高考经典阅读理解02——项目式、探究式学习（研究报告）（全国通用）—2027跟着经典英语高考试题备高考

专题02高考经典阅读理解 ——项目式、探究式学习（研究报告） 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·题型剖析 4 拔高·模拟演练 5 真题·命题感知 一、高考经典阅读理解——项目式、探究式学习（研究报告） 经典：（2026·全国I卷）D篇A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. 提出问题/目的：首段明确点出，实验旨在比较“仅仅看艺术”与“主动评判艺术之美”这两种行为对认知的不同影响。 In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. 设计实验方法：第二段清晰描述了实验对象（187人）、实验地点（kettle's yard画廊）分组方式（美组与对照组）以及两组各自的具体任务。 Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. 呈现实验结果：第三段和第四段分别从“抽象思维能力”和“情绪状态”；两个维度，用具体数据（如“高出14%高出25%高出23%”）显示了实验结果。 “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. “It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.” 得出结论与意义：第五段引用资深作者的话，对实验结果进行了解读和升华，指出来“欣赏艺术之美”对开启“抽象认知过程”的价值。 结论：这篇文章本身就像一份简明的研究报告，为考生构建了一个完整的、真实的学术探究情境，考生阅读这篇文章的过程，就是在模拟接触和了解一项科学研究过程。 题目设计：引导考生模拟“研究者”的思考路径 “探究式”的关键在于题目不是停留在“文章说了什么”的表面，而是引导考生思考“研究是怎么做的”、“为什么这么做”以及“结构意味着什么”。 32．What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects?32理解实验设计 A．Draw their outlines. B．Give each piece a rating. C．Compare their prices. D．Make a copy of each piece. 33．Which participants got the highest score on average in the test?33分析实验数据 A．Beauty group, with an artistic hobby. B．Beauty group, without an artistic hobby. C．Control group, with an artistic hobby. D．Control group, without an artistic hobby. 34．Why were the participants’ emotional states measured?34探究实验逻辑 A．To discover their attitudes towards art. B．To identify their specific thinking patterns. C．To examine the difficulty of the tasks. D．To determine factors behind the test results. 35．What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art?35概括研究结论 A．It enhances emotional ties. B．It needs critical thinking skills. C．It creates positive feelings. D．It encourages abstract thinking. 【答案】32．B 33．A 34．D 35．D 【解析】主要介绍剑桥心理学家开展对照实验，对比单纯观赏艺术品和主动评判美感分别带来的认知影响，并解读实验结论：主动欣赏艺术之美能够促进抽象思维，让人跳出具体、狭隘的思维方式。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself.(参与者被随机分成两组：“美感组”被要求主动思考，然后为他们所观看的每一件物品的美感打分，而对照组只是把物品的线条图和这件艺术品实物进行配对。)”可知，美感组要为每件作品打分评级。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group.(在那些人当中，效果更加显著：美感组中有艺术爱好的受试者，其抽象思维平均分比对照组中有艺术爱好的受试者高出25%以上。)”以及第四段中的“Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group.(在所有受试者中，审美组受试者所报告的 “蜕变感与自我超越感”（诸如感动、豁然开朗、备受鼓舞这类情绪）平均水平，比对照组高出23%。)”可知，拥有艺术爱好的美感组成员测试平均分最高。 34．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience.(研究人员还通过询问受试者在参观美术馆任务过程中的内心感受，测评了他们的情绪状态。在全部受试者里，美感组汇报的“蜕变感与自我超越感”（例如心生触动、豁然开悟、备受鼓舞等感受）平均分值，比对照组高出23%。但关键的一点是，美感组并未表示自己比对照组更快乐。这就说明，是对美的感知体验影响了抽象思维能力，而非这段经历带来的整体积极情绪在起作用。)”可知，研究者通过检测情绪，排除了积极情绪干扰，找到了造成两组测试分数差距的真实原因，也就是确定测试结果背后的影响因素。 35．推理判断题。根据第一段的“ A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.(剑桥大学的一组心理学家进行了一项实验，旨在比较仅仅观看艺术作品与主动评判其美感所产生的认知效应。)”；第三段中的“Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking.(在所有参与者中，美感组的抽象思维平均分比对照组高出近 14%。)”以及第五段中的“Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.(欣赏艺术之美或许是启动抽象认知过程的理想途径。)”可知，实验全程数据都体现出主动品鉴艺术美感可以提升抽象思维得分，研究者最终也证实欣赏艺术能够启动抽象认知过程，因此推断欣赏艺术之美促进抽象思维。 2.为什么高考中项目式、探究式学习是重要的命题情境 高考命题《通知》中要求加强项目式，探究式的真实情境问题设计，更好考查学生关键能力，学科素养和思维品质的要求。26年新高考I卷的阅读理解D篇，呈现了一个从假设到验证的心理实验过程，其结构符合科学探究的基本范式。其探究式设计将考生从一个被动的信息接收者，转变为一个主动的研究参与者和思考者。题目不再问是什么，而是更多地引导考生思考为什么这样设计和这个结果意味着什么，考生不是在看一个研究，而是在解剖一个研究。 强化真实情境命题 具体表述：项目式、探究式的真实情境问题设计，告别单纯刷题模式，强调解决真实问题的能力，试题可能采用完整项目背景，涉及多学科知识整合 项目式、探究式情境的核心内涵 项目式学习（PBL，project-based Learning） 指围绕一个真实是、复杂的任务或问题展开学习，学生需要经历完整的项目周期：发现问题——制定方案——调查研究——分析解决——成果展示。在高考命题中体现为：给出一个需要多步骤解决的真实任务，考查学生在复杂情境中综合运用语言能力。 探究式学习（Inquiry-based Learning） 强调学生像研究者一样主动探究、发现问题、寻找证据、得出结论。在高考命题中体现为：提供开放性材料，引导学生通过分析、推理、评价等思维活动自主建构意义。 进阶·题型剖析 科学实验报告 文体结构特点： 结构清晰逻辑强 （Introduction）——实验描述—结果呈现（methods and results）——结论讨论、意义运用、局部缺陷（discussion）IMD结构背景引入、结论讨论、意义运用、局部缺陷 实验描述—结果呈现 背景引入、结论呈现、问题提出 备考建议 熟悉文体结构与常见考点 掌握IMRD框架 引言（introduction）关注研究背景、核心问题 方法（methods）注重理解实验设计（如分组方式、数据收集技术） 结果（results）注意数据对比和图表分析（如雏鸟模仿频率与喂食量相关） 讨论（discussion）总结研究意义及局限性 练习方法：用思维导图标注文章各个部分，快速定位关键信息 高频考点梳理 实验目的：常以what is the main purpose of the study?学术提问 研究方法：细节题，how did researchers collect data? 结论与推断：推理题what can be inferred from the findings? 词汇推测：通过上下文猜词 拔高·模拟演练 1.（2027·广西南宁市第二中学学情调研）A large U.S. study found that older adults who drink coffee — whether caffeinated or decaffeinated — tend to have a lower risk of death compared to non-coffee drinkers. The research, led by scientists from the National Institutes of Health, observed a reduced risk of death from heart disease, stroke, diabetes, infections, and other causes, though no clear link was found with cancer-related deaths. The study followed 400,000 adults aged 50-71 over 13 years. Participants reported their coffee habits once at the start of the study. Results showed that those who drank three or more cups daily had about a 10% lower risk of death than non-drinkers. This association remained even after adjusting for factors like smoking and diet. However, researchers cautioned that the findings do not prove coffee directly extends lifespan. “Coffee is widely consumed, but its health effects have been debated,” said Dr. Neal Freedman, lead author of the study. “While we can’t confirm coffee causes a longer life, these results strongly indicate it isn’t harmful and might even be beneficial.” Notably, the type of caffeine (caffeinated vs. decaf) mattered little, implying that other compounds in coffee — e.g. antioxidants — might play a role. Coffee contains over 1,000 chemicals, many of which could influence health.    Of course, the study has limitations. Coffee intake was self-reported only once, and preparation methods were not analyzed. Differences in brewing might affect the health properties of coffee. Additionally, while coffee was linked to lower overall death risk, men who drank large amounts showed a slight increase in cancer deaths, though this was not strongly conclusive. Experts emphasize that lifestyle factors matter. Coffee drinkers may have shared other healthy habits. “This doesn’t mean everyone should start drinking coffee,” said Freedman. “But it offers reassurance that moderate consumption is likely safe.” Published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2012, this research adds to evidence that coffee, when enjoyed in moderation, could be a component of healthy lifestyle. Future studies will explore how specific compounds in coffee interact with the body. 1．What on earth plays a crucial role in coffee drinkers’ living longer? A．The type of caffeine (regular or decaf). B．The brewing methods used in the study. C．Coffee drinkers’ healthier life habits. D．Antioxidants and other compounds in coffee. 2．What can we learn from the study on coffee drinking? A．The study confirms coffee directly extends lifespan. B．More studies are still needed to confirm the finding. C．Drinking coffee reduces the risk of cancer-related deaths. D．The study conducted nationwide covered all age groups. 3．How does the author develop the text? A．By comparing different study results. B．By presenting findings and drawbacks. C．By arguing against previous theories. D．By introducing effective medical cures. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Coffee Linked to Lower Death Risk B．Coffee Can Cure Deadly Diseases C．Decaf Coffee Has Been Proved Healthier D．Coffee Can Extend Lifespan Directly 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A 【解析】本文主要介绍一项大型美国研究发现喝咖啡的老年人死亡风险更低，但未证明咖啡直接延寿，需理性看待该研究结果。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Notably, the type of caffeine (caffeinated vs. decaf) mattered little, implying that other compounds in coffee — e.g. antioxidants — might play a role. Coffee contains over 1,000 chemicals, many of which could influence health.(值得注意的是，咖啡因的类型（含咖啡因或脱咖啡因）影响不大，这意味着咖啡中的其他物质——例如抗氧化剂——可能起到了作用。)”可知，真正在喝咖啡者长寿中起关键作用的是咖啡中的抗氧化剂和其他物质。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2012, this research adds to evidence that coffee, when enjoyed in moderation, could be a component of healthy lifestyle. Future studies will explore how specific compounds in coffee interact with the body.(这项2012年发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的研究进一步证明，适量饮用咖啡可能是健康生活方式的一部分。未来的研究将探索咖啡中的特定物质如何与人体相互作用。)”可知，仍需要更多研究来证实该发现。 3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章首先介绍美国这项咖啡相关研究的具体发现，中间引用研究人员观点，第五段专门阐述该研究存在的局限性与不足，最后说明研究价值并展望未来研究方向。作者主要通过呈现研究发现，同时指出研究的缺陷来展开文章。B项“By presenting findings and drawbacks(展示研究发现与研究缺陷)”符合行文逻辑。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“A large U.S. study found that older adults who drink coffee — whether caffeinated or decaffeinated — tend to have a lower risk of death compared to non-coffee drinkers.(美国一项大型研究发现，与不喝咖啡的人相比，喝咖啡的老年人——无论是含咖啡因还是脱咖啡因的——死亡风险往往更低。)”可知，文章主要说明咖啡与较低的死亡风险相关，由此可知，A项“喝咖啡与降低死亡风险有关联”可以概括文章主题，适合作为最佳标题。 2.（2027·广西南宁市学情诊断检测）Want to learn a new language or get A’s in college exams? Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that turn new information into long-term memory. A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning. Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning. Participants — 72 healthy male and female adults — were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning. After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two-thirds of them also exercised. Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test. The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested. Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity. The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately. Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying. But why? That’s one question the researchers have yet to answer. Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning. I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning. 1．What did the new study aim to explore? A．Whether exercise can improve learning in general. B．How the timing of exercise affects learning outcomes. C．Which type of exercise produces the most biochemicals. D．Whether mental function is related to physical fitness. 2．What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment? A．Watch films about nature. B．Do circuit training on exercise bikes. C．Take a recall test at the beginning. D．Test the performance of a computer. 3．Why did the participants return to the lab two days later? A．To do a medical examination. B．To have their memory tested. C．To get their workouts recorded. D．To finish their previous tasks. 4．What might the author’s marathon running prove? A．The findings of the study are reliable. B．Long-distance runners are often smart. C．Studies on the marathon are not enough. D．Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 【解析】文章介绍了一项新的研究，探讨了运动时间对学习效果的影响，发现学习后四小时进行运动最有助于记忆巩固，并讨论了运动强度与学习之间的关系。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning. (一项新的研究在此基础上更进一步，找到了运动有助于最大化学习效果的最佳时间。)”以及第二段“Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning. (基于以往研究发现运动可释放改善大脑功能的生物化学物质，拉德堡德大学和爱丁堡大学的科学家开展了一项研究，以确定运动对学习最有益的时间。)”可知，这项新研究旨在探索运动的时间如何影响学习效果。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two-thirds of them also exercised. (测试结束后，所有受试者都观看了自然纪录片，但其中三分之二的人还进行了锻炼。)”可知，所有参与者都被要求观看自然纪录片。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity. (两天后，所有参与者返回实验室进行回忆测试，并连接到磁共振成像机器以评估他们的大脑活动。)”可知，参与者两天后返回实验室是为了进行记忆测试。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. (我跑过足够多的马拉松，足以证明我的大脑在艰苦锻炼期间或之后一点都不敏锐。)”可知，作者的马拉松经历证明了高强度运动可能不会使大脑变得敏锐。 3.（2027·江苏省启东中学阶段测试）A team of psychologists from the University of Chicago conducted an experiment to compare the effects of natural sounds and common white noise on people’s sustained attention. In the study, 212 adult participants were randomly divided into two groups. The nature sound group completed a 40‑minute attention task with recordings of forest birdsong and gentle rainfall playing in the background. The control group performed the same task with standard white noise — a steady, uniform sound widely used in workplaces to reduce surrounding distractions. The task required participants to monitor a stream of numbers on a screen and press a button whenever a specific rare pattern appeared. Both accuracy and reaction speed were recorded as key measures of attention performance. Overall, the nature sound group scored 12% higher on average in attention accuracy than the control group, with no significant difference in reaction speed between the two groups. When researchers divided participants by their self‑reported daily distractibility, the performance gap grew much wider. Among people who often struggled to stay focused in daily life, those in the nature sound group performed over 21% better than similar participants in the control group. For those with naturally strong concentration, the improvement was small and not statistically meaningful. The researchers also tracked participants’ mood states before and after the task. Both groups reported similar levels of relaxation and positive feelings after finishing the test. This result indicated that the attention improvement was not driven by a better mood, but by the natural sounds themselves, which help the brain enter a gentle state of focus without requiring extra mental effort. “Many people turn on white noise when they need to concentrate, assuming it is the most reliable choice,” said Dr. Lena Marlow, lead researcher of the study. “But our findings suggest natural sounds are a more effective option, especially for those who struggle with distraction. Small adjustments to our daily sound environment can bring noticeable improvements to work and study efficiency.” 1．What is a feature of the nature sound group in the experiment? A．They finished a shorter version of the task. B．They worked with natural sound recordings. C．They were tested only on reaction speed. D．They were chosen from office workers. 2．Which group showed the most obvious performance improvement? A．The nature sound group with strong natural focus. B．The control group with strong natural focus. C．The nature sound group with high daily distractibility. D．The control group with high daily distractibility. 3．Why did the researchers measure participants’ mood states? A．To judge how relaxing different sounds are. B．To rule out mood as the cause of the results. C．To test the influence of the task on feelings. D．To measure the mental effort of the task. 4．What can we learn from the study’s findings? A．White noise does harm to people’s concentration. B．Natural sounds can effectively help improve focus. C．Sound has little effect on most people’s attention. D．People with strong focus need no sound assistance. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 【解析】文章主要介绍一项实验，说明自然声比白噪音更有助于提升专注力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The nature sound group completed a 40‑minute attention task with recordings of forest birdsong and gentle rainfall playing in the background. (自然声音组在播放森林鸟鸣和轻柔雨声录音的背景下，完成了一项40分钟的注意力任务)”可知，自然声音组的实验特征是在自然声音录音的背景下完成任务。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Among people who often struggled to stay focused in daily life, those in the nature sound group performed over 21% better than similar participants in the control group. (在日常注意力容易分散的人群中，自然声音组的表现比对照组中情况相似的参与者高出21%以上)”可知，日常易分心的自然声音组表现提升最明显。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“This result indicated that the attention improvement was not driven by a better mood, but by the natural sounds themselves, which help the brain enter a gentle state of focus without requiring extra mental effort. (这一结果表明，注意力的提升并非由更好的情绪所驱动，而是由自然声音本身带来的，这些声音能帮助大脑进入一种温和的专注状态，而无需额外的心理努力)”可知，研究者测量情绪状态是为了排除情绪作为实验结果的影响因素。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But our findings suggest natural sounds are a more effective option, especially for those who struggle with distraction. (但我们的研究结果表明，自然声音是一种更有效的选择，尤其是对于那些难以集中注意力的人来说)”可知，这项研究的发现告诉我们，自然声音可以有效地帮助人们提高专注力。 4.（2027·福建泉州市高三适应性考试）Living and flying around cities, pigeons have adapted to an ever-shifting environment. But their environment isn’t the only thing that’s constantly changing. New research suggests the birds themselves avoid stability in their decision-making, instead choosing to live “at the edge of chaos.” As model species for learning and behavior, these birds are helping researchers test a century-old law about how humans and other creatures learn. When learning something new, people and animals alike tend to repeat behaviors that are rewarded. First proposed in 1898, this principle is so well established in psychology that it has become known as “the law of effect”. But a new study is challenging this idea. University of Iowa experimental psychologist Edward A．Wasserman and his colleagues conducted a test on pigeons. And the study’s results, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, suggest these birds prefer variability. To see how rewarded behaviors vary, the researchers gave pigeons a series of five colorful buttons to peck (啄). They could peck any buttons in any order, but as long as they pecked five times, a treat (bird food) would appear. Based on previous theories of learning, the scientists expected the pigeons might eventually slip into a routine—perhaps choosing to repeat patterns they know work or simply pecking the button nearest to them five times. Instead they continued pecking in a variety of patterns. “There would be no reason not to expect that the animals would converge (汇聚) on a single favorite, but it never got to that point,” Wasserman says. “You could argue the birds are just completely resistant to locking into anything stable.” The team theorizes that pigeons’ devotion to variability might be an evolutionary advantage that aids handling new challenges in their environment — and they expect birds aren’t the only ones resisting uniformity. The researchers are currently conducting tests to see whether rewarded behaviors remain variable in different animals, which others in the field say might explain how the brain makes behavioral decisions while learning. 1．In paragraph 2, “the law of effect” is described as ______. A．outdated B．groundless C．controversial D．self-contradictory 2．According to paragraph 3, the researchers originally expected the pigeons to ______. A．cooperate with fellows B．obtain a stable pattern C．find the odd button out D．seize the treat quickly 3．How does Wasserman sound in paragraph 4? A．Indifferent. B．Skeptical. C．Relieved. D．Shocked. 4．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that variability ______. A．may be a shared feature across species B．may not be applicable to human beings C．is best displayed in birds’ behaviors D．completely denies “the law of effect” 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【解析】文章介绍一项新研究，发现鸽子做选择时偏好多变、拒绝稳定，挑战了心理学效果律，并探究该特性的进化意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But a new study is challenging this idea.(但一项新的研究正在挑战这一观点)”可知，原本公认的效果律如今受到质疑、存在争议。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Based on previous theories of learning, the scientists expected the pigeons might eventually slip into a routine—perhaps choosing to repeat patterns they know work or simply pecking the button nearest to them five times.(基于以往的学习理论，科学家们原本预计鸽子最终会形成固定套路 —— 或许会选择重复它们已知有效的模式，或只是五次啄击离自己最近的按钮)”可知，研究人员原本预期鸽子会形成稳定的行为模式。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“There would be no reason not to expect that the animals would converge on a single favorite, but it never got to that point (我们完全有理由预期这些动物会固定偏好单一模式，但这种情况从未出现)”可知，实验结果超出预期，Wasserman对此结果感到震惊。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The team theorizes that pigeons’ devotion to variability might be an evolutionary advantage that aids handling new challenges in their environment — and they expect birds aren’t the only ones resisting uniformity.(该研究团队提出理论：鸽子对多样性的执着或许是一种进化优势，这种优势有助于应对生存环境中的新挑战 —— 并且他们认为，鸟类并非是抗拒单一化的唯一物种)”以及研究人员准备对其他动物开展测试可知，偏好多变的特性或许是多个物种的共同特征。 5.（2027·河北衡水市第二中学开学）We’ve long known that aerobic (有氧的) exercise helps people live longer, and now strength training is being recognized for the same life-extending effect. A Harvard-led study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine suggests that people who do up to two hours of strength training each week over many years may lower their risk of early death from several major diseases, such as heart disease and nerve-related illnesses. Researchers analyzed data from three large studies involving 147,374 middle-aged or older adults, about 79 percent of whom were women. The participants were tracked for as long as 30 years. They reported how often and how intensely they exercised, including resistance training like weight lifting and body-weight movements, as well as aerobic activities including fast walking, cycling and running. Records of deaths from all causes were also collected during the study period. Experts noted that the large sample size and long follow-up time made the research results highly reliable. The findings showed that those who took part in 90 to 119 minutes of resistance training per week were 13 percent less likely to die of any cause than those who did no strength training at all. They also faced a 19 percent lower risk of death from heart-related disease and a 27 percent lower risk of dying from neurological diseases such as dementia. Even a moderate amount of such training was found to bring noticeable health gains, regardless of age or gender. Aerobic exercise by itself remained a strong factor in lengthening lifespan (寿命). However, the most significant health benefits appeared when resistance training was combined with aerobic exercise. People who took both types of exercise regularly were up to 45 percent less likely to die during the study than those who did little aerobic activity and no resistance training. The study provides strong evidence that adding strength training to daily routines can greatly contribute to healthier and longer lives. 1．What may help reduce the risk of early death? A．Occasional light exercise in a week. B．Focusing on certain outdoor activities. C．Reducing daily exercise to a low level. D．Proper strength training on a regular basis. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Possible ways to improve exercise effects. B．Health gains from proper resistance training. C．Factors connected with different death risks. D．Common ways of recording exercise information. 3．How may people gain better exercise benefits according to the text? A．By combining different exercise forms. B．By increasing exercise time gradually. C．By focusing on one kind of exercise. D．By choosing less energetic activities. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward strength training? A．Doubtful. B．Unconcerned. C．Supportive. D．Cautious. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文介绍哈佛大学主导的一项研究，说明规律适度的力量训练能够降低多种疾病造成的早亡风险，力量训练结合有氧运动可以实现最佳健康效益。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A Harvard-led study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine suggests that people who do up to two hours of strength training each week over many years may lower their risk of early death from several major diseases, such as heart disease and nerve-related illnesses(发表在《英国运动医学杂志》上的一项由哈佛大学主导的研究表明，多年来每周进行最多两小时力量训练的人，可能会降低因心脏病、神经相关疾病等多种重大疾病早亡的风险)”可知，定期进行适度力量训练有助于降低早亡风险。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The findings showed that those who took part in 90 to 119 minutes of resistance training per week were 13 percent less likely to die of any cause than those who did no strength training at all. They also faced a 19 percent lower risk of death from heart-related disease and a 27 percent lower risk of dying from neurological diseases such as dementia. Even a moderate amount of such training was found to bring noticeable health gains, regardless of age or gender.(研究结果表明，每周进行90至119分钟抗阻训练的人，因任何原因死亡的风险比完全没有力量训练的人低13%。他们死于心脏相关疾病的风险也降低了19%，因神经系统疾病（如痴呆）而死亡的风险降低了27%。研究发现，无论年龄或性别，即使此类训练量适中，也能带来明显的健康益处。)”可知，本段主要讲述了适度抗阻训练可以带来显著健康益处。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, the most significant health benefits appeared when resistance training was combined with aerobic exercise(然而，当抗阻训练与有氧运动相结合时，会产生最显著的健康益处)”可知，把不同运动形式结合起来可以收获更好的运动效果。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study provides strong evidence that adding strength training to daily routines can greatly contribute to healthier and longer lives(该研究有力证明，在日常生活中加入力量训练能极大助力人们活得更健康、更长寿)”以及全文对力量训练延寿、降低疾病死亡风险的积极介绍可知，作者认可力量训练的诸多益处，对于力量训练持支持态度。 6.（2027·浙江A9协作体学情诊断）Dreams seem to occur at random, from everyday situations to unpredictable experiences. Now, a new study shows that our personal features as well as real-life events actually shape what we dream about, creating patterns in our subconsciousness (潜意识). The study, published in Communications Psychology, analyzed thousands of dream and waking experience reports collected over four years. The researchers used natural language processing tools to quantify the structure of dreams. They found that personal features like how often someone daydreams, their attitudes about dreams, and their sleep quality all influence dream content. Researchers noticed that dreams don’t simply replay scenes from our daily lives. Instead, dreams seem to mix familiar places like workplaces, hospitals, and schools into new scenes that blend memories with imagination. The reported dreams tended to focus more on visual details, feature more characters, and make less logical sense. They were also less self-focused and less driven by conscious thinking. These dream transformations weren’t the same for everyone. Participants who spent more time daydreaming during the day tended to have dreams that jumped rapidly from one scene to another. Those who placed more importance on dreams described them as more vivid and immersive. Sleep quality also played a role. The team used three large language models, LLaMA 3, ChatGPT-4, and ChatGPT-4 Turbo, to rate dream reports on 16 different features, such as mood, strangeness and freedom of movement. “By combining large-scale data with computational methods, we were able to uncover patterns in dream contents that were previously difficult to find,” Elce said. “This opens new possibilities for studying consciousness, memory, and mental health in a better way.” 1．How did the researchers conduct the study? A．Data analysis. B．Sleep observation. C．Personal surveys. D．Life event tracking. 2．Which of the following best describes the nature of the dream? A．Creative. B．Conscious. C．Realistic. D．Repetitive. 3．What is the main advantage of the language models? A．Increasing the number of dream features. B．Enhancing the accuracy of human brains. C．Simplifying more personal dream reports. D．Identifying the structures of various dreams. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．To Control Dreams, Control Your Day. B．Better Sleep Creates Better Dreaming. C．AI Now Fully Understands Our dreams. D．Dreams Are the Mind’s Hidden Patterns. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．D 【解析】文章主要介绍了一项新研究，表明个人特征和现实生活事件会塑造梦境内容，并在潜意识中形成模式。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study, published in Communications Psychology, analyzed thousands of dream and waking experience reports collected over four years. The researchers used natural language processing tools to quantify the structure of dreams.(这项发表在《传播心理学》上的研究分析了四年来收集的数千份梦境和清醒体验报告。研究人员使用自然语言处理工具来量化梦境的结构)”可知，研究人员是通过分析数据来进行这项研究的。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Instead, dreams seem to mix familiar places like workplaces, hospitals, and schools into new scenes that blend memories with imagination. The reported dreams tended to focus more on visual details, feature more characters, and make less logical sense.(相反，梦境似乎将工作场所、医院和学校等熟悉的地方混合成新的场景，将记忆与想象融合在一起。报告的梦境往往更注重视觉细节，具有更多角色，且逻辑性较差)”可知，梦境会将记忆与想象融合，创造出新的场景，因此具有创造性。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The team used three large language models, LLaMA 3, ChatGPT-4, and ChatGPT-4 Turbo, to rate dream reports on 16 different features, such as mood, strangeness and freedom of movement. “By combining large-scale data with computational methods, we were able to uncover patterns in dream contents that were previously difficult to find,” Elce said.(该团队使用三种大型语言模型，LLaMA 3、ChatGPT-4和ChatGPT-4 Turbo从情绪、陌生感和运动自由度等16个不同特征维度对梦境报告进行评分。“通过将大规模数据与计算方法相结合，我们能够发现以前很难找到的梦内容中的模式，”Elce说)”可知，语言模型的主要优势是识别各种梦境的结构。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Now, a new study shows that our personal features as well as real-life events actually shape what we dream about, creating patterns in our subconsciousness.(现在，一项新研究表明，我们的个人特征和现实生活事件实际上塑造了我们的梦境，在潜意识中创造了模式)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍梦境并非随机，而是受个人特征影响，并在潜意识中形成隐藏模式，因此D项“梦境是心灵的隐藏模式”最适合作为本文标题。 4 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02高考经典阅读理解 ——项目式、探究式学习（研究报告） 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·题型剖析 4 拔高·模拟演练 5 真题·命题感知 一、高考经典阅读理解——项目式、探究式学习（研究报告） 经典：（2026·全国I卷）D篇A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. “It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.” 32．What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects? A．Draw their outlines. B．Give each piece a rating. C．Compare their prices. D．Make a copy of each piece. 33．Which participants got the highest score on average in the test? A．Beauty group, with an artistic hobby. B．Beauty group, without an artistic hobby. C．Control group, with an artistic hobby. D．Control group, without an artistic hobby. 34．Why were the participants’ emotional states measured? A．To discover their attitudes towards art. B．To identify their specific thinking patterns. C．To examine the difficulty of the tasks. D．To determine factors behind the test results. 35．What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art? A．It enhances emotional ties. B．It needs critical thinking skills. C．It creates positive feelings. D．It encourages abstract thinking. 2.为什么高考中项目式、探究式学习是重要的命题情境 高考命题《通知》中要求加强项目式，探究式的真实情境问题设计，更好考查学生关键能力，学科素养和思维品质的要求。26年新高考I卷的阅读理解D篇，呈现了一个从假设到验证的心理实验过程，其结构符合科学探究的基本范式。其探究式设计将考生从一个被动的信息接收者，转变为一个主动的研究参与者和思考者。题目不再问是什么，而是更多地引导考生思考为什么这样设计和这个结果意味着什么，考生不是在看一个研究，而是在解剖一个研究。 强化真实情境命题 具体表述：项目式、探究式的真实情境问题设计，告别单纯刷题模式，强调解决真实问题的能力，试题可能采用完整项目背景，涉及多学科知识整合 项目式、探究式情境的核心内涵 项目式学习（PBL，project-based Learning） 指围绕一个真实是、复杂的任务或问题展开学习，学生需要经历完整的项目周期：发现问题——制定方案——调查研究——分析解决——成果展示。在高考命题中体现为：给出一个需要多步骤解决的真实任务，考查学生在复杂情境中综合运用语言能力。 探究式学习（Inquiry-based Learning） 强调学生像研究者一样主动探究、发现问题、寻找证据、得出结论。在高考命题中体现为：提供开放性材料，引导学生通过分析、推理、评价等思维活动自主建构意义。 进阶·题型剖析 科学实验报告 文体结构特点： 结构清晰逻辑强 （Introduction）——实验描述—结果呈现（methods and results）——结论讨论、意义运用、局部缺陷（discussion）IMD结构背景引入、结论讨论、意义运用、局部缺陷 实验描述—结果呈现 背景引入、结论呈现、问题提出 备考建议 熟悉文体结构与常见考点 掌握IMRD框架 引言（introduction）关注研究背景、核心问题 方法（methods）注重理解实验设计（如分组方式、数据收集技术） 结果（results）注意数据对比和图表分析（如雏鸟模仿频率与喂食量相关） 讨论（discussion）总结研究意义及局限性 练习方法：用思维导图标注文章各个部分，快速定位关键信息 高频考点梳理 实验目的：常以what is the main purpose of the study?学术提问 研究方法：细节题，how did researchers collect data? 结论与推断：推理题what can be inferred from the findings? 词汇推测：通过上下文猜词 拔高·模拟演练 1.（2027·广西南宁市第二中学学情调研）A large U.S. study found that older adults who drink coffee — whether caffeinated or decaffeinated — tend to have a lower risk of death compared to non-coffee drinkers. The research, led by scientists from the National Institutes of Health, observed a reduced risk of death from heart disease, stroke, diabetes, infections, and other causes, though no clear link was found with cancer-related deaths. The study followed 400,000 adults aged 50-71 over 13 years. Participants reported their coffee habits once at the start of the study. Results showed that those who drank three or more cups daily had about a 10% lower risk of death than non-drinkers. This association remained even after adjusting for factors like smoking and diet. However, researchers cautioned that the findings do not prove coffee directly extends lifespan. “Coffee is widely consumed, but its health effects have been debated,” said Dr. Neal Freedman, lead author of the study. “While we can’t confirm coffee causes a longer life, these results strongly indicate it isn’t harmful and might even be beneficial.” Notably, the type of caffeine (caffeinated vs. decaf) mattered little, implying that other compounds in coffee — e.g. antioxidants — might play a role. Coffee contains over 1,000 chemicals, many of which could influence health.    Of course, the study has limitations. Coffee intake was self-reported only once, and preparation methods were not analyzed. Differences in brewing might affect the health properties of coffee. Additionally, while coffee was linked to lower overall death risk, men who drank large amounts showed a slight increase in cancer deaths, though this was not strongly conclusive. Experts emphasize that lifestyle factors matter. Coffee drinkers may have shared other healthy habits. “This doesn’t mean everyone should start drinking coffee,” said Freedman. “But it offers reassurance that moderate consumption is likely safe.” Published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2012, this research adds to evidence that coffee, when enjoyed in moderation, could be a component of healthy lifestyle. Future studies will explore how specific compounds in coffee interact with the body. 1．What on earth plays a crucial role in coffee drinkers’ living longer? A．The type of caffeine (regular or decaf). B．The brewing methods used in the study. C．Coffee drinkers’ healthier life habits. D．Antioxidants and other compounds in coffee. 2．What can we learn from the study on coffee drinking? A．The study confirms coffee directly extends lifespan. B．More studies are still needed to confirm the finding. C．Drinking coffee reduces the risk of cancer-related deaths. D．The study conducted nationwide covered all age groups. 3．How does the author develop the text? A．By comparing different study results. B．By presenting findings and drawbacks. C．By arguing against previous theories. D．By introducing effective medical cures. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Coffee Linked to Lower Death Risk B．Coffee Can Cure Deadly Diseases C．Decaf Coffee Has Been Proved Healthier D．Coffee Can Extend Lifespan Directly 2.（2027·广西南宁市学情诊断检测）Want to learn a new language or get A’s in college exams? Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that turn new information into long-term memory. A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning. Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning. Participants — 72 healthy male and female adults — were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning. After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two-thirds of them also exercised. Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test. The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested. Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity. The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately. Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying. But why? That’s one question the researchers have yet to answer. Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning. I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning. 1．What did the new study aim to explore? A．Whether exercise can improve learning in general. B．How the timing of exercise affects learning outcomes. C．Which type of exercise produces the most biochemicals. D．Whether mental function is related to physical fitness. 2．What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment? A．Watch films about nature. B．Do circuit training on exercise bikes. C．Take a recall test at the beginning. D．Test the performance of a computer. 3．Why did the participants return to the lab two days later? A．To do a medical examination. B．To have their memory tested. C．To get their workouts recorded. D．To finish their previous tasks. 4．What might the author’s marathon running prove? A．The findings of the study are reliable. B．Long-distance runners are often smart. C．Studies on the marathon are not enough. D．Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain. 3.（2027·江苏省启东中学阶段测试）A team of psychologists from the University of Chicago conducted an experiment to compare the effects of natural sounds and common white noise on people’s sustained attention. In the study, 212 adult participants were randomly divided into two groups. The nature sound group completed a 40‑minute attention task with recordings of forest birdsong and gentle rainfall playing in the background. The control group performed the same task with standard white noise — a steady, uniform sound widely used in workplaces to reduce surrounding distractions. The task required participants to monitor a stream of numbers on a screen and press a button whenever a specific rare pattern appeared. Both accuracy and reaction speed were recorded as key measures of attention performance. Overall, the nature sound group scored 12% higher on average in attention accuracy than the control group, with no significant difference in reaction speed between the two groups. When researchers divided participants by their self‑reported daily distractibility, the performance gap grew much wider. Among people who often struggled to stay focused in daily life, those in the nature sound group performed over 21% better than similar participants in the control group. For those with naturally strong concentration, the improvement was small and not statistically meaningful. The researchers also tracked participants’ mood states before and after the task. Both groups reported similar levels of relaxation and positive feelings after finishing the test. This result indicated that the attention improvement was not driven by a better mood, but by the natural sounds themselves, which help the brain enter a gentle state of focus without requiring extra mental effort. “Many people turn on white noise when they need to concentrate, assuming it is the most reliable choice,” said Dr. Lena Marlow, lead researcher of the study. “But our findings suggest natural sounds are a more effective option, especially for those who struggle with distraction. Small adjustments to our daily sound environment can bring noticeable improvements to work and study efficiency.” 1．What is a feature of the nature sound group in the experiment? A．They finished a shorter version of the task. B．They worked with natural sound recordings. C．They were tested only on reaction speed. D．They were chosen from office workers. 2．Which group showed the most obvious performance improvement? A．The nature sound group with strong natural focus. B．The control group with strong natural focus. C．The nature sound group with high daily distractibility. D．The control group with high daily distractibility. 3．Why did the researchers measure participants’ mood states? A．To judge how relaxing different sounds are. B．To rule out mood as the cause of the results. C．To test the influence of the task on feelings. D．To measure the mental effort of the task. 4．What can we learn from the study’s findings? A．White noise does harm to people’s concentration. B．Natural sounds can effectively help improve focus. C．Sound has little effect on most people’s attention. D．People with strong focus need no sound assistance. 4.（2027·福建泉州市高三适应性考试）Living and flying around cities, pigeons have adapted to an ever-shifting environment. But their environment isn’t the only thing that’s constantly changing. New research suggests the birds themselves avoid stability in their decision-making, instead choosing to live “at the edge of chaos.” As model species for learning and behavior, these birds are helping researchers test a century-old law about how humans and other creatures learn. When learning something new, people and animals alike tend to repeat behaviors that are rewarded. First proposed in 1898, this principle is so well established in psychology that it has become known as “the law of effect”. But a new study is challenging this idea. University of Iowa experimental psychologist Edward A．Wasserman and his colleagues conducted a test on pigeons. And the study’s results, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, suggest these birds prefer variability. To see how rewarded behaviors vary, the researchers gave pigeons a series of five colorful buttons to peck (啄). They could peck any buttons in any order, but as long as they pecked five times, a treat (bird food) would appear. Based on previous theories of learning, the scientists expected the pigeons might eventually slip into a routine—perhaps choosing to repeat patterns they know work or simply pecking the button nearest to them five times. Instead they continued pecking in a variety of patterns. “There would be no reason not to expect that the animals would converge (汇聚) on a single favorite, but it never got to that point,” Wasserman says. “You could argue the birds are just completely resistant to locking into anything stable.” The team theorizes that pigeons’ devotion to variability might be an evolutionary advantage that aids handling new challenges in their environment — and they expect birds aren’t the only ones resisting uniformity. The researchers are currently conducting tests to see whether rewarded behaviors remain variable in different animals, which others in the field say might explain how the brain makes behavioral decisions while learning. 1．In paragraph 2, “the law of effect” is described as ______. A．outdated B．groundless C．controversial D．self-contradictory 2．According to paragraph 3, the researchers originally expected the pigeons to ______. A．cooperate with fellows B．obtain a stable pattern C．find the odd button out D．seize the treat quickly 3．How does Wasserman sound in paragraph 4? A．Indifferent. B．Skeptical. C．Relieved. D．Shocked. 4．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that variability ______. A．may be a shared feature across species B．may not be applicable to human beings C．is best displayed in birds’ behaviors D．completely denies “the law of effect” 5.（2027·河北衡水市第二中学开学）We’ve long known that aerobic (有氧的) exercise helps people live longer, and now strength training is being recognized for the same life-extending effect. A Harvard-led study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine suggests that people who do up to two hours of strength training each week over many years may lower their risk of early death from several major diseases, such as heart disease and nerve-related illnesses. Researchers analyzed data from three large studies involving 147,374 middle-aged or older adults, about 79 percent of whom were women. The participants were tracked for as long as 30 years. They reported how often and how intensely they exercised, including resistance training like weight lifting and body-weight movements, as well as aerobic activities including fast walking, cycling and running. Records of deaths from all causes were also collected during the study period. Experts noted that the large sample size and long follow-up time made the research results highly reliable. The findings showed that those who took part in 90 to 119 minutes of resistance training per week were 13 percent less likely to die of any cause than those who did no strength training at all. They also faced a 19 percent lower risk of death from heart-related disease and a 27 percent lower risk of dying from neurological diseases such as dementia. Even a moderate amount of such training was found to bring noticeable health gains, regardless of age or gender. Aerobic exercise by itself remained a strong factor in lengthening lifespan (寿命). However, the most significant health benefits appeared when resistance training was combined with aerobic exercise. People who took both types of exercise regularly were up to 45 percent less likely to die during the study than those who did little aerobic activity and no resistance training. The study provides strong evidence that adding strength training to daily routines can greatly contribute to healthier and longer lives. 1．What may help reduce the risk of early death? A．Occasional light exercise in a week. B．Focusing on certain outdoor activities. C．Reducing daily exercise to a low level. D．Proper strength training on a regular basis. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Possible ways to improve exercise effects. B．Health gains from proper resistance training. C．Factors connected with different death risks. D．Common ways of recording exercise information. 3．How may people gain better exercise benefits according to the text? A．By combining different exercise forms. B．By increasing exercise time gradually. C．By focusing on one kind of exercise. D．By choosing less energetic activities. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward strength training? A．Doubtful. B．Unconcerned. C．Supportive. D．Cautious. 6.（2027·浙江A9协作体学情诊断）Dreams seem to occur at random, from everyday situations to unpredictable experiences. Now, a new study shows that our personal features as well as real-life events actually shape what we dream about, creating patterns in our subconsciousness (潜意识). The study, published in Communications Psychology, analyzed thousands of dream and waking experience reports collected over four years. The researchers used natural language processing tools to quantify the structure of dreams. They found that personal features like how often someone daydreams, their attitudes about dreams, and their sleep quality all influence dream content. Researchers noticed that dreams don’t simply replay scenes from our daily lives. Instead, dreams seem to mix familiar places like workplaces, hospitals, and schools into new scenes that blend memories with imagination. The reported dreams tended to focus more on visual details, feature more characters, and make less logical sense. They were also less self-focused and less driven by conscious thinking. These dream transformations weren’t the same for everyone. Participants who spent more time daydreaming during the day tended to have dreams that jumped rapidly from one scene to another. Those who placed more importance on dreams described them as more vivid and immersive. Sleep quality also played a role. The team used three large language models, LLaMA 3, ChatGPT-4, and ChatGPT-4 Turbo, to rate dream reports on 16 different features, such as mood, strangeness and freedom of movement. “By combining large-scale data with computational methods, we were able to uncover patterns in dream contents that were previously difficult to find,” Elce said. “This opens new possibilities for studying consciousness, memory, and mental health in a better way.” 1．How did the researchers conduct the study? A．Data analysis. B．Sleep observation. C．Personal surveys. D．Life event tracking. 2．Which of the following best describes the nature of the dream? A．Creative. B．Conscious. C．Realistic. D．Repetitive. 3．What is the main advantage of the language models? A．Increasing the number of dream features. B．Enhancing the accuracy of human brains. C．Simplifying more personal dream reports. D．Identifying the structures of various dreams. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．To Control Dreams, Control Your Day. B．Better Sleep Creates Better Dreaming. C．AI Now Fully Understands Our dreams. D．Dreams Are the Mind’s Hidden Patterns. 4 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $