专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，陕晋青宁专用）高二英语上学期

函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题02阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.C3.B4.A 主题语境02人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.D3.A 主题语境03人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.B 主题语境04人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.B 1/4 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 3 【答案】1.B2.B3.A4.A 主题语境05人与自然-环境 【答案】1.A2.B3.C4D 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.A2.C3.B4B 主题语境02人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 【答案】1.D2.D3.C4.A 主题语境03人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.A Passage 3 【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.D Passage 4 【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.C Passage 5 【答案】1.C2.A3.C4.A Passage 6 【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.A Passage 7 【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.A 2/4 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 8 【答案】1.D2.C3.A4B 主题语境04人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.A 主题语境05人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.B3.D4B Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.C3.C4.A Passage 3 【答案】1.B2.B3.C4D 主题语境06人与自然-环境 【答案】1.B2.A3.D4A 主题语境07人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.C 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A 主题语境02人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.A3.A4.C Passage 2 314 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.A 主题语境03人与自然-宇宙探索 【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.D 主题语境04人与自然-环境 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.D 主题语境05人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.C 414 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·宁夏青铜峡宁朔中学·期中）Yang zhou district now has its first A+ Intelligent Greenhouse Factory. This high-tech farm is a big step forward in modern agriculture. It costs 61 million yuan (about $8.39million) and covers an area of 17,000 square meters. In this greenhouse, leafy greens can grow in just 30 days, which is much faster than traditional farming. This method also produces eight times more vegetables. Thousands of sensors monitor the temperature and humidity (湿度) all the time. Smart systems automatically adjust the airflow and nutrient levels to ensure the best growing conditions.3-D farming technology makes better use of space, increasing land efficiency. Electric rail harvesting platforms lighten the workload by 60 percent, making the work much easier. The greenhouse also has a fish and plant zone with a natural nutrient system. What makes the zone special is that processed fish waste is transformed directly into plant nutrients, ensuring sustainable planting. To meet the greenhouse’ s daily electricity needs, the State Grid Haimen Supply Company equipped a 3.2-kilometer power line and a supply system. A specialized team conducts daily inspections and weekly maintenance on 58power units to ensure undisturbed operation. Soon, the factory will open a research and study base. It will offer immersive experiences such as VR-assisted plant cell observation in the ecological education zone. Additionally, its lab will produce virus-free strawberry seeds under a clean environment. These creations not only boost production but also promote sustainable and efficient farming practices. 1.How does the greenhouse improve the efficiency? A. By using traditional methods. B. By shortening the growth time. C. By observing temperature. D. By reducing the workload. 2.What is the feature of the fish and plant zone? A. It uses fish waste as plant nutrients. B. It requires a large number of nutrients. C. It relies on traditional farming skills. D. It focuses on growing strawberries. 3.What will the base offer when it opens? A. An about 3.2-kilometer power line. B. Daily inspections and maintenance. C. VR-assisted plant cell observation. D. Electric rail harvesting platforms. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Producing virus-free strawberry seeds. B. Providing immersive VR experiences. C. Monitoring temperature and humidity. D. Advancing modern high-tech farming. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·陕西西安第八十五中学·期中）In a world obsessed with IQ and EQ, a lesser-known metric — Play Quotient (PQ) — is gaining recognition as a key driver of long-term success. PQ refers to one’s ability to engage in playful thinking, embrace curiosity, and find joy in exploration — qualities that transcend (胜过) age and profession. Unlike rigid academic skills, PQ fosters adaptability, creativity, and resilience, features increasingly vital in a fast-changing society. PQ manifests in simple yet powerful ways. It’s the employee who solves a complex problem by rephrasing it as a “game” to brainstorm solutions, the student who experiments with new ideas instead of sticking to mechanical learning, or the parent who uses play to teach life lessons. At its core, PQ is about maintaining a sense of wonder: asking “what if?” instead of accepting “what is.” This playful mindset encourages risk-taking without fear of failure, as mistakes are seen as part of the learning process rather than setbacks. Critics may dismiss play as unimportant things, but research shows PQ is associated with significant life outcomes. Studies link higher PQ to enhance problem-solving skills, better stress management, and stronger interpersonal relationships. In the workplace, leaders with high PQ inspire teams to innovate, as they create environments where creativity is raised, not restrained. For children, playful learning builds emotional intelligence and critical thinking, laying the foundation for future success. Importantly, PQ is not born with — like a muscle, it can be strengthened through intentional practice: trying new hobbies, approaching tasks with a lighthearted attitude, and allowing oneself to “waste time” on curious pursuits. In a culture that often prioritizes productivity over joy, nurturing PQ can feel contrary to intuition (直觉). Yet in a world where automation replaces routine tasks, human creativity and adaptability — fueled by PQ — remain irreplaceable. PQ reminds us that success isn’t just about what we know, but how we think: with curiosity, flexibility, and a willingness to play. 1.What does the underlined word “manifest” most probably mean? A. Disappear gradually. B. Improve significantly. C. Show clearly. D. Change completely. 2.Which of the following is an example of high PQ? A. A student memorizing textbook content word for word to pass exams. B. An employee refusing new methods to avoid potential mistakes. C. A parent using role-play games to help their child understand honesty. D. A leader requiring team members to follow rules without exception. 3.It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A. PQ is the most important factor for life success compared with IQ B. people can enhance PQ by actively trying new and interesting things C. PQ only benefits children’s academic performance and growth D. individuals with high IQ are naturally equipped with strong PQ 4.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage? A. To illustrate the importance of PQ as a key skill in modern life. B. To make a detailed comparison between PQ, IQ and EQ. C. To criticize the social trend of overvaluing productivity. D. To provide practical methods for readers to measure their own PQ. 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·陕西镇安中学·期中）Mickey Mouse welcomed visitors to his new home in China on June 16, 2016 as Disney opened its first theme park in the country. The park, located in the city of Shanghai, opened with fireworks. Joe Schott, president and general manager of Shanghai Disney Resort, said, “I can promise you that there is still so much left to be revealed, and I cannot wait to share it all with you in the months and years to come.” Tens of thousands streamed into Shanghai Disneyland for its debut(问世), an event that was nearly two decades in the making. The $ 5.5 billion resort(度假胜地) covers 963 acres, but Disney has already begun expansion. Company officials said they tried to reflect Chinese preferences in the new park. “We didn’t build Disneyland in China, we built China’s Disneyland,” said Bob Iger, Disney’s chairman. There’s a traditional Chinese tea house featuring local food. The Lion King performed in Mandarin for the first time, features the Monkey King and characters dressed in Chinese opera garb(服装)to appeal to an Asian audience. In the castle, guests not only walk through, as they do in other Disney parks, they can also eat and shop. When it was discovered that Chinese people didn’t have a favourite Disney princess, the company decided that the castle would feature all the princesses. Parks in California and France are based on the Sleeping Beauty story. “The visitors can learn the princesses over time, and this gives them an opportunity to have an introduction to all of the princess stories,” said executive producer Ali Rubinstein. However, China’s Disneyland sometimes are not closely related to China. Disney’s only animated film based on a Chinese story, Mulan, which tells the tale of a Chinese warrior woman, got neither its own ride nor stage show. The character appears only as a statue and afloat in the parade. 1.What’s Joe Schott’s attitude to Shanghai Disney Resort? A. Disappointed. B. Concerned. C. Doubtful. D. Confident. 2.What can be learned from what Bob said in paragraph 6? A. They build the theme park in China. B. The theme park belongs to China. C. The theme park has Chinese elements. D. The theme park has a long Chinese history. 3.Why does China’s Disneyland have all kinds of princesses? A. Chinese people have no certain favourite Disney princess. B. Chinese people don’t know any princess characters in Disney movies. C. Chinese people believe “the more, the better”. D. Parks in other countries are based on the Sleeping Beauty story. 4.What is the purpose of giving the Mulan example? A. To show the Chinese character of Disneyland. B. To show Mulan is an important part of Chinese culture. C. To show China’s Disneyland has not reflected enough Chinese culture. D. To show Disneyland has too few Chinese character films. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·陕西榆林靖边中学·期中）Aysen, the third-largest region in Chile, is a nature lover’s dream. Glaciers, mountains, rivers, and lakes dot the landscape, with lots of fantastic national parks and amazing nature reserves for you to check out. Laguna San Rafael National Park Located on southern Chile’s Pacific coastline, Laguna San Rafael National Park is one of the most beautiful parts of the country. The park includes the Northern Patagonian Ice Field, which includes both the San Rafael and San Quintin glaciers. You’ll also find Monte Sa Valentin, the highest peak in the southern Andes. Queulat National Park Thanks to its remote location, Queulat National Park is home to a remarkable range of untouched and unspoiled landscape. Its hanging glacier is undoubtedly the park’s most impressive part, as two twinkling waterfalls made of melted ice plunge to the ground from a rocky cliff face. Cerro Castille National Reserve Named after the rocky peak that lies at its heart, Cerro Castille National Reserve is a wonderfully wild part of Chile to explore. The reserve protects and preserves the natural habitats of many different animals and plants. Visitors can sometimes spot South Andean deer, guanacos, and Andean condors off in the distance. Tamango National Park Reserve Located near the southernmost town along Chile’s famous Carretera Austral, Tamango National Park Reserve boasts marvelous scenery and features water sports. You can always go kayaking, swimming, or fishing in nearby Lago Cochrane. A boat trip along the Lago Cochrane is a fabulous way to see more incredible scenery. 1.In which park can you find the highest peak in the southern Andes? A. Queulat National Park. B. Cerro Castille National Reserve. C. Laguna San Rafael National Park. D. Tamango National Park Reserve. 2.What makes Cerro Castille National Reserve special? A. It has a famous hanging glacier and waterfalls. B. It offers water sports like kayaking and fishing on a lake. C. It includes a large ice field with two well-known glaciers. D. It is named after a central rocky peak and protects diverse wildlife. 3.Who is the passage written for? A. Nature lovers who look for travel destinations in Chile. B. Workers who are building national parks in Chile. C. Scientists who are studying glacial changes. D. Local students who are interested in Chile’s art and history. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·宁夏吴忠中学·期中）Inspired by the Chinese blockbuster film Ne Zha 2, where the immortal Taiyi Zhenren uses the Seven-Coloured Lotus (莲花) to reconstruct bodies, a scientific team in Wuhan, Hubei Province has spent a decade developing real-life bone regeneration technology using lotus. A research team from Wuhan Polytechnic University’s School of Food Science and Engineering has pioneered a groundbreaking medical application using extracts from lotus root fibers. By employing 3D printing technology, they create customized bone scaffolds (支架) tailored to bone defect areas. These scaffolds stabilize fractured skeletons while guiding cells to grow along the lotus fiber structures, accelerating bone tissue regeneration. Jiang Xueye, a lead researcher on the team, explained that compared to traditional steel nail implants, the lotus fiber scaffolds address issues such as poor adaptability and extensive surgical exposure. They also significantly reduce the risk of patient rejection. Crucially, the scaffold’s degradation perfectly corresponds with the rate of new bone growth, making secondary removal surgeries unnecessary. The technology is currently undergoing animal trials and, if successfully applied in clinical settings, could dramatically lower treatment costs and ease suffering for fracture patients, the school noted. Beyond medical breakthroughs, the team has made remarkable progress in developing functional food ingredients and health products from lotus roots. Their patented lotus root powder preserves nearly all nutrients and can be used to create instant drink mixes, fish cakes and cookies, high-activity probiotic products through lactic acid bacteria fermentation (乳酸菌发酵) . The gelatinized (糊化) powder also serves as a material for 3D-printed foods, suggesting a future where imaginative treats shaped like Ne Zha or his Wind and Fire Wheels could be crafted on demand. 1.What is the main focus of the research team from Wuhan Polytechnic University? A. Creating traditional steel nail implants. B. Developing new 3D printers. C. Producing functional foods from lotus roots. D. Using lotus root fibers to rebuild bones. 2.What advantage do lotus fiber scaffolds have over traditional steel nail implants? A. They reduce the risk of patient rejection and avoid secondary surgeries. B. They are cheaper to produce. C. They never lead to immune rejection. D. They immediately dissolve post-surgery to prevent infection. 3.What is a potential application of the gelatinized lotus root powder? A. Construction materials for bridges. B. 3D-printed foods shaped like characters or objects. C. Clothing for athletes. D. Fuel for vehicles. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards the research team’s work? A. Neutral and indifferent. B. Doubtful and critical. C. Enthusiastic and supportive. D. Confused and uncertain. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·陕西榆林靖边中学·期中）Postmates, an American delivery company, has built a robot, called Serve, which was designed to make short-distance deliveries in cities. To know what’s going on, Serve has a laser radar (激光雷达) sensor on top, in which spinning lasers let it detect objects around it and know how far away they are. Also, behind each artificial eye is a camera, with six more imaging devices spread around the robot. Inside it is another sensor that allows Postmates to know if there is a package in there. “One of our key decisions early on was to rely heavily on the robot’s ability to see the environment,” says Ali Kashani, the vice president for robotics at Postmates. “Since the sidewalk is a very chaotic environment,” he points out, “the robot needs to be able to take it all in and figure out what to do. This robot, and many like it, also must be able to show their intentions to the pedestrians (行人). For that, it has a number of approaches. One is using its eyes; another is a colorful light ring that goes around the top. When it wants to make way for a pedestrian, it will use its eyes and look down,” he explains. “It can also use the lights on the top as a turn signal, which is obvious, and also look left and right when it’s turning left and right.” “Using eye movements and other silent signals is a good idea,” says Aaron Steinfeld, a professor of human-robot interaction. Serve is intended for sidewalks and Steinfeld says that environment is challenging. People usually walk fast while staring at a smartphone. For a robot, that’s a lot. “We have active research on robot moving socially around walking people,” he says. “And it’s really tricky to do this well.” Postmates plans to use Serve in Los Angeles at first, and its intended task is to move small objects over short distances. The robot can travel 30 miles on one charge and is able to carry 50 pounds. 1.What is the function of Serve? A. To make short-distance deliveries. B. To clean city sidewalks. C. To guide pedestrians on roads. D. To carry heavy goods for the deliverymen. 2.How does Serve know about the objects around it? A. By following GPS signals. B. By asking the deliverymen for help. C. By using a laser radar sensor. D. By communicating with pedestrians. 3.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The design of Serve’s artificial eyes. B. Aaron Steinfeld’s research on robots. C. Why streets are dangerous for pedestrians. D. How Serve senses the environment and shows intentions. 4.What can be known from the last paragraph? A. Serve is able to carry heavy goods. B. Serve will first be used in Los Angeles. C. Serve can travel 50 miles on one charge. D. Serve will be used in all U.S. cities soon. 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·陕西宝鸡·期中）Have you ever asked yourself why children go to school? You probably say that they go to learn their own language and English, mathematics, geography (地理), history, science and all the other subjects. We send our children to school to prepare them for the time when they grow up and have to work for themselves. They learn their own language so that they know and understand what others tell them. They learn English in order to be able to benefit from what people in western countries have written and said, and in order to make people from other countries understand what they themselves mean. They learn mathematics in order to be able to measure and count things in their daily life, geography in order to know something about the world around them, and history to know something about the human beings they meet every day. Nearly everything they study at school has some practical use in their life, but is that the only reason why they go to school? No. There is more in education than just learning facts. We go to school above all to learn how to learn so that we can continue to learn when we have left school. A man who really knows how to learn will always be successful, because whenever he has to do it he does it in the best way. The uneducated person, on the other hand, either is unable to do something new or does it badly. The purpose of school, therefore, is not just to teach languages, mathematics, geography, etc., but to teach students the way to learn. 1.In order to make other people from foreign countries understand you, you should learn ________. A. modern science B. foreign languages C. geography D. history 2.Nearly all the subjects they learn at school have ________. A. no use in their future life B. little use in their future life C. nothing to do with their daily life D. some practical use in their life 3.A person will surely be successful if he really knows ________. A. how to learn B. some foreign languages C. something new D. several subjects 4.On the whole, children go to school ________. A. to learn science and languages B. to learn how to be good students C. to get ready for their future D. to make new friends Passage 2 （25-26高二上·陕西榆林神木中学·期中）A simple handshake may reveal more than just a greeting. A new study suggests that the way people shake hands could unconsciously communicate emotions and personality characteristics. Dr. Emily Carter, a behavioral psychologist leading the research, studies non-verbal (非口头的) communication and its role in relationships. Her curiosity about handshakes began during a leadership workshop. She noticed that participants’ handshakes varied significantly, and she wondered if these differences might carry meaningful information. To test her idea, she and her team conducted an experiment. The researchers found 200 volunteers and recorded their handshakes using high-speed cameras and pressure sensors. Participants were asked to shake hands with strangers, friends, and colleagues under different situations, such as meeting for the first time, resolving a conflict, or celebrating success. The team also measured participants’ heart rates and skin reactions to track emotional responses. The findings were revealing. Strong, firm handshakes were often associated with confidence and enthusiasm, while weaker handshakes tended to signal nervousness or discomfort. Notably, longer handshakes with slight upward movements were linked to excitement, while short, rigid ones reflected tension. The study also illustrated that the temperature and moisture (湿度) of a person’s hand could reflect their emotional state. Warmer, slightly sweaty hands were more common when participants felt anxious or stressed, while cooler, dry hands were linked to calmness. Carter believes these insights have practical applications. For instance, business professionals could use handshake analysis to better understand their clients’ emotions during negotiations. Similarly, advisors might use it as a tool to understand a client’s emotional state without relying only on verbal communication. However, Carter cautions that handshakes are just one piece of the puzzle. “Human interaction is complex, and something as simple as a handshake can speak volumes, “ she says. As scientists continue to explore the mysteries of non-verbal communication, it’s clear that no single gesture can tell the whole story. 1.What’s the function of paragraph 1? A. To describe an experiment. B. To introduce the main topic. C. To tell a true story. D. To give an example. 2.Why did Dr. Emily and her team decide to conduct an experiment? A. To test if the differences in handshakes carry meaningful information. B. To study the exact definition of non-verbal communication. C. To record the heart rates of people in different social situations. D. To help business professionals understand their clients better. 3.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. The specific steps of the experiment. B. How to use handshake analysis in daily life. C. The main results of the experiment. D. How to shake hands with different people. 4.What does the last paragraph show? A. Handshake analysis has no real value. B. A single gesture cannot explain everything. C. Non-verbal communication has been fully explored by scientists. D. Handshakes are the most important part of non-verbal communication. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·山西三晋联盟山西名校·期中）Tens of thousands of people bleed to death each year before they can get to a hospital. That’s because ambulances can’t routinely carry blood, which would fail to work without sufficient refrigeration. So scientists have been on a quest to develop artificial blood that could be stored in powdered (粉状的) form and could be mixed with water on the spot to save lives. Some of this research is being conducted at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore. Allan Doctor’s team makes artificial blood from hemoglobin (血红蛋白). The researchers obtain hemoglobin from outdated blood and enclose it in a bubble (泡) of fat, essentially creating artificial red blood cells (细胞) for use. This protective bubble is the innovation that Allan thinks will solve the safety problems caused by other attempts at making artificial blood. Other efforts also used hemoglobin, but unprotected hemoglobin can be poisonous to organs (器官). “We have to hide the hemoglobin inside a cell. It’s an artificial cell that makes it safe and effective,” Allan says. The scientists then freeze-dry the artificial red blood cells into a powder that can stay good until an emergency. It’s designed so that at the moment it’s needed, medics can mix it with water and within a minute they have blood. It has a long shelf life for years, and it can be easily transported. Allan’s team has applied their artificial blood to hundreds of injured rabbits and so far it looks safe and effective. While the results so far seem positive, Allan says he still needs to prove that his artificial blood would be safe and effective for people. “I think it’s a reasonable approach,” says Tim Estep, a scientist who consults with companies developing artificial blood. “But because this field has been so challenging, the proof will be in the clinical trials,” he adds. “While I’m overall optimistic, placing a bet on any one technology right now is overall difficult.” 1.Why do scientists develop artificial blood? A. To save the space of ambulances. B. To deal with blood storage issue. C. To save those who bleed heavily. D. To replace the outdated blood. 2.What is the function of bubble of fat to hemoglobin? A. To speed up its reproduction. B. To remove its harm to organs. C. To keep it from forming cells. D. To make its freeze-drying easy. 3.What highlights the powdered artificial blood? A. It won’t go bad easily. B. It functions without water. C. It produces rapid effects. D. It cuts down patients’ costs. 4.What is Tim Estep’s attitude towards Allan’s artificial blood? A. Careful. B. Doubtful. C. Supportive. D. Curious. 主题语境05 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·山西三晋联盟山西名校·期中）Since Glacier National Park’s creation, it has represented the spiritual treasure of Americans with its breathtaking landscapes. But today, climate warming threatens the very emblem of the park, leaving it facing a future in which its name could be a cruel irony (残酷的讽刺). Deep within Glacier National Park, visitors now can see an amazing sight: a peaceful lake of pale blue water lying among towering peaks. Beautiful as it is, the very presence of this lake is not desired by people. Just a few decades ago, the land was entirely frozen. Now the glacier itself is reduced to taking up a small area, sheltered from the sun at the edge of the lake created through its own melting. The park has already lost 60 percent of its namesake (同名物) glaciers since the 1850s, and scientists predict their complete disappearance by the end of the century. Families from all over the US and abroad flood to these natural wonders to create memories that will last. Protecting the national park is one of the rare issues that bring political opponents together in the US. With tens of millions of visitors to these sites every year, it is also a matter of economic necessity. The US government recently announced considerable funds to help. This has issued a challenge to the identity of National Park Service, a US agency brought into existence by a 1916 law that called for the preservation of those treasured pristine (处于原始状态的) sites for the enjoyment of future generations. “But it’s now pretty clear that it’s not achievable in many places,” admits John Gross, an ecologist with the National Park Serviceˈs Climate Change Response Program. “It’s certainly possible that the park could lose the iconic feature for which it has been named.” The climate crisis has thus brought about a shift in the organizationˈs philosophy: It’s acceptable to change a park’s natural state to stop its further worsening. 1.What does the underlined word “emblem” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Symbol. B. Location. C. Recovery. D. Construction. 2.Why is the new lake in the park mentioned? A. To stress the economic value of the park. B. To serve as evidence of the warming climate. C. To explain the process of glacier formation. D. To describe a new popular tourist attraction. 3.What can be learned about the National Park Service? A. It mainly allows for economic benefits. B. It shows confidence in restoring the park. C. It is forced to adjust its protection principle. D. It is taking measures to limit visitor numbers. 4.Which can be the best title for the text? A. A New Idea for Park Protection B. A Park Is Economically on Thin Ice C. A Political Agreement on Renaming a Park D. A Park Might Be at Risk of Redefining Itself 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·宁夏青铜峡宁朔中学·期中）People worldwide are living longer. Today, for the first time in history, most people can expect to live into their sixties and beyond. By 2050, the world’s population aged 60 years and older is expected to total 2 billion, up from 900 million in 2015. Today, 125 million people are aged 80 years or older. By 2050, there will be almost this many (120 million) living in China alone, and 434 million people in this age group worldwide. The pace of population ageing around the world is also increasing dramatically. France had almost 150 years to adapt to a change from 10% to 20% in the proportion of the population that was older than 60 years. However, places such as Brazil, China and India will have slightly more than 20 years to make the same adaptation. A longer life brings with it opportunities, not only for older people and their families, but also for societies as a whole. Additional years provide the chance to undertake new activities such as further education, a new career or a long ignored passion. Older people also contribute in many ways to their families and communities. Yet the extent of these opportunities and contributions depends heavily on one factor: health. There is, however, little evidence to suggest that older people today are experiencing their later years in better health than their parents. While rates of severe disability have declined in high­income countries over the past 30 years, there has been no significant change in mild or moderate disability over the same period. If people can experience these extra years of life in good health and if they live in a supportive environment, their ability to do the things they value will be of little difference from that of a younger person. If these added years are affected by declines physically and mentally, the results for older people and for society are more negative. 1.What does the author want to tell in the first paragraph? A. The whole world is faced with the problem of ageing. B. Some countries witness people live longer than before. C. China has the highest rate of ageing population at present. D. By 2050, over half of the world’s population is ageing. 2.What is the most important for the ageing society? A. The attitude of the older to life. B. The contributions the older make. C. The health of the older people. D. The activities the older take part in. 3.What is the author’s attitude to the ageing world? A. Concerned. B. Objective. C. Negative. D. Astonished. 4.What’s the author’s statement about ageing based on? A. His own opinion. B. Some data. C. Causes and effects. D. Comparisons. 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高二上·山西卓越大联考·期中）We often have a strong desire to feel listened to and understood. And when we don’t feel like our point-of-view is being heard, we can quickly become lonely, sad, frustrated, or even angry. This is one of the biggest contributors to conflict in our relationships and society as a whole. A recent study published in the journal of Experimental Social Psychology looked into this phenomenon. They studied the tension between Palestinians and Israelis, as well as Mexican immigrants and white Arizonians. What they found was that when individuals were given a chance to share their stories and experiences with people from the other side, it helped improve their attitude about the “opposing group”. This effect was even stronger when it was a member of the “disempowered group” being heard by someone from the “dominant (主导的) group”. Disempowered groups often feel like their voice isn’t being heard. They think their values and needs aren’t being considered, and whether in real cases or tests, this can cause anger toward the more dominant group, who often has more of a stronghold over public debate. However, when the dominant group makes an effort to hear things from another point-of-view, the disempowered group begins to feel that their values and needs are being listened to. This can be a great starting point for easing conflict and tension. There has been a lot of research showing the positive benefits of perspective-taking in our relationships. This is one of the first studies to show that “perspective giving” — the opportunity to share our experiences with others — can be just as helpful in building stronger relationships. However, researchers don’t recommend that the disempowered group does all the talking. Instead, they believe that this is evidence that each group should have an equal opportunity to share their viewpoints. When we don’t have chances to express ourselves, it can often lead to negative consequences for everyone involved. Being heard is important to both ourselves and others. It’s a part of healthy communication, and it leads to solutions we won’t find if we just ignore one another. 1.What phenomenon does the author point out in Paragraph 1? A. We can easily form our own point-of-view. B. Conflict often occurs in our daily relationships. C. We often fail to bring our feelings under control. D. Our relationship will be hurt when we feel ignored. 2.How did the researchers draw their conclusion in terms of conflict and tension? A. By making assumptions. B. By surveying public opinions. C. By studying decades of historical records. D. By conducting experiments and observations. 3.Which can be helpful in strengthening relationships according to the study? A. Having a debate in public. B. Doing all the talking to be heard. C. Getting a chance to share viewpoints. D. Forcing views of one’s own on others. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. The power of being heard. B. Some tips about winning respect. C. The importance of voicing your attitude. D. The suggestions on how to communicate. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·陕西榆林神木中学·期中）A group of farmers in Nigeria are using a new method to grow crops from moisture (水汽) in the air. The method, known as aeroponics, does not use soil. Instead, plant roots hang in the air and take in nutrients from water mist. The method could make a big difference in places where huge amounts of land have been made unfarmable. Biochemist Samson Ogbole is popularly known as Nigeria’s smart farmer. He and his team are growing crops without soil at the technology-based farm they started three years ago in Abeokuta. Ogbole says they are working hard to end the seasonal food shortage in Nigeria. “It is just farming anytime during the year, meaning we can plant crops anytime during the year, and we can harvest anytime during the year.” But setting up the aeroponics farm was not easy. It required more than $180,000. And people in Abeokuta boycotted this nontraditional method of farming. It took a lot of effort to change those people’s minds about it. In fact, in Nigeria, about 30 million hectares of farmland is being used, instead of the 78.5 million hectares required for food security. In the north, only 49 percent of the land is fertile, a situation that worries traditional farmers. Aeroponics, however, does not require traditional farm work or much land. Nutrients for the plants are controlled by a recycling system, greatly increasing productivity. Dr. Phillip Ojo, Director-General of the National Agricultural Seeds Council, says the government welcomes the new farming method. Ojo notes that with aeroponics, farmers can quickly increase planting materials. The agricultural industry represents about 40 percent of Nigeria’s economy. The government wants to greatly expand this percentage. For now, most farmers lack the technical knowledge to increase productivity. They also need access to high-quality seeds to guarantee (保证) better harvests. Technologically skilled farmers like Samson Ogbole are offering a new way forward. 1.What can be known about aeroponics? A. It is not affected by the seasons. B. It helps crops draw nutrients from the soil. C. It will make the condition of the soil worse. D. It is aimed at bringing back farmland. 2.Why are Ogbole and his team working hard? A. To reduce the aeroponics farm. B. To end the seasonal food shortage in Nigeria. C. To get more support from other countries. D. To help the poor all over the world. 3.What does the underlined word “boycotted” mean in paragraph 3? A. Welcomed. B. Approved. C. Obtained. D. Resisted. 4.What is Dr. Phillip Ojo’s attitude to aeroponics? A. Doubtful. B. Unclear. C. Supportive. D. Opposed. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·山西晋中介休市第一中学校·期中）Postmates, an American delivery company, has built a robot, called Serve, which was designed to make short-distance deliveries in cities. To know what’s going on, Serve has a laser radar (激光雷达) sensor on top, in which spinning lasers let it detect objects around it and know how far away they are. Also, behind each artificial eye is a camera, with six more imaging devices spread around the robot. Inside it is another sensor that allows Postmates to know if there is a package in there. “One of our key decisions early on was to rely heavily on the robot’s ability to see the environment,” says Ali Kashani, the vice president for robotics at Postmates. Since the sidewalk is “a very chaotic environment”, he points out, the robot needs to be able to take it all in and figure out what to do. This robot, and many like it, also must be able to signal their intentions to the pedestrians. For that, it has a number of approaches. One is using its eyes; another is a colorful light ring that goes around the top. “When it wants to make way for a pedestrian, it will use its eyes and look down,” he explains. It can also use the lights on the top as a turn signal, which is obvious, and also look left and right when it’s turning left and right. “Using eye movements and other silent signals is a good idea,” says Aaron Steinfeld, a professor of human-robot interaction. Serve is intended for sidewalks and Steinfeld says that environment is challenging. People usually walk fast while staring at a smartphone. For a robot, that’s a lot. “We have active research on robot moving socially around walking people,” he says. “And it’s really tricky to do this well.” Postmates plans to use Serve in Los Angeles at first, and that its intended task is to move small objects over short distances. The robot can travel 30 miles on one charge and is able to carry 50 pounds. 1.What is the specific function of the additional sensor that Serve has inside its body? A. To monitor package condition. B. To detect if a package is inside. C. To measure package weight. D. To detect movement around. 2.According to the text, how does Serve primarily detect and understand its environment? A. By heavily relying on its ability to see. B. Through its advanced hearing sensors. C. By following pre-programmed routes only. D. By communicating directly with pedestrians. 3.What’s the major challenge for robots on sidewalks mentioned by Professor Aaron Steinfeld? A. The weight of the packages they have to carry. B. The limited range of 30 miles on a single charge. C. The behavior of people walking fast while looking at their phones. D. The inability of sensors to work in rainy weather. 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce Postmates’ robot Serve and its key features. B. To describe the challenges robots face when operating on urban sidewalks. C. To explain the technical specifications of Postmates’ delivery robot Serve. D. To discuss the importance of human-robot interaction in technology development. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·青海西宁大通县第二中学·期中）Planting trees is a popular way to try to balance out carbon emissions (碳排放), but a new study shows it could never fully make up for pollution from the world’s biggest fossil fuel (化石燃料) companies. To take in enough carbon just from the future emissions tied to the top 200 oil, gas and coal companies’ reserves, you would need to cover the entire land area of North and Central America with trees. This is impossible because there simply isn’t enough available land on Earth. Researchers figured out that if these companies paid for planting all those trees, it would cost 7.01 trillion. Even if it were possible, the companies would face huge costs if they had to pay for the environmental damage caused by burning their reserves. “People might think carbon offsetting (抵消) is like a magic eraser, but that’s not realistic,” explained study co-author Nina Friggens. Trees naturally absorb carbon as they grow, making them a relatively cheap offset method heavily promoted by many companies. However, the study focused only on trees because other carbon trapping technologies are currently too expensive or underdeveloped. While experts praised the study for showing the extent of the problem, they warn against ruling out tree planting entirely. Done correctly, it brings important benefits like supporting wildlife, protecting against natural disasters, and improving food security. But the key point remains: we cannot plant our way out of the climate problem only by offsetting planned fossil fuel burning. Jonathan Foley likened the situation to an overflowing bathtub: “Trees are the sponges (海绵) and mops we use to clean up the mess. But if the taps (emissions) are still running full force, flooding the bathroom, you absolutely have to turn them off first.” The study highlights that stopping emissions is essential; relying only on trees to clean up after fossil fuels is mathematically and physically impossible. 1.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A. The problems of burning fossil reserves. B. The market value of fossil fuel companies. C. The environmental damage from cutting trees. D. The cost of planting trees to offset emissions. 2.Which of the following is the experts’ opinion according to paragraph 4? A. Fossil fuels are safe. B. Tree planting is simple. C. Tree planting has its value. D. Carbon offsetting is unnecessary. 3.What do Jonathan Foley’s words mainly suggest? A. Emissions should be reduced first. B. Trees are the best to clean emissions. C. Taps are less important than sponges. D. Running helps reduce carbon emissions. 4.This text is most likely taken from ______. A. a fashion magazine B. a children’s storybook C. a travel guide D. a scientific journal Passage 4 （25-26高二上·山西省部分学校·期中）Researchers in Washington and British Columbia say they have solved a deadly unknown that scientists have explored for more than ten years. They have found the true reason behind one of the world’s largest oceanic disease outbreaks: a wasting disease that has turned billions of sea stars into something thick along North America’s West Coast. Among more than 20 species affected, the sunflower star was hardest hit, with over 90% of its global population lost. Sunflower stars eat sea urchins (a kind of small sea creature). When sunflower stars disappeared, the ocean’s balance broke. With fewer sunflower stars to eat them, sea urchins grew in number very fast. They ate huge areas of kelp (巨藻) forests, and this destroyed one of the ocean’s most lively homes for sea life. For years, scientists thought a virus (病毒) was the cause. But the new study shows the real problem is a type of bacterium (细菌) named Vibrio pectenicida. This bacterium is related to the kinds that hurt corals, shellfish, and even humans. The result came from four summers of experiments at the U. S. Geological Survey’s Marrowstone Marine Field Station. Researchers took strict measures to preclude outside pollution: each sea star lived in a separate box with treated clear seawater. The research team looked at the liquid inside sea stars, not their outer parts (where many tiny living things live). They found much more Vibrio pectenicida in sick sea stars than in healthy ones. In tests, they took the bacterium, grew it in a lab, and put it into healthy sunflower stars. This made the healthy stars get the sickness too — something earlier studies couldn’t prove. After studying data in January 2024, they finally made sure that there was a strong link between Vibrio pectenicida and the disease. This discovery is a big step forward for understanding one of the worst oceanic“sickness outbreaks” ever written down. But problems still exist. Sunflower stars are now so few in number that taking more samples (样本) might harm the species. Also, plans to cut the U. S. Geological Survey’s money put future research at risk. This makes people who protect the environment worried about the future of checking ocean health. 1.What is the main finding of the study? A. A virus caused sea stars’ death. B. Sunflower stars suffered a great loss. C. Sea urchins destroyed kelp forests. D. A bacterium led to the oceanic disease. 2.What does the underlined word “preclude” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Record. B. Copy. C. Prevent. D. Show. 3.How did the researchers confirm their discovery? A. By studying outer parts of sea stars. B. By reproducing the disease in healthy stars. C. By turning to other professionals to check the link. D. By comparing liquids in various sunflower star species. 4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the future research? A. Its possible achievements. B. Its sampling methods. C. Its major challenges. D. Its scientific principles. Passage 5 （25-26高二上·山西·期中）A company from Finland called IXI is creating smart glasses that can automatically (自动地) adjust focus in real time. This new invention aims to provide clear vision at various distances, getting rid of the need for bifocals (双光眼镜) . Although IXI’s glasses are not the first of this kind, they are a major improvement. More than ten years ago, a company named Adlens made glasses that could be manually changed by the wearer to match their vision needs. However, this was a one-time setting. IXI’s glasses are different. They are made to keep adjusting continuously and automatically according to where the wearer is looking. The battery inside is designed to last for two days and can be charged at night. The company also hopes the glasses will accommodate many different face shapes. The key technology relies on a special material called liquid crystals (晶体) in the lenses (镜片). Niko Eiden, the company leader, says, these crystals can be repositioned electrically, allowing the lenses to be freely adjusted. A built-in eye-tracker and a system that uses light to measure distance work together to determine the distance of an object and adjust the lenses accordingly. This adjustment occurs in just 0.2 seconds, faster than the human eye’s natural focusing speed. This new development could fix main problems with bifocals. Bifocals have separate areas for near and far sight, forcing users to move their heads to see clearly and offering a smaller field of view. IXI’s method provides a clear view at all distances without such actions. Even with this exciting technology, there are still problems to solve before the glasses can be sold. There are strict medical rules for vision correction products. Designers also need to fit a battery without making the glasses heavy. What’s more, additional real-world testing is needed for activities like driving. Fortunately, for safety, if the system stops working, the wearer can still look through the top part of the lenses. 1.How is paragraph 2 developed? A. By following time order. B. By listing detailed numbers. C. By making comparison. D. By explaining causes and effects. 2.What is the feature of IXI’s glasses? A. They have an eye-tracker inside. B. They fit only round faces. C. They need to be adjusted by hand. D. They use common lens materials. 3.What can be learned from the last paragraph? A. Vision correction products are popular. B. Designers have solved battery weight issues. C. The glasses aren’t ready for the market. D. The glasses’ system never stops working. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. A new kind of smart glasses. B. Bifocals’ main problems in use. C. How to make self-adjusting glasses. D. Rules for vision correction products. Passage 6 （25-26高二上·陕西商洛山阳中学·期中）“You’ll get as many answers to the question ‘What is the purpose of dreaming?’ as there are dream psychologists,” says Deirdre Barrett, dream researcher at Harvard University and author of The Committee of Sleep. According to Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud, dreams provided key signs of hidden struggles deep within our brain. But Freud’s theory, introduced in his 1899 book The Interpretation of Dreams, caused plenty of argument. Critics (评论家) argued that his way of explaining dreams was very personal — two experts might offer entirely different readings of the same dream, with no objective (客观的) way to prove who was right. Another theory suggests that dreams are simply a side effect of memory storage — the brain’s way of replaying and strengthening new memories while we sleep. Dreams may also help us process and manage emotions, especially negative ones, according to the emotion management theory of dreaming. A study found that people who dreamed about stressful events they had experienced before sleep woke up feeling more positive about the events the next day. In recent decades, other scientists have offered different explanations for why we dream. One of the most well-known is the threat simulation (模拟) theory, put forward by Finnish psychologist Antti Revonsuo in 2000. According to this view, dreaming is an ancient biological defence system. By simulating dangerous situations, our brains practice the skills needed to recognize and avoid threats — a kind of virtual reality training ground for survival. A 2005 study lent support to this theory by studying the dreams of Kurdish children exposed to war. But even the threat simulation theory is argued about. A 2008 study comparing residents of high-crime areas in South Africa to those in parts of Wales found that South African subjects, despite facing more real-world threats, actually reported fewer threatening dreams than Welsh ones. Ultimately, Barrett suggests that we may be asking the wrong question. Just as waking thought serves many functions — from planning to problem-solving-dreams likely do too. 1.What did critics think about Freud’s theory of dreams? A. It had too many unproven assumptions. B. It was scientific but lacked practical value. C. It was impossible to confirm objectively. D. It ignored the impact of personality on dream readings. 2.What can we infer about Kurdish children? A. They often dreamed about dangerous situations. B. They tended to develop mental health problems. C. They experienced fewer dreams compared to others. D. They forgot about the stressful events after waking up. 3.Why does the author mention the 2008 study? A. To test the effect of crime on dreams. B. To challenge the threat simulation theory. C. To support the findings of the 2005 study. D. To stress the differences in dream content. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A. Why We Dream: Competing Explanations from Psychology B. The Science of Dreams: Uncovering Hidden Emotional Struggles C. Dream Exploration: How Personal Experiences Shape Our Dreams D. The development of Dream Theories: From Freud to Modern Science Passage 7 （25-26高二上·山西卓越大联考·期中）A new study gives “funny or die” a whole new meaning. Published in April in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, the research found that women with a strong sense of humor tend to live longer — even when they get sick, especially from heart disease or infections. For men, having a joyful personality also helped protect against infections. Norwegian researchers followed 53,556 women and men over 15 years. They wanted to see if a sense of humor could affect how long people live. The team used a detailed questionnaire to measure different parts of humor — like how people think, socialize, and feel about funny situations. They then looked at deaths from several diseases, including heart disease, infections, cancer, and lung disease. The results showed that women who scored high in the “thinking” part of humor had: ·A 48% lower risk of dying from any cause, ·A 73% lower risk of dying from heart disease, ·And an 83% lower risk of dying from infections. For men, the benefit was only seen in infections — those with high humor scores had a 74% lower risk of dying from them. Researchers think this difference between men and women might be because men’s sense of humor slightly decreased as they got older. Also, the social and emotional parts of humor didn’t show any clear effect on how long people lived. According to Sven Svebak, a professor who co-authored the study, the thinking part of humor is a stable personality trait (特性). It affects how people understand everyday events. This can help reduce social conflicts and stress and prevent stress hormones like cortisol(皮质醇) from rising too much. When cortisol stays high for a long time, it weakens the immune system. Although genes partly decide our sense of humor, it’s also shaped by life experiences. Svebak says children who don’t see adults using humor to deal with problems may not use it themselves when they grow up. But don’t worry if your childhood wasn’t filled with laughter — studies show it’s never too late to learn to laugh at life’s absurdities (荒谬). 1.How did the researchers carry out their study? A. By assigning tasks. B. By doing an interview. C. By doing field research. D. By designing questions. 2.Which part of humor has clearly affected people’s life according to the study? A. The social part. B. The cultural part. C. The thinking part. D. The emotional part. 3.What can be inferred about our sense of humor according to Svebak? A. Genes alone play a key role. B. It can be acquired when we grow up. C. It must be developed since childhood. D. It is rarely shaped by life experiences. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Laugh Lots, Live Longer B. Art of Growing Young C. The Best Medicine for Us D. Be Funny or Die Young Passage 8 （25-26高二上·宁夏银川一中·期中）Researchers at CU Boulder have developed a wearable device that changes the human body into a biological battery. The device is stretchy enough that you can wear it like a ring, sport band or any other thing that touches your skin. It also taps into a person’s natural heat-employing thermoelectric generators to change the body’s internal temperature into electricity. “In the future, we want to be able to power your wearable electronics without having to include a battery,” said Jianliang Xiao, an associate professor at CU Boulder. The concept may sound like something out of The Matrix film series, in which a race of robots have chained humans to harvest their precious organic energy. Xiao and his colleagues aren’t that ambitious: Their devices can generate about 1 volt (伏特) of energy for every square centimeter of skin space-less volt per area than what most existing batteries provide but still enough to power electronics like watches or fitness trackers. Scientists have previously experimented with similar wearable devices, but Xiao’s is stretchy, can heal itself when damaged and is fully recyclable-making it a cleaner alternative to traditional electronics. “Whenever you use a battery, you’re depleting (消耗) that battery and will, eventually, need to replace it,” Xiao said, “The nice thing about our device is that you can wear it, and it provides you with constant power.” Just pretend that you’re out for a jog. As you exercise, your body heats up, and that heat will radiate out to the cool air around you. Xiao’s device captures that flow of energy rather than let it go to waste. “The thermoelectric generators are in close contact with the human body, and they can use the heat that would normally be sent into the environment,” Xiao said. 1.What does Xiao expect of his device at present? A. It will be used for medical purposes. B. It will be made smaller and wearable. C. It will change natural power into electricity. D. It will supply continuous power to wearable devices. 2.Why does the author mention The Matrix series in the text? A. To explain the principles behind the new device. B. To emphasize the potential risks of the new technology. C. To show how the idea may seem like science fiction. D. To suggest the new device was inspired by the film. 3.What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A. The strengths of Xiao’s device. B. The convenience of using a battery. C. The replacement of wearable devices. D. The development of traditional electronics. 4.What do we know about Xiao’s device from the text? A. It operates with plenty of power. B. It is designed for practical use. C. It benefits people’s health in a way. D. It’s based on traditional electronics. 主题语境04 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·陕西镇安中学·期中）Self-confidence is an important quality to develop in your kid. It is associated with better grades, more satisfying personal relationships, better decision making, and greater self-control. Self-confidence is obtained from skills and competencies, experiences, treatment by others and the nature and frequency(频率) of successes and failures. But, self-confidence is also affected by something as simple as how your kids carry themselves as they go about their daily lives. If kids behave more self-confidently, they feel more self-confident. Here are some direct instructions parents can give their kids to help them make it. To start with, have your kids stand tall and straight with their shoulders back. This is particularly important for teenage girls. It is not unusual for girls to draw their shoulders inward as a way of avoiding dealing with the changes of their bodies. They will need help balance being confident in their bodies. Self-confident people stand and walk with their hands out and to the side of the body. Some research has provided evidence that placing your hands on your hips(髋部) results in greater decisiveness in business situations. This is sometimes referred to as the super hero stance. Before your kids are about to engage in an activity where self-confidence is required, have them stand like a super hero with their heads held high, their eyes focused on the horizon and their hands on their hips. It can feel kind of silly but will make a difference in their attitude and behaviour. Finally, your kids need to be aware of how they actually walk. Self-confident people walk with big steps. They take solid steps with their head up, looking where they are going and making direct eye contact with people they encounter. With a little time and some direct instruction, you can help your teen appear more self-confident which will actually help them feel more self-confident. You are the perfect person for them to practise on. One thing though. It is probably better to address this in private. 1.What will kids fail to gain with more self-confidence? A. Better marks on the exam. B. Better relationship with others. C. Greater self-control. D. The strongest bones. 2.What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Standing like a super hero. B. Engaging in an activity. C. Making eyes focused on a certain thing. D. Holding heads high. 3.What can we know from paragraphs 2-4? A. Teen girls always stand tall and straight with their shoulders back. B. Self-confident persons aren’t afraid of straight eye contact. C. It’s impolite to put your hands on your hips when you talk with others. D. You should mind your steps when you walk, being careful and slow. 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Self-confidence and Body Language B. Self-confidence and Teen Girls C. Self-confidence and Parents D. Self-confidence and Good Quality 主题语境05 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·山西·期中）Experts say that the “7-38-55 Rule” can greatly help improve emotional understanding. While words carry meaning, they often cannot show the full emotional story. Imagining a friend asking, “Are you okay?” and you answering, “Yeah, I’m fine.” The words may sound comforting, but a flat voice and drooping (低垂的) shoulders say a lot more. We naturally interpret stops in speaking and body movements before we fully trust a message. This natural judgment occurs all the time—during quick talks in the hall, video calls, or first meetings. The 7-38-55 Rule describes this situation: only 7% of emotional meaning is carried through words, 38% through tone (语调) of voice, and 55% through body language. The rule came from the research by expert Albert Mehrabian in the 1960s. He studied how people decide if someone is likable when spoken and bodily signals don’t match. His tests, which used mixed-up facial expressions and recorded words, showed that people depend more on tone and facial expressions than on the actual words. As Mehrabian pointed out, when spoken and bodily signals don’t agree, the latter are likely to be more powerful. This idea becomes especially important in emotionally unclear situations. For example, saying “Great job” in a flat voice while you look at your phone weakens the message. On the other hand, sincere eye contact and a warm tone make the praise believable. Similarly, in social situations, someone using awkward words but smiling and bending forward can still leave a good impression. Digital communication shows the weakness of relying only on words. Text takes away 93% of the emotional meaning, which is why a simple “Sure” can be misinterpreted. People try to make up for this by using more emojis (表情), yet misunderstandings still occur often. Even video calls, with their technical limitations, often fail to fully express our intended meaning. In work environments, body signals strongly affect teamwork and leadership. Voice alone accounts for nearly 40% of how your attitude is seen by others. A calm tone and an open body position build trust better than data alone. Similarly, in personal interactions, gestures and eye contact can either build or block connection. 1.What did Mehrabian’s research study? A. What makes a good talk. B. How words carry meaning. C. How to use body language. D. How people judge likability. 2.What does paragraph 4 suggest about emotional expression? A. Phone use improves message trust. B. Tone and body language matter more. C. Words are enough to show true feelings. D. Awkward words always ruin impressions. 3.What can we learn about video calls from paragraph 5? A. They fully show emotions. B. They take less time than texts. C. They have no technical limits. D. They can’t express our meaning well. 4.What’s the author’s attitude to the 7-38-55 Rule? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Unconcerned. D. Unclear. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·陕西商洛山阳中学·期中）The world buys over a million plastic bottles every minute, and most people end up as pollution that lasts for centuries. Plastic bottles are usually made from a material called PET, which is hard to reuse properly. Most used PET becomes lower quality plastic that still gets thrown away later. To increase material recovery quality, a research team from the University of Edinburgh has developed innovative approaches that give plastic a renewed purpose without traditional reprocessing methods. The process is surprisingly simple. First, scientists break the plastic into small chemical pieces. Then, the research team works with a common bacterium called E. coli. The bacteria eat the pieces and turn them into painkiller medicine. The experiment is successful and shows plastic waste can become something useful instead of just trash. Dr. Stephen Wallace, who led the study, said, “We estimate (估计) that one plastic water bottle could produce about nine regular painkiller tablets (药片). While this amount needs improving for large-scale production, it proves the idea works. In the experiment, the bacteria successfully changed medicine within one day. All this happens in water at normal room temperature without pollution, unlike traditional medicine making that needs lots of energy and discharges greenhouse gases.” Although plastic raw materials are very easy to collect and process, there are still challenges before this plastic-made medicine reaches stores. Scientists are planning strict tests to prove the treatment carries no health risks and has no negative effects. However, this new method could help turn this waste into valuable medicine while reducing the need for oil in medicine production. It shows how science can find solutions that help both people and the environment through innovation. While more research is needed, this breakthrough offers hope for a future where plastic waste becomes a resource rather than a problem. It represents an important step toward cleaner medicine production and smarter ways to deal with our plastic waste. The study reminds us that with innovation, we can find ways to solve environmental challenges while still making the products we need. 1.What is the purpose of the research team’s study? A. To recycle plastic bottles better. B. To discover new bacterial species. C. To invent better painkiller medicine. D. To increase the production of plastics. 2.What does Dr. Stephen Wallace think of the experiment? A. It brings negative medical effects, B. It is ready for mass production. C. It is an environmentally friendly process. D. It takes much time and requires patience. 3.What will the researchers do next? A. Collect various raw materials. B. Put the medicine on the market. C. Ensure the safety of the medicine. D. Reduce the need for oil in medicine. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards the study? A. Positive. B. Doubtful. C. Disapproving. D. Unclear. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·陕西镇安中学·期中）Some specialists doubt often using noise-cancelling headphones against background noise may hurt people’s hearing skills. Renee Almeida, an audiologist (听力师) at a healthcare trust, has seen a rise in adults who visit her clinic with various hearing issues but tests suggest their hearing is fine. The problem is with their brain, not their ears. They may fail to locate where a sound is from, or follow a conversation with full attention. The condition, known as auditory processing disorder (APD), is often found in children, making them struggle to hear in classrooms or focus on a conversation. The rise in adults with similar issues struck Almeida as strange. She doubts that the widespread use of noise-cancelling headphones may cause ear infections (感染) and affect the process children learn to focus on sounds. For adults, it may make their brain lazy processing sounds, just as muscles weaken without exercise. There’s no scientific evidence that noise-cancelling headphones cause APD, but APD affects about 3%-5% of school-aged children. According to Harvey, a professor at the University of Manchester, listening experience affects our ability to segregate background noise. Interrupting what is heard can be more problematic for children than adults. If a child has repeated ear infections before age five, they’ ll find it hard later to focus on sounds from one direction. Surprisingly, many don’t catch up and need to learn the skill through training on apps such as Sound Storm. Professor Dani at the University of Melbourne says people who use noise-cancelling headphones for long periods may find listening harder when they take them off. But she says the benefits should not be overlooked for managing sensory inputs. “Instead of suggesting abandoning noise-cancelling headphones, we need to stress the need for more comprehensive research studies,” she adds. For now, Professor Dani recommends bone conduction (骨传导) headphones and hearing training. She urges patients to listen to radio debates and to take down the lyrics of rap songs. “There’s great bouncing ability in the brain. Make an effort to listen to what’s being said.” 1.What problem do headphones bring about to the wearers? A. Making their social life difficult. B. Affecting their focus of attention. C. Causing their total loss of hearing. D. Leading to their lazy state of mind. 2.What does the underlined word “segregate” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Strengthen. B. Separate. C. Access. D. Create. 3.Why does Professor Dani recommend listening to radio debates? A. It’s beneficial for people with perfect hearing. B. It’s effective for children under the age of five. C. It helps train the brain to better process and focus. D. It’s for entertainment with no harm to hearing skills. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. APD Can Be Cured with Proper Exercise B. Specialists Call Attention to APD Disease C. Headphones Are Beneficial to Most Adults D. Noise-Cancelling Headphones Cause a Condition 主题语境06 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·山西晋中介休市第一中学校·期中）As the Pacific Northwest baked in 115 degree heat last month, baby hawks (鹰)sat sweating in their nests (巢), 50 feet off the ground. Unable to fly, the young animals dealt with the heat in the only way they could: One by one, they threw themselves out. Nearly 50 baby hawks were rescued from the ground beneath towering trees. More still were brought to animal organizations. To understand how wildlife is affected by extreme heat, says Mazeika Sullivan, a professor of Environment and Natural Resources, it’s important to keep in mind that heat waves are just one of the challenges wildlife face. “It’s about many problems at once,” he says. Extreme heat events are combined with drought, rising temperatures, bigger and more intense wildfires, and increasingly small habitats. Take salmon (三文鱼)as an example. During a heat wave, they’re hit with “a double whammy,” says Sullivan. “It’s like if you had to run a marathon (马拉松)while wearing a plastic bag over your head, while it’s 10 degrees warmer outside,” Sullivan says, “you’d die too.” Environmental problems kill animals all the time. That’s just part of the evolutionary process, says Sullivan. The problem is there isn’t enough genetic (基因的) variation to keep up with the rapid pace of climate change, which includes more frequent and widespread heat waves. Animals now have only a few decades to adapt to changes that historically occurred over millions of years. The hope is that every species has enough extreme-heat-resistant individuals that can pass on their genes to babies. “The other choice is pretty sad,” Sullivan says. “The other choice is that there are no individuals that can survive.” In much of the Pacific Northwest, temperatures have dropped again — for now. But wildfires are burning strongly in the U.S., destroying forests and polluting water sources. “Drought affects us all,” says Sullivan. He says his team is often reminded of a quote by poet W.H. Auden: “Thousands have lived without love, not one without water.” 1.Why did the young hawks leave their nests? A. To follow their parents’ example. B. To escape from extreme heat. C. To practice flying skills. D. To search for food. 2.What does the underlined part “a double whammy” refer to? A. Less oxygen and warmer temperature. B. Pollution and reduced food sources. C. Long distance and fewer companions. D. Smaller habitat and more diseases. 3.What might be the worst result of rapid climate change? A. Animals suffer from unprecedented extreme weather. B. Declining animal populations lower genetic diversity. C. Heat waves eliminate the need for natural selection. D. Evolution is too slow to ensure animal survival. 4.Why does the author use Auden’s quote? A. To highlight the severity of wildfires. B. To suggest emotional needs are less crucial. C. To emphasize the cause of global warming. D. To show the role of temperature in human survival. 主题语境07 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·宁夏回族自治区银川市永宁中学·期中）To the human ears, a field of flowers is silent, except the noise of birds and insects. To certain animal ears, however, a field of flowers is full of conversation. Now, scientists have discovered that plants actually make noise as a way of communicating. In other words, they talk! It has long been known that plants communicate when they are stressed. You need only watch a houseplant to realize that a plant lowers its head when it needs water, or turns yellow when it has been watered too much. Some plants also send out a bad smell when stressed to try and stop insects from taking advantage of their stressed state and eating them up. Now, a new study that was published in Cell and conducted by researchers at Tel Aviv University, shows that not only do plants express themselves in the above ways when stressed, they also make sounds, like talking. According to NoCamels, plants send out sounds at frequencies (频率) between 40 to 80 kilohertz — out of the range (范围) of human ears, but within the range of some animals. “Bats (蝙蝠) make sounds in these ranges all the time, and mice, dogs and cats can partly hear within it,” Dr. Lilach Hadany, one of the authors of the study, told NoCamels. What is surprising about Hadany’s study is that the researchers have managed to understand and group the sounds that plants make for the first time. Plants that are not stressed make about one noise per hour, but plants that are stressed, thirsty, or injured make many hundreds of sounds per hour; and each of these sounds seems to show the certain type of stress the plant is under. This type of information could be key for agriculture (农业). Knowing what sounds their plants are making will help farmers determine whether their plants are in danger or disease and allow them to make the necessary changes to allow their plants to grow well. 1.Why do some plants send out a bad smell? A. To show they hate birds. B. To say they are in need of water. C. To protect themselves from danger. D. To tell people to stop watering them. 2.Which of the following can hear plants most clearly? A. Humans. B. Cats. C. Dogs. D. Bats. 3.What does the last paragraph focus on? A. The big problems farmers have been facing. B. The possible application of the new study. C. The ways for farmers to learn plants’ languages. D. The points needed to be improved for the study. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Plants Change Their Looks to Ask for Help B. Necessary Changes Are Made to Agriculture C. Plants Can Make Sounds to Communicate D. A Field of Plants Is Silent to the Human Ears 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·宁夏回族自治区石嘴山市第一中学·期中）“Then would you invest short-term or long-term?” asks Jennifer Varga, a teacher at Memorial Middle School in New Jersey. Personal-finance courses targeted at pupils are being popularized across America, promoted by rules requiring such instruction. Since 2020, 17 states have adopted laws that make taking a financial course necessary for completing high school, bringing the total up to 25. That figure will probably grow. Pupils in these classes learn not only how to save their earnings in order to have something to invest in the first place, but simple economic problems. Courses cover comparison shopping and the basics of how to properly bank, budget, handle credit and pay for college. Young people badly need these courses. Few teenagers score highly on financial knowledge assessments. Are personal-finance courses the answer? For a long time, the studies said no. Many analyses, including one cited over 2,500 times, claimed that financial courses were of no avail. The analyses made intuitive (直觉的) sense, as many teenagers have yet to work or manage a household. But more recent findings have shown an opposite picture. Research has gotten better and the courses themselves have also improved. Studies that use the gold standard of investigation have found the courses are working well and useful in improving financial knowledge and behaviour. The newest survey conducted in 33 countries found people who take these courses learn the content and budget better. And pupils who take personal-finance courses borrow less money. If they do borrow for college, they choose low-cost options. Some worry about adding one more graduation requirement to the long list, but schools are willing to remove courses with less direct bearing on life skills. “When I was 20, it would have been nice to have this class,” Ms Varga says. She got into some financial trouble as a young adult. “I want them to be better than my generation.” 1.What fuels the spread of personal-finance courses? A. A major demand from schools. B. The unsteadiness of finance. C. A new requirement for graduation. D. The popularity of banking. 2.What can students learn in personal-financial courses? A. Long-term investment. B. Daily finance management. C. Strategies for earning money. D. Policies on financial development. 3.What does the underlined phrase “of no avail” mean in paragraph 4? A. Unfamiliar. B. Unsystematic. C. Inaccessible. D. Ineffective. 4.What do the survey results imply? A. The courses have lasting value. B. More attention is needed to finance. C. Fewer students borrow for college. D. The graduation standards are high. 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·宁夏吴忠中学·期中）Recent research challenges decades of belief about money and happiness. While past studies claimed wealth weakly affects happiness in rich nations, new findings prove income comparison powerfully shapes joy. The key is “relative wealth” — feeling richer than others brings more happiness than high income or education alone. Researchers analyzed 357 global surveys covering 2.3 million people. Participants ranked themselves on a 10-level “status ladder (地位等级)” comparing their position to society. Results revealed social comparison drives over 70% of money’s impact on happiness — far outweighing actual resources. “Money gains power when measured against others,” explains lead researcher Dr. Lee. The researchers also found that the effect of social comparison was stronger in countries, such as Singapore. Resource competition forces constant social evaluation. Yet upward comparisons often backfire. As Mark Twain observed, “Comparison is the death of joy.” Having just a little more money than your parents doesn’t bring much satisfaction, because nowadays the neighbors are clearly much wealthier. Critically, economic growth sometimes fails to improve national happiness. Why? The study suggests unequal progress makes many feel left behind despite personal gains. True well-being requires advancing both personally and relatively within society’s position ladder. Lawmakers thus must balance wealth creation with fair competition policies. 1.How does the study measure “relative wealth”? A. By measuring education levels. B. By using a 10-level status ladder. C. By researching job satisfaction forms. D. By analyzing spending habits. 2.Why does the author mention Mark Twain’s words? A. To criticize social comparison. B. To claim historical wisdom is outdated. C. To emphasize Singapore’s uniqueness. D. To indicate money’s declining importance. 3.What can be inferred about traditional economic policies? A. They overvalue absolute income growth. B. They effectively use social comparison. C. They prioritize education over wealth. D. They ignore resource competition. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Absolute Wealth: Real Path to Happiness B. Why Money Fails to Buy Joy in Modern Society C. The Hidden Power of Relative Wealth Comparison D. Education vs. Income: New Research Findings Passage 2 （25-26高二上·陕西西安高新第一中学·期中）Regardless of how famous they are, and despite the star treatment they receive, many celebrities make it a point to give back to charities. Some have even set up their own private foundations. Their widely publicized visits to troubled areas of the world help to raise awareness of issues such as famine and poverty. According to Jane Cooper of Unicef UK, celebrities have a unique ability to reach huge numbers of people, many of whom might not otherwise be engaged in charitable causes. She pointed out that famous faces had played a significant role in raising funds in recent years, and their energies had produced tangible results, such as enabling millions of children in poorer countries to attend school. But in spite of these successes, there is evidence to suggest that celebrity endorsement (代言) may be overrated. In a survey of members of the public to find out if celebrity involvement would encourage people to donate, researchers found that the impact was not as great as previously odds that they will be found are extremely small. When shown a list of well-known organisations and famous people who represent them, over half of respondents were unable to match the celebrity with the cause. What’s more, three quarters claimed that they didn’t respond to celebrity endorsement in any way. The survey also showed that a few names did stand out as being associated with particular charities. But the presence of a celebrity in a campaign, was not a significant factor when it came to a decision to donate time or money. Instead, the majority of people contribute because of personal connections in their lives and families which make a charity important to them. In another study aimed at young people, most participants cited a compelling (无法抗拒的) mission as their main motivation to give. The second most important incentive was if a friend or peer recommended supporting a particular cause. Only two percent of respondents said they were motivated by celebrity endorsement. This seems to contradict the general assumption that teenagers are particularly influenced by famous people. One possible explanation is that there is a general fatigue (疲倦) with celebrity culture. There is also a suspicion that the stars are the one who benefit most when they offer to do charity work. Some critics have accused that celebrities might actually take attention away from issues by attracting more attention than the causes they represent. So taking all these issues into account, is it time for charities to rethink their campaign strategies and look for alternative ways to reach new audiences? Whichever point of view you favour, there seems to be opportunities for more research into how charity campaigns might develop relationships with celebrities to maximise their potential. This in turn will open up more engagement, and better targeted campaigns — which can only benefit those who really matter — the people and animals that are in need of assistance. 1.What does the underlined word “tangible” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Definite. B. Complicated. C. Limited. D. Temporary. 2.According to the passage, most people contribute to charities because ________. A. they gain benefit from the charities B. they are forced to finish a necessary task C. they believe in the famous people they like D. they are inspired by the people around them 3.The third paragraph is mainly about ________. A. what celebrities achieve in doing charities B. how young people react to celebrity culture C. why young people are hardly influenced by celebrities D. who is to blame for taking attention away from charities 4.What is the author's attitude towards celebrity doing charities? A. Objective. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Unclear. 主题语境03 人与自然-宇宙探索 （25-26高二上·陕西西安第八十五中学·期中）China successfully launched 12 advanced computing satellites into low-Earth orbit using a Long March-6 rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on May 14, 2025. This mission marked a historic milestone: the official start of the Three-body Computing Constellation—the world’s first space-based computing network, named after a classic celestial mechanics problem about three-body motion. Unlike traditional satellites that only collect and transmit data back to Earth for processing, these new satellites are equipped with high-performance on-board computing systems, allowing them to analyze data directly in orbit. Developed jointly by Zhejiang Lab, Guoxing Aerospace, and a team of 50+ aerospace engineers, each satellite boasts a computing capacity of 744 trillion operations per second. When working in the same time, the 12-satellite network forms a seamless(无缝的）“space supercomputer.” In practical tests, it detected a forest fire in Southwest China within 8 seconds and generated a 3D flood map for a disaster-hit area in just 15 seconds — tasks that once took old-style satellites 3 to 5 days to complete. This efficiency leap originates from its ability to cut out the long data transmission loop to Earth, which previously wasted 70% to 90% of mission time. The constellation(星座) also integrates two cutting-edge technologies: 100Gbps laser communication and AI models trained on petabytes of space and Earth data. The laser links ensure ultra-fast, low-delay data sharing between satellites and ground stations, while the AI enables real-time tasks like tracking missing aircraft, monitoring extreme weather such as typhoons, and even analyzing high-energy space events. For deep-space exploration, this network is a game-rules too — it can process data from lunar probes in orbit, reducing the time delay for critical commands from weeks to mere seconds. China has outlined an ambitious expansion plan for the constellation: by 2035, it will grow to 2,800 satellites, covering global airspace, ocean areas, and remote regions. This will create a “space-ground integrated computing system” that supports industries like smart city management, precision agriculture, and emergency response. Professor Wang Jian, the lead engineer at Zhejiang Lab, noted, “Space computing power is no longer a distant concept — it will reshape how we interact with our planet and the universe, turning challenges like disaster relief and deep-space travel into manageable tasks.” As the constellation begins regular operations, it sets a new standard for global space technology innovation. 1.What is the main feature of the Three-body Computing Constellation? A. Named after a physics problem in space. B. Faster in calculations than old satellites. C. Launched via Long March rocket from Jiuquan. D. Processes data in orbit instead of just sending to Earth . 2.What role can the new computing satellites play? A. Sharply reduce earth message waiting time. B. Only find forest fires and make 3D flood maps. C. Help short-distance but not deep-space trips. D. Monitor disasters and study space events. 3.Which is the best title for the passage? A. The Future of Global Deep-Space Exploration. B. A Giant Leap In Space Computing Network. C. The Development of China’s Satellite Technology. D. China’s New Satellites: Boosting Disaster Relief. 4.What will the following passage most probably discuss? A. Historical failures and success of China’s satellite projects. B. Global responses to the advance of China’s satellite plan. C. Differences between China’s constellation and ancient tools. D. Technical challenges and solutions in building the constellation. 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·青海西宁第二中学·期中）Common water plants could provide a green energy source. Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed, one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants. Transferring such plant oil into biodiesel (生物柴油) for transportation and heating could be a big part of a more sustainable future. For a new study, researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants to produce seven times more oil per acre than soybeans. John Shanklin, a biochemist, says further research could double the engineered duckweed’s oil output in the next few years. Unlike fossil fuels, which form underground, biofuels can be refreshed faster than they are used. Fuels made from new and used vegetable oils, animal fat and seaweed can have a lower carbon footprint than fossil fuels do, but there has been a recent negative view against them. This is partly because so many crops now go into energy production rather than food; biofuels take up more than 100 million acres of the world’s agricultural land. Duckweed, common on every continent but Antarctica, is among the world’s most productive plants, and the researchers suggest it could be a game-changing renewable energy source for three key reasons. First, it grows readily in water, so it wouldn’t compete with food crops for agricultural land. Second, duckweed can grow fast in agricultural pollution released into the water. Third, Shanklin and his team found a way to avoid a major biotechnological barrier. For the new study, Shanklin says, the researchers added an oil-producing gene, “turning it on like a light switch” by introducing a particular molecule (分子) only when the plant had finished growing. Shanklin says, “If it replicates (自我复制) in other species — and there’s no reason to think that it would not — this can solve one of our biggest issues, which is how we can make more oil in more plants without negatively affecting growth.” To expand production to industrial levels, scientists will need to design and produce large-scale bases for growing engineered plants and obtaining oil — a challenge, Shanklin says, because duckweed is a non-mainstream crop without much existing infrastructure (基础设施). 1.What can people get from duckweed first-hand? A. Plant oil. B. Stable diesel. C. Sustainable water. D. Natural heat. 2.What does paragraph 4 mainly convey? A. Options for renewable energy. B. Reasons for engineering genes. C. The potential of the revolutionary energy source. D. The approach to avoiding agricultural pollution. 3.What is the decisive factor to mass-produce the plant? A. Industrial levels. B. Unique design. C. Academic research. D. Basic facilities. 4.What would be the best title for the text? A. Duckweed Power B. Duckweed Production C. Genetic Engineering D. Genetic Testing Passage 2 （25-26高二上·宁夏回族自治区石嘴山市第一中学·期中）Urban agriculture, the practice of farming within the limits of a city, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide and is considered a way to make cities and urban food systems more sustainable. Despite strong evidence of the social and nutritional benefits of urban agriculture, its carbon footprint remains understudied. Most previously published studies have focused on high-tech, energy-intensive forms of urban agriculture —such as vertical (垂直的) farms and rooftop greenhouses. The new study aimed to fill some of the knowledge gaps by comparing the carbon footprints of food produced at low-tech urban agriculture sites to conventional crops. The researchers calculated the greenhouse gas emissions (排放) associated with on-farm materials and activities over the lifetime of the farm. The emissions, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents per serving of food, were then compared to foods raised by conventional methods. Farmers and gardeners at urban agriculture sites across the world were employed to use daily diary entries to take down inputs—the materials used to construct farms and cultivate crops—and harvests from their food-growing sites throughout the 2019 season. “By assessing actual inputs and outputs on urban agriculture sites, we were able to determine climate change impacts to each serving of produce,” says study co-lead author Benjamin Goldstein, assistant professor in the School for Environment and Sustainability. On average, food produced through urban agriculture released 0.42 kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents per serving, six times higher than the 0.07 kg CO2e per serving of conventionally grow n produce. It’s also found that most of the climate impacts at urban farms are driven by the infrastructure (基础设施), such as the raised beds in which food is grown, or pathways between plots. “These farms typically only operate for a few years, so the greenhouse gases used to produce those materials are not used effectively. Conventional agriculture, instead, is very efficient and hard to compete with”, Goldstein says. For example, conventional farms often grow a single crop with the help of pesticides and fertilizers, resulting in larger harvests and a reduced carbon footprint when compared to urban farms, he says. 1.What is a benefit of urban agriculture? A. Sustainable food supply. B. High food output. C. Effective energy conservation. D. Low carbon footprint. 2.How is the research data collected? A. By accessing online database. B. By examining previous studies. C. By conducting personal interviews. D. By recording information every day. 3.What could be done to reduce carbon footprint according to Goldstein? A. Increase varieties of crops. B. Extend infrastructure lifetimes. C. Promote rooftop greenhouses. D. Use modern agriculture facilities. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. The benefits of traditional crops. B. The popularity of urban agriculture. C. The strategies to fight global warming. D. The carbon footprint of urban farm produce. 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·青海西宁第二中学·期中）Trillions of evolution’s wonders, red-eyed periodical cicadas (蝉) that have pumps in their heads and jet-like muscles in their bodies, are about to emerge in numbers not seen in decades and possibly centuries. Crawling out from underground every 13 or 17 years, with a collective song as loud as jet engines, the periodical cicadas are nature’s kings of the calendar. These black bugs with bulging eyes differ from their greener cousins that come out annually. They stay buried year after year, until they surface and take over a landscape. This spring, an unusual cicada double population is about to invade a couple of parts of the United States in what University of Connecticut cicada expert John Cooley called “cicada-geddon”. The last time these two broods (a group of creatures) came out together was in 1803. Thomas Jefferson, the then president, wrote about cicadas in his Garden Book but mistakenly called them locusts (蝗虫). Usually mistaken for hungry and unrelated locusts, periodical cicadas are more annoying rather than causing great economic damage. They can hurt young trees and some fruit crops, but it’s not widespread and can be prevented. The largest geographic brood in the nation — called Brood XIX and coming out every 13 years — is about to march through the Southeast, having already created countless boreholes in the red Georgia clay. It’s a sure sign of the coming cicada occupation. “They emerge when the ground warms to 64 degrees, which is happening earlier than it used to because of climate change,” scientists said. “The bugs are brown at first but darken as they mature.” Soon after the insects appear in large numbers in Georgia and the rest of the Southeast, cicada cousins that come out every 17 years will inundate Illinois. They are Brood ⅩⅢ. “And when you put those two together… you would have more than anywhere else any other time,” University of Maryland entomologist Paula Shrewsbury said. “These two broods may actually overlap — but probably not interbreed in a small area near central Illinois.” 1.How are periodical cicadas different from their greener cousins? A. They appear once a year. B. They look more beautiful. C. They have stronger muscles. D. They have a longer life circle. 2.What is a common belief on periodical cicadas? A. They are a type of locusts. B. They have underestimated advantages. C. They are Thomas Jefferson’s inspiration. D. They only eat young trees and fruit crops. 3.What can be inferred about Brood ⅩⅨ? A. The red Georgia clay is more beneficial to them. B. Climate change may be confusing their schedules. C. The adult ones only live 4-6 weeks before they die. D. They are expected to be found throughout the world. 4.What can best replace the underlined word “inundate” in the last paragraph? A. Strike out. B. Give up. C. Flood into. D. Jump at. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·宁夏青铜峡宁朔中学·期中）Yang zhou district now has its first A+ Intelligent Greenhouse Factory. This high-tech farm is a big step forward in modern agriculture. It costs 61 million yuan (about $8.39million) and covers an area of 17,000 square meters. In this greenhouse, leafy greens can grow in just 30 days, which is much faster than traditional farming. This method also produces eight times more vegetables. Thousands of sensors monitor the temperature and humidity (湿度) all the time. Smart systems automatically adjust the airflow and nutrient levels to ensure the best growing conditions.3-D farming technology makes better use of space, increasing land efficiency. Electric rail harvesting platforms lighten the workload by 60 percent, making the work much easier. The greenhouse also has a fish and plant zone with a natural nutrient system. What makes the zone special is that processed fish waste is transformed directly into plant nutrients, ensuring sustainable planting. To meet the greenhouse’ s daily electricity needs, the State Grid Haimen Supply Company equipped a 3.2-kilometer power line and a supply system. A specialized team conducts daily inspections and weekly maintenance on 58power units to ensure undisturbed operation. Soon, the factory will open a research and study base. It will offer immersive experiences such as VR-assisted plant cell observation in the ecological education zone. Additionally, its lab will produce virus-free strawberry seeds under a clean environment. These creations not only boost production but also promote sustainable and efficient farming practices. 1.How does the greenhouse improve the efficiency? A. By using traditional methods. B. By shortening the growth time. C. By observing temperature. D. By reducing the workload. 2.What is the feature of the fish and plant zone? A. It uses fish waste as plant nutrients. B. It requires a large number of nutrients. C. It relies on traditional farming skills. D. It focuses on growing strawberries. 3.What will the base offer when it opens? A. An about 3.2-kilometer power line. B. Daily inspections and maintenance. C. VR-assisted plant cell observation. D. Electric rail harvesting platforms. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Producing virus-free strawberry seeds. B. Providing immersive VR experiences. C. Monitoring temperature and humidity. D. Advancing modern high-tech farming. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。短文主要讲述了扬州地区首个 A + 智能温室工厂的相关情况，包括其投资、面积、种植优势、独特的鱼菜共生区、供电保障以及未来将开放的研究学习基地等，展现了现代农业高科技的发展。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“In this greenhouse, leafy greens can grow in just 30 days, which is much faster than traditional farming. This method also produces eight times more vegetables.(在这个温室里，叶菜类蔬菜只需 30 天就能生长，这比传统农业快得多。这种方法还能使蔬菜产量提高八倍)”可知，温室通过缩短蔬菜的生长时间来提高效率。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段 “What makes the zone special is that processed fish waste is transformed directly into plant nutrients, ensuring sustainable planting.(这个区域的特别之处在于，经过处理的鱼废料被直接转化为植物养分，确保了可持续种植)”可知，鱼菜共生区的特点是利用鱼废料作为植物养分。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段 “Soon, the factory will open a research and study base. It will offer immersive experiences such as VR-assisted plant cell observation in the ecological education zone.(很快，这个工厂将开设一个研究学习基地。它将在生态教育区提供诸如虚拟现实辅助的植物细胞观察等沉浸式体验)”可知，当基地开放时，将提供虚拟现实辅助的植物细胞观察。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Yang zhou district now has its first A+ Intelligent Greenhouse Factory. This high-tech farm is a big step forward in modern agriculture.(扬州地区现在有了首个 A + 智能温室工厂。这个高科技农场是现代农业向前迈出的一大步)”以及后文对温室工厂各方面高科技特点和优势的描述可推知，文章主要讲的是推进现代高科技农业的发展。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·陕西西安第八十五中学·期中）In a world obsessed with IQ and EQ, a lesser-known metric — Play Quotient (PQ) — is gaining recognition as a key driver of long-term success. PQ refers to one’s ability to engage in playful thinking, embrace curiosity, and find joy in exploration — qualities that transcend (胜过) age and profession. Unlike rigid academic skills, PQ fosters adaptability, creativity, and resilience, features increasingly vital in a fast-changing society. PQ manifests in simple yet powerful ways. It’s the employee who solves a complex problem by rephrasing it as a “game” to brainstorm solutions, the student who experiments with new ideas instead of sticking to mechanical learning, or the parent who uses play to teach life lessons. At its core, PQ is about maintaining a sense of wonder: asking “what if?” instead of accepting “what is.” This playful mindset encourages risk-taking without fear of failure, as mistakes are seen as part of the learning process rather than setbacks. Critics may dismiss play as unimportant things, but research shows PQ is associated with significant life outcomes. Studies link higher PQ to enhance problem-solving skills, better stress management, and stronger interpersonal relationships. In the workplace, leaders with high PQ inspire teams to innovate, as they create environments where creativity is raised, not restrained. For children, playful learning builds emotional intelligence and critical thinking, laying the foundation for future success. Importantly, PQ is not born with — like a muscle, it can be strengthened through intentional practice: trying new hobbies, approaching tasks with a lighthearted attitude, and allowing oneself to “waste time” on curious pursuits. In a culture that often prioritizes productivity over joy, nurturing PQ can feel contrary to intuition (直觉). Yet in a world where automation replaces routine tasks, human creativity and adaptability — fueled by PQ — remain irreplaceable. PQ reminds us that success isn’t just about what we know, but how we think: with curiosity, flexibility, and a willingness to play. 1.What does the underlined word “manifest” most probably mean? A. Disappear gradually. B. Improve significantly. C. Show clearly. D. Change completely. 2.Which of the following is an example of high PQ? A. A student memorizing textbook content word for word to pass exams. B. An employee refusing new methods to avoid potential mistakes. C. A parent using role-play games to help their child understand honesty. D. A leader requiring team members to follow rules without exception. 3.It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A. PQ is the most important factor for life success compared with IQ B. people can enhance PQ by actively trying new and interesting things C. PQ only benefits children’s academic performance and growth D. individuals with high IQ are naturally equipped with strong PQ 4.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage? A. To illustrate the importance of PQ as a key skill in modern life. B. To make a detailed comparison between PQ, IQ and EQ. C. To criticize the social trend of overvaluing productivity. D. To provide practical methods for readers to measure their own PQ. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文为一篇说明文，文章主要提出了“玩商”这一概念，并论证它是驱动长期成功与适应未来社会的关键能力。 (1)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据划线词后文的解释“It’s the employee who solves a complex problem by rephrasing it as a “game” to brainstorm solutions, the student who experiments with new ideas instead of sticking to mechanical learning, or the parent who uses play to teach life lessons.(是将复杂难题重构为“游戏”来集思广益的员工，是抛弃机械学习、勇于尝试新思路的学生，或是通过游戏传递人生智慧的父母。)”可知，划线词后文提出了“玩商”在各个角色上的表现，故此处划线词与C项“Show clearly(清楚地表现)”意思相近，即玩商往往通过简单却有力的方式显现，故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“PQ manifests in simple yet powerful ways. It’s the employee who solves a complex problem by rephrasing it as a “game” to brainstorm solutions, the student who experiments with new ideas instead of sticking to mechanical learning, or the parent who uses play to teach life lessons.(玩商往往通过简单却有力的方式显现：可能是将复杂难题重构为“游戏”来集思广益的员工，是抛弃机械学习、勇于尝试新思路的学生，或是通过游戏传递人生智慧的父母。)”可知，玩商体现在通过游戏来传递人生智慧，故“通过角色扮演游戏来帮助孩子学习诚实的父母”是高玩商的体现。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Importantly, PQ is not born with—like a muscle, it can be strengthened through intentional practice: trying new hobbies, approaching tasks with a lighthearted attitude, and allowing oneself to “waste time” on curious pursuits.(值得注意的是，玩商并非与生俱来——它如同肌肉，可通过刻意练习增强：尝试新爱好、以轻松心态面对任务、允许自己在好奇探索中“虚度时光”。)”可推知，玩商如同肌肉一样，可以通过尝试新的爱好和有趣的兴趣来增强，故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“In a world obsessed with IQ and EQ, a lesser-known metric — Play Quotient (PQ) — is gaining recognition as a key driver of long-term success. PQ refers to one’s ability to engage in playful thinking, embrace curiosity, and find joy in exploration — qualities that transcend (胜过) age and profession. Unlike rigid academic skills, PQ fosters adaptability, creativity, and resilience, features increasingly vital in a fast-changing society.(在一个痴迷于智商与情商的时代，一种名为“玩商”的隐性指标正被重新定义为长期成功的关键驱动力。玩商代表着人们进行游戏化思考、保持好奇心并在探索中获取快乐的能力——这种特质无关年龄与职业。与刻板的学术技能不同，玩商能培养适应性、创造力与抗挫力，而这些特质在瞬息万变的社会中愈发珍贵。)”并通读全文可知，文章主要提出了“玩商”这一概念，并论证它是驱动长期成功与适应未来社会的关键能力，故本文的目的是为了说明玩商在现代生活中的重要性。故选A。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·陕西镇安中学·期中）Mickey Mouse welcomed visitors to his new home in China on June 16, 2016 as Disney opened its first theme park in the country. The park, located in the city of Shanghai, opened with fireworks. Joe Schott, president and general manager of Shanghai Disney Resort, said, “I can promise you that there is still so much left to be revealed, and I cannot wait to share it all with you in the months and years to come.” Tens of thousands streamed into Shanghai Disneyland for its debut(问世), an event that was nearly two decades in the making. The $ 5.5 billion resort(度假胜地) covers 963 acres, but Disney has already begun expansion. Company officials said they tried to reflect Chinese preferences in the new park. “We didn’t build Disneyland in China, we built China’s Disneyland,” said Bob Iger, Disney’s chairman. There’s a traditional Chinese tea house featuring local food. The Lion King performed in Mandarin for the first time, features the Monkey King and characters dressed in Chinese opera garb(服装)to appeal to an Asian audience. In the castle, guests not only walk through, as they do in other Disney parks, they can also eat and shop. When it was discovered that Chinese people didn’t have a favourite Disney princess, the company decided that the castle would feature all the princesses. Parks in California and France are based on the Sleeping Beauty story. “The visitors can learn the princesses over time, and this gives them an opportunity to have an introduction to all of the princess stories,” said executive producer Ali Rubinstein. However, China’s Disneyland sometimes are not closely related to China. Disney’s only animated film based on a Chinese story, Mulan, which tells the tale of a Chinese warrior woman, got neither its own ride nor stage show. The character appears only as a statue and afloat in the parade. 1.What’s Joe Schott’s attitude to Shanghai Disney Resort? A. Disappointed. B. Concerned. C. Doubtful. D. Confident. 2.What can be learned from what Bob said in paragraph 6? A. They build the theme park in China. B. The theme park belongs to China. C. The theme park has Chinese elements. D. The theme park has a long Chinese history. 3.Why does China’s Disneyland have all kinds of princesses? A. Chinese people have no certain favourite Disney princess. B. Chinese people don’t know any princess characters in Disney movies. C. Chinese people believe “the more, the better”. D. Parks in other countries are based on the Sleeping Beauty story. 4.What is the purpose of giving the Mulan example? A. To show the Chinese character of Disneyland. B. To show Mulan is an important part of Chinese culture. C. To show China’s Disneyland has not reflected enough Chinese culture. D. To show Disneyland has too few Chinese character films. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国上海的迪士尼乐园。设计者在里面融入了大量的中国元素。当然也提到了一些遗憾的地方，对中国元素还是有一些没有做到位的地方。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“I can promise you that there is still so much left to be revealed, and I cannot wait to share it all with you in the months and years to come.”(我可以向你保证，还有很多事情要透露，我迫不及待地想在未来的岁月里与大家分享这一切。)可知，Joe Schott对上海迪士尼乐园的态度是充满信心的。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段““We didn’t build Disneyland in China, we built China’s Disneyland,” said Bob Iger, Disney’s chairman.”(迪士尼董事长鲍勃·伊格尔表示：“我们不是在中国建造迪士尼乐园，而是建造了中国的迪士尼。”)和第七段“There’s a traditional Chinese tea house featuring local food. The Lion King performed in Mandarin for the first time, features the Monkey King and characters dressed in Chinese opera garb(服装)to appeal to an Asian audience.”(有一家传统的中国茶馆，以当地食物为特色。《狮子王》首次以普通话演出，主角是孙悟空和身着中国戏曲服装的角色(服装)吸引亚洲观众。)可知，接下来提到的中国茶社、当地食物、中国戏曲服装、美猴王等都在说上海的迪士尼是融入了中国当地文化的迪士尼乐园。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第八段“When it was discovered that Chinese people didn’t have a favourite Disney princess, the company decided that the castle would feature all the princesses.”(当发现中国人没有最喜欢的迪斯尼公主时，该公司决定将所有公主都放在城堡里。) 可知，因为中国人没有特定的最受喜爱的迪士尼公主，所以在中国迪士尼乐园有迪士尼电影中所有的公主。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, China’s Disneyland sometimes are not closely related to China. Disney’s only animated film based on a Chinese story, Mulan, which tells the tale of a Chinese warrior woman, got neither its own ride nor stage show. The character appears only as a statue and afloat in the parade.”(然而，中国的迪斯尼乐园有时与中国没有密切联系。迪士尼唯一一部基于中国故事的动画片《花木兰》，讲述了一位中国女战士的故事，既没有自己的骑乘节目，也没有舞台剧。这个角色只是一尊雕像，漂浮在游行队伍中。)可知，文中提到花木兰主要是指花木兰电影是迪士尼拍过的唯一以中国故事为背景的动画电影，而这个角色却在中国迪士尼只是一个雕塑，没有进一步挖掘成舞台剧等。表明中国的迪士尼乐园没有充分反映中国文化。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·陕西榆林靖边中学·期中）Aysen, the third-largest region in Chile, is a nature lover’s dream. Glaciers, mountains, rivers, and lakes dot the landscape, with lots of fantastic national parks and amazing nature reserves for you to check out. Laguna San Rafael National Park Located on southern Chile’s Pacific coastline, Laguna San Rafael National Park is one of the most beautiful parts of the country. The park includes the Northern Patagonian Ice Field, which includes both the San Rafael and San Quintin glaciers. You’ll also find Monte Sa Valentin, the highest peak in the southern Andes. Queulat National Park Thanks to its remote location, Queulat National Park is home to a remarkable range of untouched and unspoiled landscape. Its hanging glacier is undoubtedly the park’s most impressive part, as two twinkling waterfalls made of melted ice plunge to the ground from a rocky cliff face. Cerro Castille National Reserve Named after the rocky peak that lies at its heart, Cerro Castille National Reserve is a wonderfully wild part of Chile to explore. The reserve protects and preserves the natural habitats of many different animals and plants. Visitors can sometimes spot South Andean deer, guanacos, and Andean condors off in the distance. Tamango National Park Reserve Located near the southernmost town along Chile’s famous Carretera Austral, Tamango National Park Reserve boasts marvelous scenery and features water sports. You can always go kayaking, swimming, or fishing in nearby Lago Cochrane. A boat trip along the Lago Cochrane is a fabulous way to see more incredible scenery. 1.In which park can you find the highest peak in the southern Andes? A. Queulat National Park. B. Cerro Castille National Reserve. C. Laguna San Rafael National Park. D. Tamango National Park Reserve. 2.What makes Cerro Castille National Reserve special? A. It has a famous hanging glacier and waterfalls. B. It offers water sports like kayaking and fishing on a lake. C. It includes a large ice field with two well-known glaciers. D. It is named after a central rocky peak and protects diverse wildlife. 3.Who is the passage written for? A. Nature lovers who look for travel destinations in Chile. B. Workers who are building national parks in Chile. C. Scientists who are studying glacial changes. D. Local students who are interested in Chile’s art and history. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A 【解析】【导语】 文章介绍了智利第三大区艾森的四处自然园区，分别讲述各园区特色景观与游玩亮点，适合自然爱好者前往游览。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据小标题Laguna San Rafael National Park下的最后一句“You’ll also find Monte Sa Valentin, the highest peak in the southern Andes. (你还会发现南部安第斯山脉的最高峰——圣瓦伦丁山。)”可知，在圣拉斐尔湖国家公园可以找到南部安第斯山脉的最高峰。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据小标题Cerro Castille National Reserve下的描述“Named after the rocky peak that lies at its heart, Cerro Castille National Reserve is a wonderfully wild part of Chile to explore. The reserve protects and preserves the natural habitats of many different animals and plants. (卡斯蒂略山国家保护区以腹地的岩石山峰命名，是智利原生态风貌十足的游玩之地。这里守护着各类动植物的自然栖息地。)”可知，该保护区的特别之处在于它以中心的岩石山峰命名，并且保护着多样的野生动植物。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Aysen, the third-largest region in Chile, is a nature lover’s dream. Glaciers, mountains, rivers, and lakes dot the landscape, with lots of fantastic national parks and amazing nature reserves for you to check out. (艾森是智利第三大行政区，堪称自然爱好者的理想胜地。冰川、山峦、河流与湖泊错落分布，境内还有众多景色绝美的国家公园和自然保护区可供游览。)”并结合全文可知，文章详细介绍了智利艾森地区的四个自然景点及游玩特色。由此可以推断，这篇文章是写给那些寻找智利旅游目的地的自然爱好者的。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·宁夏吴忠中学·期中）Inspired by the Chinese blockbuster film Ne Zha 2, where the immortal Taiyi Zhenren uses the Seven-Coloured Lotus (莲花) to reconstruct bodies, a scientific team in Wuhan, Hubei Province has spent a decade developing real-life bone regeneration technology using lotus. A research team from Wuhan Polytechnic University’s School of Food Science and Engineering has pioneered a groundbreaking medical application using extracts from lotus root fibers. By employing 3D printing technology, they create customized bone scaffolds (支架) tailored to bone defect areas. These scaffolds stabilize fractured skeletons while guiding cells to grow along the lotus fiber structures, accelerating bone tissue regeneration. Jiang Xueye, a lead researcher on the team, explained that compared to traditional steel nail implants, the lotus fiber scaffolds address issues such as poor adaptability and extensive surgical exposure. They also significantly reduce the risk of patient rejection. Crucially, the scaffold’s degradation perfectly corresponds with the rate of new bone growth, making secondary removal surgeries unnecessary. The technology is currently undergoing animal trials and, if successfully applied in clinical settings, could dramatically lower treatment costs and ease suffering for fracture patients, the school noted. Beyond medical breakthroughs, the team has made remarkable progress in developing functional food ingredients and health products from lotus roots. Their patented lotus root powder preserves nearly all nutrients and can be used to create instant drink mixes, fish cakes and cookies, high-activity probiotic products through lactic acid bacteria fermentation (乳酸菌发酵) . The gelatinized (糊化) powder also serves as a material for 3D-printed foods, suggesting a future where imaginative treats shaped like Ne Zha or his Wind and Fire Wheels could be crafted on demand. 1.What is the main focus of the research team from Wuhan Polytechnic University? A. Creating traditional steel nail implants. B. Developing new 3D printers. C. Producing functional foods from lotus roots. D. Using lotus root fibers to rebuild bones. 2.What advantage do lotus fiber scaffolds have over traditional steel nail implants? A. They reduce the risk of patient rejection and avoid secondary surgeries. B. They are cheaper to produce. C. They never lead to immune rejection. D. They immediately dissolve post-surgery to prevent infection. 3.What is a potential application of the gelatinized lotus root powder? A. Construction materials for bridges. B. 3D-printed foods shaped like characters or objects. C. Clothing for athletes. D. Fuel for vehicles. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards the research team’s work? A. Neutral and indifferent. B. Doubtful and critical. C. Enthusiastic and supportive. D. Confused and uncertain. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了受电影《哪吒 2》启发，武汉一科研团队用莲藕开发出骨再生技术，还从莲藕中开发出功能性食品成分和健康产品，介绍了这些成果的优势及应用前景。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“A research team from Wuhan Polytechnic University’s School of Food Science and Engineering has pioneered a groundbreaking medical application using extracts from lotus root fibers. By employing 3D printing technology, they create customized bone scaffolds (支架) tailored to bone defect areas. (武汉轻工大学食品科学与工程学院的一个研究团队开创了一项突破性的医学应用，使用莲藕纤维提取物。通过采用3D打印技术，他们创建了针对骨缺损区域的定制骨支架。)”可知，该研究团队的主要关注点是用莲藕纤维重建骨骼。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Jiang Xueye, a lead researcher on the team, explained that compared to traditional steel nail implants, the lotus fiber scaffolds address issues such as poor adaptability and extensive surgical exposure. They also significantly reduce the risk of patient rejection. Crucially, the scaffold’s degradation perfectly corresponds with the rate of new bone growth, making secondary removal surgeries unnecessary. (团队首席研究员江雪叶解释说，与传统钢钉植入物相比，莲藕纤维支架解决了适应性差和手术暴露范围大等问题。它们还显著降低了患者排斥的风险。至关重要的是，支架的降解与新骨生长的速度完美对应，无需进行二次移除手术。)”可知，与传统钢钉植入物相比，莲藕纤维支架降低了患者排斥的风险，避免了二次手术。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The gelatinized (糊化) powder also serves as a material for 3D-printed foods, suggesting a future where imaginative treats shaped like Ne Zha or his Wind and Fire Wheels could be crafted on demand. (糊化粉末还可作为3D打印食品的材料，这预示着未来可以按需制作出像哪吒或他的风火轮那样形状的富有想象力的美食。)”可知，糊化莲藕根粉的潜在应用是制作成3D打印的像人物或物体形状的食物。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Inspired by the Chinese blockbuster film Ne Zha 2, where the immortal Taiyi Zhenren uses the Seven-Coloured Lotus (莲花) to reconstruct bodies, a scientific team in Wuhan, Hubei Province has spent a decade developing real-life bone regeneration technology using lotus. (受中国大片《哪吒 2》的启发，片中仙人太乙真人用七色莲花重塑身体，湖北省武汉市的一个科研团队花了十年时间开发出用莲藕进行现实生活中的骨再生技术。)”以及后文对该团队成果的详细介绍可知，作者对研究团队的工作持热情和支持的态度。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·陕西榆林靖边中学·期中）Postmates, an American delivery company, has built a robot, called Serve, which was designed to make short-distance deliveries in cities. To know what’s going on, Serve has a laser radar (激光雷达) sensor on top, in which spinning lasers let it detect objects around it and know how far away they are. Also, behind each artificial eye is a camera, with six more imaging devices spread around the robot. Inside it is another sensor that allows Postmates to know if there is a package in there. “One of our key decisions early on was to rely heavily on the robot’s ability to see the environment,” says Ali Kashani, the vice president for robotics at Postmates. “Since the sidewalk is a very chaotic environment,” he points out, “the robot needs to be able to take it all in and figure out what to do. This robot, and many like it, also must be able to show their intentions to the pedestrians (行人). For that, it has a number of approaches. One is using its eyes; another is a colorful light ring that goes around the top. When it wants to make way for a pedestrian, it will use its eyes and look down,” he explains. “It can also use the lights on the top as a turn signal, which is obvious, and also look left and right when it’s turning left and right.” “Using eye movements and other silent signals is a good idea,” says Aaron Steinfeld, a professor of human-robot interaction. Serve is intended for sidewalks and Steinfeld says that environment is challenging. People usually walk fast while staring at a smartphone. For a robot, that’s a lot. “We have active research on robot moving socially around walking people,” he says. “And it’s really tricky to do this well.” Postmates plans to use Serve in Los Angeles at first, and its intended task is to move small objects over short distances. The robot can travel 30 miles on one charge and is able to carry 50 pounds. 1.What is the function of Serve? A. To make short-distance deliveries. B. To clean city sidewalks. C. To guide pedestrians on roads. D. To carry heavy goods for the deliverymen. 2.How does Serve know about the objects around it? A. By following GPS signals. B. By asking the deliverymen for help. C. By using a laser radar sensor. D. By communicating with pedestrians. 3.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The design of Serve’s artificial eyes. B. Aaron Steinfeld’s research on robots. C. Why streets are dangerous for pedestrians. D. How Serve senses the environment and shows intentions. 4.What can be known from the last paragraph? A. Serve is able to carry heavy goods. B. Serve will first be used in Los Angeles. C. Serve can travel 50 miles on one charge. D. Serve will be used in all U.S. cities soon. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 文章主要介绍了Postmates公司送货机器人Serve的功能与设计特点。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Postmates, an American delivery company, has built a robot, called Serve, which was designed to make short-distance deliveries in cities.(美国送货公司Postmates制造了一款名为Serve的机器人，旨在城市中进行短距离送货)”可知，Serve的功能是进行短距离送货。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“To know what’s going on, Serve has a laser radar (激光雷达) sensor on top, in which spinning lasers let it detect objects around it and know how far away they are.(为了了解周围情况，Serve顶部装有激光雷达传感器，旋转的激光让它能探测周围物体并知道它们的距离)”可知，Serve通过激光雷达传感器感知周围物体。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段中““One of our key decisions early on was to rely heavily on the robot’s ability to see the environment,” says Ali Kashani, the vice president for robotics at Postmates. “Since the sidewalk is a very chaotic environment,” he points out, “the robot needs to be able to take it all in and figure out what to do. This robot, and many like it, also must be able to show their intentions to the pedestrians (行人). For that, it has a number of approaches. One is using its eyes; another is a colorful light ring that goes around the top. When it wants to make way for a pedestrian, it will use its eyes and look down,” he explains. “It can also use the lights on the top as a turn signal, which is obvious, and also look left and right when it’s turning left and right.”(“我们在早期做出的一项关键决策，就是高度依赖机器人的环境感知能力，”Postmates公司机器人技术副总裁Ali Kashani表示。“鉴于人行道是一种极其混乱的环境，”他指出，“机器人必须能够全面感知周围情况，并判断该如何行动。”这款机器人——以及许多同类产品——还必须具备向行人传达自身意图的能力。为此，它采用了多种方式：一是利用“眼睛”（视觉提示）；二是在顶部设置一圈彩色灯环。卡沙尼解释道：“当它想给行人让路时，会通过‘眼睛’朝下看。它还能将顶部的灯光用作转向信号灯，这一点非常直观；在左右转弯时，它也会配合做出向左或向右看的动作。”)”可知，第三段主要讲述Serve如何感知环境以及如何向行人展示意图。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Postmates plans to use Serve in Los Angeles at first, and its intended task is to move small objects over short distances.(Postmates计划首先在洛杉矶使用Serve，其预定任务是短距离搬运小物件。)”可知，Serve将首先在洛杉矶投入使用。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·陕西宝鸡·期中）Have you ever asked yourself why children go to school? You probably say that they go to learn their own language and English, mathematics, geography (地理), history, science and all the other subjects. We send our children to school to prepare them for the time when they grow up and have to work for themselves. They learn their own language so that they know and understand what others tell them. They learn English in order to be able to benefit from what people in western countries have written and said, and in order to make people from other countries understand what they themselves mean. They learn mathematics in order to be able to measure and count things in their daily life, geography in order to know something about the world around them, and history to know something about the human beings they meet every day. Nearly everything they study at school has some practical use in their life, but is that the only reason why they go to school? No. There is more in education than just learning facts. We go to school above all to learn how to learn so that we can continue to learn when we have left school. A man who really knows how to learn will always be successful, because whenever he has to do it he does it in the best way. The uneducated person, on the other hand, either is unable to do something new or does it badly. The purpose of school, therefore, is not just to teach languages, mathematics, geography, etc., but to teach students the way to learn. 1.In order to make other people from foreign countries understand you, you should learn ________. A. modern science B. foreign languages C. geography D. history 2.Nearly all the subjects they learn at school have ________. A. no use in their future life B. little use in their future life C. nothing to do with their daily life D. some practical use in their life 3.A person will surely be successful if he really knows ________. A. how to learn B. some foreign languages C. something new D. several subjects 4.On the whole, children go to school ________. A. to learn science and languages B. to learn how to be good students C. to get ready for their future D. to make new friends 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了孩子们上学的目的不仅仅是学习具体的学科知识，更重要的是学会如何学习，为未来的生活和工作做准备。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They learn English in order to be able to benefit from what people in western countries have written and said, and in order to make people from other countries understand what they themselves mean.(他们学习英语，以便能够从西方国家的人们所写和所说的内容中受益，并且为了让其他国家的人理解他们自己的意思。)”可知，为了让来自其他国家的人理解你，你应该学习外语。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Nearly everything they study at school has some practical use in their life, but is that the only reason why they go to school?(他们在学校学的几乎所有科目在他们的生活中都有实际用途，但这是不是他们上学的唯一原因呢？)”可知，他们在学校学的几乎所有科目都有实际用途。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“A man who really knows how to learn will always be successful, because whenever he has to do it he does it in the best way.(一个真正懂得如何学习的人总是会成功，因为他每次需要学习时都会以最好的方式去做。)”可知，如果一个人真正知道如何学习，他一定会成功。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“We send our children to school to prepare them for the time when they grow up and have to work for themselves.(我们送孩子上学是为了让他们为将来长大后需要自己工作做准备。)”以及第三段中“The purpose of school, therefore, is not just to teach languages, mathematics, geography, etc., but to teach students the way to learn.(因此，学校的目的是不仅教授语言、数学、地理等科目，还要教会学生如何学习。)”可知，孩子们上学的整体目的是为了他们的未来做准备。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·陕西榆林神木中学·期中）A simple handshake may reveal more than just a greeting. A new study suggests that the way people shake hands could unconsciously communicate emotions and personality characteristics. Dr. Emily Carter, a behavioral psychologist leading the research, studies non-verbal (非口头的) communication and its role in relationships. Her curiosity about handshakes began during a leadership workshop. She noticed that participants’ handshakes varied significantly, and she wondered if these differences might carry meaningful information. To test her idea, she and her team conducted an experiment. The researchers found 200 volunteers and recorded their handshakes using high-speed cameras and pressure sensors. Participants were asked to shake hands with strangers, friends, and colleagues under different situations, such as meeting for the first time, resolving a conflict, or celebrating success. The team also measured participants’ heart rates and skin reactions to track emotional responses. The findings were revealing. Strong, firm handshakes were often associated with confidence and enthusiasm, while weaker handshakes tended to signal nervousness or discomfort. Notably, longer handshakes with slight upward movements were linked to excitement, while short, rigid ones reflected tension. The study also illustrated that the temperature and moisture (湿度) of a person’s hand could reflect their emotional state. Warmer, slightly sweaty hands were more common when participants felt anxious or stressed, while cooler, dry hands were linked to calmness. Carter believes these insights have practical applications. For instance, business professionals could use handshake analysis to better understand their clients’ emotions during negotiations. Similarly, advisors might use it as a tool to understand a client’s emotional state without relying only on verbal communication. However, Carter cautions that handshakes are just one piece of the puzzle. “Human interaction is complex, and something as simple as a handshake can speak volumes, “ she says. As scientists continue to explore the mysteries of non-verbal communication, it’s clear that no single gesture can tell the whole story. 1.What’s the function of paragraph 1? A. To describe an experiment. B. To introduce the main topic. C. To tell a true story. D. To give an example. 2.Why did Dr. Emily and her team decide to conduct an experiment? A. To test if the differences in handshakes carry meaningful information. B. To study the exact definition of non-verbal communication. C. To record the heart rates of people in different social situations. D. To help business professionals understand their clients better. 3.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. The specific steps of the experiment. B. How to use handshake analysis in daily life. C. The main results of the experiment. D. How to shake hands with different people. 4.What does the last paragraph show? A. Handshake analysis has no real value. B. A single gesture cannot explain everything. C. Non-verbal communication has been fully explored by scientists. D. Handshakes are the most important part of non-verbal communication. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新的研究表明人们握手的方式可能会无意识地传达情感和性格特征。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“A simple handshake may reveal more than just a greeting. A new study suggests that the way people shake hands could unconsciously communicate emotions and personality characteristics.(一个简单的握手可能不仅仅是一个问候。一项新的研究表明，人们握手的方式可能会无意识地传达情感和性格特征。)”可知，第一段通过描述握手可能揭示的信息，引出了文章的主题，即握手方式可能传达情感和性格特征。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Her curiosity about handshakes began during a leadership workshop. She noticed that participants’ handshakes varied significantly, and she wondered if these differences might carry meaningful information. To test her idea, she and her team conducted an experiment.(她对握手的好奇始于一次领导力研讨会。她注意到参与者的握手方式差异很大，她想知道这些差异是否可能携带有意义的信息。为了验证她的想法，她和她的团队进行了一项实验。)”可知，Emily博士和她的团队决定进行实验是为了测试握手方式的差异是否携带有意义的信息。故选A。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“The findings were revealing. Strong, firm handshakes were often associated with confidence and enthusiasm, while weaker handshakes tended to signal nervousness or discomfort. Notably, longer handshakes with slight upward movements were linked to excitement, while short, rigid ones reflected tension. The study also illustrated that the temperature and moisture (湿度) of a person’s hand could reflect their emotional state. Warmer, slightly sweaty hands were more common when participants felt anxious or stressed, while cooler, dry hands were linked to calmness.(研究结果很有启发性。有力、坚定的握手通常与自信和热情相关，而较弱的握手往往表明紧张或不适。值得注意的是，较长且带有轻微向上动作的握手与兴奋有关，而短而僵硬的握手则反映了紧张。研究还表明，一个人手的温度和湿度可以反映他们的情绪状态。当参与者感到焦虑或紧张时，手更温暖、微微出汗的情况更常见，而手更凉爽、干燥则与平静有关。)”可知，第四段主要描述了实验的主要结果，即握手方式与情感和性格特征之间的联系。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, Carter cautions that handshakes are just one piece of the puzzle. “Human interaction is complex, and something as simple as a handshake can speak volumes,” she says. As scientists continue to explore the mysteries of non-verbal communication, it’s clear that no single gesture can tell the whole story.(然而，Carter警告说，握手只是谜题的一部分。“人类互动是复杂的，像握手这样简单的事情可以说明很多问题，”她说。随着科学家继续探索非语言交流的奥秘，很明显，没有一个单一的手势能说明整个故事。)”可知，最后一段表明一个单一的手势不能解释一切。故选B。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·山西三晋联盟山西名校·期中）Tens of thousands of people bleed to death each year before they can get to a hospital. That’s because ambulances can’t routinely carry blood, which would fail to work without sufficient refrigeration. So scientists have been on a quest to develop artificial blood that could be stored in powdered (粉状的) form and could be mixed with water on the spot to save lives. Some of this research is being conducted at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore. Allan Doctor’s team makes artificial blood from hemoglobin (血红蛋白). The researchers obtain hemoglobin from outdated blood and enclose it in a bubble (泡) of fat, essentially creating artificial red blood cells (细胞) for use. This protective bubble is the innovation that Allan thinks will solve the safety problems caused by other attempts at making artificial blood. Other efforts also used hemoglobin, but unprotected hemoglobin can be poisonous to organs (器官). “We have to hide the hemoglobin inside a cell. It’s an artificial cell that makes it safe and effective,” Allan says. The scientists then freeze-dry the artificial red blood cells into a powder that can stay good until an emergency. It’s designed so that at the moment it’s needed, medics can mix it with water and within a minute they have blood. It has a long shelf life for years, and it can be easily transported. Allan’s team has applied their artificial blood to hundreds of injured rabbits and so far it looks safe and effective. While the results so far seem positive, Allan says he still needs to prove that his artificial blood would be safe and effective for people. “I think it’s a reasonable approach,” says Tim Estep, a scientist who consults with companies developing artificial blood. “But because this field has been so challenging, the proof will be in the clinical trials,” he adds. “While I’m overall optimistic, placing a bet on any one technology right now is overall difficult.” 1.Why do scientists develop artificial blood? A. To save the space of ambulances. B. To deal with blood storage issue. C. To save those who bleed heavily. D. To replace the outdated blood. 2.What is the function of bubble of fat to hemoglobin? A. To speed up its reproduction. B. To remove its harm to organs. C. To keep it from forming cells. D. To make its freeze-drying easy. 3.What highlights the powdered artificial blood? A. It won’t go bad easily. B. It functions without water. C. It produces rapid effects. D. It cuts down patients’ costs. 4.What is Tim Estep’s attitude towards Allan’s artificial blood? A. Careful. B. Doubtful. C. Supportive. D. Curious. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. A　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家为解决救护车无法常规携带血液（需冷藏）导致失血患者死亡的问题，研发可储存为粉末状、现场用水混合使用的人工血液的过程、创新点及当前面临的挑战。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“That’s because ambulances can’t routinely carry blood, which would fail to work without sufficient refrigeration. So scientists have been on a quest to develop artificial blood that could be stored in powdered (粉状的) form and could be mixed with water on the spot to save lives.(那是因为救护车无法常规携带血液，而血液在没有足够冷藏的情况下会失效。因此，科学家们一直在努力研发一种人工血液，它可以以粉末形式储存，并能在现场与水混合以拯救生命。)”可知，救护车无法携带血液的核心问题是血液储存需要冷藏（即血液储存问题），科学家研发人工血液的直接原因是解决这一储存难题（通过粉末状储存替代冷藏）。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Other efforts also used hemoglobin, but unprotected hemoglobin can be poisonous to organs (器官). “We have to hide the hemoglobin inside a cell. It’s an artificial cell that makes it safe and effective,” Allan says.(其他研究也使用了血红蛋白，但未受保护的血红蛋白会对器官产生毒性。艾伦说：“我们必须把血红蛋白包裹在一个细胞里，这个人造细胞能让血红蛋白变得安全有效”)” 可知，脂肪泡的作用是包裹血红蛋白，消除其对器官的伤害。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“The scientists then freeze-dry the artificial red blood cells into a powder that can stay good until an emergency. It’s designed so that at the moment it’s needed, medics can mix it with water and within a minute they have blood. It has a long shelf life for years, and it can be easily transported.(科学家们随后将人造红细胞冷冻干燥成粉末状，这种粉末可长期保存至紧急情况发生时使用。该粉末的设计初衷是，在需要使用的紧急时刻，医护人员只需将其与水混合，一分钟内即可制备出可用的血液。此外，这种人造红细胞粉末的保质期长达数年，且运输起来十分便捷。)”可知，粉末状人工血液的突出特点是保质期长、不易变质。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Tim Estep所说的“I think it’s a reasonable approach,(我认为这是一种合理的方法)” 以及“But because this field has been so challenging, the proof will be in the clinical trials, while I’m overall optimistic, placing a bet on any one technology right now is overall difficult.(但由于这个领域的研究极具挑战性，其有效性还有待临床试验来验证。虽然我总体持乐观态度，但目前就对任何一种技术下结论都还为时过早。)” 可知，他虽认可方法的合理性，但强调需要临床试验验证，对技术的最终成功持谨慎态度。故选A项。 主题语境05 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·山西三晋联盟山西名校·期中）Since Glacier National Park’s creation, it has represented the spiritual treasure of Americans with its breathtaking landscapes. But today, climate warming threatens the very emblem of the park, leaving it facing a future in which its name could be a cruel irony (残酷的讽刺). Deep within Glacier National Park, visitors now can see an amazing sight: a peaceful lake of pale blue water lying among towering peaks. Beautiful as it is, the very presence of this lake is not desired by people. Just a few decades ago, the land was entirely frozen. Now the glacier itself is reduced to taking up a small area, sheltered from the sun at the edge of the lake created through its own melting. The park has already lost 60 percent of its namesake (同名物) glaciers since the 1850s, and scientists predict their complete disappearance by the end of the century. Families from all over the US and abroad flood to these natural wonders to create memories that will last. Protecting the national park is one of the rare issues that bring political opponents together in the US. With tens of millions of visitors to these sites every year, it is also a matter of economic necessity. The US government recently announced considerable funds to help. This has issued a challenge to the identity of National Park Service, a US agency brought into existence by a 1916 law that called for the preservation of those treasured pristine (处于原始状态的) sites for the enjoyment of future generations. “But it’s now pretty clear that it’s not achievable in many places,” admits John Gross, an ecologist with the National Park Serviceˈs Climate Change Response Program. “It’s certainly possible that the park could lose the iconic feature for which it has been named.” The climate crisis has thus brought about a shift in the organizationˈs philosophy: It’s acceptable to change a park’s natural state to stop its further worsening. 1.What does the underlined word “emblem” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Symbol. B. Location. C. Recovery. D. Construction. 2.Why is the new lake in the park mentioned? A. To stress the economic value of the park. B. To serve as evidence of the warming climate. C. To explain the process of glacier formation. D. To describe a new popular tourist attraction. 3.What can be learned about the National Park Service? A. It mainly allows for economic benefits. B. It shows confidence in restoring the park. C. It is forced to adjust its protection principle. D. It is taking measures to limit visitor numbers. 4.Which can be the best title for the text? A. A New Idea for Park Protection B. A Park Is Economically on Thin Ice C. A Political Agreement on Renaming a Park D. A Park Might Be at Risk of Redefining Itself 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了冰川国家公园因气候变暖面临冰川消融危机，其标志性特征可能消失，迫使美国国家公园管理局调整保护理念。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Since Glacier National Park’s creation, it has represented the spiritual treasure of Americans with its breathtaking landscapes. But today, climate warming threatens the very emblem of the park, leaving it facing a future in which its name could be a cruel irony. (自冰川国家公园建立以来，它以其壮丽的景观成为美国人民精神上的瑰宝。但如今，气候变暖正威胁着这座公园的emblem，使它面临一个未来：它的名字可能成为一种残酷的讽刺。)”可知，冰川是公园的标志，emblem含义为“象征、标志”，和Symbol词义相符。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Just a few decades ago, the land was entirely frozen. Now the glacier itself is reduced to taking up a small area, sheltered from the sun at the edge of the lake created through its own melting. (仅仅几十年前，这片土地完全被冰冻。现在冰川本身缩小到只占很小的面积，躲在自己融化形成的湖泊边缘躲避阳光。)”可知，新湖泊的出现是冰川融化的结果，被用来作为气候变暖的证据。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The climate crisis has thus brought about a shift in the organization's philosophy: It’s acceptable to change a park’s natural state to stop its further worsening. (气候危机因此带来了该组织理念的转变：改变公园的自然状态以阻止其进一步恶化是可以接受的。)”可知，国家公园管理局被迫调整其保护原则。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But today, climate warming threatens the very emblem of the park, leaving it facing a future in which its name could be a cruel irony (但如今，气候变暖正威胁着这座公园的象征，使它面临一个未来：它的名字可能成为一种残酷的讽刺。)”、第五段中“It’s certainly possible that the park could lose the iconic feature for which it has been named. (公园很可能会失去其命名所依据的标志性特征。)”以及最后一段The climate crisis has thus brought about a shift in the organization's philosophy: It’s acceptable to change a park's natural state to stop its further worsening. (气候危机因此带来了该组织理念的转变：改变公园的自然状态以阻止其进一步恶化是可以接受的。)”可知，全文围绕冰川国家公园可能因冰川消失而失去其标志性特征，从而面临重新定义自身的风险展开，所以D选项“公园可能面临重新定义自身的风险”符合文章大意，适合作标题。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·宁夏青铜峡宁朔中学·期中）People worldwide are living longer. Today, for the first time in history, most people can expect to live into their sixties and beyond. By 2050, the world’s population aged 60 years and older is expected to total 2 billion, up from 900 million in 2015. Today, 125 million people are aged 80 years or older. By 2050, there will be almost this many (120 million) living in China alone, and 434 million people in this age group worldwide. The pace of population ageing around the world is also increasing dramatically. France had almost 150 years to adapt to a change from 10% to 20% in the proportion of the population that was older than 60 years. However, places such as Brazil, China and India will have slightly more than 20 years to make the same adaptation. A longer life brings with it opportunities, not only for older people and their families, but also for societies as a whole. Additional years provide the chance to undertake new activities such as further education, a new career or a long ignored passion. Older people also contribute in many ways to their families and communities. Yet the extent of these opportunities and contributions depends heavily on one factor: health. There is, however, little evidence to suggest that older people today are experiencing their later years in better health than their parents. While rates of severe disability have declined in high­income countries over the past 30 years, there has been no significant change in mild or moderate disability over the same period. If people can experience these extra years of life in good health and if they live in a supportive environment, their ability to do the things they value will be of little difference from that of a younger person. If these added years are affected by declines physically and mentally, the results for older people and for society are more negative. 1.What does the author want to tell in the first paragraph? A. The whole world is faced with the problem of ageing. B. Some countries witness people live longer than before. C. China has the highest rate of ageing population at present. D. By 2050, over half of the world’s population is ageing. 2.What is the most important for the ageing society? A. The attitude of the older to life. B. The contributions the older make. C. The health of the older people. D. The activities the older take part in. 3.What is the author’s attitude to the ageing world? A. Concerned. B. Objective. C. Negative. D. Astonished. 4.What’s the author’s statement about ageing based on? A. His own opinion. B. Some data. C. Causes and effects. D. Comparisons. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。讲述了当人们的寿命变长之后，在社会面对老龄化时，老年人自身以及对于社会的影响。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一二句“People worldwide are living longer. Today, for the first time in history, most people can expect to live into their sixties and beyond. (全世界的人都活得更长了。今天，这是历史上第一次，大多数人有望活到60岁以上)”以及末句“ By 2050, there will be almost this many (120 million) living in China alone, and 434 million people in this age group worldwide. (到2050年，仅在中国就会有差不多这么多的人(1.2亿)，而全球这个年龄段的人口将达到4.34亿)”可知，第一段主要讲述全世界在面临老龄化问题。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段末句“Yet the extent of these opportunities and contributions depends heavily on one factor: health. (然而，这些机会和贡献的程度在很大程度上取决于一个因素：健康)”可知，老龄化社会最重要的一点是老年人的健康。故选C。 (3)题解析： 逻辑推理题。根据最后一段“If people can experience these extra years of life in good health and if they live in a supportive environment, their ability to do the things they value will be of little difference from that of a younger person. If these added years are affected by declines physically and mentally, the results for older people and for society are more negative. (如果人们能够健康地度过这额外的岁月，如果他们生活在一个支持性的环境中，他们做自己珍视的事情的能力将与年轻人相差无几。如果这些增加的年数受到身体和精神衰退的影响，那么对老年人和社会的影响将更加负面)”可知，作者在评价老龄化社会时既讲到了其积极意义也提到了其消极意义。可知，作者的态度是客观中立的。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“By 2050, the world’s population aged 60 years and older is expected to total 2 billion, up from 900 million in 2015. Today, 125 million people are aged 80 years or older. By 2050, there will be almost this many (120 million) living in China alone, and 434 million people in this age group worldwide.(到2050年，全球60岁及以上人口预计将达到20亿，而2015年为9亿。今天，有1.25亿人年龄在80岁以上。到2050年，仅在中国就会有差不多这么多的人(1.2亿)，而全球这个年龄段的人口将达到4.34亿)”以及第二段“France had almost 150 years to adapt to a change from 10% to 20% in the proportion of the population that was older than 60 years. (法国有近150年的时间来适应60岁以上人口比例从10%到20%的变化)”可知，作者关于老龄化的陈述论断是基于数据。故选B。 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高二上·山西卓越大联考·期中）We often have a strong desire to feel listened to and understood. And when we don’t feel like our point-of-view is being heard, we can quickly become lonely, sad, frustrated, or even angry. This is one of the biggest contributors to conflict in our relationships and society as a whole. A recent study published in the journal of Experimental Social Psychology looked into this phenomenon. They studied the tension between Palestinians and Israelis, as well as Mexican immigrants and white Arizonians. What they found was that when individuals were given a chance to share their stories and experiences with people from the other side, it helped improve their attitude about the “opposing group”. This effect was even stronger when it was a member of the “disempowered group” being heard by someone from the “dominant (主导的) group”. Disempowered groups often feel like their voice isn’t being heard. They think their values and needs aren’t being considered, and whether in real cases or tests, this can cause anger toward the more dominant group, who often has more of a stronghold over public debate. However, when the dominant group makes an effort to hear things from another point-of-view, the disempowered group begins to feel that their values and needs are being listened to. This can be a great starting point for easing conflict and tension. There has been a lot of research showing the positive benefits of perspective-taking in our relationships. This is one of the first studies to show that “perspective giving” — the opportunity to share our experiences with others — can be just as helpful in building stronger relationships. However, researchers don’t recommend that the disempowered group does all the talking. Instead, they believe that this is evidence that each group should have an equal opportunity to share their viewpoints. When we don’t have chances to express ourselves, it can often lead to negative consequences for everyone involved. Being heard is important to both ourselves and others. It’s a part of healthy communication, and it leads to solutions we won’t find if we just ignore one another. 1.What phenomenon does the author point out in Paragraph 1? A. We can easily form our own point-of-view. B. Conflict often occurs in our daily relationships. C. We often fail to bring our feelings under control. D. Our relationship will be hurt when we feel ignored. 2.How did the researchers draw their conclusion in terms of conflict and tension? A. By making assumptions. B. By surveying public opinions. C. By studying decades of historical records. D. By conducting experiments and observations. 3.Which can be helpful in strengthening relationships according to the study? A. Having a debate in public. B. Doing all the talking to be heard. C. Getting a chance to share viewpoints. D. Forcing views of one’s own on others. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. The power of being heard. B. Some tips about winning respect. C. The importance of voicing your attitude. D. The suggestions on how to communicate. 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“被倾听”对缓解冲突的作用，以及“表达观点”和平等交流在改善关系中的积极影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We often have a strong desire to feel listened to and understood. And when we don’t feel like our point-of-view is being heard, we can quickly become lonely, sad, frustrated, or even angry. This is one of the biggest contributors to conflict in our relationships and society as a whole.(我们常常迫切地希望被倾听和理解。当我们觉得自己的观点没有被听到时，我们很快就会感到孤独、悲伤、沮丧，甚至愤怒。这是导致我们人际关系乃至整个社会产生冲突的最大原因之一)”可知，作者在第一段指出的现象是当我们感到被忽视时，人际关系会受到损害并引发冲突。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“A recent study published in the journal of Experimental Social Psychology looked into this phenomenon. They studied the tension between Palestinians and Israelis, as well as Mexican immigrants and white Arizonians.(《实验社会心理学》杂志最近发表的一项研究调查了这一现象。他们研究了巴勒斯坦人和以色列人之间的紧张关系，以及墨西哥移民和亚利桑那州白人之间的紧张关系)”可知，研究人员通过对不同群体间的紧张关系进行研究观察，进而得出关于冲突与紧张关系的结论。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“This is one of the first studies to show that “perspective giving” — the opportunity to share our experiences with others — can be just as helpful in building stronger relationships.(这是首批表明“表达观点”—— 即有机会与他人分享自己的经历 —— 对建立更牢固的关系同样有帮助的研究之一)”可知，获得分享观点的机会有助于巩固人际关系。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段中的“We often have a strong desire to feel listened to and understood. And when we don’t feel like our point-of-view is being heard, we can quickly become lonely, sad, frustrated, or even angry. This is one of the biggest contributors to conflict in our relationships and society as a whole.(我们常常迫切地希望被倾听和理解。当我们觉得自己的观点没有被听到时，我们很快就会感到孤独、悲伤、沮丧，甚至愤怒。这是导致我们人际关系乃至整个社会产生冲突的最大原因之一)”和最后一段中的“Being heard is important to both ourselves and others.(被倾听对我们自己和他人都很重要)”可知，文章核心是阐述“被倾听”的重要性与影响力。故选A项。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·陕西榆林神木中学·期中）A group of farmers in Nigeria are using a new method to grow crops from moisture (水汽) in the air. The method, known as aeroponics, does not use soil. Instead, plant roots hang in the air and take in nutrients from water mist. The method could make a big difference in places where huge amounts of land have been made unfarmable. Biochemist Samson Ogbole is popularly known as Nigeria’s smart farmer. He and his team are growing crops without soil at the technology-based farm they started three years ago in Abeokuta. Ogbole says they are working hard to end the seasonal food shortage in Nigeria. “It is just farming anytime during the year, meaning we can plant crops anytime during the year, and we can harvest anytime during the year.” But setting up the aeroponics farm was not easy. It required more than $180,000. And people in Abeokuta boycotted this nontraditional method of farming. It took a lot of effort to change those people’s minds about it. In fact, in Nigeria, about 30 million hectares of farmland is being used, instead of the 78.5 million hectares required for food security. In the north, only 49 percent of the land is fertile, a situation that worries traditional farmers. Aeroponics, however, does not require traditional farm work or much land. Nutrients for the plants are controlled by a recycling system, greatly increasing productivity. Dr. Phillip Ojo, Director-General of the National Agricultural Seeds Council, says the government welcomes the new farming method. Ojo notes that with aeroponics, farmers can quickly increase planting materials. The agricultural industry represents about 40 percent of Nigeria’s economy. The government wants to greatly expand this percentage. For now, most farmers lack the technical knowledge to increase productivity. They also need access to high-quality seeds to guarantee (保证) better harvests. Technologically skilled farmers like Samson Ogbole are offering a new way forward. 1.What can be known about aeroponics? A. It is not affected by the seasons. B. It helps crops draw nutrients from the soil. C. It will make the condition of the soil worse. D. It is aimed at bringing back farmland. 2.Why are Ogbole and his team working hard? A. To reduce the aeroponics farm. B. To end the seasonal food shortage in Nigeria. C. To get more support from other countries. D. To help the poor all over the world. 3.What does the underlined word “boycotted” mean in paragraph 3? A. Welcomed. B. Approved. C. Obtained. D. Resisted. 4.What is Dr. Phillip Ojo’s attitude to aeroponics? A. Doubtful. B. Unclear. C. Supportive. D. Opposed. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍尼日利亚农民采用气培法（无土栽培）种植作物，解决土地贫瘠和季节性粮食短缺问题的相关情况。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is just farming anytime during the year, meaning we can plant crops anytime during the year, and we can harvest anytime during the year.(这意味着一年中的任何时候都可以耕种，我们可以在一年中的任何时候种植作物，也可以在任何时候收获。)”可知，气培法不受季节影响。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ogbole says they are working hard to end the seasonal food shortage in Nigeria.(Ogbole说，他们正在努力结束尼日利亚的季节性粮食短缺问题。)”可知，Ogbole和他的团队努力的目标是终结尼日利亚的季节性粮食短缺。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词后文“It took a lot of effort to change those people’s minds about it.(花了很大的努力才改变了那些人的看法。)”可推知，当地民众最初对这种非传统种植方式是抵触的，因此“boycotted”意为“抵制”。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Dr. Phillip Ojo... says the government welcomes the new farming method. Ojo notes that with aeroponics, farmers can quickly increase planting materials.(Phillip Ojo博士……表示，政府欢迎这种新的种植方式。Ojo指出，通过气培法，农民可以快速增加种植材料。)”可知，Phillip Ojo对气培法持支持态度。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·山西晋中介休市第一中学校·期中）Postmates, an American delivery company, has built a robot, called Serve, which was designed to make short-distance deliveries in cities. To know what’s going on, Serve has a laser radar (激光雷达) sensor on top, in which spinning lasers let it detect objects around it and know how far away they are. Also, behind each artificial eye is a camera, with six more imaging devices spread around the robot. Inside it is another sensor that allows Postmates to know if there is a package in there. “One of our key decisions early on was to rely heavily on the robot’s ability to see the environment,” says Ali Kashani, the vice president for robotics at Postmates. Since the sidewalk is “a very chaotic environment”, he points out, the robot needs to be able to take it all in and figure out what to do. This robot, and many like it, also must be able to signal their intentions to the pedestrians. For that, it has a number of approaches. One is using its eyes; another is a colorful light ring that goes around the top. “When it wants to make way for a pedestrian, it will use its eyes and look down,” he explains. It can also use the lights on the top as a turn signal, which is obvious, and also look left and right when it’s turning left and right. “Using eye movements and other silent signals is a good idea,” says Aaron Steinfeld, a professor of human-robot interaction. Serve is intended for sidewalks and Steinfeld says that environment is challenging. People usually walk fast while staring at a smartphone. For a robot, that’s a lot. “We have active research on robot moving socially around walking people,” he says. “And it’s really tricky to do this well.” Postmates plans to use Serve in Los Angeles at first, and that its intended task is to move small objects over short distances. The robot can travel 30 miles on one charge and is able to carry 50 pounds. 1.What is the specific function of the additional sensor that Serve has inside its body? A. To monitor package condition. B. To detect if a package is inside. C. To measure package weight. D. To detect movement around. 2.According to the text, how does Serve primarily detect and understand its environment? A. By heavily relying on its ability to see. B. Through its advanced hearing sensors. C. By following pre-programmed routes only. D. By communicating directly with pedestrians. 3.What’s the major challenge for robots on sidewalks mentioned by Professor Aaron Steinfeld? A. The weight of the packages they have to carry. B. The limited range of 30 miles on a single charge. C. The behavior of people walking fast while looking at their phones. D. The inability of sensors to work in rainy weather. 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce Postmates’ robot Serve and its key features. B. To describe the challenges robots face when operating on urban sidewalks. C. To explain the technical specifications of Postmates’ delivery robot Serve. D. To discuss the importance of human-robot interaction in technology development. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种可以在城市中进行短距离投递的机器人。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inside it is another sensor that allows Postmates to know if there is a package in there. (机器人内部还有另一个传感器，能让Postmates公司知道里面是否装有包裹)”可知，Serve内部额外传感器的特定功能是检测内部是否有包裹。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中““One of our key decisions early on was to rely heavily on the robot’s ability to see the environment,”says Ali Kashani, the vice president for robotics at Postmates. (Postmates公司机器人部门副总裁阿里・卡沙尼表示：“我们早期的关键决策之一，就是高度依赖机器人观察环境的能力。”)”可知，Serve主要通过高度依赖自身的观察能力来感知和理解周围环境。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Serve is intended for sidewalks and Steinfeld says that environment is challenging. People usually walk fast while staring at a smartphone. For a robot, that’s a lot. (Serve适用于人行道，斯坦菲尔德表示这种环境极具挑战性。人们通常会盯着智能手机快速行走，这对机器人来说难度很大)”可知，亚伦・斯坦菲尔德教授提到的人行道机器人面临的主要挑战是“人们盯着手机快速行走的行为”。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Postmates, an American delivery company, has built a robot, called Serve, which was designed to make short-distance deliveries in cities. (美国快递公司 Postmates 研发了一款名为 Serve 的机器人，其设计用途是在城市中进行短途配送)”以及后续段落又分别介绍了Serve的传感器配置、感知环境的方式、与行人的互动设计及使用计划等核心特征可知，文章主要目的是介绍Postmates公司的机器人Serve及其关键特点。故选A项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·青海西宁大通县第二中学·期中）Planting trees is a popular way to try to balance out carbon emissions (碳排放), but a new study shows it could never fully make up for pollution from the world’s biggest fossil fuel (化石燃料) companies. To take in enough carbon just from the future emissions tied to the top 200 oil, gas and coal companies’ reserves, you would need to cover the entire land area of North and Central America with trees. This is impossible because there simply isn’t enough available land on Earth. Researchers figured out that if these companies paid for planting all those trees, it would cost 7.01 trillion. Even if it were possible, the companies would face huge costs if they had to pay for the environmental damage caused by burning their reserves. “People might think carbon offsetting (抵消) is like a magic eraser, but that’s not realistic,” explained study co-author Nina Friggens. Trees naturally absorb carbon as they grow, making them a relatively cheap offset method heavily promoted by many companies. However, the study focused only on trees because other carbon trapping technologies are currently too expensive or underdeveloped. While experts praised the study for showing the extent of the problem, they warn against ruling out tree planting entirely. Done correctly, it brings important benefits like supporting wildlife, protecting against natural disasters, and improving food security. But the key point remains: we cannot plant our way out of the climate problem only by offsetting planned fossil fuel burning. Jonathan Foley likened the situation to an overflowing bathtub: “Trees are the sponges (海绵) and mops we use to clean up the mess. But if the taps (emissions) are still running full force, flooding the bathroom, you absolutely have to turn them off first.” The study highlights that stopping emissions is essential; relying only on trees to clean up after fossil fuels is mathematically and physically impossible. 1.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A. The problems of burning fossil reserves. B. The market value of fossil fuel companies. C. The environmental damage from cutting trees. D. The cost of planting trees to offset emissions. 2.Which of the following is the experts’ opinion according to paragraph 4? A. Fossil fuels are safe. B. Tree planting is simple. C. Tree planting has its value. D. Carbon offsetting is unnecessary. 3.What do Jonathan Foley’s words mainly suggest? A. Emissions should be reduced first. B. Trees are the best to clean emissions. C. Taps are less important than sponges. D. Running helps reduce carbon emissions. 4.This text is most likely taken from ______. A. a fashion magazine B. a children’s storybook C. a travel guide D. a scientific journal 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新研究表明植树无法完全抵消化石燃料公司的碳排放，同时说明植树的价值及减少排放才是应对气候问题的关键。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Researchers figured out that if these companies paid for planting all those trees, it would cost 7.01 trillion. Even if it were possible, the companies would face huge costs if they had to pay for the environmental damage caused by burning their reserves.(研究人员测算发现，若这些公司要为种植所有所需树木买单，总成本将高达10.8万亿美元——这一数字超过了它们7.01万亿美元的总市值。即便（从成本角度）具备可行性，这些公司仍需为燃烧其化石燃料储备所造成的环境损害支付巨额费用，届时将面临沉重的成本压力)”可知，研究人员指出，若化石燃料公司为抵消排放而种植所需树木，成本将达10.8万亿美元，超过这些公司的总市值，且还需承担燃烧储备化石燃料造成的环境损害成本。由此可知，第二段主要关于植树抵消碳排放的高昂成本。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“While experts praised the study for showing the extent of the problem, they warn against ruling out tree planting entirely. Done correctly, it brings important benefits like supporting wildlife, protecting against natural disasters, and improving food security.(虽然专家们称赞这项研究显示了问题的严重程度，但他们警告说，不能完全排除植树的可能性。如果方法得当，它能带来重要益处，比如保护野生动物、抵御自然灾害和改善粮食安全)”可知，专家认为植树具有其自身价值。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Jonathan Foley likened the situation to an overflowing bathtub: “Trees are the sponges (海绵) and mops we use to clean up the mess. But if the taps (emissions) are still running full force, flooding the bathroom, you absolutely have to turn them off first.”(乔纳森·福利将这种情况比作溢出的浴缸：“树木就像我们用来清理污渍的海绵和拖把。但如果水龙头（排放）仍在全力运转，淹没了浴室，你绝对必须先关掉它。”)”可知，他的话暗示减排应放在首位。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Planting trees is a popular way to try to balance out carbon emissions (碳排放), but a new study shows it could never fully make up for pollution from the world’s biggest fossil fuel (化石燃料) companies.(植树是一种广泛采用的碳排抵消方式，但一项新研究表明，这种做法永远无法完全弥补全球大型化石燃料公司造成的污染)”可知，文章围绕一项关于碳排放抵消的科学研究展开，涉及研究结论、数据支撑、专家观点及逻辑论证，内容具有科学性和专业性。由此推知，本文很可能摘自一本科学杂志。故选D项。 Passage 4 （25-26高二上·山西省部分学校·期中）Researchers in Washington and British Columbia say they have solved a deadly unknown that scientists have explored for more than ten years. They have found the true reason behind one of the world’s largest oceanic disease outbreaks: a wasting disease that has turned billions of sea stars into something thick along North America’s West Coast. Among more than 20 species affected, the sunflower star was hardest hit, with over 90% of its global population lost. Sunflower stars eat sea urchins (a kind of small sea creature). When sunflower stars disappeared, the ocean’s balance broke. With fewer sunflower stars to eat them, sea urchins grew in number very fast. They ate huge areas of kelp (巨藻) forests, and this destroyed one of the ocean’s most lively homes for sea life. For years, scientists thought a virus (病毒) was the cause. But the new study shows the real problem is a type of bacterium (细菌) named Vibrio pectenicida. This bacterium is related to the kinds that hurt corals, shellfish, and even humans. The result came from four summers of experiments at the U. S. Geological Survey’s Marrowstone Marine Field Station. Researchers took strict measures to preclude outside pollution: each sea star lived in a separate box with treated clear seawater. The research team looked at the liquid inside sea stars, not their outer parts (where many tiny living things live). They found much more Vibrio pectenicida in sick sea stars than in healthy ones. In tests, they took the bacterium, grew it in a lab, and put it into healthy sunflower stars. This made the healthy stars get the sickness too — something earlier studies couldn’t prove. After studying data in January 2024, they finally made sure that there was a strong link between Vibrio pectenicida and the disease. This discovery is a big step forward for understanding one of the worst oceanic“sickness outbreaks” ever written down. But problems still exist. Sunflower stars are now so few in number that taking more samples (样本) might harm the species. Also, plans to cut the U. S. Geological Survey’s money put future research at risk. This makes people who protect the environment worried about the future of checking ocean health. 1.What is the main finding of the study? A. A virus caused sea stars’ death. B. Sunflower stars suffered a great loss. C. Sea urchins destroyed kelp forests. D. A bacterium led to the oceanic disease. 2.What does the underlined word “preclude” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Record. B. Copy. C. Prevent. D. Show. 3.How did the researchers confirm their discovery? A. By studying outer parts of sea stars. B. By reproducing the disease in healthy stars. C. By turning to other professionals to check the link. D. By comparing liquids in various sunflower star species. 4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the future research? A. Its possible achievements. B. Its sampling methods. C. Its major challenges. D. Its scientific principles. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍美加研究人员发现北美西海岸海星大量死亡的元凶是一种细菌，及相关研究过程与未来挑战。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“They have found the true reason behind one of the world’s largest oceanic disease outbreaks: a wasting disease that has turned billions of sea stars into something thick along North America’s West Coast.(他们找到了世界上最大规模海洋疾病爆发之一背后的真正原因：一种消耗性疾病已导致北美西海岸数十亿只海星变成残骸)”和第二段中的“But the new study shows the real problem is a type of bacterium (细菌) named Vibrio pectenicida.(但新研究表明，真正的问题是一种名为扇贝弧菌的细菌)”可知，该研究的核心发现是一种细菌导致了这场海洋疾病。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“each sea star lived in a separate box with treated clear seawater(每只海星都单独养在装有经过处理的清澈海水的箱子里)”可知，研究人员采取严格措施是为了避免外部污染影响实验结果，因此“preclude”应意为“阻止、排除”。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In tests, they took the bacterium, grew it in a lab, and put it into healthy sunflower stars. This made the healthy stars get the sickness too — something earlier studies couldn’t prove.(在实验中，他们提取这种细菌，在实验室培养后注入到健康的向日葵海星体内。这使得健康的海星也患上了这种病——这是早期研究无法证明的)”可知，研究人员通过在健康海星身上重现该疾病，证实了细菌与疾病之间的关联。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Sunflower stars are now so few in number that taking more samples (样本) might harm the species. Also, plans to cut the U. S. Geological Survey’s money put future research at risk.(如今向日葵海星数量极少，采集更多样本可能会伤害该物种。此外，削减美国地质调查局资金的计划也让未来的研究陷入风险)”可知，该段主要讲述了未来研究面临的两大挑战：样本采集受限和资金削减。故选C项。 Passage 5 （25-26高二上·山西·期中）A company from Finland called IXI is creating smart glasses that can automatically (自动地) adjust focus in real time. This new invention aims to provide clear vision at various distances, getting rid of the need for bifocals (双光眼镜) . Although IXI’s glasses are not the first of this kind, they are a major improvement. More than ten years ago, a company named Adlens made glasses that could be manually changed by the wearer to match their vision needs. However, this was a one-time setting. IXI’s glasses are different. They are made to keep adjusting continuously and automatically according to where the wearer is looking. The battery inside is designed to last for two days and can be charged at night. The company also hopes the glasses will accommodate many different face shapes. The key technology relies on a special material called liquid crystals (晶体) in the lenses (镜片). Niko Eiden, the company leader, says, these crystals can be repositioned electrically, allowing the lenses to be freely adjusted. A built-in eye-tracker and a system that uses light to measure distance work together to determine the distance of an object and adjust the lenses accordingly. This adjustment occurs in just 0.2 seconds, faster than the human eye’s natural focusing speed. This new development could fix main problems with bifocals. Bifocals have separate areas for near and far sight, forcing users to move their heads to see clearly and offering a smaller field of view. IXI’s method provides a clear view at all distances without such actions. Even with this exciting technology, there are still problems to solve before the glasses can be sold. There are strict medical rules for vision correction products. Designers also need to fit a battery without making the glasses heavy. What’s more, additional real-world testing is needed for activities like driving. Fortunately, for safety, if the system stops working, the wearer can still look through the top part of the lenses. 1.How is paragraph 2 developed? A. By following time order. B. By listing detailed numbers. C. By making comparison. D. By explaining causes and effects. 2.What is the feature of IXI’s glasses? A. They have an eye-tracker inside. B. They fit only round faces. C. They need to be adjusted by hand. D. They use common lens materials. 3.What can be learned from the last paragraph? A. Vision correction products are popular. B. Designers have solved battery weight issues. C. The glasses aren’t ready for the market. D. The glasses’ system never stops working. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. A new kind of smart glasses. B. Bifocals’ main problems in use. C. How to make self-adjusting glasses. D. Rules for vision correction products. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了芬兰一家公司IXI研发的能自动实时调节焦距的智能眼镜及其特点、技术、面临的问题等。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Although IXI’s glasses are not the first of this kind, they are a major improvement. More than ten years ago, a company named Adlens made glasses that could be manually changed by the wearer to match their vision needs. However, this was a one-time setting. IXI’s glasses are different.(虽然IXI的眼镜不是这类眼镜中的第一款，但它们是一个重大改进。十多年前，一家名为Adlens的公司制造的眼镜可以由佩戴者手动调节以满足他们的视力需求。然而，这是一次性设置。IXI的眼镜则不同)”可知，第二段通过将IXI的眼镜与十多年前Adlens公司制造的眼镜进行对比来展开叙述。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“A built-in eye-tracker and a system that uses light to measure distance work together to determine the distance of an object and adjust the lenses accordingly.(一个内置的眼球追踪器和一个利用光测量距离的系统协同工作，以确定物体的距离并相应地调整镜片)”可知，IXI眼镜的特点是里面有眼球追踪器。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Even with this exciting technology, there are still problems to solve before the glasses can be sold. There are strict medical rules for vision correction products. Designers also need to fit a battery without making the glasses heavy. What’s more, additional real-world testing is needed for activities like driving.(即使有了这项令人兴奋的技术，在眼镜上市之前仍有一些问题需要解决。视力矫正产品有严格的医疗规定。设计师还需要在不使眼镜变重的情况下安装电池。此外，对于驾驶等活动还需要进行更多的现实世界测试)”可知，这种眼镜还未准备好上市。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A company from Finland called IXI is creating smart glasses that can automatically (自动地) adjust focus in real time.(芬兰一家名为IXI的公司正在研发一种能够自动实时调节焦距的智能眼镜)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要围绕IXI公司研发的这种新型智能眼镜展开介绍。故选A。 Passage 6 （25-26高二上·陕西商洛山阳中学·期中）“You’ll get as many answers to the question ‘What is the purpose of dreaming?’ as there are dream psychologists,” says Deirdre Barrett, dream researcher at Harvard University and author of The Committee of Sleep. According to Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud, dreams provided key signs of hidden struggles deep within our brain. But Freud’s theory, introduced in his 1899 book The Interpretation of Dreams, caused plenty of argument. Critics (评论家) argued that his way of explaining dreams was very personal — two experts might offer entirely different readings of the same dream, with no objective (客观的) way to prove who was right. Another theory suggests that dreams are simply a side effect of memory storage — the brain’s way of replaying and strengthening new memories while we sleep. Dreams may also help us process and manage emotions, especially negative ones, according to the emotion management theory of dreaming. A study found that people who dreamed about stressful events they had experienced before sleep woke up feeling more positive about the events the next day. In recent decades, other scientists have offered different explanations for why we dream. One of the most well-known is the threat simulation (模拟) theory, put forward by Finnish psychologist Antti Revonsuo in 2000. According to this view, dreaming is an ancient biological defence system. By simulating dangerous situations, our brains practice the skills needed to recognize and avoid threats — a kind of virtual reality training ground for survival. A 2005 study lent support to this theory by studying the dreams of Kurdish children exposed to war. But even the threat simulation theory is argued about. A 2008 study comparing residents of high-crime areas in South Africa to those in parts of Wales found that South African subjects, despite facing more real-world threats, actually reported fewer threatening dreams than Welsh ones. Ultimately, Barrett suggests that we may be asking the wrong question. Just as waking thought serves many functions — from planning to problem-solving-dreams likely do too. 1.What did critics think about Freud’s theory of dreams? A. It had too many unproven assumptions. B. It was scientific but lacked practical value. C. It was impossible to confirm objectively. D. It ignored the impact of personality on dream readings. 2.What can we infer about Kurdish children? A. They often dreamed about dangerous situations. B. They tended to develop mental health problems. C. They experienced fewer dreams compared to others. D. They forgot about the stressful events after waking up. 3.Why does the author mention the 2008 study? A. To test the effect of crime on dreams. B. To challenge the threat simulation theory. C. To support the findings of the 2005 study. D. To stress the differences in dream content. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A. Why We Dream: Competing Explanations from Psychology B. The Science of Dreams: Uncovering Hidden Emotional Struggles C. Dream Exploration: How Personal Experiences Shape Our Dreams D. The development of Dream Theories: From Freud to Modern Science 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了关于“做梦的目的”这一问题，不同心理学家给出了不同的解释，存在多种理论观点。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Critics (评论家) argued that his way of explaining dreams was very personal — two experts might offer entirely different readings of the same dream, with no objective (客观的) way to prove who was right.(评论家认为，他解释梦的方式非常主观——两位专家可能对同一个梦给出完全不同的解读，却没有客观的方法证明谁是对的)”可知，评论家认为弗洛伊德的梦的理论不可能客观地得到证实。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“By simulating dangerous situations, our brains practice the skills needed to recognize and avoid threats — a kind of virtual reality training ground for survival. A 2005 study lent support to this theory by studying the dreams of Kurdish children exposed to war.(通过模拟危险情境，我们的大脑练习识别和躲避威胁所需的技能 —— 这是一种生存的虚拟现实训练场。2005 年的一项研究通过研究遭受战争影响的库尔德儿童的梦境，为这一理论提供了支持)”可推断，库尔德儿童经常梦见危险情境。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中“But even the threat simulation theory is argued about. A 2008 study comparing residents of high-crime areas in South Africa to those in parts of Wales found that South African subjects, despite facing more real-world threats, actually reported fewer threatening dreams than Welsh ones.(但即使是威胁模拟理论也存在争议。2008年的一项研究比较了南非高犯罪率地区的居民和威尔士部分地区的居民，发现南非受试者尽管面临更多的现实威胁，但报告的威胁性梦境实际上比威尔士受试者少)”可知，作者提到2008年的研究是为了挑战威胁模拟理论。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段““You’ll get as many answers to the question ‘What is the purpose of dreaming?’ as there are dream psychologists,” says Deirdre Barrett, dream researcher at Harvard University and author of The Committee of Sleep.(“对于‘做梦的目的是什么’这个问题，有多少梦心理学家，你就会得到多少答案，”哈佛大学梦研究员、《睡眠委员会》作者Deirdre Barrett说)”以及下文对不同心理学家对做梦目的的不同解释的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了关于“做梦的目的”这一问题，不同心理学家给出了不同的解释，存在多种理论观点。故A选项“我们为什么做梦：来自心理学的不同解释”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 7 （25-26高二上·山西卓越大联考·期中）A new study gives “funny or die” a whole new meaning. Published in April in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, the research found that women with a strong sense of humor tend to live longer — even when they get sick, especially from heart disease or infections. For men, having a joyful personality also helped protect against infections. Norwegian researchers followed 53,556 women and men over 15 years. They wanted to see if a sense of humor could affect how long people live. The team used a detailed questionnaire to measure different parts of humor — like how people think, socialize, and feel about funny situations. They then looked at deaths from several diseases, including heart disease, infections, cancer, and lung disease. The results showed that women who scored high in the “thinking” part of humor had: ·A 48% lower risk of dying from any cause, ·A 73% lower risk of dying from heart disease, ·And an 83% lower risk of dying from infections. For men, the benefit was only seen in infections — those with high humor scores had a 74% lower risk of dying from them. Researchers think this difference between men and women might be because men’s sense of humor slightly decreased as they got older. Also, the social and emotional parts of humor didn’t show any clear effect on how long people lived. According to Sven Svebak, a professor who co-authored the study, the thinking part of humor is a stable personality trait (特性). It affects how people understand everyday events. This can help reduce social conflicts and stress and prevent stress hormones like cortisol(皮质醇) from rising too much. When cortisol stays high for a long time, it weakens the immune system. Although genes partly decide our sense of humor, it’s also shaped by life experiences. Svebak says children who don’t see adults using humor to deal with problems may not use it themselves when they grow up. But don’t worry if your childhood wasn’t filled with laughter — studies show it’s never too late to learn to laugh at life’s absurdities (荒谬). 1.How did the researchers carry out their study? A. By assigning tasks. B. By doing an interview. C. By doing field research. D. By designing questions. 2.Which part of humor has clearly affected people’s life according to the study? A. The social part. B. The cultural part. C. The thinking part. D. The emotional part. 3.What can be inferred about our sense of humor according to Svebak? A. Genes alone play a key role. B. It can be acquired when we grow up. C. It must be developed since childhood. D. It is rarely shaped by life experiences. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Laugh Lots, Live Longer B. Art of Growing Young C. The Best Medicine for Us D. Be Funny or Die Young 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项研究发现，幽默感有助于延长寿命，女性受益更显著，男性可降低感染死亡风险，幽默感可后天培养。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The team used a detailed questionnaire to measure different parts of humor — like how people think, socialize, and feel about funny situations.(该团队采用了一份详细的调查问卷来衡量幽默的各个方面——比如人们是如何思考、如何社交以及对有趣的情境会有怎样的感受)”可知，研究人员通过设计问题开展这项研究。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“According to Sven Svebak, a professor who co-authored the study, the thinking part of humor is a stable personality trait (特性). It affects how people understand everyday events. This can help reduce social conflicts and stress and prevent stress hormones like cortisol(皮质醇) from rising too much.(据该研究的合著者之一、教授斯文·斯韦巴克称，幽默中的思考部分是一种稳定的个性特征。它会影响人们对日常事件的理解方式。这有助于减少社会冲突和压力，并防止像皮质醇这样的压力激素过度升高)”可知，幽默的思维部分显然对人们的生活产生了影响。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although genes partly decide our sense of humor, it’s also shaped by life experiences. Svebak says children who don’t see adults using humor to deal with problems may not use it themselves when they grow up.(虽然基因在一定程度上决定了我们的幽默感，但这种幽默感也会受到生活经历的影响。斯韦巴克表示，如果孩子没有看到成年人用幽默的方式来解决难题，那么他们长大后可能就不会自己运用这种幽默方式了)”可知，幽默感是在我们成长过程中逐渐习得的，故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study gives “funny or die” a whole new meaning. Published in April in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, the research found that women with a strong sense of humor tend to live longer — even when they get sick, especially from heart disease or infections. For men, having a joyful personality also helped protect against infections.(一项新的研究为“幽默至上，否则必死”这一说法赋予了全新的含义。该研究于4月发表在《心理生理学医学》杂志上，研究发现，具有强烈幽默感的女性往往更长寿——即便她们生病了，尤其是患心脏病或感染性疾病时也是如此。而对于男性而言，拥有乐观的性格也有助于预防感染)”结合文章主要说明了一项研究发现，幽默感有助于延长寿命，女性受益更显著，男性可降低感染死亡风险，幽默感可后天培养。可知，A选项“多欢笑，寿命更长久”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 8 （25-26高二上·宁夏银川一中·期中）Researchers at CU Boulder have developed a wearable device that changes the human body into a biological battery. The device is stretchy enough that you can wear it like a ring, sport band or any other thing that touches your skin. It also taps into a person’s natural heat-employing thermoelectric generators to change the body’s internal temperature into electricity. “In the future, we want to be able to power your wearable electronics without having to include a battery,” said Jianliang Xiao, an associate professor at CU Boulder. The concept may sound like something out of The Matrix film series, in which a race of robots have chained humans to harvest their precious organic energy. Xiao and his colleagues aren’t that ambitious: Their devices can generate about 1 volt (伏特) of energy for every square centimeter of skin space-less volt per area than what most existing batteries provide but still enough to power electronics like watches or fitness trackers. Scientists have previously experimented with similar wearable devices, but Xiao’s is stretchy, can heal itself when damaged and is fully recyclable-making it a cleaner alternative to traditional electronics. “Whenever you use a battery, you’re depleting (消耗) that battery and will, eventually, need to replace it,” Xiao said, “The nice thing about our device is that you can wear it, and it provides you with constant power.” Just pretend that you’re out for a jog. As you exercise, your body heats up, and that heat will radiate out to the cool air around you. Xiao’s device captures that flow of energy rather than let it go to waste. “The thermoelectric generators are in close contact with the human body, and they can use the heat that would normally be sent into the environment,” Xiao said. 1.What does Xiao expect of his device at present? A. It will be used for medical purposes. B. It will be made smaller and wearable. C. It will change natural power into electricity. D. It will supply continuous power to wearable devices. 2.Why does the author mention The Matrix series in the text? A. To explain the principles behind the new device. B. To emphasize the potential risks of the new technology. C. To show how the idea may seem like science fiction. D. To suggest the new device was inspired by the film. 3.What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A. The strengths of Xiao’s device. B. The convenience of using a battery. C. The replacement of wearable devices. D. The development of traditional electronics. 4.What do we know about Xiao’s device from the text? A. It operates with plenty of power. B. It is designed for practical use. C. It benefits people’s health in a way. D. It’s based on traditional electronics. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍科罗拉多大学博尔德分校研发的可穿戴设备，它能将人体热量转化为电能，且具备可拉伸、自修复、可回收等优势，有望为可穿戴电子设备供电。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的““In the future, we want to be able to power your wearable electronics without having to include a battery,” said Jianliang Xiao, an associate professor at CU Boulder. (科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的副教授Jianliang Xiao表示：“未来，我们希望能够在无需配备电池的情况下，为你的可穿戴电子设备供电。”)”可知，Xiao目前期望他的设备能为可穿戴设备提供持续电力。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The concept may sound like something out of The Matrix film series, in which a race of robots have chained humans to harvest their precious organic energy. Xiao and his colleagues aren’t that ambitious(这个概念听起来可能像是《黑客帝国》系列电影中的情节，在电影中，一群机器人囚禁了人类，以获取他们宝贵的有机能量。Xiao和他的同事们并没有那么雄心勃勃)”可知，作者提及《黑客帝国》系列是为了说明该设备的理念看似科幻。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Scientists have previously experimented with similar wearable devices, but Xiao’s is stretchy, can heal itself when damaged and is fully recyclable-making it a cleaner alternative to traditional electronics.(科学家们此前曾试验过类似的可穿戴设备，但Xiao的设备具有可拉伸性、受损后可自修复且可完全回收利用的特点，使其成为传统电子产品更环保的替代品。)”可知，该段主要讲述Xiao的设备所具备的优势。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The device is stretchy enough that you can wear it like a ring, sport band or any other thing that touches your skin.(该设备具有足够的弹性，你可以像戴戒指、运动手环或其他任何接触皮肤的物品一样佩戴它。)”以及全文围绕其为可穿戴电子设备供电的功能、优势展开可知，Xiao的设备是为实际使用而设计的。故选B项。 主题语境04 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·陕西镇安中学·期中）Self-confidence is an important quality to develop in your kid. It is associated with better grades, more satisfying personal relationships, better decision making, and greater self-control. Self-confidence is obtained from skills and competencies, experiences, treatment by others and the nature and frequency(频率) of successes and failures. But, self-confidence is also affected by something as simple as how your kids carry themselves as they go about their daily lives. If kids behave more self-confidently, they feel more self-confident. Here are some direct instructions parents can give their kids to help them make it. To start with, have your kids stand tall and straight with their shoulders back. This is particularly important for teenage girls. It is not unusual for girls to draw their shoulders inward as a way of avoiding dealing with the changes of their bodies. They will need help balance being confident in their bodies. Self-confident people stand and walk with their hands out and to the side of the body. Some research has provided evidence that placing your hands on your hips(髋部) results in greater decisiveness in business situations. This is sometimes referred to as the super hero stance. Before your kids are about to engage in an activity where self-confidence is required, have them stand like a super hero with their heads held high, their eyes focused on the horizon and their hands on their hips. It can feel kind of silly but will make a difference in their attitude and behaviour. Finally, your kids need to be aware of how they actually walk. Self-confident people walk with big steps. They take solid steps with their head up, looking where they are going and making direct eye contact with people they encounter. With a little time and some direct instruction, you can help your teen appear more self-confident which will actually help them feel more self-confident. You are the perfect person for them to practise on. One thing though. It is probably better to address this in private. 1.What will kids fail to gain with more self-confidence? A. Better marks on the exam. B. Better relationship with others. C. Greater self-control. D. The strongest bones. 2.What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Standing like a super hero. B. Engaging in an activity. C. Making eyes focused on a certain thing. D. Holding heads high. 3.What can we know from paragraphs 2-4? A. Teen girls always stand tall and straight with their shoulders back. B. Self-confident persons aren’t afraid of straight eye contact. C. It’s impolite to put your hands on your hips when you talk with others. D. You should mind your steps when you walk, being careful and slow. 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Self-confidence and Body Language B. Self-confidence and Teen Girls C. Self-confidence and Parents D. Self-confidence and Good Quality 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了自信的好处，并通过不同的肢体语言介绍如何让十多岁的孩子们增强自信。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Self-confidence is an important quality to develop in your kid. It is associated with better grades, more satisfying personal relationships, better decision making, and greater self-control.（自信是培养孩子的重要品质。它与更好的成绩、更令人满意的人际关系、更好的决策和更好的自制力有关。）”可知，孩子么变得自信之后，就可以拥有好的成绩、良好的人际关系和自制力等。“最强壮的骨头”在文中并未提及。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Before your kids are about to engage in an activity where self-confidence is required, have them stand like a super hero with their heads held high, their eyes focused on the horizon and their hands on their hips(在你的孩子即将参加一项需要自信的活动之前，像超人一样站着，仰起头，平视前方，双手叉腰)”可知，it代指前面的提到的“have them stand like a super hero”。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“They take solid steps with their head up, looking where they are going and making direct eye contact with people they encounter. （他们昂首迈出坚实的步伐，看看自己要去的地方，并与遇到的人进行直接的眼神交流。）”可知，自信的人会与他们所遇到的人直接进行眼神交流。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章讲述了自信的好处，并通过不同的肢体语言介绍如何让十多岁的孩子们增强自信，作者提出了三种让孩子提高自信的方法，全部都是在肢体语言上的表现，A项“Self-confidence and Body Language（自信与肢体语言）”最能概括本文的主题，是最合适的标题。故选A项。 主题语境05 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·山西·期中）Experts say that the “7-38-55 Rule” can greatly help improve emotional understanding. While words carry meaning, they often cannot show the full emotional story. Imagining a friend asking, “Are you okay?” and you answering, “Yeah, I’m fine.” The words may sound comforting, but a flat voice and drooping (低垂的) shoulders say a lot more. We naturally interpret stops in speaking and body movements before we fully trust a message. This natural judgment occurs all the time—during quick talks in the hall, video calls, or first meetings. The 7-38-55 Rule describes this situation: only 7% of emotional meaning is carried through words, 38% through tone (语调) of voice, and 55% through body language. The rule came from the research by expert Albert Mehrabian in the 1960s. He studied how people decide if someone is likable when spoken and bodily signals don’t match. His tests, which used mixed-up facial expressions and recorded words, showed that people depend more on tone and facial expressions than on the actual words. As Mehrabian pointed out, when spoken and bodily signals don’t agree, the latter are likely to be more powerful. This idea becomes especially important in emotionally unclear situations. For example, saying “Great job” in a flat voice while you look at your phone weakens the message. On the other hand, sincere eye contact and a warm tone make the praise believable. Similarly, in social situations, someone using awkward words but smiling and bending forward can still leave a good impression. Digital communication shows the weakness of relying only on words. Text takes away 93% of the emotional meaning, which is why a simple “Sure” can be misinterpreted. People try to make up for this by using more emojis (表情), yet misunderstandings still occur often. Even video calls, with their technical limitations, often fail to fully express our intended meaning. In work environments, body signals strongly affect teamwork and leadership. Voice alone accounts for nearly 40% of how your attitude is seen by others. A calm tone and an open body position build trust better than data alone. Similarly, in personal interactions, gestures and eye contact can either build or block connection. 1.What did Mehrabian’s research study? A. What makes a good talk. B. How words carry meaning. C. How to use body language. D. How people judge likability. 2.What does paragraph 4 suggest about emotional expression? A. Phone use improves message trust. B. Tone and body language matter more. C. Words are enough to show true feelings. D. Awkward words always ruin impressions. 3.What can we learn about video calls from paragraph 5? A. They fully show emotions. B. They take less time than texts. C. They have no technical limits. D. They can’t express our meaning well. 4.What’s the author’s attitude to the 7-38-55 Rule? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Unconcerned. D. Unclear. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍“7-38-55法则”，即情绪表达中语言占7%、语调占38%、肢体语言占55%，并结合研究、实例说明该法则在不同场景中的应用价值。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The rule came from the research by expert Albert Mehrabian in the 1960s. He studied how people decide if someone is likable when spoken and bodily signals don’t match.(该法则源于专家阿尔伯特·梅拉比安在20世纪60年代的研究。他研究了当语言信号和身体信号不一致时，人们如何判断一个人是否可爱。)”可知，梅拉比安的研究核心是探讨人们在语言与身体信号冲突时，如何判断他人的可爱程度。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“For example, saying “Great job” in a flat voice while you look at your phone weakens the message. On the other hand, sincere eye contact and a warm tone make the praise believable. Similarly, in social situations, someone using awkward words but smiling and bending forward can still leave a good impression.(例如，一边看手机一边用平淡的语气说“干得好”会削弱信息的可信度。另一方面，真诚的眼神交流和温暖的语调会让赞美变得可信。同样，在社交场合中，一个人即使言辞笨拙，但面带微笑、身体前倾，仍然能留下良好的印象。)”可知，该段通过正反实例对比，表明语调与肢体语言对情绪表达的影响比单纯的语言更重要。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Even video calls, with their technical limitations, often fail to fully express our intended meaning.(即使是视频通话，由于其技术限制，也常常无法完全表达我们的真实意图。)”可知，视频通话受技术限制，不能很好地传递人们的真实含义。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Experts say that the “7-38-55 Rule” can greatly help improve emotional understanding.(专家表示，“7-38-55法则”能极大帮助提升情绪理解能力。)”、第四段实例论证法则在情绪表达中的作用、第五段说明该法则解释了数字沟通的局限性、第六段强调其在工作和人际交往中的重要性，全文围绕法则的价值展开论述可知，作者对该法则持支持态度。故选B项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·陕西商洛山阳中学·期中）The world buys over a million plastic bottles every minute, and most people end up as pollution that lasts for centuries. Plastic bottles are usually made from a material called PET, which is hard to reuse properly. Most used PET becomes lower quality plastic that still gets thrown away later. To increase material recovery quality, a research team from the University of Edinburgh has developed innovative approaches that give plastic a renewed purpose without traditional reprocessing methods. The process is surprisingly simple. First, scientists break the plastic into small chemical pieces. Then, the research team works with a common bacterium called E. coli. The bacteria eat the pieces and turn them into painkiller medicine. The experiment is successful and shows plastic waste can become something useful instead of just trash. Dr. Stephen Wallace, who led the study, said, “We estimate (估计) that one plastic water bottle could produce about nine regular painkiller tablets (药片). While this amount needs improving for large-scale production, it proves the idea works. In the experiment, the bacteria successfully changed medicine within one day. All this happens in water at normal room temperature without pollution, unlike traditional medicine making that needs lots of energy and discharges greenhouse gases.” Although plastic raw materials are very easy to collect and process, there are still challenges before this plastic-made medicine reaches stores. Scientists are planning strict tests to prove the treatment carries no health risks and has no negative effects. However, this new method could help turn this waste into valuable medicine while reducing the need for oil in medicine production. It shows how science can find solutions that help both people and the environment through innovation. While more research is needed, this breakthrough offers hope for a future where plastic waste becomes a resource rather than a problem. It represents an important step toward cleaner medicine production and smarter ways to deal with our plastic waste. The study reminds us that with innovation, we can find ways to solve environmental challenges while still making the products we need. 1.What is the purpose of the research team’s study? A. To recycle plastic bottles better. B. To discover new bacterial species. C. To invent better painkiller medicine. D. To increase the production of plastics. 2.What does Dr. Stephen Wallace think of the experiment? A. It brings negative medical effects, B. It is ready for mass production. C. It is an environmentally friendly process. D. It takes much time and requires patience. 3.What will the researchers do next? A. Collect various raw materials. B. Put the medicine on the market. C. Ensure the safety of the medicine. D. Reduce the need for oil in medicine. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards the study? A. Positive. B. Doubtful. C. Disapproving. D. Unclear. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了爱丁堡大学研究团队开发新方法，将塑料转化为止痛药，助力环保与医药生产。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“To increase material recovery quality, a research team from the University of Edinburgh has developed innovative approaches that give plastic a renewed purpose without traditional reprocessing methods.(为了提高材料回收质量，爱丁堡大学的一个研究团队开发了创新方法，在不使用传统再加工方法的情况下，赋予塑料新的用途)”可知，研究团队的目的是更好地回收塑料瓶。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“All this happens in water at normal room temperature without pollution, unlike traditional medicine making that needs lots of energy and discharges greenhouse gases.(所有这一切都发生在常温下的水中，没有污染，不像传统制药需要大量能源并排放温室气体)”可知，Dr. Stephen Wallace认为这是一个环保的过程。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Scientists are planning strict tests to prove the treatment carries no health risks and has no negative effects.(科学家们正在计划严格的测试，以证明这种治疗方法不会带来健康风险，也没有负面影响)”可知，研究人员接下来要确保药物的安全性。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“It shows how science can find solutions that help both people and the environment through innovation.(它展示了科学如何通过创新找到既造福人类又有益于环境的解决方案)”及最后一段中“While more research is needed, this breakthrough offers hope for a future where plastic waste becomes a resource rather than a problem.(虽然还需要更多的研究，但这一突破为塑料垃圾成为资源而非问题的未来带来了希望)”可知，作者对这项研究持积极态度。故选A。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·陕西镇安中学·期中）Some specialists doubt often using noise-cancelling headphones against background noise may hurt people’s hearing skills. Renee Almeida, an audiologist (听力师) at a healthcare trust, has seen a rise in adults who visit her clinic with various hearing issues but tests suggest their hearing is fine. The problem is with their brain, not their ears. They may fail to locate where a sound is from, or follow a conversation with full attention. The condition, known as auditory processing disorder (APD), is often found in children, making them struggle to hear in classrooms or focus on a conversation. The rise in adults with similar issues struck Almeida as strange.$