内容正文:
Unit 4 Our Memory 重点单词、短语用法讲练
目录
· 单元重难点单词、短语用法讲解
将单词、短语分层列出,突出重点词汇,便于记忆。
详细讲解重点单词和短语的用法,把握单词、短语的考点,便于全面掌握。
· 单元单词、短语用法练习
通过以下练习,在具体的语境中巩固单词、短语的用法,加深对单词、短语的记忆和理解。
单元重难点单词、短语用法讲解
一、单元单词、短语分层列举
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1. 课标重点单词、短语。
position /pəˈzɪʃn/ n. 位置;地方 v. 安置;使处于
sadness/ˈsædnəs/ n. 悲伤
run out (of sth)用完;耗尽
react /riˈækt/v. 作出反应;回应
mix up 混淆;弄乱
put sth to good use 有效使用(或利用)某物
brain /breɪn/ n. 脑;智力
retell /ˌriːˈtel/v. 复述
grandson /ˈɡrænsʌn/ n. 孙子;外孙
go through 经历;仔细察看
happen to 发生于;使遭遇
keep (...) in mind 记在心中;记住
case /keɪs/ n. 情况;事实
in sb’s case 就某人的情况而言
opera /ˈɒprə/ n. 歌剧;歌剧团
picnic /ˈpɪknɪk/ n. 野餐
pardon /ˈpɑːdn/v. 原谅 interj. 请再说一遍;抱歉
recall /rɪˈkɔːl/v. 回忆起;回想起
to start with首先
passage /ˈpæsɪdʒ/ n. 段落;走廊
likely /ˈlaɪkli/ adv. 很可能 adj. 可能的
wear out 使疲乏;磨损
discuss/dɪˈskʌs/v. 讨论;谈论;商量
organize /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/ (=organise) v. 安排;组织
view /vjuː/ v. 看;观看 n.观点;视野
effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 有效的
anxiety /æŋˈzaɪəti/ n. 焦虑;担心
address/əˈdres/ n. 地址
account /əˈkaʊnt/ n. 账户;账目
increase n. /ˈɪŋkriːs/ 增长 v. /ɪnˈkriːs/ 增加
blood /blʌd/ n. 血
wound /wuːnd/ n. 伤口;创伤 v. 使受伤
mall /mɔːl/ n. 购物商场
notebook /ˈnəʊtbʊk/ n. 笔记本;笔记本电脑
nut /nʌt/ n. 坚果
wild /waɪld/ adj. 野生的;自然生长的
recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ (=recognise) v. 辨认出;认可
divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ v.(把……)分成
divide sth into 把某物分为
fully /ˈfʊli/ adv. 完全地
2. 非课标重点单词、短语。
lecture /ˈlektʃə(r)/ n. 讲座;讲课
chain /tʃeɪn/ n. 链条
stable /ˈsteɪbl/ adj. 稳定的;稳固的
memorize /ˈmeməraɪz/ (=memorise) v. 记住;记忆
tick /tɪk/v. 给……打钩 n. 对号;钩号
gunshot /ˈɡʌnʃɒt/ n. 枪声;(射出的)炮弹
grown-up /ˌɡrəʊn ˈʌp/ adj. 成年的
grapevine /ˈɡreɪpvaɪn/ n. 葡萄藤;葡萄树
boost /buːst/ v. 促进;使增长 n. 帮助;增长
short-term /ˌʃɔːt ˈtɜːm/ adj. 短期的
long-term /ˌlɒŋ ˈtɜːm/ adj. 长期的
technique /tekˈniːk/ n. 技巧
image /ˈɪmɪdʒ/ n. 图像;形象
graph /ɡrɑːf/ n. 图;图表
engine /ˈendʒɪn/ n. 发动机
fuel /ˈfjuːəl/ n. 燃料
password /ˈpɑːswɜːd/ n. 密码;口令
squirrel /ˈskwɪrəl/ n. 松鼠
dolphin /ˈdɒlfɪn/ n. 海豚
outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ n. 纲要 v. 概述
one-size-fits-all /ˌwʌn saɪz fɪts ˈɔːl/ adj. 通用的
二、重点单词、短语用法讲解
1、position
词义:position作名词,意为“位置;方位”。还有“职位;职务”、“观点;立场”等意思。
Please put the book back in its position.(请把书放回原来的位置。)
He got a good position in the company.(他在公司得到了一个好职位。)
What is your position on this matter?(你对这件事的立场是什么?)
短语、搭配:① in position(在适当的位置)
The chairs are all in position.(椅子都摆好了。)
② out of position(不在适当的位置)
The picture is out of position.(画的位置不对。)
③ in a position to do sth.(有能力做某事)
I am not in a position to help you.(我没有能力帮助你。)
④ take a position(采取立场)
The school took a clear position on the issue.(学校在这个问题上采取了明确的立场。)
2、sadness
词义:① sadness作不可数名词,意为“悲伤;难过”。
Her eyes were full of sadness.(她的眼里充满了悲伤。)
词形变化:sad adj. 悲伤的
sadly adv. 悲伤地
sadness n. 悲伤
短语、搭配:① with sadness(悲伤地)
She looked at the old photo with sadness.(她悲伤地看着那张旧照片。)
② deep sadness(深深的悲伤)
He felt deep sadness after losing his dog.(失去狗后他感到深深的悲伤。)
③ sadness at/about(对……的悲伤)
Her sadness at the bad news was clear.(她对这条坏消息的悲伤显而易见。)
3、run out (of sth)
词义:① run out of sth.意为“用完;耗尽”,主语通常是人,后接宾语。
We have run out of paper.(我们的纸用完了。)
② run out意为“用完;耗尽”,主语通常是物,不接宾语。
The money soon ran out.(钱很快就用完了。)
辨析:① run out of与run out
run out of后接宾语,主语是人。
We ran out of ink.(我们用完了墨水。)
run out不接宾语,主语是物。
The ink ran out.(墨水用完了。)
4、react
词义:① react作动词,意为“反应;回应”。
How did she react to the news?(她对这个消息有什么反应?)
He reacted quickly when the ball came.(球过来时他反应很快。)
词形变化:reaction n. 反应
短语、搭配:① react to(对……作出反应)
She reacted to the good news with a smile.(她对好消息报以微笑。)
② react with(与……发生反应)
Iron reacts with oxygen.(铁和氧气发生反应。)
5、mix up
词义:① mix up意为“混淆;弄混”。
Don't mix up your homework with your brother's.(别把你的作业和你哥哥的弄混。)
② mix up意为“混合;搅拌”。
Mix up the eggs and milk.(把鸡蛋和牛奶混合起来。)
短语、搭配:① mix up A and B(把A和B混淆)
People often mix up these two names.(人们经常把这两个名字弄混。)
② mix A up with B(把A和B弄混)
She mixed me up with my twin sister.(她把我和我双胞胎姐姐弄混了。)
6、put sth to good use
词义:① put sth to good use意为“充分利用;有效利用”。
You should put your time to good use.(你应该充分利用你的时间。)
She put her old clothes to good use by giving them to charity.(她把旧衣服捐给慈善机构,充分利用了它们。)
7、brain
词义:① brain作可数名词,意为“大脑”。
The brain is the most important organ in the body.(大脑是身体最重要的器官。)
② brain作可数名词,常用复数brains,意为“智力;头脑”。
He has a good brain for math.(他很有数学头脑。)
短语、搭配:
① use one's brain(动脑筋)
You need to use your brain to solve this problem.(你需要动脑筋解决这个问题。)
② brain work(脑力劳动)
Teaching is brain work.(教学是脑力劳动。)
③ brain drain(人才流失)
Brain drain is a serious problem in some countries.(人才流失在一些国家是严重问题。)
易错点:
brain作“大脑”讲时可数,复数为brains。表示“智力”时常用复数brains。
8、retell
词义: retell作动词,意为“复述;再讲”。
The teacher asked us to retell the text.(老师让我们复述课文。)
短语、搭配:
① retell a story(复述故事)
She retold the story to her little brother.(她给弟弟复述了这个故事。)
② retell sth. to sb.(向某人复述某事)
Please retell the news to your parents.(请把这条新闻复述给你父母听。)
易错点:retell的过去式和过去分词是retold,不是retelled。
9、grandson
词义: grandson作可数名词,意为“孙子;外孙”。
He is the only grandson in the family.(他是家里唯一的孙子。)
词形变化:granddaughter n. 孙女;外孙女
10、go through
词义:① go through意为“经历;经受”。
She went through a difficult time after losing her job.(失业后她经历了一段艰难的时光。)
② go through意为“仔细检查;审查”。
Please go through your paper carefully.(请仔细检查你的试卷。)
③ go through意为“穿过;通过”。
The river goes through the city.(这条河穿过这座城市。)
易错点:go through中的through为介词,后接名词或代词。用于“经历”时,同义于experience。没有被动语态。
辨析:① go through与get through
go through强调“经历”或“穿过”。
She went through a difficult time.(她经历了一段艰难时光。)
get through强调“通过”或“打通电话”。
I finally got through the exam.(我终于通过了考试。)
② go through与look through
look through意为“浏览;快速查看”。
I looked through the magazine.(我浏览了这本杂志。)
11、happen to
词义:① happen to sb.意为“发生在某人身上”。
A strange thing happened to me yesterday.(昨天我遇到了一件奇怪的事。)
② happen to do sth.意为“碰巧做某事”。
She happened to be at home when I called.(我打电话时她碰巧在家。)
易错点:happen to do sth.表示“碰巧”,happen to sb.表示“发生在某人身上”。happen没有被动语态,不说be happened。
辨析:① happen与take place
happen强调偶然发生。
The accident happened at 8 o'clock.(事故发生在8点。)
take place强调按计划发生。
The meeting will take place tomorrow.(会议明天举行。)
12、keep (...) in mind
词义: keep sth. in mind意为“记住;把……记在心里”。
Keep in mind that you should be careful.(记住你要小心。)
I will keep your advice in mind.(我会记住你的建议。)
13、case
词义:① case作可数名词,意为“情况;事例”。
This is a common case among students.(这是学生中常见的情况。)
② case作可数名词,意为“案件;案例”。
The police are working on the case.(警方正在处理这个案件。)
③ case作可数名词,意为“箱子;盒子”。
Put the books in the case.(把书放进箱子里。)
短语、搭配:① in case(以防;万一)
Take an umbrella in case it rains.(带把伞以防下雨。)
② in case of(万一发生……)
In case of fire, call 119.(万一发生火灾,打119。)
③ in any case(无论如何)
In any case, you must finish your homework.(无论如何,你必须完成作业。)
④ in that case(那样的话)
In that case, I will go with you.(那样的话,我和你一起去。)
⑤in sb's case(就某人而言;在某人情况下)
In my case, I prefer to study in the morning.(就我而言,我更喜欢早上学习。)
In his case, the problem is different.(在他的情况下,问题不同。)
易错点:in case后接句子,in case of后接名词。in any case意为“无论如何”。
14、opera
词义: opera作可数名词,意为“歌剧”。
She likes listening to opera.(她喜欢听歌剧。)
短语、搭配:① Beijing Opera(京剧)
② soap opera(肥皂剧)
③ opera house(歌剧院)
15、picnic
词义:① picnic作可数名词,意为“野餐”。
Let's go for a picnic this Sunday.(这个星期天我们去野餐吧。)
② picnic作动词,意为“去野餐”。
We picnicked by the lake last weekend.(上周末我们在湖边野餐。)
短语、搭配:① have a picnic(野餐)
We will have a picnic tomorrow.(我们明天去野餐。)
② go for a picnic(去野餐)
Let's go for a picnic.(我们去野餐吧。)
③ go on a picnic(去野餐)
They went on a picnic last Sunday.(他们上周日去野餐了。)
易错点:picnic作动词时,过去式和过去分词为picnicked,现在分词picnicking。
16、pardon
词义:① pardon作名词,意为“原谅;宽恕”。
He asked for pardon.(他请求原谅。)
② pardon作动词,意为“原谅;宽恕”。
Pardon me for interrupting.(原谅我打断一下。)
③ pardon用于没听清对方的话,意为“请再说一遍”。
Pardon? I didn't hear you.(请再说一遍,我没听见。)
短语、搭配:① beg one's pardon(请求原谅)
I beg your pardon for my mistake.(我请求你原谅我的错误。)
② pardon me(对不起;请原谅)
Pardon me, could you tell me the way?(对不起,你能告诉我去那里的路吗?)
辨析:① pardon与excuse
pardon语气较正式,常用于请求原谅或没听清时。
Pardon?(请再说一遍?)
excuse常用于打扰别人或表示歉意。
Excuse me, where is the station?(打扰一下,车站在哪里?)
17、recall
词义:① recall作动词,意为“回忆;想起”。
She recalled her childhood days.(她回忆起童年的日子。)
② recall作动词,意为“召回;收回”。
The company recalled the bad products.(公司召回了有问题的产品。)
短语、搭配:① recall doing sth.(记得做过某事)
I recall meeting her somewhere.(我记得在哪儿见过她。)
② recall that...(回忆起……)
He recalled that he had left the door open.(他回忆起他让门开着。)
易错点:recall后接动名词或从句,不接不定式。recall的过去式和过去分词为recalled,现在分词为recalling。
18、to start with
词义:① to start with意为“首先;作为开始”。
To start with, we need to make a plan.(首先,我们需要制定一个计划。)
To start with, I didn't like English.(起初,我不喜欢英语。)
易错点:to start with是固定短语,常放在句首,用逗号隔开。
辨析:① to start with与first of all
to start with意为“首先;起初”,强调开始阶段。
To start with, we should be honest.(首先,我们应该诚实。)
first of all意为“首先”,用于列举事项。
First of all, let me introduce myself.(首先,让我自我介绍。)
② to start with与at first
to start with强调“作为开始”。
To start with, we need money.(首先,我们需要钱。)
at first意为“起初”,强调时间上的最初。
At first, I was nervous.(起初,我很紧张。)
19、passage
词义:① passage作可数名词,意为“段落;文章”。
This passage is about how to learn English.(这篇文章是关于如何学习英语的。)
② passage作可数名词,意为“通道;走廊”。
The passage leads to the garden.(这条通道通向花园。)
固定搭配:
① read a passage(读一篇文章)
② a passage from(摘自……的段落)
This is a passage from the novel.(这是小说中的一段。)
20、likely
词义:① likely作形容词,意为“可能的”。
It is likely to rain tomorrow.(明天可能会下雨。)
② likely作副词,意为“可能地”,常与most、very连用。
She will most likely be late.(她很可能会迟到。)
词形变化:likely的比较级为more likely,最高级为most likely。
unlikely adj. 不可能的
固定搭配:① be likely to do sth.(可能做某事)
She is likely to win the game.(她可能会赢得比赛。)
② it is likely that...(很可能……)
It is likely that he will pass the exam.(他很可能通过考试。)
③ most/very likely(很可能)
He will most likely agree.(他很可能会同意。)
辨析:① likely与possible
likely主语可以是人也可以是物,常用sb. be likely to do sth.。
He is likely to come.(他可能来。)
possible常用it is possible that...或it is possible for sb. to do sth.。
It is possible for him to come.(他可能来。)
② likely与probable
likely语气比probable弱,probable可能性更大。
21、wear out
词义:① wear out意为“磨损;穿破”。
My shoes are worn out.(我的鞋穿破了。)
② wear out意为“使疲劳;使筋疲力尽”。
He was worn out after the exam.(考试后他筋疲力尽。)
易错点:
wear out是“动词+副词”短语,接代词作宾语时,代词放中间,如wear them out。
辨析:① wear out与wear off
wear out强调“磨损”或“使疲劳”。
The shoes wore out.(鞋穿破了。)
wear off强调“逐渐消失”。
The pain will wear off soon.(疼痛很快就会消失。)
② wear out与tire out
wear out和tire out都可表示“使疲劳”,但wear out更强调耗尽体力。
22、discuss
词义:① discuss作动词,意为“讨论;商量”。
Let's discuss the problem together.(让我们一起讨论这个问题。)
词形变化:discussion n. 讨论
固定搭配:① discuss sth. with sb.(与某人讨论某事)
I discussed the problem with my teacher.(我和老师讨论了这个问题。)
② discuss doing sth.(讨论做某事)
We discussed going to the park.(我们讨论去公园。)
③ discuss how/what to do(讨论如何做/做什么)
They discussed how to solve the problem.(他们讨论了如何解决这个问题。)
23、organize
词义:① organize作动词,意为“组织;筹备”。
She organized the meeting well.(她把会议组织得很好。)
② organize作动词,意为“整理;安排”。
He organized his time carefully.(他仔细安排时间。)
词形变化:organization n. 组织;机构
organized adj. 有组织的;有条理的
organizer n. 组织者
固定搭配:① organize an activity(组织活动)
We organized a sports activity.(我们组织了一次体育活动。)
② organize a meeting(组织会议)
The teacher organized a meeting for parents.(老师组织了一次家长会。)
③ well-organized(有条理的)
She is a well-organized student.(她是一个有条理的学生。)
24、view
词义:① view作可数名词,意为“观点;看法”。
What is your view on this problem?(你对这个问题的看法是什么?)
② view作可数名词,意为“风景;景色”。
The view from the mountain is beautiful.(从山上看到的景色很美。)
③ view作不可数名词,意为“视野;视线”。
The car was in view.(汽车在视野中。)
④ view作动词,意为“观看;看待”。
Many people viewed the match on TV.(许多人通过电视观看了比赛。)
词形变化:viewer n. 观众;观看者
固定搭配:① in one's view(在某人看来)
In my view, we should start early.(在我看来,我们应该早点出发。)
② point of view(观点)
From my point of view, it is a good idea.(从我的观点看,这是个好主意。)
③ view ... as ...(把……看作……)
She views him as her brother.(她把他看作哥哥。)
辨析:① view与sight
view强调从某处看到的景色。
The view from the window is nice.(窗外的景色很好。)
sight强调看到的事物或景象,也可指视力。
The sunset is a beautiful sight.(日落是美丽的景象。)
② view与opinion
view和opinion都可表示“观点”,常可互换。
25、effective
词义:① effective作形容词,意为“有效的;起作用的”。
The medicine is very effective.(这种药很有效。)
② effective作形容词,意为“实际的;生效的”。
The new rule is effective from today.(新规定从今天起生效。)
词形变化:effect n. 效果;影响
effectively adv. 有效地
effectiveness n. 有效性
固定搭配:① be effective in(在……方面有效)
This method is effective in improving reading.(这种方法在提高阅读方面有效。)
② an effective way(有效的方法)
We need an effective way to solve the problem.(我们需要有效的方法解决问题。)
③ take effect(生效)
The new law will take effect next month.(新法律下个月生效。)
辨析:① effective与efficient
effective强调“有效果的”,能产生预期结果。
The medicine is effective.(这药有效。)
efficient强调“效率高的”,不浪费时间或资源。
She is an efficient worker.(她工作效率高。)
26、anxiety
词义:① anxiety作不可数名词,意为“焦虑;担心”。
He felt great anxiety before the exam.(考试前他感到非常焦虑。)
② anxiety作可数名词,意为“令人焦虑的事”。
Her anxieties about the future are understandable.(她对未来的焦虑是可以理解的。)
词形变化:anxious adj. 焦虑的;渴望的
anxiously adv. 焦虑地
固定搭配:① with anxiety(焦虑地)
She waited for the result with anxiety.(她焦虑地等待结果。)
② anxiety about/over(对……的焦虑)
He has anxiety about his health.(他担心自己的健康。)
③ relieve anxiety(缓解焦虑)
Listening to music can relieve anxiety.(听音乐可以缓解焦虑。)
27、address
词义:① address作可数名词,意为“地址”。
Please write your address here.(请在这里写下你的地址。)
② address作动词,意为“写地址;称呼”。
Please address the letter to him.(请把信写上他的地址。)
词形变化:address的复数形式为addresses。
addresser n. 发件人
固定搭配:
① address sb. as(称呼某人为……)
We address him as Mr. Li.(我们称呼他李先生。)
②home address(家庭地址)
Please tell me your home address.(请告诉我你的家庭地址。)
28、account
词义:① account作可数名词,意为“账户”。
I opened a bank account.(我开了一个银行账户。)
②account作动词,意为“解释;说明”,常与for连用。
How do you account for your absence?(你如何解释你的缺席?)
词形变化:accountant n. 会计
固定搭配:① account for(解释)
His illness accounts for his absence.(他的病解释了他缺席的原因。)
② take ... into account(把……考虑在内)
You should take his age into account.(你应该把他的年龄考虑在内。)
③ on account of(因为)
He was late on account of the rain.(他因为下雨迟到了。)
④ open an account(开户)
I want to open an account.(我想开个账户。)
29、increase
词义:① increase作动词,意为“增加;增长”。
The number of students increased.(学生人数增加了。)
② increase作可数名词,意为“增加;增长”。
There is an increase in the price of food.(食品价格上涨了。)
固定搭配:① increase by(增加了……)
The price increased by 10%.(价格上涨了10%。)
② increase to(增加到……)
The number increased to 500.(数量增加到了500。)
③ an increase in(在……方面的增加)
There is an increase in traffic.(交通量增加了。)
易错点:
increase by表示增加的幅度,increase to表示增加到某个数量。
30、blood
词义:① blood作不可数名词,意为“血;血液”。
He lost a lot of blood.(他流了很多血。)
词形变化:bloody adj. 流血的;血腥的
bleed v. 流血
固定搭配:① blood pressure(血压)
He has high blood pressure.(他有高血压。)
② donate blood(献血)
Many people donate blood every year.(许多人每年献血。)
易错点:
blood是不可数名词,不说a blood或bloods。bleed是动词,过去式bled。
31、wound
词义:① wound作可数名词,意为“伤口;创伤”。
The wound on his leg is deep.(他腿上的伤口很深。)
② wound作动词,意为“使受伤;伤害”。
He was wounded in the war.(他在战争中受伤了。)
词形变化:wound的复数形式为wounds。
wounded adj. 受伤的
固定搭配:
① a deep wound(深深的伤口)
The doctor cleaned the deep wound.(医生清洗了深深的伤口。)
② be wounded in(在……部位受伤)
He was wounded in the leg.(他腿部受伤。)
③ wound sb.'s feelings(伤害某人的感情)
Her words wounded his feelings.(她的话伤害了他的感情。)
辨析: wound与injury
wound通常指战争、武器造成的伤。
He was wounded in the war.(他在战争中受伤。)
injury指事故、运动等造成的伤。
He got an injury in the game.(他在比赛中受伤。)
易错点:
wound作名词时可数,复数为wounds。wounded作形容词,the wounded表示“伤员”。
32、mall
词义:① mall作可数名词,意为“购物中心”。
The mall is very big.(这个购物中心很大。)
固定搭配:
① shopping mall(购物中心)
② at the mall(在购物中心)
33、notebook
词义:① notebook作可数名词,意为“笔记本”、“笔记本电脑”。
I write notes in my notebook.(我在笔记本上记笔记。)
He bought a new notebook.(他买了一台新笔记本电脑。)
固定搭配:
① write in a notebook(在笔记本上写)
Please write your name in the notebook.(请把你的名字写在笔记本上。)
② a notebook computer(笔记本电脑)
A notebook computer is easy to carry.(笔记本电脑便于携带。)
34、nut
词义:① nut作可数名词,意为“坚果”。
I like eating nuts.(我喜欢吃坚果。)
35、wild
词义:wild作形容词,意为“野生的;野的”。
Wild animals live in the forest.(野生动物生活在森林里。)
词形变化:wildly adv. 疯狂地
wilderness n. 荒野
固定搭配:① wild animal(野生动物)
We should protect wild animals.(我们应该保护野生动物。)
② in the wild(在野外)
Pandas live in the wild.(熊猫生活在野外。)
36、recognize
词义:① recognize作动词,意为“认出;辨认出”。英式也可拼作recognise。
I didn't recognize you.(我没认出你。)
② recognize作动词,意为“承认;认可”。
He recognized his mistake.(他承认了错误。)
词形变化:recognition n. 认出;承认
固定搭配:① recognize sb./sth.(认出某人/某物)
I recognized his voice.(我听出了他的声音。)
② recognize ... as ...(承认……是……)
They recognized him as the best student.(他们承认他是最好的学生。)
③ be recognized as(被认为是)
He is recognized as a great writer.(他被认为是一位伟大的作家。)
37、divide
词义:① divide作动词,意为“分开;(把……)分成 ”。
Divide the class into four groups.(把班级分成四组。)
词形变化:division n. 分开;除法
固定搭配:① divide ... into ...(把……分成……)
Divide the apple into four pieces.(把苹果分成四块。)
② be divided into(被分成)
The book is divided into three parts.(这本书被分成三部分。)
辨析:① divide与separate
divide强调把整体分成若干部分。
Divide the cake into six pieces.(把蛋糕分成六块。)
separate强调把原来在一起的东西分开。
Separate the good apples from the bad ones.(把好苹果和坏苹果分开。)
38、fully
词义:① fully作副词,意为“完全地;充分地”。
She fully understood the problem.(她完全理解了这个问题。)
词形变化:full adj. 满的;完全的
fullness n. 满;完全
固定搭配:① fully understand(完全理解)
I fully understand your feeling.(我完全理解你的感受。)
②fully prepared(充分准备)
We are fully prepared for the exam.(我们为考试做好了充分准备。)
单元单词、短语用法练习
一、根据提示填写单词
1.The teacher asked us to put the desks back in their correct ________(位置).
【答案】positions
【详解】句意:老师让我们把课桌放回它们正确的位置。汉语“位置”对应position,是可数名词;主语desks为复数,their后表示多个位置,应用复数形式positions。固定搭配put...back in correct positions表示“把……放回正确位置”。故填positions。
2.The film was full of ________(悲伤) and made many people cry.
【答案】sadness
【详解】句意:这部电影充满悲伤,使许多人哭了。汉语“悲伤”对应sadness,是不可数名词,be full of后接名词,此处没有复数形式。固定搭配be full of表示“充满”。故填sadness。
3.How did your father ________(反应) to the news?
【答案】react
【详解】句意:你父亲对这则消息反应如何?汉语“反应”对应react,固定搭配react to表示“对……反应”。助动词did后动词用原形。故填react。
4.The human ________(大脑) is very important for us.
【答案】brain
【详解】句意:人类大脑对我们很重要。汉语“大脑”对应brain,the human brain表示“人类大脑”,此处指一个器官,用单数形式。故填brain。
5.Please ________(复述) the story in your own words.
【答案】retell
【详解】句意:请用你自己的话复述这个故事。汉语“复述”对应retell,祈使句以动词原形开头。in one's own words表示“用自己的话”。故填retell。
6.The old man often takes his little ________(孙子) to the park on Sundays.
【答案】grandson
【详解】句意:这位老人经常在周日带他的小孙子去公园。汉语“孙子”对应grandson,his little后接单数名词,表示一个孙子。故填grandson。
7.I read an interesting p________ about animals yesterday.
【答案】passage
【详解】句意:我昨天读了一篇关于动物的有趣文章。根据首字母p和“read an interesting”可知,这里指一篇文章。passage是可数名词,前面有an,所以用单数形式。故填passage。
8.We often d________ our problems with our teachers.
【答案】discuss
【详解】句意:我们经常和老师讨论我们的问题。根据首字母d和“with our teachers”可知,此处用固定搭配discuss sth with sb,意为“和某人讨论某事”。often表示经常性动作,主语we后动词用原形。故填discuss。
9.Our teacher asked us to o________ a class meeting.
【答案】organize
【详解】句意:我们老师要求我们组织一次班会。根据首字母o和“a class meeting”可知,此处指组织班会。ask sb to do sth中to后接动词原形,故填organize。
10.We should respect different v________ on this question.
【答案】views
【详解】句意:我们应该尊重关于这个问题的不同观点。根据首字母v和different可知,此处指观点。view为可数名词,different后接复数形式,故填views。
11.Taking notes in class is an e________ way to learn English.
【答案】effective
【详解】句意:课上记笔记是学习英语的一种有效方法。根据首字母e和“way to learn English”可知,此处用形容词effective修饰way,意为“有效的”。前面有an,故填effective。
12.She felt great a________ before the speech.
【答案】anxiety
【详解】句意:演讲前她感到非常焦虑。根据首字母a和“felt great”可知,此处用名词anxiety,意为“焦虑”。anxiety作“焦虑”讲时通常不可数。故填anxiety。
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
13.Her eyes were full of _______ (sad) when she heard the bad news.
【答案】sadness
【详解】句意:听到坏消息时,她的眼里充满了悲伤。括号内sad为形容词“悲伤的”。空格前有介词of,需填名词作宾语,sad变名词为sadness,不可数,故填sadness。
14.What was his _______ (react) to your suggestion?
【答案】reaction
【详解】句意:他对你的建议有什么反应?括号内react为动词“反应”。空格前有形容词性物主代词his,需填名词作主语,react变名词为reaction,可数名词单数,故填reaction。
15.She _______ (retell) the story to her little brother yesterday.
【答案】retold
【详解】句意:昨天她给弟弟复述了这个故事。括号内retell为动词“复述”。yesterday提示用一般过去时,retell的过去式为retold,故填retold。
16.We had a heated _______ (discuss) about the problem.
【答案】discussion
【详解】句意:我们就这个问题进行了热烈的讨论。括号内discuss为动词“讨论”。空格前有a heated,需填名词作宾语,discuss变名词为discussion,可数名词单数,故填discussion。
17.She is the _______ (organize) of the school sports meeting.
【答案】organizer
【详解】句意:她是学校运动会的组织者。括号内organize为动词“组织”。空格前有the,需填表示“组织者”的名词,organize变名词为organizer,可数名词单数,故填organizer。
18.This method is very _______ (effect) in learning new words.
【答案】effective
【详解】句意:这种方法在学习新单词方面非常有效。括号内effect为名词“效果”。空格前有is very,需填形容词作表语,effect变形容词为effective,意为“有效的”,故填effective。
19.She waited for the result with _______ (anxious).
【答案】anxiety
【详解】句意:她焦虑地等待着结果。括号内anxious为形容词“焦虑的”。空格前有介词with,需填名词作宾语,anxious变名词为anxiety,不可数,故填anxiety。
20.The book is _______ (divide) into three parts.
【答案】divided
【详解】句意:这本书被分成三部分。括号内divide为动词“分开”。is后接过去分词构成被动语态,divide的过去分词为divided,be divided into意为“被分成”,故填divided。
21.She _______ (full) understood the problem after the teacher explained it.
【答案】fully
【详解】句意:老师解释后她完全理解了这个问题。括号内full为形容词“完全的”。空格处在句中修饰动词understood,需用副词,full变副词为fully,意为“完全地”,故填fully。
22.He has a good _______ (brain) for math.
【答案】brain
【详解】句意:他很有数学头脑。括号内brain为名词“大脑”。have a good brain for意为“有……的头脑”,brain用单数,故填brain。
三、单项选择
23.We have _______ paper. Can you lend us some?
A.run out of B.run out C.run away D.run after
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们的纸用完了。你能借给我们一些吗?run out of意为“用完”,主语通常是人,后接宾语;run out意为“用完”,主语通常是物,不接宾语;run away逃跑;run after追赶。根据“paper”作宾语,主语We指人,应用run out of,故选A。
24.My shoes are _______ out. I need to buy a new pair.
A.worn B.wear C.wearing D.wears
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我的鞋穿破了。我需要买一双新的。wear out意为“磨损;穿破”,be worn out意为“被穿破;筋疲力尽”。主语My shoes与wear out构成被动关系,应用过去分词worn,故选A。
25. The hotel is in a good ________. It is near the train station.
A.position B.direction C.condition D.invention
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这家酒店位置很好,靠近火车站。position位置;direction方向;condition状况;invention发明。根据“near the train station”可知说的是地理位置好,不是方向、状况或发明。in a good position表示处于好位置。故选A。
26. He couldn't hide his ________ when his best friend moved away.
A.sadness B.happiness C.kindness D.darkness
【答案】A
【详解】句意:当他最好的朋友搬走时,他无法掩饰自己的悲伤。sadness悲伤;happiness快乐;kindness善良;darkness黑暗。根据“best friend moved away”可知他感到难过,无法掩饰的是悲伤。其他选项不符合搬走带来的情绪。故选A。
27.She has anxiety _______ her son's safety.
A.about B.with C.for D.to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:她担心儿子的安全。anxiety about/over意为“对……的焦虑”,介词用about或over。with、for、to不符合搭配,故选A。
28.The number of students increased _______ 200 last year.
A.to B.by C.in D.for
【答案】A
【详解】句意:去年学生人数增加到了200。increase to意为“增加到……”,后接具体数量;increase by意为“增加了……”,后接增加的幅度。根据“200”可知,此处表示增加到200,故选A。
29.We took food and drinks and had a ________ in the park last Sunday.
A.picnic B.lesson C.meeting D.test
【答案】A
【详解】句意:上周日我们带了食物和饮料,在公园里野餐。picnic野餐;lesson课;meeting会议;test测试。根据“took food and drinks”和“in the park”可知是去野餐。have a picnic是固定搭配。其他选项不需要在公园带食物饮料进行。故选A。
30.I didn't ________ him at first because he had changed a lot.
A.recognize B.realize C.receive D.repeat
【答案】A
【详解】句意:起初我没认出他,因为他变化很大。recognize认出;realize意识到;receive收到;repeat重复。根据“because he had changed a lot”可知他变化大,所以没认出来。realize、receive和repeat都不能表示辨认出某人。故选A。
四、根据汉语提示完成句子
31.别把这两个名字弄混了。
Don't _______ _______ these two names.
【答案】mix up
【详解】句意对照:“弄混”对应英文空格。关键词“弄混”对应固定短语mix up。祈使句否定式Don't后接动词原形,故填mix up。
32.你应该充分利用你的时间。
You should _______ your time _______ _______ _______.
【答案】put to good use
【详解】句意对照:“充分利用”对应英文空格。关键词“充分利用”对应固定短语put sth. to good use。空格前有情态动词should,后接动词原形put,故填put to good use。
33.她失业后经历了一段艰难的时光。
She _______ _______ a difficult time after losing her job.
【答案】went through
【详解】句意对照:“经历”对应英文空格。关键词“经历”对应固定短语go through。描述过去的事,用一般过去时,go的过去式为went。故填went through。
34.昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了他。
I _______ _______ meet him in the street yesterday.
【答案】happened to
【详解】句意对照:“碰巧”对应英文空格。关键词“碰巧做某事”对应固定短语happen to do sth.。描述昨天的事,用一般过去时,happen的过去式为happened。故填happened to。
35.记住你应该小心。
_______ _______ _______ that you should be careful.
【答案】Keep in mind
【详解】句意对照:“记住”对应英文空格。关键词“记住”对应固定短语keep sth. in mind,此处that从句作宾语。祈使句用动词原形开头,首字母大写。故填Keep in mind。
36.带把伞以防下雨。
Take an umbrella _______ _______ it rains.
【答案】in case
【详解】句意对照:“以防”对应英文空格。关键词“以防”对应固定短语in case,后接句子。故填in case。
37.首先,我们需要制定一个计划。
_______ _______ _______, we need to make a plan.
【答案】To start with
【详解】句意对照:“首先”对应英文空格。关键词“首先;作为开始”对应固定短语to start with,置于句首,首字母大写,用逗号与主句隔开。故填To start with。
38.她可能会赢得比赛。
She is _______ _______ win the game.
【答案】likely to
【详解】句意对照:“可能”对应英文空格。关键词“可能做某事”对应固定句型be likely to do sth.。主语She,be动词用is,故填likely to。
39.我们和老师讨论了这个问题。
We _______ the problem _______ our teacher.
【答案】discussed with
【详解】句意对照:“和……讨论”对应英文空格。关键词“与某人讨论某事”对应固定短语discuss sth. with sb.。描述过去的事,用一般过去时,discuss的过去式为discussed。故填discussed with。
40.在我看来,我们应该早点出发。
_______ _______ _______, we should start early.
【答案】In my view
【详解】句意对照:“在我看来”对应英文空格。关键词“在我看来”对应固定短语in my view,置于句首,首字母大写。故填In my view。
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Unit 4 Our Memory 重点单词、短语用法讲练
目录
· 单元重难点单词、短语用法讲解
将单词、短语分层列出,突出重点词汇,便于记忆。
详细讲解重点单词和短语的用法,把握单词、短语的考点,便于全面掌握。
· 单元单词、短语用法练习
通过以下练习,在具体的语境中巩固单词、短语的用法,加深对单词、短语的记忆和理解。
单元重难点单词、短语用法讲解
一、单元单词、短语分层列举
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. 课标重点单词、短语。
position /pəˈzɪʃn/ n. 位置;地方 v. 安置;使处于
sadness/ˈsædnəs/ n. 悲伤
run out (of sth)用完;耗尽
react /riˈækt/v. 作出反应;回应
mix up 混淆;弄乱
put sth to good use 有效使用(或利用)某物
brain /breɪn/ n. 脑;智力
retell /ˌriːˈtel/v. 复述
grandson /ˈɡrænsʌn/ n. 孙子;外孙
go through 经历;仔细察看
happen to 发生于;使遭遇
keep (...) in mind 记在心中;记住
case /keɪs/ n. 情况;事实
in sb’s case 就某人的情况而言
opera /ˈɒprə/ n. 歌剧;歌剧团
picnic /ˈpɪknɪk/ n. 野餐
pardon /ˈpɑːdn/v. 原谅 interj. 请再说一遍;抱歉
recall /rɪˈkɔːl/v. 回忆起;回想起
to start with首先
passage /ˈpæsɪdʒ/ n. 段落;走廊
likely /ˈlaɪkli/ adv. 很可能 adj. 可能的
wear out 使疲乏;磨损
discuss/dɪˈskʌs/v. 讨论;谈论;商量
organize /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/ (=organise) v. 安排;组织
view /vjuː/ v. 看;观看 n.观点;视野
effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 有效的
anxiety /æŋˈzaɪəti/ n. 焦虑;担心
address/əˈdres/ n. 地址
account /əˈkaʊnt/ n. 账户;账目
increase n. /ˈɪŋkriːs/ 增长 v. /ɪnˈkriːs/ 增加
blood /blʌd/ n. 血
wound /wuːnd/ n. 伤口;创伤 v. 使受伤
mall /mɔːl/ n. 购物商场
notebook /ˈnəʊtbʊk/ n. 笔记本;笔记本电脑
nut /nʌt/ n. 坚果
wild /waɪld/ adj. 野生的;自然生长的
recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ (=recognise) v. 辨认出;认可
divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ v.(把……)分成
divide sth into 把某物分为
fully /ˈfʊli/ adv. 完全地
2. 非课标重点单词、短语。
lecture /ˈlektʃə(r)/ n. 讲座;讲课
chain /tʃeɪn/ n. 链条
stable /ˈsteɪbl/ adj. 稳定的;稳固的
memorize /ˈmeməraɪz/ (=memorise) v. 记住;记忆
tick /tɪk/v. 给……打钩 n. 对号;钩号
gunshot /ˈɡʌnʃɒt/ n. 枪声;(射出的)炮弹
grown-up /ˌɡrəʊn ˈʌp/ adj. 成年的
grapevine /ˈɡreɪpvaɪn/ n. 葡萄藤;葡萄树
boost /buːst/ v. 促进;使增长 n. 帮助;增长
short-term /ˌʃɔːt ˈtɜːm/ adj. 短期的
long-term /ˌlɒŋ ˈtɜːm/ adj. 长期的
technique /tekˈniːk/ n. 技巧
image /ˈɪmɪdʒ/ n. 图像;形象
graph /ɡrɑːf/ n. 图;图表
engine /ˈendʒɪn/ n. 发动机
fuel /ˈfjuːəl/ n. 燃料
password /ˈpɑːswɜːd/ n. 密码;口令
squirrel /ˈskwɪrəl/ n. 松鼠
dolphin /ˈdɒlfɪn/ n. 海豚
outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ n. 纲要 v. 概述
one-size-fits-all /ˌwʌn saɪz fɪts ˈɔːl/ adj. 通用的
二、重点单词、短语用法讲解
1、position
词义:position作名词,意为“位置;方位”。还有“职位;职务”、“观点;立场”等意思。
Please put the book back in its position.(请把书放回原来的位置。)
He got a good position in the company.(他在公司得到了一个好职位。)
What is your position on this matter?(你对这件事的立场是什么?)
短语、搭配:① in position(在适当的位置)
The chairs are all in position.(椅子都摆好了。)
② out of position(不在适当的位置)
The picture is out of position.(画的位置不对。)
③ in a position to do sth.(有能力做某事)
I am not in a position to help you.(我没有能力帮助你。)
④ take a position(采取立场)
The school took a clear position on the issue.(学校在这个问题上采取了明确的立场。)
2、sadness
词义:① sadness作不可数名词,意为“悲伤;难过”。
Her eyes were full of sadness.(她的眼里充满了悲伤。)
词形变化:sad adj. 悲伤的
sadly adv. 悲伤地
sadness n. 悲伤
短语、搭配:① with sadness(悲伤地)
She looked at the old photo with sadness.(她悲伤地看着那张旧照片。)
② deep sadness(深深的悲伤)
He felt deep sadness after losing his dog.(失去狗后他感到深深的悲伤。)
③ sadness at/about(对……的悲伤)
Her sadness at the bad news was clear.(她对这条坏消息的悲伤显而易见。)
3、run out (of sth)
词义:① run out of sth.意为“用完;耗尽”,主语通常是人,后接宾语。
We have run out of paper.(我们的纸用完了。)
② run out意为“用完;耗尽”,主语通常是物,不接宾语。
The money soon ran out.(钱很快就用完了。)
辨析:① run out of与run out
run out of后接宾语,主语是人。
We ran out of ink.(我们用完了墨水。)
run out不接宾语,主语是物。
The ink ran out.(墨水用完了。)
4、react
词义:① react作动词,意为“反应;回应”。
How did she react to the news?(她对这个消息有什么反应?)
He reacted quickly when the ball came.(球过来时他反应很快。)
词形变化:reaction n. 反应
短语、搭配:① react to(对……作出反应)
She reacted to the good news with a smile.(她对好消息报以微笑。)
② react with(与……发生反应)
Iron reacts with oxygen.(铁和氧气发生反应。)
5、mix up
词义:① mix up意为“混淆;弄混”。
Don't mix up your homework with your brother's.(别把你的作业和你哥哥的弄混。)
② mix up意为“混合;搅拌”。
Mix up the eggs and milk.(把鸡蛋和牛奶混合起来。)
短语、搭配:① mix up A and B(把A和B混淆)
People often mix up these two names.(人们经常把这两个名字弄混。)
② mix A up with B(把A和B弄混)
She mixed me up with my twin sister.(她把我和我双胞胎姐姐弄混了。)
6、put sth to good use
词义:① put sth to good use意为“充分利用;有效利用”。
You should put your time to good use.(你应该充分利用你的时间。)
She put her old clothes to good use by giving them to charity.(她把旧衣服捐给慈善机构,充分利用了它们。)
7、brain
词义:① brain作可数名词,意为“大脑”。
The brain is the most important organ in the body.(大脑是身体最重要的器官。)
② brain作可数名词,常用复数brains,意为“智力;头脑”。
He has a good brain for math.(他很有数学头脑。)
短语、搭配:
① use one's brain(动脑筋)
You need to use your brain to solve this problem.(你需要动脑筋解决这个问题。)
② brain work(脑力劳动)
Teaching is brain work.(教学是脑力劳动。)
③ brain drain(人才流失)
Brain drain is a serious problem in some countries.(人才流失在一些国家是严重问题。)
易错点:
brain作“大脑”讲时可数,复数为brains。表示“智力”时常用复数brains。
8、retell
词义: retell作动词,意为“复述;再讲”。
The teacher asked us to retell the text.(老师让我们复述课文。)
短语、搭配:
① retell a story(复述故事)
She retold the story to her little brother.(她给弟弟复述了这个故事。)
② retell sth. to sb.(向某人复述某事)
Please retell the news to your parents.(请把这条新闻复述给你父母听。)
易错点:retell的过去式和过去分词是retold,不是retelled。
9、grandson
词义: grandson作可数名词,意为“孙子;外孙”。
He is the only grandson in the family.(他是家里唯一的孙子。)
词形变化:granddaughter n. 孙女;外孙女
10、go through
词义:① go through意为“经历;经受”。
She went through a difficult time after losing her job.(失业后她经历了一段艰难的时光。)
② go through意为“仔细检查;审查”。
Please go through your paper carefully.(请仔细检查你的试卷。)
③ go through意为“穿过;通过”。
The river goes through the city.(这条河穿过这座城市。)
易错点:go through中的through为介词,后接名词或代词。用于“经历”时,同义于experience。没有被动语态。
辨析:① go through与get through
go through强调“经历”或“穿过”。
She went through a difficult time.(她经历了一段艰难时光。)
get through强调“通过”或“打通电话”。
I finally got through the exam.(我终于通过了考试。)
② go through与look through
look through意为“浏览;快速查看”。
I looked through the magazine.(我浏览了这本杂志。)
11、happen to
词义:① happen to sb.意为“发生在某人身上”。
A strange thing happened to me yesterday.(昨天我遇到了一件奇怪的事。)
② happen to do sth.意为“碰巧做某事”。
She happened to be at home when I called.(我打电话时她碰巧在家。)
易错点:happen to do sth.表示“碰巧”,happen to sb.表示“发生在某人身上”。happen没有被动语态,不说be happened。
辨析:① happen与take place
happen强调偶然发生。
The accident happened at 8 o'clock.(事故发生在8点。)
take place强调按计划发生。
The meeting will take place tomorrow.(会议明天举行。)
12、keep (...) in mind
词义: keep sth. in mind意为“记住;把……记在心里”。
Keep in mind that you should be careful.(记住你要小心。)
I will keep your advice in mind.(我会记住你的建议。)
13、case
词义:① case作可数名词,意为“情况;事例”。
This is a common case among students.(这是学生中常见的情况。)
② case作可数名词,意为“案件;案例”。
The police are working on the case.(警方正在处理这个案件。)
③ case作可数名词,意为“箱子;盒子”。
Put the books in the case.(把书放进箱子里。)
短语、搭配:① in case(以防;万一)
Take an umbrella in case it rains.(带把伞以防下雨。)
② in case of(万一发生……)
In case of fire, call 119.(万一发生火灾,打119。)
③ in any case(无论如何)
In any case, you must finish your homework.(无论如何,你必须完成作业。)
④ in that case(那样的话)
In that case, I will go with you.(那样的话,我和你一起去。)
⑤in sb's case(就某人而言;在某人情况下)
In my case, I prefer to study in the morning.(就我而言,我更喜欢早上学习。)
In his case, the problem is different.(在他的情况下,问题不同。)
易错点:in case后接句子,in case of后接名词。in any case意为“无论如何”。
14、opera
词义: opera作可数名词,意为“歌剧”。
She likes listening to opera.(她喜欢听歌剧。)
短语、搭配:① Beijing Opera(京剧)
② soap opera(肥皂剧)
③ opera house(歌剧院)
15、picnic
词义:① picnic作可数名词,意为“野餐”。
Let's go for a picnic this Sunday.(这个星期天我们去野餐吧。)
② picnic作动词,意为“去野餐”。
We picnicked by the lake last weekend.(上周末我们在湖边野餐。)
短语、搭配:① have a picnic(野餐)
We will have a picnic tomorrow.(我们明天去野餐。)
② go for a picnic(去野餐)
Let's go for a picnic.(我们去野餐吧。)
③ go on a picnic(去野餐)
They went on a picnic last Sunday.(他们上周日去野餐了。)
易错点:picnic作动词时,过去式和过去分词为picnicked,现在分词picnicking。
16、pardon
词义:① pardon作名词,意为“原谅;宽恕”。
He asked for pardon.(他请求原谅。)
② pardon作动词,意为“原谅;宽恕”。
Pardon me for interrupting.(原谅我打断一下。)
③ pardon用于没听清对方的话,意为“请再说一遍”。
Pardon? I didn't hear you.(请再说一遍,我没听见。)
短语、搭配:① beg one's pardon(请求原谅)
I beg your pardon for my mistake.(我请求你原谅我的错误。)
② pardon me(对不起;请原谅)
Pardon me, could you tell me the way?(对不起,你能告诉我去那里的路吗?)
辨析:① pardon与excuse
pardon语气较正式,常用于请求原谅或没听清时。
Pardon?(请再说一遍?)
excuse常用于打扰别人或表示歉意。
Excuse me, where is the station?(打扰一下,车站在哪里?)
17、recall
词义:① recall作动词,意为“回忆;想起”。
She recalled her childhood days.(她回忆起童年的日子。)
② recall作动词,意为“召回;收回”。
The company recalled the bad products.(公司召回了有问题的产品。)
短语、搭配:① recall doing sth.(记得做过某事)
I recall meeting her somewhere.(我记得在哪儿见过她。)
② recall that...(回忆起……)
He recalled that he had left the door open.(他回忆起他让门开着。)
易错点:recall后接动名词或从句,不接不定式。recall的过去式和过去分词为recalled,现在分词为recalling。
18、to start with
词义:① to start with意为“首先;作为开始”。
To start with, we need to make a plan.(首先,我们需要制定一个计划。)
To start with, I didn't like English.(起初,我不喜欢英语。)
易错点:to start with是固定短语,常放在句首,用逗号隔开。
辨析:① to start with与first of all
to start with意为“首先;起初”,强调开始阶段。
To start with, we should be honest.(首先,我们应该诚实。)
first of all意为“首先”,用于列举事项。
First of all, let me introduce myself.(首先,让我自我介绍。)
② to start with与at first
to start with强调“作为开始”。
To start with, we need money.(首先,我们需要钱。)
at first意为“起初”,强调时间上的最初。
At first, I was nervous.(起初,我很紧张。)
19、passage
词义:① passage作可数名词,意为“段落;文章”。
This passage is about how to learn English.(这篇文章是关于如何学习英语的。)
② passage作可数名词,意为“通道;走廊”。
The passage leads to the garden.(这条通道通向花园。)
固定搭配:
① read a passage(读一篇文章)
② a passage from(摘自……的段落)
This is a passage from the novel.(这是小说中的一段。)
20、likely
词义:① likely作形容词,意为“可能的”。
It is likely to rain tomorrow.(明天可能会下雨。)
② likely作副词,意为“可能地”,常与most、very连用。
She will most likely be late.(她很可能会迟到。)
词形变化:likely的比较级为more likely,最高级为most likely。
unlikely adj. 不可能的
固定搭配:① be likely to do sth.(可能做某事)
She is likely to win the game.(她可能会赢得比赛。)
② it is likely that...(很可能……)
It is likely that he will pass the exam.(他很可能通过考试。)
③ most/very likely(很可能)
He will most likely agree.(他很可能会同意。)
辨析:① likely与possible
likely主语可以是人也可以是物,常用sb. be likely to do sth.。
He is likely to come.(他可能来。)
possible常用it is possible that...或it is possible for sb. to do sth.。
It is possible for him to come.(他可能来。)
② likely与probable
likely语气比probable弱,probable可能性更大。
21、wear out
词义:① wear out意为“磨损;穿破”。
My shoes are worn out.(我的鞋穿破了。)
② wear out意为“使疲劳;使筋疲力尽”。
He was worn out after the exam.(考试后他筋疲力尽。)
易错点:
wear out是“动词+副词”短语,接代词作宾语时,代词放中间,如wear them out。
辨析:① wear out与wear off
wear out强调“磨损”或“使疲劳”。
The shoes wore out.(鞋穿破了。)
wear off强调“逐渐消失”。
The pain will wear off soon.(疼痛很快就会消失。)
② wear out与tire out
wear out和tire out都可表示“使疲劳”,但wear out更强调耗尽体力。
22、discuss
词义:① discuss作动词,意为“讨论;商量”。
Let's discuss the problem together.(让我们一起讨论这个问题。)
词形变化:discussion n. 讨论
固定搭配:① discuss sth. with sb.(与某人讨论某事)
I discussed the problem with my teacher.(我和老师讨论了这个问题。)
② discuss doing sth.(讨论做某事)
We discussed going to the park.(我们讨论去公园。)
③ discuss how/what to do(讨论如何做/做什么)
They discussed how to solve the problem.(他们讨论了如何解决这个问题。)
23、organize
词义:① organize作动词,意为“组织;筹备”。
She organized the meeting well.(她把会议组织得很好。)
② organize作动词,意为“整理;安排”。
He organized his time carefully.(他仔细安排时间。)
词形变化:organization n. 组织;机构
organized adj. 有组织的;有条理的
organizer n. 组织者
固定搭配:① organize an activity(组织活动)
We organized a sports activity.(我们组织了一次体育活动。)
② organize a meeting(组织会议)
The teacher organized a meeting for parents.(老师组织了一次家长会。)
③ well-organized(有条理的)
She is a well-organized student.(她是一个有条理的学生。)
24、view
词义:① view作可数名词,意为“观点;看法”。
What is your view on this problem?(你对这个问题的看法是什么?)
② view作可数名词,意为“风景;景色”。
The view from the mountain is beautiful.(从山上看到的景色很美。)
③ view作不可数名词,意为“视野;视线”。
The car was in view.(汽车在视野中。)
④ view作动词,意为“观看;看待”。
Many people viewed the match on TV.(许多人通过电视观看了比赛。)
词形变化:viewer n. 观众;观看者
固定搭配:① in one's view(在某人看来)
In my view, we should start early.(在我看来,我们应该早点出发。)
② point of view(观点)
From my point of view, it is a good idea.(从我的观点看,这是个好主意。)
③ view ... as ...(把……看作……)
She views him as her brother.(她把他看作哥哥。)
辨析:① view与sight
view强调从某处看到的景色。
The view from the window is nice.(窗外的景色很好。)
sight强调看到的事物或景象,也可指视力。
The sunset is a beautiful sight.(日落是美丽的景象。)
② view与opinion
view和opinion都可表示“观点”,常可互换。
25、effective
词义:① effective作形容词,意为“有效的;起作用的”。
The medicine is very effective.(这种药很有效。)
② effective作形容词,意为“实际的;生效的”。
The new rule is effective from today.(新规定从今天起生效。)
词形变化:effect n. 效果;影响
effectively adv. 有效地
effectiveness n. 有效性
固定搭配:① be effective in(在……方面有效)
This method is effective in improving reading.(这种方法在提高阅读方面有效。)
② an effective way(有效的方法)
We need an effective way to solve the problem.(我们需要有效的方法解决问题。)
③ take effect(生效)
The new law will take effect next month.(新法律下个月生效。)
辨析:① effective与efficient
effective强调“有效果的”,能产生预期结果。
The medicine is effective.(这药有效。)
efficient强调“效率高的”,不浪费时间或资源。
She is an efficient worker.(她工作效率高。)
26、anxiety
词义:① anxiety作不可数名词,意为“焦虑;担心”。
He felt great anxiety before the exam.(考试前他感到非常焦虑。)
② anxiety作可数名词,意为“令人焦虑的事”。
Her anxieties about the future are understandable.(她对未来的焦虑是可以理解的。)
词形变化:anxious adj. 焦虑的;渴望的
anxiously adv. 焦虑地
固定搭配:① with anxiety(焦虑地)
She waited for the result with anxiety.(她焦虑地等待结果。)
② anxiety about/over(对……的焦虑)
He has anxiety about his health.(他担心自己的健康。)
③ relieve anxiety(缓解焦虑)
Listening to music can relieve anxiety.(听音乐可以缓解焦虑。)
27、address
词义:① address作可数名词,意为“地址”。
Please write your address here.(请在这里写下你的地址。)
② address作动词,意为“写地址;称呼”。
Please address the letter to him.(请把信写上他的地址。)
词形变化:address的复数形式为addresses。
addresser n. 发件人
固定搭配:
① address sb. as(称呼某人为……)
We address him as Mr. Li.(我们称呼他李先生。)
②home address(家庭地址)
Please tell me your home address.(请告诉我你的家庭地址。)
28、account
词义:① account作可数名词,意为“账户”。
I opened a bank account.(我开了一个银行账户。)
②account作动词,意为“解释;说明”,常与for连用。
How do you account for your absence?(你如何解释你的缺席?)
词形变化:accountant n. 会计
固定搭配:① account for(解释)
His illness accounts for his absence.(他的病解释了他缺席的原因。)
② take ... into account(把……考虑在内)
You should take his age into account.(你应该把他的年龄考虑在内。)
③ on account of(因为)
He was late on account of the rain.(他因为下雨迟到了。)
④ open an account(开户)
I want to open an account.(我想开个账户。)
29、increase
词义:① increase作动词,意为“增加;增长”。
The number of students increased.(学生人数增加了。)
② increase作可数名词,意为“增加;增长”。
There is an increase in the price of food.(食品价格上涨了。)
固定搭配:① increase by(增加了……)
The price increased by 10%.(价格上涨了10%。)
② increase to(增加到……)
The number increased to 500.(数量增加到了500。)
③ an increase in(在……方面的增加)
There is an increase in traffic.(交通量增加了。)
易错点:
increase by表示增加的幅度,increase to表示增加到某个数量。
30、blood
词义:① blood作不可数名词,意为“血;血液”。
He lost a lot of blood.(他流了很多血。)
词形变化:bloody adj. 流血的;血腥的
bleed v. 流血
固定搭配:① blood pressure(血压)
He has high blood pressure.(他有高血压。)
② donate blood(献血)
Many people donate blood every year.(许多人每年献血。)
易错点:
blood是不可数名词,不说a blood或bloods。bleed是动词,过去式bled。
31、wound
词义:① wound作可数名词,意为“伤口;创伤”。
The wound on his leg is deep.(他腿上的伤口很深。)
② wound作动词,意为“使受伤;伤害”。
He was wounded in the war.(他在战争中受伤了。)
词形变化:wound的复数形式为wounds。
wounded adj. 受伤的
固定搭配:
① a deep wound(深深的伤口)
The doctor cleaned the deep wound.(医生清洗了深深的伤口。)
② be wounded in(在……部位受伤)
He was wounded in the leg.(他腿部受伤。)
③ wound sb.'s feelings(伤害某人的感情)
Her words wounded his feelings.(她的话伤害了他的感情。)
辨析: wound与injury
wound通常指战争、武器造成的伤。
He was wounded in the war.(他在战争中受伤。)
injury指事故、运动等造成的伤。
He got an injury in the game.(他在比赛中受伤。)
易错点:
wound作名词时可数,复数为wounds。wounded作形容词,the wounded表示“伤员”。
32、mall
词义:① mall作可数名词,意为“购物中心”。
The mall is very big.(这个购物中心很大。)
固定搭配:
① shopping mall(购物中心)
② at the mall(在购物中心)
33、notebook
词义:① notebook作可数名词,意为“笔记本”、“笔记本电脑”。
I write notes in my notebook.(我在笔记本上记笔记。)
He bought a new notebook.(他买了一台新笔记本电脑。)
固定搭配:
① write in a notebook(在笔记本上写)
Please write your name in the notebook.(请把你的名字写在笔记本上。)
② a notebook computer(笔记本电脑)
A notebook computer is easy to carry.(笔记本电脑便于携带。)
34、nut
词义:① nut作可数名词,意为“坚果”。
I like eating nuts.(我喜欢吃坚果。)
35、wild
词义:wild作形容词,意为“野生的;野的”。
Wild animals live in the forest.(野生动物生活在森林里。)
词形变化:wildly adv. 疯狂地
wilderness n. 荒野
固定搭配:① wild animal(野生动物)
We should protect wild animals.(我们应该保护野生动物。)
② in the wild(在野外)
Pandas live in the wild.(熊猫生活在野外。)
36、recognize
词义:① recognize作动词,意为“认出;辨认出”。英式也可拼作recognise。
I didn't recognize you.(我没认出你。)
② recognize作动词,意为“承认;认可”。
He recognized his mistake.(他承认了错误。)
词形变化:recognition n. 认出;承认
固定搭配:① recognize sb./sth.(认出某人/某物)
I recognized his voice.(我听出了他的声音。)
② recognize ... as ...(承认……是……)
They recognized him as the best student.(他们承认他是最好的学生。)
③ be recognized as(被认为是)
He is recognized as a great writer.(他被认为是一位伟大的作家。)
37、divide
词义:① divide作动词,意为“分开;(把……)分成 ”。
Divide the class into four groups.(把班级分成四组。)
词形变化:division n. 分开;除法
固定搭配:① divide ... into ...(把……分成……)
Divide the apple into four pieces.(把苹果分成四块。)
② be divided into(被分成)
The book is divided into three parts.(这本书被分成三部分。)
辨析:① divide与separate
divide强调把整体分成若干部分。
Divide the cake into six pieces.(把蛋糕分成六块。)
separate强调把原来在一起的东西分开。
Separate the good apples from the bad ones.(把好苹果和坏苹果分开。)
38、fully
词义:① fully作副词,意为“完全地;充分地”。
She fully understood the problem.(她完全理解了这个问题。)
词形变化:full adj. 满的;完全的
fullness n. 满;完全
固定搭配:① fully understand(完全理解)
I fully understand your feeling.(我完全理解你的感受。)
②fully prepared(充分准备)
We are fully prepared for the exam.(我们为考试做好了充分准备。)
单元单词、短语用法练习
一、根据提示填写单词
1.The teacher asked us to put the desks back in their correct ________(位置).
2.The film was full of ________(悲伤) and made many people cry.
3.How did your father ________(反应) to the news?
4.The human ________(大脑) is very important for us.
5.Please ________(复述) the story in your own words.
6.The old man often takes his little ________(孙子) to the park on Sundays.
7.I read an interesting p________ about animals yesterday.
8.We often d________ our problems with our teachers.
9.Our teacher asked us to o________ a class meeting.
10.We should respect different v________ on this question.
11.Taking notes in class is an e________ way to learn English.
12.She felt great a________ before the speech.
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
13.Her eyes were full of _______ (sad) when she heard the bad news.
14.What was his _______ (react) to your suggestion?
15.She _______ (retell) the story to her little brother yesterday.
16.We had a heated _______ (discuss) about the problem.
17.She is the _______ (organize) of the school sports meeting.
18.This method is very _______ (effect) in learning new words.
19.She waited for the result with _______ (anxious).
20.The book is _______ (divide) into three parts.
21.She _______ (full) understood the problem after the teacher explained it.
22.He has a good _______ (brain) for math.
三、单项选择
23.We have _______ paper. Can you lend us some?
A.run out of B.run out C.run away D.run after
24.My shoes are _______ out. I need to buy a new pair.
A.worn B.wear C.wearing D.wears
25. The hotel is in a good ________. It is near the train station.
A.position B.direction C.condition D.invention
26. He couldn't hide his ________ when his best friend moved away.
A.sadness B.happiness C.kindness D.darkness
27.She has anxiety _______ her son's safety.
A.about B.with C.for D.to
28.The number of students increased _______ 200 last year.
A.to B.by C.in D.for
29.We took food and drinks and had a ________ in the park last Sunday.
A.picnic B.lesson C.meeting D.test
30.I didn't ________ him at first because he had changed a lot.
A.recognize B.realize C.receive D.repeat
四、根据汉语提示完成句子
31.别把这两个名字弄混了。
Don't _______ _______ these two names.
32.你应该充分利用你的时间。
You should _______ your time _______ _______ _______.
33.她失业后经历了一段艰难的时光。
She _______ _______ a difficult time after losing her job.
34.昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了他。
I _______ _______ meet him in the street yesterday.
35.记住你应该小心。
_______ _______ _______ that you should be careful.
36.带把伞以防下雨。
Take an umbrella _______ _______ it rains.
37.首先,我们需要制定一个计划。
_______ _______ _______, we need to make a plan.
38.她可能会赢得比赛。
She is _______ _______ win the game.
39.我们和老师讨论了这个问题。
We _______ the problem _______ our teacher.
40.在我看来,我们应该早点出发。
_______ _______ _______, we should start early.
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