Unit 1 The mass media 教材助读-【优学精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修二同步教参（译林版）

　The mass media 教材原文助读1 ①critical ['krɪtɪkl] adj. 批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的；挑剔的； 极重要的 ②put out 扑灭 ③trap [træp] vt.使落入险境；卡住，绊住 n．陷阱，罗网；圈套；困境，牢笼 be trapped in困在/陷 在……之中 ④release [rɪ'liːs] vt.发布； 释放；松开；发泄 n．释放；发行；排放，泄漏 ⑤ambulance ['æmbjələns] n．救护车 ⑥extend [ɪk'stend] vi.& vt.延伸(距离)；扩大；延长；伸展 ⑦under control 在控制之下 ⑧construction [kən'strʌkʃn] n．建筑，建造；建造物 ⑨break out (战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生 ⑩dozen ['dʌzn] n．许多；(一)打；十来个 dozens of很多，许多 ⑪leave sb. injured使某人受伤 ⑫critical condition临界状态 ⑬minor ['maɪnə(r)] adj.轻微的，次要的 ⑭bath [baːθ] n．洗澡， 洗浴；浴缸，浴盆 ⑮scream [skriːm] vi.& vt. 尖叫；高声喊；发出大而尖的声音n.尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音 ⑯bark [baːk] vi.(狗)吠叫vt.厉声发令n.(狗)吠声；短促响亮的人声；树皮 ⑰choke [tʃəʊk] vt.& vi.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽，(尤指感情激动而)说不出话来 ⑱an awful dream噩梦 ⑲cigarette [ˌsɪɡə'ret] n．香烟；纸烟 ⑳carpet ['kaːpɪt] n. 地毯；覆盖地面的一层厚东西 ㉑automatic [ˌɔːtə'mætɪk] adj.自动的；无意识的，不假思索的 ㉒go off (警报器)突然大作 ㉓investigate [ɪn'vestɪɡeɪt] vt.& vi.侦查，调查；研究 ㉔come about发生(常与how连用) ㉕advisable [əd'vaɪzəbl] adj.明智的 ㉖journalist ['dʒɜːnəlɪst] n．新闻记者，新闻工作者 ㉗priority [praɪ'ɒrəti] n. 优先事项，首要事情； 优先权，重点 ㉘comprehensive [ˌkɒmprɪ'hensɪv] adj.全部的；所有的； 全面的；综合性的 ㉙contradict [ˌkɒntrə'dɪkt] vt.相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥 contradictory adj.相互矛盾的 ㉚in terms of 从……方面来讲；就……而言 ㉛factual ['fæktʃuəl] adj.事实的，真实的 ㉜for instance例如，比如 ㉝differ ['dɪfə(r)] vi. 相异；意见相左 differ in在……方面不同 ㉞conclusion [kən'kluːʒn] n．结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成 rush to the conclusion急于下结论 arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论 ㉟false [fɔːls] adj.错误的，不真实的；非天生的； 假的，伪造的；不真诚的 ㊱bring sth. to light 揭露，披露 ㊲minimum ['mɪnɪməm] n.最小值，最少量adj.最低的，最小的 ㊳sum [sʌm] n．金额， 款项；总和，总数；全部 sum up 总结，概括 ㊴accurate ['ækjərət] adj. 正确无误的；精确的 ㊵committed [kə'mɪtɪd] adj.尽心尽力的　 be committed to 致力于 ㊶discrimination [dɪˌskrɪmɪ'neɪʃn] n．辨别力，识别力；歧视，区别对待 Be a critical① news reader! 10 July Firefighters put out② tower block fire Firefighters quickly put out the Henderson Tower fire last night. [1]The fire, which is thought to have started from the 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors trapped③. [2]Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5, according to figures released④ by emergency services. Fire engines and ambulances⑤， called at 9：30 p．m., reached the scene within 15 minutes. By this time, the fire had extended⑥ to the 15th floor. Firefighters got the situation under control⑦ around 11 p.m. [3]There is concern that the construction⑧ company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules. [1]本句是一个复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，leaving people on the upper floors trapped是现在分词短语作结果状语。 [2]本句是一个复合句。that引导同位语从句，解释说明Fears的具体内容；released by emergency services是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰figures。 [3]本句是there be句型。第一个that引导同位语从句，解释说明concern的具体内容；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the construction company。 11 July Local news Deadly fire in tower block causes serious damage A terrible fire broke out⑨ on Sunday night, leaving the Henderson Tower seriously damaged. Emergency services estimate that the number of deaths could reach 9. By this morning, 4 people have been confirmed dead. The fire has also left dozens⑩ of people injured⑪， 5 of whom are in a critical condition⑫. Lisa Mayer, 29, is among the lucky ones who only suffered minor⑬ injuries. She recalled, “[4]I was about to have a bath⑭ when I heard people screaming⑮ and dogs barking⑯. I looked outside and the smoke was choking⑰ me. It was like an awful dream⑱．” [4]本句使用了“be about to do sth. when...”句型，意为“正要做某事，这时……”。 [5]Mr Peterson, head of the fire service, confirms that a dropped cigarette⑲ end on a carpet⑳ of the 8th floor started the fire and that the automatic㉑ fire alarms did not go off㉒ quickly enough to prevent the disaster. A team is currently investigating㉓ the accident further. [5]本句是一个复合句。head of the fire service是Mr Peterson的同位语；谓语动词confirms后跟了两个由that引导的宾语从句，其中第一个that可省略，但第二个that不可省略。 Reading news reports critically We rely on news to learn about what is happening in the world around us.However, we usually find that reports on the same events contain different or even contradictory information. How do these differences come about㉔？ 　　[6]It is advisable㉕ to remember that journalists㉖ may have different priorities㉗， which would influence how they report an event. Let's take the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire as an example. We can see that the first news report pays more attention to the rescue efforts, while the second talks more about deaths and injuries.When we read more than one report, we come to understand an event in a more comprehensive㉘ way. [6]本句是一个复合句。It是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式“to remember that...”；动词remember后跟that引导的宾语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词priorities。 [7]Even if news reports are written from basically the same perspective, they may contradict㉙ each other in terms of㉚ factual㉛ details, as events in the real world are usually complicated and constantly changing. For instance㉜， the numbers of deaths differ㉝ in the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire. [8]When we come across such factual differences, we should not rush to the conclusion㉞ that one of the news reports gives false㉟ information. Instead, check when the reports were written. News reports written at different stages of an event could contain different information as new facts are brought to light㊱. Another aspect worthy of mention is that journalists may approach information they get from research or interviews differently. Suppose emergency services' estimates of the number of deaths vary between 5 and 9. Journalists may choose to present the minimum㊲， the maximum or something in between in their news reports. Therefore, checking different sources enables us to draw a more informed conclusion. [7]本句是一个复合句。句中Even if引导让步状语从句；as引导原因状语从句。 [8]本句是一个复合句。句中When引导时间状语从句；that引导同位语从句，解释说明conclusion的具体内容。 [9]To sum㊳ up, it is wise to read news reports written from various perspectives and at different stages, which brings us a more accurate㊴ understanding of a situation. We also need to be critical about the information we receive and remember not to blindly trust what we have read. Though journalists are committed㊵ to presenting the truth, it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports. With great discrimination㊶， every one of us has the potential to be a critical news reader. [9]本句使用了“It is＋adj.＋to do sth.”结构；which引导非限制性定语从句。 做一个批判性的 新闻读者！ 7月10日 消防队员扑灭了大厦的大火 消防队员昨晚迅速扑灭了亨德森大厦的大火。周日晚上的这场大火被认为是从8楼开始的，迅速蔓延到整座大厦，导致高层的人们被困。根据紧急服务部门公布的数据，人们越来越担心死亡人数可能达到5人。消防车和救护车在晚上9：30被呼叫，15分钟内抵达现场。截至此时，火势已蔓延至15楼。消防队员在晚上11点左右控制住了局面。有人担心，建造大楼的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规定。 7月11日　 当地新闻 大厦发生致命火灾，造成严重破坏 周日晚上发生了一场可怕的火灾，导致亨德森大厦严重受损。紧急服务部门估计，死亡人数可能达到9人。到今天上午，已经确认有4人死亡。火灾还造成许多人受伤，其中5人处于危急状态。29岁的丽莎·梅耶是仅受轻伤的幸运儿之一。她回忆道，“我正要洗澡，这时听到人们尖叫和狗吠。我看了看外面，烟呛得我喘不过气来。这就像一场噩梦。” 消防部门负责人彼得森证实，8楼地毯上一个掉落的烟头引发了火灾，火灾自动报警器没有迅速发出警报来防止灾难发生。一组人员目前正在对事故做进一步调查。 批判性阅读新闻报道 我们依靠新闻来了解我们周围世界正在发生的事情。然而，我们通常会发现，关于同一事件的报道包含着不同甚至相互矛盾的信息。这些差异是如何产生的呢？ 最好记住，记者可能有不同的侧重点，这会影响他们对事件的报道。让我们以亨德森大厦火灾的两个新闻报道为例。我们可以看到，第一篇新闻报道更多地关注救援工作，而第二篇则更多地谈论死伤情况。当我们看到一份以上的报道时，我们会更全面地了解一个事件。 　　即使新闻报道从基本相同的角度撰写，它们也可能在事实细节方面相互矛盾，因为现实世界中的事件通常是复杂的、不断变化的。例如，在亨德森大厦火灾的两个新闻报道中的死亡人数不同。当我们发现这些事实的差异时，我们不应该急于下结论说其中一篇新闻报道提供了虚假信息。相反，我们应该检查报道是什么时候写的。随着新的事实不断被披露，在同一事件的不同阶段撰写的新闻报道可能包含不同的信息。另一个值得一提的方面是，记者可能会以不同的方式处理他们从研究或采访中获得的信息。假设紧急服务部门对死亡人数的估计在5到9之间变化。记者可以选择在他们的新闻报道中呈现最小值、最大值或介于两者之间的某个值。因此，检查不同的来源能使我们得出更明智的结论。 综上所述，从不同角度、不同阶段阅读新闻报道是明智的，这能使我们更准确地了解一种情况。我们还需要对我们收到的信息持批判态度，记住不要盲目相信我们读到的东西。尽管记者们致力于呈现真相，我们最好还是运用自己的判断力，而非完全依赖新闻报道。拥有优秀的识别力，我们每个人都有潜力成为一个批判性的新闻读者。 教材原文助读2 ①advertising ['ædvətaɪzɪ] n．广告活动，广告业 advertise ['ædvətaɪz] vt.& vi. 做广告，登广告；公布，征聘；展现，宣传 advertisement [əd'vзːtɪsmənt] n． 广告，启事；广告活动，广告宣传 ②persuasion [pə'sweɪʒn] n．说服，劝说；信仰 persuade [pə'sweɪd] vt.说服；使信服 ③in short简言之 ④refer to指的是 ⑤interactive [ˌɪntər'æktɪv] adj.互相配合的；互动的 ⑥hand in hand手拉手的，齐头并进 ⑦boost [buːst] vt. 使增长，使兴旺n.增长， 提高；帮助，激励 ⑧launch [lɔːntʃ] v. 发起，发动 ⑨psychology [saɪ'kɒlədʒi] n．心理，心理特征；心理学 ⑩purchase ['pɜːtʃəs] vt.买，购买 n．购买，采购；购买的东西， 购买项目 ⑪memorable ['memərəbl] adj.难忘的，值得纪念的 ⑫appeal to吸引；启发；打动 ⑬get across被传达，被理解，把……讲清楚 ⑭brand ambassador 品牌大使 ⑮placement ['pleɪsmənt] n．放置；安置 ⑯rating ['reɪtɪ] n．收视率；等级，级别 ⑰sponsor ['spɒnsə(r)] vt.赞助；主办；为慈善活动捐款；资助n. 赞助商；为慈善活动捐款的人 ⑱absorb [əb'zɔːb] vt. 理解，掌握；吸收；吸引全部注意力 ⑲personalized ['pɜːsənəlaɪzd] adj.个性化的；针对个人的 ⑳discount ['dɪskaʊnt] n．折扣 vt.打折出售 ㉑tailor ['teɪlə(r)] vt. 专门制作，定做 n．裁缝 Advertising①：the power of persuasion② In just one day, a person can see hundreds of marketing messages. Advertising has become part of modern life. But what is advertising exactly? In short③， it refers to④ the activity of promoting a product or service. In other words, it tries to persuade people to buy a product or service. The history of advertising has always been closely linked with that of the mass media. From the ancient simple advertisements painted on outdoor signs to the colourful, interactive⑤ ones in smartphone apps, advertising and the mass media have developed hand in hand⑥. [1]As media channels have grown in number and type, so have advertisements. [1]本句中连词As引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”；so have advertisements使用了倒装结构， 即“so＋助动词＋主语”。 Because the mass media reaches so many people, it is a perfect vehicle for advertisers. [2]If an advertisement is placed on a popular website or on TV at peak times, a huge number of people will know about the product or service it is advertising. In addition to making people aware of a product or service, a successful advertisement will also create a desire to buy, thus boosting⑦ business. [3]That is why when a company wants to promote a product or service, it often launches⑧ a mass media advertising campaign. [2]本句是一个复合句。句中If引导条件状语从句；“it is advertising”是省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词the product or service。 [3]本句使用了“That is why...”句型，意为“那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句；表语从句中还包含when引导的时间状语从句。 [4]Based on the psychology⑨ behind creating a desire to buy, advertisers have developed ways of persuading people into purchasing⑩ their products or services. A common technique to make an impact is to create a memorable⑪ slogan. Slogans use simple but impressive language to make us remember the product or service being advertised. Some of these slogans may also appeal to⑫ our emotions. For example, a slogan may connect a fine china teapot [5]it aims to promote with our pride in having good taste. You will hear a variety of slogans any time you watch TV. Think about your favourite one. What makes it special? And what message does it try to get across⑬？ A slogan which communicates an idea effectively can boost sales and even become part of popular culture. That is the power of memorable slogans. [4]此处为过去分词短语作状语。 [5]此处为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词a fine china teapot。 Another technique advertisers often employ is to link their company or product to a “brand ambassador⑭” —a famous actor, a sports star, or even a fictional character. Think of a popular fast-food restaurant. Does it have a brand ambassador? Is the brand ambassador popular among potential customers? [6]The more we like the brand ambassador, the more we will be attracted to buy the product. [6]本句使用了“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，意为“越……，就越……”。 Of course, some advertisements are not so obvious：product placement⑮ is typically used in films with huge box-office success and TV shows with high ratings⑯. Some films are now sponsored⑰ by leading brands, so that only their products appear in the films, like the watches worn by the title character in the James Bond films. Other types of mass media use product placement too, including video games. It is not uncommon for sports video game series to feature different in-game equipment with real brand names. We absorb⑱ these marketing messages without thinking about them too much, yet they will probably have an effect on us the next time we go shopping. In the past, advertising was all about reaching as many people as possible with the same message. Now, advertising is becoming more digital and more personalized⑲. [7]Already we may see online advertisements for products or services we have previously searched for on the Internet, and we are very likely to receive special discounts⑳ and promotions targeted specifically at us. In the future, advertising will be even more about understanding individual customers and sending them advertisements that are tailored㉑ to specific needs. Not only will this make them feel more valued and enable them to see what they are most interested in, but it will also help companies target their customers more efficiently to have a positive effect on sales. [7]本句是由and连接的并列句。在第一个分句中，we have previously searched for on the Internet为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词products or services；在第二个分句中，targeted specifically at us为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰special discounts and promotions。 广告：说服的影响力 短短一天之中，一个人就能看到数百条营销信息。广告已经成为现代生活的一部分。但是广告到底是什么呢？简而言之，它指的是推广产品或服务的活动。换句话说，它试图说服人们购买一种产品或服务。 广告的历史一直与大众传媒的历史紧密相连。从古老的、简单的户外广告牌，到智能手机应用程序中丰富多彩的互动广告，广告和大众传媒已经齐头并进。随着媒体渠道的数量和类型的增长，广告也在增长。 因为大众传媒能吸引到这么多人，所以它是广告商的完美载体。如果在一个热门网站或电视上的黄金时段投放一则广告，许多人都会知道它所宣传的产品或服务。除了让人们了解一个产品或服务外，一个成功的广告还会引起购买欲，从而促进业务增长。那就是为什么当一家公司想要推广一种产品或服务时，它往往会在大众传媒上发起广告活动。 基于激发购买欲背后的心理特征，广告商开发出了多种说服人们购买其产品或服务的方式。产生影响的一个常见技巧是创造一个令人难忘的标语。标语用简单但令人印象深刻的语言使我们记住所宣传的产品或服务。其中一些标语可能也会引起我们的情绪波动。例如，一个标语可以把一个它想要促销的精美的瓷壶和我们的鉴赏力联系起来。你一看电视就会听到各种各样的标语。想想你最喜欢的那个。它有什么特别的呢？并且它试图传达什么信息呢？一个能有效传达想法的标语能促进销售，甚至成为流行文化的一部分。那就是令人难忘的标语的力量。 广告商经常采用的另一种技巧是将他们的公司或产品与“品牌大使”——一位著名演员、一位体育明星，甚至是一个虚构的人物——联系起来。想想一家受欢迎的快餐店。它有品牌大使吗？品牌大使在潜在客户中受欢迎吗？我们越喜欢品牌大使，我们就越会被吸引去购买产品。 当然，有些广告并不那么明显：植入式广告通常用于票房大卖的电影和高收视率的电视节目中。现在有些电影是由知名品牌赞助的，所以只有他们的产品出现在电影中，就像詹姆斯·邦德电影中主角戴的手表。其他类型的大众媒体也使用植入式广告，包括视频游戏。在体育类电子游戏系列中，具有真实品牌名称的不同游戏设备并不少见。我们不假思索就接收了这些营销信息，而这些信息有可能会在我们下次购物时对我们产生影响。 在过去，广告都是为了让尽可能多的人得到同样的信息。现在，广告越来越数字化，越来越个性化。我们可能已经在网上看到了我们以前在网上搜索过的产品或服务的广告，我们很可能会收到专门针对我们的特别折扣和促销活动。在未来，广告将更多地了解个人客户，并向他们发送针对特定需求的广告。这不仅会让他们感到更有价值，让他们看到自己最感兴趣的东西，而且还能帮助公司更有效地定位客户，对销售产生积极影响。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $