Unit 2 Period Five Grammar(PPT课件)-【满分思维】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册配套课件（北师大版）

Period Five Grammar 1 语法探究 语法归纳一 语法归纳二 课后习题 2 阅读以下有关“成功”的小短文，感知加黑部分，并回答其后的问题。 ①Achieving success is a goal that many people strive for. What really matters in the journey towards success is constantly ②acquiring new skills and knowledge, which can broaden our horizons and open up more opportunities for us. The path ③ leading to success is often filled with various challenges, demanding that we keep ④pushing ourselves forward. We should never stop trying, ⑤believing that we are getting closer to achieving our dreams with every step we take. 语 法 探 究 3 【自主发现】 以上语段中，黑体部分均为动词_____形式短语。其中①在句中作 ______；②在句中作______；③在句中作______，修饰名词path； ④在句中作______；⑤在句中作______。 -ing 主语 表语 定语 宾语 状语 语 法 探 究 4 动词-ing形式 动词-ing形式可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语 和补语。 一、动词-ing形式作主语 1.动词-ing形式作主语时常放于句首,被动形式为being done, 谓语动 词通常用单数形式。如: 语 法 归 纳 一 5 Learning to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. 学会批判性地思考是当今孩子们在未来需要的一项重要技能。 Being treated as a child is what I dislike most. 我最不喜欢被当作孩子对待。 语 法 归 纳 一 6 2.不定式和动词-ing形式都可以作主语,但有区别: 动词-ing形式表示一般性的、泛指的或者具体发生过的动作或状态, 而不定式则表示一次性的或未完成的动作,或者用于某些与形容词搭 配形成的句型中。如: 语 法 归 纳 一 7 Driving a car on crowded roads during the rush hour is tiring. 在交通高峰期的繁忙路段开车令人疲劳。 To finish the tough task will take a long time. 要完成这项棘手的任务将要花费很长时间。 It is bad for your health to swim in this polluted river. 在这条被污染了的河里游泳对你的健康不利。 语 法 归 纳 一 8 3.动词-ing形式作主语有两种形式: (1)大部分动词-ing形式直接置于句首主语的位置上。如: Playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 捉弄别人是我们万万不应该做的事情。 (2)在某些句型中,习惯上用形式主语it,把真正的主语——动词-ing结 构放到句尾。如: It's worth making the effort to make the attempt. 努力做这个尝试是值得的。 语 法 归 纳 一 9 4.当动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语时,其逻辑主语由形容词性物主 代词和名词所有格构成。如: My sister's being ill suddenly made me worried from the bottom of my heart. 我姐姐突然生病，使我从内心深处感到担忧。 Their coming to help was a big encouragement to us. 他们来帮忙对我们是极大的鼓励。 语 法 归 纳 一 10 二、动词-ing形式作宾语 1.常接动名词作宾语的动词(短语),巧记如下: “考虑建议盼原谅”: consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; “承认推迟想不想”: admit, delay/put off, fancy; “避免错过继续练”: avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise; “否认完成停止赏”: deny, finish, stop, enjoy/appreciate; “不禁介意准逃亡”: can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape; “不准冒险凭想象”: forbid, risk, imagine。 语 法 归 纳 一 11 2.常见固定句型 (1)have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time/a good time/fun(+in)+doing sth 做某事有困难/有麻烦/有问题/受罪/开心 (2)spend/waste/lose time (in) doing sth 花费/浪费/耽误时间做某事 语 法 归 纳 一 12 3.有些动词既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但在 语义上却有很大的差别。 go on to do sth接着做另一件事 go on doing sth继续做同一件事 remember to do sth记得要去做某事 remember doing sth记得曾做过某事 try to do sth努力做某事 try doing sth尝试做某事 regret to do sth对将要做的事表示遗憾 语 法 归 纳 一 13 regret doing sth对做过的事表示后悔 mean to do sth打算/想做某事 mean doing sth意味着做某事 4.动词-ing形式作介词的宾语。如: After taking careful aim, he let the arrow fly. 仔细瞄准后,他把箭射了出去。 语 法 归 纳 一 14 三、动词-ing形式作表语 1.动词-ing形式作表语, 表示抽象的一般性的行为;而不定式作表语一 般表示具体的动作, 特别是表示将来的动作。如: His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是集邮。 The purpose of a CV is to reveal your achievements and qualifications to a potential employer. 简历的目的是向潜在雇主展示你的成就和学历。 语 法 归 纳 一 15 2.表心理状态的interesting, exciting, disappointing, worrying, puzzling, satisfying, surprising, pleasing等作表语时,表示客观上“令 人……的”;而interested, excited, disappointed, worried, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, pleased等作表语时,表示主观上“感到……的”。 如: Travelling is interesting but tiring. 旅游是有趣的也是累人的。 When the little girl opened the box, she was disappointed to find there was nothing in it. 当小女孩打开盒子时，她失望地发现里面什么都没有。 语 法 归 纳 一 16 四、动词-ing形式作定语 1.现在分词作定语,表示中心词是该动词的动作发出者,此时的现在分 词充当形容词的作用,用来修饰中心词。如: We see the rising sun every morning. 每天早晨我们都可以看见东升的旭日。 语 法 归 纳 一 17 2.现在分词短语作定语时放在中心词后面,可以转化为一个定语从句。 如: During the tour, first you should drive along the new highway connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca. (=During the tour, first you should drive along the new highway which connects Cusco to Lake Titicaca.) 在旅行期间,首先你应该沿着连接库斯科和的的喀喀湖的新公路开车。 语 法 归 纳 一 18 五、动词-ing形式作状语 1.现在分词(短语)在句中作状语,可表示时间、条件、原因、结果、方 式或伴随,其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致。如： Holding my hands, he said, “Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep writing.” (伴随状语) 他握着我的手说：“恭喜你！你是个好作家，继续写吧。” 语 法 归 纳 一 19 2.从分词的时间意义上看,现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词 表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。现在分词的完成式表示的动 作先于谓语动词的动作发生。如： Having visited Paris several times over the last 8 years, I fell in love with its charming beauty and diverse culture. 在过去的8年里，我多次游览巴黎，爱上了它迷人的美丽和多元的文化。 语 法 归 纳 一 20 3.从语态意义上看,现在分词的主动语态往往表示主动的动作,它所修 饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者,其否定形式是在前面加not。 ［温馨提示］现在分词(短语)作结果状语时,一般表示“顺理成章”的结 果;如表示“意料之外”或“不愉快”的结果,一般应使用不定式短语only to do的形式。 语 法 归 纳 一 21 六、动词-ing形式作补语 1.动词-ing形式作宾补 能用动词-ing形式作宾补的两类动词: ①感官动词+宾语+现在分词,现在分词作宾补,表示动作正在进行。 常见的感官动词有:see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe等。 如: He found himself trying to collect all the stamps issued on that particular day. 他发现自己在努力收集那天发行的所有邮票。 语 法 归 纳 一 22 ②使役动词+宾语+现在分词,现在分词作宾补,表示动作正在进行。 常见的使役动词有:have, keep, leave, get, catch等。如: The farmers had the tractor working day and night at harvest time. 农民们让拖拉机在收割时节昼夜不停地工作。 语 法 归 纳 一 23 2.动词-ing形式作主补 现在分词在主动语态的句子中作宾补,在被动语态的句子中作主补。如: She was found wandering aimlessly along the street on a cold winter night. 在一个寒冷的冬夜,有人发现她在街上漫无目的地闲逛。 语 法 归 纳 一 24 【实战演练】 Ⅰ用所给词的适当形式填空 1.I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not ________(stay) out with my friends too late. staying 2.Though overtourism is described as a problem _________(affect) the entire world, it's actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. affecting 3.Despite the clear instructions, she was still ________(puzzle) about how to assemble the furniture. puzzled 语 法 归 纳 一 25 4.The worker was dismissed from the factory when he was caught ________(steal) bicycle parts. 5.______________(praise) by his teachers made him regain the confidence. 6.The movie features a funny and heart-warming story, __________(attract) both children and adults. 7.Your _______(be) right about the maths problem helped the entire class understand the concept better. stealing Being praised attracting being 语 法 归 纳 一 26 8.His goal was _________(score) the winning point in the basketball game, and he practised shooting for hours every day. to score 9.After I arrived in America, I found myself ______(live) in a completely foreign culture and had difficulty _________(adapt) to my new environment. living adapting 10.___________(consist) of fresh vegetables, noodles and a special sauce, the dish enjoys wide popularity in Guangzhou. Consisting 11.There is a serious division between the rich and the poor in that country, so it is urgent _________(solve) it as soon as possible. to solve 语 法 归 纳 一 27 12.It is _____________(encourage) to witness the progress in medical research that offers hope for curing diseases. encouraging 语 法 归 纳 一 28 Ⅱ句型训练 1.I sat in the classroom, ___________________________ (想知道我可以做什么) to get my lost book back. wondering what I could do 2.I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, _________________________(却只读到这 条信息):“Out of order. Sorry.” only to read the message 3.She tried her best to ______________________(避免受到影响) by negative opinions and focused on her own beliefs and values. avoid being influenced 语 法 归 纳 一 29 4.Flushed with embarrassment, he made a sincere apology to me, “Sorry, I didn't mean _____________(对你撒谎).” 5.It __________________________________(责备任何人都没有用), and we should do something to make up for the loss. to lie to you is no use blaming anyone/anybody 语 法 归 纳 一 30 冠词 一、不定冠词的使用规则 1.“a/an+可数名词单数”泛指某一人或某一物。如: I met a friend of yours today as I hurried off to work. 今天我匆忙去上班时遇到了你的一位朋友。 Being offered a scholarship to study abroad is an opportunity to broaden one's horizons and immerse oneself in a new culture. 获得奖学金出国留学是一个开阔视野、沉浸在新文化中的机会。 语 法 归 纳 二 31 2.序数词前面加不定冠词a/an表示“再一,又一”。 如: She didn't like the colours of the two bags and asked for a third one. 她不喜欢这两个包的颜色,又要了一个。 3.不定冠词a/an用在姓氏和星期名称前表示“某一个,有一个”;也可指 与某人或某物有类似性质的人或事物,相当于a certain。如: A Mr Li is waiting for you. He seems to be very anxious. 有一位李先生在等你。他似乎很焦急。 语 法 归 纳 二 32 4.不定冠词a/an用在某些抽象名词和物质名词前,表示“一种,一件,一个” 等。如: What a lovely surprise to see you again! 再次见到你是一件多么令人惊喜的事情啊! 5.用于固定短语中。如: have a gift for有……的天赋; get a lift/ride搭便车; pay a visit to 参观; lend sb a hand帮助某人; as a result因此; as a rule通常; in a hurry匆忙地; all of a sudden突然。 语 法 归 纳 二 33 二、定冠词的使用规则 1.用于表示特指的名词前。如: The car parked outside belongs to Mr Robert. 停在外面的那辆车属于罗伯特先生。 2.用于姓氏名称的复数前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。 如: The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours. 史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。 语 法 归 纳 二 34 3.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象前。如: The moon travels around the earth. 月亮围着地球转。 ［温馨提示］但这些名词前若有形容词修饰,可以与不定冠词连用, 如:a bright moon一轮明月。另外某些物体虽然也是独一无二的,但 习惯上不用冠词,如:space太空, nature自然, man人类等。 语 法 归 纳 二 35 4.用在序数词和最高级前。如: He was the first to speak against the new plan. 他是第一个发言反对这项新计划的人。 Elizabeth Bennet was regarded as the most beautiful young lady in the neighbourhood. 伊丽莎白·班纳特被认为是附近最漂亮的年轻女士。 5.用于表示方位、西洋乐器等名词前。如: As far as I know, he likes playing the piano. 据我所知,他喜欢弹钢琴。 语 法 归 纳 二 36 6.用于表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。如: in the 1980s在20世纪80年代 7.用于固定搭配中。如: at the moment此刻,目前; in the end最后,最终; to tell the truth说实话; on the other hand另一方面; by the way顺便说一下; at the same time同时; on the contrary相反; on the whole总的来说; go to the cinema/theatre去看电影。 语 法 归 纳 二 37 三、零冠词的使用规则 1.物质名词和抽象名词都是不可数名词,泛指总称时不用冠词。如: Wealth does not always bring happiness. 财富并不总是带来幸福。 2.表示职位、身份、头衔的名词作表语、补语和同位语。如: The professor was assigned headmaster of the school. 这位教授被任命为这所学校的校长。 语 法 归 纳 二 38 3.高考中常见的纯不可数名词,不能与不定冠词连用。 这些词有:baggage, luggage, furniture, health, fun, space (太空), advice, word(=news), progress, information, luck, wealth (财产)等。 4.在一些习语中常使用零冠词。如: at table在吃饭; on purpose故意; lose face丢脸; within reach of 在……附近; in case of假如,万一。 语 法 归 纳 二 39 【实战演练】 单句填空 1.The teacher praised me for ____ progress I'd made, which was ___ great encouragement to me. 2.The farm lies in the western suburb of the city, covering ____ area of about 10 acres. the a an 3.On the stage, he is a Chinese bamboo flute performer. Offstage, he teaches how to play ____ musical instrument at Guangxi Arts University. the 语 法 归 纳 二 40 4.It was ___ blessing that I was surrounded by kids who had a dream and refused to give up. a 5.University is ____ most worthwhile time of discovery and learning, and it is also ___ very enjoyable and valuable experience for every one of us. the a 6.It is not a problem whether we can win the battle; it's just ___ matter of time. a 语 法 归 纳 二 41 7.The online school provides ____ efficient platform for the young to train themselves. 8.It is wrong for the factory to aim at sheer quantity at ____ expense of quality. an the 语 法 归 纳 二 42 课 后 习 题 43 语法专练——v.-ing形式 Ⅰ单句填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1.Planning ahead barely _______(make) any sense—because many things will have changed by next year. makes 2.I remember ____________(take) to the zoo by my mother when I was a child. being taken 3.____________(develop) a good habit can help improve your academic level. Developing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 44 4.Would you mind __________(remove) the furniture from the room before we start painting? removing 5.___________(expand) your knowledge by reading the encyclopaedia is a wise choice. Expanding 6.We were all very ___________ at the news. I found it very ___________. (astonish) astonished astonishing 7.______________(push) out of your comfort zone may bring you a fresh new life. Being pushed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 45 8.Her job is ________________(keep) the lecture hall as clean as possible. keeping/to keep 9.It is __________(annoy) that all my belongings have been stolen on the train. annoying 10.His goal was ____________(advocate) better environmental policies that would benefit future generations on behalf of the community. to advocate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 46 Ⅱ语法+写作(每小题3分，共15分) 1.______________________ with all her might, she raised it above her head, making herself look like a fighter with a weapon. 她用尽全力捡起树枝，把它举过头顶，让自己看起来像个拿着武器 的战士。 Picking up the branch 2.In my opinion, ______________________________ isn't equal to __________________. 在我看来,挣一大笔钱并不等于过上幸福的生活。 earning a large sum of money living a happy life 1 2 3 4 5 课 后 习 题 47 3.To avoid __________________________, Tom got into the classroom from the back door quietly. 为了避免被老师看见,汤姆悄悄地从后门进了教室。 being seen by the teacher 4.Wide-eyed, I watched Lauren _____________________________ and my heart beat wildly. 我睁大眼睛看着劳伦在球场上热身，我的心跳得很厉害。 doing a warm-up in the court 5.I handed him the envelope _____________________ I owed him, along with some extra money to show my appreciation. 我把信封递给他，信封里装着我欠他的钱，还有一些额外的钱以表 达我的感激之情。 containing the money 1 2 3 4 5 课 后 习 题 48 词法专练——冠词 Ⅲ单句填空(每小题1.5分，共12分) 1.Christmas is ___ special holiday when ____ whole family are supposed to get together. a the 2.While you're in China, Huangshan Mountain is ___ must to visit! a 3._____ Lincolns were excited to receive an invitation to the charity event, where they would have the opportunity to meet some influential figures. The 4.Handwriting is ____ important skill that goes beyond communication. an 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 49 5.The organization is guided by ___ series of principles that promote sustainability, integrity, and community engagement. a 6.And without courage, we'll never step into ____ unknown. the 7.At this point, however, the unique culture that produced these man-made objects remains ___ mystery. a 8.My neighbour asked me to go for ___ walk, but I don't think I've got ____ energy. a the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 50 Ⅳ语法+写作(用冠词)(每小题3分，共12分) 1.Located in Tongzhou District, Universal Beijing Resort is ______________________, featuring seven major theme areas. 北京环球度假区位于通州区，是一个大型游乐园，有七个主要主题区。 a big amusement park 2.Tom felt __________________—disappointment for not winning, but also a sense of pride in helping Ed do the right thing. 汤姆有一种复杂的情绪——对没有获胜感到失望，但也为帮助埃德 做了正确的事而感到自豪。 a mix of emotions 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 51 3.It's normal for ___________________________________________ ___. 一个老人在这样的长途旅行后感到疲劳是很正常的。 an old man to feel tired after such a long trip 4.They sent me ________________________ saying I could take a friend to the party. 他们给我发了一张请帖,附有一个便条,上面写着我可以带一个朋友去 参加聚会。 an invitation with a note 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 52 Ⅴ阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A Schmidt's interest in pain started quite unexpectedly when he was studying for his PhD at the University of Georgia. As a chemist, he was eager to find exciting projects related to insects in the field of chemistry. One day, a harvester ant stung him, leading him on a path to discover the science behind venom (毒液) and pain. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 53 To understand more, Schmidt collected venom from hundreds of ants and compared it with venom from other ants. He tested many different types of ants, allowing them to sting him, and then rated his pain on a scale of one to four. Over the course of 35 years, he was stung by 150 different species of insects. In 1983, he created the Schmidt Index, which ranks the pain of stings from 78 insects on a scale from one (mild) to four (severe). The honey bee was given a rating of two because most people could relate to the feeling of a bee sting. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 54 “The good news is that there aren't many insects with a rating of four,” said Schmidt. “Out of the 80 or so insects I've studied, only three have a four rating.” Schmidt's list was not just for fun; it was a tool to help understand why some insects need to cause pain. Solitary (独居的) insects, which live alone, tend to have a less painful sting than those that live in complex colonies. Many insects sting to protect their colonies, which may include helpless eggs, young insects, and workers. Since solitary insects have little to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 defend, their stings are usually less painful. From this, Schmidt believed that stings helped insects get more food, which in turn helped them build social structures. For Schmidt, pain is a valuable guide. “Pain is an amazing feeling,” he said. “I see it as the body's way of keeping us safe.” It warns us that something might be wrong or that damage is happening or could happen. But pain itself is not damage; it's just a warning. “If all the insects on Earth disappeared, life would soon become impossible,” Schmidt added. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了化学家施密特探索 毒液和疼痛背后的科学的相关研究。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 57 ( )1.What can we learn about Schmidt from the first paragraph? A.He was fascinated by bees since he was little. B.He finally became a chemist after doing his research. C.He found his project by coincidence. D.His childhood experience set him off on his academic research. [解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中“One day, a harvester ant stung him, leading him on a path to discover the science behind venom (毒液) and pain.”(一天，一只收获蚁蜇了他，带领 他踏上了探索毒液和疼痛背后的科学之路。)可知，施密特是在偶然 的机会下踏上了探索毒液和疼痛背后的科学之路，故选C。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 58 ( )2.Why does the writer mention the honey bee in Paragraph 2? A.To give an example of his scale. B.To explore why causing pain is more necessary. C.To rate his severe pain. D.To tell us what a bee sting feels like. [解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Over the course of 35 years, he was stung by 150 different species of insects. In 1983, he created the Schmidt Index, which ranks the pain of stings from √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 59 78 insects on a scale from one (mild) to four (severe). The honey bee was given a rating of two because most people could relate to the feeling of a bee sting.”［在35年的时间里，他 被150种不同的昆虫蜇伤。1983年，他创建了施密特指数，将78种昆 虫蜇伤的疼痛按1(轻微)到4(严重)进行排名。蜜蜂被排到了第2，因为 大多数人都能体会到蜜蜂蜇人的感觉。］可知，施密特被150种不同 的昆虫蜇伤，并将78种昆虫蜇伤的疼痛进行排名，后文提到被蜜蜂 蜇伤的疼痛指数是为了对他的研究范围进行举例，故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 ( )3.What do you know about stings according to Schmidt's research? A.Solitary insects' stings are severer. B.Most insects can cause severe pain. C.Insects sting because they have to protect a colony. D.Stings are necessary for insects to survive and develop. √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 61 [解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Many insects sting to protect their colonies, which may include helpless eggs, young insects, and workers. Since solitary insects have little to defend, their stings are usually less painful. From this, Schmidt believed that stings helped insects get more food, which in turn helped them build social structures.”(许多昆虫蜇人是为了保护它们的种群，其中 可能包括无助的卵、幼虫和工虫。因为独居的昆虫没有什么需要保 护的，所以它们的叮咬通常不那么痛。由此，施密特认为，叮咬可 以帮助昆虫获得更多的食物，从而帮助它们建立社会结构。)可推知， 叮咬是昆虫生存和发展所必需的，故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 62 ( )4.Why is pain amazing according to Schmidt? A.People like to feel pain sometimes. B.Pain warns us of potential danger. C.Severe pain can keep people out of trouble. D.Pain causes damage. √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 63 [解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘I see it as the body's way of keeping us safe.’ It warns us that something might be wrong or that damage is happening or could happen.”(“我认为这是身体 保护我们的安全的方式。”它警告我们可能出了问题，或者损害正在 发生或可能发生。)可知，施密特认为疼痛令人惊奇是因为它提醒我 们注意潜在的危险，故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 64 B In today's motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett—“Fail again. Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory. However, psychological researchers find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively. In other words, we fail to “fail 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 65 forward”. We find ways to devalue the task in which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”, which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad. Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism (机制). “Most of us picture ourselves as able people, so when feedback from others suggests the opposite, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. “The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the outside signal, so we can keep a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing.” 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don't really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if you lose a singing contest. “We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’,” Sjastad says. It doesn't mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change if the process is no longer making us happy. But the “sour-grape effect” 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 may lead us to come to this decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve. Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, however, you may find it easier to achieve your goals. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。大多数人难以积极地应对失败,在 失败时会贬低自己的任务,缺乏动力去坚持原有的目标,这种心理现象 就是“酸葡萄效应”。但“酸葡萄效应”可能会产生负面影响,所以我们要 学会面对失败,这样我们才可能实现目标。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 69 ( )5.Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in Paragraph 1? A.To offer an approach to handling failure. B.To introduce a common attitude towards failure. C.To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure. D.To discuss the relationship between success and failure. √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 70 [解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In today's motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett—‘Fail again. Fail better.’”可知,作者提到有 感召力的演讲者引用的话是想证明如今的励志文学常常将失败视为 值得庆祝的事情,由此可推测出,作者想要介绍对待失败的普遍态度。 故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 71 ( )6.What can we learn from Paragraph 3 about the “sour- grape effect”? A.It does harm to our self-image. B.It pictures us as perfect people. C.It protects us from false feedback. D.It makes us refuse negative feedback to ourselves. √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 72 [解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Sjastad explains that ‘sour- grape effect’ is a self-protective mechanism (机制). ‘Most of us picture ourselves as able people, so when feedback from others suggests the opposite, it poses a serious threat to that self- image,’ he says.”和“The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the outside signal, so we can keep a positive sense of self.”可知,“酸葡萄效应”是一种自我保护机制,当外部反馈与自我形象 不一致时,我们就会否认或为这种外部信号辩解,从而保护自己。由此 可推测出,“酸葡萄效应”会让我们否认外界给我们的负面反馈。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 73 ( )7.What does the underlined word “prematurely” in Paragraph 5 mean? A.Hurriedly. B.Mistakenly. C.Unhappily. D.Carelessly. [解析] 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“…rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve.”可知,画线 词应与rather than后的内容相反,表示“酸葡萄效应”可能会导致我们 过早地做出不再坚持的决定,prematurely意为“过早地,仓促地”,与A项 “匆忙地,仓促地”意思最接近。故选A。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 74 ( )8.Which statement would the author most probably agree with? A.Get ready to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”. B.Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self. C.Don't quit when goals no longer make you happy. D.Don't escape when our self-image gets challenged. √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 75 [解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, however, you may find it easier to achieve your goals.”可知,作者在最后建议要学会面对失败带来的 失望,而不是贬低失败并假装一切都没发生过,这样会更加有助于实现 目标。由此可推测出,作者可能会赞同当我们的自我形象受到质疑时, 不要一味地逃避这一说法。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 76 $