Unit 3 Period Three Lesson 2 War on Plastic Packets(Word课后习题)【满分思维】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册学生用书（北师大版）

Period Three　Lesson 2 War on Plastic Packets ●Ⅰ 单词拼写(每小题1分,共4分) 1.Advanced 　　　　　　　(交通运输系统) technology has made long-distance travel more comfortable and accessible.  2.To achieve your goals, it’s important to set 　　　　　(现实的,实际的) expectations and work steadily towards them.  3.In China, it is rude to put the 　　　　　(筷子) straight into a bowl of rice.  4.The 　　　　　　(委员会) has organised a series of events and competitions for schoolchildren in the area.  ●Ⅱ 单句填空(每小题1.5分,共12分) 1.A simple and common method used by a 　　　　　　　(consume) is to complain directly to the store manager.  2.It’s suggested that we should visit fast food restaurants less often, since they are usually 　　　　　　(waste).  3.His kitchen is messy, with piles of 　　　　(dirt) dishes in the sink.  4.The sick patient 　　　　　　　(swallow) the medicine as the doctor had instructed to restore his health and get back to his normal life.　  5.Challenges often arise during complex projects, requiring 　　　　　　　　(innovation) solutions.  6.The aim of the festival is to increase 　　　　(aware) of Chinese culture.  7.Music is not simply a 　　　　　(collect) and arrangement of notes interpreted by musicians.  8.The average family in Europe throws as much as ￡3,000 worth of 　　　　(reuse) materials into dustbins each year.  ●Ⅲ 短语填空(每小题2分,共10分) 1.The Greens 　　　　　　　(出发) early in the morning and arrived at their destination before noon.  2.Most people who actively diet usually 　　　　　(以……告终) regaining weight when they stop the diet.  3.Supermarkets want to make sure that coconuts can be sent to the customers 　　　　　　　　　　　　(以最好的状态).  4.It will be hard to 　　　　　　　(废除) pollution if our attitude is not changed.  5.You need to 　　　　　　　　(意识到) the potential dangers and be prepared for them.  ●Ⅳ 句型训练(每小题3分,共6分) 1.When I think of the days 　　　　　　　　　　　　, I just get overjoyed. (定语从句)  当我想到我们一起度过的时光时,我就会感到很高兴。 2.I wonder if you could offer some guidance on how to choose the suitable courses, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  我想知道你是否可以就如何选择合适的课程提供一些指导,这样我就可以很容易地平衡我的专业和兴趣。 ●Ⅴ 阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A Chances are that you’ve heard the phrase “like a moth (飞蛾) to a fire”—and probably seen it in action at a nighttime campfire or barbecue, too. It turns out, however, this age-old saying may not be quite right. Rather than being attracted to light, moths’ tendency to fly towards brightness is a behavioural response to help them determine which way is up, suggests a new study published today in the journal Nature Communications. Unlike humans, most insects don’t have vestibule (前庭) systems to help them maintain direction in space. “But they do have a system that allows them to really quickly tell what’s bright and what’s dark, and give them feedback about the sky so that they can fly stably,” Sondhi, the leading researcher, says. “If they mess that up, they start crashing or they go too high and then they lose their speed.” What if the light is spread over a wide area rather than coming from a singular point? The researchers stretched a large white sheet across the theatre’s top and shot a UV light on it. “If the insects were truly attracted to the light, they should fly up towards it,” says Sam Fabian, a study co-author and insect researcher at Imperial College in London. “Instead, the insects flew straight through this illuminated (照明的) passage, flying how they would during the day.” The team then placed the sheet on the ground and shone the light on it, which is when something truly strange happened: “All these moths flying over it turned upside down and crashed out of the sky,” Fabian says. These behaviours suggest that artificial light can cause a mismatch between the insects’ sense of which way is up and the true direction. This behavioural natural ability could spell trouble for insects populations. Satellite data has revealed that the use of artificial light has skyrocketed over the past decade, with the world getting 2 percent brighter each year. Depending on how lights are used, their shine could catch insects in a tiring orbit, or send them falling to their death. (　)1.Why is the old saying mentioned at the beginning? A.To illustrate a common sense. B.To lead a new theory. C.To popularize a complex phrase. D.To present a reasonable argument. (　)2.How do the insects confirm their direction when flying? A.By flying over the tree tops. B.By keeping their speed stable. C.By approaching the position of light. D.By distinguishing the bright and dark. (　)3.What do Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly focus on? A.A detailed account of the research process. B.Simple clarification of the research results. C.Potential application of the research findings. D.Further explanation of the research conclusion. (　)4.What is the possible impact of artificial light on insects? A.It declines their chances of survival. B.It improves their ability to shine at night. C.It familiarizes insects with their flight orbit. D.It assists insects to maintain their sense of direction. B The Seine (塞纳河) runs through Paris. Its vital role in the city’s culture and economy will last longer than the Olympic games. During the opening ceremony on July 26th,2024, the Seine will be the stage and Paris the background. National teams will be on boats. The bridges, monuments and waterfront add charm to the French capital. The Seine has long sparked the imaginations of film-makers, painters, poets and writers. In his poem “Le Pont Mirabeau”—“The Mirabeau Bridge”, Guillaume Apollinaire compares the movement of the Seine to time and past love. Often the river is seen as a woman: “la” Seine in French, a charming woman. Many writers treat it as the essence of Paris. In The Masterpiece, a novel published in 1886, Emile Zola describes the “soul of the great city, rising from the waters”, which “wrapped” the lovers in his novel, Claude and Christine, in tenderness. Everyone who has heard of Paris knows the Seine, but not everyone is aware that it is also a working river. Albert Marquet, a French artist in the early 20th century, painted cargo ships (货船) loaded with coal, wood and wine that were parked along the Paris quays. Before the second world war, over three times more goods were transported along the Seine than the case today. But the flow is still impressive: 18 million tonnes of goods made their way by the river in 2023.　 However, different people who use the Seine today have conflicting expectations. For example, the City of Light draws tourists seeking for magic romance and delight from undamaged views. Too many massive and heavy cargo ships, speeding past Notre Dame or across the Pont des Arts, may demolish the splendid view. An ambitious expansion of river trade may cause conflicts between culture and commerce, attractiveness and function, and environmental conservation and economic revival. (　)5.Why does the author mention “Le Pont Mirabeau”? A.To tell how the Seine has inspired some poets. B.To introduce the poet—Guillaume Apollinaire. C.To show what beauty the Seine’s bridge displays. D.To promote the popularity of a poem—“The Mirabeau Bridge”. (　)6.What can we learn from the description of the Seine? A.The Seine no longer serves as a working river at present. B.The Seine is the source of literature and artistic creation in Paris. C.The expansion of river trade on the Seine revives the economy. D.The Seine will be entirely closed to cargo ships after the Olympics. (　)7.The underlined word “demolish” in Paragraph 4 probably means 　　　　.  A.highlight　　　　　　B.damage C.block D.boost (　)8.What is the main idea of the passage? A.The long and prosperous history of the Seine. B.An ambitious expansion of the trade on the Seine. C.The description of the Seine’s charming landscape scenery. D.The Seine’s importance in culture, economy and Olympics. ●Ⅵ 语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分) With the world’s population 1.　　　　　(grow), the only way to reduce the enormous greenhouse gas emissions from farming is to make food production ever more efficient. 2.　　　　　　(unfortunate), efficiency gains have stalled (停滞) since 2010, meaning farming emissions and deforestation could rise sharply as demand for food continues to grow.  Lin Ma at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shijiazhuang and his colleagues 3.　　　　 analysed existing data to estimate greenhouse gas emissions per unit of protein produced between 1961 and 2019 reached this 4.　　　　　　　(conclude). They chose protein rather than calories because it is a 5.　　　　(good) measure of food quality, says Ma.  Between 1961 and around 2010, emissions per unit of protein 6.　　　　　(fall) by two-thirds, the team found. But since then, there have been no further improvements and there are even some signs of 7.　　　　 increase. Farming is responsible 8.　　　　 around a third of all greenhouse gas emissions and demand for food is projected to rise by up to 50 percent by 2050. If the climate efficiency of farming is no longer improving, this means that emissions from farming will rise by 50 percent too, the researchers warn.  What’s more, if the efficiency of farming isn’t improving, the only way to increase production is 9.　　　　　　(clear) more land for farms, they say, leading to yet more deforestation and a 10.　　　　(lose) of biodiversity.  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Period Three　Lesson 2 War on Plastic Packets Ⅰ.1.transportation　2.realistic　3.chopsticks　4.council Ⅱ.1.consumer　2.wasteful　3.dirty　4.swallowed 5.innovative　6.awareness　7.collection　8.reusable Ⅲ.1.set out　2.end up　3.in the best condition　4.do away with　5.be aware of Ⅳ.1.(that/which) we spent together　2.so that I can easily balance my major with/and my interest Ⅴ.A 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究,说明了飞蛾对光的行为反应,以及人造光对昆虫可能造成的影响。 1.B　推理判断题。第一段“Chances are that you’ve heard the phrase ‘like a moth (飞蛾) to a fire’—and probably seen it in action at a nighttime campfire or barbecue, too.”(你可能听说过“飞蛾扑火”这个短语,也可能在晚上的篝火或烧烤中看到过它。)提到“飞蛾扑火”这个短语,由第二段“It turns out, however, this age-old saying may not be quite right. Rather than being attracted to light, moths’ tendency to fly towards brightness is a behavioural response to help them determine which way is up, suggests a new study published today in the journal Nature Communications.”(然而,事实证明,这句古老的谚语可能并不完全正确。今天发表在Nature Communications杂志上的一项新研究表明,飞蛾倾向于飞向明亮的地方,而不是被光线吸引,这是一种行为反应,可以帮助它们确定哪条路是向上的。)可知,第一段的写作目的是引出新的理论发现。故选B。 2.D　细节理解题。由第三段“But they do have a system that allows them to really quickly tell what’s bright and what’s dark, and give them feedback about the sky so that they can fly stably…”(但它们确实有一个系统,可以让它们非常迅速地分辨出什么是亮的,什么是暗的,并给它们关于天空的反馈,这样它们就可以稳定地飞行……)可知,昆虫飞行时通过分辨明亮和黑暗来确认方向,故选D。 3.A　段落大意题。根据第四段中“The researchers stretched a large white sheet across the theatre’s top and shot a UV light on it.”(研究人员在剧院顶部铺了一张白色的大床单,然后用紫外线照射。)和第五段中“The team then placed the sheet on the ground and shone the light on it, which is when something truly strange happened…”(然后,研究小组把床单放在地上,用灯照着它,就在这时,真正奇怪的事情发生了……)可知,这两段主要呈现的是实验过程。故选A。 4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Depending on how lights are used, their shine could catch insects in a tiring orbit, or send them falling to their death.”(根据灯光的使用方式,它们的光芒可能会使昆虫陷入疲惫的轨道,或者使它们陷入死亡。)可知,人造光的使用可能降低它们的生存机会。故选A。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了塞纳河在巴黎的文化和经济方面至关重要,其影响比奥运会持久,但如今不同的使用者对其的期望产生冲突,扩大河流贸易可能引发诸多矛盾。 5.A　推理判断题。根据第二段“The Seine has long sparked the imaginations of film-makers, painters, poets and writers. In his poem ‘Le Pont Mirabeau’—‘The Mirabeau Bridge’, Guillaume Apollinaire compares the movement of the Seine to time and past love.”(塞纳河一直激发着电影制作人、画家、诗人和作家的想象力。纪尧姆·阿波利奈尔在他的诗《米拉波桥》中把塞纳河的流动比作时间和逝去的爱情。)可知,提到“米拉波桥”是为了介绍塞纳河如何启发了一些诗人。故选A。 6.B　细节理解题。根据第二段“The Seine has long sparked the imaginations of film-makers, painters, poets and writers.”以及“Many writers treat it as the essence of Paris.”可知,塞纳河是巴黎文学艺术创作的源泉。故选B。 7.B　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Too many massive and heavy cargo ships, speeding past Notre Dame or across the Pont des Arts, may…”(太多的大型货船从巴黎圣母院飞驰而过或穿过艺术桥,可能会……)可知,上文提到太多的大型货船从巴黎圣母院飞驰而过或穿过艺术桥,这可能会破坏塞纳河的景色。故画线词意为“破坏”。故选B。 8.D　主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Seine (塞纳河) runs through Paris. Its vital role in the city’s culture and economy will last longer than the Olympic games. During the opening ceremony on July 26th,2024, the Seine will be the stage and Paris the background. National teams will be on boats. The bridges, monuments and waterfront add charm to the French capital.”(塞纳河流经巴黎。它在这座城市的文化和经济中的重要作用将比奥运会持续的时间更长。在2024年7月26日的开幕式上,塞纳河将成为舞台,巴黎将成为背景。国家队将在船上。桥梁、纪念碑和滨水区为法国首都增添了魅力。)可知,这篇文章的主旨是塞纳河在文化、经济和奥运会上的重要性。故选D。 Ⅵ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着世界人口的增长,减少农业温室气体排放的重要性以及当前面临的挑战。 1.growing　考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构在句中作状语,表示“随着世界人口的增长”,the world’s population和grow之间是主动关系,所以应用现在分词形式。故填growing。 2.Unfortunately　考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词修饰整个句子,在句中作状语,unfortunate的副词是unfortunately,意为“不幸地”。故填Unfortunately。 3.who/that　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,先行词为Lin Ma 和his colleagues,指人,从句缺少主语,应用关系代词who/that作引导词。故填who/that。 4.conclusion　考查名词。空处作reached的宾语,应为名词形式,conclude的名词为conclusion,意为“结论”,this修饰名词单数形式。故填conclusion。 5.better　考查形容词比较级。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰名词measure,应为形容词,根据语境和句意可知,此处表示“更好的标准”,所以应用good的比较级better。故填better。 6.fell　考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,此处为句子的谓语动词,根据时间状语between 1961 and around 2010可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,所以应用一般过去时。故填fell。 7.an　考查冠词。increase为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且increase的发音以元音音素开头,需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 8.for　考查介词。be responsible for为固定短语,意为“对……负责”。故填for。 9.to clear　考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作表语,说明主句主语的具体内容。故填to clear。 10.loss　考查名词。前面有冠词a,故此处用名词形式。故填loss。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $