第02讲 Unit1 Grammar讲解及练习2026-2027学年译林版八年级英语上册

第02讲 Unit1 Friendship (Grammar-Comparative and superlative adjectives) 语法精讲（形容词比较级和最高级） 定义：当我们将两个对象进行比较时，我们要用形容词的比较级，表示“较……”“更……一些”“比……更……”。 当被比较的对象是三个或三个以上时，我们会用形容词的最高级，表示“最……”，最高级前通常要加定冠词the。 形容词比较级和最高级的构成方法： 规则 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和部分双音节词 大多数词后加er或est great near young greater _________ younger greatest _________ youngest 以字母e结尾的词后加r或st large late larger __________ largest _________ 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加er或est hot thin __________ thinner _________ thinnest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，去掉y，再加ier或iest early busy earlier _________ earliest _________ 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词的前面加more或most beautiful careful more beautiful more careful most beautiful most careful 常见的形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化： 原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 good __________ __________ many __________ __________ well（健康的） __________ __________ much more most bad __________ __________ little __________ __________ 注意：有些形容词有两种比较级和最高级的变化方式。如： clever → cleverer / more clever → cleverest / most clever far → farther / further → farthest / furthest 【巩固练习】 写出下列单词的比较级和最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 long well large hard hot far early late many funny old much brave dirty dangerous polite often quick · 形容词比较级常见用法： 1. 通常情况下，我们用“比较级+than”来引出比较的第二部分。 This picture is more beautiful than that one. 2. 我们常用“which / who ...+比较级，...or...?”的句型来表示在两者中选择。 Which picture is more beautiful, this one or that one? 3. 我们可在比较级前加上a little，much，even等词来表示程度。 China is much larger than Japan. 4. 我们用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构来表示人或事物本身程度的改变。 China is becoming stronger and stronger. · 形容词最高级常见用法： 1. 我们用“the+最高级+比较范围”的结构来表示在某一范围内“最……”。介词of 和among后面接表示范围的人或物，in后面接表示范围的名词或名词性短语。 I am the tallest of / among the tree. Russia is the largest country in the world by area. 2. 我们用“形容词性物主代词+最高级”的结构来表示某人或事物的“最……”。 Peter is his oldest son. 3. 我们可以用序数词修饰形容词的最高级。 In the USA, the second largest city is Los Angeles. 第02讲 Unit1 Friendship (Word power-The suffixes -ful and -less) 定义：我们可以在一些名词上加上后缀-ful或-less来构成形容词。 后缀-ful的意思是“充满”，后缀-less的意思是“没有”。 名词 形容词（带-ful） 形容词（带-less） care careful _________ careless _________ hope hopeful hopeless use useful useless harm harmful __________ harmless _________ home ------------ homeless color colorful colorless taste tasteful _________ tasteless _________ meaning meaningful meaningless fear fearful _________ fearless _________ 【巩固练习】 Yesterday, I went to Sunshine Park with Simon. It was a _________ (wonder) day with a ________ (cloud) blue sky. We played badminton for about an hour. Simon was very _________ (thought) and brought water for me. I’m not very good at badminton. In fact, I’m _________ (hope) at most sports. However, Simon is kind enough to give me many _________ (use) tips. After our game, we walked around the park. We saw people flying kites. There were many __________ (color) kites in the sky. Later, a boy’s balloon got caught in a tree and Simon took it down for him. He’s always _________ (help) like that. I’m so glad he is my friend. 习题精练 一、单项选择 ( )1. The street hasn’t changed much. It is still ________ it used to be. A. as quieter as B. so quiet than C. as quiet as D. as quieter ( )2. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _________ than before. A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest ( )3. China has a much __________ population than __________. A. larger; Russia B. more; Russia C. larger; that of Russia D. more; that of Russia ( )4. Compared with newspapers or TV, the Internet offers people _______ information. A. much B. more C. most D. many ( )5. Mrs Brown works hard every day. She is ___________. A. busier as bee B. as a busy bee as C. as busy as a bee D. as busy a bee as ( )6. He’s my ________ brother and he is 5 years __________ than me. A. elder; older B. older; elder C. old; older D. elder; elder ( )7. The population of India is _________ than that of China. A. fewer B. smaller C. larger D. more ( )8. This book is __________ of all that I have ever read. A. difficult B. more difficult C. the most difficult D. more difficult than ( )9. We have less snowfall here than _________. A. Beijing B. Beijing’s C. in Beijing D. in Beijing’s ( )10. —This T-shirt is a bit expensive for me. —But this is __________ one in our shop, sir. A. cheap B. cheaper C. the cheapest D. the cheap ( )11. —Mike plays the drums so wonderfully! —Of course. He is ________ than any other students in his class. A. talented B. more talented C. less talented D. the most talented ( )12. —Do you like western food? —No. The food of our country is _________ that of western countries. A. rather good than B. much better than C. more better than D. not so good as ( )13. —Sorry, I’m late. Miss Wang. —It doesn’t matter. But you must be _______ next time. A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. most early ( )14. —Which colour do you like _________, blue or green? —Blue. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 二、按照要求完成下面的句子 1. Our school is twice bigger than yours. （改为as ...as结构） Our school is ___________________ yours. 2. Mary is the shortest girl in her class. （改为同义句） _________ is _________ than Mary in her class. 3. than, these apples, in the basket, are, the ones, better（连词成句） __________________________________________ 4. Is it easier to learn English than ________________（学日语）？（完成句子） 5. 我发现跟他谈话是最难的。（译为英语） __________________________________________ 三、根据汉语提示，用适当的词语完成短文 Tom and Jerry were free this Saturday. They went to plant trees by the lake. There were 1 （至少）twenty trees to be planted. Tom dug the hole and Jerry put a young tree into the hole and held it. Then he asked Tom, “Is it straight?” Tom said, “ 2 （差不多）!” They put the soil back to the hole. They planted 3 （多于）ten trees in the morning. It was noon and they didn’t plant trees 4 （不再）. They went back for lunch. In the afternoon, they planted 5 （不多于）six trees. 1. ___________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________ 四、任务型阅读 Have you ever seen capybaras? They were thought to be a kind of pig in the past, but now we know that they are the largest rodents (啮齿动物) on the earth. Guess what? They are new stars on social media now! Seeing them in the wild, you might be surprised at first because they look like giant guinea pigs, which are in fact one of their closest relatives. Capybaras’ bodies are covered in reddish-brown fur. When swimming around, thanks to their small eyes, noses and hairless ears which are high on their heads, they’re able to see the above-water things around them. That’s why they can protect themselves from danger easily. A capybara weighs around 50 kilograms and it can grow to 1.5 meters in length. Female capybaras are usually a little heavier than the males. Most of them live in South America and like to stay in comfortable places with lots of water. Pantanal, the world’s largest freshwater wetland, is a perfect place for them to live. Capybaras usually eat grass. But they sometimes eat their own poop because it is of some help for them to get all the things they need. Capybaras are good swimmers and love to play with water. They usually live in groups of 10 to 20 (and up to 100 during the dry season). They also like chatting with each other very much. They express themselves by making different kinds of sounds, including purring, barking, whistling, cackling and grunting. Each sound has an important meaning, from warning the group of danger to sending signals of leaving. It’s like a capybara language. With good personalities, capybaras have become increasingly popular on social media. They get along with almost all the other animals and share their homes with birds and turtles, just like a big animal family living together peacefully. They are calm and don’t really care about what goes on around them. Other animals can do whatever they feel like if they don’t hurt the capybaras. But if capybaras realize a risk they may attack others to protect themselves. Social media’s new stars Capybaras Introduction · People used to 1 capybaras were a kind of pig, but now we know they are the largest rodents on the earth. 2 · Capybaras don’t look 3 from giant guinea pigs which are their closest relatives. · Covered with reddish-brown fur, the male capybaras are not usually as 4 as the female ones. Living conditions and food · Most of them can be found living comfortably in 5 places in South America. · They live mainly on grass, while eating their own poop is 6 . Abilities · Capybaras are good at 7 , besides chatting. · They communicate in their own way, which is like a capybara language. Personalities · They are friendly, calm, and care 8 about what goes on around them. · They will act to protect themselves when being 9 of a risk. Since Capybaras have good personalities, what can you learn from them? 10 1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________ 6. ____________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________ 10. ___________ 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $