Unit 6 Beyond Earth 语法（一般将来时被动语态+现在完成时复习）导学案 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

语法（一般将来时/现在完成时的被动语态） 人教版九年级上册 Unit 6 Beyond Earth 第一部分 核心语法精讲与练习 一、一般将来时的被动语态 & 现在完成时复习 时态/语态 结构 例句 一般将来时（主动） will / be going to + do China will launch Chang'e-7 next year. 一般将来时（被动） will / be going to + be + done Chang'e-7 will be launched next year. 现在完成时（主动） have / has + done China has launched more than 90 missions. 现在完成时（被动） have / has + been + done More than 90 missions have been launched. 时间标志词：tomorrow, next year, soon, in the future, in + 时间段（将来时）；already, yet, since, so far, in the past few years（现在完成时）。 易错提醒： ① 被动语态的核心是 be + done：will be done 中 will 后必须保留 be；have/has been done 中 been 不能丢。 ② take place / happen / appear / arrive 等不及物动词无被动语态（中考高频陷阱）。 ③ 含情态动词：can/may/must be done；含 be going to：be going to be done。 ④ as soon as / until / if 引导时间、条件状语从句，主将从现：The samples will be studied as soon as they are brought back. ⑤ "据说"句型：It is said that... / It is believed that...（it作形式主语）。 二、语法练习 A —— 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1 . The rocket __________ (launch) tomorrow morning. 2 . A new satellite __________ (send) into space next month. 3 . The space museum __________ (visit) by thousands of people next year. 4 . The moon samples __________ (bring) back to Earth in the future. 5 . More stars __________ (discover) with the new telescope (望远镜). 6 . An important meeting on space __________ (hold) in Chengdu next Friday. 7 . A new kind of spacesuit __________ (make) for the astronauts. 8 . The old rocket __________ (not send) into space again until it is checked carefully. 9 . The moon base __________ (build) in the coming years. 10 . __________ the rover __________ (send) to the moon next year? 三、语法练习 B —— 把下列主动句改为被动句 1 . China will launch Chang'e-7 next year. 2 . They will build a moon base in the coming years. 3 . Scientists will study the samples carefully. 4 . The company will produce more satellites. 5 . We will not send the old probe (探测器) to Mars again. 第二部分 中考题型对接训练 A. 阅读理解（A篇 · 应用文 · 判断正误，正确的填A，错误的填B） CHINA SPACE DAY 2026 — Come and Explore the Universe! April 24th is the eleventh "China Space Day". To celebrate it, a space science event will be held in Chengdu this year. Time: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m., April 24th Place: City Science Museum, Chengdu Activities: model rocket exhibition (火箭模型展), VR space walk, a talk by a real astronaut (宇航员), and a drawing competition. Note: The event is free, but you must register (报名) online before April 20th. Students under 14 should come with their parents. 1 . The space science event will be held in Chengdu this year. （ ） 2 . The event will take place on April 20th. （ ） 3 . The event opens at 8:00 in the morning. （ ） 4 . Anyone can join the event without registering first. （ ） 5 . Students under 14 should come with their parents. （ ） B. 阅读理解（B篇 · 记叙文） 请阅读下面的短文，从题后所给的四个选项中选择一个最佳答案。 The Professor Who Flew into Space Gui Haichao was born in a small mountain village in Yunnan. Like many boys, he loved looking at the stars at night. However, his family was poor, and some people told him that dreaming about space was a waste of time. Gui did not listen. He studied so hard that he entered a top university in Beijing, and later he became a professor (教授) there. In 2018, something surprising happened. China was selecting (选拔) payload (载荷) experts for its space programme. Gui, the young teacher with glasses, was chosen from many excellent scientists. The training was much harder than he had expected. He had to practise swimming, diving and living in a small room for days. Several times he felt he could not go on, but every time he remembered the stars over his village. In May 2023, Gui's dream finally came true. He flew to the Chinese space station as China's first payload expert with glasses. From space, he gave a science lesson to millions of students on Earth. After the lesson, he said, "The stars are no longer far away. If you keep your eyes on them, they will lead you home." Today, Gui's story is told in schools across China. A boy who was once laughed at for dreaming is now helping more children hold on to their own dreams. 1 . What did some people think of Gui's dream when he was young? A. It was too expensive. B. It was a waste of time. C. It was dangerous. D. It was interesting. 2 . Why was Gui's selection surprising? A. He was a professor with glasses, not a soldier or pilot. B. He was the oldest scientist. C. He came from a rich family. D. He had been to space before. 3 . What does "he" in Paragraph 3 ("he said...") refer to? A. Gui's teacher. B. A student. C. Gui Haichao. D. An astronaut on Earth. 4 . What did Gui do in the space station? A. He repaired the station. B. He gave a science lesson to students. C. He took photos of the moon. D. He trained other astronauts. 5 . What is the best title for the passage? A. A Poor Village in Yunnan B. How to Become a Professor C. The Stars That Led Him Home D. Life on a Space Station C. 阅读理解（C篇 · 科普说明文 · 新闻改编） 请阅读下面的短文，从题后所给的四个选项中选择一个最佳答案。 Why Is Everyone Going to the Moon's South Pole? Chang'e-7, China's next moon mission, will travel to the south pole (南极) of the moon. It will not be alone: space agencies (航天机构) from several other countries are planning similar trips. Why has this cold, dark corner of the moon suddenly become so popular? The answer is water. For a long time, the moon was thought to be completely dry (干旱的). But in recent years, scientists have found signs of water ice inside craters (环形山) near the south pole. These craters are so deep that sunlight cannot reach their floors, so the ice there has been kept for billions of years. Water ice is more than just drinking water. Scientists can split it into hydrogen (氢) and oxygen (氧). These two elements (元素) can be used as rocket fuel (燃料). That means a moon base could "refuel" rockets on the moon itself, instead of carrying heavy fuel all the way from Earth. A journey to Mars would become much cheaper and easier. Of course, building a base there will not be easy. The south pole is extremely (极其) cold, and there are only about 14 days of light each month. Machines must be designed to survive (存活) the long, freezing nights. Still, scientists believe the water ice is worth the effort. "Whoever finds and uses the water first," says one expert, "will hold the key to the moon's future." 1 . Why has the moon's south pole become a popular destination (目的地)? A. Because it is warm and bright there. B. Because water ice may exist there. C. Because gold was found there. D. Because it is close to the Earth. 2 . The underlined word "split" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to "______". A. 混合 B. 分解 C. 加热 D. 储存 3 . What does "These two elements" in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Water and ice. B. The moon and Mars. C. The craters and floors. D. Hydrogen and oxygen. 4 . Where can we most probably read this passage? A. In a science magazine. B. In a cookbook. C. In a sports newspaper. D. In a storybook. 5 . What is the best title for the passage? A. A Cold Corner of the Moon B. How to Build a Rocket C. Water Ice: The Key to the Moon's Future D. Chang'e-7's Long Journey D. 完形填空（叙事类 · 10小题，每小题1分） 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Wan Hu: The First Man to Try Long before real rockets were invented, a Chinese man named Wan Hu had a dream. He wanted to fly into the sky and touch the moon. In his time, people only had kites (风筝), and flying like a bird seemed 1 . But Wan Hu did not give up. He built a special "flying chair". Forty-7 rockets were tied to the chair, and two large kites were fixed on both sides. On the chosen day, he sat on the chair and 2 the rockets to be lit. There was a loud noise and thick smoke (烟). When the smoke cleared (散去), Wan Hu and his chair were nowhere to be found. We will never know what happened to him. Some people say he disappeared (消失) into the sky, and others say the experiment failed badly. But one thing is 3 : he was the first person in history who was brave enough to 4 such an experiment. Today, things that Wan Hu could only dream about have come true. Rockets 5 by scientists and carried astronauts into space, and Chinese probes（探测器） 6 on the moon and Mars. When scientists talk about the history of space flight, Wan Hu's name is always 7 with great respect. "Every big journey begins with a dream that others laugh at," a modern scientist said. "Wan Hu 8 his life for his dream, and that makes him a true hero. His story 9 us that we should never be afraid to look up at the stars. The dream he planted (种下) hundreds of years ago 10 into reality (现实) step by step." ( ) 1 . A. possible B. safe C. impossible D. easy ( ) 2 . A. ordered B. refused C. forgot D. promised ( ) 3 . A. strange B. clear C. sad D. funny ( ) 4 . A. repeat B. record C. stop D. try ( ) 5 . A. build B. built C. were built D. are built ( ) 6 . A. have landed B. are planting C. were landed D. have planted ( ) 7. A. laughed B. remembered C. covered D. compared ( ) 8. A. wasted B. risked C. spent D. saved ( ) 9. A. warns B. teaches C. answers D. tricks ( ) 10. A. is growing B. is cutting C. is losing D. is breaking E. 任务型完形填空（10小题，每小题1.5分） 阅读下面的短文，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空，使文意通顺，结构正确。（每个单词限用一次） "Tiangong Classrooms" have become one of the most popular science lessons in China. In these classes, astronauts on the Chinese space station 1. __________ (teach) physics and chemistry experiments to 2. __________ (thousand) of students on Earth. The lessons are 3. __________ (usual) given while the space station is flying over China. In a recent class, an astronaut showed how water forms a ball in space and how a candle (蜡烛) burns without gravity (重力). The students were so 4. __________ (excite) that they asked questions about 5. __________ (they) favourite experiments. Many teachers said that such lessons make science more 6. __________ (interest) than the usual classroom teaching. "When I 7. __________ (watch) the lesson, I felt space was not far away at all," said a middle school student. "I have 8. __________ (learn) that science is everywhere." These lessons also encourage students to do experiments by 9. __________ (they) after class. Perhaps the 10. __________ (science) dream of becoming an astronaut has been planted in a young heart. F. 任务型阅读理解 阅读下面短文，按要求完成后面的小题。（素材：2026年"中国航天日"新闻改编） April 24th, 2026 was the eleventh "China Space Day". At a press conference (新闻发布会) in Beijing, the China National Space Administration (国家航天局) looked back at an amazing year: 92 space launches (发射) in 2025, 35% more than the year before. The year 2026 will be even busier. Tianwen-2, which was launched in 2025, will get close to its target asteroid (小行星) and carry out China's first asteroid sample return. Chang'e-7, now waiting at the Wenchang Space Centre, will be sent to the moon's south pole to search for water ice. A new crewed (载人的) spaceship, Shenzhou-23, will take new astronauts to the space station. What's more, SMILE, a satellite (卫星) developed together by China and Europe, will be launched to study how the sun's wind affects the Earth's magnetic field (磁场). Looking further ahead, China plans to send astronauts to the moon before 2030. The Long March-10 rocket and the Mengzhou spaceship have both passed important tests. "We are turning an old dream into a plan," a designer said. "Step by step, the moon is getting closer." 1. How many space launches did China carry out in 2025? 2. 补全句子，使与文中信息一致（每空限填一词）：Chang'e-7 will be sent to the moon's south pole __________ __________ water ice. 3. 请将第三段中划线句子 "Looking further ahead, China plans to send astronauts to the moon before 2030." 翻译成汉语。 4. What will SMILE be launched to do? 5. 开放题：If you could join one space mission in the future, which one would you like to join, and why? (列举一项任务并说明理由) G. 词汇考查（10小题，每小题1分） 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. The rocket __________ (launch) tomorrow morning. Don't miss it! 2. China __________ (carry) out 92 space launches in 2025. 3. Chang'e-7 is China's __________ (seven) moon mission in the Chang'e programme. 4. The samples from the asteroid __________ (bring) back to Earth in the future. 5. The astronauts gave an __________ (excite) science lesson from the space station. 6. Gui Haichao is the first __________ (science) with glasses to fly into space. 7. __________ (not touch) the telescope with your hands. 8. The moon base __________ (build) in the coming years. 9. A new star __________ (discover) by Chinese scientists last month. 10. The students were told __________ (watch) the rocket launch online. 参考答案与解析 第一部分 语法练习 A： 1. will be launched【解析】tomorrow morning提示一般将来时，rocket与launch是被动关系。 2. will be sent【解析】next month提示将来时，satellite与send是被动关系。 3. will be visited【解析】next year提示将来时，museum与visit是被动关系。 4. will be brought【解析】in the future提示将来时，samples与bring是被动关系，bring的过去分词为brought。 5. will be discovered【解析】with the new telescope暗含将来意义，stars与discover是被动关系。 6. will be held【解析】next Friday提示将来时，meeting与hold是被动关系。 7. will be made【解析】spacesuit与make是被动关系，will be made表示"将被制造"。 8. won't be sent【解析】not...until句型提示将来时，rocket与send是被动关系，否定式为won't be sent。 9. will be built【解析】in the coming years提示将来时，base与build是被动关系。 10. Will; be sent【解析】next year提示将来时，一般疑问句将will提前，rover与send是被动关系。 语法练习 B（参考答案）： 1. Chang'e-7 will be launched (by China) next year.（一般将来时被动） 2. A moon base will be built in the coming years.（by them可省略） 3. The samples will be studied carefully (by scientists).（副词carefully保留原位） 4. More satellites will be produced (by the company). 5. The old probe will not be sent to Mars again.（否定句will not be done） 第二部分 A. 阅读理解（A篇）：1.A 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.A 1. A【解析】根据海报"a space science event will be held in Chengdu this year"。 2. B【解析】活动时间是4月24日，4月20日是报名截止日期，注意偷换概念。 3. B【解析】开放时间为9:00 a.m.，不是8:00。 4. B【解析】必须4月20日前网上报名（must register online before April 20th），不能不报名直接参加。 5. A【解析】Note栏明确说明14岁以下学生需家长陪同。 B. 阅读理解（B篇）：1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C 1. B【解析】细节题。第一段"some people told him that dreaming about space was a waste of time."。 2. A【解析】推断题。第二段"Gui, the young teacher with glasses, was chosen from many excellent scientists"，大学教授（非军人/飞行员出身）入选令 人意外。 3. C【解析】指代题。第三段主语为Gui，"he"指代桂海潮本人。 4. B【解析】细节题。第三段"he gave a science lesson to millions of students on Earth"。 5. C【解析】标题题。结尾"The stars are no longer far away... they will lead you home"点题，C项呼应全文；A、D以偏概全，B与主旨无关。 C. 阅读理解（C篇）：1.B 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 1. B【解析】细节题。第二段"The answer is water."。 2. B【解析】猜词题。split water into hydrogen and oxygen，即把水分解为氢和氧，split意为"分解"。 3. D【解析】指代题。前一句"split it into hydrogen and oxygen"，These two elements指代hydrogen and oxygen。 4. A【解析】出处题。月球南极水冰科普文，最可能出自科学杂志；cookbook（烹饪书）、sports newspaper（体育报）、storybook（故事书）均不符。 5. C【解析】标题题。全文围绕"水冰是月球未来的关键"展开，C项呼应尾句"hold the key to the moon's future"；A项仅描述环境，B项未涉及，D项偏离主旨。 D. 完形填空：1-5 CABDC 6-10 ABBBA 1. C【解析】根据上下文，当时只有风筝，像鸟一样飞似乎不可能（impossible），与后文"did not give up"形成对比。 2. A【解析】他坐在椅子上，命令（ordered）点燃火箭。 3. B【解析】one thing is clear"有一点很清楚"，引出客观结论。 4. D【解析】他是历史上第一个敢于尝试（try）这种实验的人。 5. C【解析】Rockets与build是被动关系，描述过去的事实，were built。句意：科学家制造的火箭把宇航员送入太空。 6. A【解析】中国探测器已经登陆月球和火星（对现在有影响），have landed现在完成时。 7. B【解析】提到万户的名字时，人们总是满怀敬意地记起（remembered）他。 8. B【解析】risk one's life"冒着生命危险"，与true hero呼应。 9. B【解析】他的故事教给（teaches）我们永不害怕仰望星空。 10. A【解析】他数百年前种下的梦想正一步步变为现实，is growing into...正在成长为/变成。 E. 任务型完形填空： 1. teach【解析】astronauts作主语，主动语态，一般现在时（介绍课程常态），填原形teach。 2. thousands【解析】thousands of students数以千计的学生，thousand用复数并搭配of。 3. usually【解析】修饰被动结构are given，用副词usually（通常）。 4. excited【解析】so...that句型中修饰人（students）的感受，用excited（感到兴奋的）。 5. their【解析】修饰名词短语favourite experiments，用形容词性物主代词their。 6. interesting【解析】make science more interesting使科学更有趣，修饰事物用interesting。 7. watched【解析】When引导的时间状语从句，felt提示过去时，watch的过去式为watched。 8. learned【解析】have后接过去分词构成现在完成时，learn的过去分词为learned/learnt。 9. themselves【解析】by oneself独自/亲自，主语为students，用themselves。 10. scientific【解析】修饰名词dream用形容词scientific（科学的）。 F. 任务型阅读理解： 1. （1分）92 space launches. / 92.【解析】第一段末句直接给出数字，注意补全单位，只写92可酌情给分。 2. （2分）to search for【解析】第二段"will be sent to the moon's south pole to search for water ice"，动词不定式表目的，每空1分。 3. （2分）展望未来，中国计划在2030年前把航天员送上月球。【解析】looking further ahead译为"展望未来/往更远处看"；send astronauts to the moon"把航天员送上月球"；before 2030"2030年前"。 4. （2分）It will be launched to study how the sun's wind affects the Earth's magnetic field.【解析】第二段末句，SMILE是中欧合作卫星，研究太阳风如何影响地球磁场。 5. （3分）开放题示例：I would like to join the Chang'e-7 mission, because searching for water ice will open the door to a moon base.（写出任务1分，理由1分，语言表达1分，言之有理即可。） G. 词汇考查： 1. will be launched【解析】tomorrow morning提示一般将来时的被动语态。 2. carried【解析】in 2025提示一般过去时，主动语态，carry的过去式为carried（carry out实施）。 3. seventh【解析】序数词，"嫦娥七号"即第七次任务，seven→seventh。 4. will be brought【解析】in the future提示将来时，samples与bring是被动关系。 5. exciting【解析】修饰名词lesson，用exciting（令人兴奋的）。 6. scientist【解析】指"科学家"，science→scientist，the first后用单数。 7. Don't touch【解析】否定祈使句：Don't + 动词原形（呼应2026一诊考点）。 8. will be built【解析】in the coming years提示将来时的被动语态。 9. was discovered【解析】last month提示一般过去时，star与discover是被动关系。 10. to watch【解析】be told to do sth.被告知做某事，用不定式to watch。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $