内容正文:
人教版(新教材)七年级上册Unit 1 You and Me
单元核心语法精讲精练
核心语法1:一般现在时中 be 动词(am / is / are)的用法
知识点 1 be 动词的形式与主语匹配规则
be动词是英语中的基础系动词,在一般现在时里有三种形式:am、is、are,需要根据主语的人称和数来选择。
be动词
适用主语
例句解析
am
第一人称单数 I
I am a student.
解析:主语是I,be动词固定使用am
is
he / she / it;
单数可数名词;
不可数名词
She is my good friend.
解析:主语she是第三人称单数,be动词用is
are
we / you / they;
可数名词复数;
表复数含义的短语
Helen and Cindy are in China.
解析:主语Helen and Cindy是两个人,属于复数,be动词用are
💡记忆口诀:I用am,you用are,is连着he, she, it;单数主语用is,复数主语全用are。
知识点 2 be 动词的缩写规则
可缩写形式:
I am = I'm he is = he's you are = you're is not = isn't are not = aren't
三种情况不能缩写(考点):
1. 肯定的简短回答末尾不能缩写:Yes, it is.(不能写 Yes, it's.)
2. am 和 not 不能缩写:只能写 I'm not,不存在 I amn't
3. be动词放在句子末尾时,不能缩写
例:This is not my book, but that is.
解析:本句第二个 is 处在句子末尾,不能缩写成 that's。
知识点 3 be 动词的四种基础句式
句式
句子结构
例句解析
肯定句
主语 + be + 其他
The pen is on the desk.
解析:陈述事实,be动词紧跟主语
否定句
主语 + be + not + 其他
The pen isn't on the desk.
解析:be动词后直接加not构成否定
一般疑问句
Be + 主语 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + be.
否定回答:No, 主语 + be + not.
—Is the pen on the desk?
—Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
解析:把be动词提到句首构成问句
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 其他?
Where is the pen?
解析:特殊疑问词放句首,后面接一般疑问句语序
知识点 4 肯定句变一般疑问句的转换方法
1. 主语是 I(对话转换视角):I → you,am → are,be动词提前
I am a student. → Are you a student?
解析:原句主语 I,转为问句时要换成 you;对应的 be 动词 am 同步改为 are,再把 are 放到句首,句末改为问号。
2. 主语不是I:直接把be动词提到句首
Tom is a teacher. → Is Tom a teacher?
解析:主语 Tom 是第三人称单数,不用变换人称,直接将 be 动词 is 移到句子开头,句末变问号。
核心语法2:人称代词
知识点1 人称代词主格与宾格用法
人称代词用来指代人或事物,分为主格(作主语)和宾格(作宾语)。
人称
数
主格
(作主语)
宾格
(作宾语)
例句解析
第一人称
单数
I
me
I like him.
解析:I主格作主语;him宾格作宾语
复数
we
us
We help them.
解析:We主格作主语;them宾格作宾语
第二人称
单数
you
you
You know me.
解析:You主格;me宾格
复数
you
you
You see us.
解析:You主格;us宾格
第三人称
单数
he
she
it
him
her
it
She meets him.
解析:She主格;him宾格
复数
they
them
They help her.
解析:They主格;her宾格
> 规则:主格放句首作主语;宾格放在动词、介词后面作宾语。
例1:I know her. 解析:her放在动词know后,宾格。
例2:Look at him. 解析:him放在介词at后,宾格。
知识点2 多个人称代词并列作主语的顺序
1. 常规陈述句(介绍人物):第二人称 → 第三人称 → 第一人称
例:You, he and I are friends.
解析:习惯顺序you(你),he(他),I(我)。
2. 承担责任、道歉场景:第一人称 → 第二人称 → 第三人称
💡提示:主要用于选择题排序;实际表达多人认错多用 all of us,不建议直接罗列一串人称代词。
核心语法3:物主代词
知识点1 形容词性物主代词 & 名词性物主代词
物主代词表示所属关系,分为形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词两类。
形容词性物主代词后面必须接名词;名词性物主代词后面不能接名词,名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词。
人称
数
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
例句解析
第一人称
单数
my
mine
This is my cup. = This cup is mine.
解析:my后接名词cup;mine不再加名词,mine=my cup
复数
our
ours
This is our classroom. = This classroom is ours.
解析:our修饰名词;ours单独使用
第二人称
单数
your
yours
This is your book. = This book is yours.
解析:your后面接名词book;yours单独使用
复数
your
yours
These are your bags. = These bags are yours.
解析:your修饰名词bags;yours单独使用
第三人称
单数
his
her
its
his
hers
its
This is her pen. = This pen is hers.
解析:her修饰名词pen;hers单独使用
复数
their
theirs
That is their school. = That school is theirs.
解析:their修饰名词school;theirs单独使用
> 补充:形容词性物主代词与形容词共同修饰名词,顺序:形容词性物主代词 + 形容词 + 名词
> 例:My new bag is here. 解析:my放在形容词new前面。
知识点2 易混辨析:its 和 it's
单词
含义
用法
例句解析
its
它的
物主代词,无撇号,表所属,意为“它的”
The dog shakes its tail.
翻译:这只狗摇着它的尾巴
解析:its 指代前文的 the dog,修饰名词 tail
it's
它是
it is 的缩写,带撇号,意为“它是”
It's a dog.
翻译:它是一只小狗
解析:It's = It is,意为“它是”
考点精练
一、单项选择(共20小题)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( )1.—Good morning! ________ you Sonia?
—No. That girl ________ Sonia.
A.Are; am B.Is; am C.Are; is D.Is; is
2.Eric ________ your friend. Do you know ________ phone number?
A.is; are B.are; his C.is; is D.is; his
3.—________ Rick and Steve both your cousins?
—No. Only Steve ________ my cousin.
A.Is; is B.Is; are C.Are; are D.Are; is
4.Millie ________ my new classmate. We ________ both in Class 4, Grade 7.
A.is; are B.is; is C.are; are D.are; am
5.Mr. Smith is ________ art teacher. We all like ________ very much.
A.our; his B.our; him C.we; his D.we; him
6.—___________ your twin brother’s name Nick?
—Yes, ________ is.
A.Are; he B.Is; he C.Are; it D.Is; it
7.Millie’s eyes ________ dark brown and her hair ________ black.
A.is; is B.are; is C.are; are D.is; are
8.—Who is the woman over there?
—Miss Li. She is our teacher. She teaches ________ Chinese.
A.we B.our C.ours D.us
9.—Look! A pair of socks ________ under the chair.
—Yes, my brown trousers ________ under it too.
A.is; is B.is; are C.are; are D.are; is
10.—Who’s the girl in red?
—Sorry, I don’t know ________.
—________ is a new student.
A.she; She B.her; She C.her; Her D.she; Her
11.I ________ Lin Dong, My English name ________Gina.
A.am, am B.is, am C.am, is D.are , is
12.These are not ________ pens. Hers ________ on the desk.
A.her;is B.hers;is C.her;are D.hers;are
13.—Where’s your sister?
—I don’t know. Is ________ in the bedroom?
A.he B.she C.him D.her
14.Daniel and I ________ in Class 2. ________ are friends.
A.am; They B.am; We C.are; We D.are; They
15.—What's your telephone number?
—________ 478-5598.
A.I'm B.It C.It's D.Its
16.My father is a good doctor. ________ works hard to help his patients.
A.He B.Him C.His D.Himself
17.—What color ________ Mary's pencils?
—________ black.
A.are; It's B.is; They're C.is; It's D.are; They're
18.________ are good friends and we are all Chinese.
A.I, you and he B.You, he and I C.You, I and he. D.He, you and I
19.________ a cute cat and ________ name is Miaomiao.
A.Its; its B.It’s;its C.Its; it’s D.It’s; it’s
20.—Is this ________ computer?
—No, ________ is black.
A.you; me B.your; my C.yours; mine D.your; mine
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空(共15小题)
1.Look at the man with glasses. ________ (his) is Tom’s father.
2.—Is this your eraser?
—No, it’s not ________ (I).
3.Hello! This is ________ (I) friend. His name is Mike.
4.—Is this your eraser?
—No, it isn’t. It’s black. ________ (my) is pink.
5.Here ________ (be) a pen, a ruler and a book.
6.________ teachers often provide ________ with a lot of help.(they)
7.Those are her CDs. ________ (it) are on the chair.
8.Whose ping-pong bats are these, your brother’s or ________ (your)?
9.Just try ________ (you) best and work hard.
10.A pair of glasses ________ on the teacher’s desk in the classroom. (be)
11.Your feet are bigger than ________. (he)
12.Where are my pencils, Dale? I can’t find ________ (they).
13.Mr. Smith is a teacher from America. He teaches _________ (we) English history.
14.This is my cat and ________ (it) name is Kitty.
15.My cousin and I _________ (be) in the same school.
三、句型转换(共10小题)
按要求完成下列句子,每空一词。
1.I am a student.(改为一般疑问句)
________ ________ a student?
2.A pair of shoes is under the bed.(改为否定句)
A pair of shoes ________ ________ under the bed.
3.The potato plants are green.(改为否定句)
The potato plants ________ ________ green.
4.There is a lovely goose on the farm.(变成复数形式)
There ________ many lovely ________ on the farm.
5.The red ruler is mine.(改为一般疑问句)
________ the red ruler ________?
6.This is my pencil box. (改为一般疑问句)
________ this ________ pencil box?
7.Those are useful subjects.(改为单数句)
________ ________ useful subject.
8.This jacket is his.(改为同义句)
This is ________ ________.
9.My watch is under the chair.(改为一般疑问句)
________ ________ watch under the chair?
10.That boy is her brother.(对划线部分提问)
________ ________ that boy?
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答案解析
一、单项选择(共20小题)
1.答案:C。解析:第一空主语是you,be动词用Are;第二空主语that girl是第三人称单数,be动词用is,故选C。
2.答案:D。解析:主语Eric是第三人称单数,be动词用is;his是形容词性物主代词,修饰后面名词phone number,his phone number他的电话号码,故选D。
3.答案:D。解析:主语Rick and Steve是两个人,复数,be动词用Are;第二空主语Steve是第三人称单数,be动词用is,故选D。
4.答案:A。解析:主语Millie是第三人称单数,be动词用is;主语We是复数,be动词用are,故选A。
5.答案:B。解析:第一空后面有名词art teacher,用形容词性物主代词our我们的;动词like后面用人称代词宾格him作宾语,故选B。
6.答案:D。解析:主语your twin brother’s name是事物单数,be动词用Is;回答时代词it指代name,故选D。
7.答案:B。解析:主语Millie’s eyes是复数,be动词用are;hair是不可数名词,be动词用is,故选B。
8.答案:D。解析:固定搭配teach sb. sth.“教某人某物”,动词teach后面接人称代词宾格us作宾语,故选D。
9.答案:B。解析:a pair of socks作主语,谓语和pair保持一致,单数,be动词用is;trousers裤子本身是复数名词,be动词用are,故选B。
10.答案:B。解析:动词know后接人称代词宾格her;第二空作句子主语,用人称代词主格She,故选B。
11.答案:C。解析:主语I搭配be动词am;主语My English name是单数,be动词用is,故选C。
12.答案:A。解析:第一空后面有名词pens,用形容词性物主代词her;Hers指代her pen,单数概念,be动词用is,故选A。
13.答案:B。解析:指代sister女生,在句中作主语,用人称代词主格she,故选B。
14.答案:C。解析:主语Daniel and I是两个人,复数,be动词用are;第二空指代“Daniel和我”,作主语用We,故选C。
15.答案:C。解析:回答电话号码,用It’s +号码,It’s=It is;Its是物主代词“它的”,I’m我是,故选C。
16.答案:A。解析:空格处在句子开头作主语,指代my father,用人称代词主格He;him宾格,his物主代词,himself反身代词,故选A。
17.答案:D。解析:主语Mary's pencils是复数,be动词用are;回答用They’re(They are)指代复数pencils,故选D。
18.答案:B。解析:多个人称代词并列作主语,陈述句正常顺序:第二人称→第三人称→第一人称,即You, he and I,故选B。
19.答案:B。解析:It’s=It is 意为“它是”;its形容词性物主代词“它的”,修饰后面名词name;句意为:它是一只可爱的猫,它的名字叫苗苗,故选B。
20.答案:D。解析:第一空后面有名词computer,用形容词性物主代词your;第二空后面无名词,用名词性物主代词mine,mine=my computer,故选D。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空(共15小题)
1.答案:He。解析:本空在句首作主语,要用人称代词主格He;his是物主代词,不能单独作主语。
2.答案:mine。解析:后面没有名词,用名词性物主代词mine,mine=my eraser。
3.答案:my。解析:后面有名词friend,使用形容词性物主代词my修饰名词。
4.答案:Mine。解析:空格作句子主语,后面无名词,用名词性物主代词Mine,Mine=My eraser,句首首字母大写。
5.答案:is。解析:here be句型遵循就近原则,be动词由离它最近的a pen单数决定,故填is。
6.答案:Their;them。解析:第一空后有名词teachers,用形容词性物主代词Their;固定搭配provide sb. with sth.,动词后接宾格them。
7.答案:They。解析:指代复数CDs,在句中作主语,用人称代词主格They,句首大写。
8.答案:yours。解析:后面无名词,名词性物主代词yours,yours=your ping-pong bats。
9.答案:your。解析:固定短语try one’s best“尽某人最大努力”,用形容词性物主代词your。
10.答案:is。解析:a pair of glasses作主语,谓语和pair保持一致,单数,be动词填is。
11.答案:his。解析:后面无名词,名词性物主代词his,his=his feet。
12.答案:them。解析:动词find后面接人称代词宾格them作宾语,them指代pencils。
13.答案:us。解析:固定搭配teach sb. sth.,动词teach后接人称代词宾格us。
14.答案:its。解析:后面有名词name,形容词性物主代词its“它的”修饰name。
15.答案:are。解析:主语My cousin and I是两个人,复数,be动词用are。
三、句型转换(共10小题)(每空一词)
1.答案:Are you。解析:主语I变一般疑问句要转换人称改为you,be动词am对应改成Are并提前;句意:你是一名学生吗?
2.答案:is not。解析:a pair of shoes主语中心词pair是单数;否定句直接在be动词is后加not。
3.答案:are not。解析:主语the potato plants是复数,be动词are,否定直接are后加not。
4.答案:are;geese。解析:is复数变为are;goose“鹅”复数是geese。
5.答案:Is;yours。解析:把be动词is提前构成一般疑问句;后面无名词,名词性物主代词yours。
6.答案:Is;your。解析:be动词is提前;my在问句转换为形容词性物主代词your修饰pencil box。
7.答案:That’s a。解析:Those单数为That;are单数为is,That’s=That is;useful辅音音素开头,用a。
8.答案:his jacket。解析:同义句转换:This jacket is his.=This is his jacket;his形容词性物主代词修饰jacket。
9.答案:Is your。解析:be动词is提到句首;my转换为your修饰watch。
10.答案:Who is。解析:对人her brother提问用特殊疑问词Who;be动词is跟上主语that boy。
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