【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第12讲 Unit 1 Cultural Heritage（写作-三改法让倡议有理由有边界）-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第二册（教师版+学生版）

新教材同步尖子班讲义　2026秋·人教版必修二·英语 Unit 1 Cultural Heritage　第12讲 写作·三改法让倡议有理由有边界（学生版） 倡议书说理升格：比较参照＋可核验证据＋明确结果；限定表达＋让步—反驳 【课时安排】安排 120 分钟（2 课时连排）。 【学习目标】 1. 能用“比较参照＋评价维度＋证据＋结果”组织倡议理由。 2. 能按“一改内容、二改结构、三改语言”将一稿改为二稿。 3. 能用限定表达与让步—反驳控制断言边界。 【本讲导航】核心：论证链三环——比较参照、可核验证据、明确结果；附带覆盖：三改顺序、限定四档、让步—反驳、文化遗产多子题。 先提醒一句：本讲所有结论都不直接给你，要你自己在横线上写出来。写不出的地方，就是你这节课要补的地方。 一、撞墙导入 1. 病文 先读，别急着改。下面这段是同学交上来的一稿，读完之后回答问题链。 I think old buildings are important. We should protect them because they are our history. So we must protect them. 2. 问题链 (1) “important”之后，读者知道了什么？ (2) “because they are our history”回答了“历史为何重要”吗？ (3) “must”让谁被排除在讨论之外？ (4) 把 old buildings 换成任何遗产，句子是否仍成立？ 你的回答：(1)＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　(2)＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 　　　　　(3)＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　(4)＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 3. 请把你的结论写下来 这段病文的问题可归为四类：＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿。（提示：分别从“喊口号”“理由”“证据”“语气”四个方向各找一条） 三改法按什么顺序处理：一改＿＿＿＿、二改＿＿＿＿、三改＿＿＿＿。 二、核心精讲 本讲的工具就三环：比较参照给出“和什么比”，评价维度给出“比什么”，可核验证据与明确结果给出“凭什么这么说、保护之后会怎样”。三环缺一环，理由就悬空。 1. 三环论证链 (1) 比较参照 Compared with modern flats/new blocks, old buildings… 动手：先在例句里圈出两端——被比较的一端是＿＿＿＿＿＿，被主张的一端是＿＿＿＿＿＿。 比较参照必须过三关，缺一关，比较就失效： 第一关　对象要＿＿＿＿——写不出具体物，就不要写 other things 这种空词； 第二关　维度要＿＿＿＿——写 better 这种词，读者没法判断； 第三关　方向要＿＿＿＿主张——old buildings retain… 是“留”；old buildings are old 只是重复属性。 练　★ 补全下面的比较句（比较对象＋评价维度，两空都要填实）： Compared with ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿, old buildings ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. 【答案与解析】答案：＿＿＿＿。因为：比较对象＿＿＿＿，评价维度＿＿＿＿。 (2) 评价维度 五个维度先记住：memory、irreversibility、craftsmanship、tourism、education。 每个维度都在回答一个具体问题，请把问题补出来： memory 回答：留下来意味着＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿； irreversibility 回答：拆掉还能不能＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿； craftsmanship 回答：新建筑能不能＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿； tourism 回答：有没有可见的＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿； education 回答：对＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿意味着什么。 老师提醒：五个维度不必写满。选一到两个写透，比五个都点到更有力。现在就为你待会儿要写的倡议书勾选两个：□ memory　□ irreversibility　□ craftsmanship　□ tourism　□ education (3) 可核验证据 证据要占住：人、地、时、数、原址、不可逆，至少占两项。 证据分三档： 弱证据＝概括评价； 中证据＝具体地点＋时间； 强证据＝中证据＋数量或后果。 练　★★ 先判档，再说明理由： A. The Great Wall is famous. B. The theatre has operated since 1925. C. The theatre attracted 40,000 visitors in 2025 and was removed from the at-risk register. 【答案与解析】A＿＿＿＿；B＿＿＿＿；C＿＿＿＿。理由：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 (4) 明确结果 结果必须回扣倡议目的，回答三件事：保留＿＿＿＿＿＿、改善＿＿＿＿＿＿、让＿＿＿＿＿＿受益。 证据与结果是一对：证据说已经发生了什么，结果说如果＿＿＿＿＿＿，还会发生什么。证据向后，结果向前，中间用＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿连接。 易错：这句连接词一断，读者就停在原地，只看到“很重要，所以要保护”，看不到保护之后会发生什么。 2. 示范一·适应性再利用 Compared with a newly built shopping mall, a restored old cinema can provide both cultural memory and public activity space. Take the Majestic Cinema project as an example: UNESCO supported its rehabilitation in 2024 and turned it into a cultural hub. Thus, adaptive reuse not only preserves architectural history but also serves local communities. Adaptive reuse preserves architectural history that full demolition destroys. Take the Majestic Cinema project as an example: UNESCO supported its rehabilitation in 2024 and turned it into a cultural hub. 来源：UNESCO, Majestic Cinema Rehabilitation Project, 2024. 三环定位：比较参照＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；评价维度＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；证据（机构·时间·项目）＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；结果＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 自检打钩：□有比较　□有维度　□有证据　□有结果 3. 示范二·风险名录与及时修缮 Compared with demolished sites, restored heritage buildings retain irreplaceable local identity. Take Rockingham Kiln as an example: after repair support in 2024–2025, it was removed from the at-risk register. Hence, timely conservation can return historic structures to productive use. Timely conservation returns historic structures to productive use that demolition cannot match. Take the Yorkshire grants in 2024–2025 as an example: several at-risk buildings received support and returned to productive use. 来源：Historic England, Heritage at Risk Register 2025. 三环定位：比较参照＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；评价维度＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；证据＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；结果＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 老师提醒：证据里带“at-risk register”这种具体名录名，才有反命题检验的抓手——名录内改成名录外，是有事实依据的改动。 4. 示范三·遗产影响评估 Compared with unplanned new hotels, heritage-sensitive design protects the overall value of old urban areas. Take the 2024 Prague advisory mission as an example: UNESCO and ICOMOS reviewed conservation and development plans together. As a result, any new project near historic centres should pass impact assessment before construction. Heritage-sensitive design protects the overall value of old urban areas against unplanned new hotels. Take the 2024 Prague advisory mission as an example: UNESCO and ICOMOS reviewed conservation and development plans together. 来源：UNESCO/ICOMOS, Prague Historic Centre Advisory Mission, 2024-12. 三环定位：比较参照＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；证据（机构·城市·时间）＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；结果＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 想一想：结果句用的是 should，不是 must。为什么倡议书更常用 should？答：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 5. 示范四·数字遗产 Compared with physical visits alone, digital heritage maps extend reach to remote learners. Take the Urban Heritage Atlas projects in 2024–2025 as an example: historic cities were mapped for education and management. Consequently, a school digital heritage column not only saves travel costs but also improves research efficiency. Digital exhibitions extend reach to remote students in ways physical visits alone cannot. Take the UNESCO Urban Heritage Atlas projects in 2024–2025 as an example: historic cities were mapped for education and management. Heritage impact assessment protects the overall value of historic cities against ignoring local records. Take the 2025 Samarkand assessment as an example: UNESCO World Heritage Centre reviewed the historic urban landscape and new development plans together. 来源：UNESCO, Urban Heritage Atlas, 2024–2025.／UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Samarkand SOC 2025. 三环定位：比较参照＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；评价维度＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；证据＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；结果＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 这一子题贴近校园，写倡议书时可以拿来当论据。 6. 示范五·社区主导修缮 Compared with top-down demolition, community-led repair keeps local memory and lowers long-term cost. Take the 2024–2025 Yorkshire grants as an example: several at-risk buildings received support and returned to productive use. For this reason, community-led repair not only protects local identity but also strengthens public participation. 来源：Historic England, Heritage at Risk Register 2025. 三环定位：比较参照＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；评价维度＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；结果＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 想一想：这条比较把倡议主体从政府扩大到了＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，你的行动建议就可以落到学生能做的事上：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 7. 示范六·灾前数字存档 Compared with reactive reconstruction after damage, pre-disaster documentation protects heritage before loss. Take the UNESCO Urban Heritage Atlas projects in 2024–2025 as an example: historic cities were mapped for education and management. Thus, digital archives can support both research and future repair. 来源：UNESCO, Urban Heritage Atlas, 2024–2025. 三环定位：比较参照＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；评价维度＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；结果＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 老师提醒：irreversibility 不要当抽象形容词用，要落到“灾前留存，灾后可修”这条因果上：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 8. 三改法 (1) 一改内容：补＿＿＿＿、补＿＿＿＿、补＿＿＿＿；删＿＿＿＿理由。 (2) 二改结构：称呼与目的 → ＿＿＿＿ → 比较 → 证据 → ＿＿＿＿ → ＿＿＿＿ → 号召。 (3) 三改语言：换精准＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿句、加＿＿＿＿词、删＿＿＿＿词。 易错：顺序不可颠倒。内容空缺时先改语言，等于＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；结构未稳时先改语言，等于＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。先让理由有落点，再让句子有序，最后让用词有分量。 9. 一稿 I think we should protect the old temple. It is very old and very important. Many people visit it. So it is important to protect it. Everyone must protect it. 10. 二稿（请你写） 任务：按三改法把上面一稿升格为二稿，写在下面。先改内容，再排结构，最后动语言，别跳步。 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 动作清单，做完一条打一个钩： □ 删掉两处循环表达：＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿（都在第 2 句，自己找） □ 用＿＿＿＿＿＿引出比较，比较对象写：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ □ 补一处可核验证据，写清＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿（人地时数，至少占两项） □ 把 So it is important to protect it 换成 Therefore 引导的结果句：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ □ 把 Everyone must protect it 换成带限定的收尾：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 11. 我的二稿自查 比较对象＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；证据含＿＿＿＿与＿＿＿＿；结果回扣＿＿＿＿与＿＿＿＿；我用到的边界表达有＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿。 （边界表达从限定四档、not only…but also…、worth protecting 里挑，挑不出来就说明语言还没改到位） 【答案与解析】改对了没有：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；还差的一环是：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 12. 限定四档 (1) 范围：in most cases、most heritage sites、some aged buildings。 (2) 程度：to some extent、partly、relatively。 (3) 频率：usually、often、generally。 (4) 证据可靠度：as far as local records show、according to the 2025 conservation report。 四档各自留的是什么边界，请补出来： In most cases 承认＿＿＿＿＿＿存在，但主句立场＿＿＿＿＿＿； to some extent 承认对方＿＿＿＿＿＿合理，后面用＿＿＿＿＿＿回主张； usually 承认不是＿＿＿＿＿＿都如此； as far as…shows 把＿＿＿＿＿＿与判断绑定。 示范（先读，体会语气）： In most cases, restoration costs less than reconstruction and keeps original materials. To some extent, modern facilities improve visitor experience, but they should not replace historic structures. Usually, community-led repair lasts longer because local users monitor maintenance. As far as the 2025 conservation report shows, adaptive reuse has returned several at-risk buildings to productive use. 来源：Historic England, Heritage at Risk Register 2025. 老师提醒：限定不是认怂。限定词后面必须站着一句明确主张，只有限定没有主张，等于没写。 练　★★ 把下面三句改成有边界的判断： a. All old houses must be kept exactly.　→ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ b. Modern facilities destroy heritage.　→ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ c. Restoration always costs more than reconstruction.　→ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 【答案与解析】a＿＿＿＿；b＿＿＿＿；c＿＿＿＿。我用的限定档分别是：＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿。 13. 让步—反驳 模板：It is true that… However, compared with… Take…as an example… Therefore… 操作要点请补出来：让步只写＿＿＿＿句，写明对方的＿＿＿＿＿＿；However 后立刻＿＿＿＿＿＿，不再展开；Take…as an example 带＿＿＿＿；Therefore 收＿＿＿＿。四步一句不多，一句不少。 常见错误（对照自查）： (1) It is true that… 后连写两句以上退让，However 后无反驳。 (2) 限定词后没有主句立场，如 Maybe we should protect heritage. (3) 比较对象后没有评价维度，如 Compared with new buildings, old buildings are old. 练　★★★ 按模板写一段，主题：旧阅览厅 vs 新建智能机房。 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 【答案与解析】我的让步句＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；我的反驳句＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；我的证据＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 14. 倡议书结构模板 用法：先照骨架填一遍，把空补全，再按三改法改语言。别一上来就追求漂亮句子。 Dear ＿＿＿＿＿＿, I am writing to call for ＿＿＿＿＿＿ rather than ＿＿＿＿＿＿. It is true that ＿＿＿＿＿＿; however, ＿＿＿＿＿＿. Compared with ＿＿＿＿＿＿, ＿＿＿＿＿＿ retains ＿＿＿＿＿＿ that ＿＿＿＿＿＿ cannot offer. Take ＿＿＿＿＿＿ as an example: ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. Therefore, ＿＿＿＿＿＿ not only ＿＿＿＿＿＿ but also ＿＿＿＿＿＿. In most cases, ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. I propose that ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. I hope everyone will support ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 15. 文化遗产子题素材库 (1) 适应性再利用：old cinema、old factory、old railway station。 (2) 风险名录与修缮：at-risk register、repair grants、heritage at risk。 (3) 遗产影响评估：impact assessment、advisory mission、conservation plan。 (4) 数字遗产：heritage atlas、digital archive、online exhibition。 (5) 社区主导修缮：community-led repair、local participation、oral history。 (6) 灾前数字存档：pre-disaster documentation、reactive reconstruction、future repair。 现在就定：我选的子题是＿＿＿＿＿＿；比较对象写＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；我能拿出的证据是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 选子题挑的是一个可比较、可证据、可结果的场景，不是挑一堆素材来堆。 三、高频易错速查表 先读表，再拿它一条条卡自己的二稿。 易错类型 判定信号 处理 本讲证据/例句 空喊重要 important、meaningful、valuable 高频，无比较、无事例 补 Compared with…；补 memory／irreversibility／identity Compared with modern flats, old buildings retain neighbourhood memory. 伪证据 The Great Wall is famous；Culture is great 换本地案例、时间跨度、参观人数、修缮前后对比；标出处年份 Rockingham Kiln removed from at-risk register, 2024–2025. 来源：Historic England 2025。 比较维度错位 Compared with new buildings, old ones are old and ugly 比较对象后必须跟评价维度 Compared with new flats, old buildings retain irreplaceable craftsmanship. 绝对化 all、every、must、always、nobody 用 in most cases、to some extent、usually、as far as investigations show In most cases, restoration is preferable. 让步冗长 It is true that…后两句以上退让，再无反驳 一句让步，However 后直接回主张与证据 It is true that smart facilities help; however, cultural memory also matters. 限定含糊 maybe、perhaps、I think 后无明确主张 限定词后必须跟主句立场 In most cases, restoration is preferable. 对照打钩：□空喊重要　□伪证据　□比较维度错位　□绝对化　□让步冗长　□限定含糊 我最容易犯的是＿＿＿＿＿＿，因为＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 四、课堂实战 A 基础过关·改一句　★ 原句：We must protect every old house because it is important. 要求：加比较、证据、结果、限定。 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 【答案与解析】我的改写：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；用到的限定词：＿＿＿＿＿＿；我的证据：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 B 能力提升·改一段　★★ 原文：Old streets are nice. Some people want to build new shops. We should keep them because they are beautiful. 要求：含比较参照、评价维度、证据、结果、限定词。 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 【答案与解析】比较参照＿＿＿＿；评价维度＿＿＿＿；证据＿＿＿＿；结果＿＿＿＿；限定＿＿＿＿。 C 高考冲刺·写倡议书片段　★★★ 情境：某校图书馆拟拆除 1930 年代旧阅览厅建智能机房。以学生身份写倡议书，呼吁保留并改造旧阅览厅。 限时 12 分钟。称呼与落款自己补。 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 【答案与解析】我的比较句＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；我的证据＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；我的结果＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；我的行动建议＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 D 易混辨析·综合修改＋反命题检验　★★★ 1. 下面证据最可用于“保留老剧场”倡议的是 A. The theatre has operated since 1925, staged local operas for three generations, and attracted 40,000 visitors in 2025. B. The theatre is very famous. C. Old buildings are important. D. Culture is valuable to everyone. 【答案与解析】答案：＿＿＿＿。因为：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 2. 下面比较句维度正确的是 A. Compared with new buildings, old buildings are old. B. Compared with new flats, old buildings are more historical. C. Compared with new buildings, old buildings look different. D. Compared with new flats, old buildings retain neighbourhood memory and irreplaceable craftsmanship. 【答案与解析】答案：＿＿＿＿。因为：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 3. 需限定修改的句子是“All heritage sites must be kept exactly as they were.”最佳改为 A. All heritage sites must be kept exactly. B. In most cases, heritage sites should be conserved with original materials, though some structural safety changes are acceptable. C. Maybe we should protect heritage. D. I think all sites are perfect. 【答案与解析】答案：＿＿＿＿。因为：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 4. 下面限定后跟明确主张的是 A. Maybe we should protect heritage. B. I think all sites are perfect. C. In most cases, restoration is preferable. D. Perhaps old buildings are good. 【答案与解析】答案：＿＿＿＿。因为：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 5. 综合修改：将下面一段改为含比较参照、可核验证据、明确结果、让步—反驳、限定表达的倡议书片段。 原段：Old streets are nice. Some people want to build new shops. We should keep them because they are beautiful. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 【答案与解析】比较参照＿＿＿＿；证据＿＿＿＿；结果＿＿＿＿；限定＿＿＿＿；让步—反驳＿＿＿＿。 五、课堂小结 合上讲义，先默写，再回去核对。 三环一链：比较参照 → ＿＿＿＿＿＿ → ＿＿＿＿＿＿。 三改顺序：＿＿＿＿＿＿ → ＿＿＿＿＿＿ → ＿＿＿＿＿＿。 四档限定：＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿。 让步一句：It is true that… However, ＿＿＿＿＿＿… Take… Therefore… 口诀默写：先＿＿＿＿＿＿，再＿＿＿＿＿＿，结果回扣不跑题；一让步，二＿＿＿＿＿＿，限定词后立＿＿＿＿＿＿。 我的笔记（最该记住的三句话）： ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 六、课后巩固 情境：学校拟将一座老粮仓改造为文创空间。写一封倡议书，呼吁保留并改造。 要求：80 词左右；含比较参照、一处校本证据、让步—反驳、具体行动、限定表达。 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 用时＿＿＿＿分钟　　自评打钩：□比较参照　□校本证据　□让步—反驳　□具体行动　□限定表达 订正区（我错在看成了什么）： ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新教材同步尖子班讲义2026秋人教版必修二英语 Unit1-Cultural Heritage第12讲 写作-三改法让倡议有理由有边界(教师版) 倡议书说理升格 ● 比较参照＋可核验证据＋明确结果；限定表达＋让步—反驳 【课时安排】安排 120 分钟（2 课时连排）。 【学习目标】 1. 能用“比较参照＋评价维度＋证据＋结果”组织倡议理由。 2. 能按“一改内容、二改结构、三改语言”将一稿改为二稿。 3. 能用限定表达与让步—反驳控制断言边界。 【本讲导航】核心：论证链三环——比较参照、可核验证据、明确结果｜附带覆盖：三改顺序、限定四档、让步—反驳、文化遗产多子题。 一、撞墙导入 1. 病文 I think old buildings are important. We should protect them because they are our history. So we must protect them. 2. 问题链 (1) “important”之后，读者知道了什么？ (2) “because they are our history”回答了“历史为何重要”吗？ (3) “must”让谁被排除在讨论之外？ (4) 把 old buildings 换成任何遗产，句子是否仍成立？ 3. 结论 空喊重要、理由循环、证据虚假、语气绝对。这四类问题在一篇 80 词的倡议书里足以毁掉全部说服力。三改法按顺序处理：一改内容、二改结构、三改语言。内容先补比较、补证据、补结果；结构再排称呼、让步、比较、证据、结果、措施、号召；语言最后换精准动词、并句、加限定词、删绝对词。 二、核心精讲 1. 三环论证链 (1) 比较参照 Compared with modern flats/new blocks, old buildings… 比较参照的作用：给读者一个可判断的坐标。没有比较，读者只能看到“重要”二字，看不到“重要在哪里”。新与旧、拆与留、短期收益与长期记忆，比较本身就把选择放到了读者面前。凡倡议书，第一句比较成立，后面的理由才有落点。 比较参照必须过三关：对象要具体（modern flats 而非 other things）、维度要可判（memory 而非 better）、方向要服务主张（old buildings retain 而非 old buildings are old）。三关缺一，比较失效。 (2) 评价维度 memory、irreversibility、craftsmanship、tourism、education。 评价维度必须落在文化遗产本身：记忆、不可逆、工艺、旅游、教育。维度错位，比较就失效。比较对象给出“和什么比”，评价维度给出“比什么”。两者配对，倡议理由才有了骨架。 每个维度都有它回答的问题：memory 回答“留下来意味着什么”；irreversibility 回答“拆掉还能不能复得”；craftsmanship 回答“新建筑能不能复制”；tourism 回答“有没有可见的现实收益”；education 回答“对下一代意味着什么”。议论文不需要全部写满，选一到两个维度写透，比罗列五个都点到更有力。 (3) 可核验证据 人、地、时、数、原址、不可逆，至少占两项。 证据不是“很有名”“很重要”，而是可查、可核、可反命题检验的事实。“The Great Wall is famous”可套到所有遗产，写不出地点之外的具体信息；“Rockingham Kiln removed from at-risk register, 2024–2025”能核到机构、时间、名录变化，两者不在一个量级。 证据有三档：弱证据是概括评价（famous、important、valuable）；中证据是具体地点加时间（since 1925、in 2024）；强证据是中证据加数量或后果（40,000 visitors in 2025；removed from at-risk register）。倡议书写到中证据以上，说理才立得住。 (4) 明确结果 keep memory alive；bring economic and educational benefits；support community identity。 结果必须回扣倡议目的：保留什么、改善什么、让谁受益。结果不具体，读者只会看到“很重要，所以要保护”，看不到“保护之后会发生什么”。行动收益一旦写清，倡议才从情感呼吁变成理性选择。 结果和证据是一对：证据说“已经发生了什么”，结果说“如果同意，还会发生什么”。证据向后，结果向前，中间用 Therefore 连接。这条链断了，读者会停在原地。 2. 示范一·适应性再利用 Compared with a newly built shopping mall, a restored old cinema can provide both cultural memory and public activity space. Take the Majestic Cinema project as an example: UNESCO supported its rehabilitation in 2024 and turned it into a cultural hub. Thus, adaptive reuse not only preserves architectural history but also serves local communities. 来源：UNESCO, Majestic Cinema Rehabilitation Project, 2024. Adaptive reuse preserves architectural history that full demolition destroys. Take the Majestic Cinema project as an example: UNESCO supported its rehabilitation in 2024 and turned it into a cultural hub. 来源：UNESCO, Majestic Cinema Rehabilitation Project, 2024. 拆解：第一句给比较参照（newly built shopping mall）+ 评价维度（cultural memory, public activity space）+ 结果（provide）。第二句给证据（UNESCO, 2024, Majestic Cinema）。第三句给结果回扣（preserves architectural history + serves local communities）。三环完整，句数少，信息密度高。 3. 示范二·风险名录与及时修缮 Compared with demolished sites, restored heritage buildings retain irreplaceable local identity. Take Rockingham Kiln as an example: after repair support in 2024–2025, it was removed from the at-risk register. Hence, timely conservation can return historic structures to productive use. 来源：Historic England, Heritage at Risk Register 2025. Timely conservation returns historic structures to productive use that demolition cannot match. Take the Yorkshire grants in 2024–2025 as an example: several at-risk buildings received support and returned to productive use. 来源：Historic England, Heritage at Risk Register 2025. 拆解：比较参照 demolished sites vs restored heritage buildings；评价维度 local identity、irreplaceability；证据 Rockingham Kiln、2024–2025、名录变化；结果 return to productive use。证据带“at-risk register”这一具体名录名，可反命题检验——名录外读者能查到，名录内改为名录外有事实依据。 4. 示范三·遗产影响评估 Compared with unplanned new hotels, heritage-sensitive design protects the overall value of old urban areas. Take the 2024 Prague advisory mission as an example: UNESCO and ICOMOS reviewed conservation and development plans together. As a result, any new project near historic centres should pass impact assessment before construction. 来源：UNESCO/ICOMOS, Prague Historic Centre Advisory Mission, 2024-12. Timely conservation returns historic structures to productive use that demolition cannot match. Take the Yorkshire grants in 2024–2025 as an example: several at-risk buildings received support and returned to productive use. 来源：Historic England, Heritage at Risk Register 2025. Heritage-sensitive design protects the overall value of old urban areas against unplanned new hotels. Take the 2024 Prague advisory mission as an example: UNESCO and ICOMOS reviewed conservation and development plans together. 来源：UNESCO/ICOMOS, Prague Historic Centre Advisory Mission, 2024-12. 拆解：比较参照 unplanned new hotels vs heritage-sensitive design；评价维度 overall value of old urban areas；证据 Prague 2024-12、UNESCO/ICOMOS、Samarkand 2025；结果 should pass impact assessment before construction。结果句用 should，体现程序而非断言，符合倡议书的协商语气。 5. 示范四·数字遗产 Compared with physical visits alone, digital heritage maps extend reach to remote learners. Take the Urban Heritage Atlas projects in 2024–2025 as an example: historic cities were mapped for education and management. Consequently, a school digital heritage column not only saves travel costs but also improves research efficiency. 来源：UNESCO, Urban Heritage Atlas, 2024–2025. Digital exhibitions extend reach to remote students in ways physical visits alone cannot. Take the UNESCO Urban Heritage Atlas projects in 2024–2025 as an example: historic cities were mapped for education and management. 来源：UNESCO, Urban Heritage Atlas, 2024–2025. Heritage impact assessment protects the overall value of historic cities against ignoring local records. Take the 2025 Samarkand assessment as an example: UNESCO World Heritage Centre reviewed the historic urban landscape and new development plans together. 来源：UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Samarkand SOC 2025. 拆解：比较参照 physical visits alone vs digital heritage maps；评价维度 reach、education、management；证据 UNESCO Urban Heritage Atlas 2024–2025；结果 saves travel costs + improves research efficiency。数字遗产这一子题贴近校园，适合学生写倡议书时选做论据。 6. 示范五·社区主导修缮 Compared with top-down demolition, community-led repair keeps local memory and lowers long-term cost. Take the 2024–2025 Yorkshire grants as an example: several at-risk buildings received support and returned to productive use. For this reason, community-led repair not only protects local identity but also strengthens public participation. 来源：Historic England, Heritage at Risk Register 2025. 拆解：比较参照 top-down demolition vs community-led repair；评价维度 local memory、long-term cost、participation；证据 Yorkshire grants 2024–2025；结果 protects local identity + strengthens public participation。这条比较把倡议主体从政府扩大到社区，写作时可以借此提出学生可参与的行动。 7. 示范六·灾前数字存档 Compared with reactive reconstruction after damage, pre-disaster documentation protects heritage before loss. Take the UNESCO Urban Heritage Atlas projects in 2024–2025 as an example: historic cities were mapped for education and management. Thus, digital archives can support both research and future repair. 来源：UNESCO, Urban Heritage Atlas, 2024–2025. 拆解：比较参照 reactive reconstruction vs pre-disaster documentation；评价维度 irreversibility、future repair；证据 UNESCO Urban Heritage Atlas 2024–2025；结果 supports research + future repair。这条示范用于提醒：irreversibility 不是抽象形容词，要落到“灾前留存，灾后可修”的具体因果上。 8. 三改法 (1) 一改内容 补比较、补证据、补结果；删循环理由。 (2) 二改结构 称呼与目的→让步→比较→证据→结果→措施→号召。 (3) 三改语言 换精准动词、并句、加限定词、删绝对词。 三改顺序不可颠倒。内容空缺时先改语言是擦亮空壳；结构未稳时先改语言是枝叶盖主干。先让理由有落点，再让句子有序，最后让用词有分量。 9. 一稿 I think we should protect the old temple. It is very old and very important. Many people visit it. So it is important to protect it. Everyone must protect it. 10. 二稿 I believe the old temple is worth protecting, though it does not look grand. Compared with the newly built parks around it, the temple carries a memory that no new place can offer. Take the stone gate as an example: it has stood there for over three hundred years and is now the last mark of the old village. Therefore, protecting it not only keeps our roots but also gives visitors a place to learn about real history. In most cases, a temple like this can be repaired without too much cost. I call on everyone to care about it. 11. 二稿要点 比较对象明确；证据含时间与唯一性；结果回扣 roots 与 history；worth protecting、not only…but also…、In most cases 体现边界。 一稿到二稿的具体动作：删掉“very important”“very old”两处循环；加入 Compared with 引出比较；加入 stone gate 与 three hundred years 给可核验证据；把 So it is important to protect it 换成 Therefore, protecting it not only keeps our roots but also gives visitors a place to learn about real history；把 Everyone must protect it 换成 In most cases… I call on everyone to care about it。每处改动对应三改法的一个动作，不跳步。 12. 限定四档 (1) 范围：in most cases、most heritage sites、some aged buildings。 (2) 程度：to some extent、partly、relatively。 (3) 频率：usually、often、generally。 (4) 证据可靠度：as far as local records show、according to the 2025 conservation report。 示范： In most cases, restoration costs less than reconstruction and keeps original materials. To some extent, modern facilities improve visitor experience, but they should not replace historic structures. Usually, community-led repair lasts longer because local users monitor maintenance. As far as the 2025 conservation report shows, adaptive reuse has returned several at-risk buildings to productive use. 来源：Historic England, Heritage at Risk Register 2025. 限定四档的作用：把绝对断言换成有条件的判断。In most cases 承认例外存在，但主句立场不变；to some extent 承认对方一部分合理，但后面用 but 回主张；usually 承认不是所有情况都如此；as far as…shows 把证据来源与判断绑定。四种限定都在“保住立场 + 留出边界”之间平衡。 13. 让步—反驳 模板：It is true that… However, compared with… Take…as an example… Therefore… 示例： It is true that some people prefer new libraries. However, compared with a new concrete building, the old reading hall preserves a quieter scholarly atmosphere and original wooden shelves. Take the 1920s catalogue room as an example: it still holds local archives that new buildings cannot reproduce. Therefore, renewal rather than replacement is preferable. 常见错误： (1) It is true that…后连写两句以上退让，However 后无反驳。 (2) 限定词后没有主句立场，如 Maybe we should protect heritage. (3) 比较对象后没有评价维度，如 Compared with new buildings, old buildings are old. 让步—反驳的操作要点：让步一句，写明对方的合理之处；However 后立刻回主张，不再展开；Take…as an example 带证据；Therefore 收结果。四步一句不多，一句不少。 14. 倡议书结构模板 Dear ______, I am writing to call for ______ rather than ______. It is true that ______; however, ______. Compared with ______, ______ retains ______ that ______ cannot offer. Take ______ as an example: ______. Therefore, ______ not only ______ but also ______. In most cases, ______. I propose that ______. I hope everyone will support ______. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 15. 文化遗产子题素材库 (1) 适应性再利用：old cinema、old factory、old railway station。 (2) 风险名录与修缮：at-risk register、repair grants、heritage at risk。 (3) 遗产影响评估：impact assessment、advisory mission、conservation plan。 (4) 数字遗产：heritage atlas、digital archive、online exhibition。 (5) 社区主导修缮：community-led repair、local participation、oral history。 (6) 灾前数字存档：pre-disaster documentation、reactive reconstruction、future repair。 学生写倡议书时从六个子题中任选一个，按三环论证链展开。选子题不是选素材堆砌，而是选一个可比较、可证据、可结果的场景。 三、高频易错速查表 易错类型 判定信号 处理 本讲证据/例句 空喊重要 important、meaningful、valuable 高频，无比较、无事例 补 Compared with…；补 memory/irreversibility/identity Compared with modern flats, old buildings retain neighbourhood memory. 伪证据 The Great Wall is famous；Culture is great 换本地案例、时间跨度、参观人数、修缮前后对比；标出处年份 Rockingham Kiln removed from at-risk register, 2024–2025. 来源：Historic England 2025。 比较维度错位 Compared with new buildings, old ones are old and ugly 比较对象后必须跟评价维度 Compared with new flats, old buildings retain irreplaceable craftsmanship. 绝对化 all、every、must、always、nobody 用 in most cases、to some extent、usually、as far as investigations show In most cases, restoration is preferable. 让步冗长 It is true that…后两句以上退让，再无反驳 一句让步，However 后直接回主张与证据 It is true that smart facilities help; however, cultural memory also matters. 限定含糊 maybe、perhaps、I think 后无明确主张 限定词后必须跟主句立场 In most cases, restoration is preferable. 四、课堂实战 A 基础过关·改一句 原句：We must protect every old house because it is important. 要求：加比较、证据、结果、限定。 参考： In most cases, old houses in this district are worth preserving. Compared with new residential blocks, they carry family memory and local building skills. Take No.12 Lane as an example: the timber frames have lasted over ninety years and now house a community museum. Therefore, careful renovation not only keeps history but also provides public space. B 能力提升·改一段 原文：Old streets are nice. Some people want to build new shops. We should keep them because they are beautiful. 要求：含比较参照、评价维度、证据、结果、限定词。 参考： Some people plan to replace the old streets with new shops. However, I believe the old streets are worth keeping. Compared with modern commercial blocks, these streets hold neighbourhood memory that new malls cannot offer. Take the row of timber houses as an example: they have served local families for generations, and the small craft shops still use tools from the early 1900s. Therefore, keeping the streets not only protects local identity but also attracts cultural tourists. In most cases, selective renewal—not full demolition—preserves both history and business. I hope more residents will support this plan. C 高考冲刺·写倡议书片段 情境：某校图书馆拟拆除 1930 年代旧阅览厅建智能机房。以学生身份写倡议书，呼吁保留并改造旧阅览厅。 参考： Dear Principal and fellow students, I am writing to call for the renewal rather than demolition of the 1930s reading hall. Compared with a newly built smart computer room, the old hall retains original wooden shelves, stained-glass windows and a quiet scholarly atmosphere that a modern lab cannot reproduce. It is true that smart facilities improve digital learning; however, cultural memory also matters. Take the archive corner as an example: since 1932, it has stored school yearbooks, local newspapers and students’ handwritten essays, and last year over 1,200 readers used the collection for research. Therefore, preserving the hall not only protects our institutional history but also provides a calm space for deep reading. In most cases, keeping the original structure and adding power, lighting and search terminals costs less than full reconstruction. I propose that we set up a student heritage committee, open the archive on weekends and invite old teachers to record oral history. I hope everyone will support a reading hall that serves both memory and modern study. Yours sincerely, Li Hua D 易混辨析·综合修改＋反命题检验 1. 下面证据最可用于“保留老剧场”倡议的是 A. The theatre has operated since 1925, staged local operas for three generations, and attracted 40,000 visitors in 2025. B. The theatre is very famous. C. Old buildings are important. D. Culture is valuable to everyone. 答案：A 解析：A 含起始时间、本土艺术、代际、年度访客数，可反命题检验；B、C、D 可套所有遗产，属伪证据。 2. 下面比较句维度正确的是 A. Compared with new buildings, old buildings are old. B. Compared with new flats, old buildings are more historical. C. Compared with new buildings, old buildings look different. D. Compared with new flats, old buildings retain neighbourhood memory and irreplaceable craftsmanship. 答案：D 解析：memory 与 craftsmanship 为评价维度；A、C 仅属性重复，B historical 偏笼统。 3. 需限定修改的句子是“All heritage sites must be kept exactly as they were.”最佳改为 A. All heritage sites must be kept exactly. B. In most cases, heritage sites should be conserved with original materials, though some structural safety changes are acceptable. C. Maybe we should protect heritage. D. I think all sites are perfect. 答案：B 解析：范围限定 in most cases，立场明确；安全例外形成边界；C 含糊，A、D 仍绝对或无效。 4. 下面限定后跟明确主张的是 A. Maybe we should protect heritage. B. I think all sites are perfect. C. In most cases, restoration is preferable. D. Perhaps old buildings are good. 答案：C 解析：限定词后必须跟主句立场；A、D 只有含糊态度，B 仍绝对。 5. 综合修改：将下面一段改为含比较参照、可核验证据、明确结果、让步—反驳、限定表达的倡议书片段。 原段：Old streets are nice. Some people want to build new shops. We should keep them because they are beautiful. 参考： Some people plan to replace the old streets with new shops. However, I believe the old streets are worth keeping. Compared with modern commercial blocks, these streets hold neighbourhood memory that new malls cannot offer. Take the row of timber houses as an example: they have served local families for generations, and the small craft shops still use tools from the early 1900s. Therefore, keeping the streets not only protects local identity but also attracts cultural tourists. In most cases, selective renewal—not full demolition—preserves both history and business. I hope more residents will support this plan. 解析：比较参照为 modern commercial blocks；评价维度为 neighbourhood memory；证据含时间与代际；结果为 protects local identity + attracts cultural tourists；限定为 In most cases；让步—反驳为 However...。 五、课堂小结 三环一链：比较参照 → 证据可验 → 结果回扣。 三改顺序：内容 → 结构 → 语言。 四档限定：范围、程度、频率、可靠度。 让步一句：It is true that… However, compared with… Take… Therefore… 口诀：先比较，再证据，结果回扣不跑题；一让步，二反驳，限定词后立主张。 六、课后巩固 情境：学校拟将一座老粮仓改造为文创空间。写一封倡议书，呼吁保留并改造。 要求：80 词左右；含比较参照、一处校本证据、让步—反驳、具体行动、限定表达。 参考范文： Dear school leaders and fellow students, I am writing to call for the renewal of the old granary rather than its demolition. Compared with a newly built shopping centre, the granary keeps the memory of the town’s grain trade and its original brick walls. It is true that new shops may bring short-term profit; however, cultural memory also matters. Take the 1950s weighing room as an example: it still holds the old scales and records, and over 600 students visited it last term. Therefore, preserving the granary not only protects local identity but also provides a creative space for art and history. In most cases, adaptive reuse costs less than full reconstruction. I propose that we open a weekend heritage corner and invite old workers to record oral history. I hope everyone will support this plan. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $