专题05 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道）（期中真题汇编，重庆专用）高一英语上学期

函学科网 www.zxxk.com 专题05阅读理解（议论文 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.A2.B3.B4.D 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.B 进阶提升 主题语境01人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.B3.B4.D 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.D 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.D2.D3.B4.C 1/1 让教与学更高效 +新闻报道) 专题05 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·重庆育才中学校·期中）An increasing number of the youth have become more worried about the climate change than ever before. Katie Cielinski and Aaron Regunberg are millennials (千禧一代). Before marrying in 2017, the couple struggled for nearly a decade on whether to have a baby on an already crowded planet. Katie argued for raising a climate guard to fight for a healthy planet, but Aaron feared for the future climate changes their child would face. They are hardly alone in that struggle. About 60 percent of Americans between 27 and 45 worry about the carbon footprint of bringing a child into the world, according to a 2020 survey published in the journal Climatic Change. It also found that more than 96 percent said they are concerned about the well-being of a child in a climate-changed world. There is a piece of good news in all the anxiety. In the United States, the young who have the most anxiety are also the most confident that they could do something about it. They have built a widespread movement — spreading awareness and calling for action — in an effort to prompt relevant authorities to act. In 2019, millions of youths took part in the same-day movements that went throughout the globe, from Sydney to New York to Mumbai, India’s largest city. Jennifer Atkinson is a professor of the University of Washington, Bothell. “My students feel a mix of ‘sadness, fear and anger’ at the climate changes they’ve seen in their 20-odd years of life.” she says, “I don’t tell them to avoid these ‘negative emotions’ — which are not actually negative at all, but a healthy response to loss. Sadness makes us clear about what we love and do not want to lose, and anger drives us to fight against unfairness. I encourage my students to see these strong feelings as a kind of superpower to help make a better world.” 1.What causes the disagreement on whether to have a baby for the couple? A. Climate change. B. The cost to feed it. C. The way to raise it. D. The crowded planet. 2.What is the function of the second paragraph according to the text? A. To list figures. B. To give evidence. C. To explain reasons. D. To make comparison. 3.What does the underlined word “prompt” mean in the third paragraph? A. Prevent. B. Drive. C. Advise. D. Allow. 4.How does Atkinson guide her students to view their feelings about climate change? A. By telling them to ignore these negative emotions. B. By reminding them that these feelings are useless. C. By helping them replace sadness and anger with happiness. D. By encouraging them to see the feelings as a positive superpower. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·重庆巴蜀中学教育集团·期中）In a classic study, one-year-old babies were placed on clear plastic near the edge of a “visual cliff” that made it appear that the ground drops away and they could fall. Their mothers were placed on the far side of the cliff and the babies looked at their facial expressions to determine if there was danger. If the mothers expressed positive emotions, most babies would cross over the cliff. If the mothers looked anxious or negative, the babies would refuse to crawl forward. This social referencing of looking to others to determine how to act continues throughout life. We determine how to act and who to trust based on the expression of emotion. But now we have created a situation where the signals of emotional expression are no longer accurate — they can be created or altered. Chatbots (聊天机器人) are able to convincingly express emotions in face and body posture. There are major ways that this could go very wrong. Amplification of our own personal echo chamber is one of the major concerns. Social media algorithms (算法) have already created echo chambers for people, where we can select who we interact with and what types of information we encounter. Over time, this results in a narrowed perspective and poor decision making that is based on limited information. People will favor chatbots that express positive emotion toward them, like appreciation and happiness. By contrast, any expression of negative emotion from others, or even neutral expressions, will feel discouraging and destructive. Additionally, chatbots that are able to convey emotional expressions can also have a strong influence on people’s behavior. Right now, lying and masking feelings takes effort and control. Deceivers (骗子) show “leakage” of their true emotions in what are called microexpressions that briefly reveal the underlying emotion, or in body postures and voices. But now people can use AI tools on videos of themselves to create fake emotion expression. Once the expressions become realistic enough, humans will have no chance of being able to get feedback from others about their behavior or to accurately identify emotion or deception from others. 1.What does the study about babies in the 1st paragraph suggest? A. Facial expressions are hard to understand. B. Interaction influences children’s behavior. C. Mothers play a vital role in children’s growth. D. Others’ emotion expression shapes our behavior. 2.What does the underlined word “amplification” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Narrowing. B. Increasing. C. Limiting. D. Repeating. 3.According to the last paragraph, which of the following is likely to happen? A. Building trust will become difficult. B. Masking feelings will become popular. C. Privacy will become a thing of the past. D. Body language will become unnecessary. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The role chatbots will play in social interaction. B. Potential risks chatbots might pose to humanity. C. The social signals given by emotional expressions. D. Social anxiety that might be caused by technology. 主题语境01 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·重庆合川瑞山中学·期中）No one wants others to have wrong ideas about what they can do. But sometimes, when people learn someone has a disability, they may not see the person's true potential. That's why, on World Down Syndrome (唐氏综合征) Day, the National Down Syndrome Society made a strong advertisement (广告). It focuses on an actress who has Down syndrome. The advertisement starts with this person talking about driving — many think she can't do it. Then, the person talks about other things and important life moments. All these things have one thing in common. People think someone with Down syndrome can't do them. These include living alone learning about Shakespeare, and going to parties. Unluckily, when people think this way, it can make those wrong ideas come true. The organization says in the advertisement, “When we have bad thoughts about people with Down syndrome, we might treat them in a way that makes those thoughts real. In sociology (社会学), this is called a self-fulfilling prophecy (自证预言).” We should notice the thoughts we have about others because of their disability or other things. Then we can change how we act. In this way, more people with Down syndrome will get encouragement, help, and support. These things will let them live their real lives fully. This advertisement is perfect for World Down Syndrome Day, but its message matters every day. The organization also says, “Let's change how we look at things. If we have positive thoughts about people with Down syndrome, we can give them more chances at school, at work, in sports, and in social life. Maybe these positive thoughts will finally become real too.” We all need to pay more attention to people with Down syndrome. Listen to their needs, support their dreams, and let them show what they can do. Everyone deserves a chance to live a happy and meaningful life. 1.What does the advertisement mainly show about the actress? A. Her illness. B. Her potential. C. Her learning to drive. D. Her study experience. 2.How should we deal with the self-fulfilling prophecy about Down syndrome? A. We should ignore its impact. B. We should live a happy life. C. We should discuss it with others. D. We should change the bad thoughts. 3.What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To explain reasons. B. To offer suggestions. C. To show backgrounds. D. To provide descriptions. 4.What may be the best title for the text? A. The self-fulfilling prophecy is explained in sociology B. We should support people with various disabilities C. Positive thoughts help people with Down syndrome D. An advertisement for World Down Syndrome Day is shown Passage 2 （25-26高一上·重庆第十一中学校·期中）Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging (判断) by the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person. People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes that cause pain to their feet, and tight body shapers that limit blood flow. Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair color or hairstyle. Some people even spend several hours a day in front of a mirror. Is fashion so important that people spend so much time and effort changing what they look like? If the purpose of fashion is to make a person feel good, it does not make sense that he or she would go through so much discomfort to be fashionable. Fashion should not come first. People should put their health and positive image in the first place. What people wear does not say anything about their personalities. Instead of spending hours choosing a dress, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together, such as playing soccer or badminton. Instead of going on strict diets and forcing yourself to stay hungry, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person. 1.Why does the author ask a question in the first paragraph? A. To enrich the content. B. To share different ideas. C. To introduce a new topic. D. To encourage readers to doubt. 2.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The development of fashion industry. B. The price to pay for being fashionable. C. The reasons why fashion is so important. D. The products popular with fashion followers. 3.Which activity would the author most likely recommend? A. Starting a strict diet with a friend. B. Playing tennis with friends. C. Shopping for fashionable clothes. D. Changing hairstyles every week. 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce the latest fashion habits. B. To tell readers how to remain fashionable. C. To show the advantages of following fashion. D. To advise readers to value health over fashion. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·重庆实验外国语学校·期中）Chinese swimmer Pan Zhanle, a rising star in the swimming world, is bringing new glory to China. At China’s National Swimming Championships in April 2024, Pan won the gold in the men’s 100m freestyle final with an amazing time of 46.97 seconds. By the end of the event, Pan had taken home a total of seven golds, showing his exceptional performance. Pan’s success has brought much hope to China’s men’s 100m freestyle, a field long led by European and US swimmers. He appeared on the global stage as the first Asian swimmer to finish the 100m within 47 seconds. Over the past seven months, he has achieved this three times, which include a new Asian record of 46.97 seconds at the 2023 Asian Games in Hangzhou and a new world record of 46.80 seconds at the Doha 2024 World Aquatics Championships. So far, only eight swimmers worldwide have managed to break the 47-second mark, placing Pan among the tops. The 48-second barrier was once a significant challenge for Asian swimmers, but Pan has shown it can be overcome. His teammate Wang Haoyu also swam within 48 seconds, with a time of 47.89 seconds in March 2023. Coach Xing Chao noted that at the Tokyo Olympics, China competed in nearly all swimming events except the men’s 4×100m freestyle relay. Now, with Pan and Wang, who can both swim under 48 seconds, the team’s strength has greatly increased for such relay events. In an interview, Pan has clearly expressed his desire to make winning a habit. “Breaking the world record was a natural outcome,” he shared, “I want to raise the standard even further, making it challenging for others to surpass.” His determination highlights his continuous pursuit of excellence and his goal to keep pushing limits in the sport, inspiring many young athletes. 1.How does the writer show Pan Zhanle’s achievements in the first two paragraphs? A. By listing numbers. B. By making comparisons. C. By quoting comments. D. By analyzing results. 2.What is a fact about China’s men’s 4×100m freestyle relay? A. It has long been led by Asian swimmers. B. It only needs players who swim under 47 seconds. C. It has become more competitive with Pan and Wang. D. It was one of China’s events at the Tokyo Olympics. 3.Which of the following best describes Pan Zhanle according to paragraph 4? A. Modest. B. Ambitious. C. Cautious. D. Independent. 4.What’s the purpose of the passage? A. To introduce Pan’s recent achievements. B. To encourage young people to swim. C. To explain the history of Chinese swimming. D. To highlight Pan’s influence and potential. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·重庆长寿中学校·期中）Most have probably heard of Henry David Thoreau and his book Walden, even though his message of simplicity may sound outdated. Nowadays, smartphones flood us with text messages. Many consumers are buying the latest digital devices, from tablets and fitness trackers to commercial drones (无人机). Simple living seems to be a thing of the past. Thoreau would beg to differ. As a writer who advocated the value of simplicity almost two centuries ago, he was a contrarian (叛逆者) for his time. He lived during the height of the Industrial Age, distinguished by the rise of large factories, expanding urban developments, and powerful machines. Turned off by the constant busyness of this time, Thoreau withdrew from city life to live alone in the woods. He brought with him only the necessities of life and wrote about this adventure in his book Walden. In the book, Thoreau is basically making a philosophical statement. We are not living meaningful lives due to modern technology. We created powerful machines to make life more convenient. Unfortunately, these machines have done the opposite. In his words, “men have become the tools of their tools”. That is to say, we are not the ones controlling technology. Technology is controlling us. Every few minutes, smartphones may distract us with messages. At least half of Americans check their phones several times an hour. Meanwhile, information overload from social media can weaken our concentration and heighten confusion. When technology causes that much distraction and confusion, it may be healthy to simplify life by reducing technology overuse. Personally, I’ve done so in two ways. First, I use very little data on my phone and keep the apps on it to a minimum. Most time, I only use my phone to call or text. Second, I quit most social media. Sure, those two things aren’t as extreme as Thoreau withdrawing into the woods. Nevertheless, they’re realistic moves I can make toward living a more meaningful life. 1.Which statement would Thoreau probably agree with? A. Technology holds back our ambition. B. Technology is key to a meaningful life. C. Simplicity is outdated in modern times. D. Simplicity is possible in a tech-driven world. 2.Thoreau escaped to the woods because ________. A. he was abandoned by society B. he enjoyed adventures in the forest C. he tried to prove his independence D. he was fed up with busy industrial life 3.Why are smartphones and social media mentioned in Paragraph 4? A. To discuss the effect of modernization. B. To illustrate men’s heavy reliance on tools. C. To highlight the extensive use of technology. D. To show the convenience of technological tools. 4.What does the author think of his ways of simplifying life? A. Amusing. B. Exciting. C. Satisfying. D. Challenging. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·重庆育才中学校·期中）An increasing number of the youth have become more worried about the climate change than ever before. Katie Cielinski and Aaron Regunberg are millennials (千禧一代). Before marrying in 2017, the couple struggled for nearly a decade on whether to have a baby on an already crowded planet. Katie argued for raising a climate guard to fight for a healthy planet, but Aaron feared for the future climate changes their child would face. They are hardly alone in that struggle. About 60 percent of Americans between 27 and 45 worry about the carbon footprint of bringing a child into the world, according to a 2020 survey published in the journal Climatic Change. It also found that more than 96 percent said they are concerned about the well-being of a child in a climate-changed world. There is a piece of good news in all the anxiety. In the United States, the young who have the most anxiety are also the most confident that they could do something about it. They have built a widespread movement — spreading awareness and calling for action — in an effort to prompt relevant authorities to act. In 2019, millions of youths took part in the same-day movements that went throughout the globe, from Sydney to New York to Mumbai, India’s largest city. Jennifer Atkinson is a professor of the University of Washington, Bothell. “My students feel a mix of ‘sadness, fear and anger’ at the climate changes they’ve seen in their 20-odd years of life.” she says, “I don’t tell them to avoid these ‘negative emotions’ — which are not actually negative at all, but a healthy response to loss. Sadness makes us clear about what we love and do not want to lose, and anger drives us to fight against unfairness. I encourage my students to see these strong feelings as a kind of superpower to help make a better world.” 1.What causes the disagreement on whether to have a baby for the couple? A. Climate change. B. The cost to feed it. C. The way to raise it. D. The crowded planet. 2.What is the function of the second paragraph according to the text? A. To list figures. B. To give evidence. C. To explain reasons. D. To make comparison. 3.What does the underlined word “prompt” mean in the third paragraph? A. Prevent. B. Drive. C. Advise. D. Allow. 4.How does Atkinson guide her students to view their feelings about climate change? A. By telling them to ignore these negative emotions. B. By reminding them that these feelings are useless. C. By helping them replace sadness and anger with happiness. D. By encouraging them to see the feelings as a positive superpower. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了气候变化对年轻人生活决策的影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Before marrying in 2017, the couple struggled for nearly a decade on whether to have a baby on an already crowded planet. Katie argued for raising a climate guard to fight for a healthy planet, but Aaron feared for the future climate changes their child would face. (2017年结婚前，这对夫妇为是否要在这个已经拥挤的星球上生孩子纠结了近十年。凯蒂主张培养一名‘气候卫士’为健康的星球而战，但亚伦担心他们的孩子未来将面临的气候变化。)”可知，气候变化是这对夫妇在是否生育问题上产生分歧的原因。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“About 60 percent of Americans between 27 and 45 worry about the carbon footprint of bringing a child into the world... It also found that more than 96 percent said they are concerned about the well-being of a child in a climate-changed world. (约60%的27至45岁美国人担心生育孩子带来的碳足迹……调查还发现，超过96%的人表示，他们担心孩子在气候变化后的世界中的福祉。)”可知，第二段通过引用调查数据，为第一段中“夫妇俩的纠结并非个例”这一观点提供了证据支持。故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段“They have built a widespread movement — spreading awareness and calling for action — in an effort to prompt relevant authorities to act. (他们发起了一场广泛的运动——传播意识并呼吁行动——旨在prompt相关当局采取行动。)”可知，年轻人发起运动的目的是推动当局行动，因此“prompt”意为“推动、促使”。故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“I encourage my students to see these strong feelings as a kind of superpower to help make a better world. (我鼓励我的学生将这些强烈的情感视为一种帮助创造更美好世界的超能力。)”可知，阿特金森教授引导学生将对气候变化的负面情绪视为积极的超能力。故选D。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·重庆巴蜀中学教育集团·期中）In a classic study, one-year-old babies were placed on clear plastic near the edge of a “visual cliff” that made it appear that the ground drops away and they could fall. Their mothers were placed on the far side of the cliff and the babies looked at their facial expressions to determine if there was danger. If the mothers expressed positive emotions, most babies would cross over the cliff. If the mothers looked anxious or negative, the babies would refuse to crawl forward. This social referencing of looking to others to determine how to act continues throughout life. We determine how to act and who to trust based on the expression of emotion. But now we have created a situation where the signals of emotional expression are no longer accurate — they can be created or altered. Chatbots (聊天机器人) are able to convincingly express emotions in face and body posture. There are major ways that this could go very wrong. Amplification of our own personal echo chamber is one of the major concerns. Social media algorithms (算法) have already created echo chambers for people, where we can select who we interact with and what types of information we encounter. Over time, this results in a narrowed perspective and poor decision making that is based on limited information. People will favor chatbots that express positive emotion toward them, like appreciation and happiness. By contrast, any expression of negative emotion from others, or even neutral expressions, will feel discouraging and destructive. Additionally, chatbots that are able to convey emotional expressions can also have a strong influence on people’s behavior. Right now, lying and masking feelings takes effort and control. Deceivers (骗子) show “leakage” of their true emotions in what are called microexpressions that briefly reveal the underlying emotion, or in body postures and voices. But now people can use AI tools on videos of themselves to create fake emotion expression. Once the expressions become realistic enough, humans will have no chance of being able to get feedback from others about their behavior or to accurately identify emotion or deception from others. 1.What does the study about babies in the 1st paragraph suggest? A. Facial expressions are hard to understand. B. Interaction influences children’s behavior. C. Mothers play a vital role in children’s growth. D. Others’ emotion expression shapes our behavior. 2.What does the underlined word “amplification” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Narrowing. B. Increasing. C. Limiting. D. Repeating. 3.According to the last paragraph, which of the following is likely to happen? A. Building trust will become difficult. B. Masking feelings will become popular. C. Privacy will become a thing of the past. D. Body language will become unnecessary. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The role chatbots will play in social interaction. B. Potential risks chatbots might pose to humanity. C. The social signals given by emotional expressions. D. Social anxiety that might be caused by technology. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章指出聊天机器人可伪造情绪表达的现象，并阐述其带来的“回音室”效应加剧、难以识别欺骗等潜在风险。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “Their mothers were placed on the far side of the cliff and the babies looked at their facial expressions to determine if there was danger. If the mothers expressed positive emotions, most babies would cross over the cliff. If the mothers looked anxious or negative, the babies would refuse to crawl forward.(婴儿们的母亲被安置在“视觉悬崖 的另一端，婴儿会观察母亲的面部表情来判断是否存在危险。如果母亲流露出积极的情绪，大多数婴儿都会爬过这个“悬崖”；如果母亲看起来焦虑或消极，婴儿就会拒绝向前爬行)”可知，婴儿的行为会根据母亲的情绪表达发生变化，这表明他人的情绪表达会影响我们的行为。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Social media algorithms (算法) have already created echo chambers for people, where we can select who we interact with and what types of information we encounter. Over time, this results in a narrowed perspective and poor decision making that is based on limited information. People will favor chatbots that express positive emotion toward them, like appreciation and happiness.(社交媒体算法已经为人们打造了“回音室”，在这个环境里，我们可以选择与谁互动、接触什么样的信息。长此以往，这会导致人们的视野变得狭隘，并且会基于有限的信息做出不明智的决策。人们会更青睐那些向自己表达积极情绪的聊天机器人，例如欣赏和快乐)”可知，划线此所在句子指的是“个人“回音室”效应的加剧是一个主要问题”，因此 amplification 的意思是“增加、加剧”，与increasing同义。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Once the expressions become realistic enough, humans will have no chance of being able to get feedback from others about their behavior or to accurately identify emotion or deception from others.(一旦这些伪造的表情足够逼真，人类将无法从他人那里获得关于自身行为的真实反馈，也无法准确识别他人的情绪或识破谎言)”可知，人们将难以辨别他人情绪的真假，建立信任会变得困难。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“But now we have created a situation where the signals of emotional expression are no longer accurate — they can be created or altered. Chatbots (聊天机器人) are able to convincingly express emotions in face and body posture. There are major ways that this could go very wrong.(但现在我们创造了一种情况，情绪表达的信号不再准确——它们可以被创造或改变。聊天机器人能够通过面部和身体姿势令人信服地表达情感。这可能会在很多方面出错)”可知，文章指出聊天机器人可伪造情绪表达的现象，并阐述其带来的“回音室”效应加剧、难以识别欺骗等潜在风险。故选B项。 主题语境01 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·重庆合川瑞山中学·期中）No one wants others to have wrong ideas about what they can do. But sometimes, when people learn someone has a disability, they may not see the person's true potential. That's why, on World Down Syndrome (唐氏综合征) Day, the National Down Syndrome Society made a strong advertisement (广告). It focuses on an actress who has Down syndrome. The advertisement starts with this person talking about driving — many think she can't do it. Then, the person talks about other things and important life moments. All these things have one thing in common. People think someone with Down syndrome can't do them. These include living alone learning about Shakespeare, and going to parties. Unluckily, when people think this way, it can make those wrong ideas come true. The organization says in the advertisement, “When we have bad thoughts about people with Down syndrome, we might treat them in a way that makes those thoughts real. In sociology (社会学), this is called a self-fulfilling prophecy (自证预言).” We should notice the thoughts we have about others because of their disability or other things. Then we can change how we act. In this way, more people with Down syndrome will get encouragement, help, and support. These things will let them live their real lives fully. This advertisement is perfect for World Down Syndrome Day, but its message matters every day. The organization also says, “Let's change how we look at things. If we have positive thoughts about people with Down syndrome, we can give them more chances at school, at work, in sports, and in social life. Maybe these positive thoughts will finally become real too.” We all need to pay more attention to people with Down syndrome. Listen to their needs, support their dreams, and let them show what they can do. Everyone deserves a chance to live a happy and meaningful life. 1.What does the advertisement mainly show about the actress? A. Her illness. B. Her potential. C. Her learning to drive. D. Her study experience. 2.How should we deal with the self-fulfilling prophecy about Down syndrome? A. We should ignore its impact. B. We should live a happy life. C. We should discuss it with others. D. We should change the bad thoughts. 3.What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To explain reasons. B. To offer suggestions. C. To show backgrounds. D. To provide descriptions. 4.What may be the best title for the text? A. The self-fulfilling prophecy is explained in sociology B. We should support people with various disabilities C. Positive thoughts help people with Down syndrome D. An advertisement for World Down Syndrome Day is shown 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了积极看待唐氏综合征患者的重要性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But sometimes, when people learn someone has a disability, they may not see the person's true potential. That's why, on World Down Syndrome (唐氏综合征) Day, the National Down Syndrome Society made a strong advertisement (广告). It focuses on an actress who has Down syndrome. (但有时，当人们得知某人患有残疾时，可能看不到这个人真正的潜力。这就是为什么在世界唐氏综合征日，美国国家唐氏综合征协会制作了一则有影响力的广告，主角是一位患有唐氏综合征的女演员)”可知，广告通过唐氏综合征女演员的事例，展现她被认为不能做但实际可能做到的事，核心是体现她的潜力。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“We should notice the thoughts we have about others because of their disability or other things. Then we can change how we act. (我们应该留意自己因他人的残疾或其他情况而产生的想法。然后我们可以改变我们的行为方式)”及第五段中“The organization also says, “Let's change how we look at things. If we have positive thoughts about people with Down syndrome, we can give them more chances at school, at work, in sports, and in social life. Maybe these positive thoughts will finally become real too.” (该组织还表示：“让我们改变看待事物的方式。如果我们对唐氏综合征患者抱有积极的想法，我们就能在学校、工作、体育运动以及社交生活中给予他们更多机会。也许这些积极的想法最终也会成为现实。”)”可推知，应对这种自证预言需改变负面想法，树立积极认知。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“We all need to pay more attention to people with Down syndrome. Listen to their needs, support their dreams, and let them show what they can do. Everyone deserves a chance to live a happy and meaningful life.. (我们都需要更加关注唐氏综合征患者。倾听他们的需求，支持他们的梦想，让他们展现自身能力。每个人都应有机会过上幸福且有意义的生活)”可推知，该段通过“需要关注、倾听需求、支持梦想”等表述，提出了对待唐氏综合征患者的具体建议。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段“We all need to pay more attention to people with Down syndrome. Listen to their needs, support their dreams, and let them show what they can do. Everyone deserves a chance to live a happy and meaningful life. (我们都需要更加关注唐氏综合征患者。倾听他们的需求，支持他们的梦想，让他们展现自身能力。每个人都应有机会过上幸福且有意义的生活)”可知，文章围绕唐氏综合征相关广告展开，核心强调改变负面想法、树立积极认知对唐氏综合征患者的重要性，最终会让积极想法成为现实。由此可知，C选项“Positive thoughts help people with Down syndrome (积极的想法帮助唐氏综合征患者)”贴合文章核心主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·重庆第十一中学校·期中）Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging (判断) by the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person. People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes that cause pain to their feet, and tight body shapers that limit blood flow. Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair color or hairstyle. Some people even spend several hours a day in front of a mirror. Is fashion so important that people spend so much time and effort changing what they look like? If the purpose of fashion is to make a person feel good, it does not make sense that he or she would go through so much discomfort to be fashionable. Fashion should not come first. People should put their health and positive image in the first place. What people wear does not say anything about their personalities. Instead of spending hours choosing a dress, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together, such as playing soccer or badminton. Instead of going on strict diets and forcing yourself to stay hungry, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person. 1.Why does the author ask a question in the first paragraph? A. To enrich the content. B. To share different ideas. C. To introduce a new topic. D. To encourage readers to doubt. 2.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The development of fashion industry. B. The price to pay for being fashionable. C. The reasons why fashion is so important. D. The products popular with fashion followers. 3.Which activity would the author most likely recommend? A. Starting a strict diet with a friend. B. Playing tennis with friends. C. Shopping for fashionable clothes. D. Changing hairstyles every week. 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce the latest fashion habits. B. To tell readers how to remain fashionable. C. To show the advantages of following fashion. D. To advise readers to value health over fashion. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了追求时尚与保持健康之间的平衡，指出时尚不应成为生活的首要追求，人们应该更重视健康和积极的生活方式。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging by the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person.(看起来时尚比舒适更重要吗？从他们穿的衣服来看，许多人似乎这么认为。但时尚并不是一切。做一个健康善良的人更重要。)”可知，作者在第一段提出问题是为了引入一个新的话题，即时尚与健康的重要性比较。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes that cause pain to their feet, and tight body shapers that limit blood flow. Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair color or hairstyle. Some people even spend several hours a day in front of a mirror.(人们为了时尚不惜一切代价。有些人认为他们必须拥有某种体型，所以他们采取极端、不健康的饮食来改变自己的身体。此外，许多女性穿着不舒适的时尚服装，比如高跟鞋，让脚疼痛，还有紧身塑身衣，限制血液流动。男人和女人都花时间和金钱在改变自然发色或发型的产品上。有些人甚至每天花几个小时在镜子前。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了为时尚所付出的代价。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Instead of spending hours choosing a dress, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together, such as playing soccer or badminton.(与其花几个小时挑选衣服，不如打电话给朋友一起做点什么，比如踢足球或打羽毛球。)”可知，作者最可能推荐的活动是和朋友一起做运动，如打网球。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Fashion should not come first. People should put their health and positive image in the first place.(时尚不应该放在第一位。人们应该把健康和积极的形象放在第一位。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是建议读者重视健康胜过时尚。故选D。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·重庆实验外国语学校·期中）Chinese swimmer Pan Zhanle, a rising star in the swimming world, is bringing new glory to China. At China’s National Swimming Championships in April 2024, Pan won the gold in the men’s 100m freestyle final with an amazing time of 46.97 seconds. By the end of the event, Pan had taken home a total of seven golds, showing his exceptional performance. Pan’s success has brought much hope to China’s men’s 100m freestyle, a field long led by European and US swimmers. He appeared on the global stage as the first Asian swimmer to finish the 100m within 47 seconds. Over the past seven months, he has achieved this three times, which include a new Asian record of 46.97 seconds at the 2023 Asian Games in Hangzhou and a new world record of 46.80 seconds at the Doha 2024 World Aquatics Championships. So far, only eight swimmers worldwide have managed to break the 47-second mark, placing Pan among the tops. The 48-second barrier was once a significant challenge for Asian swimmers, but Pan has shown it can be overcome. His teammate Wang Haoyu also swam within 48 seconds, with a time of 47.89 seconds in March 2023. Coach Xing Chao noted that at the Tokyo Olympics, China competed in nearly all swimming events except the men’s 4×100m freestyle relay. Now, with Pan and Wang, who can both swim under 48 seconds, the team’s strength has greatly increased for such relay events. In an interview, Pan has clearly expressed his desire to make winning a habit. “Breaking the world record was a natural outcome,” he shared, “I want to raise the standard even further, making it challenging for others to surpass.” His determination highlights his continuous pursuit of excellence and his goal to keep pushing limits in the sport, inspiring many young athletes. 1.How does the writer show Pan Zhanle’s achievements in the first two paragraphs? A. By listing numbers. B. By making comparisons. C. By quoting comments. D. By analyzing results. 2.What is a fact about China’s men’s 4×100m freestyle relay? A. It has long been led by Asian swimmers. B. It only needs players who swim under 47 seconds. C. It has become more competitive with Pan and Wang. D. It was one of China’s events at the Tokyo Olympics. 3.Which of the following best describes Pan Zhanle according to paragraph 4? A. Modest. B. Ambitious. C. Cautious. D. Independent. 4.What’s the purpose of the passage? A. To introduce Pan’s recent achievements. B. To encourage young people to swim. C. To explain the history of Chinese swimming. D. To highlight Pan’s influence and potential. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了泳坛新星潘展乐的诸多赛事佳绩，及其对中国男子游泳项目的影响和自身追求卓越的决心。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“At China’s National Swimming Championships in April 2024, Pan won the gold in the men’s 100m freestyle final with an amazing time of 46.97 seconds. By the end of the event, Pan had taken home a total of seven golds, showing his exceptional performance.(2024年4月的全国游泳锦标赛上，潘展乐以46秒97的惊人成绩夺得男子100米自由泳决赛金牌。赛事结束时，他共斩获7枚金牌，展现出了绝佳的竞技水平。)”以及第二段中的“He appeared on the global stage as the first Asian swimmer to finish the 100m within 47 seconds. Over the past seven months, he has achieved this three times, which include a new Asian record of 46.97 seconds at the 2023 Asian Games in Hangzhou and a new world record of 46.80 seconds at the Doha 2024 World Aquatics Championships. So far, only eight swimmers worldwide have managed to break the 47-second mark, placing Pan among the tops.(他成为首位游进男子100米自由泳47秒大关的亚洲选手，登上世界舞台。过去7个月里，他三次达成这一成就，包括2023年杭州亚运会46秒97的新亚洲纪录，以及2024年多哈世界泳联锦标赛46秒80的新世界纪录。目前全球仅有8名游泳选手能突破47秒大关，潘展乐跻身顶尖行列。)”可知，作者通过列举赛事时间、金牌数量、纪录数据等大量数字来展现潘展乐的成绩，运用了列数据的说明方法。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“His teammate Wang Haoyu also swam within 48 seconds, with a time of 47.89 seconds in March 2023. Coach Xing Chao noted that at the Tokyo Olympics, China competed in nearly all swimming events except the men’s 4×100m freestyle relay. Now, with Pan and Wang, who can both swim under 48 seconds, the team’s strength has greatly increased for such relay events.(他的队友王浩宇也于2023年3月游出47秒89的成绩，跻身48秒之内。教练邢超表示，东京奥运会时，中国游泳队几乎参加了所有游泳项目，唯独缺席了男子4×100米自由泳接力。如今有了均能游进48秒的潘展乐和王浩宇，该接力项目的队伍实力大幅提升。)”可知，潘展乐和王浩宇的加入让中国男子4×100米自由泳接力队的实力大增，变得更具竞争力。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In an interview, Pan has clearly expressed his desire to make winning a habit. “Breaking the world record was a natural outcome,” he shared, “I want to raise the standard even further, making it challenging for others to surpass.”(在一次采访中，潘展乐明确表示自己希望将获胜变成一种习惯。他称：“打破世界纪录是水到渠成的结果，我想进一步提高这项赛事的成绩标准，让其他人难以超越。”)”可知，潘展乐不满足于现有成绩，还想进一步提升成绩标准，由此可判断他极具抱负。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，第一段和第二段介绍潘展乐的亮眼赛事成绩，第三段说明他和队友为中国男子4×100米自由泳接力项目带来的积极影响，第四段体现他追求卓越、突破极限的决心。文章既展现了他的影响力，也凸显了他的潜力，核心是为了突出潘展乐的影响力与潜力。故选D项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·重庆长寿中学校·期中）Most have probably heard of Henry David Thoreau and his book Walden, even though his message of simplicity may sound outdated. Nowadays, smartphones flood us with text messages. Many consumers are buying the latest digital devices, from tablets and fitness trackers to commercial drones (无人机). Simple living seems to be a thing of the past. Thoreau would beg to differ. As a writer who advocated the value of simplicity almost two centuries ago, he was a contrarian (叛逆者) for his time. He lived during the height of the Industrial Age, distinguished by the rise of large factories, expanding urban developments, and powerful machines. Turned off by the constant busyness of this time, Thoreau withdrew from city life to live alone in the woods. He brought with him only the necessities of life and wrote about this adventure in his book Walden. In the book, Thoreau is basically making a philosophical statement. We are not living meaningful lives due to modern technology. We created powerful machines to make life more convenient. Unfortunately, these machines have done the opposite. In his words, “men have become the tools of their tools”. That is to say, we are not the ones controlling technology. Technology is controlling us. Every few minutes, smartphones may distract us with messages. At least half of Americans check their phones several times an hour. Meanwhile, information overload from social media can weaken our concentration and heighten confusion. When technology causes that much distraction and confusion, it may be healthy to simplify life by reducing technology overuse. Personally, I’ve done so in two ways. First, I use very little data on my phone and keep the apps on it to a minimum. Most time, I only use my phone to call or text. Second, I quit most social media. Sure, those two things aren’t as extreme as Thoreau withdrawing into the woods. Nevertheless, they’re realistic moves I can make toward living a more meaningful life. 1.Which statement would Thoreau probably agree with? A. Technology holds back our ambition. B. Technology is key to a meaningful life. C. Simplicity is outdated in modern times. D. Simplicity is possible in a tech-driven world. 2.Thoreau escaped to the woods because ________. A. he was abandoned by society B. he enjoyed adventures in the forest C. he tried to prove his independence D. he was fed up with busy industrial life 3.Why are smartphones and social media mentioned in Paragraph 4? A. To discuss the effect of modernization. B. To illustrate men’s heavy reliance on tools. C. To highlight the extensive use of technology. D. To show the convenience of technological tools. 4.What does the author think of his ways of simplifying life? A. Amusing. B. Exciting. C. Satisfying. D. Challenging. 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. B　4. C 【解析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过Henry David Thoreau的故事探讨了科技给生活带来了什么，说明应该适当简化生活，让生活更有意义。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段“Turned off by the constant busyness of this time, Thoreau withdrew from city life to live alone in the woods. He brought with him only the necessities of life and wrote about this adventure in his book Walden. In the book, Thoreau is basically making a philosophical statement. We are not living meaningful lives due to modern technology. We created powerful machines to make life more convenient. Unfortunately, these machines have done the opposite. In his words, “men have become the tools of their tools”.(Thoreau厌倦了这段时间不断的忙碌，他退出了城市生活，独自一人住在树林里。他只带了生活必需品，并把这次冒险写成了他的书《瓦尔登湖》。在书中，Thoreau基本上是在做一个哲学陈述。由于现代科技，我们没有过上有意义的生活。我们创造了强大的机器，使生活更方便。不幸的是，这些机器起到了相反的作用。用他的话来说，“人类已经成为工具的工具”)”可知，Thoreau提倡简单生活，认为现代技术让生活不便利，反而控制了我们。由此推知，Thoreau认为在科技驱动的世界中简单生活是可能的，并且付诸实践。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Turned off by the constant busyness of this time, Thoreau withdrew from city life to live alone in the woods. He brought with him only the necessities of life and wrote about this adventure in his book Walden.(Thoreau厌倦了这段时间不断的忙碌，他退出了城市生活，独自一人住在树林里。他只带了生活必需品，并把这次冒险写成了他的书《瓦尔登湖》)”可知，他厌倦了忙碌的工业生活，离开城市去了树林。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“That is to say, we are not the ones controlling technology. Technology is controlling us. Every few minutes, smartphones may distract us with messages. At least half of Americans check their phones several times an hour. Meanwhile, information overload from social media can weaken our concentration and heighten confusion.(也就是说，我们不是控制技术的人。技术正在控制我们。每隔几分钟，智能手机就会被短信分散我们的注意力。至少有一半的美国人一个小时要看好几次手机。与此同时，来自社交媒体的信息过载会削弱我们的注意力，加剧困惑)”可知，这一段在举例说明技术如何控制我们，比如手机不断分散注意力，信息过载。由此推知，本段提到智能手机和社交媒体是为了说明人对工具的依赖。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“When technology causes that much distraction and confusion, it may be healthy to simplify life by reducing technology overuse. Personally, I’ve done so in two ways. First, I use very little data on my phone and keep the apps on it to a minimum. Most time, I only use my phone to call or text. Second, I quit most social media. Sure, those two things aren’t as extreme as Thoreau withdrawing into the woods. Nevertheless, they’re realistic moves I can make toward living a more meaningful life.(当科技造成如此多的分心和混乱时，通过减少过度使用科技来简化生活可能是健康的。就我个人而言，我以两种方式做到这一点。首先，我在手机上使用很少的数据，并尽量减少手机上的应用程序。大多数时候，我只用手机打电话或发短信。其次，我退出了大多数社交媒体。当然，这两件事并不像梭罗躲进树林那样极端。然而，这些都是我可以朝着更有意义的生活迈出的现实的一步)”可知，作者认为他简化生活的方式是健康的，是有意义的。由此推知，作者认为他简化生活的方法令人满意。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $