专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，湖北专用）高二英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. C　4. D Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. A　4. B 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. A Passage 2 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B　4. A Passage 3 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. B 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. A Passage 2 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. D　4. C 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. B Passage 2 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. C　4. C 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. B Passage 2 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B　4. C 主题语境05 人与自然-环境 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B　4. D 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. D　4. A Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. B 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. A 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. D　4. C 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. B 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. D / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·湖北襄阳第四中学·期中）Auntie Ngeam is one of a third generation of indigo craftswomen (靛蓝工匠) in a family from the Phuan, a people known for their handmade textiles (纺织品). A large Phuan community settled in Phrae in northern Thailand in the late 19th century and brought their indigo craftsmanship with them. Auntie Ngeam took over a small business from her parents more than 30 years ago and has played a key role in updating Thailand’s indigo clothing over the past decade. “Every shop on the street had plain blue shirts, so I started thinking about how I could stand out,” she says. “I tried using indigo to tie-dye (扎染) modern clothes.” Now in Thai markets across the country, the indigo tie-dyed clothes have become a phenomenon. Auntie Ngeam also works together with the local government to promote the local indigo industry via tie-dye workshops among tourists. For the past six years, the town has hosted the Phrae Craft festival, showing small, independent indigo craftsmen’s work. The festival is run by Nanthanit Boyd, a former student of Auntie Ngeam’s. Today, Boyd is pushing the boundaries of indigo textile fashion, bringing designs to the world stage. With the increasing acceptance of indigo craftsmanship among young people, intergenerational indigo businesses have become ubiquitous in Phrae. Banmatjai Indigo Workshop is one of such growing businesses, which was opened by the women of the Suchanok family 10 years ago, when the eldest daughter Chidchanok Suchanok returned home after graduation. “I wondered why my generation wasn’t appreciating indigo,” Chidchanok says. “It’s our heritage and a local resource.” Phrae has been reborn as a craft center, bringing more jobs to the locals and attracting both domestic and international travelers. “The creativity is already here; all we need to do is make it shine brighter so people can see it,” says Boyd. 1.What can we learn about Auntie Ngeam? A. She enjoys touring all over the country. B. She is the founder of her family business. C. She pioneers the indigo tie-dyed clothes. D. She is in charge of the Phrae Craft festival. 2.What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Private. B. Widespread. C. Challenging. D. Conservative. 3.What can be inferred about the indigo industry from Boyd’s words? A. It unites the local communities. B. It guarantees the locals a richer life. C. It deserves to be further promoted. D. It appeals to the younger generation. 4.Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. Rapid Development of Phrae’s Tourism B. Exploration of the History of Indigo Industry C. Revolutionary Progress: the Tomorrow of Phrae D. From Tradition to Trend: Phrae’s Indigo Industry Passage 2 （25-26高二上·湖北襄阳第四中学·期中）In these days of electronic everything, you’d think that most businesses wouldn’t be using paper cheques (支票) any more. In fact, for most businesses, paper cheques are still a thing. As many as one in three business deals are paid this way and 81% of firms in the US are still using paper cheques to settle some of their bills. Stop the eye-rolling because yeah, we know electronic payments are quicker to make, authorize and complete, and they’re easier to track and report. They save paper and are good for the environment. They’re more secure, efficient and cost less. They can be made and approved from anywhere. A growing number of businesses not only prefer electronic payments, but are requiring customers to do this. Even Microsoft recently announced that it would no longer accept paper cheques from its partners. But still ... I’m going to miss the paper cheque. I’ve always enjoyed the circumstance of the biweekly cheque run and the grandest part is the final approval evidenced by the ultimate proof of authority: the signature. Some of my clients take delight in the opportunity to examine and sign every cheque because there’s no better example of power than this. Paper cheques are not only a written form of contracts favored by firms throughout history but also a form of marketing where companies can proudly display their logos. They are clear evidence of stability and reliability. Unfortunately, the writing is on the wall for the paper cheque. And that makes me sad. According to the Small Business Administration, the majority of small business owners are over the age of 50. We grew up with Swanson TV Dinners, hockey without helmets (头盔) and appointed smoking sections in airplanes. We’ll retire and younger generations will bury us along with our chequebooks. We know this will unavoidably change. For now, many businesses in the US are still relying on paper cheques to pay. Yes, they’re inefficient and costlier. But please be patient. Allow me to have this one little enjoyment while it lasts. 1.What phenomenon does the author describe in paragraph 1? A. Doing business is increasingly difficult. B. Everything is going electronic in the US. C. Paper cheques are still in use in business. D. Most American firms fail to pay the bills. 2.What does Microsoft’s decision indicate? A. The growing trend of shifting to electronic payments. B. The change in forms of cooperation in big companies. C. The potential comeback of paper cheques in the market. D. The popularity of electronic payments among customers. 3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A. Defend his preference. B. Introduce a new concept. C. Call for readers’ support. D. Promote an old tradition. 4.Why does the author mention Swanson TV Dinners and hockey without helmets? A. To emphasize the outdated nature of past trends. B. To show his attachment to old-school practices. C. To stress his resistance to technological changes. D. To suggest the reliability of traditional methods. 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·湖北武汉中学·期中）Shared Mobility: Making Travel Easier for All Shared mobility services, such as carshares and bikeshares, have positive effects on the environment. However, access to these services is not equal for everyone. Research shows that shared mobility services are more commonly available in wealthier urban areas. Most users tend to be younger, wealthier, and physically able. To build a sustainable transportation system, it is essential to make these services inclusive for all people. Some cities have introduced programs to support low-income residents. These programs help increase the use of shared vehicles and reduce dependence on personal cars. Recently, about 70% of micromobility programs in the US have taken measures to better serve disadvantaged groups, such as accepting cash payments and offering non-smartphone booking options. Still, many barriers remain. Surveys indicate that people in rural areas and those with lower incomes encounter more obstacles when trying to use bikeshares. Cost, lack of familiarity, and limited availability are common problems, as illustrated in the Figure. Non-profit organizations are also playing an important role. For example, SharedMobility Inc., a Buffalo-based NGO, provides free e-bikes to underserved communities and organizes training sessions to promote cycling culture and safety. Mobitwin in Belgium supports elderly people and those with limited mobility by providing affordable rides booked via telephone. Similarly, Tim Carsharing in Austria offers vehicles suitable for wheelchairs and provides child seats upon request. In conclusion, understanding different needs and making services more adaptable are key steps toward fair and sustainable urban transportation. 1.What is the purpose of making shared mobility services inclusive for all? A. To promote cash payments. B. To lower transportation costs. C. To make transportation sustainable. D. To reduce reliance on private cars. 2.Which is the major obstacle preventing low-income urban people from using bikeshares? A. Safety concerns. B. High cost. C. Lack of familiarity. D. Limited availability. 3.Which measure is taken by Tim Carsharing in Austria? A. Providing free e-bikes. B. Booking rides by smartphone. C. Organizing training sessions. D. Offering wheelchair-friendly vehicles. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·湖北武汉部分重点中学·期中）The AI Age Jeb. Blount, Anthony Iannarino This groundbreaking, hands-on guide marries their brilliant sales strategies, used by millions of salespeople, with the transformative power of AI. Drawing from cutting-edge research and real-world applications, the authors demonstrate AI’s potential to help you build deeper relationships and winning solutions that give you a leg-up over the competition. Brave New Words Salman Khan In Brave New Words, Salman Khan examines the ins and outs of these cutting-edge tools and how they will revolutionize the way we learn and teach. Khan emphasizes that embracing AI in education is not about replacing human interaction but enhancing it with customized and accessible learning tools that encourage creative problem-solving skills and prepare students for an increasingly digital world. The Worlds I See Fei-Fei Li The Worlds I See is a story of science in the first person, documenting one of the century’s defining moments from the inside. It provides an interesting story of a scientist at work and a thrillingly clear explanation of what artificial intelligence actually is — and how it came to be. This book is a testament (证明) not only to the passion required for even the most technical scholarship but also to the curiosity forever at its heart. 2084 and AI Revolution John C. Lennox Will technology change what it means to be human? We all wonder where we’re headed. Since the questions posed by AI affected most of us, they demand answers. 2084 and AI Revolution has been written to challenge and arouse the curiosity of all readers. Whatever your world view, Lennox provides clear information and credible answers that will bring you real hope for the future of humanity. 1.What does The AI Age focus on? A. Making predictions. B. Exploring answers. C. Offering approaches. D. Discovering problems. 2.What does Salman Khan emphasize in his book? A. The possibility of AI replacing human. B. The necessity of reducing interaction. C. The combination of AI and education. D. The application of AI in marketing. 3.What distinguishes The Worlds I See from other books? A. Relating personal stories. B. Offering winning solutions. C. Providing learning tools. D. Arousing readers’ curiosity. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·湖北武汉部分重点中学·期中）Superhighways of vessels (血管) beneath our skin transport blood and nutrients. These natural pathways expand like tree branches to help our body move food and oxygen to our organs. While our bodies naturally produce vessels, bioengineers are now crafting them in labs, using an unexpected material: ice. The idea was inspired by the ice magic in the Disney movie Frozen, says Burak Ozdoganlar, a mechanical engineer at Carnegie Mellon University, “Frozen’s ice queen commands ice and snow — maybe we can too.” To make the vessels, the engineer first needed a template (模板) to build the tissue. “Originally, we were trying to do this with wax (蜡),” Ozdoganlar says. “But wax proved too soft. And it’s not necessarily biocompatible, or suitable for use in the body.” Then they thought of Elsa’s magic. Ice seemed like a good alternative for many reasons. It costs little and is readily available. And most importantly, since it’s nonpoisonous, the body won’t reject it. Printing the ice template is simple. Engineers program the desired shape into a 3-D printer, which then drops water onto a -35℃ surface to freeze it instantly. This process is repeated until the vessel’s shape is complete. Overall, it takes less than 30 seconds. Then the template is wrapped in gelatin, which becomes solid under ultraviolet light as the ice melts, leaving behind realistic-looking blood channels. The team has tested the channels with lining cells of blood vessels. Those cells survived for two weeks, a promising sign for future transplantation into humans. The new vessels might be tested with a drug being developed for use in people. Such tests could show how your body might react to the drug. “This is really a game-changer,” says Ozdoganlar. “The new research is quite interesting and exciting,” says Warren Grayson, a biomedical engineer at Johns Hopkins University. “But it also has limitations. You can see that all these structures are pretty small. Their size is limited by the need for extreme cold. Larger structures would not stay cold enough due to heat transfer. This method may not transform the tissue engineering field, but it does provide another perspective for creating structures.” 1.What key advantage does ice offer over wax for the engineers’ project? A. It’s cost-effective. B. It’s harmless to our body. C. It’s easy to obtain. D. It’s environmentally friendly. 2.What happens to the ice template during the process of vessel making? A. It solidifies the encasing gelatin. B. It is reshaped after its completion. C. It becomes a part of the final vessel. D. It melts away with the channels remaining. 3.What does Warren Grayson think of the ice-vessel approach? A. It marks a dramatic change. B. It provides a new outlook. C. It serves as a practical solution. D. It represents a notable innovation. 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. From Frozen to Functional: Crafting Vessels from Ice B. Vessel Building: Challenges and Advances in Materials C. 3-D Printing: A Game Changer for Biological Engineering D. Bringing Frozen to Life: Impacting Blood Flow with Ice Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北部分省级示范高中·期中）Mount Tai in Shandong province has launched a trial operation of mountain climbing assist robots for the first time, attracting significant attention from visitors. These exoskeleton (外骨骼) robots are designed to assist climbers and are versatile (多用途的) enough to be used in various fields such as mountaineering and fitness. “It really works! Once I put it on, it felt like someone was pulling me up the Mount Tai — full of high-tech vibes (氛围)!” exclaimed a tourist, who is trying out the new mountain climbing exoskeleton robot. Resembling the “mechanical armor (机械战甲)” seen in sci-fi movies, this robot has become a new companion for hikers, thanks to its cutting-edge technological design. Staff explained that the exoskeleton robot is not limited to Mount Tai climbing. It has a wide range of applications, covering activities such as hiking, fitness, running, daily walking, and going up and down stairs, this versatile device can be applied across various aspects of life and work. Unlike traditional mountaineering equipment, the design of this robot emphasizes more on the integration of ergonomics and smart technology. Weighing only 1.8 kg, it incorporates advanced power, electronics, and AI algorithms that can instantly detect lower limb movements and provide tailored assistance. This precise support system effectively reduces strain on the legs, offering great convenience, particularly for elderly or physically weaker tourists. Additionally, the robot is equipped with an efficient battery system that allows for over 5 hours of continuous walking, with a single charge supporting a distance of around 14 kilometers. For those who want to fully enjoy the natural beauty of Mount Tai without opting for the cable car, this robot is undoubtedly an ideal choice. 1.According to Paragraphs 1 and 2, what is the key feature of the exoskeleton robot reflected in the tourist’s feedback? A. It has a sci-fi appearance that attracts tourists’ attention. B. It is practical for assisting climbing and feels high-tech. C. It is lightweight and easy to wear for most visitors. D. It is cheaper than taking the cable car up Mount Tai. 2.According to the staff, what makes the exoskeleton robot fundamentally different from traditional mountaineering equipment? A. Its light weight that reduces burden for climbers. B. Its wide use in both daily life and work activities. C. Its design concept centered on integrating ergonomics and smart technology. D. Its long battery life that supports over 5 hours of continuous walking. 3.What is the author’s intention in mentioning the robot’s battery performance? A. To show the robot can satisfy the practical needs of Mount Tai hikers. B. To prove the robot is more energy-saving than Mount Tai’s cable cars. C. To emphasize how advanced the robot’s battery technology is. D. To explain why the robot is better for daily walking than mountaineering. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards Mount Tai’s climbing assist robot trial? A. Indifferent. B. Favorable. C. Neutral. D. Skeptical. 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·湖北部分省级示范高中·期中）Vacations are being redefined to improve your wellness experiences. The new buzzword is “sleep tourism” and the focus is on ensuring that you rest well at night and actually return from your vacation feeling refreshed. When away, vacationers traditionally like to make use of every second of the day. They rush from site to site, eat meals at all hours of the day, and treat themselves at night. And when finally returning to their hotel rooms at night, they find it hard to sleep. Besides, downtown hotels may be centrally located, with noisy traffic and flashing city lights pervading (弥漫). Also, many people simply do not sleep well when away from their own beds. All these factors lead to pain, allergies and hormonal issues, making sleep challenging. “Sleep tourism” addresses these issues and more. Special sleep suites have been thoughtfully designed to offer quiet and darkness. Hotels are investing in artificial intelligence mattresses (床垫) that adjust temperature and have cushions to relieve pressure points. The mattresses can also track sleep statistics and offer vacationers feedback on their sleep patterns. Sleep suites are a huge advance in tourism and are now found in wellness hotels around the world. Each offers different ways of inducing sleep, according to Condé Nast Traveler. Many provide a menu of relaxing teas and a tailored bed. No matter which sleep suite you choose, the goal is to sleep well so you can improve your health and well-being. Sinking into a comfortable bed should be the best part of a trip! The hope is that more hotels adapt to this wellness trend and return to the original purpose of a hotel room, which is sleep! Now you can tour around by day and have sweet dreams by night. 1.According to the text, what is the new trend in vacationing? A. Partying all night. B. Eating at special hours. C. Sleeping well on holiday. D. Rushing from site to site. 2.How do sleep suites improve the sleep experience for guests? A. By serving a wide variety of food. B. By introducing mattresses with AI technology. C. By offering in-room entertainment systems. D. By ensuring complete darkness in the rooms. 3.The underlined word “inducing” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A. promoting. B. preventing. C. causing. D. affecting. 4.What can we infer about the future of hotels from the passage? A. All hotels will have artificial intelligence mattresses. B. Traditional hotels will disappear because of “sleep tourism”. C. More hotels will focus on providing better sleep experiences. D. Downtown hotels will move to quieter areas to avoid traffic noise. 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·湖北八校联考·期中）This summer, I was invited to take part in post-dubbing (后期配音), which involves adding extra voice work to enhance the sound quality of certain scenes, for the Chinese WWII epic, Dongji Rescue (《东极岛》). It tells the story of 384 British prisoners rescued by brave Chinese fishermen after the Japanese army had locked hundreds more soldiers in the sinking warship, Lisbon Maru. As a British national, my job was to project my best 1940s British soldier’s voice, shouting, screaming, grunting and giving commands as various survivors during the daring rescue. Joining a team of fellow Western actors, we watched the film’s dramatic scenes on a large screen as several microphones recorded our words and actions in a recording studio. Reading lines alone was scary, as I was keen to maintain clarity while also expressing the intense emotions of the scene as realistically as possible. The most enjoyable part was working as a group, with each person performing different lines, often overlapping (重叠) to create the chaos and confusion of the intense survival scenes featuring hundreds of soldiers. This was where we could really play with different tones and emotions to create a number of believable and dramatic voices, trying to live up to the excellent onscreen work of the cast and crew. Even though our contribution to the picture was small, there was a noticeable level of team spirit and seriousness. We appreciated the gravity of the historical event and the respect it had clearly been given in the film. The work required accurate timing to match the actors’ lip movements and fit with the actors’ gestures, and even though I only did one day in the studio, it was tiring work, leaving my voice rough and hurting. Since the event, I’ve kept in touch with a number of the actors. This experience shows that it’s always worth stepping outside your comfort zone to explore new creative opportunities. And it was pretty fun to see my name in the credits, too! 1.What was the author’s main responsibility in the post-dubbing? A. Reading lines alone with strong emotions. B. Improving overall sound quality of the film. C. Voicing various British soldier characters. D. Directing other Western actors’ performances. 2.What made the group work the most pleasurable for the author? A. Watching scenes together. B. Avoiding overlapping lines. C. Presenting soldiers’ survival chaos. D. Adjusting tones to create vivid voices. 3.What did the author think of the job? A. Worthwhile and effortless. B. Rewarding and demanding. C. Innovative and challenging. D. Easy and enjoyable. 4.What does the author’s story mainly show? A. He who dares wins. B. Practice makes perfect. C. Many hands make light work. D. Every cloud has a silver lining. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·湖北荆州沙市中学·期中）The National Gallery Description: The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London. It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance. Layout: The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th-to15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling. The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronese. The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer. The East Wing houses 18th-to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh. Opening Hours: The Gallery is open every day from 10 am to 6 pm (Fridays 10 am to 9 pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions. Getting There: Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk), Leicester Square (3-minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8-minute walk). 1.In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings? A. The 20th B. The 17th C. The 18th D. The 13th 2.Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown? A. In the East Wing. B. In the main West Wing. C. In the Sainsbury Wing. D. In the North Wing. 3.Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery? A. Charing Cross. B. Leicester Square. C. Embankment. D. Piccadilly Circus. 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高二上·湖北宜城一中、枣阳一中等鄂北六校·期中）Following the crowd may not always be in a person’s best interest. But new research suggests that teens who go along with their friends may end up healthier as adults. Scientists have known that close friendships are good for health. That’s true for both teens and adults. The finding inspired Joseph Allen, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health. So they followed 171 teens, starting when the kids were just 13. They interviewed each one every year for five years, and also spoke to these teens’ closest friends, who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships. The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25, 26 and 27. This time, the questions surveyed each person’s overall health. When the researchers analyzed the data, they found a strong connection between a teen’s behavior and adult health. Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults. Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to a close friend also influenced later health. Those who held back were more likely to be sick as adults. The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health. Weight, family income and drug use were all examined. So were mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression. And in these people, such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did. Going along with the crowd may have benefits, says Allen, but there are also drawbacks. Teens who are more independent tend to be better at school and work. And peer pressure may lead to some kids’ risky behavior, such as smoking, drinking or using drugs. Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge, Allen acknowledges. “Finding the right balance is the key. Teens shouldn’t lose heart for not finding this easy.” And, he adds, “Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.” 1.What is the function of the paragraph one? A. To introduce a topic. B. To make a definition. C. To reach a conclusion. D. To attract readers’ interest. 2.What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the research? A. Its theoretical basis. B. Its major difficulties. C. Its process and results. D. Its scientific evidence. 3.What does the underlined word “drawbacks” mean in Paragraph4? A. Challenges. B. Mistakes. C. Influences. D. Disadvantages. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Teens should follow the crowd strictly. B. Peer pressure mainly affects adult health. C. Teen friendships may make healthier adults. D. Adults should pay attention to teen health. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·湖北鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟·期中）As modern-day stress reaches what feels like unbearable levels, researchers are trying to learn more about the precise mechanisms through which it affects our body and mind. The hope is that by unlocking more about how stress works physiologically, we can find ways to prevent it from permanently harming people. The future of understanding and fighting stress may lie in our DNA. In 2023, Ursula Beattie, then a doctoral student at Tufts University, and her colleagues found possible evidence that stress can overwhelm DNA’s repair mechanisms. In their study, researchers repeatedly tapped on sparrow (麻雀) cages with pens, played the radio loudly, and carried out other actions designed to cause distress but no physical harm. Blood and tissue samples from the sparrows after three weeks of this unpleasant treatment revealed damage to the DNA. “It’s like if you had two pieces of string coiled up (卷曲), just like DNA, and you took a pair of scissors and cut them,” Beattie says. While these kinds of double-strand (双股) breaks in DNA occur all the time in sparrows and other species, including humans, the damage is typically reversed through self-repair mechanisms. In a chronic-stress (长期压力) setting, “those repair mechanisms get overwhelmed, which is how we see a buildup of DNA damage,” Beattie explains. The damage in the birds appears to be the most severe in cells of the liver, she adds, suggesting that for humans, too, the extent and type of damage caused by stress might be different for different tissues of the body. We’re still learning how deep stress goes into our bodies. But we’re getting closer to solving the puzzle that is stress, which promises a future where we can better meet the ongoing demand for change. 1.What is the main purpose of researchers studying the mechanisms of stress? A. To explain why modern people suffer from high stress. B. To compare the stress levels of humans and sparrows. C. To prove that DNA is closely related to human health. D. To figure out methods to keep stress from doing lasting harm. 2.What did Ursula Beattie and her team discover in their 2023 study? A. Sparrows are more sensitive to stress than other animals. B. Chronic stress can destroy the DNA repair system. C. Loud radio sounds can cause physical harm to sparrows. D. DNA damage in sparrows only appears in liver cells. 3.Why does Beattie mention the “two pieces of string” in Paragraph Four? A. To show how DNA is structured in living organisms. B. To prove that DNA self-repair mechanisms are effective. C. To explain what DNA double-strand breaks look like. D. To compare the DNA of sparrows and humans. 4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. The Harm of Chronic Stress to Human Tissues B. Studying Stress: From DNA Mechanisms to Future Hope C. Ursula Beattie’s Groundbreaking Study on Sparrows D. How to Prevent DNA Damage Caused by Stress Passage 2 （25-26高二上·湖北荆州沙市中学·期中）People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, based on performances and self-evaluation by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted and can’t focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things,” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the University of Utah. Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensation-seeking (寻求刺激) or imperative (冲动) they were. They then evaluated the participants’ multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters. Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensation-seeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted. “People multitask not because it’s going to lead to greater productivity, but because they’re distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important.” Sanbonmatsu said. Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldn’t find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether people’s recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking. The findings do suggest, however, why the sensation-seeker who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.” said Paul Atchley, another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though they’re dangerous.” 1.The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask __________. A. seek high productivity constantly B. prefer handling different things when getting bored C. are more focused when doing many things at a time D. have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time 2.When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research, they __________. A. assessed the multitasking ability of the students B. evaluated the academic achievements of the students C. analyzed the effects of the participants’ tricky mental tasks D. measured the changes of the students’ understanding ability 3.According to Sanbonmatsu, people multitask because of their __________. A. limited power in calculation B. interests in doing things differently C. inability to concentrate on one task D. impulsive desire to try new things 4.From the last paragraph, we can learn that multitaskers usually __________. A. drive very skillfully B. go in for different tasks C. fail to react quickly to potential dangers D. refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·湖北鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟·期中）Imagine getting an MRI (核磁共振成像) of your knees and being told you have “mild intrasubstance degeneration of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus (内侧半月板).” Most of us who didn’t go to medical school are not going to be able to decipher that term as anything meaningful or understand what is actionable from that diagnosis. That’s why Stanford radiologists developed a large language model(LLM) to help address patients’ medical concerns and questions. Using this model, a patient getting a knee MRI could get a more useful and simple explanation: Your knee’s meniscus is a tissue in your knee that serves as a cushion, and, like a pillow, the meniscus has gone a little flat but still can function. This LLM, called “RadGPT” can extract concepts from a radiologist’s report to then provide an explanation of that concept and suggest possible follow-up questions. Traditionally, medical expertise is needed to understand the technical reports radiologists write about patient scans, said Curtis Langlotz, Stanford professor of radiology, of medicine, and of biomedical data science. “We hope that our technology won’t just help to explain the results, but will also help to improve the communication between doctor and patient.” Tools like RadGPT could get patients more engaged in their care, Langlotz believes, because they can better understand what their test results actually mean. “Doctors don’t always have the time to go through and explain reports, line by line,” Langlotz said. “I think patients who really do understand what’s in their medical record are going to get better care and will ask better questions.” To develop RadGPT, the Stanford team took 30 sample radiology reports and extracted five concepts from each report. They developed explanations for them and three question-and-answer pairs that patients might commonly ask. Five radiologists who reviewed these explanations determined that the system is unlikely to produce hallucinations or other harmful explanations. AI is still a long way from being able to accurately interpret raw scans. Instead, the current RadGPT model depends on a human radiologist dictating a report, and only then will the system extract concepts from what they have written. “As with any other healthcare technology, safety is absolutely primary,” said Sanna Herwald, the study’s lead author and a Stanford resident in graduate medical education. “The reason this study is so exciting is because the RadGPT-generated materials were generally considered safe without further change. This means that RadGPT is a promising tool that may, after further testing and validation (确认有效), directly educate patients about their urgent or incidental imaging findings in real time at the patient’s convenience.” 1.What does the underlined word “decipher” in the second paragraph probably mean? A. Interpret. B. Appeal. C. Encounter. D. Guarantee. 2.What can we infer from Curtis Langlotz’s words about doctor-patient communication? A. Doctors usually explain radiology reports in great detail to patients. B. Patients’ lack of understanding of reports may affect their medical care. C. The 21st Century Cures Act has solved the problem of poor communication. D. Doctors prefer patients not to ask questions about their radiology reports. 3.What is Sanna Herwald’ s attitude towards RadGPT? A. Doubtful. B. Negative. C. Favourable. D. Critical. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. A new AI tool has been developed to scan patients. B. RadGPT helps patients understand their radiology report. C. RadGPT will replace radiologists to offer medical advice. D. A new AI tool helps accelerate the production of radiology reports. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·湖北八校联考·期中）A new study from the University of California San Diego says learning Mandarin Chinese can help with music. In a paper in Developmental Science, researchers found that preschoolers who speak Mandarin first are better at musical pitch (音高) than those who speak English. The results are not just about finding who might be good at music early. The study shows that when the brain learns skills in one area, it can affect learning in another. Sarah Creel, the lead author from UC San Diego’s Department of Cognitive Science (认知科学系), said, “A big question is whether our mental abilities are separate. For example, do we have special brain systems only for language? Our research suggests the opposite — there’s a kind of interaction and we can use cognitive abilities in different areas.” The researchers did two experiments with young Mandarin learners and English learners. They tested 180 children on tasks about pitch patterns and timbre (音色). In the timbre task, Mandarin-speakers and English-speakers did similarly. But in the pitch task, Mandarin-speakers outperform English-speakers. Mandarin is a tone language. The authors think that paying attention to tones helps young Mandarin speakers notice pitch in music better. Gail Heyman, a co-author from UC San Diego’s Department of Psychology, said, “This shows that the language you speak affects how you understand music. It supports the idea of cross-domain (跨领域) learning.” The study’s co-authors wrote, “We show for the first time that learning a tone language is connected with better musical pitch processing in young children. This is important for neuroscience (神经科学) and behavior, and our research can help design brain training programs.” But Heyman and Creel advise: Don’t stop your child’s music lessons to focus only on language, or language lessons for music. To be good at music, you still need to study music. And learning another language is good in itself, whether it makes you a better musician or not. 1.What is the main finding of the new study? A. Listening to music early is always good. B. Mandarin is better than English in all ways. C. Preschoolers have totally different mental skills. D. Learning Mandarin helps people understand music. 2.What does the underlined word “outperform” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Do better than. B. Do worse than. C. Act differently from. D. React similarly to. 3.What can the study’s findings help do? A. Make more exact language tests. B. Create better cognitive training plans. C. Find out kids’ musical ability very early. D. Make music teaching more interesting. 4.What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To point out the study’s problems. B. To suggest topics for future research. C. To prevent overinterpreting the results. D. To tell people to value early education. 主题语境05 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·湖北八校联考·期中）Microscopic plastic pieces are everywhere, and a new study shows they exist in bottled water at levels 10 to 100 times higher than people thought before. Researchers from Columbia University and Rutgers University found about 240,000 plastic pieces that can be detected in a normal liter of bottled water. The study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The researchers used a special microscope method called stimulated Raman scattering and machine learning to detect seven common types of plastics, testing three unnamed bottled water brands. About 10% of these particles (微粒) are microplastics (5 millimeters to 1 micrometer), and 90% are nanoplastics (less than 1 micrometer). Microplastics have already been found in human lungs, blood and placentas. “Nanoplastics could be even more dangerous than microplastics because when inside the human body, the smaller it goes, the easier for it to be misidentified as the natural component of the cell,” says Wei Min, a Columbia chemistry professor and co-author on the study. The International Bottled Water Association (IBWA) said it had only a short time to look at the study. It argued that the new way of detecting plastics needs to be fully checked by scientists. Also, more research is needed to create standard ways to measure and count nanoplastics in our surroundings. It added there is no scientific agreement on the potential health impacts of nanoplastic and microplastic particles and media reports unnecessarily scare consumers. Phoebe Stapleton, another co-author of the study, says researchers already know that nanoplastics are in water. “But if you can’t quantify them or create images of them, it’s hard to believe they really exist. The importance of our team’s research is that it now reveals this clearly — it not only provides computer-generated images, but also lets us measure the nanoplastics. Even more importantly, it offers chemical analysis of those measurements.” she says, adding that the research helps people better understand how much plastic humans usually take into their bodies and what effects it has. 1.Why does the author mention the numbers in Paragraph 1? A. To show the diversity of plastic pieces. B. To question the significance of the study. C. To indicate the seriousness of plastic pollution. D. To explain potential sources of plastic pieces. 2.According to Paragraph 2, why are nanoplastics possibly more dangerous? A. They are more widely spread. B. They may enter cells more easily. C. They might be recognized as part of cells. D. They are mistaken for some types of cells. 3.What tone does the IBWA adopt when reacting to the findings of the study? A. Encouraging but reserved. B. Cautious and skeptical. C. Uncertain but curious. D. Critical and direct. 4.What is the best title for this passage? A. Is There Actually Plastic in Your Bottled Water? B. Microscopic Plastic Pieces: A Hidden Health Risk. C. Can Scientists Quantify Plastic Pieces in Our Body? D. Your Bottled Water Has More Plastic Than You Imagine. 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·湖北圆创联盟·期中）The idea of de-extinction, the big goal of bringing extinct species back to life, has fired global imagination. Pushed by advances in genetics, this field is no longer limited to science fiction. Companies like Colossal Biosciences have announced projects targeting famous animals such as the woolly mammoth (猛犸象) and the dodo. However, the scientific reality is more complex than the popular story. True de-extinction, defined as creating a perfect genetic copy of a lost species, is currently out of reach for most extinct animals. The primary problem is the degradation of DNA over time, which prevents researchers from recovering a complete genome (基因组). For species that disappeared long ago, the genetic blueprint is simply too broken. Consequently, scientists are largely focusing on an alternative approach: creating ecological proxies (代替物). This involves using gene-editing tools like CRISPR to change the genome of a closely related living species. The aim is not to revive an identical copy, but to engineer a new animal that can perform the ecological role of its extinct relative. For instance, the non-profit Revive & Restore is working on changing the band-tailed pigeon to be like the passenger pigeon, which once played a key part in shaping North American forests. This big goal is not without argument. Critics argue that the resulting creatures are not truly brought-back species but rather genetically changed organisms. They question whether these “copies” would behave like the originals or be accepted by modern ecosystems. Furthermore, some scientists suggest that existing species could sometimes do similar ecological jobs, making de-extinction an unnecessary difficulty. Despite the debates, research in this area continues. Supporters point out potential benefits beyond the impressive scene of seeing a woolly mammoth. The genetic tools developed could be critical for protecting endangered species, such as boosting genetic diversity. The knowledge gained might also help restore damaged ecosystems by reintroducing lost functions. Yet, a fundamental truth remains: the original passenger pigeon is gone forever. De-extinction, in its current form, offers not a revival, but a replacement, proving our growing power and responsibility over the natural world. 1.Why does the author say de-extinction is “no longer limited to science fiction”? A. To predict the exact timeline of its realization. B. To acknowledge the media’s role in promoting it. C. To highlight its transition to practical scientific pursuit. D. To showcase the commercial appeal of related businesses. 2.What is the big challenge in true de-extinction? A. Developing advanced technology. B. Securing sufficient financial support. C. Reconstructing complete genetic sequences. D. Overcoming opposition from environmental groups. 3.Why is the passenger pigeon talked about in Paragraph 3? A. To explain the reasons for its extinction. B. To suggest the relative ease of reviving bird species. C. To describe the lifestyle of its closest living relative. D. To provide a specific case of ecological proxy creation. 4.What is a main future use of the new genetic tools? A. Saving endangered species from extinction. B. Expanding the population of urban pigeons. C. Commercializing the value of genetic research. D. Replacing traditional habitat restoration approaches. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·湖北宜城一中、枣阳一中等鄂北六校·期中）As humans, we can find out what other people are thinking about and understand that their ideas might be different from ours. Scientists call this “theory of mind”, which is an important part of human success. An important question is whether animals can do the same. A recent experiment suggests that bonobo apes (倭黑猩猩) may share this ability. Bonobos are very intelligent apes, known for being friendly and often solving problems by working together. To study how bonobos think, researchers at Johns Hopkins University came up with a clever experiment with three male bonobos at a research center called the Ape Initiative. The goal was to see whether the apes could understand when a human didn’t know some things. In the experiment, scientist Luke Townrow sat across a table from a bonobo. Another scientist hid a small snack under one of three cups. The bonobo was always able to watch the snack being hidden and see Townrow. But half of the time, Townrow wasn’t able to see which cup the snack was hidden under. The researchers wanted to see if the bonobos acted differently when they knew that Townrow didn’t know which cup the snack was hidden under. The results showed that when Townrow didn’t see where the snack was hidden, the bonobos pointed to the cup with the hidden treat more quickly. The experiment suggests that the bonobos seemed to understand that Townrow didn’t know something that they did. However, there were only three bonobos in the study. Also, these bonobos grew up around humans and might not represent wild ones. Scientists should provide more evidence. Still, the results indicate that the bonobos have a “theory of mind”. They have the ability to think about what others are thinking and can change their behavior to communicate when someone is missing important information. 1.What do the underlined words “this ability” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. To copy others’ behavior. B. To create a language system. C. To understand others’ minds. D. To interact with other species. 2.Why are bonobos chosen for the research? A. They are the most intelligent apes. B. They are friendly and cooperative. C. They can communicate like humans. D. They can solve problems on their own. 3.Why did the bonobos point to the cup in the experiment? A. To respond as required. B. To show their high intelligence. C. To get the hidden treat. D. To help the participant find the snack. 4.What is a limitation of the experiment? A. The design was too complex. B. The sample size was too small. C. It involved three wild bonobos. D. It lasted for a very short time. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·湖北黄冈中学·期中）“Then would you invest short-term or long-term?” asks Jennifer Varga, a teacher at Memorial Middle School in New Jersey. Personal-finance courses targeted at pupils are being popularized across America, promoted by rules requiring such instruction. Since 2020, 17 states have adopted laws that make taking a financial course necessary for completing high school, bringing the total up to 25. That figure will probably grow. Pupils in these classes learn not only how to save their earnings in order to have something to invest in the first place, but simple economic problems. Courses cover comparison shopping and the basics of how to properly bank, budget, handle credit and pay for college. Young people badly need these courses. Few teenagers score highly on financial knowledge assessments. Are personal-finance courses the answer? For a long time, the studies said no. Many analyses, including one cited over 2,500 times, claimed that financial courses were of no avail. The analyses made intuitive (直觉的) sense, as many teenagers have yet to work or manage a household. But more recent findings have shown an opposite picture. Research has gotten better and the courses themselves have also improved. Studies that use the gold standard of investigation have found the courses are working well and useful in improving financial knowledge and behaviour. The newest survey conducted in 33 countries found people who take these courses learn the content and budget better. And pupils who take personal-finance courses borrow less money. If they do borrow for college, they choose low-cost options. Some worry about adding one more graduation requirement to the long list, but schools are willing to remove courses with less direct bearing on life skills. “When I was 20, it would have been nice to have this class,” Ms Varga says. She got into some financial trouble as a young adult. “I want them to be better than my generation.” 1.What fuels the spread of personal-finance courses? A. A major demand from schools. B. The unsteadiness of finance. C. A new requirement for graduation. D. The popularity of banking. 2.What can students learn in personal-financial courses? A. Long-term investment. B. Daily finance management. C. Strategies for earning money. D. Policies on financial development. 3.What does the underlined phrase “of no avail” mean in paragraph 4? A. Unfamiliar. B. Unsystematic. C. Inaccessible. D. Ineffective. 4.What do the survey results imply? A. The courses have lasting value. B. More attention is needed to finance. C. Fewer students borrow for college. D. The graduation standards are high. 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·湖北部分省级示范高中·期中）The Olympic Games, among the world’s most significant sports events, not only demonstrate the high level of athletic competition but also serve as a symbol of global cultural exchange and unity. However, they face an aging audience and declining viewership. The median age of American viewers was 39 in the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, rising to 53 by the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics. The Tokyo 2021 viewership dropped by a third compared to 2008. To attract younger audiences and stay relevant, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Thomas Bach has acknowledged the need for the Olympics to evolve, adding “youth-based” sports. Climbing, skateboarding, and surfing were included in Tokyo, and breakdancing made its first appearance in the 2024 Paris Olympics. To further broaden appeal, esports could be the key. With a massive following, esports could attract large audiences and add income through media rights and sponsorships. Esports could also bring Olympic glory to a diverse range of countries and represent the Olympic values of excellence, friendship, and respect. However, the IOC’s approach to esports has been cautious. The inaugural (首次的) Olympic Esports Week in Singapore in June 2023 was met with confusion among fans, with events like archery and “Just Dance” not reflecting as expected, attracting a peak viewership of only 22,000. Recognizing esports’ potential, the IOC has officially included esports in the Olympic Movement with the Olympic Esports Games in Saudi Arabia in 2025. This decision is in line with the principles of the Olympic Agenda 2020+5, which advocates for gender equality, inclusiveness, and diversity. By embracing esports, the Olympics can attract younger audiences, expand its global reach, and maintain its status as a popular sports and entertainment event. 1.What can be inferred from the first paragraph about the Olympic Games? A. The Olympic Games have always been popular among young viewers. B. The IOC has not recognized the changing viewer trends. C. The median age of Olympic viewers has remained stable over time. D. The Olympic Games are becoming less popular in America. 2.How do the Olympics keep connected with society? A. By focusing on traditional sports. B. By adding sports that appeal to younger audiences. C. By reducing the number of events in the Games. D. By hosting the Games in countries with diverse cultures. 3.What was the public’s attitude toward the inaugural Olympic Esports Week? A. Tolerant. B. Unclear. C. Supportive. D. Uninterested. 4.What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Distinctions between traditional sports and esports. B. Benefits of multicultural countries in esports. C. Possible advantages of adding esports to the Olympics. D. Suggestions on establishing a secure gaming setting for esports. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·湖北武汉中学·期中）You forget to bring your water bottle to the airport, so you buy a plastic one and keep refilling it. Or you order takeout for dinner and save the black plastic container to pack your lunch the next day. Reuse is one of the core rules of sustainability (可持续性). But should you be reusing these single-use plastics? Experts say no. Single-use plastics leach (滤出) chemicals and shed microplastics (微塑料) into your environment. Though studies have not directly compared single-use and reusable plastic, experts say they are more worried about single-use plastics because of how they’re made. A single-use plastic water bottle sheds micro and nano plastics into your water when you refill it, and a takeout container or frozen meal tray sheds these particles into your food. Chemical exposure increases if plastic is heated, typically in a microwave, a dishwasher or even by placing hot food in a takeout container. When heat is applied, molecules (分子) move faster, meaning it could be easier for some of these particles to make its way into your food. Concerns with chemicals and microplastics primarily apply to food, experts said, because you are eating them. Reusing single-use plastics like grocery bags is not a major concern, they added. The most important thing you should do is avoid heating your plastic, experts agreed. “A pretty hard-and-fast rule is to never microwave plastic,” Enck said. “And there’s also a suggestion not to put plastic into the dishwasher if it’s on a hot cycle.” 1.Why does the author list examples in the first paragraph? A. To analyse the reason. B. To lead into the topic. C. To prove the experts’ opinion. D. To introduce the background information. 2.What does the underlined word “shed” in the second paragraph probably mean? A. give out B. take in C. put out D. put off 3.According to the passage, which of the following harms human health most? A. Heating fast food in a glass bowl. B. Filling the grocery bag with meat. C. Packing cold drink with single-use plastics. D. Eating hot soup contained in a single-use plastic bag. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. Stop Using Single-use Plastics B. Reusing Single-use Plastics Is Harmful C. How to Correctly Use Single-use Plastics D. The Astonishing Fact of Single-use Plastics 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·湖北黄冈中学·期中）Urban agriculture, the practice of farming within the limits of a city, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide and is considered a way to make cities and urban food systems more sustainable. Despite strong evidence of the social and nutritional benefits of urban agriculture, its carbon footprint remains understudied. Most previously published studies have focused on high-tech, energy-intensive forms of urban agriculture —such as vertical (垂直的) farms and rooftop greenhouses. The new study aimed to fill some of the knowledge gaps by comparing the carbon footprints of food produced at low-tech urban agriculture sites to conventional crops. The researchers calculated the greenhouse gas emissions (排放) associated with on-farm materials and activities over the lifetime of the farm. The emissions, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents per serving of food, were then compared to foods raised by conventional methods. Farmers and gardeners at urban agriculture sites across the world were employed to use daily diary entries to take down inputs—the materials used to construct farms and cultivate crops—and harvests from their food-growing sites throughout the 2019 season. “By assessing actual inputs and outputs on urban agriculture sites, we were able to determine climate change impacts to each serving of produce,” says study co-lead author Benjamin Goldstein, assistant professor in the School for Environment and Sustainability. On average, food produced through urban agriculture released 0.42 kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents per serving, six times higher than the 0.07 kg CO2e per serving of conventionally grown produce. It’s also found that most of the climate impacts at urban farms are driven by the infrastructure (基础设施), such as the raised beds in which food is grown, or pathways between plots. “These farms typically only operate for a few years, so the greenhouse gases used to produce those materials are not used effectively. Conventional agriculture, instead, is very efficient and hard to compete with”, Goldstein says. For example, conventional farms often grow a single crop with the help of pesticides and fertilizers, resulting in larger harvests and a reduced carbon footprint when compared to urban farms, he says. 1.What is a benefit of urban agriculture? A. Sustainable food supply. B. High food output. C. Effective energy conservation. D. Low carbon footprint. 2.How is the research data collected? A. By accessing online database. B. By examining previous studies. C. By conducting personal interviews. D. By recording information every day. 3.What could be done to reduce carbon footprint according to Goldstein? A. Increase varieties of crops. B. Extend infrastructure lifetimes. C. Promote rooftop greenhouses. D. Use modern agriculture facilities. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. The benefits of traditional crops. B. The popularity of urban agriculture. C. The strategies to fight global warming. D. The carbon footprint of urban farm produce. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·湖北襄阳第四中学·期中）Auntie Ngeam is one of a third generation of indigo craftswomen (靛蓝工匠) in a family from the Phuan, a people known for their handmade textiles (纺织品). A large Phuan community settled in Phrae in northern Thailand in the late 19th century and brought their indigo craftsmanship with them. Auntie Ngeam took over a small business from her parents more than 30 years ago and has played a key role in updating Thailand’s indigo clothing over the past decade. “Every shop on the street had plain blue shirts, so I started thinking about how I could stand out,” she says. “I tried using indigo to tie-dye (扎染) modern clothes.” Now in Thai markets across the country, the indigo tie-dyed clothes have become a phenomenon. Auntie Ngeam also works together with the local government to promote the local indigo industry via tie-dye workshops among tourists. For the past six years, the town has hosted the Phrae Craft festival, showing small, independent indigo craftsmen’s work. The festival is run by Nanthanit Boyd, a former student of Auntie Ngeam’s. Today, Boyd is pushing the boundaries of indigo textile fashion, bringing designs to the world stage. With the increasing acceptance of indigo craftsmanship among young people, intergenerational indigo businesses have become ubiquitous in Phrae. Banmatjai Indigo Workshop is one of such growing businesses, which was opened by the women of the Suchanok family 10 years ago, when the eldest daughter Chidchanok Suchanok returned home after graduation. “I wondered why my generation wasn’t appreciating indigo,” Chidchanok says. “It’s our heritage and a local resource.” Phrae has been reborn as a craft center, bringing more jobs to the locals and attracting both domestic and international travelers. “The creativity is already here; all we need to do is make it shine brighter so people can see it,” says Boyd. 1.What can we learn about Auntie Ngeam? A. She enjoys touring all over the country. B. She is the founder of her family business. C. She pioneers the indigo tie-dyed clothes. D. She is in charge of the Phrae Craft festival. 2.What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Private. B. Widespread. C. Challenging. D. Conservative. 3.What can be inferred about the indigo industry from Boyd’s words? A. It unites the local communities. B. It guarantees the locals a richer life. C. It deserves to be further promoted. D. It appeals to the younger generation. 4.Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. Rapid Development of Phrae’s Tourism B. Exploration of the History of Indigo Industry C. Revolutionary Progress: the Tomorrow of Phrae D. From Tradition to Trend: Phrae’s Indigo Industry 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了靛蓝工艺的传承、创新和流行。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段““I tried using indigo to tie-dye (扎染) modern clothes.” Now in Thai markets across the country, the indigo tie-dyed clothes have become a phenomenon.(“我试着用靛蓝给现代衣服扎染。”现在在泰国的各个市场上，靛蓝扎染的衣服已经成为了一种现象。）”可知，Auntie Ngeam是靛蓝扎染衣服的先驱。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“With the increasing acceptance of indigo craftsmanship among young people(随着越来越多的年轻人接受靛蓝工艺)”可知，随着越来越多的年轻人接受靛蓝工艺，说明靛蓝公司现在较为普遍，故划线词意思是“普遍的”。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段““The creativity is already here; all we need to do is make it shine brighter so people can see it,” says Boyd.(“这里的创造力已经存在；我们只需要让它更加闪耀，让人们看到它，”Boyd说。)”可知，靛蓝产业值得进一步推广，让更多的人看到并欣赏到它的价值。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Auntie Ngeam is one of a third generation of indigo craftswomen (靛蓝工匠) in a family from the Phuan, a people known for their handmade textiles (纺织品). A large Phuan community settled in Phrae in northern Thailand in the late 19th century and brought their indigo craftsmanship with them.(Ngeam Auntie是Phuan家族第三代靛蓝手工艺女工之一，Phuan以手工纺织品而闻名。19世纪末，一个庞大的普安人社区定居在泰国北部的Phrae，并带来了他们的靛蓝工艺)”结合本文介绍了靛蓝工艺的传承、创新和流行。故D选项“从传统到趋势：Phrae的靛蓝产业”最符合文章标题，故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·湖北襄阳第四中学·期中）In these days of electronic everything, you’d think that most businesses wouldn’t be using paper cheques (支票) any more. In fact, for most businesses, paper cheques are still a thing. As many as one in three business deals are paid this way and 81% of firms in the US are still using paper cheques to settle some of their bills. Stop the eye-rolling because yeah, we know electronic payments are quicker to make, authorize and complete, and they’re easier to track and report. They save paper and are good for the environment. They’re more secure, efficient and cost less. They can be made and approved from anywhere. A growing number of businesses not only prefer electronic payments, but are requiring customers to do this. Even Microsoft recently announced that it would no longer accept paper cheques from its partners. But still ... I’m going to miss the paper cheque. I’ve always enjoyed the circumstance of the biweekly cheque run and the grandest part is the final approval evidenced by the ultimate proof of authority: the signature. Some of my clients take delight in the opportunity to examine and sign every cheque because there’s no better example of power than this. Paper cheques are not only a written form of contracts favored by firms throughout history but also a form of marketing where companies can proudly display their logos. They are clear evidence of stability and reliability. Unfortunately, the writing is on the wall for the paper cheque. And that makes me sad. According to the Small Business Administration, the majority of small business owners are over the age of 50. We grew up with Swanson TV Dinners, hockey without helmets (头盔) and appointed smoking sections in airplanes. We’ll retire and younger generations will bury us along with our chequebooks. We know this will unavoidably change. For now, many businesses in the US are still relying on paper cheques to pay. Yes, they’re inefficient and costlier. But please be patient. Allow me to have this one little enjoyment while it lasts. 1.What phenomenon does the author describe in paragraph 1? A. Doing business is increasingly difficult. B. Everything is going electronic in the US. C. Paper cheques are still in use in business. D. Most American firms fail to pay the bills. 2.What does Microsoft’s decision indicate? A. The growing trend of shifting to electronic payments. B. The change in forms of cooperation in big companies. C. The potential comeback of paper cheques in the market. D. The popularity of electronic payments among customers. 3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A. Defend his preference. B. Introduce a new concept. C. Call for readers’ support. D. Promote an old tradition. 4.Why does the author mention Swanson TV Dinners and hockey without helmets? A. To emphasize the outdated nature of past trends. B. To show his attachment to old-school practices. C. To stress his resistance to technological changes. D. To suggest the reliability of traditional methods. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了尽管电子支付日益普及，纸质支票在美国企业中仍然广泛使用，作者表达了对纸质支票的怀念之情。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In fact, for most businesses, paper cheques are still a thing. As many as one in three business deals are paid this way and 81% of firms in the US are still using paper cheques to settle some of their bills. (事实上，对于大多数企业来说，纸质支票仍然是一种支付方式。多达三分之一的商业交易是通过这种方式支付的，美国81%的企业仍然使用纸质支票来结算部分账单)”可知，作者在第一段描述了纸质支票在商业中仍然被使用。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“A growing number of businesses not only prefer electronic payments, but are requiring customers to do this. Even Microsoft recently announced that it would no longer accept paper cheques from its partners. (越来越多的企业不仅更喜欢电子支付，而且要求客户也这样做。甚至微软最近也宣布将不再接受其合作伙伴的纸质支票)”可知，微软的决定表明了转向电子支付的趋势正在增长。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“But still ... I’m going to miss the paper cheque. I’ve always enjoyed the circumstance of the biweekly cheque run and the grandest part is the final approval evidenced by the ultimate proof of authority: the signature. Some of my clients take delight in the opportunity to examine and sign every cheque because there’s no better example of power than this. Paper cheques are not only a written form of contracts favored by firms throughout history but also a form of marketing where companies can proudly display their logos. They are clear evidence of stability and reliability.(但尽管如此……我还是会怀念纸质支票。我一直享受每两周一次的支票处理过程，最令人难忘的部分是最终批准，这由最高权威的证明——签名来体现。我的一些客户乐于有机会检查和签署每一张支票，因为没有什么比这更能象征权力了。纸质支票不仅是历史上企业青睐的书面合同形式，也是一种营销手段，公司可以在支票上自豪地展示他们的标志。它们是稳定性和可靠性的明确证据)”可知，作者表达了对纸质支票的喜爱，还提到一些客户喜欢检查和签署每张支票，因为这象征着权力。此外，作者认为纸质支票不仅是历史上的书面合同形式，也是公司展示品牌的一种方式，由此推知，作者在第三段中打算为他对纸质支票的偏爱辩护。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Unfortunately, the writing is on the wall for the paper cheque. And that makes me sad. According to the Small Business Administration, the majority of small business owners are over the age of 50. We grew up with Swanson TV Dinners, hockey without helmets (头盔) and appointed smoking sections in airplanes.(不幸的是，纸质支票的命运已经注定。这让我感到难过。根据小企业管理局的数据，大多数小型企业的老板年龄超过50岁。我们这一代人是在斯旺森电视晚餐、没有头盔的曲棍球和飞机上的指定吸烟区中长大的)”可知，这些物品代表了过去的生活方式，而作者借此表达了他对纸质支票这种传统做法的怀念。因此，作者提到这些物品的目的是“展示他对老式做法的依恋”。故选B。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·湖北武汉中学·期中）Shared Mobility: Making Travel Easier for All Shared mobility services, such as carshares and bikeshares, have positive effects on the environment. However, access to these services is not equal for everyone. Research shows that shared mobility services are more commonly available in wealthier urban areas. Most users tend to be younger, wealthier, and physically able. To build a sustainable transportation system, it is essential to make these services inclusive for all people. Some cities have introduced programs to support low-income residents. These programs help increase the use of shared vehicles and reduce dependence on personal cars. Recently, about 70% of micromobility programs in the US have taken measures to better serve disadvantaged groups, such as accepting cash payments and offering non-smartphone booking options. Still, many barriers remain. Surveys indicate that people in rural areas and those with lower incomes encounter more obstacles when trying to use bikeshares. Cost, lack of familiarity, and limited availability are common problems, as illustrated in the Figure. Non-profit organizations are also playing an important role. For example, SharedMobility Inc., a Buffalo-based NGO, provides free e-bikes to underserved communities and organizes training sessions to promote cycling culture and safety. Mobitwin in Belgium supports elderly people and those with limited mobility by providing affordable rides booked via telephone. Similarly, Tim Carsharing in Austria offers vehicles suitable for wheelchairs and provides child seats upon request. In conclusion, understanding different needs and making services more adaptable are key steps toward fair and sustainable urban transportation. 1.What is the purpose of making shared mobility services inclusive for all? A. To promote cash payments. B. To lower transportation costs. C. To make transportation sustainable. D. To reduce reliance on private cars. 2.Which is the major obstacle preventing low-income urban people from using bikeshares? A. Safety concerns. B. High cost. C. Lack of familiarity. D. Limited availability. 3.Which measure is taken by Tim Carsharing in Austria? A. Providing free e-bikes. B. Booking rides by smartphone. C. Organizing training sessions. D. Offering wheelchair-friendly vehicles. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍共享出行服务现状，分析使用障碍及为实现可持续交通采取的包容性措施。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Shared mobility services, such as carshares and bikeshares, have positive effects on the environment. However, access to these services is not equal for everyone. Research shows that shared mobility services are more commonly available in wealthier urban areas. Most users tend to be younger, wealthier, and physically able. To build a sustainable transportation system, it is essential to make these services inclusive for all people. (共享出行服务，如汽车共享和自行车共享，对环境有积极影响。然而，并非每个人都能平等地获得这些服务。研究表明，共享出行服务在较富裕的城市地区更为普遍。大多数用户往往更年轻、更富有、身体更强健。为了建设可持续的交通系统，必须使这些服务对所有人都具有包容性)”可知，让共享出行服务具有包容性的目的是实现交通可持续发展。故选 C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文中“Surveys indicate that people in rural areas and those with lower incomes encounter more obstacles when trying to use bikeshares. Cost, lack of familiarity, and limited availability are common problems(调查显示，农村地区和低收入人群在使用共享单车时遇到更多障碍。成本、缺乏熟悉度和供应有限是常见问题)”及图表中对应Lower income(urban)的BARRIER2：High cost of the bikeshare system对应的是40%，占比最高，所以高成本是阻碍低收入城市人群使用共享单车的主要障碍。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Similarly, Tim Carsharing in Austria offers vehicles suitable for wheelchairs and provides child seats upon request. (相似地，奥地利的Tim Carsharing提供适合轮椅的车辆，并根据要求提供儿童座椅)”可知，奥地利的Tim Carsharing采取的措施是提供适合轮椅的车辆。故选 D。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·湖北武汉部分重点中学·期中）The AI Age Jeb. Blount, Anthony Iannarino This groundbreaking, hands-on guide marries their brilliant sales strategies, used by millions of salespeople, with the transformative power of AI. Drawing from cutting-edge research and real-world applications, the authors demonstrate AI’s potential to help you build deeper relationships and winning solutions that give you a leg-up over the competition. Brave New Words Salman Khan In Brave New Words, Salman Khan examines the ins and outs of these cutting-edge tools and how they will revolutionize the way we learn and teach. Khan emphasizes that embracing AI in education is not about replacing human interaction but enhancing it with customized and accessible learning tools that encourage creative problem-solving skills and prepare students for an increasingly digital world. The Worlds I See Fei-Fei Li The Worlds I See is a story of science in the first person, documenting one of the century’s defining moments from the inside. It provides an interesting story of a scientist at work and a thrillingly clear explanation of what artificial intelligence actually is — and how it came to be. This book is a testament (证明) not only to the passion required for even the most technical scholarship but also to the curiosity forever at its heart. 2084 and AI Revolution John C. Lennox Will technology change what it means to be human? We all wonder where we’re headed. Since the questions posed by AI affected most of us, they demand answers. 2084 and AI Revolution has been written to challenge and arouse the curiosity of all readers. Whatever your world view, Lennox provides clear information and credible answers that will bring you real hope for the future of humanity. 1.What does The AI Age focus on? A. Making predictions. B. Exploring answers. C. Offering approaches. D. Discovering problems. 2.What does Salman Khan emphasize in his book? A. The possibility of AI replacing human. B. The necessity of reducing interaction. C. The combination of AI and education. D. The application of AI in marketing. 3.What distinguishes The Worlds I See from other books? A. Relating personal stories. B. Offering winning solutions. C. Providing learning tools. D. Arousing readers’ curiosity. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍四本关于人工智能的书籍，分别聚焦 AI 与销售、教育、科学科普及人类未来的关联，各有侧重且兼具实用性与思想性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据The AI Age部分“This groundbreaking, hands-on guide marries their brilliant sales strategies, used by millions of salespeople, with the transformative power of AI. (这本具有开创性的实用指南，将他们被数百万销售人员采用的出色销售策略与人工智能的变革力量相结合。)”可知，该书核心是提供将AI与销售策略结合的实用方法。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Brave New Words部分“Khan emphasizes that embracing AI in education is not about replacing human interaction but enhancing it with customized and accessible learning tools that encourage creative problem-solving skills and prepare students for an increasingly digital world.(Khan强调，教育领域拥抱人工智能并非要取代人际互动，而是借助个性化且易获取的学习工具来强化这种互动 —— 这些工具能培养学生创造性解决问题的能力，还能让他们为日益数字化的世界做好准备。)”可知，Salman Khan强调的是人工智能与教育的结合。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据The Worlds I See部分“The Worlds I See is a story of science in the first person, documenting one of the century’s defining moments from the inside. (《我看见的世界》是以第一人称讲述的科学故事，从内部记录了这个世纪的标志性时刻之一。)”可知，该书是一位科学家的自传，既是作者的个人史，也是一部人工智能发展史。这是本书和其他几本书的区别之处。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·湖北武汉部分重点中学·期中）Superhighways of vessels (血管) beneath our skin transport blood and nutrients. These natural pathways expand like tree branches to help our body move food and oxygen to our organs. While our bodies naturally produce vessels, bioengineers are now crafting them in labs, using an unexpected material: ice. The idea was inspired by the ice magic in the Disney movie Frozen, says Burak Ozdoganlar, a mechanical engineer at Carnegie Mellon University, “Frozen’s ice queen commands ice and snow — maybe we can too.” To make the vessels, the engineer first needed a template (模板) to build the tissue. “Originally, we were trying to do this with wax (蜡),” Ozdoganlar says. “But wax proved too soft. And it’s not necessarily biocompatible, or suitable for use in the body.” Then they thought of Elsa’s magic. Ice seemed like a good alternative for many reasons. It costs little and is readily available. And most importantly, since it’s nonpoisonous, the body won’t reject it. Printing the ice template is simple. Engineers program the desired shape into a 3-D printer, which then drops water onto a -35℃ surface to freeze it instantly. This process is repeated until the vessel’s shape is complete. Overall, it takes less than 30 seconds. Then the template is wrapped in gelatin, which becomes solid under ultraviolet light as the ice melts, leaving behind realistic-looking blood channels. The team has tested the channels with lining cells of blood vessels. Those cells survived for two weeks, a promising sign for future transplantation into humans. The new vessels might be tested with a drug being developed for use in people. Such tests could show how your body might react to the drug. “This is really a game-changer,” says Ozdoganlar. “The new research is quite interesting and exciting,” says Warren Grayson, a biomedical engineer at Johns Hopkins University. “But it also has limitations. You can see that all these structures are pretty small. Their size is limited by the need for extreme cold. Larger structures would not stay cold enough due to heat transfer. This method may not transform the tissue engineering field, but it does provide another perspective for creating structures.” 1.What key advantage does ice offer over wax for the engineers’ project? A. It’s cost-effective. B. It’s harmless to our body. C. It’s easy to obtain. D. It’s environmentally friendly. 2.What happens to the ice template during the process of vessel making? A. It solidifies the encasing gelatin. B. It is reshaped after its completion. C. It becomes a part of the final vessel. D. It melts away with the channels remaining. 3.What does Warren Grayson think of the ice-vessel approach? A. It marks a dramatic change. B. It provides a new outlook. C. It serves as a practical solution. D. It represents a notable innovation. 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. From Frozen to Functional: Crafting Vessels from Ice B. Vessel Building: Challenges and Advances in Materials C. 3-D Printing: A Game Changer for Biological Engineering D. Bringing Frozen to Life: Impacting Blood Flow with Ice 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了生物工程师受《冰雪奇缘》启发，利用冰来制作血管模板并测试其效果。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中““Originally, we were trying to do this with wax (蜡),” Ozdoganlar says. “But wax proved too soft. And it’s not necessarily biocompatible, or suitable for use in the body.” Then they thought of Elsa’s magic. Ice seemed like a good alternative for many reasons. It costs little and is readily available. And most importantly, since it’s nonpoisonous, the body won’t reject it.(Ozdoganlar说：“最初，我们尝试用蜡来做。但蜡太软了，而且它不一定具有生物相容性，即不一定适合在体内使用。”后来，他们想到了艾莎的魔法。出于多种原因，冰似乎是个不错的替代品。它成本低廉，且容易获取。最重要的是，由于冰无毒，身体不会排斥它。)”可知，冰相对于蜡的关键优势在于它对人体无害。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Then the template is wrapped in gelatin, which becomes solid under ultraviolet light as the ice melts, leaving behind realistic-looking blood channels.(然后，模板被包裹在明胶中，明胶在紫外线下凝固，而冰融化，留下看起来逼真的血液通道。)”可知，在制作血管的过程中，冰模板会融化，留下通道。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段Warren Grayson说的话中“This method may not transform the tissue engineering field, but it does provide another perspective for creating structures.(这种方法可能不会改变组织工程领域，但它确实为创造结构提供了另一种视角。)”可知，Warren Grayson认为冰血管方法提供了一种新的视角。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“While our bodies naturally produce vessels, bioengineers are now crafting them in labs, using an unexpected material: ice.(虽然我们的身体自然会产生血管，但生物工程师现在正在实验室里用一种意想不到的材料——冰来制作它们。)”可知，文章主要讲述了生物工程师受《冰雪奇缘》启发，利用冰来制作血管模板并测试其效果。本文的最佳标题是“From Frozen to Functional: Crafting Vessels from Ice(从《冰雪奇缘》到实用：用冰制作血管)”。故选A。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北部分省级示范高中·期中）Mount Tai in Shandong province has launched a trial operation of mountain climbing assist robots for the first time, attracting significant attention from visitors. These exoskeleton (外骨骼) robots are designed to assist climbers and are versatile (多用途的) enough to be used in various fields such as mountaineering and fitness. “It really works! Once I put it on, it felt like someone was pulling me up the Mount Tai — full of high-tech vibes (氛围)!” exclaimed a tourist, who is trying out the new mountain climbing exoskeleton robot. Resembling the “mechanical armor (机械战甲)” seen in sci-fi movies, this robot has become a new companion for hikers, thanks to its cutting-edge technological design. Staff explained that the exoskeleton robot is not limited to Mount Tai climbing. It has a wide range of applications, covering activities such as hiking, fitness, running, daily walking, and going up and down stairs, this versatile device can be applied across various aspects of life and work. Unlike traditional mountaineering equipment, the design of this robot emphasizes more on the integration of ergonomics and smart technology. Weighing only 1.8 kg, it incorporates advanced power, electronics, and AI algorithms that can instantly detect lower limb movements and provide tailored assistance. This precise support system effectively reduces strain on the legs, offering great convenience, particularly for elderly or physically weaker tourists. Additionally, the robot is equipped with an efficient battery system that allows for over 5 hours of continuous walking, with a single charge supporting a distance of around 14 kilometers. For those who want to fully enjoy the natural beauty of Mount Tai without opting for the cable car, this robot is undoubtedly an ideal choice. 1.According to Paragraphs 1 and 2, what is the key feature of the exoskeleton robot reflected in the tourist’s feedback? A. It has a sci-fi appearance that attracts tourists’ attention. B. It is practical for assisting climbing and feels high-tech. C. It is lightweight and easy to wear for most visitors. D. It is cheaper than taking the cable car up Mount Tai. 2.According to the staff, what makes the exoskeleton robot fundamentally different from traditional mountaineering equipment? A. Its light weight that reduces burden for climbers. B. Its wide use in both daily life and work activities. C. Its design concept centered on integrating ergonomics and smart technology. D. Its long battery life that supports over 5 hours of continuous walking. 3.What is the author’s intention in mentioning the robot’s battery performance? A. To show the robot can satisfy the practical needs of Mount Tai hikers. B. To prove the robot is more energy-saving than Mount Tai’s cable cars. C. To emphasize how advanced the robot’s battery technology is. D. To explain why the robot is better for daily walking than mountaineering. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards Mount Tai’s climbing assist robot trial? A. Indifferent. B. Favorable. C. Neutral. D. Skeptical. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了山东泰山试运行的登山辅助外骨骼机器人，其功能、优势及适用场景，获游客关注。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“These exoskeleton (外骨骼) robots are designed to assist climbers and are versatile (多用途的) enough to be used in various fields such as mountaineering and fitness.(这些外骨骼机器人旨在帮助登山者，用途广泛，足以用于登山和健身等各个领域)”以及第二段“It really works! Once I put it on, it felt like someone was pulling me up the Mount Tai — full of high-tech vibes!(它真的很管用！一旦穿上，感觉就像有人在把我往泰山上拉——充满了高科技氛围！)”可知，游客的反馈体现了机器人登山辅助是实用且具有高科技感的。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Unlike traditional mountaineering equipment, the design of this robot emphasizes more on the integration of ergonomics and smart technology.(与传统登山装备不同，这款机器人的设计更注重人体工程学与智能技术的融合)”可知，二者的核心差异是设计理念。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段“For those who want to fully enjoy the natural beauty of Mount Tai without opting for the cable car, this robot is undoubtedly an ideal choice.(对于那些不想乘坐缆车却想充分欣赏泰山自然风光的人来说，这款机器人无疑是理想之选)”可知，提及电池性能是为说明其能满足登山者实际需求。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“These exoskeleton (外骨骼) robots are designed to assist climbers and are versatile (多用途的) enough to be used in various fields such as mountaineering and fitness.(这些外骨骼机器人旨在帮助登山者，用途广泛，足以用于登山和健身等各个领域)”、第二段“It really works! Once I put it on, it felt like someone was pulling me up the Mount Tai — full of high-tech vibes!(它真的很管用！一旦穿上，感觉就像有人在把我往上拉泰山——充满了高科技氛围！)”以及最后一段“For those who want to fully enjoy the natural beauty of Mount Tai without opting for the cable car, this robot is undoubtedly an ideal choice.(对于那些想在不选择缆车的情况下充分享受泰山自然美景的人来说，这款机器人无疑是一个理想的选择)”可知，全文出现机器人功能、优势及游客正面反馈的描述，由此可推知，作者对登山辅助外骨骼机器人持有积极的态度。故选B项。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·湖北部分省级示范高中·期中）Vacations are being redefined to improve your wellness experiences. The new buzzword is “sleep tourism” and the focus is on ensuring that you rest well at night and actually return from your vacation feeling refreshed. When away, vacationers traditionally like to make use of every second of the day. They rush from site to site, eat meals at all hours of the day, and treat themselves at night. And when finally returning to their hotel rooms at night, they find it hard to sleep. Besides, downtown hotels may be centrally located, with noisy traffic and flashing city lights pervading (弥漫). Also, many people simply do not sleep well when away from their own beds. All these factors lead to pain, allergies and hormonal issues, making sleep challenging. “Sleep tourism” addresses these issues and more. Special sleep suites have been thoughtfully designed to offer quiet and darkness. Hotels are investing in artificial intelligence mattresses (床垫) that adjust temperature and have cushions to relieve pressure points. The mattresses can also track sleep statistics and offer vacationers feedback on their sleep patterns. Sleep suites are a huge advance in tourism and are now found in wellness hotels around the world. Each offers different ways of inducing sleep, according to Condé Nast Traveler. Many provide a menu of relaxing teas and a tailored bed. No matter which sleep suite you choose, the goal is to sleep well so you can improve your health and well-being. Sinking into a comfortable bed should be the best part of a trip! The hope is that more hotels adapt to this wellness trend and return to the original purpose of a hotel room, which is sleep! Now you can tour around by day and have sweet dreams by night. 1.According to the text, what is the new trend in vacationing? A. Partying all night. B. Eating at special hours. C. Sleeping well on holiday. D. Rushing from site to site. 2.How do sleep suites improve the sleep experience for guests? A. By serving a wide variety of food. B. By introducing mattresses with AI technology. C. By offering in-room entertainment systems. D. By ensuring complete darkness in the rooms. 3.The underlined word “inducing” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A. promoting. B. preventing. C. causing. D. affecting. 4.What can we infer about the future of hotels from the passage? A. All hotels will have artificial intelligence mattresses. B. Traditional hotels will disappear because of “sleep tourism”. C. More hotels will focus on providing better sleep experiences. D. Downtown hotels will move to quieter areas to avoid traffic noise. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为解决游客在旅游过程出现睡眠问题的一种旅游形式——睡眠旅游。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The new buzzword is “sleep tourism” and the focus is on ensuring that you rest well at night and actually return from your vacation feeling refreshed.(新的流行词是“睡眠旅游”，其重点是确保你在晚上休息得很好，假期结束后感觉神清气爽。)”可知，度假的新趋势是“度假时睡好”。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hotels are investing in artificial intelligence mattresses (床垫) that adjust temperature and have cushions to relieve pressure points. The mattresses can also track sleep statistics and offer vacationers feedback on their sleep patterns.(酒店正在投资人工智能床垫，它可以调节温度，并有缓冲来缓解压力点。这些床垫还可以跟踪睡眠统计数据，并为度假者提供睡眠模式的反馈。)”可知，人工智能床垫能调节温度、缓解压力点、追踪睡眠数据并反馈，直接提升睡眠体验；由此可知，睡眠套房通过引入人工智能床垫来改善客人睡眠。故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段中划线词下文“Many provide a menu of relaxing teas and a tailored bed. No matter which sleep suite you choose, the goal is to sleep well so you can improve your health and well-being. Sinking into a comfortable bed should be the best part of a trip!(许多套房还提供一系列舒缓的茶饮以及定制的床铺。无论您选择哪种睡眠套房，其目的都是让您能睡个好觉，从而改善您的健康和生活质量。)”可知，套房所提供的舒缓的茶饮以及定制的床铺都是促进睡眠的方法，“Each offers different ways of inducing sleep(每间套房都提供了不同的inducing睡眠方式。)”中的inducing表示“促进”，与promoting同义。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。文章最后一段“The hope is that more hotels adapt to this wellness trend and return to the original purpose of a hotel room, which is sleep!(希望更多的酒店适应这种健康趋势，回归酒店房间的最初目的，那就是睡觉！)”明确呼吁希望更多酒店适应睡眠旅游这一健康趋势，回归酒店房间的初衷——提供睡眠；由此可推测，未来更多酒店会专注于提供更好的睡眠体验。故选C。 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·湖北八校联考·期中）This summer, I was invited to take part in post-dubbing (后期配音), which involves adding extra voice work to enhance the sound quality of certain scenes, for the Chinese WWII epic, Dongji Rescue (《东极岛》). It tells the story of 384 British prisoners rescued by brave Chinese fishermen after the Japanese army had locked hundreds more soldiers in the sinking warship, Lisbon Maru. As a British national, my job was to project my best 1940s British soldier’s voice, shouting, screaming, grunting and giving commands as various survivors during the daring rescue. Joining a team of fellow Western actors, we watched the film’s dramatic scenes on a large screen as several microphones recorded our words and actions in a recording studio. Reading lines alone was scary, as I was keen to maintain clarity while also expressing the intense emotions of the scene as realistically as possible. The most enjoyable part was working as a group, with each person performing different lines, often overlapping (重叠) to create the chaos and confusion of the intense survival scenes featuring hundreds of soldiers. This was where we could really play with different tones and emotions to create a number of believable and dramatic voices, trying to live up to the excellent onscreen work of the cast and crew. Even though our contribution to the picture was small, there was a noticeable level of team spirit and seriousness. We appreciated the gravity of the historical event and the respect it had clearly been given in the film. The work required accurate timing to match the actors’ lip movements and fit with the actors’ gestures, and even though I only did one day in the studio, it was tiring work, leaving my voice rough and hurting. Since the event, I’ve kept in touch with a number of the actors. This experience shows that it’s always worth stepping outside your comfort zone to explore new creative opportunities. And it was pretty fun to see my name in the credits, too! 1.What was the author’s main responsibility in the post-dubbing? A. Reading lines alone with strong emotions. B. Improving overall sound quality of the film. C. Voicing various British soldier characters. D. Directing other Western actors’ performances. 2.What made the group work the most pleasurable for the author? A. Watching scenes together. B. Avoiding overlapping lines. C. Presenting soldiers’ survival chaos. D. Adjusting tones to create vivid voices. 3.What did the author think of the job? A. Worthwhile and effortless. B. Rewarding and demanding. C. Innovative and challenging. D. Easy and enjoyable. 4.What does the author’s story mainly show? A. He who dares wins. B. Practice makes perfect. C. Many hands make light work. D. Every cloud has a silver lining. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。作者作为英国人参与《东极岛》后期配音，为二战英国士兵幸存者配音，享受团队合作中调整语气创造生动声音的过程，虽工作费力但认为值得，感悟应走出舒适区探索新机会。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“As a British national, my job was to project my best 1940s British soldier’s voice, shouting, screaming, grunting and giving commands as various survivors during the daring rescue.(作为一名英国公民，我的任务是展现出最符合20世纪40年代英军士兵风格的声音，在这场惊心动魄的救援行动中，以各种幸存者的身份呼喊、尖叫、呻吟并下达指令)”可知，在后期配音工作中，这位作者的主要职责是演绎各种英国士兵的角色。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“The most enjoyable part was working as a group, with each person performing different lines, often overlapping (重叠) to create the chaos and confusion of the intense survival scenes featuring hundreds of soldiers. This was where we could really play with different tones and emotions to create a number of believable and dramatic voices, trying to live up to the excellent onscreen work of the cast and crew.(最令人愉快的部分在于团队合作，每个人分别扮演不同的角色，有时角色还会相互重叠，从而营造出数百名士兵参与的激烈生存场景中的混乱与紧张氛围。在这里，我们能够尽情发挥不同的音调和情感，创造出一系列真实可信且富有戏剧性的声音，力求不辜负演员和工作人员在银幕上的出色表现)”可推知，团队合作中最让作者愉悦的是通过调整语气和情感，创造出生动可信的声音。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The work required accurate timing to match the actors’ lip movements and fit with the actors’ gestures, and even though I only did one day in the studio, it was tiring work, leaving my voice rough and hurting.(这项工作需要精确把握时间，以与演员的嘴唇动作相匹配，并与他们的动作协调一致。尽管我在录音棚里只工作了一天，但那也是非常累人的工作，导致我的嗓子变得沙哑，还很疼痛)”以及最后一段中“This experience shows that it’s always worth stepping outside your comfort zone to explore new creative opportunities.(这一经历表明，走出舒适区去探索新的创意机会总是值得的)”可推知，作者认为这份工作虽然要求高，但很有收获。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“This experience shows that it’s always worth stepping outside your comfort zone to explore new creative opportunities. And it was pretty fun to see my name in the credits, too!(这次经历表明，走出舒适区去探索新的创意机会总是值得的。而且看到自己的名字出现在片尾字幕里也让我感到非常开心！)”结合文章主要讲述了作者参与中国二战史诗电影《东极岛》的后期配音工作，为各种英国士兵角色配音的经历。这次经历让作者走出舒适区，探索新的创作机会，虽然工作辛苦但很有收获。可知，作者的故事主要表明“敢于冒险的人才能获得成功”。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·湖北荆州沙市中学·期中）The National Gallery Description: The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London. It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance. Layout: The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th-to15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling. The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronese. The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer. The East Wing houses 18th-to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh. Opening Hours: The Gallery is open every day from 10 am to 6 pm (Fridays 10 am to 9 pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions. Getting There: Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk), Leicester Square (3-minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8-minute walk). 1.In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings? A. The 20th B. The 17th C. The 18th D. The 13th 2.Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown? A. In the East Wing. B. In the main West Wing. C. In the Sainsbury Wing. D. In the North Wing. 3.Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery? A. Charing Cross. B. Leicester Square. C. Embankment. D. Piccadilly Circus. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国国家美术馆的展品以及这个展馆的布置、开馆的时间等情况。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的ranging from 13th­century religious paintings to...可知人们可以在这里看到13世纪的宗教图画。B、C、D三项中的图画都没有涉及religious这个词。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。由第三段中的The main West Wing houses 16th­century paintings，and artists include Leonardo da Vinci...可知，达•芬奇的作品可以在the main West Wing中看到，因此选B。其他几个地方都没有展出达•芬奇的画。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Nearest underground stations：Charing Cross(2­minute walk)．..可知，Charing Cross离国家美术馆只有步行2分钟的路程，其他几个地方离国家美术馆的距离都比Charing Cross远。故选A。 【点睛】 细节理解题解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： 1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。 3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： 1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。 3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高二上·湖北宜城一中、枣阳一中等鄂北六校·期中）Following the crowd may not always be in a person’s best interest. But new research suggests that teens who go along with their friends may end up healthier as adults. Scientists have known that close friendships are good for health. That’s true for both teens and adults. The finding inspired Joseph Allen, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health. So they followed 171 teens, starting when the kids were just 13. They interviewed each one every year for five years, and also spoke to these teens’ closest friends, who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships. The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25, 26 and 27. This time, the questions surveyed each person’s overall health. When the researchers analyzed the data, they found a strong connection between a teen’s behavior and adult health. Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults. Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to a close friend also influenced later health. Those who held back were more likely to be sick as adults. The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health. Weight, family income and drug use were all examined. So were mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression. And in these people, such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did. Going along with the crowd may have benefits, says Allen, but there are also drawbacks. Teens who are more independent tend to be better at school and work. And peer pressure may lead to some kids’ risky behavior, such as smoking, drinking or using drugs. Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge, Allen acknowledges. “Finding the right balance is the key. Teens shouldn’t lose heart for not finding this easy.” And, he adds, “Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.” 1.What is the function of the paragraph one? A. To introduce a topic. B. To make a definition. C. To reach a conclusion. D. To attract readers’ interest. 2.What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the research? A. Its theoretical basis. B. Its major difficulties. C. Its process and results. D. Its scientific evidence. 3.What does the underlined word “drawbacks” mean in Paragraph4? A. Challenges. B. Mistakes. C. Influences. D. Disadvantages. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Teens should follow the crowd strictly. B. Peer pressure mainly affects adult health. C. Teen friendships may make healthier adults. D. Adults should pay attention to teen health. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一个朋友关系对健康的影响的调查研究，研究表明，朋友较少、没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康些。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Following the crowd may not always be in a person’s best interest. But new research suggests that teens who go along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.(从众未必总能符合个人最佳利益，但新研究表明，顺应朋友的青少年最终可能成为更健康的成年人。)”可知，该段通过“从众的普遍认知”与“新研究结论”的对比，引出“青少年友谊与成年健康”这一核心话题，为后文展开研究介绍做铺垫。第一段主要的作用是引出主题。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。第三段首句“So they followed 171 teens, starting when the kids were just 13. They interviewed each one every year for five years, and also spoke to these teens’ closest friends, who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships. The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25, 26 and 27.(于是他们对 171 名青少年展开了追踪研究，研究始于这些孩子 13 岁时。研究团队连续五年每年对每位参与者进行一次采访，同时还与这些青少年最亲密的朋友进行了交谈 —— 朋友们为了解他们的友谊质量提供了额外信息。这 171 名研究对象在 25 岁、26 岁和 27 岁时再次接受了采访。)”详细描述了研究的对象、时间跨度和数据收集方式；以及“When the researchers analyzed the data, they found a strong connection between a teen’s behavior and adult health. Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults. Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to a close friend also influenced later health. Those who held back were more likely to be sick as adults.(当研究人员分析数据时，发现青少年的行为与成年后的健康状况之间存在密切关联：拥有亲密朋友的青少年，长大后会成为更健康的成年人。青少年是压抑自己的情绪，还是向亲密朋友倾诉，这也会影响他们日后的健康 —— 那些选择压抑情绪的人，成年后患病的概率更高。)”则呈现了研究的核心发现（结果）。因此，该段主要讲述了研究的过程与结果。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据下文内容“Teens who are more independent tend to be better at school and work. And peer pressure may lead to some kids’ risky behavior, such as smoking, drinking or using drugs. (更独立的青少年往往在学校和工作中表现更好。同龄人的压力可能会导致一些孩子的危险行为，如吸烟、饮酒或吸毒。)”结合上文“Going along with the crowd may have benefits, says Allen,(艾伦说，随大流可能有好处。)”可知，随大流可能有好处，但也有缺点，比如吸烟、饮酒或吸毒，所以猜测drawbacks为“缺点”。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章文章第一段的“ But new research suggests that teens who go along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.(但新的研究表明，和朋友在一起的青少年成年后可能会更健康)”以及下文可知，本文主要介绍了青少年时期的朋友关系对健康的影响，研究表明，与朋友较少、没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康些，青少年之间的友谊可能会造就更健康的成年人。故选C项。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·湖北鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟·期中）As modern-day stress reaches what feels like unbearable levels, researchers are trying to learn more about the precise mechanisms through which it affects our body and mind. The hope is that by unlocking more about how stress works physiologically, we can find ways to prevent it from permanently harming people. The future of understanding and fighting stress may lie in our DNA. In 2023, Ursula Beattie, then a doctoral student at Tufts University, and her colleagues found possible evidence that stress can overwhelm DNA’s repair mechanisms. In their study, researchers repeatedly tapped on sparrow (麻雀) cages with pens, played the radio loudly, and carried out other actions designed to cause distress but no physical harm. Blood and tissue samples from the sparrows after three weeks of this unpleasant treatment revealed damage to the DNA. “It’s like if you had two pieces of string coiled up (卷曲), just like DNA, and you took a pair of scissors and cut them,” Beattie says. While these kinds of double-strand (双股) breaks in DNA occur all the time in sparrows and other species, including humans, the damage is typically reversed through self-repair mechanisms. In a chronic-stress (长期压力) setting, “those repair mechanisms get overwhelmed, which is how we see a buildup of DNA damage,” Beattie explains. The damage in the birds appears to be the most severe in cells of the liver, she adds, suggesting that for humans, too, the extent and type of damage caused by stress might be different for different tissues of the body. We’re still learning how deep stress goes into our bodies. But we’re getting closer to solving the puzzle that is stress, which promises a future where we can better meet the ongoing demand for change. 1.What is the main purpose of researchers studying the mechanisms of stress? A. To explain why modern people suffer from high stress. B. To compare the stress levels of humans and sparrows. C. To prove that DNA is closely related to human health. D. To figure out methods to keep stress from doing lasting harm. 2.What did Ursula Beattie and her team discover in their 2023 study? A. Sparrows are more sensitive to stress than other animals. B. Chronic stress can destroy the DNA repair system. C. Loud radio sounds can cause physical harm to sparrows. D. DNA damage in sparrows only appears in liver cells. 3.Why does Beattie mention the “two pieces of string” in Paragraph Four? A. To show how DNA is structured in living organisms. B. To prove that DNA self-repair mechanisms are effective. C. To explain what DNA double-strand breaks look like. D. To compare the DNA of sparrows and humans. 4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. The Harm of Chronic Stress to Human Tissues B. Studying Stress: From DNA Mechanisms to Future Hope C. Ursula Beattie’s Groundbreaking Study on Sparrows D. How to Prevent DNA Damage Caused by Stress 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员对压力机制的研究，包括压力对DNA的影响，以及这些研究对未来理解和应对压力的希望。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The hope is that by unlocking more about how stress works physiologically, we can find ways to prevent it from permanently harming people.(人们希望，通过进一步揭示压力在生理上的作用机制，我们能够找到防止压力对人体造成永久性伤害的方法)”可知，研究人员研究压力机制的主要目的是找出防止压力造成持久伤害的方法。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2023, Ursula Beattie, then a doctoral student at Tufts University, and her colleagues found possible evidence that stress can overwhelm DNA’s repair mechanisms.(2023年，当时是塔夫茨大学博士生的厄休拉·比蒂和她的同事们发现了可能的证据，表明压力会压垮DNA的修复机制)”以及第四段中“In a chronic-stress (长期压力) setting, “those repair mechanisms get overwhelmed, which is how we see a buildup of DNA damage,” Beattie explains.(在长期压力的环境下，“这些修复机制会不堪重负，这就是我们看到DNA损伤积累的原因，”比蒂解释道)”可知，厄休拉·比蒂和她的团队在2023年的研究中发现长期压力会破坏DNA修复系统。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中““It’s like if you had two pieces of string coiled up (卷曲), just like DNA, and you took a pair of scissors and cut them,” Beattie says. While these kinds of double-strand (双股) breaks in DNA occur all the time in sparrows and other species, including humans, the damage is typically reversed through self-repair mechanisms.(“这就像你有两条卷曲的绳子，就像DNA一样，然后你拿一把剪刀把它们剪断，”比蒂说。虽然这种DNA双链断裂在麻雀和其他物种，包括人类中经常发生，但这种损伤通常会通过自我修复机制逆转)”可知，比蒂用两条卷曲的绳子来比喻DNA，是为了更形象地解释DNA双链断裂的样子。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The future of understanding and fighting stress may lie in our DNA.(理解和对抗压力的未来可能在于我们的DNA)”和最后一段“We’re still learning how deep stress goes into our bodies. But we’re getting closer to solving the puzzle that is stress, which promises a future where we can better meet the ongoing demand for change.(我们仍在了解压力对我们身体的影响有多深。但我们离解开压力之谜越来越近了，这预示着一个未来，我们能够更好地满足不断变化的需求)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员对压力机制的研究，包括压力对DNA的影响，以及这些研究对未来理解和应对压力的希望。所以“Studying Stress: From DNA Mechanisms to Future Hope(研究压力：从DNA机制到未来希望)”能概括文章内容，最合适作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·湖北荆州沙市中学·期中）People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, based on performances and self-evaluation by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted and can’t focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things,” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the University of Utah. Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensation-seeking (寻求刺激) or imperative (冲动) they were. They then evaluated the participants’ multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters. Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensation-seeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted. “People multitask not because it’s going to lead to greater productivity, but because they’re distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important.” Sanbonmatsu said. Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldn’t find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether people’s recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking. The findings do suggest, however, why the sensation-seeker who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.” said Paul Atchley, another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though they’re dangerous.” 1.The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask __________. A. seek high productivity constantly B. prefer handling different things when getting bored C. are more focused when doing many things at a time D. have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time 2.When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research, they __________. A. assessed the multitasking ability of the students B. evaluated the academic achievements of the students C. analyzed the effects of the participants’ tricky mental tasks D. measured the changes of the students’ understanding ability 3.According to Sanbonmatsu, people multitask because of their __________. A. limited power in calculation B. interests in doing things differently C. inability to concentrate on one task D. impulsive desire to try new things 4.From the last paragraph, we can learn that multitaskers usually __________. A. drive very skillfully B. go in for different tasks C. fail to react quickly to potential dangers D. refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了Sanbonmatsu与他的同事们的一项研究结果：同时做很多事情的人往往会有最糟糕的结果，这是因为这些人做事情不专心，他们不能对潜在的危险作出迅速的反应。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. (一项新的研究表明：一直同时处理多项任务的人可能在同时做两件事时表现最差。)”可知，Sanbonmatsu的研究表明：同时做多项任务的人在同时做很多事情时往往会有最差的结果，故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“They then evaluated the participants’ multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters. (然后，他们通过一项棘手的心理任务评估参与者的多任务处理能力，该任务要求学生在记住一组字母的同时进行简单的数学计算。)”可知，Sanbonmatsu和他的同事们在实验中评估了学生们的多任务处理能力，故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“‘People multitask not because it’s going to lead to greater productivity, but because they’re distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important.’ Sanbonmatsu said. (Sanbonmatsu说：“人们同时处理多项任务不是因为它会带来更高的生产力，而是因为他们会分心，他们会陷入不那么重要的事情中。”)”可知，Sanbonmatsu认为人们处理多个任务是因为他们分心，注意力无法集中在一个任务上，故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.’ said Paul Atchley, another researcher not in the group. (另一位不在小组中的研究人员Paul Atchley说：“多任务处理的人通常对危险情况不太敏感。”)”可知，多任务处理者对潜在的危险不敏感，故推知他们不能迅速对危险作出反应，故选C。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·湖北鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟·期中）Imagine getting an MRI (核磁共振成像) of your knees and being told you have “mild intrasubstance degeneration of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus (内侧半月板).” Most of us who didn’t go to medical school are not going to be able to decipher that term as anything meaningful or understand what is actionable from that diagnosis. That’s why Stanford radiologists developed a large language model(LLM) to help address patients’ medical concerns and questions. Using this model, a patient getting a knee MRI could get a more useful and simple explanation: Your knee’s meniscus is a tissue in your knee that serves as a cushion, and, like a pillow, the meniscus has gone a little flat but still can function. This LLM, called “RadGPT” can extract concepts from a radiologist’s report to then provide an explanation of that concept and suggest possible follow-up questions. Traditionally, medical expertise is needed to understand the technical reports radiologists write about patient scans, said Curtis Langlotz, Stanford professor of radiology, of medicine, and of biomedical data science. “We hope that our technology won’t just help to explain the results, but will also help to improve the communication between doctor and patient.” Tools like RadGPT could get patients more engaged in their care, Langlotz believes, because they can better understand what their test results actually mean. “Doctors don’t always have the time to go through and explain reports, line by line,” Langlotz said. “I think patients who really do understand what’s in their medical record are going to get better care and will ask better questions.” To develop RadGPT, the Stanford team took 30 sample radiology reports and extracted five concepts from each report. They developed explanations for them and three question-and-answer pairs that patients might commonly ask. Five radiologists who reviewed these explanations determined that the system is unlikely to produce hallucinations or other harmful explanations. AI is still a long way from being able to accurately interpret raw scans. Instead, the current RadGPT model depends on a human radiologist dictating a report, and only then will the system extract concepts from what they have written. “As with any other healthcare technology, safety is absolutely primary,” said Sanna Herwald, the study’s lead author and a Stanford resident in graduate medical education. “The reason this study is so exciting is because the RadGPT-generated materials were generally considered safe without further change. This means that RadGPT is a promising tool that may, after further testing and validation (确认有效), directly educate patients about their urgent or incidental imaging findings in real time at the patient’s convenience.” 1.What does the underlined word “decipher” in the second paragraph probably mean? A. Interpret. B. Appeal. C. Encounter. D. Guarantee. 2.What can we infer from Curtis Langlotz’s words about doctor-patient communication? A. Doctors usually explain radiology reports in great detail to patients. B. Patients’ lack of understanding of reports may affect their medical care. C. The 21st Century Cures Act has solved the problem of poor communication. D. Doctors prefer patients not to ask questions about their radiology reports. 3.What is Sanna Herwald’ s attitude towards RadGPT? A. Doubtful. B. Negative. C. Favourable. D. Critical. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. A new AI tool has been developed to scan patients. B. RadGPT helps patients understand their radiology report. C. RadGPT will replace radiologists to offer medical advice. D. A new AI tool helps accelerate the production of radiology reports. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了斯坦福大学研发的RadGPT模型，可将放射科医生的专业报告转化为通俗解释，提供后续问题建议，助力医患沟通与患者参与诊疗，经评估安全，未来或实时服务患者。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Most of us who didn’t go to medical school(我们当中大多数没有接受过医学专业培训的人)”以及后文“that term as anything meaningful or understand what is actionable from that diagnosis(这个术语的含义的，也无法从诊断结果中得出任何有意义的结论或了解如何采取相应的行动)”可知，大多数人因为没有接受过医学专业培训，所以无法理解专业术语。故划线词意思是“理解”。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段“I think patients who really do understand what’s in their medical record are going to get better care and will ask better questions.(我认为那些真正理解自己病历内容的患者将会得到更好的治疗，并且会提出更恰当的问题)”可知，从柯蒂斯·朗洛茨关于医患沟通的言论中，患者对报告内容的不理解可能会对他们的医疗护理产生影响。可知选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段““The reason this study is so exciting is because the RadGPT-generated materials were generally considered safe without further change. This means that RadGPT is a promising tool that may, after further testing and validation (确认有效), directly educate patients about their urgent or incidental imaging findings in real time at the patient’s convenience.”(这项研究之所以如此令人兴奋，是因为由 RadGPT 生成的材料通常被认为无需进一步修改即可安全使用。这意味着 RadGPT 是一种很有前景的工具，经过进一步的测试和验证后，它能够根据患者的需求，在患者方便的时候直接向患者解释其紧急或偶然的影像检查结果)”可知，萨娜·赫瓦尔德对RadGPT的态度是赞成的。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“This LLM, called “RadGPT” can extract concepts from a radiologist’s report to then provide an explanation of that concept and suggest possible follow-up questions.(这款名为“RadGPT”的语言模型能够从放射科医生的报告中提取出相关概念，进而对该概念进行解释，并提出可能的后续问题)”以及文章主要说明了斯坦福大学研发的RadGPT模型，可将放射科医生的专业报告转化为通俗解释，提供后续问题建议，助力医患沟通与患者参与诊疗，经评估安全，未来或实时服务患者。可知，这篇文章的主要观点是RadGPT能帮助患者理解他们的放射学报告。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·湖北八校联考·期中）A new study from the University of California San Diego says learning Mandarin Chinese can help with music. In a paper in Developmental Science, researchers found that preschoolers who speak Mandarin first are better at musical pitch (音高) than those who speak English. The results are not just about finding who might be good at music early. The study shows that when the brain learns skills in one area, it can affect learning in another. Sarah Creel, the lead author from UC San Diego’s Department of Cognitive Science (认知科学系), said, “A big question is whether our mental abilities are separate. For example, do we have special brain systems only for language? Our research suggests the opposite — there’s a kind of interaction and we can use cognitive abilities in different areas.” The researchers did two experiments with young Mandarin learners and English learners. They tested 180 children on tasks about pitch patterns and timbre (音色). In the timbre task, Mandarin-speakers and English-speakers did similarly. But in the pitch task, Mandarin-speakers outperform English-speakers. Mandarin is a tone language. The authors think that paying attention to tones helps young Mandarin speakers notice pitch in music better. Gail Heyman, a co-author from UC San Diego’s Department of Psychology, said, “This shows that the language you speak affects how you understand music. It supports the idea of cross-domain (跨领域) learning.” The study’s co-authors wrote, “We show for the first time that learning a tone language is connected with better musical pitch processing in young children. This is important for neuroscience (神经科学) and behavior, and our research can help design brain training programs.” But Heyman and Creel advise: Don’t stop your child’s music lessons to focus only on language, or language lessons for music. To be good at music, you still need to study music. And learning another language is good in itself, whether it makes you a better musician or not. 1.What is the main finding of the new study? A. Listening to music early is always good. B. Mandarin is better than English in all ways. C. Preschoolers have totally different mental skills. D. Learning Mandarin helps people understand music. 2.What does the underlined word “outperform” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Do better than. B. Do worse than. C. Act differently from. D. React similarly to. 3.What can the study’s findings help do? A. Make more exact language tests. B. Create better cognitive training plans. C. Find out kids’ musical ability very early. D. Make music teaching more interesting. 4.What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To point out the study’s problems. B. To suggest topics for future research. C. To prevent overinterpreting the results. D. To tell people to value early education. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。加州大学圣地亚哥分校研究发现，学龄前普通话使用者的音乐音高感知优于英语使用者，因普通话声调学习助力音高识别，证实跨领域认知关联，且研究可辅助设计大脑训练项目。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A new study from the University of California San Diego says learning Mandarin Chinese can help with music.(加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校的一项新研究表明，学习汉语普通话对音乐能力有益)”可知，这项新研究的主要发现是学习普通话有助于人们更好地理解音乐。故选D。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In the timbre task, Mandarin-speakers and English-speakers did similarly.(在音色测试中，说普通话的人和说英语的人表现得大致相同)”可知，在音色任务中，说普通话和英语的儿童表现相似，但在音高任务中，说普通话的儿童outperform说英语的儿童，通过“but”的转折逻辑可推断，outperform意为“表现优于”。故划线词意思是“表现优于”。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“The study’s co-authors wrote, “We show for the first time that learning a tone language is connected with better musical pitch processing in young children. This is important for neuroscience (神经科学) and behavior, and our research can help design brain training programs.”(该研究的合著者写道：“我们首次证明，学习一种声调语言与幼儿对音乐音高的处理能力的提高有关。这在神经科学和行为学领域都具有重要意义，而我们的研究有助于设计大脑训练方案。”)”可知，该研究的成果有助于制定更有效的认知训练计划。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But Heyman and Creel advise: Don’t stop your child’s music lessons to focus only on language, or language lessons for music. To be good at music, you still need to study music. And learning another language is good in itself, whether it makes you a better musician or not.(但海曼和克里尔建议：不要因为只专注于语言学习而中断孩子的音乐课程，也不要只专注于音乐课程而忽略语言学习。要想精通音乐，你仍然需要学习音乐知识。而且学习另一种语言本身也是有益的，无论它是否能让你成为更出色的音乐家)”可推知，最后一段的目的是避免对结果进行过度解读。故选C。 主题语境05 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·湖北八校联考·期中）Microscopic plastic pieces are everywhere, and a new study shows they exist in bottled water at levels 10 to 100 times higher than people thought before. Researchers from Columbia University and Rutgers University found about 240,000 plastic pieces that can be detected in a normal liter of bottled water. The study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The researchers used a special microscope method called stimulated Raman scattering and machine learning to detect seven common types of plastics, testing three unnamed bottled water brands. About 10% of these particles (微粒) are microplastics (5 millimeters to 1 micrometer), and 90% are nanoplastics (less than 1 micrometer). Microplastics have already been found in human lungs, blood and placentas. “Nanoplastics could be even more dangerous than microplastics because when inside the human body, the smaller it goes, the easier for it to be misidentified as the natural component of the cell,” says Wei Min, a Columbia chemistry professor and co-author on the study. The International Bottled Water Association (IBWA) said it had only a short time to look at the study. It argued that the new way of detecting plastics needs to be fully checked by scientists. Also, more research is needed to create standard ways to measure and count nanoplastics in our surroundings. It added there is no scientific agreement on the potential health impacts of nanoplastic and microplastic particles and media reports unnecessarily scare consumers. Phoebe Stapleton, another co-author of the study, says researchers already know that nanoplastics are in water. “But if you can’t quantify them or create images of them, it’s hard to believe they really exist. The importance of our team’s research is that it now reveals this clearly — it not only provides computer-generated images, but also lets us measure the nanoplastics. Even more importantly, it offers chemical analysis of those measurements.” she says, adding that the research helps people better understand how much plastic humans usually take into their bodies and what effects it has. 1.Why does the author mention the numbers in Paragraph 1? A. To show the diversity of plastic pieces. B. To question the significance of the study. C. To indicate the seriousness of plastic pollution. D. To explain potential sources of plastic pieces. 2.According to Paragraph 2, why are nanoplastics possibly more dangerous? A. They are more widely spread. B. They may enter cells more easily. C. They might be recognized as part of cells. D. They are mistaken for some types of cells. 3.What tone does the IBWA adopt when reacting to the findings of the study? A. Encouraging but reserved. B. Cautious and skeptical. C. Uncertain but curious. D. Critical and direct. 4.What is the best title for this passage? A. Is There Actually Plastic in Your Bottled Water? B. Microscopic Plastic Pieces: A Hidden Health Risk. C. Can Scientists Quantify Plastic Pieces in Our Body? D. Your Bottled Water Has More Plastic Than You Imagine. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新研究发现瓶装水中微塑料和纳米塑料的含量比之前估计的要高得多，介绍了研究的方法、相关各方的态度以及该研究的重要意义。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Microscopic plastic pieces are everywhere, and a new study shows they exist in bottled water at levels 10 to 100 times higher than people thought before. Researchers from Columbia University and Rutgers University found about 240,000 plastic pieces that can be detected in a normal liter of bottled water. The study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.(微小的塑料碎片无处不在，一项新的研究表明，瓶装水中存在的塑料颗粒数量比人们此前认为的要高出10到100倍。哥伦比亚大学和罗格斯大学的研究人员在一瓶普通瓶装水中检测到了约24万个可被发现的塑料颗粒。该研究发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上)”可推知，作者在第一段中提及这些数字以表明塑料污染的严重性。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Nanoplastics could be even more dangerous than microplastics because when inside the human body, the smaller it goes, the easier for it to be misidentified as the natural component of the cell(纳米塑料可能比微塑料更为危险，因为一旦进入人体内，其尺寸越小，就越容易被误认为是细胞中的天然成分)”可知，纳米塑料可能更具危害性因为它们可能会被误认为是细胞的一部分。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The International Bottled Water Association (IBWA) said it had only a short time to look at the study. It argued that the new way of detecting plastics needs to be fully checked by scientists. Also, more research is needed to create standard ways to measure and count nanoplastics in our surroundings. It added there is no scientific agreement on the potential health impacts of nanoplastic and microplastic particles and media reports unnecessarily scare consumers.(国际瓶装水协会（IBWA）表示，他们只能对这项研究进行短暂的审查。该协会认为，检测塑料的新方法需要由科学家进行全面检验。此外，还需要进行更多的研究，以制定衡量和统计我们周围环境中纳米塑料的标准方法。该协会还指出，目前对于纳米塑料和微塑料颗粒可能对健康产生的影响尚未达成科学共识，媒体的报道也无必要给消费者造成恐慌)”可推知，国际瓶装水协会在对这项研究的结果是谨慎且持怀疑态度。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Microscopic plastic pieces are everywhere, and a new study shows they exist in bottled water at levels 10 to 100 times higher than people thought before. Researchers from Columbia University and Rutgers University found about 240,000 plastic pieces that can be detected in a normal liter of bottled water. The study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.(微小的塑料碎片无处不在，一项新的研究表明，瓶装水中存在的塑料颗粒数量比人们此前认为的要高出10到100倍。哥伦比亚大学和罗格斯大学的研究人员在一瓶普通瓶装水中检测到了约24万个可被发现的塑料颗粒。该研究发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上)”以及文章主要讲述了一项新研究发现瓶装水中微塑料和纳米塑料的含量比之前估计的要高得多，介绍了研究的方法、相关各方的态度以及该研究的重要意义。可知，D选项“你的瓶装水中的塑料含量比你想象的要多”最能概括文章主旨，是最佳标题。故选D。 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·湖北圆创联盟·期中）The idea of de-extinction, the big goal of bringing extinct species back to life, has fired global imagination. Pushed by advances in genetics, this field is no longer limited to science fiction. Companies like Colossal Biosciences have announced projects targeting famous animals such as the woolly mammoth (猛犸象) and the dodo. However, the scientific reality is more complex than the popular story. True de-extinction, defined as creating a perfect genetic copy of a lost species, is currently out of reach for most extinct animals. The primary problem is the degradation of DNA over time, which prevents researchers from recovering a complete genome (基因组). For species that disappeared long ago, the genetic blueprint is simply too broken. Consequently, scientists are largely focusing on an alternative approach: creating ecological proxies (代替物). This involves using gene-editing tools like CRISPR to change the genome of a closely related living species. The aim is not to revive an identical copy, but to engineer a new animal that can perform the ecological role of its extinct relative. For instance, the non-profit Revive & Restore is working on changing the band-tailed pigeon to be like the passenger pigeon, which once played a key part in shaping North American forests. This big goal is not without argument. Critics argue that the resulting creatures are not truly brought-back species but rather genetically changed organisms. They question whether these “copies” would behave like the originals or be accepted by modern ecosystems. Furthermore, some scientists suggest that existing species could sometimes do similar ecological jobs, making de-extinction an unnecessary difficulty. Despite the debates, research in this area continues. Supporters point out potential benefits beyond the impressive scene of seeing a woolly mammoth. The genetic tools developed could be critical for protecting endangered species, such as boosting genetic diversity. The knowledge gained might also help restore damaged ecosystems by reintroducing lost functions. Yet, a fundamental truth remains: the original passenger pigeon is gone forever. De-extinction, in its current form, offers not a revival, but a replacement, proving our growing power and responsibility over the natural world. 1.Why does the author say de-extinction is “no longer limited to science fiction”? A. To predict the exact timeline of its realization. B. To acknowledge the media’s role in promoting it. C. To highlight its transition to practical scientific pursuit. D. To showcase the commercial appeal of related businesses. 2.What is the big challenge in true de-extinction? A. Developing advanced technology. B. Securing sufficient financial support. C. Reconstructing complete genetic sequences. D. Overcoming opposition from environmental groups. 3.Why is the passenger pigeon talked about in Paragraph 3? A. To explain the reasons for its extinction. B. To suggest the relative ease of reviving bird species. C. To describe the lifestyle of its closest living relative. D. To provide a specific case of ecological proxy creation. 4.What is a main future use of the new genetic tools? A. Saving endangered species from extinction. B. Expanding the population of urban pigeons. C. Commercializing the value of genetic research. D. Replacing traditional habitat restoration approaches. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了物种“复活”技术的现状与争议，指出由于DNA降解，完美复制已不可能，故主要采用基因编辑创造生态替代物，但此举存在伦理与生态风险，其潜在价值在于保护濒危物种及修复生态系统。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The idea of de - extinction, the big goal of bringing extinct species back to life, has fired global imagination. Pushed by advances in genetics, this field is no longer limited to science fiction.(灭绝复生的想法，即让灭绝物种复活的宏伟目标，激发了全球的想象力。在遗传学进步的推动下，这一领域不再局限于科幻小说。)”以及“Companies like Colossal Biosciences have announced projects targeting famous animals such as the woolly mammoth (猛犸象) and the dodo.(像科洛斯罗生物科学公司这样的企业已经宣布了针对诸如猛犸象和渡渡鸟等著名动物的科研项目。)”可知，作者说灭绝复生不再局限于科幻小说，是为了强调它已经转变为实际的科学追求，在基因技术进步的推动和相关公司实际项目的开展下，这一领域已从科幻构想进入了现实的科学探索范畴。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The primary problem is the degradation of DNA over time, which prevents researchers from recovering a complete genome (基因组). For species that disappeared long ago, the genetic blueprint is simply too broken.(主要问题是DNA随时间退化，这使得研究人员无法恢复完整的基因组。对于很久以前就消失的物种来说，基因蓝图简直太破碎了。)”可知，真正实现灭绝复生面临的大挑战是重建完整的基因序列。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Consequently, scientists are largely focusing on an alternative approach: creating ecological proxies (代替物).( 因此，科学家们主要关注另一种方法：创造生态替代物。)”以及“For instance, the non - profit Revive & Restore is working on changing the band - tailed pigeon to be like the passenger pigeon, which once played a key part in shaping North American forests.(例如，非营利组织Revive & Restore正在努力将斑尾鸽变成像旅鸽一样的鸽子，旅鸽曾经在塑造北美森林中发挥了关键作用。)”可知，第三段提到旅鸽是为了提供一个创造生态替代物的具体案例。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Supporters point out potential benefits beyond the impressive scene of seeing a woolly mammoth. The genetic tools developed could be critical for protecting endangered species, such as boosting genetic diversity.(支持者指出，除了看到猛犸象这一令人印象深刻的场景之外，还有潜在的好处。开发的基因工具对于保护濒危物种可能至关重要，例如提高遗传多样性。)”可知，新的基因工具的主要未来用途是拯救濒危物种免于灭绝。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·湖北宜城一中、枣阳一中等鄂北六校·期中）As humans, we can find out what other people are thinking about and understand that their ideas might be different from ours. Scientists call this “theory of mind”, which is an important part of human success. An important question is whether animals can do the same. A recent experiment suggests that bonobo apes (倭黑猩猩) may share this ability. Bonobos are very intelligent apes, known for being friendly and often solving problems by working together. To study how bonobos think, researchers at Johns Hopkins University came up with a clever experiment with three male bonobos at a research center called the Ape Initiative. The goal was to see whether the apes could understand when a human didn’t know some things. In the experiment, scientist Luke Townrow sat across a table from a bonobo. Another scientist hid a small snack under one of three cups. The bonobo was always able to watch the snack being hidden and see Townrow. But half of the time, Townrow wasn’t able to see which cup the snack was hidden under. The researchers wanted to see if the bonobos acted differently when they knew that Townrow didn’t know which cup the snack was hidden under. The results showed that when Townrow didn’t see where the snack was hidden, the bonobos pointed to the cup with the hidden treat more quickly. The experiment suggests that the bonobos seemed to understand that Townrow didn’t know something that they did. However, there were only three bonobos in the study. Also, these bonobos grew up around humans and might not represent wild ones. Scientists should provide more evidence. Still, the results indicate that the bonobos have a “theory of mind”. They have the ability to think about what others are thinking and can change their behavior to communicate when someone is missing important information. 1.What do the underlined words “this ability” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. To copy others’ behavior. B. To create a language system. C. To understand others’ minds. D. To interact with other species. 2.Why are bonobos chosen for the research? A. They are the most intelligent apes. B. They are friendly and cooperative. C. They can communicate like humans. D. They can solve problems on their own. 3.Why did the bonobos point to the cup in the experiment? A. To respond as required. B. To show their high intelligence. C. To get the hidden treat. D. To help the participant find the snack. 4.What is a limitation of the experiment? A. The design was too complex. B. The sample size was too small. C. It involved three wild bonobos. D. It lasted for a very short time. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，介绍了“心理理论”这一人类重要能力，并通过约翰·霍普金斯大学对三只倭黑猩猩的实验，探讨倭黑猩猩是否也具备该能力，同时指出实验局限性。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段“As humans, we can find out what other people are thinking about and understand that their ideas might be different from ours. Scientists call this “theory of mind”, which is an important part of human success. An important question is whether animals can do the same. A recent experiment suggests that bonobo apes (倭黑猩猩) may share this ability.(作为人类，我们能够知道别人在想什么，并且明白他们的想法可能与我们的不同。科学家称这种能力为“心理理论”，它是人类成功的重要组成部分。一个重要的问题是动物是否也能做到这一点。最近的一项实验表明，倭黑猩猩可能也拥有这种能力。)”可知，“this ability”指代前文人类具备的了解他人想法的能力，即理解他人的心思。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Bonobos are very intelligent apes, known for being friendly and often solving problems by working together. To study how bonobos think, researchers at Johns Hopkins University came up with a clever experiment with three male bonobos at a research center called the Ape Initiative.(倭黑猩猩是非常聪明的类人猿，以友好著称，并且经常通过合作解决问题。为了研究倭黑猩猩的思维方式，约翰·霍普金斯大学的研究人员在一个名为“类人猿倡议”的研究中心，对三只雄性倭黑猩猩进行了一项巧妙的实验。)”可知，选择倭黑猩猩进行研究是因为它们友好且善于合作。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“The goal was to see whether the apes could understand when a human didn’t know some things.(实验的目的是观察这些类人猿是否能理解人类在某些事情上不知情的情况。)”以及第四段“The results showed that when Townrow didn’t see where the snack was hidden, the bonobos pointed to the cup with the hidden treat more quickly. The experiment suggests that the bonobos seemed to understand that Townrow didn’t know something that they did.(结果显示，当汤罗没有看到零食藏在哪个杯子下面时，倭黑猩猩会更快地指向藏有零食的杯子。实验表明，倭黑猩猩似乎明白汤罗不知道它们所知道的事情。)”可知，倭黑猩猩指向杯子是因为它们理解汤罗不知道零食的位置，想要帮助汤罗找到零食。故选D。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“However, there were only three bonobos in the study. Also, these bonobos grew up around humans and might not represent wild ones. Scientists should provide more evidence.(然而，这项研究中只有三只倭黑猩猩。此外，这些倭黑猩猩在人类身边长大，可能不能代表野生倭黑猩猩。科学家们应该提供更多的证据。)”可知，实验的局限性之一是样本量太小。故选B。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·湖北黄冈中学·期中）“Then would you invest short-term or long-term?” asks Jennifer Varga, a teacher at Memorial Middle School in New Jersey. Personal-finance courses targeted at pupils are being popularized across America, promoted by rules requiring such instruction. Since 2020, 17 states have adopted laws that make taking a financial course necessary for completing high school, bringing the total up to 25. That figure will probably grow. Pupils in these classes learn not only how to save their earnings in order to have something to invest in the first place, but simple economic problems. Courses cover comparison shopping and the basics of how to properly bank, budget, handle credit and pay for college. Young people badly need these courses. Few teenagers score highly on financial knowledge assessments. Are personal-finance courses the answer? For a long time, the studies said no. Many analyses, including one cited over 2,500 times, claimed that financial courses were of no avail. The analyses made intuitive (直觉的) sense, as many teenagers have yet to work or manage a household. But more recent findings have shown an opposite picture. Research has gotten better and the courses themselves have also improved. Studies that use the gold standard of investigation have found the courses are working well and useful in improving financial knowledge and behaviour. The newest survey conducted in 33 countries found people who take these courses learn the content and budget better. And pupils who take personal-finance courses borrow less money. If they do borrow for college, they choose low-cost options. Some worry about adding one more graduation requirement to the long list, but schools are willing to remove courses with less direct bearing on life skills. “When I was 20, it would have been nice to have this class,” Ms Varga says. She got into some financial trouble as a young adult. “I want them to be better than my generation.” 1.What fuels the spread of personal-finance courses? A. A major demand from schools. B. The unsteadiness of finance. C. A new requirement for graduation. D. The popularity of banking. 2.What can students learn in personal-financial courses? A. Long-term investment. B. Daily finance management. C. Strategies for earning money. D. Policies on financial development. 3.What does the underlined phrase “of no avail” mean in paragraph 4? A. Unfamiliar. B. Unsystematic. C. Inaccessible. D. Ineffective. 4.What do the survey results imply? A. The courses have lasting value. B. More attention is needed to finance. C. Fewer students borrow for college. D. The graduation standards are high. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了在美国中小学推广的个人理财课程，课程内容涵盖日常理财技能等，帮助学生积累财务知识，指导相关行为。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Personal-finance courses targeted at pupils are being popularized across America, promoted by rules requiring such instruction. Since 2020, 17 states have adopted laws that make taking a financial course necessary for completing high school, bringing the total up to 25. (针对学生的个人理财课程在美国得到了普及，这是由相关规定推动的。自2020年以来，已有17个州通过了法律，规定参加金融课程是完成高中学业的必要条件，使总数达到25个。)”可知，毕业的新要求推动了个人理财课程的普及。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Courses cover comparison shopping and the basics of how to properly bank, budget, handle credit and pay for college. (课程包括比较购物和如何正确存入银行、预算、处理信贷和支付大学费用的基本知识。)”可知，学生可以从个人理财课程中学到日常财务管理。故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Few teenagers score highly on financial knowledge assessments. Are personal-finance courses the answer? For a long time, the studies said no. (很少有青少年在金融知识评估中得分很高。个人理财课程能解决问题吗？很长一段时间以来，研究都说没有)”以及“Many analyses, including one cited over 2,500 times, claimed that financial courses were (许多分析，包括一项被引用超过2500次的分析，都声称金融课程……)”可知，研究说个人理财课程并不能解决问题，引用的分析也声称金融课程没有效果、没有帮助。故划线词意思是“无效果的”。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段“The newest survey conducted in 33 countries found people who take these courses learn the content and budget better. And pupils who take personal-finance courses borrow less money. If they do borrow for college, they choose low-cost options. (在33个国家进行的最新调查发现，参加这些课程的人对课程内容和预算掌握得更好。选修个人理财课程的学生借的钱也更少。如果他们真的借钱上大学，他们会选择低成本的选择。)”可知，这些课程在增加学生的财务知识和提升相关行为上有持久的效果。故选A。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·湖北部分省级示范高中·期中）The Olympic Games, among the world’s most significant sports events, not only demonstrate the high level of athletic competition but also serve as a symbol of global cultural exchange and unity. However, they face an aging audience and declining viewership. The median age of American viewers was 39 in the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, rising to 53 by the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics. The Tokyo 2021 viewership dropped by a third compared to 2008. To attract younger audiences and stay relevant, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Thomas Bach has acknowledged the need for the Olympics to evolve, adding “youth-based” sports. Climbing, skateboarding, and surfing were included in Tokyo, and breakdancing made its first appearance in the 2024 Paris Olympics. To further broaden appeal, esports could be the key. With a massive following, esports could attract large audiences and add income through media rights and sponsorships. Esports could also bring Olympic glory to a diverse range of countries and represent the Olympic values of excellence, friendship, and respect. However, the IOC’s approach to esports has been cautious. The inaugural (首次的) Olympic Esports Week in Singapore in June 2023 was met with confusion among fans, with events like archery and “Just Dance” not reflecting as expected, attracting a peak viewership of only 22,000. Recognizing esports’ potential, the IOC has officially included esports in the Olympic Movement with the Olympic Esports Games in Saudi Arabia in 2025. This decision is in line with the principles of the Olympic Agenda 2020+5, which advocates for gender equality, inclusiveness, and diversity. By embracing esports, the Olympics can attract younger audiences, expand its global reach, and maintain its status as a popular sports and entertainment event. 1.What can be inferred from the first paragraph about the Olympic Games? A. The Olympic Games have always been popular among young viewers. B. The IOC has not recognized the changing viewer trends. C. The median age of Olympic viewers has remained stable over time. D. The Olympic Games are becoming less popular in America. 2.How do the Olympics keep connected with society? A. By focusing on traditional sports. B. By adding sports that appeal to younger audiences. C. By reducing the number of events in the Games. D. By hosting the Games in countries with diverse cultures. 3.What was the public’s attitude toward the inaugural Olympic Esports Week? A. Tolerant. B. Unclear. C. Supportive. D. Uninterested. 4.What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Distinctions between traditional sports and esports. B. Benefits of multicultural countries in esports. C. Possible advantages of adding esports to the Olympics. D. Suggestions on establishing a secure gaming setting for esports. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了随着奥运会的观众老龄化和观看人数减少，奥运会推出了新的项目。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However, they face an aging audience and declining viewership. The median age of American viewers was 39 in the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, rising to 53 by the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics. The Tokyo 2021 viewership dropped by a third compared to 2008.(然而，奥运会面临着观众老龄化和观看人数减少的问题。美国观众的中位年龄在1992年巴塞罗那奥运会时是39岁，到了2016年里约热内卢奥运会时上升到了53岁。与2008年相比，2021年东京奥运会的收视率下降了三分之一。)”可推知，奥运会在美国越来越不受欢迎。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To attract younger audiences and stay relevant, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Thomas Bach has acknowledged the need for the Olympics to evolve, adding “youth-based” sports.(为了吸引年轻观众并保持相关性，国际奥委会 (IOC)主席Thomas Bach承认奥运会需要与时俱进，并增加了“以青年为基础”的体育项目。)”可知，奥运会通过增加更多吸引年轻一代的运动项目来与社会保持联系。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The inaugural (首次的) Olympic Esports Week in Singapore in June 2023 was met with confusion among fans, with events like archery and “Just Dance” not reflecting as expected, attracting a peak viewership of only 22,000.(2023年6月在新加坡举行的首届奥林匹克电子竞技周遭遇了粉丝的困惑，像射箭和Just Dance这样的项目并没有引起预期的反响，吸引的最高观看人数仅为22000人。)”可推知，观众对首届奥运会电子竞技周不感兴趣。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Recognizing esports’ potential, the IOC has officially included esports in the Olympic Movement with the Olympic Esports Games in Saudi Arabia in 2025. This decision is in line with the principles of the Olympic Agenda 2020+5, which advocates for gender equality, inclusiveness, and diversity. By embracing esports, the Olympics can attract younger audiences, expand its global reach, and maintain its status as a popular sports and entertainment event.(认识到电子竞技的潜力，国际奥委会已正式将其纳入奥林匹克运动，并计划于2025年在沙特阿拉伯举办奥林匹克电子竞技运动会。这一决定与《奥林匹克议程2020+5》的原则相符，该议程主张性别平等、包容性和多样性。通过接纳电子竞技，奥运会能够吸引年轻观众，扩大其全球影响力，并保持其作为受欢迎的体育和娱乐活动的地位。)”可知，最后一段主要讲将电子竞技纳入奥运会的潜在好处。故选C。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·湖北武汉中学·期中）You forget to bring your water bottle to the airport, so you buy a plastic one and keep refilling it. Or you order takeout for dinner and save the black plastic container to pack your lunch the next day. Reuse is one of the core rules of sustainability (可持续性). But should you be reusing these single-use plastics? Experts say no. Single-use plastics leach (滤出) chemicals and shed microplastics (微塑料) into your environment. Though studies have not directly compared single-use and reusable plastic, experts say they are more worried about single-use plastics because of how they’re made. A single-use plastic water bottle sheds micro and nano plastics into your water when you refill it, and a takeout container or frozen meal tray sheds these particles into your food. Chemical exposure increases if plastic is heated, typically in a microwave, a dishwasher or even by placing hot food in a takeout container. When heat is applied, molecules (分子) move faster, meaning it could be easier for some of these particles to make its way into your food. Concerns with chemicals and microplastics primarily apply to food, experts said, because you are eating them. Reusing single-use plastics like grocery bags is not a major concern, they added. The most important thing you should do is avoid heating your plastic, experts agreed. “A pretty hard-and-fast rule is to never microwave plastic,” Enck said. “And there’s also a suggestion not to put plastic into the dishwasher if it’s on a hot cycle.” 1.Why does the author list examples in the first paragraph? A. To analyse the reason. B. To lead into the topic. C. To prove the experts’ opinion. D. To introduce the background information. 2.What does the underlined word “shed” in the second paragraph probably mean? A. give out B. take in C. put out D. put off 3.According to the passage, which of the following harms human health most? A. Heating fast food in a glass bowl. B. Filling the grocery bag with meat. C. Packing cold drink with single-use plastics. D. Eating hot soup contained in a single-use plastic bag. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. Stop Using Single-use Plastics B. Reusing Single-use Plastics Is Harmful C. How to Correctly Use Single-use Plastics D. The Astonishing Fact of Single-use Plastics 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇科普说明文，文章主要指出不应重复使用一次性塑料，解释其会滤出化学物质和微塑料，并说明购物袋等非接触食品的一次性塑料重复使用无需过度担忧，同时给出避免加热塑料的建议。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“You forget to bring your water bottle to the airport, so you buy a plastic one and keep refilling it. Or you order takeout for dinner and save the black plastic container to pack your lunch the next day. Reuse is one of the core rules of sustainability (可持续性). But should you be reusing these single-use plastics? Experts say no .(你去机场时忘了带水杯，于是买了个塑料杯，之后一直用它接水。或者你点了外卖当晚餐，留着黑色塑料餐盒第二天装午饭。重复利用是可持续发展的核心原则之一，但这类一次性塑料真的能重复使用吗？专家给出的答案是否定的。)”可知，在第一段中，作者先列举“重复使用一次性塑料水瓶、外卖餐盒”的日常场景，再通过转折提出核心问题“这类一次性塑料能否重复使用”，最后引出专家的否定答案。其目的是通过常见例子吸引读者注意，自然引入“一次性塑料重复使用”的主题。故选B。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在语境“Single-use plastics leach(滤出)chemicals and shed microplastics (微塑料) into your environment.( 一次性塑料会向周围环境中滤出化学物质，并……微塑料。)”以及下文“A single-use plastic water bottle sheds micro and nano plastics into your water when you refill it, and a takeout container or frozen meal tray sheds these particles into your food. (当你用一次性塑料水瓶反复接水时，它会向水中释放微塑料和纳米塑料；而外卖餐盒或冷冻食品托盘则会向食物中释放这些微粒。)”可知，“shed”与前文“leach”为并列关系，且下文明确说明一次性塑料水瓶会向水中释放微塑料和纳米塑料，由此可推断“shed”意为“释放、排出”。选项A“give out”，意为“释放”，与此相符。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Chemical exposure increases if plastic is heated, typically in a microwave, a dishwasher or even by placing hot food in a takeout container. (如果塑料处于受热环境（通常是用微波炉加热、放入洗碗机清洗，甚至是往外卖餐盒里装热食），化学物质的释放量会增加。)”以及第三段“Concerns with chemicals and microplastics primarily apply to food, experts said, because you are eating them. (专家说，对化学物质和微塑料的担忧主要适用于食物，因为你正在吃它们。)”可知，一次性塑料接触食品受热后会加速塑料释放化学物质和微塑料，这些有害物质会随食物被人体摄入，危害健康。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Reuse is one of the core rules of sustainability (可持续性). But should you be reusing these single-use plastics? Experts say no. (重复利用是可持续发展的核心原则之一，但这类一次性塑料真的能重复使用吗？专家给出的答案是否定的。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要围绕“一次性塑料能否重复使用”展开，先通过日常例子引出问题，再详细说明重复使用会释放化学物质和微塑料，最后补充非接触食品类一次性塑料的使用建议。选项B“Reusing Single-use Plastics Is Harmful (重复使用一次性塑料有害)”精准概括了全文内容，适合作标题。故选B。 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·湖北黄冈中学·期中）Urban agriculture, the practice of farming within the limits of a city, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide and is considered a way to make cities and urban food systems more sustainable. Despite strong evidence of the social and nutritional benefits of urban agriculture, its carbon footprint remains understudied. Most previously published studies have focused on high-tech, energy-intensive forms of urban agriculture —such as vertical (垂直的) farms and rooftop greenhouses. The new study aimed to fill some of the knowledge gaps by comparing the carbon footprints of food produced at low-tech urban agriculture sites to conventional crops. The researchers calculated the greenhouse gas emissions (排放) associated with on-farm materials and activities over the lifetime of the farm. The emissions, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents per serving of food, were then compared to foods raised by conventional methods. Farmers and gardeners at urban agriculture sites across the world were employed to use daily diary entries to take down inputs—the materials used to construct farms and cultivate crops—and harvests from their food-growing sites throughout the 2019 season. “By assessing actual inputs and outputs on urban agriculture sites, we were able to determine climate change impacts to each serving of produce,” says study co-lead author Benjamin Goldstein, assistant professor in the School for Environment and Sustainability. On average, food produced through urban agriculture released 0.42 kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents per serving, six times higher than the 0.07 kg CO2e per serving of conventionally grown produce. It’s also found that most of the climate impacts at urban farms are driven by the infrastructure (基础设施), such as the raised beds in which food is grown, or pathways between plots. “These farms typically only operate for a few years, so the greenhouse gases used to produce those materials are not used effectively. Conventional agriculture, instead, is very efficient and hard to compete with”, Goldstein says. For example, conventional farms often grow a single crop with the help of pesticides and fertilizers, resulting in larger harvests and a reduced carbon footprint when compared to urban farms, he says. 1.What is a benefit of urban agriculture? A. Sustainable food supply. B. High food output. C. Effective energy conservation. D. Low carbon footprint. 2.How is the research data collected? A. By accessing online database. B. By examining previous studies. C. By conducting personal interviews. D. By recording information every day. 3.What could be done to reduce carbon footprint according to Goldstein? A. Increase varieties of crops. B. Extend infrastructure lifetimes. C. Promote rooftop greenhouses. D. Use modern agriculture facilities. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. The benefits of traditional crops. B. The popularity of urban agriculture. C. The strategies to fight global warming. D. The carbon footprint of urban farm produce. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于城市农场产品的碳足迹的研究。研究发现，城市农场产品的碳足迹比传统农场碳足迹高很多，同时探讨了解决方案。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Urban agriculture, the practice of farming within the limits of a city, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide and is considered a way to make cities and urban food systems more sustainable.(城市农业，即在城市范围内耕种的做法，在世界范围内越来越受欢迎，被认为是使城市和城市粮食系统更具可持续性的一种方式)”可知，城市农业的一个好处是能让城市和城市粮食系统更具有可持续性，故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Farmers and gardeners at urban agriculture sites across the world were employed to use daily diary entries to take down inputs—the materials used to construct farms and cultivate crops—and harvests from their food-growing sites throughout the 2019 season.(在2019年的整个季节，世界各地的城市农业站点的农民和园丁都被雇佣使用每日日记条目来记录投入——用于建造农场和种植作物的材料——以及他们的食物种植站点的收成)”可知，该研究收集数据的方式是让农民和园丁用日记条目的方式记录城市农场的投入与产出，故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“These farms typically only operate for a few years, so the greenhouse gases used to produce those materials are not used effectively.(这些农场通常只经营几年，因此用于生产这些材料的温室气体没有得到有效利用)”可知，降低城市农场农产品的碳足迹需要充分利用基础设施设备，即延长使用年限，故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Urban agriculture, the practice of farming within the limits of a city, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide and is considered a way to make cities and urban food systems more sustainable. Despite strong evidence of the social and nutritional benefits of urban agriculture, its carbon footprint remains understudied.(城市农业，即在城市范围内耕种的做法，在世界范围内越来越受欢迎，被认为是使城市和城市粮食系统更具可持续性的一种方式。尽管有强有力的证据表明城市农业的社会和营养效益，但其碳足迹仍未得到充分研究)”结合文章主要介绍了一项关于城市农场产品的碳足迹的研究。研究发现，城市农场产品的碳足迹比传统农场碳足迹高很多，同时探讨了解决方案。即这篇文章主要讲的是城市农产品的碳足迹。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $