专题14 定语从句（拔高专练）2027年高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）

专题14 定语从句 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·强化演练 2 拔高·模拟预测 3 真题·命题感知 1.（2024·新高考II卷·高考真题）Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, 56 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. 解题方法 （1）找准先行词，判断指人还是指物 ①指人：作主语用who/that，作宾语用whom/that，作定语用whose； ②指物：作主语/宾语用which/that，作定语用whose； ③先行词是整个句子：用which（非限制性定语从句）。 2. 分析从句句子结构：缺少主语/宾语用关系代词（who/whom/which/that）；缺少状语用关系副词（when/where/why）；缺少定语用whose。 3. 只用that的情况：先行词被all/every/no/the only/the same/最高级/序数词修饰，或先行词既有人又有物。 2.（2024·新高考I卷·高考真题）The Silk Road was a route brought plants from their native habitat in Asia to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 3.（2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 70 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors. 4.（2026·全国I卷·高考真题）Stalls line up in front of stands serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. Before heading home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables. 5.（2026·江苏南京·二模）Ancient Chinese architecture, such as Hongcun, integrates water systems 8 reflect the anatomy of an ox, displaying the human-nature balance. 进阶·强化演练 考点01 关系代词who/whom/that指人 1.（2026·北京海淀·一模）The paintings were created by patients have been hospitalized for a long time. 2.（2026·天津·和平区二模）The professor, has written many books on environmental science, will give a lecture tomorrow. 3.（2026·上海·徐汇二模）The doctor to you spoke yesterday is an expert in heart surgery. 4.（2026·广东广州·一模）The young man we met at the conference is a renowned software engineer. 考点02 关系代词which/that指物 5.（2026·浙江杭州·质检）The design, was inspired by traditional Chinese painting, has won several international awards. 6.（2026·四川成都·二诊）This is the best film I have ever seen this year. 7.（2026·山东济南·模拟）The book you lent me last week is really fascinating. 8.（2026·湖北武汉·调研）Experts suggest that the best gift parents can give their children is quality time. 9.（2026·湖南长沙·一模）All glitters is not gold. 考点03 关系副词when/where/why 10.（2026·福建福州·质检）I still remember the day I first arrived in Beijing. 11.（2026·辽宁沈阳·模拟）This is the village my grandmother was born and raised. 12.（2026·安徽合肥·一模）The reason he was late for the meeting was that he missed the bus. 13.（2026·河南郑州·二模）They have reached a point they must make a final decision. 14.（2026·江西南昌·调研）We are living in an age technology develops rapidly. 考点04 关系代词whose 15.（2026·北京朝阳·二模）There I met many local people, culture and traditions have been well preserved. 16.（2026·重庆·一中月考）The project, aim is to help rural students, has received wide support. 17.（2026·广东深圳·二模）I grew up in a small town, name comes from an ancient legend. 考点05 介词+关系代词及非限制性定语从句 18.（2026·江苏苏州·模拟）She launched a community, out grew a movement for environmental protection. 19.（2026·陕西西安·质检）The durability of wooden buildings has stood the test of time, of the Forbidden City is a good example. 20.（2026·云南昆明·模拟）He passed the driving test, made his parents very proud. 考点06 语篇中的定语从句综合运用 Passage 1 【新情境·大熊猫保护】（2026·四川成都·二诊）The giant panda is a national treasure of China, 1 live mainly in the bamboo forests of Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu provinces. The Chinese government has established more than 60 reserves, 2 provide protected habitats for these beloved animals. Scientists, 3 research has greatly helped conservation efforts, say the panda population is slowly recovering. The day 4 pandas were removed from the endangered list was celebrated worldwide. 1．which 2．which 3．whose 4．when 1．考查定语从句。句意：大熊猫是中国的国宝，主要生活在四川、陕西和甘肃的竹林中。先行词panda指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用which。 2．考查定语从句。句意：中国政府建立了60多个保护区，为这些可爱的动物提供了受保护的栖息地。先行词reserves指物，在从句中作主语，用which。 3．考查定语从句。句意：科学家的研究极大地帮助了保护工作。先行词scientists与research之间为所属关系，用whose。 4．考查定语从句。句意：大熊猫被从濒危物种名单中移除的那一天受到了全世界的庆祝。先行词day在从句中作时间状语，用when。 拔高·模拟预测 一、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese Landscape Painting For thousands of years landscape paintings, or Shan Shui Hua, have been a major part of Chinese art. Chinese artists don’t usually paint real places ____36____ imaginary, idealized landscapes. In China, mountains ____37____ (associate) with religion because they reach up towards the heavens. People therefore believe that looking at paintings of mountains is good for the soul. Landscape paintings are seen as an ____38____ (extend) of calligraphy. The colors are restrained and the paintings are usually created in ink on paper, with a small amount of watercolor. They are mounted (装裱) on silk ____39____ different formats such as handscrolls, album leaves and fan paintings. By the late Tang Dynasty, landscape painting had evolved into an independent genre. The genre of such an art form was taken to extreme ____40____ (height), with painters expressing their desire to be at one with nature. There have been long-held arguments over ____41____ landscape painting in China was the first one to bring this art form to life, but many art critics do believe in The Nymph of the Luo River to be the first of its kind. The painting has stood as symbols of man’s ____42____ (hide) desire to be united with nature. Images of nature ____43____ (remain) a source of inspiration for artists down to the present day. Chinese ____44____ (art) expression is deeply imprinted with images of the natural world. The paintings are also a true portrayal of their artists’ inner feelings and thoughts as well as struggles. ____45____ (view) Chinese landscape paintings, we should never stop appreciating and understanding the extraordinary beauty of Chinese landscape art. 二、完形填空 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My father kept his lists orderly. He used to fill his little notebooks with books he’d read, groceries he needed and tasks to ____41____. To others, they might have seemed ____42____, but to him, they were a lifeline to order and meaning. Even now, years after his passing, those pages ____43____ me how a simple habit can ____44____ an amazing life. Dad grew up in the town of Lowell, Massachusetts, the son of a leather factory worker. He could have ____45____ himself to that life, but he chose a different path — one built on lists, discipline, and burning ____46____ for knowledge. His notebooks weren’t just ____47____; they were blueprints for a better future. He studied physics, ____48____ early computers, and lifted his family into the middle class. However, he never forgot why he started, and always remembers his ____49____. In his final days, as cancer ____50____ his strength, he left behind one last list — a bittersweet catalogue of memories from 1930s Lowell. Reading it, I ____51____ his true gift wasn’t just in his accomplishments, but in the quiet ____52____ the practice. He taught me that reinvention is ____53____, that curiosity is a superpower, and that even an ordinary life, lived with purpose, can leave an extraordinary ____54____. Now, when I feel lost, I think of Dad in his reading chair, notebook in hand, proving that the smallest habits — like making a list — can ____55____ a life worth remembering. 41. A. preview B. change C. complete D. display 42. A. boring B. important C. rewarding D. difficult 43. A. warn B. remind C. inform D. confuse 44. A. direct B. design C. promote D. shape 45. A. abandoned B. connected C. helped D. resigned 46. A. passion B. courage C. emotion D. spirit 47. A. promises B. comments C. records D. choices 48. A. accepted B. mastered C. prepared D. failed 49. A. story B. service C. mission D. mystery 50. A. maintained B. missed C. witnessed D. stole 51. A. realized B. recognized C. remembered D. regretted 52. A. adjusting to B. sticking to C. giving up D. making up 53. A. funny B. simple C. possible D. acceptable 54. A. sight B. secret C. praise D. mark 55. A. build B. save C. change D. risk 三、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Passage 3 C We take our speech abilities for granted. Most people do not stop to think of how other animals and insects communicate with each other. Ants are amazing creatures that have a tireless work pattern and complex social structure. To achieve this, they must have some ways of communicating with each other. Obviously, ants do not speak as we do, so how do they communicate? Ants communicate by releasing pheromones (信息素) that function outside of the body to send chemical messages to the ant that receives it and by touching their antennae (触角) to feel and smell each other. The best example that we can see very clearly is that ants find food sources and drop pheromones on their ways. By using their antennae to detect pheromone trails and following a sweeping pattern, they encounter a trail. Once the pheromone trail is found, they follow it with one antenna on either side of the path, ensuring they keep on track. This allows other ants to follow the pheromones. The result of these pheromone paths is long lines of ants, marching one behind each other to collect food. The queen ant uses pheromones to signal. As the queen ages, she gives off pheromones that tell the ant colony that she is dying. They begin feeding and preparing a pupa (蛹) to be the new queen. When ants greet each other with their antennae, they can tell if they are friends or foes and what function each ant fulfills in the nest. Scientists know that this is possible, but they are still trying to identify which pheromones share this information. Ants also give off pheromones that identify the nest they belong to, their social status, and their maturity. The more researchers study ants, the more they discover about their ability to translate information to one another, learn, form collective memories and sound alarms. Ants are truly amazing communicators. 8. How could ants communicate according to the text? A. By attracting companions via sounds. B. By sending alarm signals to the queen. C. By identifying pheromones with antennae. D. By keeping on the same track. 9. What is the function of the pheromone trail? A. To spot enemies in the ant colony. B. To help companions find food sources. C. To keep the orders of the ant community. D. To enable ants to communicate with humans. 10. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Ants have no collective memories. B. Ants’ alarm-sounding ability is unique. C. Researchers have identified the types of pheromones. D. More secrets on ants’ communication remain unknown. 11. Which can be the best title for the text? A. The Insight into Ants’ Communication. B. The Secret of Touching Antennae. C. The Research on Ants’ Memories. D. The Amazing World of Ants. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题14 定语从句 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·强化演练 2 拔高·模拟预测 6 真题·命题感知 1.（2024·新高考II卷·高考真题）Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, 56 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：纪念汤显祖的中国文化元素——汤显祖被称为“亚洲的莎士比亚”——为威廉·莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福镇增添了国际特色。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Tang Xianzu指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。故填who。 解题方法 （1）找准先行词，判断指人还是指物 ①指人：作主语用who/that，作宾语用whom/that，作定语用whose； ②指物：作主语/宾语用which/that，作定语用whose； ③先行词是整个句子：用which（非限制性定语从句）。 2. 分析从句句子结构：缺少主语/宾语用关系代词（who/whom/which/that）；缺少状语用关系副词（when/where/why）；缺少定语用whose。 3. 只用that的情况：先行词被all/every/no/the only/the same/最高级/序数词修饰，或先行词既有人又有物。 2.（2024·新高考I卷·高考真题）The Silk Road was a route brought plants from their native habitat in Asia to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：丝绸之路是一条将植物从亚洲原产地带到英国的路线，这些植物在很大程度上丰富了英国的园艺。空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词route指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 3.（2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 70 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：黄石公园曾是美国最大的国家公园——220万英亩——直到阿拉斯加州南部的朗格尔-圣埃利亚斯国家公园于1978年成为国家纪念地，才取代了这一地位。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Wrangell-Saint Elias指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 4.（2026·全国I卷·高考真题）Stalls line up in front of stands serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. Before heading home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：摊位排在供应热腾腾饺子和热汤面的摊位前。空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词stands指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 5.（2026·江苏南京·二模）Ancient Chinese architecture, such as Hongcun, integrates water systems 8 reflect the anatomy of an ox, displaying the human-nature balance. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：例如宏村这样的中国古代建筑，融入契合牛躯体轮廓的水系，展现人与自然的平衡。空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词water systems指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 进阶·强化演练 考点01 关系代词who/whom/that指人 1.（2026·北京海淀·一模）The paintings were created by patients have been hospitalized for a long time. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这些画是由长期住院的病人创作的。先行词patients指人，在从句中作主语，用who或that。故填who/that。 2.（2026·天津·和平区二模）The professor, has written many books on environmental science, will give a lecture tomorrow. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位写了许多环境科学书籍的教授明天将做讲座。先行词professor指人，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用who。故填who。 3.（2026·上海·徐汇二模）The doctor to you spoke yesterday is an expert in heart surgery. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你昨天和他说话的那位医生是心脏外科专家。先行词doctor指人，介词to后作宾语，用whom。故填whom。 4.（2026·广东广州·一模）The young man we met at the conference is a renowned software engineer. 【答案】who/whom/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们在会议上遇到的那个年轻人是一位著名的软件工程师。先行词man指人，在从句中作met的宾语，用who/whom/that或省略。故填who/whom/that。 考点02 关系代词which/that指物 5.（2026·浙江杭州·质检）The design, was inspired by traditional Chinese painting, has won several international awards. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这个设计灵感来自中国传统绘画，获得了多项国际奖项。先行词design指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用which。故填which。 6.（2026·四川成都·二诊）This is the best film I have ever seen this year. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是我今年看过的最好的电影。先行词film被最高级best修饰，在限制性定语从句中作宾语，只能用that。故填that。 7.（2026·山东济南·模拟）The book you lent me last week is really fascinating. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你上周借给我的那本书真的很吸引人。先行词book指物，在从句中作lent的宾语，用that/which或省略。故填that/which。 8.（2026·湖北武汉·调研）Experts suggest that the best gift parents can give their children is quality time. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：专家建议父母能给孩子最好的礼物是高质量的陪伴。先行词gift被最高级best修饰，在从句中作give的宾语，只能用that。故填that。 9.（2026·湖南长沙·一模）All glitters is not gold. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：发光的并不都是金子。先行词为不定代词all，在限制性定语从句中作主语，只能用that。故填that。 考点03 关系副词when/where/why 10.（2026·福建福州·质检）I still remember the day I first arrived in Beijing. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得我第一次到达北京的那一天。先行词day在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。故填when。 11.（2026·辽宁沈阳·模拟）This is the village my grandmother was born and raised. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我祖母出生和长大的村庄。先行词village在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 12.（2026·安徽合肥·一模）The reason he was late for the meeting was that he missed the bus. 【答案】why 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他开会迟到的原因是他错过了公交车。先行词reason在从句中作原因状语，用关系副词why。故填why。 13.（2026·河南郑州·二模）They have reached a point they must make a final decision. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们已经到了必须做出最终决定的地步。先行词point为抽象地点名词，在从句中作地点状语，用where。故填where。 14.（2026·江西南昌·调研）We are living in an age technology develops rapidly. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个技术快速发展的时代。先行词age在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。故填when。 考点04 关系代词whose 15.（2026·北京朝阳·二模）There I met many local people, culture and traditions have been well preserved. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在那里我遇到了许多当地人，他们的文化和传统保存完好。先行词people与culture之间为所属关系，用关系代词whose作定语。故填whose。 16.（2026·重庆·一中月考）The project, aim is to help rural students, has received wide support. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这个项目旨在帮助农村学生，已获得广泛支持。先行词project与aim之间为所属关系，用whose。故填whose。 17.（2026·广东深圳·二模）I grew up in a small town, name comes from an ancient legend. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我在一个小镇长大，小镇的名字来源于一个古老的传说。先行词town与name之间为所属关系，用whose。故填whose。 考点05 介词+关系代词及非限制性定语从句 18.（2026·江苏苏州·模拟）She launched a community, out grew a movement for environmental protection. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她创办了一个社区，由此发展成了一场环保运动。先行词community指物，介词out后用which。故填which。 19.（2026·陕西西安·质检）The durability of wooden buildings has stood the test of time, of the Forbidden City is a good example. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：木制建筑的耐久性经受住了时间的考验，紫禁城就是一个很好的例子。先行词buildings指物，介词of后用which。故填which。 20.（2026·云南昆明·模拟）He passed the driving test, made his parents very proud. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他通过了驾驶考试，这让他的父母非常自豪。先行词为前面整个句子，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用which。故填which。 考点06 语篇中的定语从句综合运用 Passage 1 【新情境·大熊猫保护】（2026·四川成都·二诊）The giant panda is a national treasure of China, 1 live mainly in the bamboo forests of Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu provinces. The Chinese government has established more than 60 reserves, 2 provide protected habitats for these beloved animals. Scientists, 3 research has greatly helped conservation efforts, say the panda population is slowly recovering. The day 4 pandas were removed from the endangered list was celebrated worldwide. 【答案】 1．which 2．which 3．whose 4．when 【导语】文章介绍了大熊猫的保护状况及其在中国的文化意义。 【解析】 1．考查定语从句。句意：大熊猫是中国的国宝，主要生活在四川、陕西和甘肃的竹林中。先行词panda指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用which。 2．考查定语从句。句意：中国政府建立了60多个保护区，为这些可爱的动物提供了受保护的栖息地。先行词reserves指物，在从句中作主语，用which。 3．考查定语从句。句意：科学家的研究极大地帮助了保护工作。先行词scientists与research之间为所属关系，用whose。 4．考查定语从句。句意：大熊猫被从濒危物种名单中移除的那一天受到了全世界的庆祝。先行词day在从句中作时间状语，用when。 拔高·模拟预测 一、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese Landscape Painting For thousands of years landscape paintings, or Shan Shui Hua, have been a major part of Chinese art. Chinese artists don’t usually paint real places ____36____ imaginary, idealized landscapes. In China, mountains ____37____ (associate) with religion because they reach up towards the heavens. People therefore believe that looking at paintings of mountains is good for the soul. Landscape paintings are seen as an ____38____ (extend) of calligraphy. The colors are restrained and the paintings are usually created in ink on paper, with a small amount of watercolor. They are mounted (装裱) on silk ____39____ different formats such as handscrolls, album leaves and fan paintings. By the late Tang Dynasty, landscape painting had evolved into an independent genre. The genre of such an art form was taken to extreme ____40____ (height), with painters expressing their desire to be at one with nature. There have been long-held arguments over ____41____ landscape painting in China was the first one to bring this art form to life, but many art critics do believe in The Nymph of the Luo River to be the first of its kind. The painting has stood as symbols of man’s ____42____ (hide) desire to be united with nature. Images of nature ____43____ (remain) a source of inspiration for artists down to the present day. Chinese ____44____ (art) expression is deeply imprinted with images of the natural world. The paintings are also a true portrayal of their artists’ inner feelings and thoughts as well as struggles. ____45____ (view) Chinese landscape paintings, we should never stop appreciating and understanding the extraordinary beauty of Chinese landscape art. 【答案】36. but 37. are associated 38. extension 39. in 40. heights 41. which 42. hidden 43. have remained 44. artistic 45. Viewing 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国山水画的历史、特点及其艺术价值。 【36题详解】 考查连词。句意：中国艺术家通常不画真实的地方，而是画想象中的理想化风景。根据句意可知，此处表示“不是……而是……”，应用not...but...，故填but。 【37题详解】 考查动词时态及语态。句意：在中国，山脉与宗教相关联，因为它们直指天空。主语“mountains”与“associate”之间是被动关系，且陈述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are associated。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：山水画被视为书法的延伸。冠词“an”后需接名词单数extension，作宾语，故填extension。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：它们被装裱在丝绸上，以不同的形式呈现，如手卷、册页和扇面画。表示“以……形式”用介词in，故填in。 【40题详解】 考查名词单复数。句意：这种艺术形式的风格被推向了极致的高度，画家们表达出他们与自然合一的愿望。此处应用名词作宾语，前面无冠词，此处应用名词的复数形式heights，表示泛指，故填heights。 【41题详解】 考查连词。句意：关于中国山水画哪个是第一个赋予这种艺术形式生命的争论一直存在，但许多艺术评论家确实相信《洛神赋图》是此类作品中的第一幅。此处引导宾语从句，表示“哪幅画”，应用which引导宾语从句，故填which。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这幅画象征着人类与自然合一的隐秘愿望。修饰名词desire需用形容词hidden，作定语，表示“隐藏的”，故填hidden。 【43题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：自然图像至今仍是艺术家的灵感来源。时间状语“down to the present day”强调从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词应用have，故填have remained。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：中国的艺术表达深深烙印着自然世界的图像。修饰名词expression需用形容词artistic，作定语，表示“艺术的”，故填artistic。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：欣赏中国山水画时，我们永远不应停止欣赏和理解其非凡之美。句中有谓语，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，主语“we”与“view”是主动关系，用现在分词形式，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Viewing。 二、完形填空 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My father kept his lists orderly. He used to fill his little notebooks with books he’d read, groceries he needed and tasks to ____41____. To others, they might have seemed ____42____, but to him, they were a lifeline to order and meaning. Even now, years after his passing, those pages ____43____ me how a simple habit can ____44____ an amazing life. Dad grew up in the town of Lowell, Massachusetts, the son of a leather factory worker. He could have ____45____ himself to that life, but he chose a different path — one built on lists, discipline, and burning ____46____ for knowledge. His notebooks weren’t just ____47____; they were blueprints for a better future. He studied physics, ____48____ early computers, and lifted his family into the middle class. However, he never forgot why he started, and always remembers his ____49____. In his final days, as cancer ____50____ his strength, he left behind one last list — a bittersweet catalogue of memories from 1930s Lowell. Reading it, I ____51____ his true gift wasn’t just in his accomplishments, but in the quiet ____52____ the practice. He taught me that reinvention is ____53____, that curiosity is a superpower, and that even an ordinary life, lived with purpose, can leave an extraordinary ____54____. Now, when I feel lost, I think of Dad in his reading chair, notebook in hand, proving that the smallest habits — like making a list — can ____55____ a life worth remembering. 41. A. preview B. change C. complete D. display 42. A. boring B. important C. rewarding D. difficult 43. A. warn B. remind C. inform D. confuse 44. A. direct B. design C. promote D. shape 45. A. abandoned B. connected C. helped D. resigned 46. A. passion B. courage C. emotion D. spirit 47. A. promises B. comments C. records D. choices 48. A. accepted B. mastered C. prepared D. failed 49. A. story B. service C. mission D. mystery 50. A. maintained B. missed C. witnessed D. stole 51. A. realized B. recognized C. remembered D. regretted 52. A. adjusting to B. sticking to C. giving up D. making up 53. A. funny B. simple C. possible D. acceptable 54. A. sight B. secret C. praise D. mark 55. A. build B. save C. change D. risk 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. D 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. C 50. D 51. A 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者父亲通过列清单的习惯塑造了精彩人生，并给作者留下深刻启示。 【41题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他过去常常在他的小笔记本上写满他读过的书、他需要的杂货以及要完成的任务。A. preview预览；B. change改变；C. complete完成；D. display展示。根据前文“He used to fill his little notebooks with books he’d read, groceries he needed and tasks to”可知，此处表示要完成的任务。故选C。 【42题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对其他人来说，它们可能看起来很无聊，但对他来说，它们是通往秩序和意义的生命线。A. boring无聊的；B. important重要的；C. rewarding值得的；D. difficult困难的。根据后文“but to him, they were a lifeline to order and meaning”可知，but表示转折，说明对其他人来说，这些清单可能看起来很无聊，虽然对他来说，它们是通往秩序和意义的生命线。故选A。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：甚至现在，在他去世多年后，那些页面仍然提醒着我，一个简单的习惯如何能塑造一个精彩的人生。A. warn警告；B. remind提醒；C. inform通知；D. confuse使困惑。根据后文“me how a simple habit can 4 an amazing life.”可知，指笔记本让作者想起父亲的习惯，即那些页面仍然提醒着作者，一个简单的习惯如何能塑造一个精彩的人生。故选B。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. direct指导；B. design设计；C. promote促进；D. shape塑造。根据后文“an amazing life”可知，此处表示塑造一个精彩的人生，shape a life表示“塑造人生”，指习惯对人生的影响。故选D。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他本可以安于那种生活，但他选择了一条不同的道路——一条建立在清单、纪律和对知识的强烈渴望之上的道路。A. abandoned抛弃；B. connected连接；C. helped帮助；D. resigned辞职，安于。根据后文“himself to that life, but he chose a different path — one built on lists, discipline, and burning 6 for knowledge.”可知，此处表示父亲不愿安于现状，resign oneself to表示“安于，顺从”，故选D。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. passion激情，渴望；B. courage勇气；C. emotion情感；D. spirit精神。根据后文“for knowledge”可知，此处表示父亲对知识的强烈渴望，故选A。 【47题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的笔记本不仅仅是记录；它们是通往更美好未来的蓝图。A. promises承诺；B. comments评论；C. records记录；D. choices选择。根据前文“He used to fill his little notebooks with books he’d read, groceries he needed and tasks to”、“His notebooks weren’t just”和后文“they were blueprints for a better future”可知，前文提到笔记本记录读书、购物、任务等，故此处指“记录”，故选C。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他学习物理，精通早期计算机，并将他的家庭提升到了中产阶级。A. accepted接受；B. mastered精通；C. prepared准备；D. failed失败。根据后文“early computers, and lifted his family into the middle class”可知，父亲通过努力获得成功，mastered early computers符合其积极进取的形象，故选B。 【49题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他从未忘记自己为何开始，并始终牢记自己的使命。A. story故事；B. service服务；C. mission使命；D. mystery秘密。根据前文“he never forgot why he started”可知，此处表示父亲始终牢记自己的使命，故选C。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他生命的最后几天，当癌症夺走他的力量时，他留下了一份最后的清单——一份20世纪30年代洛厄尔记忆的苦乐参半的目录。A. maintained维持；B. missed错过；C. witnessed目击；D. stole偷走，夺走。根据前文“In his final days, as cancer”可知，此处表示癌症夺走他的力量，故选D。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：读着它，我意识到他真正的天赋不仅在于他的成就，还在于对这一习惯的默默坚持。A. realized意识到；B. recognized认出；C. remembered记得；D. regretted后悔。根据后文“his true gift wasn’t just in his accomplishments”可知，此处表示作者意识到父亲真正的天赋，故选A。 【52题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. adjusting to适应；B. sticking to坚持；C. giving up放弃；D. making up编造。根据前文“My father kept his lists orderly.”和后文“the practice”可知，此处表示父亲坚持列清单的习惯，故选B。 【53题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他教会我，重塑自我是有可能的，好奇心是一种超能力，即使是一个平凡的生活，只要有目标地度过，也能留下非凡的印记。A. funny有趣的；B. simple简单的；C. possible可能的；D. acceptable可接受的。根据前文“lifted his family into the middle class”和后文“that curiosity is a superpower”可知，父亲从工人之子进入中产阶级，证明“重塑人生是可能的”，好奇心是一种超能力，故选C。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. sight视力；B. secret秘密；C. praise赞扬；D. mark印记。根据前文“curiosity is a superpower, and that even an ordinary life, lived with purpose, can leave an extraordinary”可知，此处表示留下非凡印记，leave a mark表示“留下印记”，指人生的影响。故选D。 【55题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，当我感到迷茫时，我会想起父亲坐在他的阅读椅上，手里拿着笔记本，这证明了一个最小的习惯——比如列清单——可以构建一个值得铭记的人生。A. build构建；B. save拯救；C. change改变；D. risk冒险。根据后文“a life worth remembering”可知，此处表示构建一个值得铭记的人生，故选A。 三、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Passage 3 C We take our speech abilities for granted. Most people do not stop to think of how other animals and insects communicate with each other. Ants are amazing creatures that have a tireless work pattern and complex social structure. To achieve this, they must have some ways of communicating with each other. Obviously, ants do not speak as we do, so how do they communicate? Ants communicate by releasing pheromones (信息素) that function outside of the body to send chemical messages to the ant that receives it and by touching their antennae (触角) to feel and smell each other. The best example that we can see very clearly is that ants find food sources and drop pheromones on their ways. By using their antennae to detect pheromone trails and following a sweeping pattern, they encounter a trail. Once the pheromone trail is found, they follow it with one antenna on either side of the path, ensuring they keep on track. This allows other ants to follow the pheromones. The result of these pheromone paths is long lines of ants, marching one behind each other to collect food. The queen ant uses pheromones to signal. As the queen ages, she gives off pheromones that tell the ant colony that she is dying. They begin feeding and preparing a pupa (蛹) to be the new queen. When ants greet each other with their antennae, they can tell if they are friends or foes and what function each ant fulfills in the nest. Scientists know that this is possible, but they are still trying to identify which pheromones share this information. Ants also give off pheromones that identify the nest they belong to, their social status, and their maturity. The more researchers study ants, the more they discover about their ability to translate information to one another, learn, form collective memories and sound alarms. Ants are truly amazing communicators. 8. How could ants communicate according to the text? A. By attracting companions via sounds. B. By sending alarm signals to the queen. C. By identifying pheromones with antennae. D. By keeping on the same track. 9. What is the function of the pheromone trail? A. To spot enemies in the ant colony. B. To help companions find food sources. C. To keep the orders of the ant community. D. To enable ants to communicate with humans. 10. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Ants have no collective memories. B. Ants’ alarm-sounding ability is unique. C. Researchers have identified the types of pheromones. D. More secrets on ants’ communication remain unknown. 11. Which can be the best title for the text? A. The Insight into Ants’ Communication. B. The Secret of Touching Antennae. C. The Research on Ants’ Memories. D. The Amazing World of Ants. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了蚂蚁如何通过释放信息素和使用触角进行交流，以及科学家对此的研究。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Ants communicate by releasing pheromones (信息素) that function outside of the body to send chemical messages to the ant that receives it and by touching their antennae (触角) to feel and smell each other.(蚂蚁通过释放体外起作用的信息素来向接收信息的蚂蚁发送化学信息，并通过触摸它们的触角来感觉和闻对方的味道进行交流。)”可知，蚂蚁通过触角识别信息素来交流。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The result of these pheromone paths is long lines of ants, marching one behind each other to collect food.(这些信息素路径的结果是长长的蚂蚁队伍，它们一个接一个地行进去收集食物。)”可知，信息素轨迹的功能是帮助同伴找到食物来源。故选B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The more researchers study ants, the more they discover about their ability to translate information to one another, learn, form collective memories and sound alarms. Ants are truly amazing communicators.(研究人员对蚂蚁的研究越多，他们就越能发现蚂蚁相互传递信息、学习、形成集体记忆和发出警报的能力。蚂蚁真是令人惊叹的交流者。)”可推知，蚂蚁交流的更多秘密仍然未知。故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了蚂蚁如何通过释放信息素和使用触角进行交流，以及科学家对此的研究，所以选项A“对蚂蚁交流的洞察”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $