Unit 5 Revealing nature(Word讲义)-【满分思维】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册学生用书（外研版）

Unit 5　Revealing nature 词句助读 课文 翻译助读 ①distant adj.遥远的,远处的 ②of all time有史以来 [1]此处是现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰a letter from his father。 ③in question 所讨论的;所提及的 ④be crowded with 堆满了;挤满了 ⑤come to exist开始存在;逐渐形成 ⑥adapt to适应;使适应于 ⑦inspire sb to do激励某人做……,鼓舞某人做…… ⑧evidence n.根据,证据;迹象 A Journey of Discovery The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant① countries yet little known”. The person who answered the call was not the captain’s first choice. It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree. What’s more, he had recently received a letter from his father [1]predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time②. The young man in question③, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments. After 发现之旅 “贝格尔号”的船长想招募一名船员,这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”。然而来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想人选。这个年轻人从医学院肄业,更重要的是,他最近收到了父亲的一封信,信中预测他将成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。尽管如此,他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。 我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和博物学家查尔斯·达尔文,他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。1831年,他搭乘“贝格尔号”从英格兰启程。这趟旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。在南美洲度过一段时间后,他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本 (续表) 词句助读 课文 翻译助读 [2]changing是现在分词作定语,修饰environments。 ⑨a variety of 各种各样的,多种的 ⑩a difference between ……之间的差异 finch n.雀科鸣禽 beak n.鸟嘴,喙 according to 根据,按照 particular adj.特定的;特别的 [3]强调句,强调这一分句的主语the birds。 suspect v.猜想;怀疑 a common ancestor 一个共同的祖先 over time 随着时间的推移;渐渐地 evolve into 进化成;演变为 the answer to……的答案;对……的回应 [4]which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a common ancestor。 a theory of evolution 进化论 cause a storm引起轩然大波,掀起风暴 lower forms of life较低级的生命形式,较低等的生命体 convincing adj.有说服力的,令人信服的 [5]这里使用的是“so…that…”句型,意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。 be regarded as 被视为,被认为是 begin with以……为开始;始于 [6]ever written是过去分词短语作名词works的后置定语 Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with④ samples of the plants and animals he had collected. As he studied these, he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist⑤? At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since. But Darwin began to think differently. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other. Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to⑥ their [2]changing environments? It was just an idea, but enough to inspire Darwin to look for⑦ more evidence⑧. When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of ⑨ new species, but [3]it was the birds that interested him the most. Darwin noticed that there was a difference between⑩ the finche on each of the islands. It seemed their beak had evolved according t what food was available on that particula island. Darwin suspecte that the finches had evolved from a common ancesto, [4]which had arrived on the islands a long time before. Over tim, it had slowly evolved int many new species. And that was the answer t how new species of plants and animals came to exist: they evolved from earlier ancestors. It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolutio. Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species. It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a stor. Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of lif. They were shocked. But Darwin’s scientific studies were [5]so convincin that more and more people started to believe his theory. Today, On the Origin of Species is regarded a one of the most important works [6]ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began wit the journey on the Beagle 当他研究这些时,他问了自己一个问题:不同的物种是如何产生的? 当时,人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的,并从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到,有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似。也许动物在适应变化的环境时发生了进化?虽然这只是一个设想,但足够鼓舞达尔文去寻求更多证据。 1835年,当“贝格尔号”到达加拉帕戈斯群岛时,达尔文看到了各种各样的新物种,但他最感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到,在群岛中的每一个小岛上,雀鸟之间有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据那个特定岛屿上可获取的食物进化而来的。 达尔文怀疑这些雀鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的,其祖先很久以前就来到了这片群岛。随着时间推移,慢慢进化成许多新的种类。于是,关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案:它们是从早期的祖先进化而来的。 这是一个全新的观点——进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中对此进行了解释。这本书直到1859年才出版,出版后立即引起轰动。很多人拒绝相信包括人在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们对此感到震惊。然而,达尔文的科学研究很有说服力,以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。 如今,《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。它彻底地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。而这一切都开始于“贝格尔号”的探索之旅 词句助读 课文 翻译助读 ①communicate with 与……交流;与……沟通 [1]be said to…表示“据说……”;to have visited是不定式完成时的形式,用于表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作 The Secret Language of Plants Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends. Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people. Alexander the Great and Marco Polo [1]were said to have visited such a tree in India. And in some modern stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with① animals and people 植物密语 会说话的植物一直是神话传说中的一大元素。在许多种文化中流传下来的故事里,会说话的树给予人们忠告和警示。据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾经在印度遇到过一棵这样的树。在一些现代故事——例如电影《阿凡达》——中,树可以与动物和人类沟通交流 (续表) 词句助读 课文 翻译助读 ②fantasy n.想象;幻想;虚构的事物 ③reveal vt.揭示;揭露 ④release vt.放出;释放 ⑤detect vt.发现;察觉 ⑥drive…away 赶走/驱散…… [2]这句话中,it作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。 ⑦indicate vt.表明;显示 ⑧drought n.干旱;旱灾 [3]indicating drought is arriving是现在分词短语作状语。 ⑨most surprisingly of all 最令人惊讶的是 ⑩in some ways在某些方面;从某种程度上说 be similar to与……相似 link…to…将……与……连接起来;使……与……相关联 prevent vt.预防;阻止,阻挡 [4]在这句话中,while作为连词使用,主要用来对比或对照两个不同的情况或事实。 [5]linked by cables and satellites是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰a worldwide network of computers。 [6]此处是“疑问词+to do”结构,在句中作名词性成分。这里是作learn的宾语。 [7]这里使用了enough…to do…的结构,表示“足够……以至于能做……” With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy②, new research has revealed③ something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all. [2]It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant releases④ tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help:“I’m being attacked!” When another bean plant detects⑤ the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away⑥. Others attract insects—the wasps! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides. More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chilli plants do this. They also “listen” to the noises from other plants. A chilli plant can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, [3]indicating⑦ drought⑧ is arriving. Most surprisingly of all⑨, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. It is in some ways⑩ similar t the Internet we use. [4]While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers [5]linked by cables and satellites, the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi. This fungal network links the roots of different plants t each other. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. For example, some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow. But just like our own Internet, the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime”. Plants can steal food from each other, or spread poisons to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn [6]how to create a “firewall” to help preven these attacks within the wood wide web. Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Who knows? Maybe one day [7]we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves 长期以来,我们一直认为会说话的植物是幻想,而新的研究揭示了一件令人惊讶的事情:植物间似乎确实可以交流。 一段时间以来,人们已经知道植物利用化学物质相互交流。当一株植物——比如豆科植物——被昆虫袭击时,就会发生这种情况。正遭受啃食的叶子会释放出微量的化学物质,这像是警示,抑或求救:“我被攻击了!”当另一株豆类植物察觉到附近受伤同伴释放的化学物质时,它自身便开始释放不同的化学物质,其中一些能驱赶昆虫,而另一些则会吸引另一种昆虫——黄蜂!黄蜂会杀死那些啃食豆类植物的昆虫。科学家希望能进一步了解这种植物警报系统,从而将其应用于不用使用农药的农作物的种植。 更不可思议的是,植物也能用声音交流。虽然人类听不到,但植物确实正在发出声音。有些植物通过根部发出声响,比如玉米和辣椒。它们还能“听见”其他植物发出的声响。由此,辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敌是友。还有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声,以示干旱就要来了。 最令人惊讶的是,植物有一个惊人的交流系统,可以把森林里几乎所有的植物联系起来。科学家们称之为“植物万维网”。在某种程度上,它很像人类使用的因特网。因特网是一个由电缆和卫星连接的全球计算机网络,而植物万维网是在地下通过真菌连接而成的。这个真菌网络将不同植物的根彼此连接,利用植物万维网,植物可以相互共享信息甚至食物。比如,某些松树会向松树幼苗输送养分,帮助它们生长。但是,像因特网一样,植物万维网也会发生“网络犯罪”。植物会偷取同伴的养分,或散播有毒物质攻击其他植物。也许未来某一天,科学家们会研究出建造“防火墙”的方法来阻止植物万维网中的这些攻击。 科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式的了解。谁知道呢?说不定哪一天,我们就能足够了解植物沟通的知识,从而亲自和植物“聊天”了 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $