge telescope. D. By catching its strong signals. 3.What can we infer about the “event horizon”? A. It’s near the Earth. B. It’s a point of no return. C. It’s a type of planet. D. It’s a line that can be seen. 4.What’s the main aim of the text? A. To urge scientists to study black holes. B. To introduce a movie about black holes. C. To warn people about black holes’ danger. D. To explain the related facts of black holes. 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·山东青岛第二中学·期中）If you’ve ever watched a dog sleep, you’ve probably wondered if animals dream. It’s a difficult question. We still don’t know exactly why humans dream, or why dreams might be important. Studying animal dreams is even harder. Animal dreams might be very interesting. “I think dreaming gives us a way to relate many human cognitive abilities to animals, such as emotion, memory, and even imagination,” says David M. Pena-Guzman, who recently wrote When Animals Dream: The Hidden World of Animal Consciousness. We know monkeys have emotions, but consider spiders, which a recent study suggests may experience REM-like (类似快速眼动的) sleep, a period of sleep during which the brain is active and vivid dreams are likely to occur. The thought of spider dreams sounds outlandish, but it may be true. “We have this idea of dreams being an imaginary process with something crazy in it,” says Matthew Wilson, a neurobiologist at MIT. “But when we look into animal models, we’re simply trying to understand what goes on during sleep that might influence learning, memory, and behavior.” Cats were some of the first animals studied in dream research. Michel Jouvet, a pioneer of sleep studies, proved that cats dreamed in the 1960s. In REM sleep, human muscles don’t move much despite the brain activity that powers our dreams. The body doesn’t act out our dreams no matter how real they seem. Jouvet learned that, in cats, a part of the brain called the pons (脑桥) seemed to control REM sleep and produce partial paralysis (麻痹：瘫痪). By removing parts of the pons, Jouvet found with their brains deep in REM sleep the cats began to move as if awake, hunting, jumping and fighting against unseen dangers. This provided a window into what was happening in the cats’ sleeping brains. “I wouldn’t be surprised if actual dreams were found in animals, and I think finally we’ll be able to show that scientifically,” Stanford neurobiologist Philippe Mourrain says. “We’re not the only species able to remember and learn.” 1.What is the point of studying animal dreams? A. To improve animals’ sleeping quality. B. To learn about animals’ cognitive abilities. C. To find a scientific way to raise animals. D. To help explore the workings of humans’ dreams. 2.What does the underlined word “outlandish” mean in paragraph 3? A. Strange. B. Interesting. C. Misguided. D. Reasonable. 3.What can we learn from Michel Jouvet’s research on cats’ dreaming? A. Cats dream in a way different from humans. B. Dreams have very little to do with cats’ behavior. C. It’s the pons that keeps cats still in REM sleep. D. Cats are more active in sleep than when they’re awake. 4.What does Philippe Mourrain think of animal dreams? A. They are more confusing than people think. B. They will be proved by further research. C. The present research is still far from satisfactory. D. There is a long way to go before they’re understood. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·山东济南外国语学校·期中）Search and rescue teams are often accompanied by man’s best friend. A dog’s greater sense of smell can be important to finding survivors buried under fallen buildings. But now a new animal is being trained to assist search and rescue teams after an earthquake hits, and it’s the rat. These rescue rats are being trained by Dr. Donna Kean, a researcher from Glasgow, Scotland who has been working with rats for years. Kean explained why she and her colleagues at the nonprofit APOPO train rats instead of dogs. “The rats have a comparable sense of smell, and they’re just as trainable as dogs,” she said. “Their size is useful because they will be able to move through different environments that dogs just wouldn’t be able to.” At the moment, the rats are wearing homemade prototype backpacks that contain microphones, video equipment, and location trackers, and then scientists are sending these rats into mock debris(模拟的废墟). Rats would be able to get into small spaces to get to victims buried in the ruins. “We have not been in a real situation yet, we have got a mock debris site. When we track the backpack, we will be able to hear from where the rat is inside the debris,” Kean said. “We have the potential to speak to victims through the rat.” Researchers train them on a basic series of behaviour. Training starts off in a really basic environment: a small and empty room. Then they gradually increase the difficulty in order to make it like real life. They can start adding in debris and making the training area look more like an actual collapsed (坍塌的) building site. The training just started, and researchers still have to run training trials outside the research environment. They are working with a search and rescue group called GEA, who are based in Turkey, a country with frequent earthquakes and hoping that by next year they’ll be able to take the rats to Turkey for trials. 1.What advantage do rats have over dogs in the rescue work? A. They are easier to train. B. They have a better sense of smell. C. They are more suitable with a smaller size. D. They adapt to new environments more quickly. 2.What function is expected of the backpacks? A. To guide rats to find survivors. B. To protect rats from being injured. C. To provide some food for trapped people. D. To help rescuers communicate with victims. 3.What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The process of training the rats. B. The difficulty of conducting experiments. C. The rats’ behaviour in real collapsed sites. D. The importance of the research environment. 4.What will scientists plan to do next? A. Use rats for rescue work in more countries. B. Send rats to Turkey for field experiments. C. Conduct further study on disaster warning. D. Develop the technology to assist GEA. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·山东师范大学附属中学·期中）American gymnast Simone Biles flies through the air as though she was made for it. She has claimed more World Championship gold medals than any other female gymnast in history. She is also the first woman gymnast to win three World all-around titles in a row. A complicated flip (翻转动作) she introduced in the 2013 World Championships is one of four skills that are named after her, and some consider her the greatest of all time. Athletes are under pressure, and a small mistake can result in serious injury. At the Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo, Biles experienced something gymnast call “the twisties,” which is when a gymnast has no idea where his or her body is in the air. Instead of putting herself and her team at risk, Biles gave up the competition. However, she worked out in a private gym and was able to compete in the last-scheduled individual event: the balance beam, winning the bronze medal. When she was young, Biles was raised by her grandfather Ron, and was introduced to gymnastics at the age of 6 on a school field trip to a gym. She saw some gymnasts practicing, began copying their moves and insisted that her parents send her for gymnastics lessons. A coach at the gym also recognized her talent and sent a letter home asking her parents to send her for lessons. Throughout her career, Biles has kept her passion for the sport, which can be seen clearly in the huge smile she often wears while competing. But she also wants people to know the importance of putting mental health first and not ignoring how stress can influence them. In Biles’ 2016 memoir (回忆录), titled Courage to Soar, the book tells in her words “how my faith and my family made my wildest dreams come true. And how embracing a dream can give you courage to soar.” Biles’ ability to perform at the highest level has inspired new generations of athletes, but her willingness to be honest about her struggles inspires everyone. 1.What does the underlined word “claimed” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Collected. B. Won. C. Created. D. Achieved. 2.What happened to Biles at the Tokyo Summer Olympic Games? A. She was seriously injured. B. She had a hard time. C. She got a gold medal. D. She put her team at risk. 3.What do we know about Biles from the text? A. She has got the most gold medals in history. B. Four skills were named after her in 2013. C. She showed her talent for gymnastics at an early age. D. Her grandfather insisted that she take gymnastics lessons. 4.Which of the following can best describe Biles? A. Strong-willed and talented. B. Confident and warm-hearted. C. Determined and generous. D. Hard-working and curious. 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·山东师范大学附属中学·期中）As remote work (远程办公) becomes more common, companies are rethinking their office spaces. Traditional setups with small offices and private rooms are being replaced by open designs that encourage teamwork, creativity, and employee well-being. A study by Global Workplace Analytics found that businesses can save an average of $11,000 per year for each employee who works remotely half the time. This is because of reduced costs for office spaces, services, and repairs. Employees also save money on traveling to work, clothing, and lunches, which benefits small to mid-sized businesses. However, remote work presents challenges. Employees often feel lonely and disconnected from their coworkers, which can lead to decreased drive and productivity. To address this, companies are spending on technology that supports online teamwork and communication. Video conferencing tools, project management software, and messaging platforms help connect remote workers and their in-office teammates. Some companies also organize online team-building activities to keep a sense of community. The move to remote work has led to a review of work-life balance. Many employees appreciate the freedom to manage their work schedules around personal responsibilities, such as childcare or eldercare. However, others struggle to separate work from home life, leading to longer working hours and possible tiredness. Employers are encouraged to set clear limits and expectations to help employees keep a healthy balance. For instance, some companies have rules that discourage after-hours emails and encourage regular breaks. Moreover, remote work greatly affects the environment. With fewer employees traveling to work, there is a large reduction in carbon pollution, which decreases overall pollution. Companies recognize the importance of being eco-friendly and include remote work as part of their social responsibility efforts. Overall, remote work is changing business practices. Companies are finding new ways to support employees, balancing cost savings and freedom with the challenges of loneliness and work-life balance. This shift offers opportunities to adopt more green and employee-friendly practices. 1.What is the benefit of remote work for small to mid-sized businesses? A. Increased diversity in hiring. B. Improved employee teamwork. C. Faster response to market changes. D. Lower costs for office-related expenses. 2.What should companies focus on to keep employees productive remotely? A. Offering more training. B. Planning in-person events. C. Letting employees choose work hours. D. Spending on online communication tools. 3.What is a main challenge employees face in remote work? A. Lacking job security. B. Managing work-life balance. C. Attending too many social events. D. Finding affordable transportation. 4.What is one positive impact of remote work according to the passage? A. It reduces the need for team-building activities. B. It lowers pollution by reducing travel to work. C. It allows employees to spend more time with family. D. It increases productivity by increasing working hours. 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·山东实验中学·期中）With the changing climate across the world, bird species that live in tropical (热带的) areas — specifically in the remote, deep parts of Brazil’s Amazon rainforest — are slowly getting smaller in size. It was found that 80 tropical bird species had experienced a drop in body mass (体重) over the past 40 years. However, why the birds changed in that way was unknown. Therefore, researchers decided to study the records of 15,000 birds living in a rainforest within a few hours’ drive from Manaus in Brazil. The average temperature of the birds’ habitat is 1℃ warmer in the wet season and 1.65℃ warmer in the dry season, compared with that in 40 years ago. What’s more, 13% more rain falls in the wet season and 15% less in the dry season. The birds have lost body mass more sharply after extremely dry or wet seasons. This could be a short-term response to changes in their environment, such as a lack of rainfall causing a drop in the number of insects that the birds feed on. “Mass is a generally good indication of body condition in birds,” says Vitek Jirinec at the Integral Ecology Research Center in California, who led the study. “If they’re simply not getting enough to eat, you’d expect them to lose weight.” Birds of the same species are generally larger in colder areas. The leading theory is that their smaller surface-area-to-volume ratio (表面积和体积比) allows them to better save heat. “The opposite would help smaller species in hot climates to cool and could explain why birds are getting smaller as the climate warms,” says Jirinec. “The physical changes during just four decades show why stopping destroying trees alone won’t prevent the ongoing extinctions of animal species across the world.” says Camila Gomez, a scientist who studies evolutionary changes in birds. “This study also shows how human caused changes in climate are contributing to observed population declines in tropical birds.” says Gomez. 1.According to the first paragraph, what was the purpose of the study? A. To record the changes in birds’ body mass. B. To prepare them for their future migration. C. To find the reason for their weight change. D. To find a way to save the Amazon rainforest. 2.In the study, what habitat changes did researchers find? A. High temperatures are rare. B. Weather gets more extreme. C. Wet seasons are getting drier. D. Rainfall increases in dry seasons. 3.How does Jirinec see the fact that birds are losing weight? A. It helps them lose extra heat. B. It makes them feel less cold. C. It keeps them in good shape. D. It enables them to hide easily. 4.What might be the best title for the text? A. Global Warming Is Threatening the Habits of Birds. B. Tropical Birds Population Is Experiencing a Sharp Drop. C. Tropical Birds Are Struggling to survive Dry Climates. D. Climate Change Is Causing Some Birds to Lose Weight. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·山东泰安第一中学·期中）Mosquitoes (蚊子) carry malaria (疟疾), which kills thousands of people each year. Now some researchers are trying to use genetic engineering (基因工程) to make them into partners in the fight against the disease. For years, public health officials have tried to limit the disease by controlling mosquito populations. “But that approach is short-term,” says Anthony James, a professor of biology and genetics at the University of California, Irvine, “because mosquitoes are very tough little insects, and their populations can quickly increase.” Therefore, James and his colleagues want to try a different approach: making mosquitoes themselves into malaria-fighting warriors, which is completely different from traditional ways of controlling malaria. To understand how it works, it helps to understand the life cycle of malaria. The malaria pathogen (病原体) is a parasite (寄生虫) that grow inside humans. It’s passed via mosquitoes that move from person to person, sucking blood. “If we can make the mosquitoes difficult for the pathogens to survive, we can wipe out the disease,” he says. But making mosquitoes uninviting to malaria is a Herculean task. To solve the problem, the team used a gene-editing technique called CRISPR. They started with genes from mice, whose immune systems do fight human malaria, engineered those genes, and then gave them to the mosquitoes. It turned out the gene-edited mosquitoes worked very well. They reduced the number of parasites in the mosquito before they were passed to a human host. James’ team are now working on planning a field trial, which he hopes could be done on an island or in another isolated location. But genetically changing wild animals does not sit well with environmentalists. “There’s no need to engineer a mosquito,” says Dana Perls, senior program manager for the emerging technology program at the non-profit Friends of the Earth. Perls points out that natural ways to reduce malaria appear to be showing promise, as does a new vaccine (疫苗) against the disease. “Why take unnecessary risks and use mosquitoes that can’t be controlled once sent into the wild?” she asks. 1.What can we know from the second and third paragraphs? A. Mosquitoes can reproduce quickly. B. Mosquitoes can be easily controlled. C. Mosquitoes have killed thousands of people. D. Mosquitoes have been used to fight against malaria. 2.What does the underlined phrase “a Herculean task” in Para.4 mean? A. A great comfort. B. A tough job. C. A narrow escape. D. A key factor. 3.What is environmentalists’ attitude towards this new approach? A. Unconcerned. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Unclear. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Preventing Malaria with a New Vaccine. B. Curing Malaria with Gene-edited mosquitoes. C. Limiting Malaria by Controlling Mosquito Populations D. Controlling Malaria by Engineering Mosquitoes’ Genes / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·山东青岛第二中学·期中）Financial education is not often taught to students in school, so the responsibility falls to the parents. However, many families believe that involving their children in how the family’s finances are handled is taboo. Financial planners, however, believe that involving children in financial matters is actually the best way to begin educating them. “By keeping children away from financial discussions, you are really denying them an education,” says Joseph Oakley, host of the Enjoy More 30s podcast (播客) and a certified financial planner. “You’re denying them a framework to build upon.” Oakley notes that children will finally develop their own financial mindset, which could be influenced by what they see on television, social media, or through their friends. When they get their first job, they’ll likely lack experience in handling finances because they don’t know enough about managing their money. According to Oakley, it is up to parents to teach them how to develop those skills. Learning financial responsibility doesn’t have to be formal, Oakley says. Instead, it can be about showing children how to handle everyday money tasks, like paying bills online or using credit cards wisely. Another example is teaching them about spending now or saving for later, such as saving money for a vacation. While childhood financial education is crucial, Oakley reveals a systemic imbalance: Over 80% of financial resources serve people preparing for retirement because that’s where most of the assets (资产) are. He stresses the importance of working with a financial planner when you are a young adult because waiting to speak to someone when you’re close to retirement could affect your financial plans. He says it is easier for younger people to make life-changing decisions and adjust their paths. To hear more financial advice from Joseph Oakley on other topics, like how to set the right goals for financial success, check out our podcast K12 On Learning, available wherever you download your podcasts. 1.What do many parents think of involving children in family financial matters? A. It is a good way to educate children. B. It is an important life skill to develop. C. It is something that should be avoided. D. It is an act that is morally wrong to the whole society. 2.What’s the impact on children if they are kept out of financial discussions according to Oakley? A. Tending to be financially inexperienced. B. Lacking necessary life-planning skills. C. Developing a good financial mindset. D. Getting well-prepared for their first job. 3.What is Oakley’s advice on parents’ educating children about finances? A. Figure out schools’ duties. B. Make financial plans for children. C. Attach importance to formal instructions. D. Offer real-life examples for informal education. 4.What is the purpose of mentioning the podcast K12 On Learning? A. To promote a new book by Joseph Oakley. B. To discuss the guidelines of financial goal-setting. C. To allow listeners easy access to Oakley’s advice. D. To criticize existing financial education podcasts. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨儿童金融教育的重要性，指出学校较少教授相关内容，而许多家庭视其为禁忌，理财规划师则建议家长通过日常实例开展非正式教育。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, many families believe that involving their children in how the family’s finances are handled is taboo.(然而，许多家庭认为让孩子参与家庭财务处理是禁忌。)”可知，“taboo”意为“禁忌”，即许多家长认为应避免让孩子参与家庭财务事务。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When they get their first job, they’ll likely lack experience in handling finances because they don’t know enough about managing their money.(当他们得到第一份工作时，他们可能缺乏处理财务的经验，因为他们对理财了解不够。)”可知，Oakley认为如果不让孩子参与财务讨论，他们长大后会缺乏财务处理经验。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Learning financial responsibility doesn’t have to be formal, Oakley says. Instead, it can be about showing children how to handle everyday money tasks, like paying bills online or using credit cards wisely.(Oakley说，学习财务责任不一定需要正式的方式。相反，它可以是向孩子展示如何处理日常财务事务，比如网上缴费或明智地使用信用卡。)”可知，Oakley建议家长通过日常实际例子对孩子进行非正式的金融教育。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“To hear more financial advice from Joseph Oakley on other topics, like how to set the right goals for financial success, check out our podcast K12 On Learning, available wherever you download your podcasts.(想要聆听约瑟夫・奥克利更多关于其他话题的财务建议 —— 例如如何为财务成功设定正确目标 —— 请收听我们的播客《K12 On Learning》，你可在任何播客下载平台获取该节目，在任何你下载播客的平台都能找到。)”可知，提及该播客的目的是为听众提供获取Oakley更多财务建议的便捷途径。故选C项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·山东日照·期中）Despite the rise of digital technology, the world is still hungry for paper. Between four and eight billion trees are cut down every year to meet demand. When he was just 16 and still at school, Valentyn Frechka wanted to reduce deforestation and find an alternative to cellulose (纤维素) — paper’s main raw material. While hiking in the Carpathian Mountains, he wondered if fallen leaves could be the answer. In 2021, after three years of testing in school laboratories, Frechka met a businessman named Alexander Sobolenko. “We decided to start Releaf Paper as a commercial project. He showed his innovation at several international school Olympiads in the United States, South Korea and Kenya, and received positive feedback from everyone.” Sobolenko explains. The idea is as simple as it is attractive. Releaf Paper turns what is normally green waste into a brand-new product. The word “Releaf” is a homophone of the start-up’s mission: to provide relief to the environment. “We cooperate with big cities,” Sobolenko says. “The leaves are delivered to our production center, and we do some basic cleaning, washing and drying, and then, we granulate (制成颗粒) it, so that we can use the leaves throughout the year.” The granules are turned into pulp (浆), similar to wood pulp, which paper factories use to produce paper. Cities collect fallen leaves and, normally, compost or burn them. Releaf Paper offers a more environmentally friendly solution. “Sometimes, leaves are stored for six months or more, before being composted, and that creates emissions,” says Sobolenko. “We help cities get rid of leaves for free. Our production causes very low CO2 emissions.” What does the future hold? Sobolenko is developing plans to expand internationally. “There are countries with a lot of tropical fruit waste — pineapples and bananas, for example,” he explains. “We found that, with pineapple, we can make paper and produce hygiene products, such as tissues and toilet paper. The technology is the same, but the yield of the fibers is different.” 1.Why did Valentyn Frechka want to find an alternative to cellulose? A. To invent a new type of paper. B. To protect forests. C. To reduce the production cost. D. To earn enough money. 2.What can we learn about Releaf Paper from the passage? A. It transforms fallen leaves into pulp. B. It collects fallen leaves at a high cost. C. It was started by Alexander Sobolenko. D. It has been launched in several countries. 3.What does paragraph 4 talk about? A. The method of storing fallen leaves. B. Releaf Paper’s working process. C. Releaf Paper’s environmental benefits. D. The contributions to city economy. 4.What is Sobolenko’s plan for the future of Releaf Paper? A. To focus mainly on paper products. B. To widen raw materials globally. C. To replace leaves with fruit waste. D. To shift from cities to farming regions. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一位16岁少年致力于解决纸短缺问题，并经过三年实验，与一位商人合伙创立 Releaf Paper，将落叶转化为纸，从而保护环境和林木的故事。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“When he was just 16 and still at school, Valentyn Frechka wanted to reduce deforestation and find an alternative to cellulose (纤维素) — paper’s main raw material.(在年仅16岁、还在上学的时候，瓦伦廷·弗雷奇卡就想要减少森林砍伐，并寻找一种替代纤维素（纸张的主要原料）的材料)”可知，他这样做的主要目的是保护林木，故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段““The leaves are delivered to our production center, and we do some basic cleaning, washing and drying, and then, we granulate (制成颗粒) it, so that we can use the leaves throughout the year.” The granules are turned into pulp (浆), similar to wood pulp, which paper factories use to produce paper.( 这些树叶会被运送到我们的生产中心，然后我们会进行一些基础的清洁、清洗和干燥处理，接着将其粉碎，这样我们就能全年使用这些树叶了。这些颗粒会被制成类似木浆的纸浆，而造纸厂正是用这种纸浆来生产纸张的)”可知，Releaf Paper主要是把落叶转化为纸浆，故选A。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Cities collect fallen leaves and, normally, compost or burn them. Releaf Paper offers a more environmentally friendly solution. “Sometimes, leaves are stored for six months or more, before being composted, and that creates emissions,” says Sobolenko. “We help cities get rid of leaves for free. Our production causes very low CO2 emissions.”(城市会收集落叶，并通常会对其进行堆肥处理或焚烧处理。而 Releaf 纸则提供了一种更环保的解决方案。“有时，落叶会被存放六个月或更长时间，然后再进行堆肥处理，这会产生排放物。”索博连科说道。“我们帮助城市免费处理落叶。我们的生产过程产生的二氧化碳排放量非常低。”)”可知，本段主要讲述了Releaf Paper的环境效益，故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Sobolenko is developing plans to expand internationally. “There are countries with a lot of tropical fruit waste — pineapples and bananas, for example,” he explains. “We found that, with pineapple, we can make paper and produce hygiene products, such as tissues and toilet paper. The technology is the same, but the yield of the fibers is different.”(索博连科正在制定拓展国际业务的计划。他解释道：“有些国家有大量的热带水果废弃物——比如菠萝和香蕉。我们发现，对于菠萝来说，我们可以将其制成纸张，并生产卫生用品，比如纸巾和卫生纸。技术是一样的，但纤维的产出量有所不同。”)”可知，未来 Releaf Paper 将扩充原材料来源并开拓全球市场。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·山东济南第一中学·期中）Alexsandrah is a fashion model (模特) in London. She has a twin, but her twin is not her sister. The twin is a product of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Whenever Alexsandrah is not available to work with a photographer, the virtual twin takes her place. Alexandrah’s twin is an example of how computer images are influencing creative industries. The companies that make clothing say using AI prevents people from buying their products, trying them on at home, and then sending them back if they dislike them. It could help a buyer make more sensible decisions, cutting down on product returns and waste. The fashion industry has often been arguing about using models who are only white or tall or who fit one idea of beauty. Activists for including many groups in fashion say some companies could seem like they are employing minorities (少数). Levi Strauss is an American clothing company known for its blue jeans. In March 2023, the company said it would be testing AI-generated models. The aim was to show how its clothing looks on people of all shapes and sizes. But the company said it would not reduce its use of human models, for it would not replace humans with AI at the cost of the action toward its “diversity, equity and inclusion goals.” Others in the fashion industry are fully using AI. The Diigitals, a company in Britain, helped the human model Alexsandrah, who has worked in fashion shows as a real-life version of the AI model. “These are the pioneers. I’m proud of my work,” Alexsandrah said. Other models don’t feel good about AI. Yve Edmond works as a “fit model”. She tries on clothes for companies that want to see how their designs fit a real person. She worries that AI modeling companies are using images and videos of real people to train their system. She calls that a violation (侵犯) because humans are not being paid for their part in the technology. Edmond said she was called for photo shooting, but there were no new clothes. She was asked to move her body in certain ways and walk for a recording. 1.What is the function of Alexsandrah’s twin? A. Relieving the shortage of photographers. B. Providing inspiration for fashion models. C. Filling in for Alexsandrah in photo shoots. D. Promoting Alexsandrah’s popularity in modeling. 2.Why did Levi Strauss introduce AI models? A. To stick to its common belief. B. To make its products broadened. C. To avoid its dependence on human models. D. To demonstrate its clothes on all human figures. 3.What is Yve Edmond’s opinion on AI modeling companies? A. They ignore human models’ efforts. B. They help the human model Alexsandrah. C. They simply take away from human work. D. They can be accepted as a way out for the fashion industry. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Human Models Are Facing Threat from AI B. AI Makes Its Far-reaching Influence on Clothing Design C. Clothing Fashion Varies with Technological Development D. The Clothing Industry Wonders about the Effect of AI on Models 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。本文介绍AI模特在时尚行业的应用：可替代真人工作、助品牌展示多元身形，同时也引发了模特对自身劳动权益被侵犯的担忧。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Whenever Alexsandrah is not available to work with a photographer, the virtual twin takes her place.(每当亚历山德拉无法与摄影师合作时，这个虚拟的“双胞胎”就会代替她进行工作)”可知，亚历山德拉的双胞胎姐妹在拍摄照片时代替亚历山德拉。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“The aim was to show how its clothing looks on people of all shapes and sizes.(其目的是展示该品牌的服装在各种体型的人身上所呈现出的效果)”可知，莱维·斯特劳斯引入人工智能模型以便在所有人体模型上展示其服装。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“She worries that AI modeling companies are using images and videos of real people to train their system. She calls that a violation because humans are not being paid for their part in the technology.(她担心一些人工智能模型公司正在利用真实人物的图像和视频来训练他们的系统。她认为这是一种违规行为，因为这些人在该技术中所发挥的作用并未获得报酬)”可知，伊夫·埃德蒙认为人工智能模特公司忽视了人类模特的努力。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Alexsandrah is a fashion model in London. She has a twin, but her twin is not her sister. The twin is a product of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Whenever Alexsandrah is not available to work with a photographer, the virtual twin takes her place. Alexsandrah’s twin is an example of how computer images are influencing creative industries.(亚历山德拉是一位在伦敦工作的时尚模特。她有一个双胞胎姐妹，但这个双胞胎并非她的亲姐妹。这个双胞胎是人工智能的产物。每当亚历山德拉无法与摄影师合作时，这个虚拟的双胞胎就会代替她工作。亚历山德拉的这个双胞胎形象展示了计算机图像如何影响创意产业)”结合本文介绍AI模特在时尚行业的应用：可替代真人工作、助品牌展示多元身形，同时也引发了模特对自身劳动权益被侵犯的担忧。可知，D选项“服装行业对人工智能对模特的影响感到疑惑”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·山东济南第一中学·期中）Since ancient times, food has been a base for cultures worldwide. It is important for our survival, which is why attention on food is a universal rule that connects us all. To feed our hungry brains, our ancestors invented fire and cooking, which passed digestion to culture. In fact, a culture’s food vocabulary is a window into its values and priorities. The cultural psychologist Paul Rozin has found that when French and American research participants are asked what comes to mind when thinking of fried eggs, the French say “breakfast” while Americans say “cholesterol (胆固醇) ”. The French think of the cooking experience; Americans think of what is entering the bloodstream. Sometimes, slurping (出声地吃) noodles is seen as the preferred way to interact with the delicious dish. There is a great scene in Juzo Itami’s film, Tampopo (1985) where a group of women in a hotel are being taught table manners and told to eat their Italian pasta noodles slowly and quietly. Another diner sitting nearby happily is slurping his noodles and the joy he gets from audibly (声音地) and physically interacting with his food is infectious. Before they know it, even the teacher is also slurping her noodles. Besides, specific dishes never represent an unchanging tradition. “My grandma’s Egg Foo Young looks and tastes completely different from what you might find in a restaurant or in somebody else’s home. After asking about her version, I realized that she learned how to make it by picking up different cooking styles as she traveled from Jiangxi, Macao, and Hong Kong,” said Shirley Ting, a Canadian researcher. If we treat culture as a defined thing, then we can see food as an important part of culture — food practices and traditions help communicate cultural values, reproduce those values over time and across generations, and help improve a group’s sense of having a distinct identity, different from other groups. 1.What may we learn from Paul Rozin’s research on food? A. Food vocabulary increases with cultural exchanges. B. People have the same food-related health concerns. C. Different cultures prioritize different aspects of food. D. Americans and the French have similar cooking methods. 2.Why does the author mention the scene in Tampopo? A. To highlight different food preferences. B. To stress the appeal of pleasurable dining. C. To criticize rude manners in public places. D. To compare dining habits in films and daily life. 3.Which function of food is referred to in the last paragraph? A. Passing down traditional cooking techniques. B. Encouraging cultural appreciation globally. C. Presenting cultural gaps and differences. D. Strengthening cultural values and uniqueness. 4.What does the text mainly talk about? A. Diet can impact health. B. Food is a bridge to culture. C. Noodles can be a cultural symbol. D. Global views are different about food trends. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食物是文化的基础，食物的词汇是一个了解其价值观和优先级的窗口，食物是文化的重要组成部分。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The cultural psychologist Paul Rozin has found that when French and American research participants are asked what comes to mind when thinking of fried eggs, the French say “breakfast” while Americans say “cholesterol (胆固醇) ”. The French think of the cooking experience; Americans think of what is entering the bloodstream.( 文化心理学家保罗·罗津（Paul Rozin）发现，当法国和美国的研究参与者被问及想到煎蛋时脑海中浮现的是什么时，法国人说是“早餐”，而美国人说是“胆固醇”。法国人想到的是烹饪体验；美国人考虑的是进入血液的是什么)”可知，法国人想到的是烹饪体验，而美国人想到的是食物进入血液后对健康的影响。这表明不同文化对食物的关注点不同，即不同文化在食物的不同方面有优先考虑的点。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Another diner sitting nearby happily is slurping his noodles and the joy he gets from audibly (声音地) and physically interacting with his food is infectious. Before they know it, even the teacher is also slurping her noodles.( 另一位坐在附近的食客正在开心地吃着面条，他从声音和身体上与食物互动中获得的快乐是有传染性的。在他们意识到之前，就连老师也在吃面条时发出声音)”可知，旁边一位食客开心地出声吃面条，他从与食物的互动中获得的快乐是有感染力的，甚至老师也受影响开始出声吃面条。这强调了愉快用餐的吸引力。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“food practices and traditions help communicate cultural values, reproduce those values over time and across generations, and help improve a group’s sense of having a distinct identity, different from other groups.( 饮食习惯和传统有助于文化价值观的交流，随着时间的推移和代际的变化，这些价值观得以复制，并有助于提高一个群体的独特身份感，与其他群体不同)”可知，食物习俗和传统有助于传达文化价值观，在时间和代际间传承这些价值观，并有助于提升一个群体有别于其他群体的独特身份感。这体现了食物加强文化价值观和独特性的功能。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段指出食物是世界各地文化的基础，能将人们联系起来；接着通过保罗・罗津的研究、电影《蒲公英》中的场景以及不同人对菜肴的不同做法等例子，阐述了食物与文化的关系；最后一段总结食物习俗和传统对传达文化价值观、提升群体独特身份感的作用。所以文章主要讲述的是食物是连接文化的桥梁。故选B项。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·山东泰安宁阳县第四中学·期中）Amazon recently announced its latest launch, a robot called Astro. Small in size, but with impressive technology, Astro is seemingly similar to Amazon’s popular virtual assistant. With all the same capabilities as Alexa, many critics are asking why there’s a need for Astro. Answering this question, Amazon’s Vice-President of Products, Charlie Tritschler, highlights some unique features of Astro that make it a different kind of robot. Astro can move on its own and follow people, offering consumers a far broader range of options. Besides, it can monitor home security. Astro uses Artificial Intelligence to learn more about household members by interacting with users. Users can also register themselves and others into its recognition system. When they leave home, they can make an away mode, which means “Sentry (哨兵) Mode”, or “Patrol Mode” start working. If someone who is not recognized enters the house, Astro will follow and record them. Astro’s mobility seems to be the key feature in its technological enhancement, but what appeals to people most is its “unique persona”. Its big, circular, blinking “eyes” displayed on its screen-like head making it look rather cute are a big reason for this. Years of research show that humans often experience positive emotional connections with robots. According to MIT’s technology review of Astro, it may not fall far from this observation. People have come to love robotic pets, though they are fully aware that the pets are lifeless. Robots at home can play a useful role in helping elderly patients fight loneliness or young children face social anxiety. Amazon is offering people interested in Astro the chance to sign up for Day 1 Editions, a program giving invitations to Astro as soon as it goes on the market later this year. Tritschler is encouraging people to personalize the robot when it becomes available, and he is confident that users will come up with more ideas and features they will want to see in the robot in the near future to make it even better. 1.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The convenient operation of Astro. B. The essential functions of Astro. C. The increasing popularity of Astro. D. The distinctive capabilities of Astro. 2.Which aspect of Astro attracts people most? A. Its recognition system. B. Its ability to move on its own. C. Its adorable appearance. D. Its ability to monitor home security. 3.What is Tritschler’s attitude to the future of Astro? A. Critical. B. Positive. C. Uncertain. D. Doubtful. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Astro: A Robot Assistant B. The New Revolution of AI C. Astro: An Emotional Relief D. The Great Potential of Robots 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是亚马逊最近发布的一款名为Astro的机器人。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Answering this question, Amazon’s Vice-President of Products, Charlie Tritschler, highlights some unique features of Astro that make it a different kind of robot.(在回答这个问题时，亚马逊产品副总裁Charlie Tritschler强调了Astro的一些独特功能，使其成为一种不同的机器人。)”结合下文中介绍的Astro的一些独特的功能可知，本段主要介绍的是Astro的一些独特的功能。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的：“Its big, circular, blinking “eyes” displayed on its screen-like head making it look rather cute are a big reason for this.(它像屏幕一样的头上长着大大的、圆形的、闪烁的“眼睛”，这让它看起来相当可爱，这是一个重要的原因。)”可知，Astro头上长着的大大的、圆形的、闪烁的“眼睛”让他看起来很可爱，由此可知，Astro最吸引人的是它可爱的外表。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Tritschler is encouraging people to personalize the robot when it becomes available, and he is confident that users will come up with more ideas and features they will want to see in the robot in the near future to make it even better.(特里奇勒鼓励人们在机器人可用时对其进行个性化设计，他相信在不久的将来，用户会提出更多的想法和功能，让机器人变得更好。)”可知，Tritschler相信在不久的将来，用户会提出更多的想法和功能，让机器人变得更好，由此可知，Tritschler对Astro的未来持乐观的态度。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Amazon recently announced its latest launch, a robot called Astro. Small in size, but with impressive technology, Astro is seemingly similar to Amazon’s popular virtual assistant.(亚马逊最近发布了一款名为Astro的机器人。Astro体积小，但技术令人印象深刻，看起来与亚马逊流行的虚拟助手类似。)”结合下文中的介绍的Astro的独特的功能以及对机器人未来发展情况的介绍可知，本文主要介绍的是亚马逊推出的一款称为Astro的机器人，所以题目“Astro：机器人助手”与本文的内容吻合，且可以概括本文的主题，适合作为本文的最佳题目。故选A项。 主题语境03 人与自然-环境 （25-26高一上·山东菏泽第一中学·期中）Sweden is one of the world’s northernmost countries. In the country, you are sure to notice that there isn’t much rubbish in the streets. This is because a love of nature is deeply fixed in the hearts of all Swedish people, and their respect for nature has created an environmentally friendly society. The Swedish like being out in nature and they know what we need to do to protect nature and the environment. They know they are supposed to recycle (回收利用) and reuse things instead of throwing them outdoors. Sweden is so good at recycling that, for several years, it has imported (进口) rubbish from other countries to keep its recycling factories going. Why do other countries send waste to Sweden? Their looking after the environment. Over time, Sweden has developed a national recycling policy. Even though private companies are in charge of most of the business of importing and burning waste, the energy produced during the process goes into a national heating network to heat homes through the cold winter. Sweden is one of the first countries to put a heavy tax (税) on fossil fuels (化石燃料) like coal, oil and natural gas. It plans to become world’s first country to fully stop using them. With the recycling system, Sweden can make good use of the heat from the waste plants instead of letting it disappear into the air. And in part, it helps cut down the use of fossil fuels. 1.Why is there little rubbish in Sweden’s streets? A. The government hires many people to clean the streets. B. Swedish people have a deep love for nature and respect it. C. There are strict laws against throwing rubbish outdoors. D. Most rubbish is sent to other countries for treatment. 2.What do we know about Sweden’s recycling plants? A. They stop working when there is not enough local rubbish. B. They only process the rubbish produced in Sweden. C. They are all managed by the Swedish government. D. They need to import rubbish from other countries to operate. 3.How does Sweden use the energy from burning waste? A. It is used to power recycling plants. B. It is sent to a national heating network to heat homes. C. It is stored for future use in summer. D. It is used to produce fossil fuels. 4.What is Sweden’s plan regarding fossil fuels? A. To use more fossil fuels to heat homes. B. To import more fossil fuels from other countries. C. To lower the tax on fossil fuels to encourage use. D. To become the first country to stop using them completely. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍瑞典街道整洁的原因，及其在回收利用、化石燃料管控等方面的环保举措。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This is because a love of nature is deeply fixed in the hearts of all Swedish people, and their respect for nature has created an environmentally friendly society. (这是因为对自然的热爱深深植根于所有瑞典人的心中，他们对自然的尊重造就了一个环保的社会)”可知，瑞典街道上垃圾少是因为瑞典人深爱并尊重自然。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Sweden is so good at recycling that, for several years, it has imported rubbish from other countries to keep its recycling factories going. (瑞典非常擅长回收利用，多年来，它一直从其他国家进口垃圾，以维持其回收工厂的运转)”可知，瑞典的回收工厂需要从其他国家进口垃圾才能正常运营。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Even though private companies are in charge of most of the business of importing and burning waste, the energy produced during the process goes into a national heating network to heat homes through the cold winter. (尽管私营公司负责大部分进口和焚烧垃圾的业务，但过程中产生的能源会进入国家供暖网络，在寒冷的冬天为家庭供暖)”可知，焚烧垃圾产生的能源会被送入国家供暖网络为家庭供暖。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“It plans to become world’s first country to fully stop using them. (它计划成为世界上第一个完全停止使用化石燃料的国家)”可知，瑞典的计划是成为第一个完全停止使用化石燃料的国家。故选D项。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·山东青岛第五十八中学·期中）Unclear guidelines for when to keep a child at home if they are sick might play a part in the nationwide problem of students missing too much school. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is an organization (组织) for doctors who treat children. It suggests that children stay at home when there are signs of sickness like fever, or when students are not well enough to attend classes. But many schools go far beyond that, offering different signs of sickness that would stop parents from sending their children to school. Trenace has a five-year-old daughter who was sick a lot last year. The mother followed school guidelines and kept her daughter home when she had a cough, painful throat, or fever. Near the end of the year, school officials called her in to talk about why her daughter had missed so much school. “In the past, if the child didn’t have a fever, then it’s okay to send them to school,” said the mother. “But now it’s like if they have a cough, you have to keep them home. Which is it?” Children who missed school a lot found it more difficult to catch up. Missing 10 percent or more of the school year puts students at risk. Students who miss school also might miss meals, socializing with other students and teachers, physical exercise, and health care services. Recently, the state of California decided to change their stay-at-home guideline for the autumn. The new guideline says children with low-level signs of sickness can come to school. Noha Aboelata, who leads the Roots Health Centre in Oakland, California, said the change in guidance might make a big difference. She hoped that parents and schools will learn about the new guidance and that students will miss less school. “The most important place for our kids to be is school,” she said. 1.What’s the function of the first paragraph? A. To voice worries. B. To express thanks. C. To offer a suggestion. D. To introduce the topic. 2.What can we infer about the health guidelines in each school? A. They were difficult to follow. B. They were well received. C. They troubled many parents. D. They put teachers at risk. 3.What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us about missing school? A. Its lasting value. B. Its bad influence. C. Its background. D. Its common cause. 4.What does Noha Aboelata say about the new rule? A. It will play an active role. B. It will come to an end soon. C. It will make no sense to kids. D. It will leave parents surprised. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于学生因病缺课的问题，特别是不同学校健康指南的差异及其对学生的影响，以及最近加州对此做出的新规定。文章通过具体例子和专家意见来解释问题，旨在向读者提供相关信息和背景，帮助理解学生因病缺课现象及其背后的原因。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章第一段“Unclear guidelines for when to keep a child at home if they are sick might play a part in the nationwide problem of students missing too much school. (当孩子生病时，不明确的指导方针可能是造成学生旷课过多的全国性问题的部分原因。)”和第二段“The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is an organization (组织) for doctors who treat children. It suggests that children stay at home when there are signs of sickness like fever, or when students are not well enough to attend classes. But many schools go far beyond that, offering different signs of sickness that would stop parents from sending their children to school. (美国儿科学会（AAP）是一个由治疗儿童的医生组成的组织。它建议，当孩子们出现发烧等疾病迹象时，或者当学生身体不适无法上课时，就应该呆在家里。但许多学校的做法远不止于此，还提供了不同的疾病迹象，让家长们不愿意送孩子上学。)”可知，首段主要提到了关于何时让孩子因病留在家中的指导方针不明确，这可能是导致全国范围内学生旷课过多问题的一部分，下文对此问题进行详细阐述；由此可知，第一段的作用是为了引入话题。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章第二段“But many schools go far beyond that, offering different signs of sickness that would stop parents from sending their children to school.(但许多学校的做法远不止于此，还提供了不同的疾病迹象，让家长们不愿意送孩子上学。)”以及文章第三段中““In the past, if the child didn’t have a fever, then it’s okay to send them to school,” said the mother. “But now it’s like if they have a cough, you have to keep them home. Which is it?” (‘在过去，如果孩子不发烧，就可以送他们去上学。’这位母亲说：‘但现在，如果他们咳嗽，你就得让他们呆在家里。到底是哪一个呢？’)”可知，学校不同的健康指南让家长们感到困扰。故选C。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。由文章第四段“Children who missed school a lot found it more difficult to catch up. Missing 10 percent or more of the school year puts students at risk. Students who miss school also might miss meals, socializing with other students and teachers, physical exercise, and health care services. (经常缺课的孩子发现要赶上进度更加困难。一学年缺课10%或以上会使学生处于危险之中。缺课的学生也可能会错过吃饭、与其他学生和老师的社交、体育锻炼和医疗服务。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了旷课对学生的影响。故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Noha Aboelata, who leads the Roots Health Centre in Oakland, California, said the change in guidance might make a big difference. She hoped that parents and schools will learn about the new guidance and that students will miss less school. “The most important place for our kids to be is school,” she said. (Noha Aboelata是加州奥克兰Roots健康中心的负责人，他说指导方针的改变可能会产生很大的影响。她希望家长和学校能了解新的指导方针，这样学生就能少缺课。‘对我们的孩子来说，最重要的地方是学校，’她说。)”可知，Noha Aboelata认为新的健康指导规定将发挥积极作用，希望家长和学校能够了解新的指导方针，从而使学生减少旷课。故选A。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·山东泰安第一中学·期中）Surgeons often emphasize that in the event of a heart attack, time is crucial for saving heart muscle. The heart relies on a continuous supply of oxygen delivered by the heart’s blood vessels (血管). When these vessels become blocked, the oxygen supply stops, and the heart's muscle cells begin to die within minutes. Survivors of heart attacks frequently suffer from permanent heart failure, with a worrying statistic showing that 50% of them may not survive beyond five years. “Eventually, their hearts become so weak that they can't sustain sufficient blood flow, and they ultimately stop,” explains Sanjay Sinha, a cardiologist at Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge. However, within the next five years, there could be a new alternative — to grow live, beating “heart patches” (补丁). Sinha, along with a team of biologists at the University of Cambridge’s Stem Cell Institute, is working on this innovative approach. These heart patches are tiny, beating pieces of heart muscle. They are grown in lab dishes over a month. The process begins by taking blood cells and reprogramming them into a specific type of stem cell capable of developing into any cell type within the human body. Sinha is currently preparing to test these patches, first in mice and then in pigs. If successful, he hopes to set up a human trial within five years. In the United States, scientists from Stanford University are also working on creating heart patches. They envision a future procedure where ultrasound and MRI (超声波和核磁共振) scans are used to identify damaged sections. Based on the shape of the section, a custom heart patch would be 3D printed to fit perfectly. Surgeons would then open the chest area and attach the patch directly to the heart. The major challenge with this method is establishing “electrical connectivity” between the new patch and the existing heart to ensure they beat in harmony. Additionally, the cost of developing and using these patches is significant, which could impact accessibility. However, if these challenges can be overcome, Sinha is optimistic that heart patches could transform the lives of millions worldwide. 1.What is the function of paragraph I? A. To reveal a finding. B. To offer a solution. C. To present a problem. D. To outline a research. 2.What is the first step in growing heart patches? A. Launching a clinical trial in humans. B. Testing the heart patches on animals. C. Culturing heart patches in lab dishes. D. Generating stem cells from blood cells. 3.What is the purpose of using ultrasound and MRI scans? A. To create a 3D model of the heart. B. To locate damaged areas in the heart. C. To design the shape of the custom heart. D. To provide real-time guidance for operations. 4.What is the major challenge in employing heart patches? A. Promoting global accessibility. B. Reducing production costs. C. Securing functional integration. D. Finding a suitable material. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了关于治疗心脏病的一种新方法——培育“心脏补丁”的研究进展。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“ Survivors of heart attacks frequently suffer from permanent heart failure, with a worrying statistic showing that 50% of them may not survive beyond five years. “Eventually, their hearts become so weak that they can't sustain sufficient blood flow, and they ultimately stop,” explains Sanjay Sinha, a cardiologist at Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge.(心脏病发作的幸存者经常遭受永久性心力衰竭，一项令人担忧的统计数据显示，其中50%的人可能活不过5年。剑桥阿登布鲁克医院的心脏病专家桑杰·辛哈解释说：“最终，他们的心脏变得非常虚弱，无法维持足够的血液流动，最终停止跳动。”)”可知，本段通过数据揭示了当前心脏病治疗后的严峻问题，为后文介绍“心脏补丁”解决方案做铺垫。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The process begins by taking blood cells and reprogramming them into a specific type of stem cell capable of developing into any cell type within the human body.(这个过程首先是将血液细胞重新编程为一种特定类型的干细胞，这种干细胞能够在人体内发育成任何类型的细胞)”可知，培育心脏补丁的第一步是从血细胞中生成干细胞。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“They envision a future procedure where ultrasound and MRI (超声波和核磁共振) scans are used to identify damaged sections.(他们设想了一种未来的程序，利用超声波和核磁共振扫描来识别受损部位)”可知，使用超声波和核磁共振扫描的目的是定位心脏受损部位。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The major challenge with this method is establishing “electrical connectivity” between the new patch and the existing heart to ensure they beat in harmony.(这种方法的主要挑战是在新的贴片和现有心脏之间建立“电连接”，以确保它们和谐地跳动)”可知，使用心脏贴片的主要挑战是确保补丁与原有心脏的电信号同步，即功能整合。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·山东淄博·期中）Nowadays generative (生成的) AI tools like ChatGPT are flooding into schools, promising to transform learning. But in a recent study, researchers uncovered a hidden danger: the better these tools perform, the more they might drop students’ ability to think by themselves. Nearly 1,000 students from grade 9 to 11 in Turkey joined the study. They were divided into three groups: one with no AI access (使用权) — the control group, one using ChatGPT, and one using GPT Tutor — an improved AI tutor designed by teachers which gave guidance instead of answers and included fixes for common mistakes. Over four weeks, students used these tools during practice periods, and then were followed by exams without AI help. During practice periods, students using the ChatGPT scored 48% higher than those without AI. Those using the improved GPT Tutor scored 127% higher. However, in exams without AI, ChatGPT users performed 17% worse than the control group. GPT Tutor users, on the other hand, did just as well as students who never used AI. This shows that while AI can better shortterm performance, poorly designed tools might hurt real learning. Researchers found that students using ChatGPT often asked for direct answers instead of trying to solve problems themselves. About 31% of their messages were simple requests like, “What’s the’answer?” In comparison, GPT Tutor users spent more time asking for guidance or explaining their details. The safeguards in GPT Tutor — like detailed guidance — helped students think critically. Without these features, ChatGPT acted like a “crutch”, making students less prepared for their own homework. Surveys also showed another fact. ChatGPT users felt confident about their exam performance, even though their scores dropped. GPT Tutor users believed they learned more, even though their exam results were similar to the control group. This suggests that AI tools might create false confidence if not carefully designed. In short, generative AI has great promise in education, but its design matters. Tools built with teacher expertise and focus on problem-solving can help students learn. Those that prioritize speed over understanding might do more harm than good. 1.Which aspect of generative AI tools does the new research focus on? A. Its advancement. B. Its accuracy. C. Its flexibility. D. Its influence. 2.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Experimental design. B. Study results. C. Research background. D. Tool functions. 3.Which request is a student using GPT Tutor likely to make? A. Grade the monthly test paper quickly. B. Provide the best title of my composition. C. Walk me through this problem step by step. D. Translate the following sentence into Chinese. 4.What do the surveys concerning AI tools present in paragraph 5? A. A misunderstanding of the product design contents. B. A mismatch between student beliefs and actual results. C. Confidence is directly affected by complexity of AI tools. D. Scores differ between ChatGPT users and the control group. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现人工智能工具会降低学生独立思考的能力，解释了研究开展的经过以及发现。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“But in a recent study, researchers uncovered a hidden danger: the better these tools perform, the more they might drop students’ ability to think by themselves.(但在最近的一项研究中，研究人员发现了一个隐藏的危险：这些工具的性能越好，它们就越有可能降低学生独立思考的能力)”可知，新的研究集中在生成式人工智能工具的影响方面。故选D。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Nearly 1,000 students from grade 9 to 11 in Turkey joined the study. They were divided into three groups: one with no AI access (使用权) — the control group, one using ChatGPT, and one using GPT Tutor — an improved AI tutor designed by teachers which gave guidance instead of answers and included fixes for common mistakes. Over four weeks, students used these tools during practice periods, and then were followed by exams without AI help.(土耳其近1000名9年级到11年级的学生参加了这项研究。他们被分为三组：一组没有人工智能访问——对照组，一组使用ChatGPT，一组使用GPT导师——一种由教师设计的改进的人工智能导师，提供指导而不是答案，并包括对常见错误的修复。在四周的时间里，学生们在练习期间使用这些工具，然后在没有人工智能帮助的情况下进行考试)”可知，第二段的主要内容是实验设计。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“In comparison, GPT Tutor users spent more time asking for guidance or explaining their details. The safeguards in GPT Tutor — like detailed guidance — helped students think critically. Without these features, ChatGPT acted like a “crutch”, making students less prepared for their own homework.(相比之下，GPT Tutor的用户花更多的时间寻求指导或解释他们的细节。GPT Tutor的保障措施——比如详细的指导——帮助学生批判性地思考。没有这些功能，ChatGPT就像一根“拐杖”，让学生对自己的作业准备不足)”可知，GPT Tutor的用户花更多的时间寻求指导或解释他们的细节。由此推知，使用GPT Tutor的学生可能会提出“一步一步地告诉我这个问题”。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“Surveys also showed another fact. ChatGPT users felt confident about their exam performance, even though their scores dropped. GPT Tutor users believed they learned more, even though their exam results were similar to the control group. (调查还显示了另一个事实。ChatGPT的用户对他们的考试表现很有信心，即使他们的分数下降了。GPT导师的用户认为他们学到了更多，即使他们的考试成绩与对照组相似)”可知，关于人工智能工具的调查是学生的信念和实际结果不匹配。故选B。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·山东百师联盟·期中）As more and more students use AI to help with schoolwork, we still aren’t sure about the effect it’s having on learning. To look into this, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) asked 54 people aged 18 to 39 to write three essays (文章) in 20 minutes. One group wrote all three essays with the help of popular AI chatbot ChatGPT. Another group used only the Internet for help, with AI answers turned off. And a third group used no outside sources at all. The essays were on topics about deep thinking, like whether we need to help others in order to be truly happy, or whether books and movies can truly change people’s lives. People taking part wore special headsets that recorded their brains’ electrical activity while they wrote. Those using ChatGPT showed the lowest levels of brain connectivity, while those using only the Internet had greater brain connectivity. Those using no outside sources had the most connectivity. After they’d finished, the ChatGPT group was also the least able to repeat sentences from their essays. Eighteen people were later called back to rewrite one of their essays. This time the groups were changed — those who had used ChatGPT before now had to write with no outside sources, and those who had used no outside sources before could now use ChatGPT. It found that all nine people from the no-outside-sources group could remember all the topics they had written about before. But only three of those who had used ChatGPT could remember all of their topics. And those who had used ChatGPT before still showed weaker brain connectivity even now that they were writing without using any outside sources. The study has not yet been checked by other experts. However, the researchers decided to share their results right away without waiting because of how important the findings may be for children’s education — and they felt the results should be seen as soon as possible. 1.Why did researchers carry out the study? A. To test Internet’s practical value. B. To improve students’ writing skills. C. To know AI’s effect on learning. D. To teach students to use ChatGPT. 2.What made the three groups different from each other? A. The number of essays. B. Sources used for writing. C. Time for writing essays. D. Topics of their essays. 3.What can be found from the further study according to paragraph 4? A. ChatGPT users forgot more topics. B. Internet users wrote better essays. C. No-source users repeated most essays. D. AI users had stronger brain connectivity. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Ways to Use Outside Sources. B. Why AI Is Less Helpful to Students. C. AI Might Decrease Learning Effect. D. How Memory Directly Affects Writing Process. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。麻省理工学院的研究人员发现，使用AI(如ChatGPT)辅助写作会降低学生大脑活跃度和记忆力，可能降低学习效果。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“As more and more students use AI to help with schoolwork, we still aren’t sure about the effect it’s having on learning. (随着越来越多的学生使用AI 来帮助完成作业，我们仍然不确定它对学习的影响。)”和第二段“To look into this, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology...(为了研究这个问题，麻省理工学院的研究人员……)”可知，this指代第一段提出的“AI对学习的影响”，因此，该研究目的是了解AI对学习的影响。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“One group wrote all three essays with the help of popular AI chatbot ChatGPT. Another group used only the Internet for help, with AI answers turned off. And a third group used no outside sources at all. (一组在流行的AI聊天机器人ChatGPT的帮助下写了全部三篇文章。另一组只使用互联网寻求帮助，关闭AI的回答。第三组则完全不使用任何外部资源。)”可知，这三组的不同之处在于写作时所使用的资料来源。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“It found that all nine people from the no-outside-sources group could remember all the topics they had written about before. But only three of those who had used ChatGPT could remember all of their topics. (研究发现，来自无外部资源组的所有九个人都能记住他们之前写过的所有主题。但在那些使用过ChatGPT的人中，只有三人能记住他们所有的主题。)”可知，从进一步的研究中可以发现，ChatGPT用户忘记了更多的主题。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段“As more and more students use AI to help with schoolwork, we still aren’t sure about the effect it’s having on learning. (随着越来越多的学生使用AI 来帮助完成作业，我们仍然不确定它对学习的影响。)”，第三段“Those using ChatGPT showed the lowest levels of brain connectivity (使用ChatGPT的人表现出最低水平的大脑连接)”和第四段“those who had used ChatGPT before still showed weaker brain connectivity even now that they were writing without using any outside sources. (那些之前使用过ChatGPT的人，即使现在在没有使用任何外部资源的情况下写作，仍然表现出较弱的大脑连接。)”可知，文章围绕“AI对学习的影响”展开，通过研究，发现使用AI(如ChatGPT)可能会降低学习效果，影响大脑活动和记忆力。C项“AI可能会降低学习效果”准确概括了这一核心内容。故选C。 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·山东德州·期中）From big life goals to small daily troubles, frustration (沮丧) is part of our daily life. Although frustration is often thought of as a bad feeling, studies show that it is not just a problem — it can also be a useful tool for growing, learning and making yourself better. Psychologists say frustration is more than a short-term trouble. Ayelet Fishbach, a professor at the University of Chicago, says frustration exists for a reason. Anger usually points at others, and stress often comes from having too many tasks to do. But frustration is different; it is the feeling you get when things don’t go as you planned. It’s a reminder to check your goals again and think about doing things in a different way. Ayelet says this kind of change can make you pay more attention and also make your determination stronger. Some studies even find that students who fail in frustrating situations often get better at solving problems later. She explains, “It is this focused determination from frustration that helps people make progress.” Even babies feel frustrated when they learn to crawl or walk, but this frustration encourages them to keep trying until they succeed. To use frustration to help yourself grow, you need a serious approach. The first key step is to understand, in any process (过程) of trying hard, it is very natural to face problems, and frustration can actually push us to improve ourselves. Another important thing to do is to change how you look at frustration — don’t see it as failure. Instead, you should treat it as proof that “you are dealing with challenges that are just right for you.” Besides, you should deal with your feelings in a right way. Keeping your feelings inside is not healthy. Talking to someone you trust can often give you new ideas. Finally, you need to think back, learn lessons from your experiences, and use these to guide your future growth. Frustration is not your enemy. As long as you understand its good points and learn to use it, you can turn life’s problems into chances to grow. 1.What makes frustration different from anger and stress according to Ayelet? A. It usually targets other people. B. It lasts longer than other feelings. C. It is caused by too many tasks. D. It happens as things go unexpected. 2.Why does the author mention babies? A. To prove the view. B. To bridge the paragraphs. C. To imagine a scene. D. To introduce a new topic. 3.What should one do to make the best of frustration? A. Avoid challenges. B. Keep feelings inside. C. Shift the mindset. D. Forget the past pains. 4.What is the best title for this passage? A. The Harm of Frustration in Our Life. B. Frustration: From Problem to Power. C. The Reasons Why We Get Frustrated. D. Key to Success: Never Feel Frustrated. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了挫折在生活中的作用，指出挫折并非全然负面，而是可以转化为成长的力量。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Anger usually points at others, and stress often comes from having too many tasks to do. But frustration is different; it is the feeling you get when things don’t go as you planned.(愤怒通常指向他人，而压力往往来自任务过多。但挫折不同；它是当事情没有按计划进行时你所产生的感觉。)”可知，Ayelet认为挫折与愤怒和压力的不同之处在于，挫折是当事情没有按照预期发展时产生的。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Even babies feel frustrated when they learn to crawl or walk, but this frustration encourages them to keep trying until they succeed.(即使是婴儿在学习爬行或走路时也会感到沮丧，但这种挫折会鼓励他们不断尝试，直到成功。)”可知，作者提到婴儿是为了证明挫折可以鼓励人们不断尝试，直到成功，从而支持前文提到的挫折的积极作用这一观点。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Another important thing to do is to change how you look at frustration — don't see it as failure. Instead, you should treat it as proof that ‘you are dealing with challenges that are just right for you.’ (另一件重要的事情是改变你看待挫折的方式——不要把它看作失败。相反，你应该把它看作是证明‘你正在应对对你来说恰到好处的挑战。’)”可知，为了充分利用挫折，一个人应该改变心态，不要把挫折看作失败，而是看作挑战和成长的机会。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是最后一段“Frustration is not your enemy. As long as you understand its good points and learn to use it, you can turn life's problems into chances to grow.(挫折不是你的敌人。只要你了解它的优点并学会利用它，你就能把生活中的问题变成成长的机会。)”可知，文章主要讲述了挫折如何从问题转化为力量，帮助人们成长和进步。因此，B项“Frustration. From Problem to Power. (挫折。从问题到力量。)”最符合文章主旨，适合作标题。故选B项。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·山东菏泽第一中学·期中）Language is not just a tool for communication; it’s also a playground for the mind. English, in particular, is noted for its rich vocabulary and influence from many different languages, which provides a great basis for creativity and humor. One example of this is the use of puns (双关语) the clever or humorous use of a word that has more than one meaning, or of words that have different meanings but sound the same. Puns can be categorized (分类) into different types, Homophonic puns rely on word pairs that sound alike but have different meanings, like “A bicycle can’t stand on its own because it’s two-tired.” Homographic puns use words that are spelled the same but have different meanings and sometimes different pronunciations, for example, “I can’t bear the weight of that bear.” Compound puns often combine homophonic and homographic elements, creating even more complex wordplay, for example, “I was struggling to figure out how lightning works, but then it struck me.” The history of puns in English literature and culture is rich and interesting. Following their development shows how language, culture, and humor have changed over time. Puns have been a part of English literature from the early days, appearing in medieval (中世纪的) texts and Shakespeare’s plays, often used for humor or to show double meanings. During the Victorian Era, strict social norms promoted the use of puns, as they allowed people to comment on issues subtly (巧妙地) while avoiding directness. Today, puns are widely used in advertising, television, and social media, reflecting how English wordplay adapts to different contexts and media. People’s opinions of puns have changed throughout history. Once seen as a sign of cleverness, puns were sometimes criticized (批评) as low-level humor. However, in recent years, they’ve regained popularity, largely because of the Internet and social media, which allow for quick sharing and creativity in pun-based humor. 1.What can we learn from paragraph 1? A. The development of language over time. B. The difficulty of learning a new language. C. The creative and playful aspect of language. D. The different functions of language in daily life. 2.Which of the following contains a homographic pun? A. You can call a bee from America a USB. B. Six is afraid of seven because seven ate nine. C. Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana. D. I only know 25 letters of the alphabet; I don’t know Y. 3.What was the major purpose of using puns in the Victorian Era? A. To break social rules. B. To express ideas indirectly. C. To spread different opinions. D. To make communication easier. 4.What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The rise and fall of the popularity of puns. B. The new changes of language in recent years. C. The relationship between language and society. D. The influence of social media on modern humor. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍英语中双关语的类型、历史发展及其在不同时期的社会应用与人们对它的态度变化。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Language is not just a tool for communication; it’s also a playground for the mind. English, in particular, is noted for its rich vocabulary and influence from many different languages, which provides a great basis for creativity and humor. (语言不仅仅是交流的工具，它也是思维的乐园。英语尤其以其丰富的词汇量和受多种不同语言的影响而闻名，这为创造力和幽默感奠定了良好基础)”可知，语言具有创造性和趣味性的一面。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Homographic puns use words that are spelled the same but have different meanings and sometimes different pronunciations (同形双关语使用拼写相同但含义不同、有时发音也不同的词)”可知，选项C中“flies”拼写相同，既可以表示“飞行”（动词，对应“Time flies”，意为“时光飞逝”），也可以表示“苍蝇”（名词，对应“fruit flies”，意为“果蝇”），属于同形双关语。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“During the Victorian Era, strict social norms promoted the use of puns, as they allowed people to comment on issues subtly while avoiding directness. (在维多利亚时代，严格的社会规范促使双关语的使用，因为它们让人们能够巧妙地评论问题，同时避免直接表达。)”可知，维多利亚时代人们使用双关语的主要目的是间接表达观点。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“People’s opinions of puns have changed throughout history. Once seen as a sign of cleverness, puns were sometimes criticized as low-level humor. However, in recent years, they’ve regained popularity (纵观历史，人们对双关语的看法一直在变化。双关语曾被视为聪明的标志，有时却被批评为低级幽默。然而，近年来它们又重新流行起来)”可知，该段主要讲述了双关语受欢迎程度的兴衰变化。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·山东菏泽第一中学·期中）If you are like me, the words “wellness trend (趋势)” will produce a Pavlovian response, where you think you will hear something strange, like applying snail slime (蜗牛黏液) over the face. Does that really work? To each his own, but because a good night’s sleep and a daily run are all I need to feel like myself, I can’t really understand. So the rise of rucking (负重徒步) — hiking with a weighted backpack — came as a pleasant surprise. When fitness fans think about rucking, they often point out that it’s much slower and less intense (强烈的) than popular high intensity workouts, It makes me wonder: On top of the obvious mental benefits of walking in nature, does rucking also provide meaningful physical benefits? Michael Tschakovsky, an exercise scientist, says yes. Rucking is a low-impact activity that can provide better resistance (抵抗) training for muscles (肌肉) and bones than walking. More importantly, unlike running, where about 50 percent of runners suffer an injury in any given year, rucking actually helps make you less likely get injured. Rucking is not a new activity; it has long been used as a military (军事的) training method for developing physical and mental toughness. In fact, Jason McCarthy, the American man largely responsible for popularizing rucking through the gear and apparel company GORUCK that he founded in 2008, once served in the army. Recently, many fitness influencers such as Dr Peter Attia and Dr Andrew Huberman have taken up rucking and popularize its benefits. Many of us spend quite a lot of our day sitting. Long, weighted hikes in the wild help us stay fit and clear our minds. While military-grade rucking appears designed to push people to their physical limits, sometimes requiring soldiers to carry their full body weight in a backpack, civilian rucking is much easier. Beginners are recommended to start by carrying a backpack that weighs 10 to 15 percent of their body weight, before working their way up and noticing small health benefits over time. 1.What is the author’s attitude towards the majority of wellness trends? A. Unconcerned. B. Curious. C. Supportive. D. Doubtful. 2.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The origins of rucking. B. The benefits of rucking. C. The ways to build muscles. D. The types of resistance training. 3.Why does the author mention Jason McCarthy? A. To stress his business success. B. To introduce GORUCK’S history. C. To explain rucking’s military connection. D. To describe his role in fitness trends. 4.What are beginners advised to do? A. Start with proper weight. B. Try military-grade rucking. C. Depend on experts’ guidance. D. Choose a pair of lightweight shoes. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了负重徒步的优势、起源及初学者入门建议。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“If you are like me, the words “wellness trend” will produce a Pavlovian response, where you think you will hear something strange, like applying snail slime over the face. Does that really work? To each his own, but because a good night's sleep and a daily run are all I need to feel like myself, I can’t really understand. (如果你和我一样，“健康趋势”这几个字就会让我产生巴甫洛夫式反应，以为又要听到往脸上涂蜗牛黏液之类的怪事。那真的有用吗？各人有各人的看法，但对我来说，睡个好觉、每天跑跑步就足以让我状态在线，所以我实在理解不了那些趋势)”可推知，作者对大多数健康趋势持怀疑态度。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Rucking is a low-impact activity that can provide better resistance training for muscles and bones than walking. More importantly, unlike running, where about 50 percent of runners suffer an injury in any given year, rucking actually helps make you less likely get injured. (负重徒步是一种低冲击运动，相比普通行走，它能为肌肉和骨骼提供更优质的抗阻训练。更重要的是，跑步每年约有50%的跑者会受伤，而负重徒步则不同，它实际上能降低受伤风险)”可知，该段用专家话语具体列举负重徒步对肌肉、骨骼的低冲击抗阻益处，并对比跑步受伤率，故本段主要介绍负重徒步的益处。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“Rucking is not a new activity; it has long been used as a military (军事的) training method for developing physical and mental toughness. In fact, Jason McCarthy, the American man largely responsible for popularizing rucking through the gear and apparel company GORUCK that he founded in 2008, once served in the army. (负重徒步并非新兴运动，它长期以来一直被用作军事训练方法，旨在锤炼人的身心韧性。事实上，美国人杰森・麦卡锡曾服役于军队，他在2008年创办了户外装备服饰公司GORUCK，正是通过这家公司，他在很大程度上推动了负重徒步的普及)”可推知，作者提到Jason McCarthy是为了解释负重徒步与军事的联系。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Beginners are recommended to start by carrying a backpack that weighs 10 to 15 percent of their body weight, before working their way up and noticing small health benefits over time. (建议初学者从携带相当于自身体重10%到15%的背包开始，之后再逐步增加负重，久而久之就能感受到身体上的细微改善)”可知，建议初学者从合适的重量开始。故选A项。 主题语境05 人与自然-宇宙探索 （25-26高一上·山东德州·期中）Black holes are some of the most puzzling things in space. They’re much heavier than our sun. We can’t see them directly with our eyes or even regular telescopes. So they remain one of the biggest mysteries in science. Let’s find out what they are, how we spot them, and the secrets that still confuse scientists today. A black hole appears when a very large star runs out of all its fuel. Usually, a star stays steady; a force inside pushes out, and gravity (引力) pulls in, balancing each other. But when the star has no fuel, gravity wins. Then all the star’s material is pressed into a very small space. Even light, the fastest thing in the space, can’t escape its gravity. That’s why we can’t see black holes — no light comes out of them, so it can’t reach our eyes or telescopes. We can’t see black holes, but scientists have found smart ways to track them down using powerful telescopes. They watch for things like gas and dust floating in space — when these materials get close to a black hole, they get really hot and give off weak signals that telescopes can pick up. In 2022, a group of scientists used a network of telescopes around the world to take the first clear picture of a super big black hole called Sagittarius A* at the center of our Milky Way galaxy, and it’s more than a million times heavier than our Sun. We still don’t know much about what happens inside a black hole. That’s a big unknown. Every black hole has something called an “event horizon.” It’s like an unseen line around the black hole. If anything crosses this line, even a spaceship or a ray of light, it gets pulled in by the black hole’s gravity and can never get out. Some scientists think that if a person went past this event horizon, they would be trapped forever. Other scientists guess that black holes might connect to other parts of the universe through “wormholes.” These are like hidden tunnels. But these wormholes would break apart too quickly for anything to travel through them. The good news? All black holes are very far from Earth. So they don’t bring any danger to our planet. 1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. How a black hole forms. B. Why stars run out of fuel. C. Why we need telescopes. D. How gravity works on stars. 2.How did scientists discover Sagittarius A*? A. By observing its bright light. B. By tracking materials around it. C. By using one huge telescope. D. By catching its strong signals. 3.What can we infer about the “event horizon”? A. It’s near the Earth. B. It’s a point of no return. C. It’s a type of planet. D. It’s a line that can be seen. 4.What’s the main aim of the text? A. To urge scientists to study black holes. B. To introduce a movie about black holes. C. To warn people about black holes’ danger. D. To explain the related facts of black holes. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了黑洞是宇宙中神秘的天体，由超大质量恒星耗尽燃料后形成，因引力极强无法发光，科学家通过追踪周围物质探测它，其 “事件视界” 等仍存谜团，但对地球无危险。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段“A black hole appears when a very large star runs out of all its fuel. Usually, a star stays steady; a force inside pushes out, and gravity (引力) pulls in, balancing each other. But when the star has no fuel, gravity wins. Then all the star’s material is pressed into a very small space. Even light, the fastest thing in the space, can’t escape its gravity. That’s why we can’t see black holes — no light comes out of them, so it can’t reach our eyes or telescopes. (当一颗巨大的恒星耗尽了所有的燃料时，就会形成一个黑洞。通常情况下，恒星是保持稳定的：内部有一种力量向外推，而引力则向内拉，两者相互平衡。但当恒星没有燃料时，引力就会占上风。于是，恒星的所有物质都被压缩进一个非常小的空间里。即使是光（宇宙中速度最快的物质）也无法逃脱其引力的影响。这就是我们看不到黑洞的原因——因为黑洞内部没有光线逸出，所以无法到达我们的眼睛或望远镜的视野范围。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是黑洞是如何形成的。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“They watch for things like gas and dust floating in space — when these materials get close to a black hole, they get really hot and give off weak signals that telescopes can pick up. In 2022, a group of scientists used a network of telescopes around the world to take the first clear picture of a super big black hole called Sagittarius A* at the center of our Milky Way galaxy, and it’s more than a million times heavier than our Sun. (他们会留意太空中的气体和尘埃漂浮情况——当这些物质靠近黑洞时，会变得非常炽热，并释放出微弱的信号，这些信号能够被望远镜捕捉到。2022 年，一组科学家利用全球范围内的望远镜网络，首次清晰地拍摄到了位于我们银河系中心的一个超大黑洞——名为Sagittarius A*的黑洞，它的质量比我们的太阳重超过一百万倍。)”可知，科学家通过追踪其周围物质的运动发现Sagittarius A*。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Every black hole has something called an “event horizon.” It’s like an unseen line around the black hole. If anything crosses this line, even a spaceship or a ray of light, it gets pulled in by the black hole’s gravity and can never get out. Some scientists think that if a person went past this event horizon, they would be trapped forever. (每一个黑洞都有一个被称为“事件视界”的东西。它就像是黑洞周围一条看不见的边界线。如果有任何物体越过这条线，哪怕是一艘宇宙飞船或者一束光线，都会被黑洞的引力吸引而无法逃脱。一些科学家认为，如果有人越过这个事件视界，他们就会永远被困在那里。)”可知，它是一个无法返回的终点。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Black holes are some of the most puzzling things in space. They’re much heavier than our sun. We can’t see them directly with our eyes or even regular telescopes. So they remain one of the biggest mysteries in science. Let’s find out what they are, how we spot them, and the secrets that still confuse scientists today. (黑洞是宇宙中一些最为令人费解的天体之一。它们的质量比我们的太阳还要大得多。我们无法用肉眼或普通的望远镜直接观测到它们。因此，它们依然是科学领域中最大的谜团之一。让我们来了解一下它们究竟是什么，我们又是如何发现它们的，以及至今仍令科学家们感到困惑的秘密所在。)”结合文章开篇介绍黑洞是宇宙中最神秘的事物之一，随后依次讲解黑洞的形成、探测方式、“事件视界”等相关未知之谜，核心是“科普黑洞的相关事实”。可知，这篇文章的主要目的是解释有关黑洞的相关事实。故选D。 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·山东青岛第二中学·期中）If you’ve ever watched a dog sleep, you’ve probably wondered if animals dream. It’s a difficult question. We still don’t know exactly why humans dream, or why dreams might be important. Studying animal dreams is even harder. Animal dreams might be very interesting. “I think dreaming gives us a way to relate many human cognitive abilities to animals, such as emotion, memory, and even imagination,” says David M. Pena-Guzman, who recently wrote When Animals Dream: The Hidden World of Animal Consciousness. We know monkeys have emotions, but consider spiders, which a recent study suggests may experience REM-like (类似快速眼动的) sleep, a period of sleep during which the brain is active and vivid dreams are likely to occur. The thought of spider dreams sounds outlandish, but it may be true. “We have this idea of dreams being an imaginary process with something crazy in it,” says Matthew Wilson, a neurobiologist at MIT. “But when we look into animal models, we’re simply trying to understand what goes on during sleep that might influence learning, memory, and behavior.” Cats were some of the first animals studied in dream research. Michel Jouvet, a pioneer of sleep studies, proved that cats dreamed in the 1960s. In REM sleep, human muscles don’t move much despite the brain activity that powers our dreams. The body doesn’t act out our dreams no matter how real they seem. Jouvet learned that, in cats, a part of the brain called the pons (脑桥) seemed to control REM sleep and produce partial paralysis (麻痹：瘫痪). By removing parts of the pons, Jouvet found with their brains deep in REM sleep the cats began to move as if awake, hunting, jumping and fighting against unseen dangers. This provided a window into what was happening in the cats’ sleeping brains. “I wouldn’t be surprised if actual dreams were found in animals, and I think finally we’ll be able to show that scientifically,” Stanford neurobiologist Philippe Mourrain says. “We’re not the only species able to remember and learn.” 1.What is the point of studying animal dreams? A. To improve animals’ sleeping quality. B. To learn about animals’ cognitive abilities. C. To find a scientific way to raise animals. D. To help explore the workings of humans’ dreams. 2.What does the underlined word “outlandish” mean in paragraph 3? A. Strange. B. Interesting. C. Misguided. D. Reasonable. 3.What can we learn from Michel Jouvet’s research on cats’ dreaming? A. Cats dream in a way different from humans. B. Dreams have very little to do with cats’ behavior. C. It’s the pons that keeps cats still in REM sleep. D. Cats are more active in sleep than when they’re awake. 4.What does Philippe Mourrain think of animal dreams? A. They are more confusing than people think. B. They will be proved by further research. C. The present research is still far from satisfactory. D. There is a long way to go before they’re understood. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨动物是否会做梦这一课题，介绍相关研究背景、学者观点及对猫的实验发现，展现科学家对动物认知能力的探索。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I think dreaming gives us a way to relate many human cognitive abilities to animals, such as emotion, memory, and even imagination.(我认为做梦为我们提供了一种将人类许多认知能力与动物联系起来的方式，比如情感、记忆，甚至想象力。)”可知，研究动物做梦的目的是了解动物的认知能力。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“We know monkeys have emotions, but consider spiders, which a recent study suggests may experience REM-like sleep(我们知道猴子有情感，但想想蜘蛛，最近的一项研究表明蜘蛛可能会经历类似快速眼动的睡眠)”及“but it may be true(但这可能是真的)”可知，蜘蛛会做梦的想法听起来很奇怪，“outlandish”意为“奇怪的”符合语境。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Jouvet learned that, in cats, a part of the brain called the pons seemed to control REM sleep and produce partial paralysis. By removing parts of the pons, Jouvet found with their brains deep in REM sleep the cats began to move as if awake(朱维特发现，在猫的大脑中，一个叫做脑桥的部分似乎控制着快速眼动睡眠并产生部分麻痹。通过切除部分脑桥，朱维特发现，当猫的大脑处于深度快速眼动睡眠时，它们开始像清醒时一样移动)”可知，脑桥使猫在快速眼动睡眠中保持静止。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I wouldn’t be surprised if actual dreams were found in animals, and I think finally we’ll be able to show that scientifically.(如果在动物身上发现了真正的梦境，我不会感到惊讶，而且我认为我们最终能够用科学的方法证明这一点。)”可知，菲利普·穆兰认为动物做梦的现象将通过进一步研究得到证实。故选B项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·山东济南外国语学校·期中）Search and rescue teams are often accompanied by man’s best friend. A dog’s greater sense of smell can be important to finding survivors buried under fallen buildings. But now a new animal is being trained to assist search and rescue teams after an earthquake hits, and it’s the rat. These rescue rats are being trained by Dr. Donna Kean, a researcher from Glasgow, Scotland who has been working with rats for years. Kean explained why she and her colleagues at the nonprofit APOPO train rats instead of dogs. “The rats have a comparable sense of smell, and they’re just as trainable as dogs,” she said. “Their size is useful because they will be able to move through different environments that dogs just wouldn’t be able to.” At the moment, the rats are wearing homemade prototype backpacks that contain microphones, video equipment, and location trackers, and then scientists are sending these rats into mock debris(模拟的废墟). Rats would be able to get into small spaces to get to victims buried in the ruins. “We have not been in a real situation yet, we have got a mock debris site. When we track the backpack, we will be able to hear from where the rat is inside the debris,” Kean said. “We have the potential to speak to victims through the rat.” Researchers train them on a basic series of behaviour. Training starts off in a really basic environment: a small and empty room. Then they gradually increase the difficulty in order to make it like real life. They can start adding in debris and making the training area look more like an actual collapsed (坍塌的) building site. The training just started, and researchers still have to run training trials outside the research environment. They are working with a search and rescue group called GEA, who are based in Turkey, a country with frequent earthquakes and hoping that by next year they’ll be able to take the rats to Turkey for trials. 1.What advantage do rats have over dogs in the rescue work? A. They are easier to train. B. They have a better sense of smell. C. They are more suitable with a smaller size. D. They adapt to new environments more quickly. 2.What function is expected of the backpacks? A. To guide rats to find survivors. B. To protect rats from being injured. C. To provide some food for trapped people. D. To help rescuers communicate with victims. 3.What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The process of training the rats. B. The difficulty of conducting experiments. C. The rats’ behaviour in real collapsed sites. D. The importance of the research environment. 4.What will scientists plan to do next? A. Use rats for rescue work in more countries. B. Send rats to Turkey for field experiments. C. Conduct further study on disaster warning. D. Develop the technology to assist GEA. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了老鼠正在被用于搜救救援中。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Their size is useful because they will be able to move through different environments that dogs just wouldn’t be able to.”（它们的体型很有用，因为它们能够在不同的环境中移动，而狗则无法做到这一点。）可知，在救援工作中，老鼠比狗有优势在于它们尺寸小，更灵活。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“When we track the backpack, we will be able to hear from where the rat is inside the debris,” Kean said. “We have the potential to speak to victims through the rat.””（当我们追踪背包时。我们可以听到老鼠在废墟中的位置。基恩说，“我们有可能通过老鼠与受害者对话。”）可知，预期背包的功能是帮助救援人员与受害者沟通。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Researchers train them on a basic series of behavior. Training starts off in a really basic environment: a small and empty room. Then they gradually expand and increase the complexity in order to make it like real life. They can start adding in debris and making the training area look more like an actual collapsed building site.”（研究人员对它们进行一系列基本行为的训练。训练开始于一个非常基本的环境:一个又小又空的房间。然后他们逐渐扩展和增加复杂性，以使它像现实生活。他们可以开始添加碎片，让训练区看起来更像一个真正倒塌的建筑工地。）由此可知，第四段主要在说训练老鼠的过程。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“They are working with a search and rescue group called GEA, who are based in Turkey, a country with frequent earthquakes and hoping that by next year they’ll be able to take the rats to Turkey for trials.”（他们正在与一个名为GEA的搜救组织合作。他们的总部设在土耳其。这是一个地震频繁的国家，他们希望明年能把老鼠带到土耳其进行试验。）可知，研究人员下一步计划把老鼠送到土耳其做实地实验。故选B项。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·山东师范大学附属中学·期中）American gymnast Simone Biles flies through the air as though she was made for it. She has claimed more World Championship gold medals than any other female gymnast in history. She is also the first woman gymnast to win three World all-around titles in a row. A complicated flip (翻转动作) she introduced in the 2013 World Championships is one of four skills that are named after her, and some consider her the greatest of all time. Athletes are under pressure, and a small mistake can result in serious injury. At the Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo, Biles experienced something gymnast call “the twisties,” which is when a gymnast has no idea where his or her body is in the air. Instead of putting herself and her team at risk, Biles gave up the competition. However, she worked out in a private gym and was able to compete in the last-scheduled individual event: the balance beam, winning the bronze medal. When she was young, Biles was raised by her grandfather Ron, and was introduced to gymnastics at the age of 6 on a school field trip to a gym. She saw some gymnasts practicing, began copying their moves and insisted that her parents send her for gymnastics lessons. A coach at the gym also recognized her talent and sent a letter home asking her parents to send her for lessons. Throughout her career, Biles has kept her passion for the sport, which can be seen clearly in the huge smile she often wears while competing. But she also wants people to know the importance of putting mental health first and not ignoring how stress can influence them. In Biles’ 2016 memoir (回忆录), titled Courage to Soar, the book tells in her words “how my faith and my family made my wildest dreams come true. And how embracing a dream can give you courage to soar.” Biles’ ability to perform at the highest level has inspired new generations of athletes, but her willingness to be honest about her struggles inspires everyone. 1.What does the underlined word “claimed” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Collected. B. Won. C. Created. D. Achieved. 2.What happened to Biles at the Tokyo Summer Olympic Games? A. She was seriously injured. B. She had a hard time. C. She got a gold medal. D. She put her team at risk. 3.What do we know about Biles from the text? A. She has got the most gold medals in history. B. Four skills were named after her in 2013. C. She showed her talent for gymnastics at an early age. D. Her grandfather insisted that she take gymnastics lessons. 4.Which of the following can best describe Biles? A. Strong-willed and talented. B. Confident and warm-hearted. C. Determined and generous. D. Hard-working and curious. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了体操运动员西蒙·拜尔斯。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段“She has claimed more World Championship gold medals than any other female gymnast in history.( 她……的世锦赛金牌比历史上任何一位女体操运动员都要多。)”可知，西蒙·拜尔斯夺得的世锦赛金牌比历史上任何一位女体操运动员都要多。划线词claimed意思是“在竞争环境中获得或取得某物”。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“At the Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo, Biles experienced something gymnast call “the twisties,” which is when a gymnast has no idea where his or her body is in the air. Instead of putting herself and her team at risk, Biles gave up the competition. However, she worked out in a private gym and was able to compete in the last-scheduled individual event: the balance beam, winning the bronze medal.(在东京夏季奥运会上，拜尔斯经历了一种体操运动员称之为“空中失感”的情况，即体操运动员不知道自己的身体在空中的位置。拜尔斯没有让自己和她的团队处于危险之中，而是放弃了比赛。然而，她在一家私人健身房锻炼，并能参加最后一个预定的个人项目：平衡木，赢得铜牌。)”可知，在东京夏季奥运会上，拜尔斯经历了“空中失感”，导致她放弃了比赛，但经过努力训练，她在平衡木项目中赢得铜牌，由此可知，在东京夏季奥运会上，拜尔斯经历了一段艰难的时光。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“When she was young, Biles was raised by her grandfather Ron, and was introduced to gymnastics at the age of 6 on a school field trip to a gym. She saw some gymnasts practicing, began copying their moves and insisted that her parents send her for gymnastics lessons. A coach at the gym also recognized her talent and sent a letter home asking her parents to send her for lessons. (小时候，拜尔斯由祖父罗恩抚养长大，6岁时在学校的一次健身房实地考察中接触到了体操。她看到一些体操运动员在练习，开始模仿他们的动作，并坚持让父母送她去上体操课。健身房的一位教练也认识到了她的天赋，并给她家里寄了一封信，请她的父母送她去上课。)”可知，拜尔斯6岁时接触到了体操，并展现出对体操的热爱，健身房的一位教练也认识到了她的天赋，希望她的父母送她去上课，由此可知，从文中我们知道拜尔斯在很小的时候就展示了她的体操天赋。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“However, she worked out in a private gym and was able to compete in the last-scheduled individual event: the balance beam, winning the bronze medal.(然而，她在一家私人健身房锻炼，并能参加最后一个预定的个人项目：平衡木，赢得铜牌。)”可知，虽然拜尔斯经历了“空中失感”，但她没有放弃，仍然努力训练，最终在平衡木项目中赢得铜牌，由此可知，她是个意志坚强的人；根据第一段“She is also the first women gymnast to win three World all-around titles in a row. A complicated flip (翻转动作) she introduced in the 2013 World Championships is one of four skills that are named after her, and some consider her the greatest of all time. (她也是第一位连续三次获得世界全能冠军的女子体操运动员。她在2013届世界锦标赛中引进的一项复杂的翻转动作是四种以她命名的技能之一，有些人认为她是有史以来最伟大的体操运动员。)”可知，她是连续三次获得世界全能冠军的女子体操运动员，并且有四种体操技能是以她的名字命名的，由此可知，她是个才华横溢的人，由此可推断出，拜尔斯是一个意志坚强、才华横溢的人。故选A。 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·山东师范大学附属中学·期中）As remote work (远程办公) becomes more common, companies are rethinking their office spaces. Traditional setups with small offices and private rooms are being replaced by open designs that encourage teamwork, creativity, and employee well-being. A study by Global Workplace Analytics found that businesses can save an average of $11,000 per year for each employee who works remotely half the time. This is because of reduced costs for office spaces, services, and repairs. Employees also save money on traveling to work, clothing, and lunches, which benefits small to mid-sized businesses. However, remote work presents challenges. Employees often feel lonely and disconnected from their coworkers, which can lead to decreased drive and productivity. To address this, companies are spending on technology that supports online teamwork and communication. Video conferencing tools, project management software, and messaging platforms help connect remote workers and their in-office teammates. Some companies also organize online team-building activities to keep a sense of community. The move to remote work has led to a review of work-life balance. Many employees appreciate the freedom to manage their work schedules around personal responsibilities, such as childcare or eldercare. However, others struggle to separate work from home life, leading to longer working hours and possible tiredness. Employers are encouraged to set clear limits and expectations to help employees keep a healthy balance. For instance, some companies have rules that discourage after-hours emails and encourage regular breaks. Moreover, remote work greatly affects the environment. With fewer employees traveling to work, there is a large reduction in carbon pollution, which decreases overall pollution. Companies recognize the importance of being eco-friendly and include remote work as part of their social responsibility efforts. Overall, remote work is changing business practices. Companies are finding new ways to support employees, balancing cost savings and freedom with the challenges of loneliness and work-life balance. This shift offers opportunities to adopt more green and employee-friendly practices. 1.What is the benefit of remote work for small to mid-sized businesses? A. Increased diversity in hiring. B. Improved employee teamwork. C. Faster response to market changes. D. Lower costs for office-related expenses. 2.What should companies focus on to keep employees productive remotely? A. Offering more training. B. Planning in-person events. C. Letting employees choose work hours. D. Spending on online communication tools. 3.What is a main challenge employees face in remote work? A. Lacking job security. B. Managing work-life balance. C. Attending too many social events. D. Finding affordable transportation. 4.What is one positive impact of remote work according to the passage? A. It reduces the need for team-building activities. B. It lowers pollution by reducing travel to work. C. It allows employees to spend more time with family. D. It increases productivity by increasing working hours. 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. B　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本篇是一篇说明文。文章探讨了远程工作的普及对企业和员工的影响，包括节省成本、促进创造力和环保效益，同时也面临员工孤独感和工作与生活平衡的挑战。公司通过投资在线协作工具来应对这些问题。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“A study by Global Workplace Analytics found that businesses can save an average of $11,000 per year for each employee who works remotely half the time. (全球职场分析公司（Global Workplace Analytics）的一项研究发现，如果每名员工有一半的时间远程工作，企业每年平均可以节省1.1万美元)”可知，远程工作的主要好处之一是减少了办公空间、公共设施和维护费用等运营开支，故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“To address this, companies are spending on technology that supports online teamwork and communication. Video conferencing tools, project management software, and messaging platforms help connect remote workers and their in-office teammates.(为了解决这个问题，公司正在投资支持在线团队合作和沟通的技术。视频会议工具、项目管理软件和消息传递平台有助于将远程工作人员和他们在办公室的同事联系起来)”可知，企业为了维持远程员工的生产力，应优先投资于支持在线沟通的技术，故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“However, others struggle to separate work from home life, leading to longer working hours and possible tiredness.(然而，另一些人则难以将工作与家庭生活分开，导致工作时间更长，甚至可能感到疲劳)”可知，远程办公中员工常见的问题是难以平衡工作与生活，故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“With fewer employees traveling to work, there is a large reduction in carbon pollution, which decreases overall pollution.(由于上班的员工减少了，碳污染大大减少，从而减少了整体污染)”可知，远程办公减少了员工的出行，从而降低了污染，故选B。 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·山东实验中学·期中）With the changing climate across the world, bird species that live in tropical (热带的) areas — specifically in the remote, deep parts of Brazil’s Amazon rainforest — are slowly getting smaller in size. It was found that 80 tropical bird species had experienced a drop in body mass (体重) over the past 40 years. However, why the birds changed in that way was unknown. Therefore, researchers decided to study the records of 15,000 birds living in a rainforest within a few hours’ drive from Manaus in Brazil. The average temperature of the birds’ habitat is 1℃ warmer in the wet season and 1.65℃ warmer in the dry season, compared with that in 40 years ago. What’s more, 13% more rain falls in the wet season and 15% less in the dry season. The birds have lost body mass more sharply after extremely dry or wet seasons. This could be a short-term response to changes in their environment, such as a lack of rainfall causing a drop in the number of insects that the birds feed on. “Mass is a generally good indication of body condition in birds,” says Vitek Jirinec at the Integral Ecology Research Center in California, who led the study. “If they’re simply not getting enough to eat, you’d expect them to lose weight.” Birds of the same species are generally larger in colder areas. The leading theory is that their smaller surface-area-to-volume ratio (表面积和体积比) allows them to better save heat. “The opposite would help smaller species in hot climates to cool and could explain why birds are getting smaller as the climate warms,” says Jirinec. “The physical changes during just four decades show why stopping destroying trees alone won’t prevent the ongoing extinctions of animal species across the world.” says Camila Gomez, a scientist who studies evolutionary changes in birds. “This study also shows how human caused changes in climate are contributing to observed population declines in tropical birds.” says Gomez. 1.According to the first paragraph, what was the purpose of the study? A. To record the changes in birds’ body mass. B. To prepare them for their future migration. C. To find the reason for their weight change. D. To find a way to save the Amazon rainforest. 2.In the study, what habitat changes did researchers find? A. High temperatures are rare. B. Weather gets more extreme. C. Wet seasons are getting drier. D. Rainfall increases in dry seasons. 3.How does Jirinec see the fact that birds are losing weight? A. It helps them lose extra heat. B. It makes them feel less cold. C. It keeps them in good shape. D. It enables them to hide easily. 4.What might be the best title for the text? A. Global Warming Is Threatening the Habits of Birds. B. Tropical Birds Population Is Experiencing a Sharp Drop. C. Tropical Birds Are Struggling to survive Dry Climates. D. Climate Change Is Causing Some Birds to Lose Weight. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究人员研究了80种热带鸟类过去40年的数据发现，它们的体重都在下降。鸟类的此种身体变化是为了适应气候变化。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It was found that 80 tropical bird species had experienced a drop in body mass (体重) over the past 40 years. However, why the birds changed in that way was unknown. Therefore, researchers decided to study the records of 15,000 birds living in a rainforest within a few hours’ drive from Manaus in Brazil.(据发现，80种热带鸟物种在过去的40年里已经经历了体重下降。然而，鸟类为什么会发生这种变化还不得而知。因此，研究人员决定研究15000只鸟的记录，这些鸟类生活在距离巴西玛瑙斯几个小时车程的热带雨林中。)”可知，此研究的目的是为了研究鸟类体重下降的原因。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“What’s more, 13% more rain falls in the wet season and 15% less in the dry season. The birds have lost body mass more sharply after extremely dry or wet seasons.(更重要的是，雨季降雨量增加13%，旱季降雨量减少15%。在极端干燥或潮湿的季节之后，这些鸟的体重会急剧下降。)”可知，被研究的鸟类的栖息地的雨季降雨量增加13%，旱季反而减少15%。由此可推断，鸟类栖息地的气候模式变得更为极端。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Birds of the same species are generally larger in colder areas. The leading theory is that their smaller surface-area-to-volume ratio (表面积和体积比) allows them to better save heat. “The opposite would help smaller species in hot climates to cool and could explain why birds are getting smaller as the climate warms,” says Jirinec. (同一种类的鸟在较冷的地区通常体型较大。主要的理论是，它们较小的表面积体积比使它们能够更好地保存热量。Jirinec说，“相反的情况可以帮助气候炎热的小型物种降温，并可以解释为什么随着气候变暖，鸟类会变得越来越小。”)”可知，在较冷的地区鸟的体型较大，从而能更好地保存热量，在Vitek Jirinec看来，相反的情况可以帮助它们降温，也就是鸟类体重减轻有利于它们散热。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段“With the changing climate across the world, bird species that live in tropical (热带的) areas — specifically in the remote, deep parts of Brazil’s Amazon rainforest — are slowly getting smaller in size. It was found that 80 tropical bird species had experienced a drop in body mass (体重) over the past 40 years.(随着世界气候的变化，生活在热带地区——尤其是遥远的巴西亚马逊雨林深处的热带鸟类的体型变得越来越小。80种热带鸟物种在过去的40年里已经经历了体重下降。)可知，文章主要介绍了一个研究发现——气候变化导致一些热带鸟类的体重在下降，体型缩小。故D项“气候变化导致一些鸟类体重下降”能概括全文内容。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·山东泰安第一中学·期中）Mosquitoes (蚊子) carry malaria (疟疾), which kills thousands of people each year. Now some researchers are trying to use genetic engineering (基因工程) to make them into partners in the fight against the disease. For years, public health officials have tried to limit the disease by controlling mosquito populations. “But that approach is short-term,” says Anthony James, a professor of biology and genetics at the University of California, Irvine, “because mosquitoes are very tough little insects, and their populations can quickly increase.” Therefore, James and his colleagues want to try a different approach: making mosquitoes themselves into malaria-fighting warriors, which is completely different from traditional ways of controlling malaria. To understand how it works, it helps to understand the life cycle of malaria. The malaria pathogen (病原体) is a parasite (寄生虫) that grow inside humans. It’s passed via mosquitoes that move from person to person, sucking blood. “If we can make the mosquitoes difficult for the pathogens to survive, we can wipe out the disease,” he says. But making mosquitoes uninviting to malaria is a Herculean task. To solve the problem, the team used a gene-editing technique called CRISPR. They started with genes from mice, whose immune systems do fight human malaria, engineered those genes, and then gave them to the mosquitoes. It turned out the gene-edited mosquitoes worked very well. They reduced the number of parasites in the mosquito before they were passed to a human host. James’ team are now working on planning a field trial, which he hopes could be done on an island or in another isolated location. But genetically changing wild animals does not sit well with environmentalists. “There’s no need to engineer a mosquito,” says Dana Perls, senior program manager for the emerging technology program at the non-profit Friends of the Earth. Perls points out that natural ways to reduce malaria appear to be showing promise, as does a new vaccine (疫苗) against the disease. “Why take unnecessary risks and use mosquitoes that can’t be controlled once sent into the wild?” she asks. 1.What can we know from the second and third paragraphs? A. Mosquitoes can reproduce quickly. B. Mosquitoes can be easily controlled. C. Mosquitoes have killed thousands of people. D. Mosquitoes have been used to fight against malaria. 2.What does the underlined phrase “a Herculean task” in Para.4 mean? A. A great comfort. B. A tough job. C. A narrow escape. D. A key factor. 3.What is environmentalists’ attitude towards this new approach? A. Unconcerned. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Unclear. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Preventing Malaria with a New Vaccine. B. Curing Malaria with Gene-edited mosquitoes. C. Limiting Malaria by Controlling Mosquito Populations D. Controlling Malaria by Engineering Mosquitoes’ Genes 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员如何利用基因工程使蚊子成为抗击疟疾的合作伙伴,同时分析了支持和反对这一方法的不同观点。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题，根据文章第二段“For years, public health officials have tried to limit the disease by controlling mosquito populations. “But that approach is short-term,” says Anthony James, a professor of biology and genetics at the University of California, Irvine, “because mosquitoes are very tough little insects, and their populations can quickly increase.” (多年来公共卫生官员一直试图通过控制蚊子数量来限制这种疾病。“但这种方法是短期的,”加州大学欧文分校生物学和遗传学教授Anthony James说,“因为蚊子是非常顽强的小昆虫,它们的数量可以迅速增加。”)”可知,蚊子的繁殖速度很快。故选A。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据下一段“To solve the problem, the team used a gene-editing technique called CRISPR. They started with genes from mice, whose immune systems do fight human malaria, engineered those genes, and then gave them to the mosquitoes. (为了解决这个问题,该团队使用了一种名为CRISPR的基因编辑技术。他们用老鼠的基因进行实验,老鼠的免疫系统确实能对抗人类疟疾,他们改造了这些基因,然后把它们交给蚊子。) ”可知，为了解决这个问题，团队需要使用基因编辑技术，由此可知，这个问题是一个很难解决的问题，故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But genetically changing wild animals does not sit well with environmentalists. “There’s no need to engineer a mosquito,” says Dana Perls, senior program manager for the emerging technology program at the non-profit Friends of the Earth .(但是,改变野生动物的基因并不受环保人士的欢迎。“没有必要改造蚊子”非营利组织地球之友新兴技术项目的高级项目经理Dana Pers说。).”可知，环保人士对于这种新方法的态度是不赞成的。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Mosquitoes (蚊子) carry malaria (疟疾), which kills thousands of people each year. Now some researchers are trying to use genetic engineering (基因工程) to make them into partners in the fight against the disease.(蚊子携带疟疾,每年导致数千人死亡。现在,一些研究人员正试图利用基因工程技术使它们成为对抗这种疾病的伙伴。)”可知，文章主要一些研究人员正试图利用基因工程技术使蚊子成为对抗这种疾病的伙伴。因此本文的最佳标题是D项“通过改造蚊子基因控制疟疾”。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $