精品解析：山西大同某校2026-2027学年高二上学期9月阶段检测英语试题

2026—2027—1高二年级九月学情检测 英语试卷 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分） 第一部分 听力理解（共两节，满分20分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What encouraged the man during the race? A. His strong willpower. B. The prize for winners. C. The cheers from classmates. 2. How will the girl go to her friend’s home? A. By subway. B. By car. C. By bicycle. 3. What does the woman do every day? A. She exercises. B. She sits in the park. C. She feeds the ducks. 4. What makes Linda angry? A. Tom left the drink out. B. Tom studied too loudly. C. Tom drank all the juice. 5. Why does the man write diaries? A. To practice his English. B. To reflect on his day. C. To improve his sleep. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。 6. Which city does the man like best? A. Liverpool. B. London. C. Manchester. 7. What will the speakers do next? A. Enjoy some artworks. B. Watch a football match. C. Visit a famous stadium. 听下面一段对话，回答8-9两个小题。 8. How does Linda feel? A. Excited. B. Annoyed. C. Disappointed. 9. What major did Linda choose? A. Physics. B. Management. C. Engineering. 听下面一段对话，回答10-12三个小题。 10. Why did the man miss the bus to the airport? A. He got up too late. B. He made a mistake in the times of the bus. C. He failed to notice the bus when it came. 11. When was the man’s flight scheduled to take off? A. At 7 am. B. At 9 am. C. At 11:30 pm. 12. How did the man get to the airport? A. By taxi. B. By subway. C. By bus. 听下面一段对话，回答13-16四个小题。 13. When did the man start to volunteer? A. In 2020. B. In 2021. C. In 2022. 14. Why does the man choose to volunteer after retirement? A. To avoid feeling lonely. B. To develop a new hobby. C. To use his knowledge to help others. 15. What volunteer activity did the man used to do? A. He taught in local schools. B. He offered food to the homeless. C. He acted as a guide in his hometown. 16. What does the man gain from volunteering? A. A sense of achievement. B. A sense of purpose. C. A sense of honor. 听下面一段独白，回答17-20四个小题。 17. Who is the man? A. A helpline advisor. B. A school teacher. C. A personal trainer. 18. What makes the woman feel bad? A. Being glued to her phone. B. Trying hard to please her family. C. Comparing herself with others online. 19. What does the man advise the woman to do? A. Stop using social media. B. Improve her online image. C. Value real-life connections. 20. What does the woman think she needs? A. Someone to comfort her. B. More family support. C. Some personal time. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Job Advertisement: Bioacoustics Researcher The San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance is seeking a Post-Doctoral Associate in machine learning for a three-year bioacoustics project. This position reports to Scientist level or higher in the Conservation Science & Wildlife Health department. The successful candidate will apply their skills to problems like identifying species in field recordings, improving data analysis methods, and developing tools for biodiversity monitoring. Requirement ● Oversee assigned research projects. ● Collect, process, and enter research data. ● Perform experiments and measurements. ● Interpret and analyze research results and revises procedures as necessary. ● Establish and maintain databases. ● Document research methodology and results. ● Prepare progress reports. ● Conduct and oversee investigations of study subjects. The work will use existing datasets from global locations, including the Peruvian Amazon, Kenya’s savannas, and projects involving polar bears. The ideal candidate holds a doctoral degree in computer science or a related field, with a focus on machine learning. Strong skills in Python programming and experience with tools like PyTorch are required. Experience in bioacoustics is preferred. This position offers the chance to work with diverse collaborators, including university faculty specializing in machine learning. For more information, visit the Alliance’s official careers page. 1. What is a key responsibility for the researcher in this position? A. Overseeing the health of pandas and polar bears. B. Improving data analysis methods for social media. C. Using machine learning to analyze sound data. D. Giving lectures to university faculty. 2. What background is most preferred for the ideal candidate? A. A PhD with a focus on machine learning. B. Experience in managing projects in the Peruvian Amazon. C. A doctoral degree in veterinary medicine. D. Strong skills in biodiversity monitoring without a PhD. 3. Which of the following would most likely lead to an unsuccessful application? A. Having skills in Python programming. B. Proposing to collect new datasets in the field. C. Lacking experience with machine learning frameworks. D. Being willing to work with diverse collaborators. B A new study has found that breathing does more than just move air in and out of your lungs — it could even be used to identify who you are. Scientists at Israel’s Weizmann Institute of Science discovered that each person has a distinct breathing pattern, known as a nasal (鼻的) breathing “fingerprint”, a unique pattern that reveals clues about a person’s physical and mental health. Notably, brain scientist Timna Soroka shared, “We were able to identify differences between less depressed and non-depressed individuals.” The researchers originally set out to better understand how our sense of smell works. In humans, the brain processes smell during inhalation (吸入), and this close connection between the brain and breathing led the team to wonder: could our breathing patterns reflect the way our brains are wired — and be unique to each of us? To explore this question, they developed a lightweight, wearable device that tracks nasal airflow continuously for 24 hours. The study, published in the journal Current Biology, tested 100 healthy young adults as they went about their regular routines — running, studying, resting, and more. The results showed breathing patterns can identify individuals with 96.8 percent accuracy. “I thought it would be really hard to identify someone because everyone is doing different things,” said Soroka. “But it turns out their breathing patterns were remarkably distinct!” Beyond individual identification, the study also found clear links between breathing patterns and body mass index (BMI), sleep-wake cycles, and mental health traits such as anxiety and depression. For example, people who scored higher on anxiety tests tended to have shorter inhalation periods. Importantly, the researchers noted that they merely know there is an association between breathing and mood, but they haven’t figured out the cause-and-effect direction — whether feeling anxious changes breathing, or a certain breathing pattern causes anxiety. If the latter is true, changing how we breathe could potentially improve mood. However, the current device has drawbacks: it uses soft tubes under the nose that can be uncomfortable to wear and may slip during sleep, and it doesn’t track mouth breathing. The team is working on improving the device and further exploring the breathing-mood connection to unlock more practical applications. 4. Why does the author compare breathing patterns to fingerprints in paragraph 1? A. To argue a medical point. B. To illustrate their uniqueness. C. To introduce a new invention. D. To discuss mental health issues. 5. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 3? A. The identification results were reliable. B. It involved participants of different ages. C. It was difficult to tell one person from another. D. It tested people under specially designed conditions. 6. What is the researchers’ current understanding of the breathing-mood link? A. They know it exists but not how it works. B. They have found a clear causal relationship. C. They are confident it can be used for treatment. D. They believe mood entirely controls breathing. 7. What is the main finding of the study? A. Breathing patterns can identify individuals. B. Anxiety is linked to shorter inhalation periods. C. Breathing patterns reveal identity and health clues. D. A wearable device tracks nasal airflow continuously. C At any bus stop or in a queue, most people couldn’t help keeping their heads down, scrolling (滚屏) on their phones. But studies suggest that if you resist that urge and let your mind wander instead, you may gain some surprising benefits. We seem to do anything to avoid being alone with our thoughts. Social psychology professor Erin Westgate compares the common mindless scrolling to “brain candy” which offers temporary pleasure, yet is of little meaning. She adds that what is of real meaning is high-order thinking leading to human achievements. Many people fear boredom, but this fear is often overstated. In a 2022 study conducted by Murayama, university students were asked to sit alone for 20 minutes with nothing to do but think. Though they had expected the wait to be unbearable, most ended up enjoying it far more than predicted — finding the empty time just as pleasant as scrolling on a phone would have made it. We badly underestimate how rewarding it can be to simply follow our own thoughts. Mind-wandering is a distinct human gift that boosts learning. In one study, Vékony and her colleagues(2023) found that when learners’ minds wandered, their brains slipped into brief, sleep-like “offline” moments. In these quiet pauses, freshly learned material was strengthened and allowed to take root. Mind-wandering is also key to problem-solving. People often find solutions better after unfocused thinking than intentional effort alone, especially during routine tasks like driving or showering. Even when people are not actively thinking, their brains remain active in a so-called default mode (默认模式), allowing ideas to connect in new ways. It’s especially helpful for complex problems. Daydreaming boosts social and emotional connections too. A study found that imagining pleasant interactions with loved ones made people feel closer. Social daydreaming allows individuals to practice conversations, reflect on past interactions, and prepare for future social situations. Murayama says he now tries to resist checking his phone during short waits and lets his thoughts wander. He finds that simply entertaining oneself mentally can be both satisfying and meaningful. 8. Why is mindless phone scrolling compared to “brain candy”? A. It does harm to the brain over time. B. It replaces higher-order thinking. C. It pleases us instantly but lacks meaning. D. It tastes sweet but is extremely hard to give up. 9. Why does the author mention the 2022 study? A. To reveal the pleasure of daydreaming. B. To show the fear of boredom is exaggerated. C. To state that the fear of boredom is common. D. To highlight the limits of mindless scrolling. 10. What does paragraph 5 imply about the “default mode”? A. Unfocused thinking sparks ideas. B. Intentional effort brings new ideas. C. Complex tasks require active minds. D. Routines involve little brain activity. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Stay Focused in the Age of Smartphones. B. Rediscover the Joy of Being Truly Alone. C. Unlock the Power of Your Wandering Mind. D. Uncover the Hidden Benefits of Social Daydreaming. D Ramirez Castafieda, a Colombian biologist, spends her time in the Amazon studying how snakes eat poisonous frogs without getting ill. Although her findings come in many shapes and sizes, she and her colleagues have struggled to get their biological discoveries out to the wider research community. With Spanish as her mother tongue, her research had to be translated into English to be published. That wasn’t always possible because of budget or time — and it means that some of her findings were never published. “It’s not that I’m a bad scientist,” she says. “It’s just because of the language.” Castaneda is not alone. There is plenty of research in non-English-language papers that gets lost in translation, or is never translated. A research looked through more than 400,000 peer-reviewed papers in 16 different languages and found about 1,200 studies providing evidence on biodiversity conservation which, because they weren’t in English, may have been overlooked. These included Japanese-language findings on the effectiveness of relocating the endangered Blakiston’s fish owl, the largest owl species. Some experts claim that from a global perspective, all findings should be integrated into one shared academic language. Nowadays science has developed into a global field with growing cross-border exchanges, so a universal academic language brings huge benefits to worldwide research cooperation. Of course, scientists can work with an English partner, or use a translator — but this ultimately strengthens the cycle of dependency on the global north, leading to inequality in international influence. The specific meanings of words can also pose a problem in translation. For example, it is difficult to find in English one single word to describe forest snakes and frogs in the work Castafieda does with indigenous (土著的) communities in the Amazon. “So we’re losing observations for science, too,” says Castafeda. “For me, it’s not possible to just have everything translated into English. We need multilingual (多语种的) science, and we need people that feel comfortable doing science in their own languages. It could be possible to switch to a world where, say, Chinese, English and Spanish are the three languages of science, just as English, French and German were the languages of science in the 19th century.” 12. What prevented Castafeda’s discoveries from being more widely known? A. Poor management. B. The language obstacle. C. Her bad reputation. D. Opposition from her colleagues. 13. Why do some scholars advocate a single universal language for science? A. To break down all translation barriers thoroughly. B. To remove inequality among global scientists. C. To facilitate cross-border academic communication. D. To save massive funds consumed on translating papers. 14. What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning forest snakes and frogs in paragraph 5? A. The significance of reserving rare species. B. The challenges in translating research texts. C. The demand for adopting one global language. D. The biodiversity on the South American continent. 15. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. Rainforest Research: A Colombian Biologist’s Scientific Struggles B. English Dominance: Unseen Losses for Global Academic Studies C. Language Barriers: The Need for Linguistic Diversity in Research D. Single Scientific Language: Advantages for Cross-border Cooperation 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Happy Person’s Retreat (退让) Principle Many people regard giving in to conflicts as weakness or surrender. Yet psychologists put forward a meaningful concept: the Happy Person’s Retreat Principle. ____16____ It is a wise, rational and intelligent choice rather than timidity (怯懦). The core logic behind this principle is easy to understand. People living stable, fulfilling lives have precious things to cherish: warm families, healthy bodies, steady careers and inner peace. ____17____ In contrast, those trapped in negative lives have little to lose, so they tend to argue fiercely over trivial things and risk everything to win a fight. ____18____ Imagine you encounter a rude fight on the road. If you choose to fight back angrily, you may get caught in a fierce argument or even physical conflict. The momentary sense of victory will cost you your good mood, precious time and even personal safety. However, stepping back calmly helps you skip unnecessary trouble immediately. This principle never means blind tolerance for all unfair treatment. ____19____ When your basic rights, personal safety or moral bottom line are seriously violated, you have every reason to defend yourself firmly. Retreat only works when the conflict is meaningless and brings no positive value to your life. Learning to apply this psychological rule brings lasting benefits. It saves you from endless emotional consumption and keeps your inner world peaceful. ____20____ True happiness lies in guarding your own happy life instead of winning every meaningless dispute. A. Here is a typical daily example to illustrate this principle clearly. B. It finally allows you to focus energy on what truly matters to you. C. Many people misunderstand the real meaning of personal happiness. D. We should never give up our principles to avoid temporary conflicts. E. Blind giving-in will only encourage others to treat you improperly. F. It explains why happy people prefer to retreat from pointless conflicts. G. Getting involved in quarrels will make them lose more valuable happiness. 第三部分 语言知识运用（共三节，满分55分） 第一节：完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Growing up on the Tongan island of Vava’u, Silva McLeod didn’t know being a pilot was a possible career. Flying was a ___21___ for little Silva. She knew her future was quite ___22___ — she would marry and have babies like the other women there. But every time an aircraft flew over, she ___23___ raced outside to see, fascinated by the people operating these machines.   McLeod’s first flight ___24___ was in 1981 when she flew with her husband Ken from Vava’u to his hometown Melbourne. It was disastrous. They were flying in terrible weather and the pilots made ___25___ in English, which most Tongan passengers couldn’t understand.   After that, McLeod ___26___ her fantasy of learning about aviation, and Ken was supportive. But ___27___ got in the way. Her move to Australia ___28___ much more than relocating — she had to learn so much to adjust. Soon, there were children ___29___ the mix.   It was not until her 32nd birthday when Ken ____30____ her with an introductory training flight acceptance letter that her life took a turn. Chipping away year by year, course by course, McLeod ____31____ worked her way toward becoming a pilot. In 1992, she finally ____32____ her mission and became the first Tongan woman pilot. In 2023, her memoir Island Girl to Airline Pilot was published detailing her ____33____ journey.  “Never just look to the top of the mountain,” she says ____34____ advice. “Because that’s when you quit. It’s too high, too hard. But if you just ____35____ that step in front, chip away bit by bit, before you know it, you have advanced right up halfway to the mountain.” 21. A. goal B. fantasy C. concern D. request 22. A. unchangeable B. promising C. significant D. unbearable 23. A. even B. always C. never D. also 24. A. training B. arrangement C. experience D. performance 25. A. conversations B. comments C. announcements D. negotiations 26. A. understood B. discounted C. recognized D. admitted 27. A. tragedy B. life C. finance D. discrimination 28. A. required B. improved C. reflected D. weighed 29. A. escaping from B. cleaning up C. added to D. addicted to 30. A. disturbed B. transformed C. consulted D. presented 31. A. slowly B. secretly C. temporarily D. casually 32. A. exchanged B. accomplished C. discovered D. accepted 33. A. heartbreaking B. round-trip C. peaceful D. incredible 34. A. in addition to B. by comparison with C. in search of D. by way of 35. A. pick out B. focus on C. speed up D. skip away 第二节：语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 课文语法填空 Known as the “father of hybrid rice”, Yuan Longping always considered ___36___ (he) a farmer. As a young man, Yuan was concerned about farmers’ poor harvests and shortage of food to eat. To tackle this problem, he ___37___ (choose) to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College.  After graduating, Yuan worked as a researcher. He was ___38___ (convince) that the solution lay in the creation of hybrid rice rather than larger fields, which was then against the common assumption ___39___ it could not be done. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties and developed the first high-yielding hybrid rice, enabling farmers to increase their output greatly ___40___ expanding the fields. Today it’s estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice ___41___ (consume) consists of crops ___42___ (generate) from Yuan’s hybrid strains.  Despite Yuan’s invaluable contributions and great achievements, he never lived ___43___ life of leisure. Instead, he devoted his whole life to ___44___ (fulfill) his dreams. He was indeed a great scientist, ___45___ deserves our greatest respect. 第三节：单句语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空或根据上下文填出正确的词）（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 46. In ancient times, the pipa was a popular instrument among scholars and artists, many of ________ wrote poems and music inspired by the pipa. (用适当的词填空) 47. It is no use ________ (complain) without taking practical action. (所给词的适当形式填空) 48. Helen was straightening _____ her bedroom when she heard her mother crying for help in the kitchen. (用适当的词填空) 49. The book mainly deals with the trouble teens might have ______ (distinguish) right from wrong. 50. We all believe ________ you have devoted yourself to is sure to come true. (用适当的词填空) 51. _________（overcome）all her fear and tension, she put on a good show in the competition. (所给词的适当形式填空) 52. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a ______ (deep) of about 3，300 feet—as far as most light can reach. 53. Caught on the spot, he had no alternative but ______________(admit) the mistake. 54. ________ (give) that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. (所给词的适当形式填空) 55. With Teachers’ Day ________(approach), our class decided to hold a party to celebrate it. （所给词的适当形式填空） 第四部分：书面表达（满分35分） 第一节：应用文写作（满分20分） 56. 假定你是光明中学英文社社长李华。为拓宽同学们的文学视野，你社计划举办一场英美文学讲座。请你写一封邮件，邀请附近高校的Aries教授来校开展英美文学讲座。 内容包括：1. 时间地点；2. 讲座主题；3. 期待收获。 注意：1. 词数80词左右；2. 适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Aries, I’m Li Hua. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第二节：读后续写（满分15分） 57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I’d always been told to take care of my older brother, Brian, who was born weak and small. I’d often tie his shoes or prepare another glass of water for him. My mom saw my larger size and strong body as a sign that I was to be a kind of guardian angel (守护天使) for Brian. However, that was not the case. One day our school sponsored a pumpkin-carving contest. First prize was $100, and I knew just how I would spend it. There was a brand-new game I was dying to own. So I decided the first place bonus definitely had to land in my pocket. When I had to carve the perfect pumpkin I’d picked out, it dawned on me that with my big clumsy fingers I’d surely screw it up (搞砸). I thought of Brian’s smaller, delicate hands and knew he was the man for the job. I immediately begged Brian. Unexpectedly, he asked for a cut. That was fifty-fifty. Quickly doing the math in my head, I figured out even if I split (分摊) the first prize, I’d still have enough cash for the game. So I gave in to Brian’s demands. With skillful hands Brian carved the perfect face, and now we had the best pumpkin ever. Then the unexpected happened: We came in second. Unfortunately, second prize was only $50, and I needed every penny of that to buy the game. The day of the awards ceremony, the principal handed over the money to me because Brian was home, sick with cold. If he really wanted to win, he would have been here today, I thought to myself, justifying stealing the cash from under poor Brian’s runny nose. With hardly a thought, I ran to the store and bought my dream game. That night when Brian asked if we had won, I denied, afraid to look into his eyes. The whole thing was never mentioned again until the day when Brian was packing for college. I played my usual role in helping him pack when I came across an old album filled with photos he had taken as the school photographer. I was enjoying the photos when one caught my eye. It was a picture of the pumpkin we had carved together. Underneath, Brian had written, “My first real win with my brother. Even if we didn’t get first, it was a victory because we worked as a team.” Seeing those words, a wave of guilt washed over me. I remembered how I had selfishly taken all the money and lied to him. I realized how much I had let him down. I turned to Brian, ready to confess everything. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “You actually knew and didn’t say anything?” I was shocked. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026—2027—1高二年级九月学情检测 英语试卷 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分） 第一部分 听力理解（共两节，满分20分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What encouraged the man during the race? A. His strong willpower. B. The prize for winners. C. The cheers from classmates. 2. How will the girl go to her friend’s home? A. By subway. B. By car. C. By bicycle. 3. What does the woman do every day? A. She exercises. B. She sits in the park. C. She feeds the ducks. 4. What makes Linda angry? A. Tom left the drink out. B. Tom studied too loudly. C. Tom drank all the juice. 5. Why does the man write diaries? A. To practice his English. B. To reflect on his day. C. To improve his sleep. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。 6. Which city does the man like best? A. Liverpool. B. London. C. Manchester. 7. What will the speakers do next? A. Enjoy some artworks. B. Watch a football match. C. Visit a famous stadium. 听下面一段对话，回答8-9两个小题。 8. How does Linda feel? A. Excited. B. Annoyed. C. Disappointed. 9. What major did Linda choose? A. Physics. B. Management. C. Engineering. 听下面一段对话，回答10-12三个小题。 10. Why did the man miss the bus to the airport? A. He got up too late. B. He made a mistake in the times of the bus. C. He failed to notice the bus when it came. 11. When was the man’s flight scheduled to take off? A. At 7 am. B. At 9 am. C. At 11:30 pm. 12. How did the man get to the airport? A. By taxi. B. By subway. C. By bus. 听下面一段对话，回答13-16四个小题。 13. When did the man start to volunteer? A. In 2020. B. In 2021. C. In 2022. 14. Why does the man choose to volunteer after retirement? A. To avoid feeling lonely. B. To develop a new hobby. C. To use his knowledge to help others. 15. What volunteer activity did the man used to do? A. He taught in local schools. B. He offered food to the homeless. C. He acted as a guide in his hometown. 16. What does the man gain from volunteering? A. A sense of achievement. B. A sense of purpose. C. A sense of honor. 听下面一段独白，回答17-20四个小题。 17. Who is the man? A. A helpline advisor. B. A school teacher. C. A personal trainer. 18. What makes the woman feel bad? A. Being glued to her phone. B. Trying hard to please her family. C. Comparing herself with others online. 19. What does the man advise the woman to do? A. Stop using social media. B. Improve her online image. C. Value real-life connections. 20. What does the woman think she needs? A. Someone to comfort her. B. More family support. C. Some personal time. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Job Advertisement: Bioacoustics Researcher The San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance is seeking a Post-Doctoral Associate in machine learning for a three-year bioacoustics project. This position reports to Scientist level or higher in the Conservation Science & Wildlife Health department. The successful candidate will apply their skills to problems like identifying species in field recordings, improving data analysis methods, and developing tools for biodiversity monitoring. Requirement ● Oversee assigned research projects. ● Collect, process, and enter research data. ● Perform experiments and measurements. ● Interpret and analyze research results and revises procedures as necessary. ● Establish and maintain databases. ● Document research methodology and results. ● Prepare progress reports. ● Conduct and oversee investigations of study subjects. The work will use existing datasets from global locations, including the Peruvian Amazon, Kenya’s savannas, and projects involving polar bears. The ideal candidate holds a doctoral degree in computer science or a related field, with a focus on machine learning. Strong skills in Python programming and experience with tools like PyTorch are required. Experience in bioacoustics is preferred. This position offers the chance to work with diverse collaborators, including university faculty specializing in machine learning. For more information, visit the Alliance’s official careers page. 1. What is a key responsibility for the researcher in this position? A. Overseeing the health of pandas and polar bears. B. Improving data analysis methods for social media. C. Using machine learning to analyze sound data. D. Giving lectures to university faculty. 2. What background is most preferred for the ideal candidate? A. A PhD with a focus on machine learning. B. Experience in managing projects in the Peruvian Amazon. C. A doctoral degree in veterinary medicine. D. Strong skills in biodiversity monitoring without a PhD. 3. Which of the following would most likely lead to an unsuccessful application? A. Having skills in Python programming. B. Proposing to collect new datasets in the field. C. Lacking experience with machine learning frameworks. D. Being willing to work with diverse collaborators. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是圣迭戈动物园野生动物联盟（San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance）发布的一则招聘广告，招聘一位机器学习领域的博士后研究员，参与一个为期三年的生物声学项目。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance is seeking a Post-Doctoral Associate in machine learning for a three-year bioacoustics project.(圣地亚哥动物园野生动物联盟正在招聘一位机器学习领域的博士后助理，参与一项为期三年的生物声学项目)”和第二段“The successful candidate will apply their skills to problems like identifying species in field recordings, improving data analysis methods, and developing tools for biodiversity monitoring.(成功入选的候选人将运用其专业技能来解决诸如在实地录音中识别物种、改进数据分析方法以及开发用于生物多样性监测的工具等各类问题)”可知，在这个职位上，研究人员的主要职责是利用机器学习分析声音数据。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The ideal candidate holds a doctoral degree in computer science or a related field, with a focus on machine learning.(理想的候选人应拥有计算机科学或相关领域的博士学位，并侧重于机器学习方向)”可知，最理想的候选人背景是拥有聚焦于机器学习的博士学位。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Strong skills in Python programming and experience with tools like PyTorch are required.(需要具备扎实的Python编程技能以及使用诸如PyTorch等工具的经验)”可知，拥有如PyTorch这类机器学习框架的经验是硬性要求，因此缺乏使用机器学习框架的经验最有可能导致申请失败。故选C。 B A new study has found that breathing does more than just move air in and out of your lungs — it could even be used to identify who you are. Scientists at Israel’s Weizmann Institute of Science discovered that each person has a distinct breathing pattern, known as a nasal (鼻的) breathing “fingerprint”, a unique pattern that reveals clues about a person’s physical and mental health. Notably, brain scientist Timna Soroka shared, “We were able to identify differences between less depressed and non-depressed individuals.” The researchers originally set out to better understand how our sense of smell works. In humans, the brain processes smell during inhalation (吸入), and this close connection between the brain and breathing led the team to wonder: could our breathing patterns reflect the way our brains are wired — and be unique to each of us? To explore this question, they developed a lightweight, wearable device that tracks nasal airflow continuously for 24 hours. The study, published in the journal Current Biology, tested 100 healthy young adults as they went about their regular routines — running, studying, resting, and more. The results showed breathing patterns can identify individuals with 96.8 percent accuracy. “I thought it would be really hard to identify someone because everyone is doing different things,” said Soroka. “But it turns out their breathing patterns were remarkably distinct!” Beyond individual identification, the study also found clear links between breathing patterns and body mass index (BMI), sleep-wake cycles, and mental health traits such as anxiety and depression. For example, people who scored higher on anxiety tests tended to have shorter inhalation periods. Importantly, the researchers noted that they merely know there is an association between breathing and mood, but they haven’t figured out the cause-and-effect direction — whether feeling anxious changes breathing, or a certain breathing pattern causes anxiety. If the latter is true, changing how we breathe could potentially improve mood. However, the current device has drawbacks: it uses soft tubes under the nose that can be uncomfortable to wear and may slip during sleep, and it doesn’t track mouth breathing. The team is working on improving the device and further exploring the breathing-mood connection to unlock more practical applications. 4. Why does the author compare breathing patterns to fingerprints in paragraph 1? A. To argue a medical point. B. To illustrate their uniqueness. C. To introduce a new invention. D. To discuss mental health issues. 5. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 3? A. The identification results were reliable. B. It involved participants of different ages. C. It was difficult to tell one person from another. D. It tested people under specially designed conditions. 6. What is the researchers’ current understanding of the breathing-mood link? A. They know it exists but not how it works. B. They have found a clear causal relationship. C. They are confident it can be used for treatment. D. They believe mood entirely controls breathing. 7. What is the main finding of the study? A. Breathing patterns can identify individuals. B. Anxiety is linked to shorter inhalation periods. C. Breathing patterns reveal identity and health clues. D. A wearable device tracks nasal airflow continuously. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. A 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新研究发现每个人的呼吸模式独特，可揭示健康信息并用于个体识别，研究者还在探索呼吸与情绪的联系及改进设备。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Scientists at Israel’s Weizmann Institute of Science discovered that each person has a distinct breathing pattern, known as a nasal (鼻的) breathing “fingerprint”, a unique pattern that reveals clues about a person’s physical and mental health.(以色列魏茨曼科学研究所的科学家发现，每个人都有独特的呼吸模式，被称为鼻腔呼吸“指纹”，这种独特的模式揭示了有关一个人身心健康状况的线索。)”可知，作者将呼吸模式比作指纹是为了说明呼吸模式的独特性。故选B。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The results showed breathing patterns can identify individuals with 96. 8 percent accuracy.(结果显示，呼吸模式可以以96.8%的准确率识别个体。)”可知，该研究的识别结果是可靠的。故选A。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Importantly, the researchers noted that they merely know there is an association between breathing and mood, but they haven’t figured out the cause-and-effect direction — whether feeling anxious changes breathing, or a certain breathing pattern causes anxiety.(重要的是，研究人员指出，他们只是知道呼吸和情绪之间存在关联，但他们还没有弄清楚因果关系——是感到焦虑改变了呼吸，还是某种呼吸模式导致了焦虑。)”可知，研究人员目前知道呼吸和情绪之间存在联系，但不知道其运作方式。故选A。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Scientists at Israel’s Weizmann Institute of Science discovered that each person has a distinct breathing pattern, known as a nasal (鼻的) breathing “fingerprint”, a unique pattern that reveals clues about a person’s physical and mental health.(以色列魏茨曼科学研究所的科学家发现，每个人都有独特的呼吸模式，被称为鼻腔呼吸“指纹”，这种独特的模式揭示了有关一个人身心健康状况的线索。)”可知，这项研究的主要发现是呼吸模式既能识别身份，也能透露健康线索。故选C。 C At any bus stop or in a queue, most people couldn’t help keeping their heads down, scrolling (滚屏) on their phones. But studies suggest that if you resist that urge and let your mind wander instead, you may gain some surprising benefits. We seem to do anything to avoid being alone with our thoughts. Social psychology professor Erin Westgate compares the common mindless scrolling to “brain candy” which offers temporary pleasure, yet is of little meaning. She adds that what is of real meaning is high-order thinking leading to human achievements. Many people fear boredom, but this fear is often overstated. In a 2022 study conducted by Murayama, university students were asked to sit alone for 20 minutes with nothing to do but think. Though they had expected the wait to be unbearable, most ended up enjoying it far more than predicted — finding the empty time just as pleasant as scrolling on a phone would have made it. We badly underestimate how rewarding it can be to simply follow our own thoughts. Mind-wandering is a distinct human gift that boosts learning. In one study, Vékony and her colleagues(2023) found that when learners’ minds wandered, their brains slipped into brief, sleep-like “offline” moments. In these quiet pauses, freshly learned material was strengthened and allowed to take root. Mind-wandering is also key to problem-solving. People often find solutions better after unfocused thinking than intentional effort alone, especially during routine tasks like driving or showering. Even when people are not actively thinking, their brains remain active in a so-called default mode (默认模式), allowing ideas to connect in new ways. It’s especially helpful for complex problems. Daydreaming boosts social and emotional connections too. A study found that imagining pleasant interactions with loved ones made people feel closer. Social daydreaming allows individuals to practice conversations, reflect on past interactions, and prepare for future social situations. Murayama says he now tries to resist checking his phone during short waits and lets his thoughts wander. He finds that simply entertaining oneself mentally can be both satisfying and meaningful. 8. Why is mindless phone scrolling compared to “brain candy”? A. It does harm to the brain over time. B. It replaces higher-order thinking. C. It pleases us instantly but lacks meaning. D. It tastes sweet but is extremely hard to give up. 9. Why does the author mention the 2022 study? A. To reveal the pleasure of daydreaming. B. To show the fear of boredom is exaggerated. C. To state that the fear of boredom is common. D. To highlight the limits of mindless scrolling. 10. What does paragraph 5 imply about the “default mode”? A. Unfocused thinking sparks ideas. B. Intentional effort brings new ideas. C. Complex tasks require active minds. D. Routines involve little brain activity. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Stay Focused in the Age of Smartphones. B. Rediscover the Joy of Being Truly Alone. C. Unlock the Power of Your Wandering Mind. D. Uncover the Hidden Benefits of Social Daydreaming. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了人们习惯刷手机逃避独处思考的现状，通过多项研究证明，放空走神、思绪漫游并非浪费时间，反而能够巩固所学知识、解决难题、增进情感联结，拥有诸多隐藏益处。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文第二段“Social psychology professor Erin Westgate compares the common mindless scrolling to “brain candy” which offers temporary pleasure, yet is of little meaning.(社会心理学教授Erin Westgate将常见的无意识刷手机行为比作“大脑糖果”，它只能带来短暂的愉悦，却毫无实质意义。)”可知，无意识刷手机即时取悦大脑但缺乏内涵，因此被比作“大脑糖果”。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文第三段“Many people fear boredom, but this fear is often overstated. In a 2022 study conducted by Murayama, university students were asked to sit alone for 20 minutes with nothing to do but think. Though they had expected the wait to be unbearable, most ended up enjoying it far more than predicted (许多人惧怕无聊，但这种恐惧往往被夸大了。Murayama开展了一项2022年的研究，实验要求大学生独自静坐20分钟，全程只能放空思考。尽管他们原本以为这段煎熬的时光难以忍受，但绝大多数人最后发现，独处思考远比自己预想的要愉悦得多)”可知，作者列举2022年的研究，是为了证明人们对无聊、放空独处的恐惧是言过其实的。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文第五段“Even when people are not actively thinking, their brains remain active in a so-called default mode, allowing ideas to connect in new ways.(即使人们没有主动思考，大脑仍会在所谓的默认模式下保持活跃，让想法以全新的方式产生联结。)”可知，非专注的放空思考能够激发新思路、产生新想法。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据原文第一段“But studies suggest that if you resist that urge and let your mind wander instead, you may gain some surprising benefits.(但多项研究表明，如果你克制住刷手机的冲动，转而放空思绪、任由大脑自由漫游，你或许能收获一些意想不到的益处。)”并通读全文可知，文章层层阐述思绪漫游、放空走神在学习记忆、解决问题、社交情绪等方面的多重积极作用，核心是挖掘并介绍大脑放空思考的强大力量；因此最佳标题为“解锁思绪漫游的力量”。 D Ramirez Castafieda, a Colombian biologist, spends her time in the Amazon studying how snakes eat poisonous frogs without getting ill. Although her findings come in many shapes and sizes, she and her colleagues have struggled to get their biological discoveries out to the wider research community. With Spanish as her mother tongue, her research had to be translated into English to be published. That wasn’t always possible because of budget or time — and it means that some of her findings were never published. “It’s not that I’m a bad scientist,” she says. “It’s just because of the language.” Castaneda is not alone. There is plenty of research in non-English-language papers that gets lost in translation, or is never translated. A research looked through more than 400,000 peer-reviewed papers in 16 different languages and found about 1,200 studies providing evidence on biodiversity conservation which, because they weren’t in English, may have been overlooked. These included Japanese-language findings on the effectiveness of relocating the endangered Blakiston’s fish owl, the largest owl species. Some experts claim that from a global perspective, all findings should be integrated into one shared academic language. Nowadays science has developed into a global field with growing cross-border exchanges, so a universal academic language brings huge benefits to worldwide research cooperation. Of course, scientists can work with an English partner, or use a translator — but this ultimately strengthens the cycle of dependency on the global north, leading to inequality in international influence. The specific meanings of words can also pose a problem in translation. For example, it is difficult to find in English one single word to describe forest snakes and frogs in the work Castafieda does with indigenous (土著的) communities in the Amazon. “So we’re losing observations for science, too,” says Castafeda. “For me, it’s not possible to just have everything translated into English. We need multilingual (多语种的) science, and we need people that feel comfortable doing science in their own languages. It could be possible to switch to a world where, say, Chinese, English and Spanish are the three languages of science, just as English, French and German were the languages of science in the 19th century.” 12. What prevented Castafeda’s discoveries from being more widely known? A. Poor management. B. The language obstacle. C. Her bad reputation. D. Opposition from her colleagues. 13. Why do some scholars advocate a single universal language for science? A. To break down all translation barriers thoroughly. B. To remove inequality among global scientists. C. To facilitate cross-border academic communication. D. To save massive funds consumed on translating papers. 14. What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning forest snakes and frogs in paragraph 5? A. The significance of reserving rare species. B. The challenges in translating research texts. C. The demand for adopting one global language. D. The biodiversity on the South American continent. 15. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. Rainforest Research: A Colombian Biologist’s Scientific Struggles B. English Dominance: Unseen Losses for Global Academic Studies C. Language Barriers: The Need for Linguistic Diversity in Research D. Single Scientific Language: Advantages for Cross-border Cooperation 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述科研中的语言障碍，呼吁科研领域应当重视语言多样性。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“With Spanish as her mother tongue, her research had to be translated into English to be published. That wasn’t always possible because of budget or time — and it means that some of her findings were never published. (西班牙语是她的母语，她的研究必须翻译成英语才能发表。但受预算和时间限制，这并非总能实现，这就导致她的部分研究成果始终未能发表)”及第二段中“It’s not that I’m a bad scientist,” she says. “It’s just because of the language.” (她说：“并不是我能力不足，只是语言方面的问题。”)可知，语言障碍阻碍了Castafeda的研究成果被广泛知晓。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Nowadays science has developed into a global field with growing cross‑border exchanges, so a universal academic language brings huge benefits to worldwide research cooperation. (如今科学成为全球性领域，跨境交流增多，通用学术语言对全球科研合作大有裨益)”可知，部分学者提倡单一通用科学语言是为了促进跨境学术交流。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“The specific meanings of words can also pose a problem in translation. For example, it is difficult to find in English one single word to describe forest snakes and frogs in the work Castafieda does with indigenous (土著的) communities in the Amazon. (词语的特定含义也会给翻译带来难题。例如，在卡斯塔涅达与亚马孙地区土著社群开展的研究中，英语里找不到一个单独的单词，能够用来描述林中的蛇类与蛙类)”可知，作者举例意在说明科研文本翻译过程中存在的挑战。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段中“We need multilingual (多语种的) science, and we need people that feel comfortable doing science in their own languages.(我们需要多语种科研，需要科研人员可以用母语开展研究)”可知，全文围绕非英语科研成果因语言壁垒被忽视的现状展开，最终提出科研领域需要多语言生态的核心观点，C选项“语言壁垒：科研领域对语言多样性的需求”最贴合全文主旨，是文章的最佳标题。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Happy Person’s Retreat (退让) Principle Many people regard giving in to conflicts as weakness or surrender. Yet psychologists put forward a meaningful concept: the Happy Person’s Retreat Principle. ____16____ It is a wise, rational and intelligent choice rather than timidity (怯懦). The core logic behind this principle is easy to understand. People living stable, fulfilling lives have precious things to cherish: warm families, healthy bodies, steady careers and inner peace. ____17____ In contrast, those trapped in negative lives have little to lose, so they tend to argue fiercely over trivial things and risk everything to win a fight. ____18____ Imagine you encounter a rude fight on the road. If you choose to fight back angrily, you may get caught in a fierce argument or even physical conflict. The momentary sense of victory will cost you your good mood, precious time and even personal safety. However, stepping back calmly helps you skip unnecessary trouble immediately. This principle never means blind tolerance for all unfair treatment. ____19____ When your basic rights, personal safety or moral bottom line are seriously violated, you have every reason to defend yourself firmly. Retreat only works when the conflict is meaningless and brings no positive value to your life. Learning to apply this psychological rule brings lasting benefits. It saves you from endless emotional consumption and keeps your inner world peaceful. ____20____ True happiness lies in guarding your own happy life instead of winning every meaningless dispute. A. Here is a typical daily example to illustrate this principle clearly. B. It finally allows you to focus energy on what truly matters to you. C. Many people misunderstand the real meaning of personal happiness. D. We should never give up our principles to avoid temporary conflicts. E. Blind giving-in will only encourage others to treat you improperly. F. It explains why happy people prefer to retreat from pointless conflicts. G. Getting involved in quarrels will make them lose more valuable happiness. 【答案】16. F 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了心理学家提出的“快乐者退让原则”（The Happy Person’s Retreat Principle），阐明了其核心逻辑、适用边界与人生智慧。 【16题详解】 前文“Yet psychologists put forward a meaningful concept: the Happy Person’s Retreat Principle.(然而，心理学家提出了一种有意义的概念：快乐者的退让原则。)”刚提出“快乐者退让原则”这一概念，空后“It is a wise, rational and intelligent choice rather than timidity (怯懦).(这是一种明智、理性且富有智慧的选择，而非怯懦。)”紧接着说“这是明智、理性、智慧的选择，而非怯懦”。F 项“It explains why happy people prefer to retreat from pointless conflicts.(这也解释了为什么快乐的人更愿意远离毫无意义的争执。)”承接概念名称，进一步阐明该原则的核心内涵，即“快乐的人为什么选择退让”，与后文对其“明智而非怯懦”的评价形成自然衔接。 【17题详解】 前文“People living stable, fulfilling lives have precious things to cherish: warm families, healthy bodies, steady careers and inner peace.(拥有稳定、充实生活的人，往往珍视一些宝贵的东西：温暖的家庭、健康的身体、稳定的职业以及内心的平静。)”说生活稳定充实的人有家庭、健康、事业、内心平静等珍贵之物要珍惜；后文“In contrast, those trapped in negative lives have little to lose, so they tend to argue fiercely over trivial things and risk everything to win a fight.(相反，那些陷入负面生活状态的人几乎没有可失去的，因此他们往往为琐碎小事激烈争执，并不惜一切代价赢得一场争吵。)”用“In contrast（相比之下）”转而说生活消极的人没什么可失去，所以容易为小事激烈争吵。G项“Getting involved in quarrels will make them lose more valuable happiness.(卷入争吵会让他们失去更多珍贵的幸福。)”正好解释了为什么生活幸福的人不愿纠缠于冲突 —— 因为争吵会让他们失去更宝贵的东西，与后文“没什么可失去的人”构成鲜明对比。 【18题详解】 空后“Imagine you encounter rude fight on the road. If you choose to fight back angrily, you may get caught in a fierce argument or even physical conflict. The momentary sense of victory will cost you your good mood, precious time and even personal safety. However, stepping back calmly helps you skip unnecessary trouble immediately.(想象一下，你在路上遇到一场粗鲁的争执。如果你选择愤怒地反击，可能会陷入激烈的争吵，甚至引发肢体冲突。短暂的胜利感将让你失去好心情、宝贵的时间，甚至个人安全。而冷静地后退，则能让你立即避免不必要的麻烦。)”整段描述了“路上遇到粗鲁的人，愤怒反击vs冷静退让”的具体场景，是一个完整的日常事例。A 项“Here is a typical daily example to illustrate this principle clearly.(以下是一个典型的日常例子，用来清晰地说明这一原则。 )”起到了引出下文例子的过渡作用，逻辑衔接紧密。 【19题详解】 前文“This principle never means blind tolerance for all unfair treatment.(这一原则并不意味着盲目容忍所有不公。)”明确指出这个原则绝不意味着盲目容忍所有不公，后文“When your basic rights, personal safety or moral bottom line are seriously violated, you have every reason to defend yourself firmly.(当你的基本权利、人身安全或道德底线受到严重侵犯时，你完全有理由坚定地捍卫自己。)”说“当基本权利、人身安全或道德底线被严重侵犯时，你完全有理由坚定自卫”。D 项“We should never give up our principles to avoid temporary conflicts.(我们绝不能为了回避暂时的冲突而放弃自己的原则。)”承上启下，既呼应了“不盲目容忍”，又强调了坚守原则的重要性，与后文“捍卫底线”的论述高度一致。 【20题详解】 前文“It saves you from endless emotional consumption and keeps your inner world peaceful.(它能避免你陷入无休止的情绪消耗，保持内心世界的平静。)”列举了退让原则的两大好处：免于无尽的情绪消耗、保持内心平静；后文“True happiness lies in guarding your own happy life instead of winning every meaningless dispute.(真正的幸福在于守护属于自己的快乐生活，而非赢得每一次毫无意义的争执。)”升华到“真正的快乐在于守护自己的幸福生活，而不是赢得每一场无意义的争论”。B 项“It finally allows you to focus energy on what truly matters to you.(它最终能让你将精力集中在真正对你重要的事情上。)”继续补充第三个好处，且“专注于真正重要的事”与后文“守护幸福生活”形成递进，逻辑连贯。 第三部分 语言知识运用（共三节，满分55分） 第一节：完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Growing up on the Tongan island of Vava’u, Silva McLeod didn’t know being a pilot was a possible career. Flying was a ___21___ for little Silva. She knew her future was quite ___22___ — she would marry and have babies like the other women there. But every time an aircraft flew over, she ___23___ raced outside to see, fascinated by the people operating these machines.   McLeod’s first flight ___24___ was in 1981 when she flew with her husband Ken from Vava’u to his hometown Melbourne. It was disastrous. They were flying in terrible weather and the pilots made ___25___ in English, which most Tongan passengers couldn’t understand.   After that, McLeod ___26___ her fantasy of learning about aviation, and Ken was supportive. But ___27___ got in the way. Her move to Australia ___28___ much more than relocating — she had to learn so much to adjust. Soon, there were children ___29___ the mix.   It was not until her 32nd birthday when Ken ____30____ her with an introductory training flight acceptance letter that her life took a turn. Chipping away year by year, course by course, McLeod ____31____ worked her way toward becoming a pilot. In 1992, she finally ____32____ her mission and became the first Tongan woman pilot. In 2023, her memoir Island Girl to Airline Pilot was published detailing her ____33____ journey.  “Never just look to the top of the mountain,” she says ____34____ advice. “Because that’s when you quit. It’s too high, too hard. But if you just ____35____ that step in front, chip away bit by bit, before you know it, you have advanced right up halfway to the mountain.” 21. A. goal B. fantasy C. concern D. request 22. A. unchangeable B. promising C. significant D. unbearable 23. A. even B. always C. never D. also 24. A. training B. arrangement C. experience D. performance 25. A. conversations B. comments C. announcements D. negotiations 26. A. understood B. discounted C. recognized D. admitted 27. A. tragedy B. life C. finance D. discrimination 28. A. required B. improved C. reflected D. weighed 29. A. escaping from B. cleaning up C. added to D. addicted to 30. A. disturbed B. transformed C. consulted D. presented 31. A. slowly B. secretly C. temporarily D. casually 32. A. exchanged B. accomplished C. discovered D. accepted 33. A. heartbreaking B. round-trip C. peaceful D. incredible 34. A. in addition to B. by comparison with C. in search of D. by way of 35. A. pick out B. focus on C. speed up D. skip away 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Tongan(汤加)女子Silva McLeod如何克服重重困难，从对飞行充满幻想的女孩成长为汤加首位女飞行员的故事。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：飞行对于小Silva来说是一种幻想。A. goal目标；B. fantasy幻想；C. concern关心；D. request要求。根据后文“She knew her future was quite ___2___”及“her fantasy of learning about aviation”可知，Silva认为自己未来的生活是不可改变的，而飞行对她来说只是一种幻想。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她知道自己的未来是不可改变的——她会像那里的其他女人一样结婚生子。A. unchangeable不可改变的；B. promising有希望的；C. significant重要的；D. unbearable难以忍受的。根据后文“she would marry and have babies like the other women there”可知，Silva认为自己的未来会和岛上的其他女性一样，结婚生子，这是不可改变的。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但每当有飞机飞过，她总是跑到外面去看，对那些操作这些机器的人着迷。A. even甚至；B. always总是；C. never从不；D. also也。根据后文“But”及“fascinated by the people operating these machines”可知，Silva对于飞机和飞行员非常着迷，所以每当有飞机飞过，她总是跑到外面去看。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：McLeod的第一次飞行经历是在1981年，当时她和丈夫Ken从Vava’u飞到他的家乡墨尔本。A. training训练；B. arrangement安排；C. experience经历；D. performance表现。根据后文“when she flew with her husband Ken from Vava’u to his hometown Melbourne”可知，此处指的是McLeod的第一次飞行经历。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时天气很糟糕，飞行员用英语做飞行广播，大多数汤加乘客听不懂。A. conversations对话；B. comments评论；C. announcements通知；D. negotiations谈判。根据后文“in English, which most Tongan passengers couldn’t understand”可知，此处指的是飞行员用英语做的飞行广播或通知。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，McLeod承认了自己学习航空的幻想，Ken很支持她。A. understood理解；B. discounted忽视；C. recognized识别；D. admitted承认。根据后文“her fantasy of learning about aviation”可知，在经历了糟糕的飞行体验后，McLeod承认了自己对于飞行的幻想。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但生活阻碍了她。A. tragedy悲剧；B. life生活；C. finance财政；D. discrimination歧视。根据后文“Her move to Australia ___8___ much more than relocating — she had to learn so much to adjust.”可知，McLeod想要学习飞行，但是现实生活阻碍了她。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她搬到澳大利亚不仅仅是搬家——她必须学习很多东西来适应。A. required要求；B. improved提高；C. reflected反映；D. weighed称重。根据后文“she had to learn so much to adjust”可知，McLeod搬到澳大利亚，有很多东西需要学习来适应，即对她有很多要求。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：很快，孩子们也加入进来了。A. escaping from逃离；B. cleaning up打扫；C. added to增加；D. addicted to沉迷于。根据上文“After that, McLeod ___6___ her fantasy of learning about aviation, and Ken was supportive. But ___7___ got in the way. Her move to Australia ___8___ much more than relocating — she had to learn so much to adjust.”可知，McLeod原本想要学习飞行，但是现实生活阻碍了她，她不得不学习很多东西来适应澳大利亚的生活，而很快孩子们也加入到了这个家庭中，给她的生活又增加了负担。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到她32岁生日那天，Ken送给她一封介绍性飞行训练录取通知书，她的生活才发生了转折。A. disturbed打扰；B. transformed转变；C. consulted咨询；D. presented赠送，提出。根据后文“an introductory training flight acceptance letter”及“her life took a turn”可知，在Silva32岁生日那天，Ken送给她一封介绍性飞行训练录取通知书，这使她的生活发生了转折。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：年复一年，一课又一课，McLeod慢慢地朝着成为飞行员的道路前进。A. slowly慢慢地；B. secretly秘密地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. casually随意地。根据上文“It was not until her 32nd birthday when Ken ___10___ her with an introductory training flight acceptance letter that her life took a turn.”可知，Silva32岁时才开始学习飞行，所以要成为飞行员，只能慢慢地朝着目标前进。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1992年，她终于完成了使命，成为汤加第一位女飞行员。A. exchanged交换；B. accomplished完成；C. discovered发现；D. accepted接受。根据后文“and became the first Tongan woman pilot”可知，此处指的是McLeod完成了成为飞行员的使命。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2023年，她的回忆录《从岛上女孩到航空公司飞行员》出版，详细描述了她的不可思议的旅程。A. heartbreaking令人心碎的；B. round-trip往返的；C. peaceful和平的；D. incredible不可思议的。根据上文“In 1992, she finally ___12___ her mission and became the first Tongan woman pilot.”可知，McLeod成为了汤加第一位女飞行员，这是一段不可思议的旅程。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：“不要只盯着山顶看，”她说，以此作为忠告。A. in addition to除……之外；B. by comparison with与……相比；C. in search of寻找；D. by way of通过……方式，以……作为。根据后文“advice”可知，此处指的是McLeod把“不要只盯着山顶看”这句话作为忠告。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但如果你只关注眼前的那一步，一点一点地去掉阻碍，在不知不觉中，你就已经走到了半山腰。A. pick out挑出；B. focus on关注；C. speed up加速；D. skip away逃走。根据后文“that step in front, chip away bit by bit”可知，此处指的是要关注眼前的那一步，一点一点地去掉阻碍。故选B项。 第二节：语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 课文语法填空 Known as the “father of hybrid rice”, Yuan Longping always considered ___36___ (he) a farmer. As a young man, Yuan was concerned about farmers’ poor harvests and shortage of food to eat. To tackle this problem, he ___37___ (choose) to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College.  After graduating, Yuan worked as a researcher. He was ___38___ (convince) that the solution lay in the creation of hybrid rice rather than larger fields, which was then against the common assumption ___39___ it could not be done. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties and developed the first high-yielding hybrid rice, enabling farmers to increase their output greatly ___40___ expanding the fields. Today it’s estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice ___41___ (consume) consists of crops ___42___ (generate) from Yuan’s hybrid strains.  Despite Yuan’s invaluable contributions and great achievements, he never lived ___43___ life of leisure. Instead, he devoted his whole life to ___44___ (fulfill) his dreams. He was indeed a great scientist, ___45___ deserves our greatest respect. 【答案】36. himself 37. chose 38. convinced 39. that 40. without 41. consumption 42. generated 43. a 44. fulfilling 45. who 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平对农业的贡献。 【36题详解】 考查代词。句意：袁隆平以“杂交水稻之父”而著称，他一直认为自己是一个农民。设空处作considered的宾语，此处主语和宾语指同一个人，所以应填反身代词himself。故填himself。 【37题详解】 考查时态。句意：为了解决这个问题，他选择学习农业，并在西南农学院接受教育。设空处在句中作谓语，根据其后的and received可知，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填chose。 【38题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他坚信，解决方案在于培育杂交水稻，而不是扩大田地，这与人们普遍认为这是不可能的假设背道而驰。sb. be convinced that...表示“某人坚信……”，所以空处应用形容词convinced作表语。故填convinced。 【39题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：他坚信，解决方案在于培育杂交水稻，而不是扩大田地，这与人们普遍认为这是不可能的假设背道而驰。空处引导同位语从句，对空前名词assumption进行解释说明，从句不缺成分且语意完整，应用that引导。故填that。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：经过不懈努力，袁克服了巨大的技术困难，研制出了第一个高产杂交水稻，使农民在不扩大田地的情况下大大提高了产量。结合第二段第二句“He was __3__ that the solution lay in the creation of hybrid rice rather than larger fields, which was then against the common assumption __4__ it could not be done.”可知，此处表示“不(做某事)”，由without构成介词短语在句中作状语。故填without。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：如今，据估计，国内约60%的水稻消费量来自袁的杂交品种。设空处表示“消耗量”，所以应填名词consumption，为不可数名词，在本句中作主语。故填consumption。 【42题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：如今，据估计，国内约60%的水稻消费量来自袁的杂交品种。设空处在句中作crops的后置定语，generate表示“产生”，是及物动词，crops与generate构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以应填过去分词形式。故填generated。 【43题详解】 考查冠词。句意：尽管袁做出了宝贵的贡献和巨大的成就，但他从来没有过悠闲的生活。live a life of leisure意为“过着悠闲的生活”，为固定搭配。故填a。 【44题详解】 考查动名词。句意：相反，他毕生致力于实现他的梦想。devote one’s life to doing sth.是固定短语，意为“献身于做某事”，因此设空处用动名词形式作宾语。故填fulfilling。 【45题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他确实是一位伟大的科学家，值得我们尊敬。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词scientist指人，从句中缺少主语，因此用关系代词who。故填who。 第三节：单句语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空或根据上下文填出正确的词）（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 46. In ancient times, the pipa was a popular instrument among scholars and artists, many of ________ wrote poems and music inspired by the pipa. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【解析】 【详解】句意：在古代，琵琶在学者和艺术家中是一种流行的乐器，他们中的许多人以琵琶为灵感来源创作诗歌和音乐。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句修饰scholars and artists（指人），设空处作介词的宾语，应用关系代词whom。 47. It is no use ________ (complain) without taking practical action. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】complaining 【解析】 【详解】句意：不采取实际行动只是抱怨是没有用的。固定句型“It is no use doing sth.”意为“做某事没用”，It为形式主语，所以此处要用动名词作真正主语。 48. Helen was straightening _____ her bedroom when she heard her mother crying for help in the kitchen. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】up　 【解析】 【详解】考查介词和固定搭配。句意：海伦正在整理卧室，突然听到妈妈在厨房里喊救命。straighten up表示“整理; 收拾整齐,”为固定搭配。故填up。 49. The book mainly deals with the trouble teens might have ______ (distinguish) right from wrong. 【答案】distinguishing 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词。句意：这本书主要探讨青少年在明辨是非时可能遇到的困难。该句中teens might have...为省略关系词的定语从句修饰先行词the trouble，所以此处为have trouble (in) doing sth.结构，应使用动名词形式作宾语。故填distinguishing。 50. We all believe ________ you have devoted yourself to is sure to come true. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们都相信你全身心投入的事情一定会实现。believe后接省略that的宾语从句，该宾语从句的主语是连接词引导的主语从句，此主语从句缺少to 的宾语，指代“所投入的事物”，用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。 51. _________（overcome）all her fear and tension, she put on a good show in the competition. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Having overcome 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：克服了所有的恐惧和紧张之后，她在比赛中表现出色。she put on a good show in the competition为句子主干，逗号前为现在分词短语作状语，因为overcome与其逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，且动作先于句子谓语动词put发生，因此使用现在分词短语的完成式。又因其位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Having overcome。 52. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a ______ (deep) of about 3，300 feet—as far as most light can reach. 【答案】depth 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：这些动物生活在海面到深海3300英尺之间，是大多数光能到达的深度。冠词后用名词，a depth of深度达……，故填depth。 53. Caught on the spot, he had no alternative but ______________(admit) the mistake. 【答案】to admit 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于被当场抓到，他除了承认错误别无选择。have no alternative/choice but to do sth．为固定搭配，意为“除了做……别无选择”，故填to admit。 54. ________ (give) that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Given 【解析】 【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：鉴于袁隆平的杂交水稻让他相当富有，人们可能会认为他本可以退休过上悠闲的生活。given that...是固定结构，表示 “鉴于；考虑到” ，引导原因状语从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填Given。 55. With Teachers’ Day ________(approach), our class decided to hold a party to celebrate it. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】approaching 【解析】 【详解】考查with+复合结构。句意：随着教师节的临近，我们班决定举行一个晚会来庆祝教师节。根据句子结构分析可知，此处为with+复合结构。因主语Teacher’s Day与approach是主动关系，因此需使用现在分词形式。故填approaching。 第四部分：书面表达（满分35分） 第一节：应用文写作（满分20分） 56. 假定你是光明中学英文社社长李华。为拓宽同学们的文学视野，你社计划举办一场英美文学讲座。请你写一封邮件，邀请附近高校的Aries教授来校开展英美文学讲座。 内容包括：1. 时间地点；2. 讲座主题；3. 期待收获。 注意：1. 词数80词左右；2. 适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Aries, I’m Li Hua. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Aries, I’m Li Hua. I’m the president of the English Club at Guangming Middle School near your university. To broaden students’ literary horizons, I’m writing to sincerely invite you to give a lecture on English and American literature. The lecture will be held from 3:00 pm to 5:00 pm on October 15th in the school lecture hall. The topic we hope you can talk about is “The Development of Modern English Novels”. We believe your professional explanation will help us better understand British and American literary works. We would be greatly honored if you could accept our invitation. Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给Aries教授写封邀请信，请其开展英美文学讲座，告知时间地点和讲座主题，并表明期待。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 拓宽：broaden→expand/widen 解释：explanation→interpretation 理解：understand→appreciate/gain deeper insights into 荣幸的：honored→privileged 2. 句式拓展 简单句改为复合句 原句：To broaden students’ literary horizons, I’m writing to sincerely invite you to give a lecture on English and American literature. 拓展句：To broaden students’ literary horizons, I’m writing to sincerely invite you to give a lecture which focuses on English and American literature. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The topic we hope you can talk about is “The Development of Modern English Novels”. (使用了省略关系词的定语从句) 【高分句型2】We believe your professional explanation will help us better understand British and American literary works. (使用了省略that的宾语从句) 第二节：读后续写（满分15分） 57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I’d always been told to take care of my older brother, Brian, who was born weak and small. I’d often tie his shoes or prepare another glass of water for him. My mom saw my larger size and strong body as a sign that I was to be a kind of guardian angel (守护天使) for Brian. However, that was not the case. One day our school sponsored a pumpkin-carving contest. First prize was $100, and I knew just how I would spend it. There was a brand-new game I was dying to own. So I decided the first place bonus definitely had to land in my pocket. When I had to carve the perfect pumpkin I’d picked out, it dawned on me that with my big clumsy fingers I’d surely screw it up (搞砸). I thought of Brian’s smaller, delicate hands and knew he was the man for the job. I immediately begged Brian. Unexpectedly, he asked for a cut. That was fifty-fifty. Quickly doing the math in my head, I figured out even if I split (分摊) the first prize, I’d still have enough cash for the game. So I gave in to Brian’s demands. With skillful hands Brian carved the perfect face, and now we had the best pumpkin ever. Then the unexpected happened: We came in second. Unfortunately, second prize was only $50, and I needed every penny of that to buy the game. The day of the awards ceremony, the principal handed over the money to me because Brian was home, sick with cold. If he really wanted to win, he would have been here today, I thought to myself, justifying stealing the cash from under poor Brian’s runny nose. With hardly a thought, I ran to the store and bought my dream game. That night when Brian asked if we had won, I denied, afraid to look into his eyes. The whole thing was never mentioned again until the day when Brian was packing for college. I played my usual role in helping him pack when I came across an old album filled with photos he had taken as the school photographer. I was enjoying the photos when one caught my eye. It was a picture of the pumpkin we had carved together. Underneath, Brian had written, “My first real win with my brother. Even if we didn’t get first, it was a victory because we worked as a team.” Seeing those words, a wave of guilt washed over me. I remembered how I had selfishly taken all the money and lied to him. I realized how much I had let him down. I turned to Brian, ready to confess everything. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “You actually knew and didn’t say anything?” I was shocked. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： “You actually knew and didn’t say anything?” I was shocked. Brian just smiled gently and said, “I always knew. But I also knew that you needed that game more than the money at that time. And I was proud of our teamwork, not the prize. I hoped one day you’d understand the real meaning of winning together.” His words made me feel even more ashamed. I apologized sincerely, vowing to make it up to him. From then on, I truly understood my role as his guardian angel and the importance of true brotherhood. 【解析】 【导语】本文以兄弟情谊为线索展开，讲述了作者自小被要求照顾体弱多病的哥哥Brian。一次南瓜雕刻比赛中，作者利用哥哥灵巧的手合作参赛，获得第二名，却独吞奖金并撒谎说没获奖。多年后，作者看到哥哥在合影下写的文字，愧疚之下坦白。原来哥哥早已知情，却更珍视兄弟合作，作者领悟了守护的真谛。 【详解】1. 段落续写： 由段落首句可知，该段可描写哥哥Brian向作者解释自己知道事情的原委，但更珍视兄弟合作，作者深感愧疚，真诚道歉并承诺弥补，也理解了守护与兄弟情谊的意义。 2. 续写线索：作者询问——Brian告知真相——作者愧疚地道歉——作者领悟 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①道歉：apologize/say sorry/make an apology ②发誓：vow/swear/pledge 情绪类 ①羞愧的：ashamed/abashed ②真诚地：sincerely/genuinely/earnestly 【点睛】[高分句型1] But I also knew that you needed that game more than the money at that time. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] I apologized sincerely, vowing to make it up to him. (运用了现在分词短语作伴随状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $