第一次月考高分冲刺Unit1-2_语法精讲精练 2026-2027学年人教英语八年级上册

八年级英语 Units 1—2 语法精讲精练 Unit 1 Happy Holiday　Unit 2 Home Sweet Home（讲练合一，共 40 题） 一、适用对象与编写依据 本资料供八年级上学期阶段复习（第一次月考范围）使用，依据 Unit 1 与 Unit 2 的 Grammar Focus 编写，把语法知识点讲解与配套练习合并成一份，便于一张讲义讲练结合。Unit 1 的语法是不定代词（-one / -body、-thing、-where 三组），Unit 2 的语法是 can / could 表请求与许可，共五个考点。 二、结构与体量 部分 内容 题量 分值 第一部分 语法知识点讲解（五个知识点，每个含考查要求、构成形式、用法要点、课本依据、易错清单） — — 第二部分　一 单项选择（每个考点 4 题） 20 20 第二部分　二 用所给词的适当形式填空（每个考点 4 题） 20 20 合计 配套练习 40 40 表1 本资料的结构与题量 三、使用说明 建议先用讲解部分带学生过一遍五个知识点，讲到哪里就做对应的考点题组；也可以整份印发后让学生先读讲解、再限时 40 分钟完成配套练习。题号前的【基础】【提升】【挑战】是难度标记：基础题直接考结构形式，提升题加入时态、主谓一致等条件，挑战题把语法点放进较长的语境里判断。基础较弱的同学先完成前两级，学有余力的再完成挑战级。 1. 讲解部分的「课本依据」全部取自 Unit 1、Unit 2 的 Grammar Focus 板块，标注了板块与小题号，需要时可回课本核对。 2. 本资料按人教版（2026）八年级上册 Unit 1、Unit 2 的 Grammar Focus 编写，不绑定任何地市卷型、不使用任何已公开试题，各地使用人教版教材的班级均可直接使用。 第一部分　语法知识点讲解 知识点一　不定代词（-one / -body 组） 考查要求 中考主要考三件事：someone 与 anyone 在肯定句、否定句、疑问句中的选择；no one 与 none、everyone 与 all 的区别；这类词作主语时谓语用单数还是复数。 此外常与 every one、any one 分开写的写法一起辨析。 构成形式 （1）someone / somebody　某人（用于肯定句，或表示请求、建议的疑问句） （2）anyone / anybody　任何人（用于否定句、疑问句或条件句） （3）no one / nobody　没有人（本身表示否定，句中不再用 not） （4）everyone / everybody　每人、人人（看作单数，谓语用单数） 用法要点 （1）someone、anyone 等的用法与 some、any 一致：肯定句用 someone，否定句和疑问句用 anyone；表示“想请对方做某事”的疑问句仍用 someone，如 Would you like something to drink? （2）no one 与 nobody 同义，作主语时后面不能再加 not，谓语用单数：No one knows the answer. （3）everyone 表示“人人”，但语法上是单数：Everyone loves it. 与之相对的 all 才是复数。 （4）这类词后面可以跟 else：Who else was there? / Anyone else? （5）它们在句中也可以作宾语、介词宾语：I met someone interesting. / He didn’t talk to anyone. 课本依据 · I didn’t go anywhere special, but I tried something new — I worked as a tour guide at a museum.（Unit 1 Grammar Focus 3a，否定句中用 anything 类的词，肯定句中用 something 类的词） · No, nothing special. But I met someone interesting.（Unit 1 Grammar Focus 3a，someone 作 met 的宾语，形容词 interesting 后置） · So, did you go there with anyone?（Unit 1 Grammar Focus 3b，疑问句用 anyone） · Someone says the scenery around the West Lake is so beautiful.（Unit 1 Grammar Focus 3b，someone 作主语，谓语用单数 says） · Everyone loved it.（Unit 1 Grammar Focus 3a，everyone 作主语，谓语用单数 loved） 易错清单 · 否定句中误用 someone：× I didn’t see someone in the room.（应为 anyone） · no one 与 not 重复：× No one doesn’t know him. · everyone 当作复数：× Everyone are here. · someone 与 any one、everyone 与 every one 混写：someone 指“某人”，any one 指“任何一个”，everyone 指“人人”，every one 指“每一个（东西）”。 知识点二　不定代词（-thing 组）与形容词后置 考查要求 中考主要考 something、anything、nothing、everything 的选用，形容词修饰它们时的位置，以及这类词作主语时的谓语形式。 构成形式 （1）something / anything / nothing / everything + 形容词 （2）形容词、不定式修饰这类词时都放在后面：something new（新的东西）、something to read（可读的东西） （3）none of、nothing but 等固定搭配 用法要点 （1）something 用于肯定句或表示邀请、请求的疑问句；anything 用于否定句和疑问句；nothing 本身是否定，句中不再用 not。 （2）形容词修饰这类词时必须后置：I read something interesting. 不能说 interesting something。 （3）这类词作主语时谓语用单数：Everything tastes good. / Nothing is impossible. （4）nothing but 表示“只有、只不过”：I could do nothing but stay in the hotel. （5）something、anything 等后面接不定式表示要做的事：I have something important to tell you. 课本依据 · I could do nothing but stay in the hotel.（Unit 1 Grammar Focus 3c，nothing but 表示“只能”） · I felt bored, so I decided to look for something to read.（Unit 1 Grammar Focus 3c，不定式 to read 后置修饰 something） · Yes, we did! Everything tasted good, especially the steamed chicken soup.（Unit 1 Grammar Focus 3a，everything 作主语，谓语用单数 tasted） · Did you do anything interesting on your holiday?（Unit 1 Grammar Focus 3b，疑问句用 anything，形容词后置） · I got you something as a gift.（Unit 1 Grammar Focus 3b，something 作 got 的宾语） 易错清单 · 形容词放在前面：× I want to eat new something. · 否定句中用 something：× I don’t want something to eat. · 谓语用复数：× Everything are ready. · nothing 与 not 重复：× I don’t know nothing about it. 知识点三　不定代词（-where 组）与 by oneself 考查要求 中考主要考 somewhere、anywhere、nowhere、everywhere 的选用，以及 oneself 与 by oneself 的用法；这几个词也常与一般过去时的假期话题一起考查。 构成形式 （1）somewhere / anywhere / nowhere / everywhere（地点副词） （2）-self 类反身代词：myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves、themselves （3）by oneself = alone（独自）；enjoy oneself = have a good time（玩得开心） 用法要点 （1）somewhere 用于肯定句，anywhere 用于否定句与疑问句，nowhere 本身是否定（无处），everywhere 表示“到处”。 （2）形容词修饰 somewhere 等时同样后置：I want to go somewhere quiet. （3）地点副词前面的 to 要去掉：go somewhere 不能说 go to somewhere。 （4）by oneself 表示“独自”，主语是 I 时用 myself，是 we 时用 ourselves。 （5）have nothing to do、nothing but 与 nowhere to sit 一类表达常连用，注意句意是否已经含否定。 课本依据 · Like everyone else, I was ready to go on a holiday somewhere.（Unit 1 Grammar Focus 3c，肯定句用 somewhere） · I chose a town near my city, but no one could join me, so I went by myself.（Unit 1 Grammar Focus 3c，by myself 表示“独自一人”） · Look at the sky! How amazing!（Unit 1 Grammar Focus 3c，与 nowhere、someone 一起出现在同一语段中） · 课本 Unit 1 语段中还有 nothing but stay in the hotel、look for something to read 等表达，可用来判断句意是否已经含否定。 易错清单 · 画蛇添足加介词：× go to somewhere quiet · 反身代词用错人称：× I went by yourself. / × She made it by himself. · 否定句误用 somewhere：× I can’t find it somewhere. · nowhere 后再加 not：× There was nowhere we couldn’t sit. 知识点四　can / could 表请求（请对方做某事） 考查要求 中考主要考 Could you please …? 句型的构成与答语，could 与 can 的语气差别，以及答语中 at once、No problem 等固定表达。 构成形式 （1）Can / Could you + 动词原形 + …?（请你……好吗？） （2）Can / Could you please + 动词原形 + …?（语气更客气） （3）肯定答语：OK. / Sure. / Of course. / No problem. / I’ll do it at once. （4）否定答语：Sorry, I can’t. / Sorry, but you have to … first. 用法要点 （1）could 不是过去式，而是比 can 更客气的说法，回答时仍常用 can：—Could you help me? —Sure, I can. （2）这类句子的动词一定用原形：Could you please sweep the floor? （3）表示“请别人别做某事”用否定形式：Could you please not make so much noise? （4）答语中 at once 表示“立刻”，pack up 表示“收拾好”，hang up 表示“挂起来”。 （5）拒绝时先说 Sorry，再给出理由，是英语中礼貌回应的常规做法。 课本依据 · Could you please sweep the floor? — OK, Mum. I’ll do it at once.（Unit 2 Grammar Focus 3a，请求与答语） · Can you help me hang up the photos? — Sure. No problem!（Unit 2 Grammar Focus 3a，请求与答语） · Could you give me a ride to town now?（Unit 2 Grammar Focus 3b，请求搭车） · Yes, if you are careful with it.（Unit 2 Grammar Focus 3b，答应对方请求时给出的条件） · You are holding a large box. It is difficult to open the door.（Unit 2 Grammar Focus 3c，情境中的求助场景） 易错清单 · 动词用过去式或加 ing：× Could you helped me? / × Could you helping me? · 把 could 的答语答成 Yes, I could. 这类不自然的说法（用 Sure. / No problem. 更常见）。 · 在请求句里用 do you like 之类结构，破坏 Can / Could you + 动词原形 的框架。 知识点五　can / could 表许可（请求对方同意） 考查要求 中考主要考 Can / Could I …? 句型与答语，can’t 表示“不允许”，以及 need to、have to、must、don’t have to 等与许可相关的表达。 构成形式 （1）Can / Could / May I + 动词原形 + …?（我可以……吗？） （2）肯定答语：Yes, of course. / Sure. / Yes, good idea! （3）否定答语：No, you can’t. / Sorry, you can’t. / You’d better not. （4）与许可搭配的表达：need to do sth.、have to do sth.、don’t have to（不必）、mustn’t（不许） 用法要点 （1）Can I …? 用于日常口语，Could I …? 更客气，May I …? 最正式，答语都用 can。 （2）表示“不允许”用 can’t；表示“不必”用 don’t have to 或 needn’t，两者意思不同，不能混用。 （3）同意对方提议时常用 Yes, good idea!；拒绝时说明理由，如 you have a basketball game tomorrow。 （4）not … until 表示“直到……才”，常与许可、时间限制一起出现：I can’t stay out until eleven o’clock. （5）与 can 连用的动词一律用原形。 课本依据 · Could I hang out with my friends after lunch? — Sorry, Jim, but you have to pack up your things first.（Unit 2 Grammar Focus 3a，请求许可与婉拒） · Can I put some flowers on the table? — Yes, good idea!（Unit 2 Grammar Focus 3a，许可与赞同） · No, you can’t. You have a basketball game tomorrow, remember? You need a good rest.（Unit 2 Grammar Focus 3b，can’t 表示不允许，并给出理由） · Can I go to the movies? — Of course. … I can’t. I have to do some work now.（Unit 2 Grammar Focus 3b） · B: Yes, if you are careful with it.（Unit 2 Grammar Focus 3b，给出允许的条件） 易错清单 · 混淆 can’t 与 don’t have to：前者是“不许”，后者是“不必”。 · 答语中重复 could：× —Could I leave now? —Yes, you could.（更自然是 Yes, you can.） · need to 与 can 混搭：× You can need to finish it first. 第二部分　配套练习（共 40 题） 一、单项选择（第 1—20 题，每小题 1 分） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 考点一　不定代词（-one / -body 组）（第 1—4 题） 1. 【基础】— Did you see ____ in the classroom just now? — No, everyone went to the playground. 　　A. anyone　B. someone　C. everyone　D. no one 2. 【提升】The room was dark and quiet. ____ was there, but the light was still on. 　　A. Someone　B. No one　C. Anyone　D. Everyone 3. 【提升】____ in our class likes Mr Wang, because he often tells jokes in his lessons. 　　A. Anyone　B. Someone　C. Everyone　D. No one 4. 【挑战】— Is ____ here today? — No. Li Ming is ill and he is at home. 　　A. everything　B. anyone　C. someone　D. everyone 考点二　不定代词（-thing 组）与形容词后置（第 5—8 题） 5. 【基础】I am hungry. I would like ____ to eat, please. 　　A. anything　B. something　C. nothing　D. everything 6. 【提升】I looked out of the window, but I could see ____ because of the heavy rain. 　　A. nothing　B. something　C. anything　D. everything 7. 【提升】There is ____ new in today’s newspaper. Look at the photo on page 3. 　　A. anything　B. nothing　C. everything　D. something 8. 【挑战】It was my first day at the new school, and I was afraid that I would do ____ wrong. 　　A. anything　B. nothing　C. something　D. everything 考点三　不定代词（-where 组）与 by oneself（第 9—12 题） 9. 【基础】— Where did you go on holiday? — I didn’t go ____ interesting. I just stayed at home. 　　A. somewhere　B. nowhere　C. anywhere　D. everywhere 10. 【提升】This park is really beautiful. Let’s go ____ quiet and sit down for a while. 　　A. anywhere　B. nowhere　C. everywhere　D. somewhere 11. 【提升】My grandpa is over seventy, but he goes ____ by bike and never takes a bus. 　　A. everywhere　B. somewhere　C. anywhere　D. nowhere 12. 【挑战】There was ____ to sit in the small café, so we had our tea standing by the window. 　　A. somewhere　B. nowhere　C. anywhere　D. everywhere 考点四　can / could 表请求（第 13—16 题） 13. 【基础】— ____ you please pass me the book on the desk? — Here you are. 　　A. Must　B. Need　C. Should　D. Could 14. 【提升】— Could you help me carry this heavy box upstairs? — ____ 　　A. Not at all.　B. It doesn’t matter.　C. Sure. No problem!　D. That’s all right. 15. 【提升】— Could you please sweep the floor while I am cooking? — OK, Mum. I’ll do it ____. 　　A. at last　B. at once　C. at first　D. at all 16. 【挑战】— Could I use your phone for a minute? Mine is ____. — Sure. Here you are. 　　A. dead　B. died　C. death　D. dying out 考点五　can / could 表许可（第 17—20 题） 17. 【基础】— Can I watch TV for a while, Mum? — Of course. But you ____ finish your homework first. 　　A. must　B. mustn’t　C. needn’t　D. can’t 18. 【提升】— Can I put some of my photos on the wall? — Yes, ____! The wall looks too empty now. 　　A. of course not　B. good idea　C. you’d better not　D. never mind 19. 【提升】— Could I hang out with my friends after lunch? — Sorry, Jim, but you ____ pack up your things first. 　　A. don’t have to　B. needn’t　C. have to　D. mustn’t 20. 【挑战】— Can I stay out until eleven o’clock tonight? — No, you ____. You have a basketball game tomorrow, remember? 　　A. needn’t　B. don’t have to　C. wouldn’t　D. can’t 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（第 21—40 题，每小题 1 分） 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空；括号内有两个词时，选择正确的一个填入。 考点一　不定代词（-one / -body 组）（第 21—24 题） 21. 【基础】____ is waiting for you at the school gate. He says his name is Peter.　（some） 22. 【提升】— Did ____ call me while I was out?　（any） — Yes, a woman called Lucy. 23. 【提升】____ in our class lives near the school, so we all take the bus every morning.　（no） 24. 【挑战】The teacher said that ____ should bring a pair of gloves to the community clean-up.　（every） 考点二　不定代词（-thing 组）与形容词后置（第 25—28 题） 25. 【基础】Would you like ____ to drink before we start?　（something / anything） 26. 【提升】— What did you find in the old box?　（nothing / everything） — ____. It was empty inside. 27. 【提升】Is there ____ new about the school trip in today’s notice?　（anything / something） 28. 【挑战】Grandma’s biscuits are really delicious. ____ on the plate was gone in five minutes.　（everything / nothing） 考点三　不定代词（-where 组）与 by oneself（第 29—32 题） 29. 【基础】It is a fine day today. Let’s go ____ warm and have a picnic.　（somewhere / anywhere） 30. 【提升】I looked for my keys ____ in the house, but I still could not find them.　（everywhere / nowhere） 31. 【提升】There is ____ to buy water near the park, so take some with you.　（nowhere / somewhere） 32. 【挑战】You may sit ____ you like — all the seats in the hall are free.　（anywhere / somewhere） 考点四　can / could 表请求（第 33—36 题） 33. 【基础】Could you please ____ me your dictionary for a minute?　（lend） 34. 【提升】— Could you ____ me finish the work before six?　（help） — No problem. 35. 【提升】Could you please ____ up all your things on the desk before dinner?　（pack） 36. 【挑战】Could you please ____ your name again? I did not catch it clearly just now.　（say） 考点五　can / could 表许可（第 37—40 题） 37. 【基础】Mum, can I ____ computer games for half an hour after dinner?　（play） 38. 【提升】— Can I go to the movies tonight?　（be） — Yes, if you ____ back before nine. 39. 【提升】Excuse me, could I ____ your bike this afternoon? Mine is broken.　（use） 40. 【挑战】— Can I put my photos on the wall?　（hang） — Yes, good idea. You can ____ them up beside the window. 第三部分　参考答案 一、答案速查 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 第 1—10 题 A B C D B A D C C D 第 11—20 题 A B D C B A A B C D 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 题号 答案 题号 答案 21 Someone 31 nowhere 22 anyone 32 anywhere 23 No one 33 lend 24 everyone 34 help 25 something 35 pack 26 Nothing 36 say 27 anything 37 play 28 Everything 38 are 29 somewhere 39 use 30 everywhere 40 hang 人教版（2026）八年级上册　Unit 1—2　语法精讲精练　 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $