专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，重庆专用）高二英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆九校联盟·期中）For most people, the idea of building the world’s largest single-dish radio telescope would seem like an impossible dream. For Nan Rendong, it was a mission that consumed the last 22 years of his life. In 1993, at an international astronomy conference, Nan, then a respected scientist in his late forties, felt a sting when China’s voice was absent from major global telescope projects. He conceived a bold idea: China should build its own large telescope. This vision would later become the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), nicknamed “China’s Eye on the Sky.” The journey was immensely challenging. The first hurdle was finding a suitable location. Nan led a team that spent over 10 years examining hundreds of karst depressions in the remote mountains of Guizhou Province. They often hiked for hours on rugged paths, battling harsh weather. Finally, they settled on the perfect natural bowl-like valley in Dawodang. As the chief scientist and project manager, Nan was involved in every detail. He inspired his team with his unwavering dedication and rigorous scientific standards. The project faced numerous technical obstacles, from developing the complex cable system to the delicate reflective panels. Through years of tireless effort and problem-solving, the team made one breakthrough after another. Sadly, Nan was diagnosed with lung cancer during the construction phase. Yet, even while receiving treatment, he continued to work, holding meetings in his hospital room and reviewing documents. He fought against time to see his dream realized. On September 25, 2016, FAST was officially completed. It is a marvel of modern engineering, allowing astronomers to explore the universe with unprecedented depth. Nan, however, passed away less than a year later, before FAST made its first major discovery of a new pulsar. Today, FAST stands as a monument to Nan Rendong’s vision, perseverance, and profound love for his country. He is remembered not just as a brilliant scientist, but as a national hero who dedicated his life to placing China at the forefront of astronomical research. 1.What initially inspired Nan Rendong to propose building FAST? A. The lack of China’s representation in international telescope projects. B. A direct order from the Chinese government. C. The discovery of a suitable location in Guizhou. D. His early research on pulsars. 2.How does the author describe Nan Rendong’s work on the project? A. He focused only on the theoretical design. B. He joined the project only in its final stages. C. He delegated all technical work to his team members. D. He was involved in every detail and led the team. 3.The word “unwavering” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to . A. uncertain B. steady and determined C. changing D. mild 4.Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain the technical specifications of the FAST telescope. B. To criticize the slow progress of scientific projects in China. C. To honor the life and achievements of a dedicated scientist. D. To compare FAST with other international telescopes. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国天眼之父南仁东的人物生平、贡献和精神品质。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“In 1993, at an international astronomy conference, Nan, then a respected scientist in his late forties, felt a sting when China’s voice was absent from major global telescope projects. He conceived a bold idea: China should build its own large telescope. This vision would later become the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), nicknamed “China’s Eye on the Sky.”(1993年，在一次国际天文学会议上，当时已年近五十、备受尊敬的科学家南先生感到一阵刺痛，因为中国的声音并未出现在全球主要的望远镜项目中。他萌生了一个大胆的想法：中国应该建造自己的大型望远镜。这个构想后来发展成了五百米口径球面射电望远镜（FAST），并被亲切地称为“中国天眼”)”可知，他提出这个想法是因为在国际会议上感到中国在这些项目中缺乏话语权。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“As the chief scientist and project manager, Nan was involved in every detail.(作为首席科学家和项目负责人，南先生参与了每一个细节的处理)”可知，他作为首席科学家和项目经理，参与了每一个细节。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“As the chief scientist and project manager, Nan was involved in every detail.(作为首席科学家和项目负责人，南先生参与了每一个细节的处理)”以及后文“dedication and rigorous scientific standards(奉献精神和严谨的科学标准)”可知，南先生参与了每一个细节的处理，体现了坚定不移的奉献。故划线词“unwavering dedication”意为“坚定不移的奉献”，与steady and determined意思最接近。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“For most people, the idea of building the world’s largest single-dish radio telescope would seem like an impossible dream. For Nan Rendong, it was a mission that consumed the last 22 years of his life.(对于大多数人而言，建造世界上最大的单口径射电望远镜这一想法似乎是个遥不可及的幻想。但对于南仁东而言，这却是一场耗尽他生命中最后22年的使命)”以及全文围绕南仁东如何提出、推动并最终建成FAST展开，颂扬了他的奉献和成就。即这篇文章的主要目的是为了纪念一位杰出科学家的一生及其成就。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆第一中学校·期中）Farming is moving indoors, where the sun never shines, where rainfall is irrelevant and where the climate is always right. The perfect crop field could be inside a windowless building with controlled light, temperature, wetness, air quality and nutrition. It could be a high-rise building in New York or a sprawling complex in the Saudi desert. It may be an answer to the world’s food problems. The world is already having trouble feeding itself. Half of the people on earth live in cities, and nearly half of those — about 3 billion — are hungry or ill-fed. Food prices, currently increasing, are buffeted by dryness, floods and the cost of energy required to plant, harvest and transport it. And prices will only get more unstable. Climate change makes long term crop planning uncertain. Farmers in many parts of the world are already using water available to the last drop. And the world is getting more crowded: by mid-century, the global hungry population will grow to 9 billion. To feed such a large population, people may need to expand farmland at the expense of forests and wilderness, or find ways to completely increase crop output. Gertjan Meeuws has taken the concept of greenhouse — growing vegetables and house plants in enclosed and controlled environments. In their research station, water flows into the pans when needed, and temperature is kept constant. Lights go on and off, creating similar day and night according to the rhythm of the plants. A building of 100 square meters and 14 layers of plants could provide a daily diet of 200 kilograms of fresh fruit and vegetables for the entire population of Den Bosch, about 140,000 people. Their idea is not to grow foods that require much space, like corn or potato. Here sunlight is not only unnecessary but can be harmful. Plants need only specific wavelengths of light to grow. Their growth rate is three times faster than those under greenhouse conditions. They use about 90 percent less water than outdoor agriculture. And city farming means producing food near consumers, so there’s no need to transport it long distances. 1.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A. Urbanization affects food prices. B. Global food security is in trouble. C. Farmers make the most of energy. D. The world’s population is expanding. 2.The underlined word “buffeted” in Paragraph 2 means “______”. A. badly affected B. sharply reduced C. steadily raised D. well achieved 3.What can be inferred from Gertjan Meeuws’s farming? A. It is the best way of farming. B. It helps save sea water a lot. C. It well suits different conditions. D. It boosts the production of corn. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. A great revolution in farming. B. Advantages of indoor farming. C. The development of indoor farming. D. Sunless and rainless indoor farming. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一种不受阳光、降雨影响的室内农业模式，及其应对全球粮食问题的潜力与优势。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“The world is already having trouble feeding itself. Half of the people on earth live in cities, and nearly half of those — about 3 billion — are hungry or ill-fed. Food prices, currently increasing, are buffeted by dryness, floods and the cost of energy required to plant, harvest and transport it. And prices will only get more unstable. Climate change makes long term crop planning uncertain. Farmers in many parts of the world are already using water available to the last drop. And the world is getting more crowded: by mid-century, the global hungry population will grow to 9 billion.(世界早已面临粮食自给的困境。全球一半人口居住在城市，而其中近半数 —— 约 30 亿人 —— 正遭受饥饿或营养不良之苦。目前食品价格持续上涨，还受到干旱、洪水以及种植、收获和运输所需能源成本的冲击。而且食品价格只会愈发不稳定。气候变化使长期作物规划变得难以确定。世界上许多地区的农民已经将可用水资源消耗殆尽。与此同时，全球人口还在不断增长：到本世纪中叶，全球饥饿人口将增至 90 亿)”可知，该段围绕全球粮食安全面临的多重困境展开，核心是说明“全球粮食安全陷入困境”。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Food prices, currently increasing, are buffeted by dryness, floods and the cost of energy required to plant, harvest and transport it.(目前食品价格正在上涨，受到干旱、洪水以及种植、收获和运输所需能源成本的buffeted)”可知，干旱、洪水、能源成本均为影响食品价格的负面因素，因此“buffeted”应表示“受到负面影响、冲击”。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The perfect crop field could be inside a windowless building with controlled light, temperature, wetness, air quality and nutrition. It could be a high-rise building in New York or a sprawling complex in the Saudi desert.(理想的农田或许存在于一间无窗建筑内 —— 这里的光照、温度、湿度、空气质量和养分均能精准调控。它既可以是纽约的一栋高层建筑，也可以是沙特沙漠中一处占地广阔的综合设施)”及最后一段中室内农业的优势描述可知，Gertjan Meeuws的农业模式不受地理位置、气候条件限制，能在不同环境下开展，因此可推断其“非常适合不同条件”。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段开篇点明“农业正转向室内，那里没有阳光、降雨无关紧要、气候始终适宜”；第二段阐述全球粮食问题，为室内农业的必要性铺垫；第三至六段介绍Gertjan Meeuws的室内农业模式、规模、优势（无需阳光、节水、就近生产等）。全文核心围绕“无阳光、无降雨的室内农业”展开，D项最能概括主旨。故选D项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆西南大学附中·期中）Picture a robot. What do you see? A metal machine built to last forever? Unfortunately, this very quality now threatens to drown the planet in extremely durable (持久的) e-waste. What if, instead, those machines were designed to break down and disappear — like life does? In a new study, researchers crafted a robotic arm, and a controller to operate it, from pork gelatin and plant cellulose — materials strong enough to function yet delicate enough to degrade (降解) in the soil. After testing, both structures broke down in soil within weeks. Biodegradable robotics often falls under the umbrella of soft robotics. The field originated from materials science and chemistry rather than conventional robots that come from mechanical engineering. But a lot of early soft robots still relied on chemical materials that continue to exist as pollution. Pingdong Wei, a materials scientist at Westlake University in Hangzhou, teamed up with his friend Zhuang Zhang, a robotics engineer now at Fudan University in Shanghai, to assemble (组装) robots for the study. They started with cellulose layers from cotton, then added glycerol for flexibility and dried the layers for strength. “Cellulose is also cheap and easy to assemble,” Wei says. To build sensors, the researchers used a conductive gelatin from pork. They then folded the layers and sensors into 3D structures. Wei and Zhang found the controller and robotic arm stood up to both heavy use and a week of inactivity. Finally, they buried them both in a 20-centimeter-deep hole near their campus. Within eight weeks the machines were almost entirely gone. Wei and Zhang envision robots that can handle dangerous waste and then disappear. They also propose robots that aid surgeries and then safely break down inside the body. But it’s important to note that the technology is in very early stages. “If we truly want to have a sustainable robot that goes outside in nature,” a materials scientist Florian Hartmann says, “we also need to think of electronics or power supplies, or even batteries, that are biodegradable.” 1.What do we know about early soft robots? A. They are made of natural materials. B. They are too delicate for heavy use. C. They will produce e-waste pollution. D. They come from mechanical engineering. 2.Why did Wei and Zhang bury the controller and robotic arm? A. To see if they can work in soil B. To check if they can stay inactive. C. To test if they can break down. D. To assess if they can handle waste. 3.Which of the following best describes the robots in the new study? A. Safe to operate. B. Easy to degrade. C. Costly to produce. D. Complex to assemble. 4.What does Hartmann mainly talk about in the last paragraph? A. The necessity for sustainable robots. B. The potential applications of soft robots. C. The possibility of improving power supplies. D. The suggestions for future soft robot research. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。介绍了研究人员研发的可生物降解机器人——用猪肉明胶和植物纤维素等材料制作，能在土壤中几周内降解，同时提及该技术的研发过程、潜在应用及未来研究方向。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“a lot of early soft robots still relied on chemical materials that continue to exist as pollution (许多早期的软机器人仍依赖会长期残留并造成污染的材料)”可知，早期软机器人会产生电子垃圾污染。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“they buried them both in a 20-centimeter-deep hole near their campus. Within eight weeks the machines were almost entirely gone (他们将两者埋在校园附近一个20厘米深的坑里。八周内，这些设备几乎完全降解消失了)”可知，掩埋控制器和机械臂是为了测试它们是否能降解。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“materials strong enough to function yet delicate enough to degrade (降解) in the soil. After testing, both structures broke down in soil within weeks (这些材料强度足以支持功能运转，同时又足够易损，能在土壤中降解。经测试，两种结构都在几周内于土壤中分解了)”可知，新研究中的机器人易于降解。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“we also need to think of electronics or power supplies, or even batteries, that are biodegradable (我们还需要考虑可生物降解的电子元件、电源，甚至电池)”可知，他主要提出了未来软机器人研究的建议——需配套可生物降解的电子元件、电源等。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆实验外国语学校·期中）A joint team from Peking University (PKU) and City University of Hong Kong has developed a groundbreaking photonic chip (光子芯片), which contributes to an ultra-wideband system (超宽带系统) capable of high-speed, frequency-tunable wireless transmission — a world-first achievement that is expected to enhance the reliability and efficiency of future 6G networks. What makes this chip special is its ability to cover an extremely wide frequency range — from 0.5 GHz to 115 GHz. This means a single chip can handle multiple frequency bands that previously required several separate devices. Its transmission speed can go beyond 120 gigabits per second, fast enough to download multiple high-definition movies in just one second. What makes this chip even more remarkable is its intelligence: it can automatically detect which frequency bands are crowded and switch to less busy ones. “This technology is like building a super-wide highway where electronic signals are vehicles and frequency bands are lanes (车道)”, explained Wang Xingjun, deputy dean of the School of Electronics at PKU. Previously, signals were crowded into one or two lanes, but now many lanes are available. If one lane is blocked, signals can switch flexibly to another, ensuring faster and smoother communication, Wang said. This breakthrough is based on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate (薄膜铌酸锂), a special material that allows the chip to process signals efficiently while reducing power consumption, solving a key problem in the development of practical 6G systems. Experiments have demonstrated that the system is capable of achieving wireless transmission rates higher than 100 Gbps, which is sufficient to stream 1,000 8K ultra-high-definition videos at the same time. It means that future 6G networks are expected to support cutting-edge applications such as remote surgery and advanced virtual reality, as well as provide connections from the deep sea to outer space. Currently, the research team is aiming to minimize its size, weight and power consumption. This progress showcases China’s growing strength in next-generation communication technology and brings us one step closer to the 6G era. 1.What is a key advantage of this new photonic chip? A. Lower production costs. B. Supports from universities. C. A broad frequency coverage. D. Maximized energy efficiency. 2.How does the author illustrate the chip’s intelligence? A. By comparing it to a flexible road system. B. By describing its application in communication. C. By listing its advantages over traditional devices. D. By explaining its role in energy consumption. 3.What does this progress indicate about China? A. Its economic competitiveness. B. Its leadership in 6G development. C. Its focus on international cooperation. D. Its efforts in cutting power consumption. 4.What’s the purpose of this passage? A. To explain challenges ahead in 6G network. B. To introduce a new chip for 6G communication. C. To compare differences between 5G and 6G networks. D. To discuss China’s attempts in global chip production. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了北大与香港城大联合研发出全球首款超宽带光子芯片，频率覆盖广、传输速度快且具智能切换功能，助力6G发展，彰显中国下一代通信技术实力。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“What makes this chip special is its ability to cover an extremely wide frequency range — from 0.5 GHz to 115 GHz.(这款芯片的独特之处在于其能够覆盖极其宽广的频率范围——从0.5GHz到115GHz )”可知，这种新型光子芯片的主要优势是频率覆盖范围广。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“What makes this chip even more remarkable is its intelligence: it can automatically detect which frequency bands are crowded and switch to less busy ones. “This technology is like building a super-wide highway where electronic signals are vehicles and frequency bands are lanes”, explained Wang Xingjun, deputy dean of the School of Electronics at PKU. Previously, signals were crowded into one or two lanes, but now many lanes are available. If one lane is blocked, signals can switch flexibly to another, ensuring faster and smoother communication,Wang said.(这款芯片之所以更加出色，还在于其智能化的特点：它能够自动检测哪些频段使用率高，并切换到使用率较低的频段。北京大学电子学院副院长王兴军解释道：“这项技术就像修建了一条超宽的高速公路，电子信号就是车辆，而频段就是车道。”以前，信号只能挤在一条或两条车道上，但现在有了许多车道可供选择。如果一条车道堵塞了，信号可以灵活地切换到另一条车道，从而确保通信速度更快、更顺畅，王说道)”可知，作者通过将其与灵活的交通系统进行对比阐释芯片的智能性。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“This progress showcases China’s growing strength in next-generation communication technology and brings us one step closer to the 6G era.(这一进展彰显了中国在下一代通信技术方面不断增强的实力，并使我们离6G时代又迈进了一步)”可知，这一进展表明了中国在6G发展方面的领先地位。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“A joint team from Peking University (PKU) and City University of Hong Kong has developed a groundbreaking photonic chip, which contributes to an ultra-wideband system capable of high-speed, frequency-tunable wireless transmission — a world-first achievement that is expected to enhance the reliability and efficiency of future 6G networks.(北京大学与香港城市大学联合团队研发出一款具有开创性意义的光子芯片，该芯片助力构建了一套超宽带系统，可实现高速、频率可调的无线传输 —— 这一全球首创成果有望提升未来6G网络的可靠性与效率)”结合文章主要说明了北大与香港城大联合研发出全球首款超宽带光子芯片，频率覆盖广、传输速度快且具智能切换功能，助力6G发展，彰显中国下一代通信技术实力。可知，这篇文章的目的是介绍一种用于6G通信的新芯片。故选B。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆渝东九校·期中）Many people are unsure about drinking water before meals. They worry it might dilute their stomach acid. However, a new study finds that drinking water before eating can support weight loss and provide other health advantages. Having water before a meal helps you feel fuller, which reduces how much food you eat. It can also affect your food choices. When your body has sufficient water, it tends to prefer protein over high-calorie carbohydrates (碳水化合物). Drinking more water, particularly before meals, can lower your fasting blood sugar. While it is not a treatment for overweight, this simple habit helps control blood sugar and may prevent the condition from deteriorating. Water is also good for your blood circulation. Health experts recommend starting your day with a glass of warm water. This may lower your risk of blood clots and heart problems. The suggested amount is 200-400 ml, at a warm temperature of 35℃-40℃. If you often feel constipated (便秘), drinking more warm water can improve your digestion. Do not replace water with drinks like soda or coffee, as warm water is much better for your digestive system. The best way to stay hydrated is to drink water regularly in small amounts. The recommended approach includes drinking about 200-250ml each time, with regular intervals between servings. Contrary to popular belief, drinking water during meals is perfectly acceptable. Some people find water tasteless and choose sugary drinks instead. But too many sweet drinks can lead to weight gain and harm both your overall health and your teeth. 1.What effect does enough water in your body have on food preferences? A. It increases desire for high-sugar foods. B. It makes people dislike high-protein foods. C. It causes a preference for protein D. It reduces interest in various foods completely. 2.The word “deteriorating” in paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. improving gradually B. becoming worse C. disappearing instantly D. being controlled 3.What can be inferred about drinking water during meals? A. It challenges common beliefs about drinking water. B. It is less effective than drinking water before meals. C. It is a harmful habit that affects digestion. D. It is the most important time to drink water. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The dangers of replacing water with sugary drinks. B. The debate over whether to drink water during meals. C. The benefits of drinking water and recommended approaches. D. The health problems cured by drinking water. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了饭前喝水的好处，包括帮助减肥、影响食物选择、控制血糖、改善血液循环和消化，并给出了喝水的量和温度的建议，同时指出吃饭时喝水是完全可以的。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“When your body has sufficient water, it tends to prefer protein over high-calorie carbohydrates.(当你的身体有足够的水分时，它倾向于选择蛋白质而不是高热量碳水化合物。)”可知，当体内有足够的水时，身体倾向于选择蛋白质而不是高热量碳水化合物，也就是说，身体会更偏好蛋白质。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Drinking more water, particularly before meals, can lower your fasting blood sugar. While it is not a treatment for overweight, this simple habit helps control blood sugar and may prevent the condition from deteriorating.(多喝水，特别是在饭前，可以降低空腹血糖。虽然这不是治疗超重的方法，但这个简单的习惯有助于控制血糖，并可能防止病情______)”可知，多喝水有助于控制血糖，并可能防止病情恶化，即防止病情变得更糟，所以deteriorating在此处的意思是“变得更糟”。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Contrary to popular belief, drinking water during meals is perfectly acceptable.(与普遍看法相反，吃饭时喝水是完全可以的。)”可知，吃饭时喝水与普遍看法相反，也就是说，吃饭时喝水挑战了关于喝水的普遍看法。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了饭前喝水的好处，包括帮助减肥、影响食物选择、控制血糖、改善血液循环和消化，并给出了喝水的量和温度的建议，同时指出吃饭时喝水是完全可以的。由此可知，文章主要介绍了喝水的好处和建议的方法。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆渝北中学·期中）Recently, a zoo located in the deep mountains has become popular. There are no eye-catching signs, grand gates, or high-tech facilities. The only way to reach this zoo is a winding mountain road built by the zoo director himself. It is such a “rustic-style” zoo that even locals didn’t know about it but recently, it has become a hit online. When you enter the zoo, what catches your eye are tidy animal enclosures and energetic animals. There are more than 20 species of national protected animals here, including Amur tigers, Bengal tigers, vultures and leopards. Each animal has its own name — such as “Xiong Da”, “Xiong Er”, “Da Kai” and “Xiao Kai”. The animals are cared for and cherished like children, and every detail here shows the love of their “guardians” behind them. The director of this zoo is a 70-year-old man named Feng Yuanyong. He used to be an educator. After retiring, he came from Suzhou, Anhui Province to Kaili to help his younger brother run this zoo and he has stayed here for ten years. Over the decade, he has taken on multiple roles: zoo director, ticket seller, guide and animal feeder. He has handled all these jobs by himself. Feng Yuanyong always adheres to the principle of “Animals First”: “No matter how poor we are, we always prioritize the animals’ food and water to ensure their health.” Sometimes, he even uses his own pension to cover the zoo’s expenses, such as animal feed and facility maintenance. In this era of prevalent consumerism, the “price persistence” of Kaili Zoo is particularly precious. Feng Yuanyong simply shared his original intention: “Making money is not my goal; being with the animals brings me joy.” Even though his hands are covered with old calluses and new wounds, he still feels happy here: “Happiness is a personal feeling; being content with oneself is happiness.” Now this 70-year-old man’s persistence has finally been noticed. The city of Kaili has launched a series of environmental improvement measures, including repairing the road leading to the zoo, sending more sanitation workers for daily cleaning, and adding public toilets. Director Feng recently said that with everyone’s joint help, the zoo’s financial situation has improved. He has also hired back workers to take care of the animals together. 1.What is the main reason for the zoo’s becoming a hit? A. Its remote location and lack of publicity. B. Its magnificent gate and modern facilities. C. Its country-style and well-cared-for animals. D. Its clean environment and a self-built mountain road. 2.What can be learnt about Feng Yuanyong? A. He managed the Kaili Zoo alone after his retirement. B. He named some zoo animals after cartoon characters. C. He spent more than a decade adopting many animals. D. He used his own money to support the zoo’s operation. 3.What is the work like according to Feng Yuanyong? A. Enjoyable and fulfilling. B. Tiring and rewarding. C. Challenging and valueless. D. Demanding and stressful. 4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The improved conditions of the zoo. B. Feng’s appreciation for public attention. C. The re-employment of workers in the zoo. D. The assistance provided by the local authorities. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。深山里的乡土风动物园意外走红，70岁园长冯元勇十年坚守“动物优先”原则，悉心照料动物，如今动物园获助力，条件得以改善。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“It is such a “rustic-style” zoo that even locals didn’t know about it but recently, it has become a hit online.(这是一个极具“乡村风格”的动物园，就连当地人都不知道它的存在，但最近却在网上走红了)”以及第二段“When you enter the zoo, what catches your eye are tidy animal enclosures and energetic animals.(当你走进动物园时，首先映入眼帘的便是整洁的动物笼舍和充满活力的动物们)”可知，该动物园大受欢迎是因为其动物具有浓郁的乡村特色且被悉心照料。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Sometimes, he even uses his own pension to cover the zoo’s expenses, such as animal feed and facility maintenance.(有时，他甚至会用自己的养老金来支付动物园的各项费用，比如动物饲料和设施维护的费用)”可知，冯元勇用自己的钱来支持动物园的运营。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Feng Yuanyong simply shared his original intention: “Making money is not my goal; being with the animals brings me joy.” Even though his hands are covered with old calluses and new wounds, he still feels happy here: “Happiness is a personal feeling; being content with oneself is happiness.”(冯元勇简单地分享了他的初衷：“赚钱不是我的目标；与动物们相处能给我带来快乐。”尽管他的双手布满了老茧和新伤痕，但他仍在这里感到快乐：“快乐是一种个人的感受；对自己感到满足就是快乐。”)”可知，冯元勇认为这份工作令人愉快且很有成就感。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Now this 70-year-old man’s persistence has finally been noticed. The city of Kaili has launched a series of environmental improvement measures, including repairing the road leading to the zoo, sending more sanitation workers for daily cleaning, and adding public toilets. Director Feng recently said that with everyone’s joint help, the zoo’s financial situation has improved. He has also hired back workers to take care of the animals together.(如今，这位七旬老人的坚持终于得到了关注。凯里市已推出一系列环境整治举措，包括修缮通往动物园的道路、增派环卫工人负责日常保洁，以及增设公共卫生间。冯园长近日表示，在众人的齐心助力下，动物园的财务状况已有好转，他也重新聘用了工作人员，一同照料园内动物)”可知，最后一段主要讲了动物园状况的改善。故选A。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·重庆南开中学校·期中）More and more women are “marrying down” in terms of education, reported The Atlantic. During the mid-20th century, marriages became more egalitarian as more women entered universities and the job market. But now, the trend of women partnering with educational equals is changing — more are practicing “hypogamy”, which means marrying someone of lower social class or education. In almost all developed countries, women outnumber men in higher education. In the UK, women first surpassed men in university admissions in 1996, and the gap grew: 2024 government data showed female students were 28% more than males. While this advancement is worth celebrating, it causes issues in relationships, noted The Independent. There has been an increase in “assortative mating”, where people want their potential partners to have the same education level as them. However, a 2023 study found 45% of single educated women blamed their status on “inability to find someone meeting expectations”. Yale’s Marcia Inhorn said women struggled to find partners meeting the “three ‘E’s: eligible (合格的), educated, equal”. It’s not just pickiness. Polling expert Daniel A. Cox surveyed over 5,000 people and found his interviews with the male participants “discouraging” — many were “limited in their ability and willingness to be fully emotionally present and available”. Therefore women feel down about dating. A 2023 Survey Center on American Life study found 41% of single women had “no interest in dating at all”. The Economist warned this pessimistic attitude might hurt falling birth rates, urging policymakers to fix root causes like underperforming boys’ education. It’s not all bad, though. The Atlantic noted shifting beliefs: Fewer people agreed “a wife earning more than her husband causes problems”. While hypogamous marriages used to be more likely to end in divorce, recent analyses suggest this is “no longer the case”. These trends might offer a reason to be cautiously optimistic about society’s ability to adjust to new realities. 1.What does the underlined word “egalitarian” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Complicated. B. Equal. C. Depressive. D. Diverse. 2.Why did Daniel find his interviews with the male participants “discouraging”? A. They reject the idea of “assortative mating". B. Few of them have received higher education. C. They lack the ability to be fully devoted and attentive. D. Most of them hold traditional views about women’s social roles. 3.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Wives’ higher incomes are becoming more acceptable. B. Policymakers have solved the problem of boys’ poor education. C. 41% of educated single women have no interest in bearing a child. D. Hypogamous marriages now lead to a higher divorce rate than before. 4.What topic is the passage mainly about? A. The ways to solve the problem of low birth rate among young people. B. The reasons why women are more likely to receive higher education. C. The trend of women “marrying down” and its influences on society. D. The differences between “marrying up” and “marrying down”. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了女性在教育程度方面“下嫁”的趋势及其对社会的影响，包括这种趋势产生的原因、人们对它的态度变化以及它可能带来的积极影响。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“During the mid-20th century, marriages became more egalitarian as more women entered universities and the job market. (在20世纪中期，随着越来越多的女性进入大学和就业市场，婚姻变得更加egalitarian)”以及后文“more are practicing “hypogamy”, which means marrying someone of lower social class or education (现在，越来越多的女性实行“下嫁”，即嫁给社会阶层或教育程度较低的人)”可知，20世纪中期女性进入大学和就业市场后，婚姻模式发生了变化，不再是传统的模式，而是更加平等了，所以“egalitarian”意思是“平等的”，与equal意思相近。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Polling expert Daniel A. Cox surveyed over 5,000 people and found his interviews with the male participants “discouraging” — many were “limited in their ability and willingness to be fully emotionally present and available”. (民意调查专家Daniel A. Cox对5千多人进行了调查，发现他对男性参与者的采访“令人沮丧” —— 许多人在能力和意愿上都有局限，无法全身心地投入情感并随时陪伴)”可知，Daniel觉得和男性参与者的采访“令人沮丧”是因为他们缺乏全身心投入和关注的能力。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The Economist warned this pessimistic attitude might hurt falling birth rates, urging policymakers to fix root causes like underperforming boys’ education. (《经济学人》警告说，这种悲观态度可能会对不断下降的出生率造成伤害，敦促政策制定者解决男孩教育表现不佳等根本原因)”以及最后一段中“The Atlantic noted shifting beliefs: Fewer people agreed “a wife earning more than her husband causes problems”. (《大西洋月刊》指出观念的转变：越来越少的人认同“妻子收入比丈夫高会带来问题”)”可推知，妻子收入更高正逐渐被人们接受。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“More and more women are “marrying down” in terms of education, reported The Atlantic. (据《大西洋月刊》报道，越来越多的女性在教育程度方面“下嫁”)”以及最后一段中“These trends might offer a reason to be cautiously optimistic about society’s ability to adjust to new realities. (这些趋势可能为我们对社会适应新现实的能力持谨慎乐观态度提供了一个理由)”可知，文章主要讲述了女性“下嫁”的趋势以及这种趋势对社会的影响。故选C项。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·重庆第八中学校·期中）A roadside system that detects if a mobile phone is in use in a passing vehicle is being tested in the UK first. Despite being unable to tell whether the driver is using the phone, it is hoped that it will act as a warning to people who make calls behind the wheel. The technology picks up the phone signal in the vehicle and activates a roadside warning sign of a mobile phone with a red line through it. The system cannot tell the difference between a driver and a passenger on a bus, but to some degree it can warn drivers that they can be detected using their phones. Using a directional antenna (天线)，the detector picks up radio waves produced by a phone handset, and measures the signal strength and length of them. When a signal is detected of duration (持续时间) long enough and signal strength strong enough to set off the system, the detector activates the warning sign. The detector is able to distinguish Bluetooth connections or hands-free devices which, when picked up, will prevent the activation. While this new system is no replacement for a police officer catching someone in the act, it could be enough to make some drivers think twice- and that has to be a positive step forward. However, just as technology has enabled the problem of drivers using mobile phones illegally, it can also be a big part of the solution in getting people to stop. Statistics from the devices will be shared with Norfolk Police, the county council said. The council said that enabling the system to record specific number plates could be a "future development". Using a mobile phone at the wheel is one of the four road crimes which can have horrible consequences if it causes a deadly or serious car crash. Law enforcement (执行) technology has been falling behind for a decade and not made any easier by motor producers that encourage users to plug in their phones even before driving. 1.Why is the roadside system used according to Paragraph 1? A. To send out cellphone signals to drivers. B. To detect drivers' illegal use of cellphone. C. To monitor people's use of phones while driving. D. To warm people against using pones while driving. 2.How does the detector of the roadside system work? A. It measures the length of the phone. B. It warns drivers with a phone in hand. C. It picks up radio waves from handsets. D. It activates the vehicle's Bluetooth system. 3.What does the text suggest drivers do with the road warning sign? A. Swift to Bluetooth while driving. B. Have a close watch of road signs. C. Avoid being picked up by detectors. D. Stop using a hands-free mobile phone. 4.What will the county council probably do in the future? A. Share the devices with the police. B. Make the system more advanced. C. Replace the police with the new system. D. Take steps to settle road safety problems. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. B 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国设置的路边检测系统，其目的在于对开车使用手机的那些司机进行提醒，虽然不能抓捕，但对他们是一个严重的警告。以此呼吁减少开车使用电话的现象。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Despite being unable to tell whether the driver is using the phone, it is hoped that it will act as a warning to people who make calls behind the wheel.(尽管无法判断司机是否在使用手机，但希望它能对开车打电话的人起到警告作用。)”可知，路边交通系统是警告人们不要开车使用手机。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The technology picks up the phone signal in the vehicle and activates a roadside warning sign of a mobile phone with a red line through it.(该技术获取车辆中的电话信号并激活路边产生红线警告标志。)”可知，路边系统的探测器通过接收手机的无线电波来工作的。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The detector is able to distinguish Bluetooth connections or hands-free devices which, when picked up, will prevent the activation.( 检测器能够区分蓝牙连接或免提设备，这些设备在拿起后会阻止激活。)”可知，司机驾驶时如果用手机，可以进行蓝牙连接或者免提设备。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The council said that enabling the system to record specific number plates could be a "future development".(该委员会表示，允许系统记录特定车牌可能是“未来的发展”。)”可推断，郡议会将来可能会使设备更先进。故选B。 主题语境03 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高二上·重庆凤鸣山中学·期中）Simply being quiet is a growing appeal. Lots of business have appeared to meet a rising demand for quiet time, from silent weekend getaways to silent dining, silent reading parties and even silent dating. Silence can mean different things to different people. We are usually silent only with those closest to us. So there is something almost radical(不同凡响的)about the recent trend towards enjoying silence with strangers. Mariel started a regular silent reading party in Dundee just under a year ago. Readers bring their books and meet in a bar, where they read together in silence for an hour or sometimes two and then put their books away to chat and have a drink. “When the reading party starts, everything goes quiet,” says Mariel, “ It’s a little bit surreal (超现实的), especially in what is usually a noisy bar. However, there is something special about sharing the silence with others. It offers a chance to escape from reality; everyone is so busy with work and with technology being ever present. An event like this gives people the opportunity to escape these things for a while.” Honi Ryan is an artist based in Berlin who began hosting silent dinner back in 2006. The rules of the dinner are: no talking, no using your voice, no reading or writing, trying to make as little noise as possible, not connecting with technology, and staying for at least two hours. So far she has taken her silent dinner project to Mexico, the US, Australia and China. “It’s evident that the age-old connections we make over food do not depend on the words around it. Silence creates the space for the people and places involved to fill with whatever is needed; it is quite different from our usual social behaviors.” 1.Why have lots of silent businesses appeared? A. To satisfy people’s demand for silence. B. To make people get close to each other. C. To appeal to young people. D. To change people’s old way of life. 2.What can we learn about Mariel’s silent reading parties? A. Readers can use their voice while reading. B. Readers can be busy with their work. C. Readers can connect with technology. D. Readers can chat and drink after reading. 3.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to . A. noise B. space C. silence D. food 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Escape from Reality. B. Enjoying Being Quiet. C. Silent Reading Parties. D. Silent Dining Projects. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。保持安静越来越吸引人。很多商家似乎都在满足人们对安静时间日益增长的需求，从安静的周末出游到安静的用餐、安静的阅读派对，甚至是安静的约会。作者结合两个具体的实例，来告诉我们享受属于自己的安静。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段Lots of business have appeared to meet a rising demand for quiet time可知，为了满足人们对安静时间日益增长的需求出现了很多企业。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段Readers bring their books and meet in a bar, where they read together in silence for an hour or sometimes two and then put their books away to chat and have a drink. 可知，读者们带着他们的书，在一个酒吧见面，在那里他们默默无闻地读了一到两个小时，然后把书放在一边聊天，喝一杯。在Mariel沉默阅读聚会后，人们可以把书放在一边聊天，喝一杯。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据前一句Silence creates the space for the people and places involved to fill with whatever is needed可知，沉默为相关人员和场所创造了空间，让他们能够满足任何需要；再结合划线单词所在句内容可知，此处it指代的是前文的silence“沉默”。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。阅读文章并结合文章第一段Simply being quiet is a growing appeal.可知，保持安静越来越吸引人。很多商家似乎都在满足人们对安静时间日益增长的需求，从安静的周末出游到安静的用餐、安静的阅读派对，甚至是安静的约会。作者结合两个具体的实例，来告诉我们享受属于自己的安静。所以短文的最佳标题为“享受安静”。故选B。 【点睛】 代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象，包括考查it（指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them(指代人、物、事件的复数名词)，he/she等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意义，考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人，物，事件的认知能力。解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。例如，在第3小题中，同学们要将划线单词it前一句读完，才能理清it指代的对象是silence。 主题语境04 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆万州第二高级中学·期中）Google Shopping is transforming the way people discover and purchase fashion items by integrating advanced AI tools that make shopping more intuitive and personalized. Every day, over a billion shopping searches occur on Google, yet more than half of shoppers report difficulties finding products that match their specific vision—whether it’s a “colorful midi dress with big daisies” or “tailored wide-leg trousers.” To bridge this gap, Google has rolled out innovative features designed to enhance product discovery and decision-making. One standout feature is Vision Match, now available to all mobile users in the U. S. This tool allows shoppers to describe their ideal item in detail—such as “strapless satin evening gown with lace trim”—and generate AI-powered visual suggestions. By selecting the “Can’t find it? Create it!” option or using the “Create & shop” button in the Shopping tab, users receive tailored recommendations that bring their fashion ideas to life. The feature not only displays AI-generated images but also surfaces similar purchasable products from various retailers. Another key advancement is the expanded virtual try-on tool, which now includes pants, skirts, and dresses in addition to tops. When browsing items labeled with a “try on” badge, shoppers can see how garments fit on real models representing a wide range of body types, from XXS to XXL. Google’s improved machine learning models even generate complete outfit previews, pairing selected bottoms with complementary tops and shoes for a realistic styling experience. This helps users visualize how pieces will look in real life, reducing uncertainty and boosting confidence in their purchases. By combining AI-generated visuals, precise search matching, and immersive try-on capabilities, Google Shopping is addressing common frustrations in online fashion retail. These tools aim to replicate (复制) the in-store experience of exploring styles and assessing fit, all within a digital platform. While currently limited to the U. S. market, these innovations signal a shift toward more interactive, user-centric e-commerce—one where finding the perfect item is as simple as describing it or seeing it worn before clicking “buy”. 1.What is the main purpose of Google Shopping’s new AI tools? A. To favor certain retailers. B. To replace human designers. C. To decrease search numbers. D. To enhance shopping experience. 2.How does the “Vision Match” feature work? A. By completing purchases automatically. B. By generating AI-based visual suggestions. C. By enabling custom clothing design services. D. By displaying only partnered brands’ products. 3.What is a key benefit of the virtual try-on tool? A. It displays clothing fit on diverse body types. B. It provides discounts for trying items virtually. C. It automatically creates outfits from different stores. D. It allows users to redesign clothes before purchasing. 4.What future trend does Google Shopping’s AI signal? A. More physical stores. B. Less product details. C. Fewer global markets. D. Interactive online shopping. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了谷歌购物通过整合先进的人工智能工具来革新人们发现和购买时尚商品的方式，并详细阐述了其新工具的特点和优势。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Google Shopping is transforming the way people discover and purchase fashion items by integrating advanced AI tools that make shopping more intuitive and personalized.(谷歌购物通过整合先进的人工智能工具，正在改变人们发现和购买时尚商品的方式，使购物更加直观和个性化。)”可知，谷歌购物新的人工智能工具的主要目的是提升购物体验。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“This tool allows shoppers to describe their ideal item in detail —such as “strapless satin evening gown with lace trim” — and generate AI-powered visual suggestions.(这个工具允许购物者详细描述他们理想的商品，比如“无肩带缎面蕾丝边晚礼服”，然后生成基于人工智能的视觉建议。)”可知，“Vision Match”功能通过生成基于人工智能的视觉建议来工作。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“When browsing items labeled with a “try on” badge, shoppers can see how garments fit on real models representing a wide range of body types, from XXS to XXL.(在浏览带有“试穿”标签的商品时，购物者可以看到这些服装穿在代表从XXS到XXL各种体型真人模特身上的效果。)”可知，虚拟试穿工具的主要好处是它展示了不同体型的人的服装合身度。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“While currently limited to the U. S. market, these innovations signal a shift toward more interactive, user-centric e-commerce — one where finding the perfect item is as simple as describing it or seeing it worn before clicking “buy”.(虽然目前仅限于美国市场，但这些创新预示着电子商务将朝着更加互动、以用户为中心的方向发展——在这个方向上，找到完美的商品就像描述它或在点击“购买”之前看到它被穿着一样简单。)”可知，谷歌购物的人工智能预示着互动式网上购物的趋势。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆铁路中学校·期中）Physical cash not only influences how much we spend but also facilitates an intense sense of psychological ownership that digital payments don’t have, according to new research. The study suggests as cash disappears from our wallets, so too does our awareness of spending, leading to unthinking and unnecessary buying. Maintaining a physical element in our payment systems may be vital for promoting responsible spending behaviors. Dr Jashim Khan, lead-author of the study said, “The nature of cash — its smell, feel and the act of counting it — creates an emotional connection that digital payments lack. When handling cash, we aren’t just spending money; we’re parting with a piece of ourselves.” The research team conducted their study in two distinct cultures, New Zealand and China, using focus groups and open-ended questionnaires to gather rich, detailed data about consumer experiences with cash and cashless payment methods. Participants were asked to describe their feelings and behaviors surrounding the use of different payment modes. They found that cash promotes heightened awareness of spending, while cards and apps often lead to a disconnection from the money being spent. While 50% of transactions in China are made through app-based payments, participants expressed a lessened sense of ownership over their funds. Plus, happy and secure as people feel using third-party payment apps, they at times struggle with a sense of loss when parting with cash. In contrast, the ease of digital payments often results in mindless spending, as the credibility of cash is replaced by abstract numbers on a screen. The research shows cash. isn’t just money — it’s a way to stay connected to what we spend. Holding cash in our hands reminds us of its value, something that digital payments can make easy to forget. Moving to a cashless society means we need to understand how different payment choices affect us, not just financially but emotionally. Keeping this in mind enables us to make better decisions concerning money in a world where money often feels invisible. 1.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The emotional weight of cash. B. The popularity of digital payments. C. The reasons for currency exchange. D. The consequences of overconsumption. 2.How did the researchers get the outcome of their study? A. By interviewing high-income groups. B. By studying existing theories on money. C. By summarizing replies from respondents. D. By observing consumers’ behaviors firsthand. 3.What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. People should use money wisely. B. Money makes the world go round. C. Cash is inconvenient and outdated. D. Cash payment is safer than digital payments. 4.In which publication is the text most likely to appear? A. Motor Trend, B. Science Daily. C. Art and Design. D. Muscle and Fitness. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项关于现金支付和数字支付对人们消费行为和情感影响的研究。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段中““The nature of cash — its smell, feel and the act of counting it — creates an emotional connection that digital payments lack. When handling cash, we aren’t just spending money; we’re parting with a piece of ourselves.”(现金的本质——气味、感觉和数钱的行为——创造了一种数字支付所缺乏的情感联系。当我们处理现金时，我们不仅仅是在花钱；我们正在失去自己的一部分。”)”可知，现金的气味、感觉和数钱的行为会产生一种数字支付所缺乏的情感联系，当使用现金时，我们不只是在花钱，而是在与自己的一部分分离。所以第二段主要讲的是现金的情感分量。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“The research team conducted their study in two distinct cultures, New Zealand and China, using focus groups and open-ended questionnaires to gather rich, detailed data about consumer experiences with cash and cashless payment methods. Participants were asked to describe their feelings and behaviors surrounding the use of different payment modes.( 研究小组在新西兰和中国这两个不同的文化中进行了研究，使用焦点小组和开放式问卷来收集有关现金和无现金支付方式的消费者体验的丰富详细数据。参与者被要求描述他们在使用不同支付模式时的感受和行为。)”可知，研究团队在新西兰和中国这两种不同文化中，使用焦点小组和开放式问卷来收集关于消费者使用现金和无现金支付方式的丰富详细数据，让参与者描述他们使用不同支付方式时的感受和行为，也就是通过总结受访者的回答来得出研究结果。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Moving to a cashless society means we need to understand how different payment choices affect us, not just financially but emotionally. Keeping this in mind enables us to make better decisions concerning money in a world where money often feels invisible.( 迈向无现金社会意味着我们需要了解不同的支付方式对我们的影响，不仅是经济上的，还有情感上的。记住这一点可以让我们在一个金钱往往是无形的世界里做出更好的决定。)”可知，进入无现金社会意味着我们需要了解不同支付选择对我们的影响，不仅是经济上的，还有情感上的，记住这一点能让我们在一个金钱常常感觉无形的世界里做出更好的关于金钱的决策，也就是暗示人们应该明智地使用金钱。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Physical cash not only influences how much we spend but also facilitates an intense sense of psychological ownership that digital payments don’t have, according to new research.( 根据一项新的研究，现金不仅会影响我们的消费，还会促进一种强烈的心理归属感，这是数字支付所没有的。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于现金支付和数字支付对人们消费行为和情感影响的研究，属于科学研究范畴。B 选项 “Science Daily”（《每日科学》），符合文章科学研究的主题。故选B项。 主题语境05 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·重庆实验外国语学校·期中）Talking about income makes many people uncomfortable, but sometimes it’s unavoidable. For example, you have to discuss salaries when taking a new job or knowing your next year’s pay rise. Luckily, salary negotiation (协商) often works. A 2025 survey of American job seekers found 37% asked for more money, and 80% of them got more than the initial offer. This matches a 2011 paper, which showed negotiators got an average $5,000 more as starting pay. Yet negotiating isn’t easy for everyone. A study of 19 years of MBA graduates from an American business school found East and South-East Asian graduates had lower salaries than South Asian and white graduates. The propensity to negotiate among different groups explains the difference: East Asians and South-East Asians who did not try to negotiate were more likely to say they were concerned about damaging the relationship with an employer. If negotiating both raises salaries and takes a risk, what should a negotiator do? Leigh Thompson gives two suggestions to her MBA students as they look for work. One is not to start negotiating until you actually have a job offer. The other is not to turn a negotiation into a bidding war. Some bosses dislike pay requests, but others encourage negotiation. French AI startup Photoroom offers training to employees who want it. Boss Matt Rouif says the company checks if pay is below market rate by buying benchmark (基准的) data and sharing it with employees. “Many see negotiation as a fight, but we seek the fairest result,” he says. This is a good way for employees to view salary talks too. 1.What is the main finding of the 2025 survey? A. Most job seekers asked for raises. B. Salary negotiation often proved effective. C. Few people accepted initial salary offers. D. Employers refused to increase salaries. 2.The underlined word “propensity” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A. skills B. difficulty C. pleasure D. willingness 3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. Advice on salary negotiation. B. Timing of salary negotiation. C. Risks of salary negotiation. D. Advantages of salary negotiation. 4.What is Matt Rouif’s view on salary negotiation? A. It is important to be fair for both parties. B. It is a fight between employees and employers. C. It is harmful to employee-employer relations. D. It is unnecessary for employers to pay at market rate. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了薪资协商虽让部分人不适，但通常有效。不同群体协商意愿差异影响薪资，专家给出协商建议，部分企业主张协商应追求双方公平。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“A 2025 survey of American job seekers found 37% asked for more money, and 80% of them got more than the initial offer. This matches a 2011 paper, which showed negotiators got an average $5,000 more as starting pay.( 2025年对美国求职者的一项调查发现，37%的求职者要求提高薪资，而其中80%的人最终获得的薪资高于最初的报价。这与2011年的一份报告相吻合，该报告表明谈判者的起薪平均增加了5000美元)”可知，2025年的调查的主要发现是薪资协商往往很有效。故选B。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“A study of 19 years of MBA graduates from an American business school found East and South-East Asian graduates had lower salaries than South Asian and white graduates.(一项针对一所美国商学院19年来 MBA 毕业生的研究发现，东亚和东南亚地区的毕业生薪资低于南亚和白人毕业生)”以及后文“East Asians and South-East Asians who did not try to negotiate were more likely to say they were concerned about damaging the relationship with an employer.(那些没有尝试进行协商的东亚人和东南亚人更有可能表示，他们担心会损害与雇主之间的关系)”可知，第三段提到“东亚和东南亚毕业生薪资低于南亚及白人毕业生”，后文解释原因：“未尝试协商的东亚和东南亚毕业生更担心破坏与雇主的关系”，可见薪资差异源于“不同群体的协商意愿”。故划线词意思是“意愿”。故选D。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“If negotiating both raises salaries and takes a risk, what should a negotiator do? Leigh Thompson gives two suggestions to her MBA students as they look for work. One is not to start negotiating until you actually have a job offer. The other is not to turn a negotiation into a bidding war.(如果谈判既能提高薪资又能承担一定风险，那么谈判者应该怎么做呢？利·汤普森向她的工商管理硕士学生提出了两点建议，以帮助他们在求职时应对谈判。其中一条建议是，在获得工作录用通知之前不要开始谈判。另一条建议是，不要将谈判变成一场价格战)”可知，第四段的主要观点是薪资谈判建议。故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Many see negotiation as a fight, but we seek the fairest result(许多人将谈判视为一场争斗，但我们追求的是最公平的结果)”可知，马特·鲁伊夫认为薪资谈判对双方来说，做到公平是很重要的。故选A。 主题语境06 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·重庆万州第二高级中学·期中）Before the internet made book reviews widely accessible, where would curious minds go to find information about a new novel’s subject matter or a plot? If you lived in the Los Angeles area, you could reference the Los Angeles Public Library’s index of fiction book review cards. The reviews, a collection of thousands of index cards, contain library staff members’ thoughts and opinions about new fiction releases that the library carried. The library system started in the 1920s and into the 1980s. Robert Anderson, who has worked as a librarian at the LAPL since 1980, says the staff review cards were a handy tool that library staff used to answer specific questions the public had about different books. The reviews, along with being a helpful public tool, also helped staff pick which books the LAPL would order for their shelves. If a staff member reviewed a book favorably, they were more likely to carry the title and order multiple copies. The review process was simple: On an index card, library staff would handwrite or type up an abstract of a book they read and give their personal review of it. The cards offered adjectives that the reviewer could underline to indicate how the story might affect readers emotionally. For example, for the library’s review of Virginia Woolf’s 1925 book Mrs. Dalloway, the reviewer underlined “wholesome,” “pleasant,” and “interesting.” Of the staff member’s characterization of the book, Anderson said he wasn’t sure why the reviewer considered Woolf’s writing — which deals with loneliness and other, often dark human experiences — to be healthy, “but they did.” The Los Angeles Public Library’s index of staff review cards isn’t used regularly anymore. But the system now serves as a historical record of both the books, some almost 100 years old, as well as the cultural views held by the book-loving library staff of the time. 1.What could be found in the LAPL’s review cards? A. Public opinions about the library’s services. B. A list of all the books available in the library. C. A summary of the most popular books in the library. D. Librarians’ comments on newly added fiction books. 2.What was the purpose of the review cards for the public? A. To provide free books. B. To offer readers reference. C. To promote new authors. D. To help with book orders. 3.What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. The reviews’ comments were subjective. B. Virginia Woolf’s books were difficult to understand. C. The librarians made wrong judgements about the books. D. The reviewers used some adjectives to describe the books. 4.What is the author’s attitude toward the review card system? A. Critical. B. Doubtful. C. Appreciative. D. Neutral. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了洛杉矶公共图书馆的虚构书籍评论卡片系统的历史和作用，以及它如何帮助图书馆工作人员和读者了解新小说。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The reviews, a collection of thousands of index cards, contain library staff members’ thoughts and opinions about new fiction releases that the library carried.(这些评论，是一系列数千张索引卡片，包含图书馆工作人员对图书馆收藏的新小说的看法和意见。)”可知，评论卡片中包含图书馆工作人员对新小说的看法和评论。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的句子“Robert Anderson, who has worked as a librarian at the LAPL since 1980, says the staff review cards were a handy tool that library staff used to answer specific questions the public had about different books.(自1980年以来一直在洛杉矶国立图书馆担任图书管理员的Robert Anderson说，员工书评卡是图书馆工作人员用来回答公众对不同书籍提出的具体问题的方便工具。)”可知，评论卡片的目的是为读者提供参考。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的句子“On an index card, library staff would handwrite or type up an abstract of a book they read and give their personal review of it.(在索引卡上，图书馆工作人员会手写或打印他们读过的一本书的摘要，并给出他们的个人评论。)”和下面的例子“For example, for the library’s review of Virginia Woolf’s 1925 book Mrs. Dalloway, the reviewer underlined “wholesome,” “pleasant,” and “interesting.” Of the staff member’s characterization of the book, Anderson said he wasn’t sure why the reviewer considered Woolf’s writing — which deals with loneliness and other, often dark human experiences — to be wholesome, “but they did.”(例如，在图书馆对弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫1925年作品《达洛维夫人》的评论中，书评人着重标注了‘健康向上’‘赏心悦目’‘妙趣横生’等词。面对工作人员对这本书的定性，安德森表示不解——他不明白为何书评人会将伍尔夫笔下那些描写孤独与人性幽暗的文字视为‘健康向上’，‘但他们的确这么写了。’)”可以推断出，评论卡中的评论是主观的。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The Los Angeles Public Library’s index of staff review cards isn’t used regularly anymore. But the system now serves as a historical record of both the books, some almost 100 years old, as well as the cultural views held by the book-loving library staff of the time.(洛杉矶公共图书馆的员工评论卡索引不再经常使用。但是，这个系统现在既可以作为这些书的历史记录，也可以作为当时爱书的图书馆工作人员所持有的文化观点的历史记录。)”可知，尽管洛杉矶公共图书馆的评论卡片系统现在不再经常使用，但它作为一个历史记录，记录了近100年前的书籍以及当时的图书馆工作人员的文化观点。这表明作者对这个系统持有一种欣赏的态度。故选C项。 主题语境07 人与自然-宇宙探索 （25-26高二上·重庆南开中学校·期中）It’s been nearly 3 years since NASA’s InSight mission ended on Mars. Its solar panels were covered in dust stopping it from working. But data from the lander, which captured signals from faint marsquakes to probe the planet’s interior, are still yielding fresh results. Two new studies use InSight data to paint a new portrait of this Red Planet. One study says remains of huge ancient impacts are hidden deep inside Mars. The other claims to have identified a solid inner core (核). Taken together, the findings suggest that the planet is, more or less, like Earth than researchers expected. The first study, published last month in Science, suggests the martian mantle (地幔) does not mix like Earth’s mantle, but rather preserves the remains of smaller planetary bodies that collided to form the planet. The second result, published last week in Nature, goes deeper, finding that rather than possessing a purely melted metal core, as earlier InSight analyses suggested, Mars—like Earth—has a solid core at its center. Neither paper is an open-and-shut case. The problem comes from how hard it is to do seismology (地震学) on Mars. On Earth, researchers use hundreds of seismic stations to study the seismic waves from thousands of strong earthquakes, which pass through the planet, sometimes reflecting off layers of different densities. But InSight had only a single seismic station, disturbed by wind, to measure the vibrations from mostly weak marsquakes. Both studies will face doubt, says Hrvoje, a seismologist at Australian National University. Still, if they hold up, the findings have the potential to transform our understanding of how rocky planets form. The structures frozen in the mantle support the idea that rocky planets form from the collision of planetary embryos, rather than combining out of a cloud of pebbles, as some researchers have suggested. And the inner core paper challenges models that suggest Mars’s core is entirely melted. “I suspect this will upset many people,” says Simon, a seismologist at ETH Zurich. “A lot of people were very comfortable with the nonexistence of the inner core.” 1.What do we know about the NASA’s InSight lander? A. It is still working on Mars today. B. It collected data about Mars’ interior. C. Its solar panels were broken by marsquakes. D. It discovered a solid inner core of Mars first. 2.How is Paragraph 2 developed? A. By defining a concept. B. By giving examples. C. By stating cause and effect. D. By comparing and contrasting. 3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence? A. Both studies fail to provide any useful data about Mars. B. The two studies prove that the inner core of Mars is not solid. C. Neither of the two studies has conclusions that are completely certain. D. The two studies have already been accepted by most scientists without doubt. 4.How do many people feel about the existence of Mars’s inner core? A. Unacceptable. B. Indifferent. C. Comfortable. D. Excited. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍美国国家航空航天局洞察号探测器的数据带来火星研究新发现，以及这些发现的意义与争议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Its solar panels were covered in dust stopping it from working. But data from the lander, which captured signals from faint marsquakes to probe the planet’s interior, are still yielding fresh results.(它的太阳能电池板被灰尘覆盖，无法工作。但这艘着陆器捕捉到微弱火星地震的信号，用于探测这颗行星的内部，其数据仍在产生新的结果。)”可知，洞察号探测器收集了火星内部的数据。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The first study, published last month in Science, suggests the martian mantle (地幔) does not mix like Earth’s mantle, but rather preserves the remains of smaller planetary bodies that collided to form the planet. The second result, published last week in Nature, goes deeper, finding that rather than possessing a purely melted metal core, as earlier InSight analyses suggested, Mars—like Earth—has a solid core at its center.(第一项研究于上月发表在《科学》期刊上，指出火星地幔并不像地球地幔那样混合，而是保留了那些因碰撞形成火星的较小天体的残骸。第二项研究结果于上周发表在《自然》期刊上，研究更为深入，发现与洞察号早期分析所表明的火星内核完全是熔融金属不同，火星和地球一样，其中心存在一个固体内核)”可知，段落通过将火星与地球的地幔、内核进行对比来展开内容。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The problem comes from how hard it is to do seismology (地震学) on Mars… Both studies will face doubt, says Hrvoje, a seismologist at Australian National University.(问题在于在火星上进行地震学研究非常困难……澳大利亚国立大学的地震学家Hrvoje表示，这两项研究都将面临质疑。)”可知，画线句“Neither paper is an open-and-shut case”意为两项研究的结论并非完全确定，仍存在争议。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“I suspect this will upset many people,” says Simon, a seismologist at ETH Zurich. “A lot of people were very comfortable with the nonexistence of the inner core.(苏黎世联邦理工学院的地震学家西蒙表示：“我怀疑这会让很多人感到不安，因为很多人原本对火星没有内核这一说法深信不疑且安之若素。”)”可知，很多人原本接受火星没有内核的观点，因此对火星存在固体内核的结论感到难以接受。故选A项。 主题语境08 人与自然-环境 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆渝中巴蜀中学校·期中）Using crushed rock dust to speed up the rate at which soils absorb carbon dioxide could also affect the climate by making Earth’s surface reflect more or less of the sun’s radiation. Enhanced rock weathering (ERW), is rapidly growing around the world. It involves sprinkling (洒) crushed, volcanic rock, such as basalt (玄武岩), onto soils to accelerate the natural weathering process by which CO₂ in the atmosphere is converted to stable minerals. But if the practice is scaled up to cover large areas of land around the world, it could alter the planet’s reflectivity, or albedo, according to Brad Marston at Brown University in Rhode Island. Albedo is a measure of how much light something reflects, on a scale from 0 (none) to 1 (all). Whiter areas of the planet like the polar ice caps bounce more sunlight back into space, providing a cooling effect, while darker areas absorb more heat and speed up warming. If the rock dust spread on fields is paler than the existing soil, Earth’s albedo could increase, says Marston, boosting the cooling effect from ERW. However, if the dust is darker than the soil, it could have the opposite effect. Based on modelling, Marston and his colleague estimate that if 5 million square kilometres of agricultural land were spread with crushed rock, it could remove about 1 gigatonne (十亿吨) of CO₂ per year from the atmosphere. “Increasing albedo by just 0.1 on all agricultural land would result in Earth cooling by roughly 1°C, they estimate. If ERW had a positive impact on Earth’s albedo, it could provide a double climate benefit, says Marston, offering long-term cooling thanks to the soil’s increased CO₂ absorption and short-term cooling from the albedo change. But other researchers aren’t convinced ERW could alter planetary albedo. Noah Planavsky at Yale University says most farmers try to minimize the amount of time that soil is exposed. “For most of the year, you have a crop that is totally covering the soil or you have the remains after harvest,” he says. That means Marston and Ibarra may have overestimated the albedo impact of ERW, he says. 1.What is the main purpose of ERW according to the passage? A. To protect crops from climate change. B. To change the color of agricultural soils. C. To speed up soils’ absorption of carbon dioxide. D. To bring down Earth’s reflectivity and cool the planet. 2.What do we know about albedo from paragraph 4? A. Paler soils are more likely to help increase albedo. B. All white surfaces have an albedo value exactly equal to 1. C. Albedo works best at high altitude areas like mountain tops. D. Darker soils have higher albedo practical value for rock dust. 3.What can we infer from Noah Planavsky’s words? A. Farmers often cover the soil for a long time. B. Farmers make efforts to reduce the ERW influence. C. ERW may not work as effective as Marston expected. D. Cover crops might do harm to agricultural production. 4.What is the best title for the passage? A. ERW: A Double Benefit for Climate? B. ERW: An Inspiring Application in Agriculture. C. Rock Dust: A Perfect Material to Capture Carbon? D. Albedo: Best Solution to Reducing Atmospheric CO₂. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了ERW技术可加速土壤固碳，还可能通过改变地表反照率带来双重降温效益，但有研究者质疑其对反照率的实际影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Enhanced rock weathering (ERW), is rapidly growing around the world. It involves sprinkling crushed, volcanic rock, such as basalt, onto soils to accelerate the natural weathering process by which CO₂ in the atmosphere is converted to stable minerals.(增强型岩石风化（ERW）在全球范围内正迅速兴起。这种技术包括将破碎的火山岩（如玄武岩）撒在土壤上，以加速大气中二氧化碳转化为稳定矿物质的自然风化过程)”可知，ERW的核心目的是加速土壤对二氧化碳的吸收与转化，故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“If the rock dust spread on fields is paler than the existing soil, Earth’s albedo could increase, says Marston, boosting the cooling effect from ERW.(马斯顿表示，如果在田地表面撒上的岩尘颜色比现有土壤颜色浅，那么地球的反照率就会提高，从而增强地表反射辐射冷却效应的效果)”可知，颜色更浅的土壤或岩尘更易提升反照率，故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段““For most of the year, you have a crop that is totally covering the soil or you have the remains after harvest,” he says. That means Marston and Ibarra may have overestimated the albedo impact of ERW, he says.(他说：“在一年中的大部分时间里，要么是农作物完全覆盖着土壤，要么就是收割后的残余物。”这意味着马斯顿和伊巴拉可能高估了ERW对反射率的影响了。)”可知，他认为Marston团队高估了ERW对反照率的影响，即ERW效果可能不如预期，故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Using crushed rock dust to speed up the rate at which soils absorb carbon dioxide could also affect the climate by making Earth’s surface reflect more or less of the sun’s radiation.(利用碎石粉尘来加快土壤吸收二氧化碳的速度，还可能通过改变地球表面对太阳辐射的反射程度来影响气候)”结合文章主要说明了ERW技术可加速土壤固碳，还可能通过改变地表反照率带来双重降温效益，但有研究者质疑其对反照率的实际影响。可知，A选项“ERW：气候的双重益处？”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆万州第二高级中学·期中）From Beijing, more than 400 kilometers away, all the way up north, the temperature gradually drops. With the emergence of fire prevention warnings, Saihanba (塞罕坝), known as a “miracle on earth”, begins to come into view. In October, the cold wind blowing from Siberia has dyed (染色) Saihanba golden. In Mongolian, Saihanba means beautiful high mountains. However, Saihanba was a desert of “yellow sand covering the sky and flying birds without inhabiting trees” 62 years ago. Whenever the north wind blows, the windy sand located in Inner Mongolia will drive southward, reaching Beijing and Tianjin. After more than half a century of forest plantation, people who have come to Saihanba can hardly imagine the arid (干旱) scene. Occasionally, a gust of wind passes by, and they would just sigh and shout how strong the wind is, but they would not feel sandblasted (喷砂). On Oct 9, watchmen Liu Jun and Wang Juan were observing the surrounding forest area on a watchtower in Saihanba Forest Farm in Hebei province. Liu is in charge of the observation and Wang keeps recording. “Spring and autumn are the critical fire prevention periods for our forest farm. We need to stay here for three months, have three meals a day, work and live in the building,” says Liu Jun, who has been engaged in observation for 13 years. Simple as it looks, the job is quite the burden on their shoulders. Only by enjoying loneliness can they keep this forest safe and sound. Saihanba today is not only a “green Great Wall” for windbreak and sand fixation (固化), but also a timber (林木) source. Many people would doubt why the trees that have grown up here are to be cut down in a planned way. Liu explains that most of the trees here are planted forest, and the forest species are relatively single, unlike natural forests that can adapt on their own and survive the fittest. The selective cutting of plantation forests is more like thinning when farmers plant crops. Only in this way can the nutrient area be expanded and diseased plants also be removed to ensure the healthy development of the forest areas. 1.What can be learned about Saihanba from the first three paragraphs? A. It is suffering from a cold wind. B. Its desertification is under control. C. It is weathering a sandstorm. D. Its climate is beyond expectation. 2.Which of the following best describes the watchmen? A. Bored but attentive. B. Simple but responsible. C. Tired but engaged. D. Lonely but committed. 3.What does the underlined word “thinning” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Making something more beautiful and attractive. B. Making something stronger and healthier. C. Making something less thick or dense. D. Making something more valuable and useful. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Golden Miracle B. The Sand Wasteland C. The Timber Farm D. The Green Guardian 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过塞罕坝从沙漠到绿洲的蜕变，展现中国生态治理的成就，强调护林员的坚守与科学管理的重要性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“After more than half a century of forest plantation, people who have come to Saihanba can hardly imagine the arid (干旱) scene. Occasionally, a gust of wind passes by, and they would just sigh and shout how strong the wind is, but they would not feel sandblasted (喷砂).(经过半个多世纪的森林种植，来到塞罕坝的人几乎无法想象那里干旱的景象。偶尔，一阵风吹过，他们只是叹息，喊着风有多大，却不觉得被喷沙了)。”可知，沙漠化已被控制。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“Only by enjoying loneliness can they keep this forest safe and sound. (只有享受孤独，他们才能守护森林。)”可知，护林员长期驻守瞭望塔，忍受孤独，体现了他们孤独但尽责。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据最后一段划线词后文“Only in this way can the nutrient area be expanded and diseased plants also be removed to ensure the healthy development of the forest areas.(只有这样，才能扩大营养面积，也才能清除病株，保证林区的健康发展。)”可知，这种方式可以清除病死的苗木，使树苗数量减少，由此可以推断“thinning”指减少树木的数量，选项C“Making something less thick or dense. (降低某物的厚度或密度。)”，与“减少数量”含义接近。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据首段“From Beijing, more than 400 kilometers away, all the way up north, the temperature gradually drops. (从北京向北400多公里，气温逐渐降低。随着防火预警的发布，被誉为“人间奇迹”的塞罕坝映入眼帘。)”及最后一段“Saihanba today is not only a “green Great Wall” for windbreak and sand fixation (固化), but also a timber (林木)source. (如今的塞罕坝不仅是防风固沙的“绿色长城”，也是重要的林木来源。)”可知，塞罕坝通过植树造林和护林员努力，从沙漠变为生态屏障，这里指护林员和森林都是绿色守护者。选项D“The Green Guardian (绿色卫士)”即可以指森林，也可以指护林员，一语双关，适合做标题。故选D。 主题语境09 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆渝中巴蜀中学校·期中）Just imagine: apples fought with oranges on horseback. Our imaginations are capable of this — and much more. They are responsible for films and novels, as well as buildings and computers. They are incredibly powerful. And yet the imaginings themselves are hard to define. Enter Adam Zeman, a neurologist whose book, The Shape of Things Unseen: A New Science of the Imagination, is a fine guide to the tricky science of the imagination. Zeman begins by saying that he wants to make this “accessible”; and he certainly pulls that off, but he has to do a lot of complicating in the process. After all, while we might think of imagination as mostly a visual skill — a sort of “seeing” by “the mind’s eye” — there are instances where we smell something through “the mind’s nose”. So Zeman takes us on a necessarily twisting path, explaining, complicating and tripping over various fences along the way. For a subject like the imagination, a certain width is to be expected, but his book is admirably wide-ranging. Zeman interviews novelists and astrophysicists (天体物理学家). He describes paintings and the functioning of synapses (神经元的突触). This is a book that concerns art almost as much as it concerns science. As Zeman says: “Science uses imagination to show us as far as possible, how things really are; art, just as importantly, to show us how they feel.” If there is one thread running through the book, it is the notion that “the ‘real’ world is almost as much a product of our creative minds as its countless virtual cousins”. It’s a “predictive brain” that generates and updates mental models to anticipate the world around it. There is, though, much else to mention, which is the major flaw here. For every explanation of how neural networks (神经网络) operate, there is a brief history of the greenhouse effect. For every detailed case study, there are short Wikipedia-ish passages. I would have preferred Zeman to expand on his thinking across two or three chapters, which is both a criticism and a compliment — if you can imagine such a thing. 1.What does Adam Zeman aim to achieve with his book? A. To reveal the “predictive brain” is the key to imagination. B. To explain how complicated the imagination is in science. C. To help people easily grasp the science behind imagination. D. To prove imagination is more important for art than science. 2.How does Zeman develop the subject of his book? A. By listing the flaws of previous studies on imagination. B. By comparing different types of imagination in daily life. C. By sharing personal stories about his research on the brain. D. By including conversations and discussions of art and science. 3.What does the underlined word “thread” in paragraph 5 mean? A. A main theme. B. A type of cloth. C. A difficult problem. D. A personal experience. 4.What do we know about the author’s comment on Zeman’s book? A. The book’s wide range deserves praise. B. The book could explore certain topics more deeply. C. The admirable width of the book is a highlight of the book. D. The Wikipedia-ish explanations should include more details. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了神经学家Adam Zeman的一本关于想象的著作，该书以跨学科方式探讨想象背后的科学，内容广泛，但部分主题可更深入。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Enter Adam Zeman, a neurologist whose book, The Shape of Things Unseen: A New Science of the Imagination, is a fine guide to the tricky science of the imagination. Zeman begins by saying that he wants to make this “accessible”; and he certainly pulls that off, but he has to do a lot of complicating in the process. (神经学家Adam Zeman的著作《看不见的事物的形状：一门关于想象的新科学》对想象这门棘手的科学提供了很好的指导。Zeman一开始就说，他想让这个“容易理解”；他确实做到了，但在这个过程中他必须做很多复杂的事情)”可知，Zeman在这本书中的目标是帮助人们轻松掌握想象背后的科学。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Zeman interviews novelists and astrophysicists (天体物理学家). He describes paintings and the functioning of synapses (神经元的突触). This is a book that concerns art almost as much as it concerns science. (Zeman采访小说家和天体物理学家。他描述了绘画和神经突触的功能。这是一本涉及科学和艺术的书。)”可知，Zeman通过囊括对艺术和科学的对话和讨论来展开主题。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词的下文“it is the notion that “the ‘real’ world is almost as much a product of our creative minds as its countless virtual cousins” (它是这样一种观念：“‘真实’世界几乎和无数虚拟世界一样，都是我们创造性思维的产物”)”可知，一个核心观念贯穿全书，划线词的意思应该是“思路，贯穿的主线”，即书中的核心主题。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“For every explanation of how neural networks (神经网络) operate, there is a brief history of the greenhouse effect. For every detailed case study, there are short Wikipedia-ish passages. I would have preferred Zeman to expand on his thinking across two or three chapters (对于神经网络如何运作的每一种解释，都有一个关于温室效应的简史。对于每一个详细的案例研究，都有类似维基百科的简短段落。我更希望Zeman用两到三章来详述他的想法)”可知，作者肯定Zeman的书的广度，但也指出深度不足，表明这本书可以更深入地探讨某些主题。故选B项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆育才中学·期中）Sometimes, the best thing for a penguin is to go with the flow. Magellanic penguins change their strategy for directing themselves home based on the strength of ocean currents: swimming almost straight back to their colonies (栖息地) in calm waters, but following currents when they are strong — traveling farther but conserving energy; researchers report in PLOS Biology. From September to February, Magellanic penguins raise their young in coastal colonies of Chile and Argentina. Adult penguins travel more than 100 kilometers in one trip to find small fish to feed their babies. Such long ocean journeys require not only a keen sense of direction but skills in dealing with ocean currents, which can either aid movement — like how sea turtles use currents for their seasonal movements — or sweep animals off course. While penguins can swim against strong currents, study coauthor Wilson notes that it’s not wise: “Why catch all that fish just to waste energy swimming against the current?” To uncover their strategies, Wilson and coworkers monitored 27 adult penguins from Argentina’s San Lorenzo colony using GPS and movement trackers under varying current conditions. After nearly 30 hours of fishing, their return trips — lasting up to 16 hours — always began with the penguins pointing directly toward their colonies, but their following path depended on the day’s ocean conditions. In calm waters, they maintained a nearly straight line. However, in strong currents, they adopted S-shaped paths following the area’s natural current patterns. As currents changed direction during their journey, they avoided being carried too far off course. These longer trips not only provided extra fishing opportunities but saved energy, according to estimates of the effort required to swim at specific speeds. This behavior suggests penguins assess current strength and direction to select the best paths to follow. Their ability likely originates from a mix of natural tendency — genetically built rough guides to the sea — and learning, with young penguins observing and copying adult behavior to refine their skills. 1.How does the author present the fact in the first paragraph? A. By referring to a report. B. By explaining a term. C. By giving examples. D. By comparing data. 2.What determines the penguins’ next path to follow according to the research? A. The effort required to swim. B. The length of fishing time. C. The distance of fishing trips. D. The conditions of daily currents. 3.What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning “S shaped paths” in paragraph 4? A. The opportunity for extra fishing. B. The consequence of wasting energy. C. The method of avoiding strong currents. D. The strategy of adapting to strong currents. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Magellanic Penguins: Masters of Long Trips B. Ocean Currents: Keys to Penguin Survival C. Magellanic Penguins: Smart Current Users D. Ocean Currents: Calm Tides and Rough Waves 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍麦哲伦企鹅会依据洋流强度调整回家策略及该能力的可能来源。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Sometimes, the best thing for a penguin is to go with the flow. Magellanic penguins change their strategy for directing themselves home based on the strength of ocean currents: swimming almost straight back to their colonies (栖息地) in calm waters, but following currents when they are strong — traveling farther but conserving energy; researchers report in PLOS Biology.(有时候，对企鹅来说最好的做法就是随波逐流。研究人员在《公共科学图书馆・生物学》上报告称，麦哲伦企鹅会根据洋流强度调整回家的路线策略：在风平浪静的海水中几乎径直游回栖息地，但在洋流强劲时顺着洋流游动 —— 路程更远但节省能量)”可知，作者是通过引用一份研究报告来呈现麦哲伦企鹅相关习性这一事实的。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After nearly 30 hours of fishing, their return trips — lasting up to 16 hours — always began with the penguins pointing directly toward their colonies, but their following path depended on the day’s ocean conditions.(经过近30个小时的捕食，它们长达16个小时的返程总是以径直朝向栖息地为开端，但后续的行进路线取决于当天的洋流状况)”可知，研究表明是每日的洋流状况决定了企鹅接下来要走的路线。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“ However, in strong currents, they adopted S-shaped paths following the area’s natural current patterns. As currents changed direction during their journey, they avoided being carried too far off course. These longer trips not only provided extra fishing opportunities but saved energy, according to estimates of the effort required to swim at specific speeds.(然而，在强大的水流中，它们采用了S形的路径，遵循该地区的自然水流模式。由于洋流在航行中改变了方向，它们避免被带离航线太远。根据对以特定速度游泳所需努力的估计，这些较长的行程不仅提供了额外的捕鱼机会，而且节省了能量)”可知，在强洋流中企鹅采用“S形路径”，并提到这种路径遵循该地区的自然水流模式，节省能量，可见这是企鹅适应强洋流的策略。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Magellanic penguins change their strategy for directing themselves home based on the strength of ocean currents: swimming almost straight back to their colonies (栖息地) in calm waters, but following currents when they are strong — traveling farther but conserving energy; researchers report in PLOS Biology.(研究人员在《公共科学图书馆・生物学》上报告称，麦哲伦企鹅会根据洋流强度调整回家的路线策略：在风平浪静的海水中几乎径直游回栖息地，但在洋流强劲时顺着洋流游动 —— 路程更远但节省能量)”可知，文章核心围绕麦哲伦企鹅善于根据洋流状况调整行进路线展开，体现它们是善于利用洋流的动物。C项“麦哲伦企鹅：聪明洋流使用者”最契合主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·重庆南坪中学校·期中）If you ask a Westerner to name a successful Chinese consumer-goods brand, most would have struggled until recently. Although China is the world’s leading manufacturing power, it has long fallen behind in creating imaginative, home-grown retail (零售) brands and products. That, however, is beginning to change. Innovative Chinese brands are appearing everywhere. From Stockholm to Sydney, the electric cars silently passing by are increasingly likely to be Chinese. Mixue, an ice-cream and cold drinks company, has overtaken McDonald’s to become the world’s largest fast-food chain by number of outlets. It is expanding in South America, as is Meituan, a Beijing-based delivery app. Chagee, a chain of tea shops, is on track to have at least 1, 300 stores outside China by the end of 2027, mostly in Southeast Asia; just a few years ago, it had almost none. Meanwhile, Pop Mart, a Chinese toy company, has created a buzz as much as Disney with its unusual grinning nine-toothed dolls, called Labubus. It is impossible not to admire the creative force behind these successful enterprises. Western consumers have been buying products made in China for decades. However, these goods were mostly designed by and produced for foreign companies. Chinese brands were long regarded as low-quality and lacking creativity. New companies are now challenging these old assumptions. Many proudly emphasize their Chinese heritage. For example, Chagee’s logo features a Peking Opera singer in full costume, and its name comes from “Farewell, My Concubine,” a classic Chinese opera. The video game “Black Myth: Wukong,” one of the most successful ever, features the Monkey King from the 16th-century novel Journey to the West. Today, many Chinese brands compete not only on price but also on quality. Chagee’s drinks can even be as expensive as Starbucks’. Western companies will need to wake up and take notice of bubble tea. In the future, they will have to make more efforts to understand Chinese consumers’ unique tastes. Some may even partner with innovative Chinese firms to gain insight and inspiration. Competition from China could eventually push Disney, Mattel toys, and other major Western brands to reach new levels of creativity. 1.What does the underlined part “created a buzz” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Caused public excitement. B. Made a loud noise. C. Lost great popularity. D. Received negative comments. 2.How did the western consumers find Chinese brands? A. Full of imagination. B. Short of creativity. C. Quality guaranteed. D. Mass produced. 3.What is the author’s advice for the western brands? A. Notice different bubble tea. B. Ignore the Chinese influence. C. Cooperate with Chinese brands. D. Lower the price of the products. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. The history of Chinese retail brands. B. How foreign firms win Chinese customers. C. Why Chinese products were unpopular before. D. The rise of innovative Chinese brands globally. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国消费品牌在全球范围内迅速崛起的现象。尽管过去中国以制造为主，缺乏自主品牌，但现在像Mixue、Meituan、Chagee等创新品牌已在全球市场取得成功，引发西方品牌的关注和反思，迫使它们重视中国市场和合作。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段中“Meanwhile, Pop Mart, a Chinese toy company, has created a buzz as much as Disney with its unusual grinning nine - toothed dolls, called Labubus.(与此同时，中国玩具公司泡泡玛特凭借其不同寻常的咧嘴露九颗牙的玩偶Labubus，引起了和迪士尼一样的……。)”可知，泡泡玛特凭借其独特的玩偶和迪士尼一样引起了公众的广泛关注和兴奋，所以“created a buzz”意思是“引起了公众的兴奋”。A选项“Caused public excitement.(引发公众的兴奋)”符合语境。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“However, these goods were mostly designed by and produced for foreign companies. Chinese brands were long regarded as low-quality and lacking creativity. (然而，这些商品大多是由外国公司设计并生产的。长期以来，中国品牌一直被认为质量低劣且缺乏创新性。)”可知，西方消费者认为中国品牌缺乏创造力。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Some may even partner with innovative Chinese firms to gain insight and inspiration.(一些西方公司甚至可能与创新的中国公司合作，以获得洞察力和灵感。)”可知，作者建议西方品牌与中国品牌合作。C选项“Cooperate with Chinese brands.( 与中国品牌合作。)”符合题意。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中“Although China is the world’s leading manufacturing power, it has long fallen behind in creating imaginative, home-grown retail (零售) brands and products. That, however, is beginning to change.(尽管中国是全球领先的制造业大国，但长期以来，在打造富有创意、本土原创的零售品牌及产品方面，中国一直落后于其他国家。不过，这种情况正在发生改变。)”以及第二段中“Innovative Chinese brands are appearing everywhere.(创新的中国品牌无处不在。)”以及后文对中国品牌在全球崛起的描述可知，文章主要讲述了创新的中国品牌在全球的崛起。D选项“The rise of innovative Chinese brands globally.(中国创新品牌在全球范围内的崛起。)”符合题意。故选D。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆长寿中学校·期中）Every time we get on a plane, we’re asked to either turn off our phones or change them to flight mode — it’s for “security reasons”. But according to The Conversation website, having to turn our phones off on a plane is “a service issue, not a safety one”. When we speak on our phones in the air, they can cause interference to the aircraft’s radios and pilots can hear this interference in their headphones. “It’s the same noise you’ll be familiar with, if you put your mobile too close to a speaker,” the Mirror noted. “It is not safety-critical, but is annoying for sure.” Though speaking on a phone during a flight isn’t dangerous, from the viewpoint of service, it isn’t still a good idea. When we make or receive a call on the ground, we connect to a cell tower that deals with all calls within an 80-kilometer radius (半径). As we move from place to place we are “handed on” to different cell towers. As US scientist Sven Bilen explains, for this system to work, there are “built-in” expectations: There shouldn’t be too many “handoffs” and people shouldn’t be traveling faster than car speeds. “Of course, phone users should be close to the ground.” he added. If we were to make phone calls while we flew, however, none of these expectations would be met. And even worse, our cellphones would stop working. But now things are beginning to change. If we still can’t speak during a flight, we can use other phone functions. For example, Airbus A330 of Emirates Airlines has inflight WiFi to make passengers send and receive short messages in the air. In the future, as Bilen points out, it may be possible for air travelers to make and receive calls freely. The breakthrough could be “pico cells”, which are small cell towers on the plane itself. There would no longer be connections made between phones and the ground and therefore there would be no danger of disturbance of phone service. One day, perhaps, we will be chatting in the air as much as we chat on the ground. 1.Why is making a phone call NOT allowed on a plane? A. Because it will pose a threat to their safety. B. Because it can guarantee a better service. C. Because it fails to be connected to the cell tower. D. Because it may cause annoying noise to pilots. 2.How many “built-in” expectations are mentioned to help make a call? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 3.What can we infer from the passage? A. People need to travel slower than airplane speeds while phoning. B. Pico cells may contribute to free phone calls on a plane. C. Undisturbed phone service has been provided by airlines. D. Passengers can receive calls on Airbus A330 through inflight WiFi. 4.Where is the text most likely from? A. A newspaper. B. An official document. C. A guidebook. D. A science fiction story. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。作者主要向我们介绍了在飞机上需要关闭手机的原因以及未来对可以在飞机上拨打或接听电话的期望。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When we speak on our phones in the air, they can cause interference to the aircraft’s radios and pilots can hear this interference in their headphones. “It’s the same noise you’ll be familiar with, if you put your mobile too close to a speaker,” the Mirror noted.”可知，当我们在空中打电话时，会对飞机的无线电设备造成干扰，飞行员可以通过耳机听到这种干扰。“如果你把手机离扬声器太近，你就会熟悉这种噪音，”《镜报》指出。由此可知，乘客在飞机上必须关闭手机的原因是使用电话可能会给飞行员带来烦人的噪音。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As US scientist Sven Bilen explains, for this system to work, there are “built-in” expectations: There shouldn’t be too many “handoffs” and people shouldn’t be traveling faster than car speeds. “Of course, phone users should be close to the ground.” he added.”可知，正如美国科学家Sven Bilen解释的那样，要让这个系统工作，有“内在的”期望：不应该有太多的“交接”，并且人们的旅行速度不应该超过汽车的速度。“当然，手机用户应该靠近地面。”他补充道。由此可知，一共有三个“内在的”期望被提到来帮助打电话，分别是不应该有太多“交接”、人们的旅行速度不应该超过汽车的速度、电话用户应该靠近地面。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“In the future, as Bilen points out, it may be possible for air travelers to make and receive calls freely. The breakthrough could be “pico cells”, which are small cell towers on the plane itself.”可知，Bilen指出，在未来，航空旅客可以免费拨打和接听电话。突破可能是“微型电池”，这是飞机上的小型电池塔。由此推知，pico cells有助于飞机上无障碍通话的实现。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。文章主要讲了在飞机上需要关闭手机的原因以及未来对可以在飞机上拨打或接听电话的期望。由此可排除C、D选项；从语气上看并非正式的官方语气，故B不正确。因此，本文应该来自一份报纸。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆南坪中学校·期中）The rainforests are alive with the sound of animals. Besides the pleasure of the noise, it is also useful to ecologists. If you want to measure the biodiversity of a piece of land, listening out for animal calls is much easier than looking for tracks or spoor in the woods. But such “bio-acoustic (声音地) analysis” is still time-consuming, and it requires an expert pair of ears. In a paper published in Nature Communications, a group of researchers led by Jörg Müller, an ecologist at the University of Würzburg, describe a better way: have a computer do the job. Smartphone apps already exist that will identify birds, bats or mammals simply by listening to the sounds they make. Their idea was to apply the principle to conservation work. The researchers took recordings from across 43 sites in the Ecuadorean rainforest. Sound recordings were taken four times every hour, over two weeks. The various calls were identified manually by an expert, and then used to construct a list of the species present. As expected, the longer the land had been free from agricultural activity, the greater the biodiversity it hosted. Then it was the computer’s turn. The researchers fed their recordings to artificial-intelligence models that had been trained, using sound samples from elsewhere in Ecuador, to identify 75 bird species from their calls. “We found that the AI tools could identify the sounds as well as the experts,” says Dr Müller. Of course, not everything in a rainforest makes a noise. Dr Müller and his colleagues used light-traps to capture night-flying insects, and DNA analysis to identify them. Reassuringly, they found that the diversity of noisy animals was a reliable proxy (指标) for the diversity of the quieter ones, too. The results may have relevance outside ecology departments, too. Under pressure from their customers, firms such as L’Oreal, a make-up company, and Shell, an oil firm, have been spending money on forest restoration projects around the world. Dr Müller hopes that an automated approach to checking on the results could help monitor such efforts, and give a standardized way to measure whether they are working as well as their sponsors say. 1.Which of the following best describes Dr Müller’s method of bio-acoustic analysis? A. Costly. B. High-tech. C. Impractical. D. Labor-consuming. 2.What can we learn from the research of Dr Müller? A. The species in the rainforests have increased. B. There are more reliable sound recordings in Ecuadorean rainforest. C. Trained AI models can’t identify as many kinds of sounds as experts. D. Agricultural activity negatively influenced the richness in species. 3.Why did the Dr Müller and his colleagues do the survey in Paragraph 5? A. To confirm the biodiversity of the quieter animals. B. To figure out the species of quieter animals. C. To emphasize the biodiversity of the noisy animals. D. To trap the noisy animals and the quieter ones. 4.What can be inferred in the last paragraph? A. Dr Müller hopes forest restoration projects to be effective. B. Some firms have been sponsoring the development of AI. C. Many consumers are concerned about ecological issues. D. The new way has become a standardized way to monitor the effectiveness. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员发明了让计算机来进行动物声音识别的工作，解释了其工作原理以及应用情况。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“In a paper published in Nature Communications, a group of researchers led by Jörg Müller, an ecologist at the University of Würzburg, describe a better way: have a computer do the job.(在《Nature Communications》发表的一篇论文中，由维尔茨堡大学生态学家约尔格·穆勒带领的一组研究人员，提出了一种更优方案：让计算机来完成这项工作。)”和第四段“The researchers fed their recordings to artificial-intelligence models that had been trained, using sound samples from elsewhere in Ecuador, to identify 75 bird species from their calls.(研究人员将录音输入人工智能模型。这些模型已通过厄瓜多尔其他地区的声音样本接受过训练，能够根据鸣叫识别出75种鸟类。)”可知，穆勒博士的声音分析方法借助计算机和人工智能，属于高科技手段。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“As expected, the longer the land had been free from agricultural activity, the greater the biodiversity it hosted. (正如预期的那样，土地脱离农业活动的时间越长，其承载的生物多样性就越丰富。)”可知，农业活动对物种丰富度有负面影响。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段“Reassuringly, they found that the diversity of noisy animals was a reliable proxy (指标) for the diversity of the quieter ones, too.(令人欣慰的是，他们发现，发声动物的多样性同样可作为安静动物多样性的可靠指标。)”可知，开展该调查是为了确认安静动物的生物多样性。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Under pressure from their customers, firms such as L’Oreal, a make-up company, and Shell, an oil firm, have been spending money on forest restoration projects around the world.(在客户的压力下，欧莱雅（美妆公司）、壳牌（石油公司）等企业已在全球范围内投入资金开展森林恢复项目。)”可知，许多消费者关注生态问题。故选C项。 主题语境03 人与自然-宇宙探索 （25-26高二上·重庆复旦中学教共体·期中）When Boeing’s new Starliner spacecraft docked with the International Space Station (ISS) earlier this year, the two NASA astronauts on board discovered several minor faults in its propulsion system, leading to a much longer than expected stay on the ISS. This led to headlines about the astronauts being “stranded (滞留)” in space and a renewed interest in the subject of space rescue. Astronauts normally leave the ISS in the same vehicle they arrived in—and that’s as true in the case of an emergency evacuation (疏散) as a routine departure. So any problem with the spacecraft-even a relatively minor one--is a potential worry. If the problem is considered to put the astronauts’ lives at risk, then a replacement spacecraft will be sent up. The key to any kind of in-space rescue is the ability to connect two spacecraft together so astronauts can transfer quickly and safely from one to the other. This process is referred to as docking, and in principle can apply to uncrewed vessels as well as crewed (载人的)ones. However, when an uncrewed vehicle is involved, the procedure is more often referred to as “berthing” rather than docking. The difference is that a crewed spacecraft actively flies in and couples to the ISS, while an uncrewed one is grabbed by a robotic arm operated by an astronaut on board the station and then gently pulled in and attached to one of the external ports. In those early days, the Soviets and Americans developed their own systems for docking, but they soon realized that agreeing an international standard would make future space rescues much more practical. In 2010 the ISS member states-Russia, the United States, Japan, Canada and the European Space Agency (ESA)—formally agreed on an International Docking System Standard (IDSS). This will apply to all future docking systems, and also covers berthing mechanisms. In docking mode, one vehicle—typically the visiting spacecraft, such as the Soyuz or Crew Dragon—takes an active role, while the other, usually the ISS itself, remains passive. Docking then proceeds in two phases, the first called “soft capture” and the second “hard capture”. Only after the second phase is complete are the two vehicles firmly locked together and it’s safe for the crew to transfer from one to the other. 1.Why is Boeing’s Starliner Spacecraft mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. To analyze the cause of space rescue. B. To stress the significance of space rescue. C. To suggest another strategy of space rescue. D. To introduce more knowledge about space rescue. 2.What’s the difference between docking and berthing? A. Docking is the earlier stage before berthing. B. Docking is safer than berthing in an evacuation. C. Docking is relatively active but berthing passive. D. Berthing isn’t completed in the ISS like docking. 3.What’s the purpose for some countries to set International Docking System Standard? A. Advance docking remarkably and rapidly. B. Make docking consistently and effectively. C. Research docking systematically and completely. D. Avoid member states’ faults totally and accurately. 4.What does “hard capture” mean? A. A crewed spacecraft actively flies into the ISS. B. The ISS itself usually remains passive when docking. C. An uncrewed spacecraft is pulled passively to the ISS. D. The two spacecraft connect together securely and strongly. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章从波音公司的“星际客机”出现故障导致两名宇航员在空间站长期滞留这一事件引入，主要探讨太空救援。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段内容“When Boeing’s new Starliner spacecraft docked with the International Space Station (ISS) earlier this year, the two NASA astronauts on board discovered several minor faults in its propulsion system, leading to a much longer than expected stay on the ISS. This led to headlines about the astronauts being “stranded (滞留)” in space and a renewed interest in the subject of space rescue.(今年早些时候，当波音公司的新“星际客机”航天器与国际空间站对接时，船上的两名美国国家航空航天局宇航员发现其推进系统存在几个小故障，导致在国际空间站的停留时间比预期的要长得多。这导致了关于宇航员在太空中“滞留”的头条新闻，以及人们对太空救援这一主题再一次产生了兴趣。)”可知，在第一段后文章就开始介绍更多关于太空救援的知识，因此作者在第一段中提到Boeing’s new starliner spacecraft是为了引出“太空救援”这一话题，作者再就此对救援模式进行更加详细的解释。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The difference is that a crewed spacecraft actively flies in and couples to the ISS, while an uncrewed one is grabbed by a robotic arm operated by an astronaut on board the station and then gently pulled in and attached to one of the external ports.(不同之处在于，载人航天器主动飞入并连接到国际空间站，而无人航天器则被空间站上宇航员操作的机械臂抓住，然后轻轻拉入并连接至其中一个外部端口。)”可知，docking指载人飞船通过主动飞入国际空间站进行对接，而berthing指无人宇宙飞船由机器臂抓入国际空间站停泊在固定地方，这个过程是被动进入，所以对接docking相对属于主动，而停泊berthing属于被动，C选项描述准确。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“In those early days, the Soviets and Americans developed their own systems for docking, but they soon realized that agreeing an international standard would make future space rescues much more practical.(在早期，苏联和美国开发了自己的对接系统，但他们很快意识到，达成国际标准将使未来的太空救援更加实用。)”可知，在各个国家自行研究航空航天技术的情况下，达成统一的标准，会使对接进行得更加顺利。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This will apply to all future docking systems, and also covers berthing mechanisms. In docking mode, one vehicle—typically the visiting spacecraft, such as the Soyuz or Crew Dragon—takes an active role, while the other, usually the ISS itself, remains passive. Docking then proceeds in two phases, the first called “soft capture” and the second “hard capture”. Only after the second phase is complete are the two vehicles firmly locked together and it’s safe for the crew to transfer from one to the other.(这将适用于所有未来的对接系统，也包括停泊机制。在对接模式下，一个飞行器——通常是来访的航天器，如联盟号或载人龙飞船——发挥积极作用，而另一个飞行器，通常是国际空间站本身，则保持被动。然后，对接分为两个阶段进行，第一个阶段称为“软捕获”，第二个阶段为“硬捕获”。只有在第二阶段完成后，两个飞行器才能牢固地锁在一起，机组人员才能安全地从一个飞行器转移到另一个飞行器上。)”所描述的先后顺序不难推知，soft capture是指飞船进入国际空间站的过程，而hard capture是指最后实现安全、牢固对接的过程，与D选项描述相符。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. C Passage 2 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. D 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B　4. D Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. B 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. A 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. C 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. B 主题语境03 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. B 主题语境04 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A　4. D Passage 2 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. A　4. B 主题语境05 人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. A 主题语境06 人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A　4. C 主题语境07 人与自然-宇宙探索 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A 主题语境08 人与自然-环境 Passage 1 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. A Passage 2 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. D 主题语境09 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B Passage 2 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. D　4. C 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. D 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. A Passage 2 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. C 主题语境03 人与自然-宇宙探索 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. D / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆九校联盟·期中）For most people, the idea of building the world’s largest single-dish radio telescope would seem like an impossible dream. For Nan Rendong, it was a mission that consumed the last 22 years of his life. In 1993, at an international astronomy conference, Nan, then a respected scientist in his late forties, felt a sting when China’s voice was absent from major global telescope projects. He conceived a bold idea: China should build its own large telescope. This vision would later become the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), nicknamed “China’s Eye on the Sky.” The journey was immensely challenging. The first hurdle was finding a suitable location. Nan led a team that spent over 10 years examining hundreds of karst depressions in the remote mountains of Guizhou Province. They often hiked for hours on rugged paths, battling harsh weather. Finally, they settled on the perfect natural bowl-like valley in Dawodang. As the chief scientist and project manager, Nan was involved in every detail. He inspired his team with his unwavering dedication and rigorous scientific standards. The project faced numerous technical obstacles, from developing the complex cable system to the delicate reflective panels. Through years of tireless effort and problem-solving, the team made one breakthrough after another. Sadly, Nan was diagnosed with lung cancer during the construction phase. Yet, even while receiving treatment, he continued to work, holding meetings in his hospital room and reviewing documents. He fought against time to see his dream realized. On September 25, 2016, FAST was officially completed. It is a marvel of modern engineering, allowing astronomers to explore the universe with unprecedented depth. Nan, however, passed away less than a year later, before FAST made its first major discovery of a new pulsar. Today, FAST stands as a monument to Nan Rendong’s vision, perseverance, and profound love for his country. He is remembered not just as a brilliant scientist, but as a national hero who dedicated his life to placing China at the forefront of astronomical research. 1.What initially inspired Nan Rendong to propose building FAST? A. The lack of China’s representation in international telescope projects. B. A direct order from the Chinese government. C. The discovery of a suitable location in Guizhou. D. His early research on pulsars. 2.How does the author describe Nan Rendong’s work on the project? A. He focused only on the theoretical design. B. He joined the project only in its final stages. C. He delegated all technical work to his team members. D. He was involved in every detail and led the team. 3.The word “unwavering” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to . A. uncertain B. steady and determined C. changing D. mild 4.Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain the technical specifications of the FAST telescope. B. To criticize the slow progress of scientific projects in China. C. To honor the life and achievements of a dedicated scientist. D. To compare FAST with other international telescopes. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆第一中学校·期中）Farming is moving indoors, where the sun never shines, where rainfall is irrelevant and where the climate is always right. The perfect crop field could be inside a windowless building with controlled light, temperature, wetness, air quality and nutrition. It could be a high-rise building in New York or a sprawling complex in the Saudi desert. It may be an answer to the world’s food problems. The world is already having trouble feeding itself. Half of the people on earth live in cities, and nearly half of those — about 3 billion — are hungry or ill-fed. Food prices, currently increasing, are buffeted by dryness, floods and the cost of energy required to plant, harvest and transport it. And prices will only get more unstable. Climate change makes long term crop planning uncertain. Farmers in many parts of the world are already using water available to the last drop. And the world is getting more crowded: by mid-century, the global hungry population will grow to 9 billion. To feed such a large population, people may need to expand farmland at the expense of forests and wilderness, or find ways to completely increase crop output. Gertjan Meeuws has taken the concept of greenhouse — growing vegetables and house plants in enclosed and controlled environments. In their research station, water flows into the pans when needed, and temperature is kept constant. Lights go on and off, creating similar day and night according to the rhythm of the plants. A building of 100 square meters and 14 layers of plants could provide a daily diet of 200 kilograms of fresh fruit and vegetables for the entire population of Den Bosch, about 140,000 people. Their idea is not to grow foods that require much space, like corn or potato. Here sunlight is not only unnecessary but can be harmful. Plants need only specific wavelengths of light to grow. Their growth rate is three times faster than those under greenhouse conditions. They use about 90 percent less water than outdoor agriculture. And city farming means producing food near consumers, so there’s no need to transport it long distances. 1.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A. Urbanization affects food prices. B. Global food security is in trouble. C. Farmers make the most of energy. D. The world’s population is expanding. 2.The underlined word “buffeted” in Paragraph 2 means “______”. A. badly affected B. sharply reduced C. steadily raised D. well achieved 3.What can be inferred from Gertjan Meeuws’s farming? A. It is the best way of farming. B. It helps save sea water a lot. C. It well suits different conditions. D. It boosts the production of corn. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. A great revolution in farming. B. Advantages of indoor farming. C. The development of indoor farming. D. Sunless and rainless indoor farming. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆西南大学附中·期中）Picture a robot. What do you see? A metal machine built to last forever? Unfortunately, this very quality now threatens to drown the planet in extremely durable (持久的) e-waste. What if, instead, those machines were designed to break down and disappear — like life does? In a new study, researchers crafted a robotic arm, and a controller to operate it, from pork gelatin and plant cellulose — materials strong enough to function yet delicate enough to degrade (降解) in the soil. After testing, both structures broke down in soil within weeks. Biodegradable robotics often falls under the umbrella of soft robotics. The field originated from materials science and chemistry rather than conventional robots that come from mechanical engineering. But a lot of early soft robots still relied on chemical materials that continue to exist as pollution. Pingdong Wei, a materials scientist at Westlake University in Hangzhou, teamed up with his friend Zhuang Zhang, a robotics engineer now at Fudan University in Shanghai, to assemble (组装) robots for the study. They started with cellulose layers from cotton, then added glycerol for flexibility and dried the layers for strength. “Cellulose is also cheap and easy to assemble,” Wei says. To build sensors, the researchers used a conductive gelatin from pork. They then folded the layers and sensors into 3D structures. Wei and Zhang found the controller and robotic arm stood up to both heavy use and a week of inactivity. Finally, they buried them both in a 20-centimeter-deep hole near their campus. Within eight weeks the machines were almost entirely gone. Wei and Zhang envision robots that can handle dangerous waste and then disappear. They also propose robots that aid surgeries and then safely break down inside the body. But it’s important to note that the technology is in very early stages. “If we truly want to have a sustainable robot that goes outside in nature,” a materials scientist Florian Hartmann says, “we also need to think of electronics or power supplies, or even batteries, that are biodegradable.” 1.What do we know about early soft robots? A. They are made of natural materials. B. They are too delicate for heavy use. C. They will produce e-waste pollution. D. They come from mechanical engineering. 2.Why did Wei and Zhang bury the controller and robotic arm? A. To see if they can work in soil B. To check if they can stay inactive. C. To test if they can break down. D. To assess if they can handle waste. 3.Which of the following best describes the robots in the new study? A. Safe to operate. B. Easy to degrade. C. Costly to produce. D. Complex to assemble. 4.What does Hartmann mainly talk about in the last paragraph? A. The necessity for sustainable robots. B. The potential applications of soft robots. C. The possibility of improving power supplies. D. The suggestions for future soft robot research. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆实验外国语学校·期中）A joint team from Peking University (PKU) and City University of Hong Kong has developed a groundbreaking photonic chip (光子芯片), which contributes to an ultra-wideband system (超宽带系统) capable of high-speed, frequency-tunable wireless transmission — a world-first achievement that is expected to enhance the reliability and efficiency of future 6G networks. What makes this chip special is its ability to cover an extremely wide frequency range — from 0.5 GHz to 115 GHz. This means a single chip can handle multiple frequency bands that previously required several separate devices. Its transmission speed can go beyond 120 gigabits per second, fast enough to download multiple high-definition movies in just one second. What makes this chip even more remarkable is its intelligence: it can automatically detect which frequency bands are crowded and switch to less busy ones. “This technology is like building a super-wide highway where electronic signals are vehicles and frequency bands are lanes (车道)”, explained Wang Xingjun, deputy dean of the School of Electronics at PKU. Previously, signals were crowded into one or two lanes, but now many lanes are available. If one lane is blocked, signals can switch flexibly to another, ensuring faster and smoother communication, Wang said. This breakthrough is based on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate (薄膜铌酸锂), a special material that allows the chip to process signals efficiently while reducing power consumption, solving a key problem in the development of practical 6G systems. Experiments have demonstrated that the system is capable of achieving wireless transmission rates higher than 100 Gbps, which is sufficient to stream 1,000 8K ultra-high-definition videos at the same time. It means that future 6G networks are expected to support cutting-edge applications such as remote surgery and advanced virtual reality, as well as provide connections from the deep sea to outer space. Currently, the research team is aiming to minimize its size, weight and power consumption. This progress showcases China’s growing strength in next-generation communication technology and brings us one step closer to the 6G era. 1.What is a key advantage of this new photonic chip? A. Lower production costs. B. Supports from universities. C. A broad frequency coverage. D. Maximized energy efficiency. 2.How does the author illustrate the chip’s intelligence? A. By comparing it to a flexible road system. B. By describing its application in communication. C. By listing its advantages over traditional devices. D. By explaining its role in energy consumption. 3.What does this progress indicate about China? A. Its economic competitiveness. B. Its leadership in 6G development. C. Its focus on international cooperation. D. Its efforts in cutting power consumption. 4.What’s the purpose of this passage? A. To explain challenges ahead in 6G network. B. To introduce a new chip for 6G communication. C. To compare differences between 5G and 6G networks. D. To discuss China’s attempts in global chip production. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆渝东九校·期中）Many people are unsure about drinking water before meals. They worry it might dilute their stomach acid. However, a new study finds that drinking water before eating can support weight loss and provide other health advantages. Having water before a meal helps you feel fuller, which reduces how much food you eat. It can also affect your food choices. When your body has sufficient water, it tends to prefer protein over high-calorie carbohydrates (碳水化合物). Drinking more water, particularly before meals, can lower your fasting blood sugar. While it is not a treatment for overweight, this simple habit helps control blood sugar and may prevent the condition from deteriorating. Water is also good for your blood circulation. Health experts recommend starting your day with a glass of warm water. This may lower your risk of blood clots and heart problems. The suggested amount is 200-400 ml, at a warm temperature of 35℃-40℃. If you often feel constipated (便秘), drinking more warm water can improve your digestion. Do not replace water with drinks like soda or coffee, as warm water is much better for your digestive system. The best way to stay hydrated is to drink water regularly in small amounts. The recommended approach includes drinking about 200-250ml each time, with regular intervals between servings. Contrary to popular belief, drinking water during meals is perfectly acceptable. Some people find water tasteless and choose sugary drinks instead. But too many sweet drinks can lead to weight gain and harm both your overall health and your teeth. 1.What effect does enough water in your body have on food preferences? A. It increases desire for high-sugar foods. B. It makes people dislike high-protein foods. C. It causes a preference for protein D. It reduces interest in various foods completely. 2.The word “deteriorating” in paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. improving gradually B. becoming worse C. disappearing instantly D. being controlled 3.What can be inferred about drinking water during meals? A. It challenges common beliefs about drinking water. B. It is less effective than drinking water before meals. C. It is a harmful habit that affects digestion. D. It is the most important time to drink water. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The dangers of replacing water with sugary drinks. B. The debate over whether to drink water during meals. C. The benefits of drinking water and recommended approaches. D. The health problems cured by drinking water. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆渝北中学·期中）Recently, a zoo located in the deep mountains has become popular. There are no eye-catching signs, grand gates, or high-tech facilities. The only way to reach this zoo is a winding mountain road built by the zoo director himself. It is such a “rustic-style” zoo that even locals didn’t know about it but recently, it has become a hit online. When you enter the zoo, what catches your eye are tidy animal enclosures and energetic animals. There are more than 20 species of national protected animals here, including Amur tigers, Bengal tigers, vultures and leopards. Each animal has its own name — such as “Xiong Da”, “Xiong Er”, “Da Kai” and “Xiao Kai”. The animals are cared for and cherished like children, and every detail here shows the love of their “guardians” behind them. The director of this zoo is a 70-year-old man named Feng Yuanyong. He used to be an educator. After retiring, he came from Suzhou, Anhui Province to Kaili to help his younger brother run this zoo and he has stayed here for ten years. Over the decade, he has taken on multiple roles: zoo director, ticket seller, guide and animal feeder. He has handled all these jobs by himself. Feng Yuanyong always adheres to the principle of “Animals First”: “No matter how poor we are, we always prioritize the animals’ food and water to ensure their health.” Sometimes, he even uses his own pension to cover the zoo’s expenses, such as animal feed and facility maintenance. In this era of prevalent consumerism, the “price persistence” of Kaili Zoo is particularly precious. Feng Yuanyong simply shared his original intention: “Making money is not my goal; being with the animals brings me joy.” Even though his hands are covered with old calluses and new wounds, he still feels happy here: “Happiness is a personal feeling; being content with oneself is happiness.” Now this 70-year-old man’s persistence has finally been noticed. The city of Kaili has launched a series of environmental improvement measures, including repairing the road leading to the zoo, sending more sanitation workers for daily cleaning, and adding public toilets. Director Feng recently said that with everyone’s joint help, the zoo’s financial situation has improved. He has also hired back workers to take care of the animals together. 1.What is the main reason for the zoo’s becoming a hit? A. Its remote location and lack of publicity. B. Its magnificent gate and modern facilities. C. Its country-style and well-cared-for animals. D. Its clean environment and a self-built mountain road. 2.What can be learnt about Feng Yuanyong? A. He managed the Kaili Zoo alone after his retirement. B. He named some zoo animals after cartoon characters. C. He spent more than a decade adopting many animals. D. He used his own money to support the zoo’s operation. 3.What is the work like according to Feng Yuanyong? A. Enjoyable and fulfilling. B. Tiring and rewarding. C. Challenging and valueless. D. Demanding and stressful. 4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The improved conditions of the zoo. B. Feng’s appreciation for public attention. C. The re-employment of workers in the zoo. D. The assistance provided by the local authorities. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·重庆南开中学校·期中）More and more women are “marrying down” in terms of education, reported The Atlantic. During the mid-20th century, marriages became more egalitarian as more women entered universities and the job market. But now, the trend of women partnering with educational equals is changing — more are practicing “hypogamy”, which means marrying someone of lower social class or education. In almost all developed countries, women outnumber men in higher education. In the UK, women first surpassed men in university admissions in 1996, and the gap grew: 2024 government data showed female students were 28% more than males. While this advancement is worth celebrating, it causes issues in relationships, noted The Independent. There has been an increase in “assortative mating”, where people want their potential partners to have the same education level as them. However, a 2023 study found 45% of single educated women blamed their status on “inability to find someone meeting expectations”. Yale’s Marcia Inhorn said women struggled to find partners meeting the “three ‘E’s: eligible (合格的), educated, equal”. It’s not just pickiness. Polling expert Daniel A. Cox surveyed over 5,000 people and found his interviews with the male participants “discouraging” — many were “limited in their ability and willingness to be fully emotionally present and available”. Therefore women feel down about dating. A 2023 Survey Center on American Life study found 41% of single women had “no interest in dating at all”. The Economist warned this pessimistic attitude might hurt falling birth rates, urging policymakers to fix root causes like underperforming boys’ education. It’s not all bad, though. The Atlantic noted shifting beliefs: Fewer people agreed “a wife earning more than her husband causes problems”. While hypogamous marriages used to be more likely to end in divorce, recent analyses suggest this is “no longer the case”. These trends might offer a reason to be cautiously optimistic about society’s ability to adjust to new realities. 1.What does the underlined word “egalitarian” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Complicated. B. Equal. C. Depressive. D. Diverse. 2.Why did Daniel find his interviews with the male participants “discouraging”? A. They reject the idea of “assortative mating". B. Few of them have received higher education. C. They lack the ability to be fully devoted and attentive. D. Most of them hold traditional views about women’s social roles. 3.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Wives’ higher incomes are becoming more acceptable. B. Policymakers have solved the problem of boys’ poor education. C. 41% of educated single women have no interest in bearing a child. D. Hypogamous marriages now lead to a higher divorce rate than before. 4.What topic is the passage mainly about? A. The ways to solve the problem of low birth rate among young people. B. The reasons why women are more likely to receive higher education. C. The trend of women “marrying down” and its influences on society. D. The differences between “marrying up” and “marrying down”. 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·重庆第八中学校·期中）A roadside system that detects if a mobile phone is in use in a passing vehicle is being tested in the UK first. Despite being unable to tell whether the driver is using the phone, it is hoped that it will act as a warning to people who make calls behind the wheel. The technology picks up the phone signal in the vehicle and activates a roadside warning sign of a mobile phone with a red line through it. The system cannot tell the difference between a driver and a passenger on a bus, but to some degree it can warn drivers that they can be detected using their phones. Using a directional antenna (天线)，the detector picks up radio waves produced by a phone handset, and measures the signal strength and length of them. When a signal is detected of duration (持续时间) long enough and signal strength strong enough to set off the system, the detector activates the warning sign. The detector is able to distinguish Bluetooth connections or hands-free devices which, when picked up, will prevent the activation. While this new system is no replacement for a police officer catching someone in the act, it could be enough to make some drivers think twice- and that has to be a positive step forward. However, just as technology has enabled the problem of drivers using mobile phones illegally, it can also be a big part of the solution in getting people to stop. Statistics from the devices will be shared with Norfolk Police, the county council said. The council said that enabling the system to record specific number plates could be a "future development". Using a mobile phone at the wheel is one of the four road crimes which can have horrible consequences if it causes a deadly or serious car crash. Law enforcement (执行) technology has been falling behind for a decade and not made any easier by motor producers that encourage users to plug in their phones even before driving. 1.Why is the roadside system used according to Paragraph 1? A. To send out cellphone signals to drivers. B. To detect drivers' illegal use of cellphone. C. To monitor people's use of phones while driving. D. To warm people against using pones while driving. 2.How does the detector of the roadside system work? A. It measures the length of the phone. B. It warns drivers with a phone in hand. C. It picks up radio waves from handsets. D. It activates the vehicle's Bluetooth system. 3.What does the text suggest drivers do with the road warning sign? A. Swift to Bluetooth while driving. B. Have a close watch of road signs. C. Avoid being picked up by detectors. D. Stop using a hands-free mobile phone. 4.What will the county council probably do in the future? A. Share the devices with the police. B. Make the system more advanced. C. Replace the police with the new system. D. Take steps to settle road safety problems. 主题语境03 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高二上·重庆凤鸣山中学·期中）Simply being quiet is a growing appeal. Lots of business have appeared to meet a rising demand for quiet time, from silent weekend getaways to silent dining, silent reading parties and even silent dating. Silence can mean different things to different people. We are usually silent only with those closest to us. So there is something almost radical(不同凡响的)about the recent trend towards enjoying silence with strangers. Mariel started a regular silent reading party in Dundee just under a year ago. Readers bring their books and meet in a bar, where they read together in silence for an hour or sometimes two and then put their books away to chat and have a drink. “When the reading party starts, everything goes quiet,” says Mariel, “ It’s a little bit surreal (超现实的), especially in what is usually a noisy bar. However, there is something special about sharing the silence with others. It offers a chance to escape from reality; everyone is so busy with work and with technology being ever present. An event like this gives people the opportunity to escape these things for a while.” Honi Ryan is an artist based in Berlin who began hosting silent dinner back in 2006. The rules of the dinner are: no talking, no using your voice, no reading or writing, trying to make as little noise as possible, not connecting with technology, and staying for at least two hours. So far she has taken her silent dinner project to Mexico, the US, Australia and China. “It’s evident that the age-old connections we make over food do not depend on the words around it. Silence creates the space for the people and places involved to fill with whatever is needed; it is quite different from our usual social behaviors.” 1.Why have lots of silent businesses appeared? A. To satisfy people’s demand for silence. B. To make people get close to each other. C. To appeal to young people. D. To change people’s old way of life. 2.What can we learn about Mariel’s silent reading parties? A. Readers can use their voice while reading. B. Readers can be busy with their work. C. Readers can connect with technology. D. Readers can chat and drink after reading. 3.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to . A. noise B. space C. silence D. food 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Escape from Reality. B. Enjoying Being Quiet. C. Silent Reading Parties. D. Silent Dining Projects. 主题语境04 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆万州第二高级中学·期中）Google Shopping is transforming the way people discover and purchase fashion items by integrating advanced AI tools that make shopping more intuitive and personalized. Every day, over a billion shopping searches occur on Google, yet more than half of shoppers report difficulties finding products that match their specific vision—whether it’s a “colorful midi dress with big daisies” or “tailored wide-leg trousers.” To bridge this gap, Google has rolled out innovative features designed to enhance product discovery and decision-making. One standout feature is Vision Match, now available to all mobile users in the U. S. This tool allows shoppers to describe their ideal item in detail—such as “strapless satin evening gown with lace trim”—and generate AI-powered visual suggestions. By selecting the “Can’t find it? Create it!” option or using the “Create & shop” button in the Shopping tab, users receive tailored recommendations that bring their fashion ideas to life. The feature not only displays AI-generated images but also surfaces similar purchasable products from various retailers. Another key advancement is the expanded virtual try-on tool, which now includes pants, skirts, and dresses in addition to tops. When browsing items labeled with a “try on” badge, shoppers can see how garments fit on real models representing a wide range of body types, from XXS to XXL. Google’s improved machine learning models even generate complete outfit previews, pairing selected bottoms with complementary tops and shoes for a realistic styling experience. This helps users visualize how pieces will look in real life, reducing uncertainty and boosting confidence in their purchases. By combining AI-generated visuals, precise search matching, and immersive try-on capabilities, Google Shopping is addressing common frustrations in online fashion retail. These tools aim to replicate (复制) the in-store experience of exploring styles and assessing fit, all within a digital platform. While currently limited to the U. S. market, these innovations signal a shift toward more interactive, user-centric e-commerce—one where finding the perfect item is as simple as describing it or seeing it worn before clicking “buy”. 1.What is the main purpose of Google Shopping’s new AI tools? A. To favor certain retailers. B. To replace human designers. C. To decrease search numbers. D. To enhance shopping experience. 2.How does the “Vision Match” feature work? A. By completing purchases automatically. B. By generating AI-based visual suggestions. C. By enabling custom clothing design services. D. By displaying only partnered brands’ products. 3.What is a key benefit of the virtual try-on tool? A. It displays clothing fit on diverse body types. B. It provides discounts for trying items virtually. C. It automatically creates outfits from different stores. D. It allows users to redesign clothes before purchasing. 4.What future trend does Google Shopping’s AI signal? A. More physical stores. B. Less product details. C. Fewer global markets. D. Interactive online shopping. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆铁路中学校·期中）Physical cash not only influences how much we spend but also facilitates an intense sense of psychological ownership that digital payments don’t have, according to new research. The study suggests as cash disappears from our wallets, so too does our awareness of spending, leading to unthinking and unnecessary buying. Maintaining a physical element in our payment systems may be vital for promoting responsible spending behaviors. Dr Jashim Khan, lead-author of the study said, “The nature of cash — its smell, feel and the act of counting it — creates an emotional connection that digital payments lack. When handling cash, we aren’t just spending money; we’re parting with a piece of ourselves.” The research team conducted their study in two distinct cultures, New Zealand and China, using focus groups and open-ended questionnaires to gather rich, detailed data about consumer experiences with cash and cashless payment methods. Participants were asked to describe their feelings and behaviors surrounding the use of different payment modes. They found that cash promotes heightened awareness of spending, while cards and apps often lead to a disconnection from the money being spent. While 50% of transactions in China are made through app-based payments, participants expressed a lessened sense of ownership over their funds. Plus, happy and secure as people feel using third-party payment apps, they at times struggle with a sense of loss when parting with cash. In contrast, the ease of digital payments often results in mindless spending, as the credibility of cash is replaced by abstract numbers on a screen. The research shows cash. isn’t just money — it’s a way to stay connected to what we spend. Holding cash in our hands reminds us of its value, something that digital payments can make easy to forget. Moving to a cashless society means we need to understand how different payment choices affect us, not just financially but emotionally. Keeping this in mind enables us to make better decisions concerning money in a world where money often feels invisible. 1.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The emotional weight of cash. B. The popularity of digital payments. C. The reasons for currency exchange. D. The consequences of overconsumption. 2.How did the researchers get the outcome of their study? A. By interviewing high-income groups. B. By studying existing theories on money. C. By summarizing replies from respondents. D. By observing consumers’ behaviors firsthand. 3.What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. People should use money wisely. B. Money makes the world go round. C. Cash is inconvenient and outdated. D. Cash payment is safer than digital payments. 4.In which publication is the text most likely to appear? A. Motor Trend, B. Science Daily. C. Art and Design. D. Muscle and Fitness. 主题语境05 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·重庆实验外国语学校·期中）Talking about income makes many people uncomfortable, but sometimes it’s unavoidable. For example, you have to discuss salaries when taking a new job or knowing your next year’s pay rise. Luckily, salary negotiation (协商) often works. A 2025 survey of American job seekers found 37% asked for more money, and 80% of them got more than the initial offer. This matches a 2011 paper, which showed negotiators got an average $5,000 more as starting pay. Yet negotiating isn’t easy for everyone. A study of 19 years of MBA graduates from an American business school found East and South-East Asian graduates had lower salaries than South Asian and white graduates. The propensity to negotiate among different groups explains the difference: East Asians and South-East Asians who did not try to negotiate were more likely to say they were concerned about damaging the relationship with an employer. If negotiating both raises salaries and takes a risk, what should a negotiator do? Leigh Thompson gives two suggestions to her MBA students as they look for work. One is not to start negotiating until you actually have a job offer. The other is not to turn a negotiation into a bidding war. Some bosses dislike pay requests, but others encourage negotiation. French AI startup Photoroom offers training to employees who want it. Boss Matt Rouif says the company checks if pay is below market rate by buying benchmark (基准的) data and sharing it with employees. “Many see negotiation as a fight, but we seek the fairest result,” he says. This is a good way for employees to view salary talks too. 1.What is the main finding of the 2025 survey? A. Most job seekers asked for raises. B. Salary negotiation often proved effective. C. Few people accepted initial salary offers. D. Employers refused to increase salaries. 2.The underlined word “propensity” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A. skills B. difficulty C. pleasure D. willingness 3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. Advice on salary negotiation. B. Timing of salary negotiation. C. Risks of salary negotiation. D. Advantages of salary negotiation. 4.What is Matt Rouif’s view on salary negotiation? A. It is important to be fair for both parties. B. It is a fight between employees and employers. C. It is harmful to employee-employer relations. D. It is unnecessary for employers to pay at market rate. 主题语境06 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·重庆万州第二高级中学·期中）Before the internet made book reviews widely accessible, where would curious minds go to find information about a new novel’s subject matter or a plot? If you lived in the Los Angeles area, you could reference the Los Angeles Public Library’s index of fiction book review cards. The reviews, a collection of thousands of index cards, contain library staff members’ thoughts and opinions about new fiction releases that the library carried. The library system started in the 1920s and into the 1980s. Robert Anderson, who has worked as a librarian at the LAPL since 1980, says the staff review cards were a handy tool that library staff used to answer specific questions the public had about different books. The reviews, along with being a helpful public tool, also helped staff pick which books the LAPL would order for their shelves. If a staff member reviewed a book favorably, they were more likely to carry the title and order multiple copies. The review process was simple: On an index card, library staff would handwrite or type up an abstract of a book they read and give their personal review of it. The cards offered adjectives that the reviewer could underline to indicate how the story might affect readers emotionally. For example, for the library’s review of Virginia Woolf’s 1925 book Mrs. Dalloway, the reviewer underlined “wholesome,” “pleasant,” and “interesting.” Of the staff member’s characterization of the book, Anderson said he wasn’t sure why the reviewer considered Woolf’s writing — which deals with loneliness and other, often dark human experiences — to be healthy, “but they did.” The Los Angeles Public Library’s index of staff review cards isn’t used regularly anymore. But the system now serves as a historical record of both the books, some almost 100 years old, as well as the cultural views held by the book-loving library staff of the time. 1.What could be found in the LAPL’s review cards? A. Public opinions about the library’s services. B. A list of all the books available in the library. C. A summary of the most popular books in the library. D. Librarians’ comments on newly added fiction books. 2.What was the purpose of the review cards for the public? A. To provide free books. B. To offer readers reference. C. To promote new authors. D. To help with book orders. 3.What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. The reviews’ comments were subjective. B. Virginia Woolf’s books were difficult to understand. C. The librarians made wrong judgements about the books. D. The reviewers used some adjectives to describe the books. 4.What is the author’s attitude toward the review card system? A. Critical. B. Doubtful. C. Appreciative. D. Neutral. 主题语境07 人与自然-宇宙探索 （25-26高二上·重庆南开中学校·期中）It’s been nearly 3 years since NASA’s InSight mission ended on Mars. Its solar panels were covered in dust stopping it from working. But data from the lander, which captured signals from faint marsquakes to probe the planet’s interior, are still yielding fresh results. Two new studies use InSight data to paint a new portrait of this Red Planet. One study says remains of huge ancient impacts are hidden deep inside Mars. The other claims to have identified a solid inner core (核). Taken together, the findings suggest that the planet is, more or less, like Earth than researchers expected. The first study, published last month in Science, suggests the martian mantle (地幔) does not mix like Earth’s mantle, but rather preserves the remains of smaller planetary bodies that collided to form the planet. The second result, published last week in Nature, goes deeper, finding that rather than possessing a purely melted metal core, as earlier InSight analyses suggested, Mars—like Earth—has a solid core at its center. Neither paper is an open-and-shut case. The problem comes from how hard it is to do seismology (地震学) on Mars. On Earth, researchers use hundreds of seismic stations to study the seismic waves from thousands of strong earthquakes, which pass through the planet, sometimes reflecting off layers of different densities. But InSight had only a single seismic station, disturbed by wind, to measure the vibrations from mostly weak marsquakes. Both studies will face doubt, says Hrvoje, a seismologist at Australian National University. Still, if they hold up, the findings have the potential to transform our understanding of how rocky planets form. The structures frozen in the mantle support the idea that rocky planets form from the collision of planetary embryos, rather than combining out of a cloud of pebbles, as some researchers have suggested. And the inner core paper challenges models that suggest Mars’s core is entirely melted. “I suspect this will upset many people,” says Simon, a seismologist at ETH Zurich. “A lot of people were very comfortable with the nonexistence of the inner core.” 1.What do we know about the NASA’s InSight lander? A. It is still working on Mars today. B. It collected data about Mars’ interior. C. Its solar panels were broken by marsquakes. D. It discovered a solid inner core of Mars first. 2.How is Paragraph 2 developed? A. By defining a concept. B. By giving examples. C. By stating cause and effect. D. By comparing and contrasting. 3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence? A. Both studies fail to provide any useful data about Mars. B. The two studies prove that the inner core of Mars is not solid. C. Neither of the two studies has conclusions that are completely certain. D. The two studies have already been accepted by most scientists without doubt. 4.How do many people feel about the existence of Mars’s inner core? A. Unacceptable. B. Indifferent. C. Comfortable. D. Excited. 主题语境08 人与自然-环境 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆渝中巴蜀中学校·期中）Using crushed rock dust to speed up the rate at which soils absorb carbon dioxide could also affect the climate by making Earth’s surface reflect more or less of the sun’s radiation. Enhanced rock weathering (ERW), is rapidly growing around the world. It involves sprinkling (洒) crushed, volcanic rock, such as basalt (玄武岩), onto soils to accelerate the natural weathering process by which CO₂ in the atmosphere is converted to stable minerals. But if the practice is scaled up to cover large areas of land around the world, it could alter the planet’s reflectivity, or albedo, according to Brad Marston at Brown University in Rhode Island. Albedo is a measure of how much light something reflects, on a scale from 0 (none) to 1 (all). Whiter areas of the planet like the polar ice caps bounce more sunlight back into space, providing a cooling effect, while darker areas absorb more heat and speed up warming. If the rock dust spread on fields is paler than the existing soil, Earth’s albedo could increase, says Marston, boosting the cooling effect from ERW. However, if the dust is darker than the soil, it could have the opposite effect. Based on modelling, Marston and his colleague estimate that if 5 million square kilometres of agricultural land were spread with crushed rock, it could remove about 1 gigatonne (十亿吨) of CO₂ per year from the atmosphere. “Increasing albedo by just 0.1 on all agricultural land would result in Earth cooling by roughly 1°C, they estimate. If ERW had a positive impact on Earth’s albedo, it could provide a double climate benefit, says Marston, offering long-term cooling thanks to the soil’s increased CO₂ absorption and short-term cooling from the albedo change. But other researchers aren’t convinced ERW could alter planetary albedo. Noah Planavsky at Yale University says most farmers try to minimize the amount of time that soil is exposed. “For most of the year, you have a crop that is totally covering the soil or you have the remains after harvest,” he says. That means Marston and Ibarra may have overestimated the albedo impact of ERW, he says. 1.What is the main purpose of ERW according to the passage? A. To protect crops from climate change. B. To change the color of agricultural soils. C. To speed up soils’ absorption of carbon dioxide. D. To bring down Earth’s reflectivity and cool the planet. 2.What do we know about albedo from paragraph 4? A. Paler soils are more likely to help increase albedo. B. All white surfaces have an albedo value exactly equal to 1. C. Albedo works best at high altitude areas like mountain tops. D. Darker soils have higher albedo practical value for rock dust. 3.What can we infer from Noah Planavsky’s words? A. Farmers often cover the soil for a long time. B. Farmers make efforts to reduce the ERW influence. C. ERW may not work as effective as Marston expected. D. Cover crops might do harm to agricultural production. 4.What is the best title for the passage? A. ERW: A Double Benefit for Climate? B. ERW: An Inspiring Application in Agriculture. C. Rock Dust: A Perfect Material to Capture Carbon? D. Albedo: Best Solution to Reducing Atmospheric CO₂. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆万州第二高级中学·期中）From Beijing, more than 400 kilometers away, all the way up north, the temperature gradually drops. With the emergence of fire prevention warnings, Saihanba (塞罕坝), known as a “miracle on earth”, begins to come into view. In October, the cold wind blowing from Siberia has dyed (染色) Saihanba golden. In Mongolian, Saihanba means beautiful high mountains. However, Saihanba was a desert of “yellow sand covering the sky and flying birds without inhabiting trees” 62 years ago. Whenever the north wind blows, the windy sand located in Inner Mongolia will drive southward, reaching Beijing and Tianjin. After more than half a century of forest plantation, people who have come to Saihanba can hardly imagine the arid (干旱) scene. Occasionally, a gust of wind passes by, and they would just sigh and shout how strong the wind is, but they would not feel sandblasted (喷砂). On Oct 9, watchmen Liu Jun and Wang Juan were observing the surrounding forest area on a watchtower in Saihanba Forest Farm in Hebei province. Liu is in charge of the observation and Wang keeps recording. “Spring and autumn are the critical fire prevention periods for our forest farm. We need to stay here for three months, have three meals a day, work and live in the building,” says Liu Jun, who has been engaged in observation for 13 years. Simple as it looks, the job is quite the burden on their shoulders. Only by enjoying loneliness can they keep this forest safe and sound. Saihanba today is not only a “green Great Wall” for windbreak and sand fixation (固化), but also a timber (林木) source. Many people would doubt why the trees that have grown up here are to be cut down in a planned way. Liu explains that most of the trees here are planted forest, and the forest species are relatively single, unlike natural forests that can adapt on their own and survive the fittest. The selective cutting of plantation forests is more like thinning when farmers plant crops. Only in this way can the nutrient area be expanded and diseased plants also be removed to ensure the healthy development of the forest areas. 1.What can be learned about Saihanba from the first three paragraphs? A. It is suffering from a cold wind. B. Its desertification is under control. C. It is weathering a sandstorm. D. Its climate is beyond expectation. 2.Which of the following best describes the watchmen? A. Bored but attentive. B. Simple but responsible. C. Tired but engaged. D. Lonely but committed. 3.What does the underlined word “thinning” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Making something more beautiful and attractive. B. Making something stronger and healthier. C. Making something less thick or dense. D. Making something more valuable and useful. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Golden Miracle B. The Sand Wasteland C. The Timber Farm D. The Green Guardian 主题语境09 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆渝中巴蜀中学校·期中）Just imagine: apples fought with oranges on horseback. Our imaginations are capable of this — and much more. They are responsible for films and novels, as well as buildings and computers. They are incredibly powerful. And yet the imaginings themselves are hard to define. Enter Adam Zeman, a neurologist whose book, The Shape of Things Unseen: A New Science of the Imagination, is a fine guide to the tricky science of the imagination. Zeman begins by saying that he wants to make this “accessible”; and he certainly pulls that off, but he has to do a lot of complicating in the process. After all, while we might think of imagination as mostly a visual skill — a sort of “seeing” by “the mind’s eye” — there are instances where we smell something through “the mind’s nose”. So Zeman takes us on a necessarily twisting path, explaining, complicating and tripping over various fences along the way. For a subject like the imagination, a certain width is to be expected, but his book is admirably wide-ranging. Zeman interviews novelists and astrophysicists (天体物理学家). He describes paintings and the functioning of synapses (神经元的突触). This is a book that concerns art almost as much as it concerns science. As Zeman says: “Science uses imagination to show us as far as possible, how things really are; art, just as importantly, to show us how they feel.” If there is one thread running through the book, it is the notion that “the ‘real’ world is almost as much a product of our creative minds as its countless virtual cousins”. It’s a “predictive brain” that generates and updates mental models to anticipate the world around it. There is, though, much else to mention, which is the major flaw here. For every explanation of how neural networks (神经网络) operate, there is a brief history of the greenhouse effect. For every detailed case study, there are short Wikipedia-ish passages. I would have preferred Zeman to expand on his thinking across two or three chapters, which is both a criticism and a compliment — if you can imagine such a thing. 1.What does Adam Zeman aim to achieve with his book? A. To reveal the “predictive brain” is the key to imagination. B. To explain how complicated the imagination is in science. C. To help people easily grasp the science behind imagination. D. To prove imagination is more important for art than science. 2.How does Zeman develop the subject of his book? A. By listing the flaws of previous studies on imagination. B. By comparing different types of imagination in daily life. C. By sharing personal stories about his research on the brain. D. By including conversations and discussions of art and science. 3.What does the underlined word “thread” in paragraph 5 mean? A. A main theme. B. A type of cloth. C. A difficult problem. D. A personal experience. 4.What do we know about the author’s comment on Zeman’s book? A. The book’s wide range deserves praise. B. The book could explore certain topics more deeply. C. The admirable width of the book is a highlight of the book. D. The Wikipedia-ish explanations should include more details. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆育才中学·期中）Sometimes, the best thing for a penguin is to go with the flow. Magellanic penguins change their strategy for directing themselves home based on the strength of ocean currents: swimming almost straight back to their colonies (栖息地) in calm waters, but following currents when they are strong — traveling farther but conserving energy; researchers report in PLOS Biology. From September to February, Magellanic penguins raise their young in coastal colonies of Chile and Argentina. Adult penguins travel more than 100 kilometers in one trip to find small fish to feed their babies. Such long ocean journeys require not only a keen sense of direction but skills in dealing with ocean currents, which can either aid movement — like how sea turtles use currents for their seasonal movements — or sweep animals off course. While penguins can swim against strong currents, study coauthor Wilson notes that it’s not wise: “Why catch all that fish just to waste energy swimming against the current?” To uncover their strategies, Wilson and coworkers monitored 27 adult penguins from Argentina’s San Lorenzo colony using GPS and movement trackers under varying current conditions. After nearly 30 hours of fishing, their return trips — lasting up to 16 hours — always began with the penguins pointing directly toward their colonies, but their following path depended on the day’s ocean conditions. In calm waters, they maintained a nearly straight line. However, in strong currents, they adopted S-shaped paths following the area’s natural current patterns. As currents changed direction during their journey, they avoided being carried too far off course. These longer trips not only provided extra fishing opportunities but saved energy, according to estimates of the effort required to swim at specific speeds. This behavior suggests penguins assess current strength and direction to select the best paths to follow. Their ability likely originates from a mix of natural tendency — genetically built rough guides to the sea — and learning, with young penguins observing and copying adult behavior to refine their skills. 1.How does the author present the fact in the first paragraph? A. By referring to a report. B. By explaining a term. C. By giving examples. D. By comparing data. 2.What determines the penguins’ next path to follow according to the research? A. The effort required to swim. B. The length of fishing time. C. The distance of fishing trips. D. The conditions of daily currents. 3.What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning “S shaped paths” in paragraph 4? A. The opportunity for extra fishing. B. The consequence of wasting energy. C. The method of avoiding strong currents. D. The strategy of adapting to strong currents. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Magellanic Penguins: Masters of Long Trips B. Ocean Currents: Keys to Penguin Survival C. Magellanic Penguins: Smart Current Users D. Ocean Currents: Calm Tides and Rough Waves 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·重庆南坪中学校·期中）If you ask a Westerner to name a successful Chinese consumer-goods brand, most would have struggled until recently. Although China is the world’s leading manufacturing power, it has long fallen behind in creating imaginative, home-grown retail (零售) brands and products. That, however, is beginning to change. Innovative Chinese brands are appearing everywhere. From Stockholm to Sydney, the electric cars silently passing by are increasingly likely to be Chinese. Mixue, an ice-cream and cold drinks company, has overtaken McDonald’s to become the world’s largest fast-food chain by number of outlets. It is expanding in South America, as is Meituan, a Beijing-based delivery app. Chagee, a chain of tea shops, is on track to have at least 1, 300 stores outside China by the end of 2027, mostly in Southeast Asia; just a few years ago, it had almost none. Meanwhile, Pop Mart, a Chinese toy company, has created a buzz as much as Disney with its unusual grinning nine-toothed dolls, called Labubus. It is impossible not to admire the creative force behind these successful enterprises. Western consumers have been buying products made in China for decades. However, these goods were mostly designed by and produced for foreign companies. Chinese brands were long regarded as low-quality and lacking creativity. New companies are now challenging these old assumptions. Many proudly emphasize their Chinese heritage. For example, Chagee’s logo features a Peking Opera singer in full costume, and its name comes from “Farewell, My Concubine,” a classic Chinese opera. The video game “Black Myth: Wukong,” one of the most successful ever, features the Monkey King from the 16th-century novel Journey to the West. Today, many Chinese brands compete not only on price but also on quality. Chagee’s drinks can even be as expensive as Starbucks’. Western companies will need to wake up and take notice of bubble tea. In the future, they will have to make more efforts to understand Chinese consumers’ unique tastes. Some may even partner with innovative Chinese firms to gain insight and inspiration. Competition from China could eventually push Disney, Mattel toys, and other major Western brands to reach new levels of creativity. 1.What does the underlined part “created a buzz” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Caused public excitement. B. Made a loud noise. C. Lost great popularity. D. Received negative comments. 2.How did the western consumers find Chinese brands? A. Full of imagination. B. Short of creativity. C. Quality guaranteed. D. Mass produced. 3.What is the author’s advice for the western brands? A. Notice different bubble tea. B. Ignore the Chinese influence. C. Cooperate with Chinese brands. D. Lower the price of the products. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. The history of Chinese retail brands. B. How foreign firms win Chinese customers. C. Why Chinese products were unpopular before. D. The rise of innovative Chinese brands globally. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆长寿中学校·期中）Every time we get on a plane, we’re asked to either turn off our phones or change them to flight mode — it’s for “security reasons”. But according to The Conversation website, having to turn our phones off on a plane is “a service issue, not a safety one”. When we speak on our phones in the air, they can cause interference to the aircraft’s radios and pilots can hear this interference in their headphones. “It’s the same noise you’ll be familiar with, if you put your mobile too close to a speaker,” the Mirror noted. “It is not safety-critical, but is annoying for sure.” Though speaking on a phone during a flight isn’t dangerous, from the viewpoint of service, it isn’t still a good idea. When we make or receive a call on the ground, we connect to a cell tower that deals with all calls within an 80-kilometer radius (半径). As we move from place to place we are “handed on” to different cell towers. As US scientist Sven Bilen explains, for this system to work, there are “built-in” expectations: There shouldn’t be too many “handoffs” and people shouldn’t be traveling faster than car speeds. “Of course, phone users should be close to the ground.” he added. If we were to make phone calls while we flew, however, none of these expectations would be met. And even worse, our cellphones would stop working. But now things are beginning to change. If we still can’t speak during a flight, we can use other phone functions. For example, Airbus A330 of Emirates Airlines has inflight WiFi to make passengers send and receive short messages in the air. In the future, as Bilen points out, it may be possible for air travelers to make and receive calls freely. The breakthrough could be “pico cells”, which are small cell towers on the plane itself. There would no longer be connections made between phones and the ground and therefore there would be no danger of disturbance of phone service. One day, perhaps, we will be chatting in the air as much as we chat on the ground. 1.Why is making a phone call NOT allowed on a plane? A. Because it will pose a threat to their safety. B. Because it can guarantee a better service. C. Because it fails to be connected to the cell tower. D. Because it may cause annoying noise to pilots. 2.How many “built-in” expectations are mentioned to help make a call? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 3.What can we infer from the passage? A. People need to travel slower than airplane speeds while phoning. B. Pico cells may contribute to free phone calls on a plane. C. Undisturbed phone service has been provided by airlines. D. Passengers can receive calls on Airbus A330 through inflight WiFi. 4.Where is the text most likely from? A. A newspaper. B. An official document. C. A guidebook. D. A science fiction story. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆南坪中学校·期中）The rainforests are alive with the sound of animals. Besides the pleasure of the noise, it is also useful to ecologists. If you want to measure the biodiversity of a piece of land, listening out for animal calls is much easier than looking for tracks or spoor in the woods. But such “bio-acoustic (声音地) analysis” is still time-consuming, and it requires an expert pair of ears. In a paper published in Nature Communications, a group of researchers led by Jörg Müller, an ecologist at the University of Würzburg, describe a better way: have a computer do the job. Smartphone apps already exist that will identify birds, bats or mammals simply by listening to the sounds they make. Their idea was to apply the principle to conservation work. The researchers took recordings from across 43 sites in the Ecuadorean rainforest. Sound recordings were taken four times every hour, over two weeks. The various calls were identified manually by an expert, and then used to construct a list of the species present. As expected, the longer the land had been free from agricultural activity, the greater the biodiversity it hosted. Then it was the computer’s turn. The researchers fed their recordings to artificial-intelligence models that had been trained, using sound samples from elsewhere in Ecuador, to identify 75 bird species from their calls. “We found that the AI tools could identify the sounds as well as the experts,” says Dr Müller. Of course, not everything in a rainforest makes a noise. Dr Müller and his colleagues used light-traps to capture night-flying insects, and DNA analysis to identify them. Reassuringly, they found that the diversity of noisy animals was a reliable proxy (指标) for the diversity of the quieter ones, too. The results may have relevance outside ecology departments, too. Under pressure from their customers, firms such as L’Oreal, a make-up company, and Shell, an oil firm, have been spending money on forest restoration projects around the world. Dr Müller hopes that an automated approach to checking on the results could help monitor such efforts, and give a standardized way to measure whether they are working as well as their sponsors say. 1.Which of the following best describes Dr Müller’s method of bio-acoustic analysis? A. Costly. B. High-tech. C. Impractical. D. Labor-consuming. 2.What can we learn from the research of Dr Müller? A. The species in the rainforests have increased. B. There are more reliable sound recordings in Ecuadorean rainforest. C. Trained AI models can’t identify as many kinds of sounds as experts. D. Agricultural activity negatively influenced the richness in species. 3.Why did the Dr Müller and his colleagues do the survey in Paragraph 5? A. To confirm the biodiversity of the quieter animals. B. To figure out the species of quieter animals. C. To emphasize the biodiversity of the noisy animals. D. To trap the noisy animals and the quieter ones. 4.What can be inferred in the last paragraph? A. Dr Müller hopes forest restoration projects to be effective. B. Some firms have been sponsoring the development of AI. C. Many consumers are concerned about ecological issues. D. The new way has become a standardized way to monitor the effectiveness. 主题语境03 人与自然-宇宙探索 （25-26高二上·重庆复旦中学教共体·期中）When Boeing’s new Starliner spacecraft docked with the International Space Station (ISS) earlier this year, the two NASA astronauts on board discovered several minor faults in its propulsion system, leading to a much longer than expected stay on the ISS. This led to headlines about the astronauts being “stranded (滞留)” in space and a renewed interest in the subject of space rescue. Astronauts normally leave the ISS in the same vehicle they arrived in—and that’s as true in the case of an emergency evacuation (疏散) as a routine departure. So any problem with the spacecraft-even a relatively minor one--is a potential worry. If the problem is considered to put the astronauts’ lives at risk, then a replacement spacecraft will be sent up. The key to any kind of in-space rescue is the ability to connect two spacecraft together so astronauts can transfer quickly and safely from one to the other. This process is referred to as docking, and in principle can apply to uncrewed vessels as well as crewed (载人的)ones. However, when an uncrewed vehicle is involved, the procedure is more often referred to as “berthing” rather than docking. The difference is that a crewed spacecraft actively flies in and couples to the ISS, while an uncrewed one is grabbed by a robotic arm operated by an astronaut on board the station and then gently pulled in and attached to one of the external ports. In those early days, the Soviets and Americans developed their own systems for docking, but they soon realized that agreeing an international standard would make future space rescues much more practical. In 2010 the ISS member states-Russia, the United States, Japan, Canada and the European Space Agency (ESA)—formally agreed on an International Docking System Standard (IDSS). This will apply to all future docking systems, and also covers berthing mechanisms. In docking mode, one vehicle—typically the visiting spacecraft, such as the Soyuz or Crew Dragon—takes an active role, while the other, usually the ISS itself, remains passive. Docking then proceeds in two phases, the first called “soft capture” and the second “hard capture”. Only after the second phase is complete are the two vehicles firmly locked together and it’s safe for the crew to transfer from one to the other. 1.Why is Boeing’s Starliner Spacecraft mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. To analyze the cause of space rescue. B. To stress the significance of space rescue. C. To suggest another strategy of space rescue. D. To introduce more knowledge about space rescue. 2.What’s the difference between docking and berthing? A. Docking is the earlier stage before berthing. B. Docking is safer than berthing in an evacuation. C. Docking is relatively active but berthing passive. D. Berthing isn’t completed in the ISS like docking. 3.What’s the purpose for some countries to set International Docking System Standard? A. Advance docking remarkably and rapidly. B. Make docking consistently and effectively. C. Research docking systematically and completely. D. Avoid member states’ faults totally and accurately. 4.What does “hard capture” mean? A. A crewed spacecraft actively flies into the ISS. B. The ISS itself usually remains passive when docking. C. An uncrewed spacecraft is pulled passively to the ISS. D. The two spacecraft connect together securely and strongly. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $