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专题02 易错点、语法点归纳及专项训练
Unit 1 Teenagers today
1.take part in参加,参与
该短语中,part前一般不用冠词,但当part前有形容词修饰时,形容词前可加不定冠词。
Students can different activities to learn something new.学生可以参加不同的活动来学习新知识。
She the theater group.她积极参加剧团的演出。
【易混辨析】 take part in与join
take part in
侧重指参加会议或群众性活动,并在其中发挥作用。
join
侧重指加入某个团体、机构或组织,成为其中一员,如参军、入团、入党等。
【语境串记】
I an English club and many activities to improve my spoken English last month.上个月,为了提高我的英语口语水平,我加入了一个英语俱乐部,并参加了很多活动。
2.unless /ʌnˈles/ conj. 除非……
引导条件状语从句。如果主句为一般将来时、祈使句或主句谓语含有情态动词,从句常用一般现在时表将来。
Unless it tomorrow, we go camping.如果明天不下雨,我们就去野营。
TV unless you finish your homework.除非你完成家庭作业,否则不要看电视。
You taking exercise unless you about your health.你应该坚持锻炼,除非你不在乎你的健康。
用法拓展
unless通常情况下可与if...not结构进行转换。
Unless we are careful, we can’t do our work well.=If we are not careful, we can’t do our work well.如果不仔细的话,我们就不能把工作做好。
3.amaze /əˈmeɪz/ v.使大为惊奇
amaze sb.使某人感到惊奇
【固定搭配】It amazes sb. how/what/that...让某人感到惊讶的是……
His music talent me.他的音乐天赋让我吃惊。
It me how much she has improved.她进步很大,让我感到很惊讶。
词形拓展
amazed adj.大为惊奇的
amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的
amazement n.吃惊,惊奇
4.be flooded with大量收到
此处flood作动词,意为“ (大量地)涌入,涌来” 。
The office was with complaints.事务所收到了大量投诉。
The village was flooded donations after the earthquake.地震后,这个村庄收到了大量捐款。
用法拓展
flood[名词]洪水
Many houses were washed away by the floods.许多房子被洪水冲走了。
5.interested /ˈɪntrəstɪd/ adj.感兴趣的
【易混辨析】 interested与interesting
interested
①表示人的主观感受;
②常作表语;
③常用于be/get interested in (doing) sth.“对(做)……感兴趣”结构。
interesting
①通常表示事物本身具有的性质、特征等;
②可作表语或定语。
6.surprising /səˈpraɪzɪŋ/ adj. 令人惊奇的,使人吃惊的,出人意料的
【易混辨析】 surprising, surprised与surprise
surprising
形容词
令人惊奇的,使人吃惊的
通常修饰物,说明事物本身的性质、特征等
surprised
形容词
惊奇的;感觉意外的
通常用来表示人的主观感受
surprise
动词
使惊讶;使感到意外
surprise sb.使某人惊讶
surprise
名词
惊讶,意外;令人惊奇的事
It is not that DIY is so popular. DIY如此受欢迎并不让人吃惊。
I was to see James’ name there!我很惊讶看到詹姆斯的名字在那里!
During break time, Mr Johnson surprised us another treat.课间休息时,约翰逊老师又给了我们一个惊喜。
To our , the film Ne Zha 2 has achieved such a huge success.令我们惊讶的是,电影《哪吒2》取得了如此巨大的成功。
【语境串记】
To my , Jack isn’t at the news.令我吃惊的是,杰克对这个令人惊讶的消息并不感到惊讶。
7.attention /əˈtenʃən/ n.注意
【固定搭配】draw (sb.’s) attention (to...)使(某人)注意(……)
pay attention to注意;关注
上面两个短语中的to为介词,其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
This film has drawn great .这个电影引起了极大的关注。
We should pay more attention to our traditional folk arts like puppet shows.我们应当更加关注保护木偶戏这类民间传统艺术。
8.abroad /əˈbrɔ:d/ adv. 在国外
【固定搭配】go abroad 出国
home and abroad 国内外
He went for further study several years ago and now comes back to his hometown.几年前他出国留学,现在回到了他的家乡。
Many internet users enjoy our online videos.国内外许多网友都喜欢我们的网络视频。
9.volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ n. 志愿者,义务工作者
(voluntary adj.自愿的;志愿的)
All over the world on World Animal Day, raise money for animal centres and social organisations.在世界动物日,全世界的志愿者为动物中心和社会组织筹集资金。
As a , he helps to check the area’s sanitation conditions and safety risks for the community.作为一名志愿者,他协助检查片区的卫生状况和安全隐患。
词义拓展 [动词]自愿做;义务做
【固定搭配】volunteer as...自愿充当……
volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事;义务做某事
I volunteered a guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend.上周末我自愿在成都博物馆当向导。
We volunteered clean up our city park.我们自愿打扫我们的城市公园。
10.report /rɪˈpɔ:t/ n.报道 ( reporter n.记者)
【固定搭配】write a report写报告
make/give a report做报告
表示“关于……的报告”时常用介词of/on/about。
I’m writing a about the future jobs.我正在写一份关于未来职业的报告。
Can you give a on English writing in our school?你能在我们学校做个关于英语写作的报告吗?
词义拓展 [动词]报道;报告
【固定搭配】It’s reported that...据报道……
When should I report to you?我应该什么时候向你汇报?
It is reported that the lovely flowers of my neighbourhood have attracted lots of tourists. 据报道,我家附近美丽的花朵吸引了大量游客。
11.educator /ˈedjʊkeɪtə/ n. 教育家
由“educate(v.教育)去e+-or(名词后缀)”构成。
Ye Shengtao was a respected in China.叶圣陶是中国一位受人尊敬的教育家。
Every good cares about students’ growth.每一位优秀的教育工作者都关心学生的成长。
词形拓展
【语境串记】
A good tries his/her best to young people. He/She believes that good is important for everyone, and he/she always chooses activities to help students grow.优秀的教育工作者尽全力教育年轻人。他/她相信良好的教育对每个人都很重要,并且总会选择有教育意义的活动帮助学生成长。
12.nation /ˈneɪʃən/ n. 国家
Our has a long history and rich culture. 我们的国家有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化。
This is an important moment in our history. 这是我们国家历史上的重要时刻。
词形拓展
national adj.国家的;民族的
international adj.国际的
【语境串记】
We take pride in our culture. At the meetings, we show the best of our to the world.我们为我们的民族文化感到自豪。在国际会议上,我们向
世界展示我们国家最好的一面。
13.take action采取行动
可单独使用,也可后接动词不定式。
【固定搭配】take action to do sth.采取行动做某事
If more countries start to like China, the earth will become a greener planet.如果更多国家像中国一样开始采取行动,地球将会变成一个更绿意盎然的星球。
Everyone should to save water in daily life.每个人都应该在日常生活中采取行动来节约用水。
14.wealthy ( 近义词:rich 反义词:poor“贫穷的”)
/ˈwelθi/ adj. 富有的,富裕的
由“wealth(n.财富)+-y(形容词后缀)”构成。其比较级为wealthier,最高级为wealthiest。
the wealthy 富人;有钱人
He appeared to be a gentleman while he really was a poor painter.他看上去是个富有的绅士,而实际上是一个贫穷的画家。
词缀拓展
-y常加在名词后,构成形容词。如:
health n.健康—healthy adj.健康的
luck n.幸运—lucky adj.幸运的
15.independent /ˌɪndəˈpendənt/ adj. 独立的,自主的
由“in-(否定前缀)+dependent(adj. 依赖的)”构成。
learning teaches children to be responsible for themselves.独立学习教会孩子们对自己负责。
The earlier kids learn to be , the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立,对他们的未来就越好。
词形拓展
independence[不可数名词]独立
I want to live a life of independence.我想独立生活。
语法
原因状语从句
一.定义
原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的。是由because(因为);since(因为;由于);as(因为);for(因为);now that(既然;由于)等从属连词引导的状语从句。如:
I didn’t go to school yesterday I was ill. 我昨天没去上学,因为我生病了。
---- Why can’t I go? 为什么我不能去?---- you’re too young. 因为你年纪太小了。
everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了,让我们开始开会吧.
you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然你身体不好,你就不该熬夜.
you are not feeling well, you’d better stay at home. 既然你不太舒服,还是留在家里的好。
I asked her to stay to tea, I had something to tell her. 我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.
everybody has come, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了,让我们开始我们的会议。
二.as, because, since和for的区别
①because(因为)如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。对于以why开头的问句,一般只能用because引导的从句来回答。如:
I missed the train because I got up late. 我错过了火车因为我起晚了。
②since(因为;由于;既然)和as(因为),如果原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其余部分重要,就用as或since,since比as稍微正式一些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。如:
this method doesn’t work, let’s try another. 既然这种方法不行,我们试试另一个。
he was not well, I decided to go there without him. 因为他身体不好,我决定独自去了。
③for(因为)表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,因此,for引导的从句可以放在括号里,而且for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。如:
I decided to stop and have lunch, I was feeling quite hungry. 我决定停下来吃午饭,因为我觉得非常饿。
条件状语从句
一.定义
条件状语从句是由if(如果);unless=if not(除非;如果不);as/so long as(只要)等从属连词引导的状语从句。可分为真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件状语从句,在初中阶段只学习真实条件状语从句。如:
Please call me if he is at home. 假如他在家的话,请给我打电话。
As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着, 我就要学习。
Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 我们出去散步,除非你太累了。
If you are not too tied, let’s go out for a walk. 如果你不太累,让我们出去散散步。
二.条件状语从句的时态
一般来说条件状语从句的主句与从句的时态要前后一致。但条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样,如果主句谓语动词用一般将来时,从句谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来时间。如:
I won’t go there with you if it tomorrow. 如果明天下雨的话,我就不和你一起去那儿了。
You will fail unless you study hard. = You will fail if you study hard. 除非你努力学习,否则你会考不及格的。
三.条件状语从句主从句的位置
大多数情况下,从句可位于主句前,也可位于主句后。如从句在前时,主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。如:
Please tell me if he comes back. = If he comes back, please tell me. 如果他回来了,请告诉我一声。
四.条件状语从句和主句还有一个共同的伙伴,有时它可以替代从句和主句,它就是“祈使句+and / or+简单句”。其中and表示句意顺承;or则表示转折,意为“否则”。它们可以和if引导的条件状语从句互换。如:
If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the train.=Hurry up, you’ll miss the train. 如果你不快点儿,你就赶不上火车了。
If you work harder, you’ll pass the exam.=Work , and you’ll pass the exam. 如果你再努力些,你就会通过考试。
五.if引导的宾语从句和状语从句的区别
if既可以引导宾语从句又可以引导状语从句。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,意为“是否”,遵循宾语从句的时态规则;充当从属连词,引导条件状语从句时,意为“如果”,若主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。
① We will go out if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好,我们就出去。
② I don’t know if the train has arrived. 我不知道火车是否到了。
句①中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”,整个句子的意思是“如果明天天气好,我们就出去”。句②中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语,整个句子意思是“我不知道火车是否到了”。
Unit 2 On the money
1.spare /speə/ adj. 备用的;多余的,闲置的
(1)[形容词]备用的 用于名词前作定语。
Take some clothes in case you get wet.多带几件衣服,以备身上弄湿了好穿。
(2)[形容词]多余的,闲置的 通常用于名词前作定语。
I’m afraid I haven’t got any cash.恐怕我手头没有多余的现金。
词义拓展 [形容词]空闲的
in one’s spare time在某人的空闲时间
Lucy often visits her grandparents . 露西经常在空闲时看望她的祖父母。
2.own /əʊn/ adj. 自己的,属于自己的
一般放在形容词性物主代词或所有格之后,用于强调“某人/物自己的”。
Every season is beautiful in its way.每个季节都有它独特的美。
In 2022, Yan Hongsen made his decision to build his rocket.2022年,严弘森下定决心要造自己的火箭。
词义拓展(1)[代词]常用于以下短语中:
on one’s own 单独;独自
of one’s own 属于某人自己的
He can do lots of things on his own(=by himself).他能独自做很多事情。
He has a mind of his own.他很有主见。
(2)[动词]拥有 不用于进行时态。
Bob owns the farm.鲍勃拥有这个农场。
3.make sense解释得通;有道理
sense前可加no、little、good等修饰词。
Why does he like that kind of insect? It doesn’t seem to .他为什么喜欢那种昆虫?这似乎讲不通。
There are strict medicals for pilots, which .飞行员要接受严格的体检,这是很有道理的。
4.manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ v. 成功应付,得以对付过去
尤指遇到难题或困境时成功应付或对付过去,常与介词with/without连用。
How do you without a washing machine?没有洗衣机你怎么对付?
词义拓展(1)[动词]负责,管理(某企业或部门)
(2)[动词]终于做成,设法做到
【固定搭配】
manage to do sth.设法做成某事
She to learn how to write each Chinese character by watching videos online.她通过在网上看视频,设法学会了每个汉字的写法。
5.deal with 处理,应付,应对
【辨析】
deal with与do with
deal with
处理,应付,应对”,强
调处理的方式、方法,常
与how连用。
How do you stress in your life?你如何应对生活中的压力?
do with
“处理;安置”,强调处理
的对象,常与what连用。
What should we the old books in the classroom?我们该如何处理教室里的旧书?
6.pleasure /ˈpleʒə/ n. 愉快,快乐;满足
【固定搭配】
have the pleasure of doing sth.有幸做某事
take pleasure in...从……中获得乐趣
A smile shows that a person has a feeling of great .微笑表明一个人感到无比愉悦。
May I have the of seeing you again?我能否有幸再次和您见面?
He takes great in photography.他非常喜爱摄影。
7.end /end/ n. 最后部分,末尾 v. 结束,停止
(1)[名词]最后部分,末尾
【固定搭配】
in the end 最后;终究
at the end of 在……结束时
by the end of 在……结束前
I’m sure we’ll win in the end.我确信我们最后能赢。
The foreign students sang a Chinese song the party.那些外国学生在派对结束时唱了一首中文歌曲。
He wants the reports the month.他要在月底前见到报告。
(2)[动词]结束,停止
【固定搭配】
end with 以……结束
The sudden thunder and rain the festival.突如其来的雷雨使庆祝活动草草收尾。
Her note ends “See you soon”.她的便条以“再见”结束。
8.expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的,花钱多的
反义词为cheap“便宜的”,常用expensive或cheap来形容物品的贵或便宜。
This coat is too . Please show me a cheap one.这件外套太贵了。请给我拿一件便宜的。
She got an handbag as a birthday gift from her uncle.她收到了叔叔送的一个昂贵的手提包作为生日礼物。
用法拓展 表示价格(price)的高或低要用high或low。
The prices of watches are very low at that store.那家店的手表很便宜。
9.date /deɪt/ n. 日期,日子
询问今天的日期时,常用句型“What’s the date today?”,回答常用“(It’s +)日期.”。
Please give your name, address and of birth.请提供你的姓名、住址和出生日期。
We need to set a for the next meeting.我们需要为下次会议定个日期。
—What’s the today, Lisa?莉萨,今天几号?—It’s June 22nd. 6月22日。
词义拓展 [名词]约会
have a date with sb.与某人约会
I’ll have a date with Lucy tomorrow.我明天要和露西约会。
10.sale /seɪl/ n. 出售,销售
【固定搭配】
on sale出售;廉价出售
for sale待售
Tickets are from the booking office.售票处正在售票。
These gloves are for only 5 yuan a pair.这些手套减价出售,只卖5元一副。
They’ve put their house up .他们把房子挂牌出售了。
词义拓展 [可数名词]大减价;特价销售
I bought a coat in the sales.我在大减价时买了一件外套。
11.organise v. 组织,筹划,安排
In order to raise money for the school library, we are going to some activities.为了给学校图书馆筹款,我们将组织一些活动。
Students need to learn how to their time.学生需要学会如何安排好自己的时间。
词形拓展
【语境串记】
The of the party is from a large . He is very and
has many famous activities.这场聚会的组织者来自一家大型机构。他非常有条理,组织过许多知名活动。
12.worth /wɜːθ/ adj. 值……钱
The ring is 5,000 yuan.这枚戒指值5 000元。
How much is this painting ?这幅画值多少钱?
词义拓展 [形容词]值得
be worth doing sth.值得做某事
The film Ne Zha 2 is worth . I have seen it three times so far.电影《哪吒2》值得一看。到目前为止,我已经看过三次了。
13.even though 即使;虽然,尽管
相当于even if,引导让步状语从句。even though/if不能和but连用,但可以和yet、still连用。
you are sad, try smiling.你即使很难过,也要试着微笑。
I like listening to his lecture, I can only understand about half of what he says.尽管他所讲的内容我只能理解大约一半,但我还是喜欢听他的演讲。
时间状语从句
(1)时间状语从句表示时间,常用when;while;as;before;after;since;till/until;as soon as等连词来引导。时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时,只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
①由when(在……的时候;当……的时候)引导的时间状语从句,可表示“时间点”或“时间段”,从句谓语可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词。when可以指主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时或先后发生。如:
When I home, he was having supper. 当我回到家的时候,他正在吃饭。
When he home, he had a little rest. 回到家以后,他休息了一会儿。
When she into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时,我正在看书。
②由while(当……的时候) 引导的时间状语从句,只可表示“时间段”,从句谓语只限于延续性动词。while强调主句谓语动词表示的动作持续于while从句所指的整个时间内;如:
Please listen to me carefully while I . 我读的时候请认真听。
I can listen to the radio while I . 我可以边听收音机边工作。
While I was sleeping, my father in. 我睡觉时,我的父亲进来了。
Father was cleaning the car while I computer games. 当我正在打电脑游戏时,爸爸在清洗汽车。
③由as (当……的时候)引导的时间状语从句,表示的是一件事情正在发生,另一件事也正在进行当中。但与 while 从句不同的是,as 从句一般不用正在进行时,而只是一般过去时。as 从句一般可以翻译成“一边……一边……;与……同时”。as 表达的事件,往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时,as 只是一个次要的时间说明,不像while 从句有强调 while 动作本身的意思。因此,as也常翻译成“随着……”之意。as从句是终止性动词时,主句通常也必须是终止性动词。如:
The little girls sang as they . 小姑娘们一边走,一边唱。
The students took notes as they . 学生们边听课边做笔记。
As we talked on, he more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈的时候,他越来越兴奋。
As years by, China is getting stronger and richer. 随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。
④由before(在……之前)和after(在……之后)引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的主句谓语用的是过去完成时,则从句动词多用一般过去时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后。after表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。如:
Einstein almost knocked me down before he me. 爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
My father had left for Canada just before the letter . 我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
After we had finished the work, we home. 完成工作之后,我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时)
I will out to play basketball with you after I finish my homework. 我做完功课后就和你一起出去打篮球。
⑤由since(自从……以来)引导的时间状语从句。它的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is+时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。如:
I have been in Beijing since you . 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。
We have made many dumplings since we to cook. 自从我们开始做饭,我们已经包了许多饺子了。
It is four years since my sister in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
It has been/is three years since we last time. 自从我们上次见面,已经三年了。
⑥由until/till(直到……为止;直到……才)引导的时间状语从句。一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。需要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式,表示“直到……才”的意思,主句谓语动词一般用终止性动词,这时,till和until可用before替换;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同,until和till在肯定句中意为“直到……为止”。till不可以用在句首,而until可以放在句首。如:
I worked until he back. 我工作到他回来为止。
I didn’t work until he back. 他回来我这才开始工作。
We won’t start until/till/before Bob . 直到鲍勃来我们才会开始。
He didn’t go to bed until/till he his homework. 他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续)
⑦由as soon as引导的时间状语从句。表示“一……就……”,强调动作紧密相连。
We began t work as soon as we there. 我们一到那儿,就马上开始工作。
As soon as I Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。
(2)时间状语从句的时态:
一般来说时间状语从句的主句与从句的时态前后要一致。如果时间状语从句主句谓语动词用一般将来时,从句谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来时间。如:
I will call you as soon as I there. 我一到达那儿就给你打电话。
Mozart started writing music when he four years old. (当)莫扎特四岁的时候,开始写音乐作品。
(3)时间状语从句主从句的位置:
大多数情况下,从句可位于主句前,也可位于主句后。如从句在前时,主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。如:
It was raining hard when (as) I got there.= When (As) I got there, it raining hard. 我到那里时,正在下大雨。
(4)when引导的宾语从句和状语从句的区别:
when引导时间状语从句时,意为“当……时候”;引导宾语从句时,意为“什么时候”。如:
He when we will hold the sports meeting. 他问我们什么时候开运动会。
When the weather fine, many families go out for a walk. 天气好时,很多家庭都出去散步。
---- Do you know when he back tomorrow? 你知道明天他什么时候回来吗?
---- Sorry, I don’t. When he back, I’ll tell you. 对不起我不知道,当他回来的时候,我就告诉你。
(5)when,while和as的区别和联系:都可表示“当……的时候”,但用法有区别:
① when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。
如:When she in, I stopped eating. 她进来时,我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)
When I in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him. 当的住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)
We were about to leave when he in. 我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。
② while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。
如:While my wife the newspaper, I was watching TV. 当我妻子在看报纸的时候,我在看电视。(was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生)
I like playing football you like playing basketball. 我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)
③ as表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后”。如:We always sing as we walk. 我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”)
As we was going out, it to snow. 当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)
④ 从句谓语是持续性动词时,when、while和as可以互换。
如:I met an old friend of mine as/when/while I along the street. 当我沿街散步时,碰见了我的一个老朋友。
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as/when/while father away.
妈妈担心,因为小爱丽丝病了,特别是他父亲不在家的时候。
⑤ 主从句谓语都是终止性动词时,when与as可互换。
如:It hard when (as) I got there. 我到那里时,正在下大雨。
(动作同时发生,when可换为as,但不能换为while,因为get是点动词.)
⑥ 从句谓语表示状态时,通常用while。
如:While we in Beijing, the weather was fine. 当我们在北京的时候,天气晴朗。
地点状语从句
是由where(哪里/儿);wherever(无论何地);anywhere(无论何处);everywhere(到处)等从属连词引导的状语从句。如:
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。(谚语)
Wherever there is smoke, there is fire. 无风不起浪。(谚语)
Wherever you go, I go too. 无论你到什么地方,我都去。(wherever=no matter where)无论何处,多用于句首。
It will be mixed school where not all the children are disabled.它将是一所混合式学校,那里的儿童并不都是残疾。
Unit 3 Past passing by
1.remains /rɪˈmeɪnz/ n. 遗迹
Some are on the surface, but others are underground or even underwater. 有些遗迹在地表,有些则在地下甚至水下。
Archaeologists use technology to look for . 考古学家利用科技来寻找遗迹。
词义拓展 [名词]剩余物;剩饭菜
She fed the of her lunch to the dog.她把剩下的午饭喂狗了。
2.lie的用法
[动词]位于
lie in 位于
过去式为lay,过去分词为lain,现在分词为lying
Yangzhou in central Jiangsu Province. 扬州位于江苏省的中部。
[动词]躺
You are too tired. Please down for a while.你太累了,请躺一会儿。
[动词]撒谎
lie to sb. 对某人撒谎
过去式为lied,过去分词为lied,现在分词为lying
Don’t lie me again. 不要再对我撒谎。
[名词]
谎言
tell lies/a lie 说谎
The teacher asks us not to tell .老师要求我们不要说谎。
3.such与so
两者都表示程度,意为“如此;这样”,区别如下:
such
限定词
such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数
such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词
so
副词
so+adj./adv.
so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数
so+many/much/few/little(少的)+名词
She’s a little monkey. 她真是一个小捣蛋鬼。
It’s a pity to waste delicious food. 浪费这么好吃的食物真是可惜。
They all looked nice and cute. 她们看起来都这么漂亮可爱。
She is nice a girl. 她是一个如此好的女孩。
I’m afraid little water won’t be enough to drink. 就这么点儿水,我怕不够喝。
4.valuable /ˈvæljuəbəl/ adj. 宝贵的,有价值的
由“value(n. 价值)去e + -able(形容词后缀)”构成。
be valuable to sb. 对某人来说很珍贵
Time is and we should value it. 时间是宝贵的,我们应该珍惜它。
This old necklace is very and it means a lot to my grandmother. 这条旧项链很贵重,对我奶奶来说意义重大。
5.luck /lʌk/ n. 好运,幸运
[不可数名词]常用短语有:
good luck 好运 bad luck 不幸
in luck 运气好 out of luck 运气不佳
We always see red as the symbol of hope and good . 我们总是把红色看作是希望和好运的象征。
My bad has unexpectedly turned into a good thing. 我的坏运气出乎意料地变成了好事。
You’re out of . She’s not here. 真不巧,她不在这儿。
词形拓展
6.detailed adj. 详尽的,详细的
由“detail(n. 细节)+ -ed(形容词后缀)”构成。
He gave me instructions on how to get there. 他详细地告诉我如何去那里。
Mary made a study plan to improve her English. 玛丽制订了一个详尽的学习计划来提高自己的英语水平。
7.weight /weɪt/ n.(某物的)重量,分量
作可数名词和不可数名词均可。
the weight of ……的重量
lose weight 减肥
put on/gain weight 体重增加
【语境串记】
Lisa is trying to lose . But I think she should put on , because she is so thin that she can’t bear the of a small package. 莉萨正在努力减肥。但是我认为她应该增肥,因为她太瘦了,以至于承受不了一个小包裹的重量。
词形拓展 weigh [动词]有……重;称重量
She 60 kilos. 她体重为60千克。
She the stone in her hand. 她用手掂了掂那块石头的重量。
8.【辨析】besides与except
besides
除……之外(还)
包括besides后面的内容,含有“加上”的意思。
except
除……之外
强调所排除的内容不包括在内,含有“减去”的意思。
providing delicious food, the smart school also tries to help students develop good living habits. 除了提供美味的食物之外,这所智慧学校还努力帮助学生养成良好的生活习惯。
Last weekend, all of us went for a picnic Tom because he was ill. 上周末,除了汤姆,我们都去野餐了,因为他病了。
9.creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/ n. 独创性,创造性,创造力
She showed great in her art project. 她在美术课题中展现了极强的创造力。
We can develop by reading more books.我们可以通过多读书来培养创造力。
【语境串记】
Liu Cixin is a writer and he has many works full of . 刘慈欣是一位有创造力的作家,他已经创作出很多富有独创性的作品。
词形拓展
10.pride /praɪd/ n. 自豪,骄傲
take pride in sb./sth. “为某人/某物感到自豪”,相当于be proud of sb./sth.。
David let the kite go and watched with as it danced beautifully in the sky. 戴维松开风筝,骄傲地看着它在天空中优美地飞舞。
He is kind and brave. Everyone (=is proud of)him. 他善良又勇敢。所有人都为他感到骄傲。
语法
目的状语从句
(1)目的状语从句表示目的。是由so that(“以便,为了,目的是”从句谓语常有情态动词);in order that(为了;以便);in case(以防;以免;万一)等从属连词引导的状语从句。
1.You must speak louder you can be heard by all. 你必须说大声点,以便大家都能听到。
2.She bought a digital camera online she saved a lot of time. 她在网上买了个相机让她节省了很多时间。
3.We used the computer in that we might save time. 我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。
=We used the computer save time. 我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。
4.I will take some money in I will use it. 我会带一些钱去以防我要用
5.He left early in he should miss the train. 他早早地离开,以防错过火车。
(2)so that 引导的目的状语从句可转换成动词不定式短语。
She hurried to school so that she might not be late. 她急急忙忙去上学,为了不迟到。
→She hurried to school (in order) not to be late. 她急急忙忙去上学,为了不迟到。
结果状语从句
(1) 结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句,通常主句是原因,从句是结果。是由so...that(如此……以至于……);such...that(如此……以至于……)等从属连词引导的状语从句。常用的句式主要有:
① …+so+形容词/副词+that从句。
1.He spoke I couldn’t follow him. 他说得太快,我跟不上他。
2.The suit cost he didn’t buy it. 那套衣服太贵,他没有买。
3,His shoes were he must brush them. 他的鞋子这么脏,他必须把它们洗一下。
② …+such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句。
1.It is nobody can move it. 这个盒子太重了没有人能够搬动它。
2.It’s everybody likes reading it. 这是一个如此有趣的故事,大家都喜欢读它。
③ …+such+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句。在“形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”结构中,当名词前有many, much, few, little表示数量的多少时,名词前用so(构成:“so+many/few+复数可数名词+that从句”或“so+much/little+不可数名词+that从句”)。
1.It is we have to stay at home. 天气是如此恶劣,我们不得不呆在家里。
2.He told us we all laughed. 他对我们讲了那么些有趣的故事,我们全都哈哈大笑。
3.She made she didn’t pass the exam. 她犯的错误太多了,以致于她没有通过考试。
4.He has he can’t come this evening. 他有那么多的工作要做,以致他今晚不能来了。
④ …+so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句。
Tom is he can answer the question. 汤姆很聪明,他能回答这个问题。
(2)so… that引导的结果状语从句可以转换成不定式的简单句:以“so...that”引导的结果状语从句可以转换成不定式的简单句,即可转换为“...enough to...”或“...too...to”句型,但这种转换必须符合下列条件:
① 当主句和从句的主语一致,且that从句是肯定句时,可用“enough to do sth.”来转换。
1.The man is so strong that he can lift the heavy box. 这个男人如此的强壮,以致于他能举起这只沉重箱子。
→The man is to lift the heavy box. 这个男人如此的强壮,以致于他能举起这只沉重箱子。
2.He was so clever that he can understand what I said. 他是如此的聪明,他能理解我所说的话。
→He was to understand what I said. 他是如此的聪明,他能理解我所说的话。
② 当主句和从句的主语不一致,且that从句是肯定句时,可以用“enough for sb. to do sth.”来替换,但须注意不定式的宾语要省略。
1.The box is so light that he can carry it. =The box is for him to carry. 这个箱子如此轻以至于我可以搬动它。
2.The question is so easy that I can work it out.=The question is for me to work out. 这个问题很容易,我们能算出。
③ 当主句和从句的主语一致,且that从句是否定句时,可以用“too...to…”来替换。
1.I was so tired that I couldn’t go on with the work.=I was go on with the work. 我太累了,不能继续工作了。
2.The girl is so young that she can’t dress herself.=The girl is dress herself. 这个女孩太小了,还不能自己穿衣服。
④ 当主句和从句的主语不一致,且that从句是否定时,如果要用“too...to...”替换“so...that...”,则用介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语,可以用“too...for sb. to do sth.”来替换,注意不定式的宾语要省略。
1.It is so hot that we can’t sleep.=It is sleep. 天气这么热,我们睡不着。
2.The bag is so heavy that she can’t move it.=The bag is move. 这个袋子太重了,她搬不动它。
专项训练
一.单项选择
1.You will not make progress ______ you keep practising every day.
A. if B. unless C. though D. because
2.The amazing news ______ all the students in our class.
A. amazed B. amazing C. amaze D. amazement
3.The social media is ______ messages from young people.
A. flooded with B. flood with C. flooded in D. flood in
4.He is ______ in the history of ancient remains.
A. interesting B. interested C. surprise D. surprising
5.We should ______ to protect our environment.
A. take action B. take part C. make sense D. deal with
6.The old vase is very ______. It is worth a lot of money.
A. wealth B. wealthy C. valuable D. value
7.He ______ to finish the hard work even when he felt tired.
A. managed B. tried C. succeeded D. dealt
8.This plan doesn’t ______. There are too many problems in it.
A. make sense B. make sure C. make up D. make out
9.______ he is very busy, he still works as a volunteer on weekends.
A. If B. Even though C. Unless D. When
10.The small town ______ on the northwest coast of the country.
A. lie B. lies C. lay D. laid
11.There are ______ many valuable treasures in the museum.
A. such B. so C. very D. quite
12.All the students went to the park ______ Tom. He was ill at home.
A. besides B. except C. except for D. beside
13.The ______ of this ancient statue surprises the archaeologists.
A. weigh B. weight C. weighted D. weighing
14.I have no ______ time to do extra work today.
A. spare B. own C. expensive D. worth
15.We take ______ in our country’s great development.
A. proud B. pride C. proudly D. prides
二.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.We were ________________ (amaze) at the surprising discovery.
2.The website ________________ (flood) with messages every day.
3.He is ________________ (interest) in the remains of old buildings.
4.The ________________ (surprise) result made us excited.
5.We should pay more ________________ (attend) to our safety.
6.The ________________ (wealth) man gives money to poor children.
7.He is an ________________ (independence) boy. He can look after himself.
8.He ________________ (manage) to pass the exam last term.
9.We need to learn how ________________ (deal) with our problems.
10.It is my great ________________ (please) to help you.
11.The house is too ________________ (expense) for the couple.
12.This old painting is ________________ (worth) lots of money.
13.The ________________ (remain) of the old city are well protected.
14.The stone ________________ (lie) on the coast many years ago.
15.This is a ________________ (value) treasure for our country.
16.Good ________________ (lucky) always comes to hard‑working people.
17.He gave us a ________________ (detail) report about the trip.
18.What is the ________________ (weigh) of this giant statue?
19.We should show our ________________ (create) in our work.
20.He takes great ________________ (proud) in his hometown.
三. 根据汉语提示完成句子
1.许多年轻人想要参加志愿者活动。
Many young people want to ________________________ volunteer activities.
2.除非你努力,否则你不会成功。
You won’t succeed ________________________ you work hard.
3.这个消息使我们大为惊奇。The news ________________________ all of us.
4.这个社交媒体收到大量留言。The social media ________________________ messages.
5.他对古代遗迹很感兴趣。He ________________________ the ancient remains.
6.这是一个令人惊奇的发现。This is a ________________________ discovery.
7.请多注意你的发音。Please pay more ________________________ your pronunciation.
8.他打算去国外学习。He plans to study ________________________.
9.他是一名热心的志愿者。He is a warm‑hearted ________________________.
10.这篇报道来自一位教育家。This ________________________ comes from an ________________________.
11.我们必须采取行动保护野生动物。We must ________________________ to protect wild animals.
12.这个富人经常帮助穷人。The ________________________ man often helps poor people.
13.孩子们应该学会独立。Kids should learn to be ________________________.
14.我没有多余的时间。I have no ________________________ time.
15.这是我自己的想法。This is my ________________________ idea.
16.这个计划讲得通。This plan ________________________.
17.他成功完成了这个任务。He ________________________ finish the task.
18.我们要学会处理生活中的困难。We should learn to ________________________ difficulties in life.
19.帮助你是我的荣幸。It is my great ________________________ to help you.
20.尽管下雨,我们仍然外出。________________________ it rained, we still went out.
四.句子翻译
1.除非你努力学习,否则你考试会不及格。
2.这个令人惊奇的消息使所有人都大为惊奇。
3.这家网站大量收到来自世界各地的信息。
4.我对古代的遗迹很感兴趣。
5.我们应该多关注环境保护。
6.许多学生想要去国外深造。
7.这位志愿者经常帮助社区里的老人。
8.这位教育家写了很多关于青少年的报道。
9.我们必须采取行动来拯救濒危动物。
10.这位富有的商人捐赠了很多钱。
11.青少年需要变得更加独立。
12.我没有多余的钱买昂贵的礼物。
13.这是我自己的学习方法。
14.你的想法很有道理。
15.他成功应对了生活中的各种难题。
16.我们要学会处理各种各样的问题。
17.能认识你是我的荣幸。
18.尽管天气很冷,他仍然坚持锻炼。
19.这座雕像位于海岸边。
20.我们为我们的国家感到自豪。
五.语法填空
阅读短文,在空白处填入适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many young people are 1. ________ (interest) in old culture. Last week, a volunteer 2. ________ (organise) a report about ancient remains. The report 3. ________ (amaze) lots of listeners.
The educator told us that some old buildings 4. ________ (lie) on the northwest coast. He said we should 5. ________ (take) action to protect them.
It is 6. ________ (value) to learn about our history. 7. ________ (luck), many visitors come to visit the place. We take great 8. ________ (pride) in our old culture.9. ________ you don’t study hard, you will miss many chances. Even 10. ________ it is hard, we should keep on learning.
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专题02 易错点、语法点归纳及专项训练
Unit 1 Teenagers today
1.take part in参加,参与
该短语中,part前一般不用冠词,但当part前有形容词修饰时,形容词前可加不定冠词。
Students can take part in different activities to learn something new.学生可以参加不同的活动来学习新知识。
She took an active part in acting in the theater group.她积极参加剧团的演出。
【易混辨析】 take part in与join
take part in
侧重指参加会议或群众性活动,并在其中发挥作用。
join
侧重指加入某个团体、机构或组织,成为其中一员,如参军、入团、入党等。
【语境串记】
I joined an English club and took part in many activities to improve my spoken English last month.上个月,为了
提高我的英语口语水平,我加入了一个英语俱乐部,并参加了很多活动。
2.unless /ʌnˈles/ conj. 除非……
引导条件状语从句。如果主句为一般将来时、祈使句或主句谓语含有情态动词,从句常用一般现在时表将来。
Unless it rains tomorrow, we will go camping.如果明天不下雨,我们就去野营。
Don’t watch TV unless you finish your homework.除非你完成家庭作业,否则不要看电视。
You should stick to taking exercise unless you do not care about your health.你应该坚持锻炼,除非你不在乎你的健康。
用法拓展
unless通常情况下可与if...not结构进行转换。
Unless we are careful, we can’t do our work well.=If we are not careful, we can’t do our work well.如果不仔细的话,我们就不能把工作做好。
3.amaze /əˈmeɪz/ v.使大为惊奇
amaze sb.使某人感到惊奇
【固定搭配】It amazes sb. how/what/that...让某人感到惊讶的是……
His music talent amazed me.他的音乐天赋让我吃惊。
It amazes me how much she has improved.她进步很大,让我感到很惊讶。
词形拓展
amazed adj.大为惊奇的
amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的
amazement n.吃惊,惊奇
4.be flooded with大量收到
此处flood作动词,意为“ (大量地)涌入,涌来” 。
The office was flooded with complaints.事务所收到了大量投诉。
The village was flooded with donations after the earthquake.地震后,这个村庄收到了大量捐款。
用法拓展
flood[名词]洪水
Many houses were washed away by the floods.许多房子被洪水冲走了。
5.interested /ˈɪntrəstɪd/ adj.感兴趣的
【易混辨析】 interested与interesting
interested
感兴趣的
①表示人的主观感受;
②常作表语;
③常用于be/get interested in (doing) sth.“对(做)……感兴趣”结构。
interesting
有趣的
①通常表示事物本身具有的性质、特征等;
②可作表语或定语。
6.surprising /səˈpraɪzɪŋ/ adj. 令人惊奇的,使人吃惊的,出人意料的
【易混辨析】 surprising, surprised与surprise
surprising
形容词
令人惊奇的,使人吃惊的
通常修饰物,说明事物本身的性质、特征等
surprised
形容词
惊奇的;感觉意外的
通常用来表示人的主观感受
surprise
动词
使惊讶;使感到意外
surprise sb.使某人惊讶
surprise
名词
惊讶,意外;令人惊奇的事
It is not surprising that DIY is so popular. DIY如此受欢迎并不让人吃惊。
I was surprised to see James’ name there!我很惊讶看到詹姆斯的名字在那里!
During break time, Mr Johnson surprised us with another treat.课间休息时,约翰逊老师又给了我们一个惊喜。
To our surprise, the film Ne Zha 2 has achieved such a huge success.令我们惊讶的是,电影《哪吒2》取得了如此巨大的成功。
【语境串记】
To my surprise, Jack isn’t surprised at the surprising news.令我吃惊的是,杰克对这个令人惊讶的消息并不感到惊讶。
7.attention /əˈtenʃən/ n.注意
【固定搭配】draw (sb.’s) attention (to...)使(某人)注意(……)
pay attention to注意;关注
上面两个短语中的to为介词,其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
This film has drawn great attention.这个电影引起了极大的关注。
We should pay more attention to protecting our traditional folk arts like puppet shows.我们应当更加关注保护木偶戏这类民间传统艺术。
8.abroad /əˈbrɔ:d/ adv. 在国外
【固定搭配】go abroad 出国
home and abroad 国内外
He went abroad for further study several years ago and now comes back to his hometown.几年前他出国留学,现在回到了他的家乡。
Many internet users at home and abroad enjoy our online videos.国内外许多网友都喜欢我们的网络视频。
9.volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ n. 志愿者,义务工作者
(voluntary adj.自愿的;志愿的)
All over the world on World Animal Day, volunteers raise money for animal centres and social organisations.在世界动物日,全世界的志愿者为动物中心和社会组织筹集资金。
As a volunteer, he helps to check the area’s sanitation conditions and safety risks for the community.作为一名志愿者,他协助检查片区的卫生状况和安全隐患。
词义拓展 [动词]自愿做;义务做
【固定搭配】volunteer as...自愿充当……
volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事;义务做某事
I volunteered as a guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend.上周末我自愿在成都博物馆当向导。
We volunteered to clean up our city park.我们自愿打扫我们的城市公园。
10.report /rɪˈpɔ:t/ n.报道 ( reporter n.记者)
【固定搭配】write a report写报告
make/give a report做报告
表示“关于……的报告”时常用介词of/on/about。
I’m writing a report about the future jobs.我正在写一份关于未来职业的报告。
Can you give a report on English writing in our school?你能在我们学校做个关于英语写作的报告吗?
词义拓展 [动词]报道;报告
【固定搭配】It’s reported that...据报道……
When should I report to you?我应该什么时候向你汇报?
It is reported that the lovely flowers of my neighbourhood have attracted lots of tourists. 据报道,我家附近美丽的花朵吸引了大量游客。
11.educator /ˈedjʊkeɪtə/ n. 教育家
由“educate(v.教育)去e+-or(名词后缀)”构成。
Ye Shengtao was a respected educator in China.叶圣陶是中国一位受人尊敬的教育家。
Every good educator cares about students’ growth.每一位优秀的教育工作者都关心学生的成长。
词形拓展
【语境串记】
A good educator tries his/her best to educate young people. He/She believes that good education is important for everyone, and he/she always chooses educational activities to help students grow.优秀的教育工作者尽全力教育年轻人。他/她相信良好的教育对每个人都很重要,并且总会选择有教育意义的活动帮助学生成长。
12.nation /ˈneɪʃən/ n. 国家
Our nation has a long history and rich culture. 我们的国家有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化。
This is an important moment in our nation’s history. 这是我们国家历史上的重要时刻。
词形拓展
national adj.国家的;民族的
international adj.国际的
【语境串记】
We take pride in our national culture. At the international meetings, we show the best of our nation to the world.我们为我们的民族文化感到自豪。在国际会议上,我们向
世界展示我们国家最好的一面。
13.take action采取行动
可单独使用,也可后接动词不定式。
【固定搭配】take action to do sth.采取行动做某事
If more countries start to take action like China, the earth will become a greener planet.如果更多国家像中国一样开始采取行动,地球将会变成一个更绿意盎然的星球。
Everyone should take action to save water in daily life.每个人都应该在日常生活中采取行动来节约用水。
14.wealthy ( 近义词:rich 反义词:poor“贫穷的”)
/ˈwelθi/ adj. 富有的,富裕的
由“wealth(n.财富)+-y(形容词后缀)”构成。其比较级
为wealthier,最高级为wealthiest。
the wealthy 富人;有钱人
He appeared to be a wealthy gentleman while he really was a poor painter.他看上去是个富有的绅士,而实际上是一个贫穷的画家。
词缀拓展
-y常加在名词后,构成形容词。如:
health n.健康—healthy adj.健康的
luck n.幸运—lucky adj.幸运的
15.independent /ˌɪndəˈpendənt/ adj. 独立的,自主的
由“in-(否定前缀)+dependent(adj. 依赖的)”构成。
Independent learning teaches children to be responsible for themselves.独立学习教会孩子们对自己负责。
The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立,对他们的未来就越好。
词形拓展
independence[不可数名词]独立
I want to live a life of independence.我想独立生活。
语法
原因状语从句
一.定义
原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的。是由because(因为);since(因为;由于);as(因为);for(因为);now that(既然;由于)等从属连词引导的状语从句。如:
I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill. 我昨天没去上学,因为我生病了。
---- Why can’t I go? 为什么我不能去?---- Because you’re too young. 因为你年纪太小了。
Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了,让我们开始开会吧.
As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然你身体不好,你就不该熬夜.
As (Since) you are not feeling well, you’d better stay at home. 既然你不太舒服,还是留在家里的好。
I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. 我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了,让我们开始我们的会议。
二.as, because, since和for的区别
①because(因为)如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。对于以why开头的问句,一般只能用because引导的从句来回答。如:
I missed the train because I got up late. 我错过了火车因为我起晚了。
②since(因为;由于;既然)和as(因为),如果原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其余部分重要,就用as或since,since比as稍微正式一些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。如:
Since this method doesn’t work, let’s try another. 既然这种方法不行,我们试试另一个。
As he was not well, I decided to go there without him. 因为他身体不好,我决定独自去了。
③for(因为)表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,因此,for引导的从句可以放在括号里,而且for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。如:
I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry. 我决定停下来吃午饭,因为我觉得非常饿。
条件状语从句
一.定义
条件状语从句是由if(如果);unless=if not(除非;如果不);as/so long as(只要)等从属连词引导的状语从句。可分为真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件状语从句,在初中阶段只学习真实条件状语从句。如:
Please call me if he is at home. 假如他在家的话,请给我打电话。
As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着, 我就要学习。
Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 我们出去散步,除非你太累了。
If you are not too tied, let’s go out for a walk. 如果你不太累,让我们出去散散步。
二.条件状语从句的时态
一般来说条件状语从句的主句与从句的时态要前后一致。但条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样,如果主句谓语动词用一般将来时,从句谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来时间。如:
I won’t go there with you if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨的话,我就不和你一起去那儿了。
You will fail unless you study hard. = You will fail if you don’t study hard. 除非你努力学习,否则你会考不及格的。
三.条件状语从句主从句的位置
大多数情况下,从句可位于主句前,也可位于主句后。如从句在前时,主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。如:
Please tell me if he comes back. = If he comes back, please tell me. 如果他回来了,请告诉我一声。
四.条件状语从句和主句还有一个共同的伙伴,有时它可以替代从句和主句,它就是“祈使句+and / or+简单句”。其中and表示句意顺承;or则表示转折,意为“否则”。它们可以和if引导的条件状语从句互换。如:
If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the train.=Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 如果你不快点儿,你就赶不上火车了。
If you work harder, you’ll pass the exam.=Work harder, and you’ll pass the exam. 如果你再努力些,你就会通过考试。
五.if引导的宾语从句和状语从句的区别
if既可以引导宾语从句又可以引导状语从句。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,意为“是否”,遵循宾语从句的时态规则;充当从属连词,引导条件状语从句时,意为“如果”,若主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。
① We will go out if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好,我们就出去。
② I don’t know if the train has arrived. 我不知道火车是否到了。
句①中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”,整个句子的意思是“如果明天天气好,我们就出去”。句②中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语,整个句子意思是“我不知道火车是否到了”。
Unit 2 On the money
1.spare /speə/ adj. 备用的;多余的,闲置的
(1)[形容词]备用的 用于名词前作定语。
Take some spare clothes in case you get wet.多带几件衣服,以备身上弄湿了好穿。
(2)[形容词]多余的,闲置的 通常用于名词前作定语。
I’m afraid I haven’t got any spare cash.恐怕我手头没有多余的现金。
词义拓展 [形容词]空闲的
in one’s spare time在某人的空闲时间
Lucy often visits her grandparents in her spare time. 露西经常在空闲时看望她的祖父母。
2.own /əʊn/ adj. 自己的,属于自己的
一般放在形容词性物主代词或所有格之后,用于强调“某人/物自己的”。
Every season is beautiful in its own way.每个季节都有它独特的美。
In 2022, Yan Hongsen made his decision to build his own rocket.2022年,严弘森下定决心要造自己的火箭。
词义拓展(1)[代词]常用于以下短语中:
on one’s own 单独;独自
of one’s own 属于某人自己的
He can do lots of things on his own(=by himself).他能独自做很多事情。
He has a mind of his own.他很有主见。
(2)[动词]拥有 不用于进行时态。
Bob owns the farm.鲍勃拥有这个农场。
3.make sense解释得通;有道理
sense前可加no、little、good等修饰词。
Why does he like that kind of insect? It doesn’t seem to make sense.他为什么喜欢那种昆虫?这似乎讲不通。
There are strict medicals for pilots, which makes goodsense.飞行员要接受严格的体检,这是很有道理的。
4.manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ v. 成功应付,得以对付过去
尤指遇到难题或困境时成功应付或对付过去,常与介词with/without连用。
How do you manage without a washing machine?没有洗衣机你怎么对付?
词义拓展(1)[动词]负责,管理(某企业或部门)
(2)[动词]终于做成,设法做到
【固定搭配】
manage to do sth.设法做成某事
She managed to learn how to write each Chinese character by watching videos online.她通过在网上看视频,设法学会了每个汉字的写法。
5.deal with 处理,应付,应对
【辨析】
deal with与do with
deal with
处理,应付,应对”,强
调处理的方式、方法,常
与how连用。
How do you deal with stress in your life?你如何应对生活中的压力?
do with
“处理;安置”,强调处理
的对象,常与what连用。
What should we do with the old books in the classroom?我们该如何处理教室里的旧书?
6.pleasure /ˈpleʒə/ n. 愉快,快乐;满足
【固定搭配】
have the pleasure of doing sth.有幸做某事
take pleasure in...从……中获得乐趣
A smile shows that a person has a feeling of great pleasure.微笑表明一个人感到无比愉悦。
May I have the pleasure of seeing you again?我能否有幸再次和您见面?
He takes great pleasure in photography.他非常喜爱摄影。
7.end /end/ n. 最后部分,末尾 v. 结束,停止
(1)[名词]最后部分,末尾
【固定搭配】
in the end 最后;终究
at the end of 在……结束时
by the end of 在……结束前
I’m sure we’ll win in the end.我确信我们最后能赢。
The foreign students sang a Chinese song at the end of the party.那些外国学生在派对结束时唱了一首中文歌曲。
He wants the reports by the end of the month.他要在月底前见到报告。
(2)[动词]结束,停止
【固定搭配】
end with 以……结束
The sudden thunder and rain ended the festival.突如其来的雷雨使庆祝活动草草收尾。
Her note ends with “See you soon”.她的便条以“再见”结束。
8.expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的,花钱多的
反义词为cheap“便宜的”,常用expensive或cheap来形容物品的贵或便宜。
This coat is too expensive. Please show me a cheap one.这件外套太贵了。请给我拿一件便宜的。
She got an expensive handbag as a birthday gift from her uncle.她收到了叔叔送的一个昂贵的手提包作为生日礼物。
用法拓展 表示价格(price)的高或低要用high或low。
The prices of watches are very low at that store.那家店的手表很便宜。
9.date /deɪt/ n. 日期,日子
询问今天的日期时,常用句型“What’s the date today?”,回答常用“(It’s +)日期.”。
Please give your name, address and date of birth.请提供你的姓名、住址和出生日期。
We need to set a date for the next meeting.我们需要为下次会议定个日期。
—What’s the date today, Lisa?莉萨,今天几号?—It’s June 22nd. 6月22日。
词义拓展 [名词]约会
have a date with sb.与某人约会
I’ll have a date with Lucy tomorrow.我明天要和露西约会。
10.sale /seɪl/ n. 出售,销售
【固定搭配】
on sale出售;廉价出售
for sale待售
Tickets are on sale from the booking office.售票处正在售票。
These gloves are on sale for only 5 yuan a pair.这些手套减价出售,只卖5元一副。
They’ve put their house up for sale.他们把房子挂牌出售了。
词义拓展 [可数名词]大减价;特价销售
I bought a coat in the sales.我在大减价时买了一件外套。
11.organise v. 组织,筹划,安排
In order to raise money for the school library, we are going to organise some activities.为了给学校图书馆筹款,我们将组织一些活动。
Students need to learn how to organise their time.学生需要学会如何安排好自己的时间。
词形拓展
【语境串记】
The organiser of the party is from a large organisation. He is very organised and has organised many famous activities.这场聚会的组织者来自一家大型机构。他非常有条理,组织过许多知名活动。
12.worth /wɜːθ/ adj. 值……钱
The ring is worth 5,000 yuan.这枚戒指值5 000元。
How much is this painting worth?这幅画值多少钱?
词义拓展 [形容词]值得
be worth doing sth.值得做某事
The film Ne Zha 2 is worth seeing. I have seen it three times so far.电影《哪吒2》值得一看。到目前为止,我已经看过三次了。
13.even though 即使;虽然,尽管
相当于even if,引导让步状语从句。even though/if不能和but连用,但可以和yet、still连用。
Even though you are sad, try smiling.你即使很难过,也要试着微笑。
I like listening to his lecture, even though I can only understand about half of what he says.尽管他所讲的内容我只能理解大约一半,但我还是喜欢听他的演讲。
时间状语从句
(1)时间状语从句表示时间,常用when;while;as;before;after;since;till/until;as soon as等连词来引导。时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时,只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
①由when(在……的时候;当……的时候)引导的时间状语从句,可表示“时间点”或“时间段”,从句谓语可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词。when可以指主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时或先后发生。如:
When I got home, he was having supper. 当我回到家的时候,他正在吃饭。
When he reached home, he had a little rest. 回到家以后,他休息了一会儿。
When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时,我正在看书。
②由while(当……的时候) 引导的时间状语从句,只可表示“时间段”,从句谓语只限于延续性动词。while强调主句谓语动词表示的动作持续于while从句所指的整个时间内;如:
Please listen to me carefully while I read. 我读的时候请认真听。
I can listen to the radio while I work. 我可以边听收音机边工作。
While I was sleeping, my father came in. 我睡觉时,我的父亲进来了。
Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电脑游戏时,爸爸在清洗汽车。
③由as (当……的时候)引导的时间状语从句,表示的是一件事情正在发生,另一件事也正在进行当中。但与 while 从句不同的是,as 从句一般不用正在进行时,而只是一般过去时。as 从句一般可以翻译成“一边……一边……;与……同时”。as 表达的事件,往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时,as 只是一个次要的时间说明,不像while 从句有强调 while 动作本身的意思。因此,as也常翻译成“随着……”之意。as从句是终止性动词时,主句通常也必须是终止性动词。如:
The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们一边走,一边唱。
The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。
As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈的时候,他越来越兴奋。
As years go by, China is getting stronger and richer. 随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。
④由before(在……之前)和after(在……之后)引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的主句谓语用的是过去完成时,则从句动词多用一般过去时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后。after表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。如:
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me. 爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived. 我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
After we had finished the work, we went home. 完成工作之后,我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时)
I will go out to play basketball with you after I finish my homework. 我做完功课后就和你一起出去打篮球。
⑤由since(自从……以来)引导的时间状语从句。它的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is+时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。如:
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。
We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭,我们已经包了许多饺子了。
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
It has been/is three years since we met last time. 自从我们上次见面,已经三年了。
⑥由until/till(直到……为止;直到……才)引导的时间状语从句。一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。需要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式,表示“直到……才”的意思,主句谓语动词一般用终止性动词,这时,till和until可用before替换;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同,until和till在肯定句中意为“直到……为止”。till不可以用在句首,而until可以放在句首。如:
I worked until he came back. 我工作到他回来为止。
I didn’t work until he came back. 他回来我这才开始工作。
We won’t start until/till/before Bob comes. 直到鲍勃来我们才会开始。
He didn’t go to bed until/till he finished his homework. 他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续)
⑦由as soon as引导的时间状语从句。表示“一……就……”,强调动作紧密相连。
We began t work as soon as we got there. 我们一到那儿,就马上开始工作。
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。
(2)时间状语从句的时态:
一般来说时间状语从句的主句与从句的时态前后要一致。如果时间状语从句主句谓语动词用一般将来时,从句谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来时间。如:
I will call you as soon as I arrive there. 我一到达那儿就给你打电话。
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old. (当)莫扎特四岁的时候,开始写音乐作品。
(3)时间状语从句主从句的位置:
大多数情况下,从句可位于主句前,也可位于主句后。如从句在前时,主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。如:
It was raining hard when (as) I got there.= When (As) I got there, it was raining hard. 我到那里时,正在下大雨。
(4)when引导的宾语从句和状语从句的区别:
when引导时间状语从句时,意为“当……时候”;引导宾语从句时,意为“什么时候”。如:
He asked when we will hold the sports meeting. 他问我们什么时候开运动会。
When the weather is fine, many families go out for a walk. 天气好时,很多家庭都出去散步。
---- Do you know when he will come back tomorrow? 你知道明天他什么时候回来吗?
---- Sorry, I don’t. When he comes back, I’ll tell you. 对不起我不知道,当他回来的时候,我就告诉你。
(5)when,while和as的区别和联系:都可表示“当……的时候”,但用法有区别:
① when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。
如:When she came in, I stopped eating. 她进来时,我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him. 当的住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)
We were about to leave when he came in. 我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。
② while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。
如:While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 当我妻子在看报纸的时候,我在看电视。(was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball. 我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)
③ as表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后”。如:We always sing as we walk. 我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”)
As we was going out, it began to snow. 当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)
④ 从句谓语是持续性动词时,when、while和as可以互换。
如:I met an old friend of mine as/when/while I was walking along the street. 当我沿街散步时,碰见了我的一个老朋友。
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as/when/while father was away.
妈妈担心,因为小爱丽丝病了,特别是他父亲不在家的时候。
⑤ 主从句谓语都是终止性动词时,when与as可互换。
如:It was raining hard when (as) I got there. 我到那里时,正在下大雨。
(动作同时发生,when可换为as,但不能换为while,因为get是点动词.)
⑥ 从句谓语表示状态时,通常用while。
如:While we were in Beijing, the weather was fine. 当我们在北京的时候,天气晴朗。
地点状语从句
是由where(哪里/儿);wherever(无论何地);anywhere(无论何处);everywhere(到处)等从属连词引导的状语从句。如:
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。(谚语)
Wherever there is smoke, there is fire. 无风不起浪。(谚语)
Wherever you go, I go too. 无论你到什么地方,我都去。(wherever=no matter where)无论何处,多用于句首。
It will be mixed school where not all the children are disabled.它将是一所混合式学校,那里的儿童并不都是残疾。
Unit 3 Past passing by
1.remains /rɪˈmeɪnz/ n. 遗迹
Some remains are on the surface, but others are underground or even underwater. 有些遗迹在地表,有些则在地下甚至水下。
Archaeologists use technology to look for remains. 考古学家利用科技来寻找遗迹。
词义拓展 [名词]剩余物;剩饭菜
She fed the remains of her lunch to the dog.她把剩下的午饭喂狗了。
2.lie的用法
[动词]位于
lie in 位于
过去式为lay,过去分词为lain,现在分词为lying
Yangzhou lies in central Jiangsu Province. 扬州位于江苏省的中部。
[动词]躺
You are too tired. Please lie down for a while.你太累了,请躺一会儿。
[动词]撒谎
lie to sb. 对某人撒谎
过去式为lied,过去分词为lied,现在分词为lying
Don’t lie to me again. 不要再对我撒谎。
[名词]
谎言
tell lies/a lie 说谎
The teacher asks us not to tell lies.老师要求我们不要说谎。
3.such与so
两者都表示程度,意为“如此;这样”,区别如下:
such
限定词
such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数
such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词
so
副词
so+adj./adv.
so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数
so+many/much/few/little(少的)+名词
She’s such a little monkey. 她真是一个小捣蛋鬼。
It’s a pity to waste such delicious food. 浪费这么好吃的食物真是可惜。
They all looked so nice and cute. 她们看起来都这么漂亮可爱。
She is so nice a girl. 她是一个如此好的女孩。
I’m afraid so little water won’t be enough to drink. 就这么点儿水,我怕不够喝。
4.valuable /ˈvæljuəbəl/ adj. 宝贵的,有价值的
由“value(n. 价值)去e + -able(形容词后缀)”构成。
be valuable to sb. 对某人来说很珍贵
Time is valuable and we should value it. 时间是宝贵的,我们应该珍惜它。
This old necklace is very valuable and it means a lot to my grandmother. 这条旧项链很贵重,对我奶奶来说意义重大。
5.luck /lʌk/ n. 好运,幸运
[不可数名词]常用短语有:
good luck 好运 bad luck 不幸
in luck 运气好 out of luck 运气不佳
We always see red as the symbol of hope and good luck. 我们总是把红色看作是希望和好运的象征。
My bad luck has unexpectedly turned into a good thing. 我的坏运气出乎意料地变成了好事。
You’re out of luck. She’s not here. 真不巧,她不在这儿。
词形拓展
6.detailed adj. 详尽的,详细的
由“detail(n. 细节)+ -ed(形容词后缀)”构成。
He gave me detailed instructions on how to get there. 他详细地告诉我如何去那里。
Mary made a detailed study plan to improve her English. 玛丽制订了一个详尽的学习计划来提高自己的英语水平。
7.weight /weɪt/ n.(某物的)重量,分量
作可数名词和不可数名词均可。
the weight of ……的重量
lose weight 减肥
put on/gain weight 体重增加
【语境串记】
Lisa is trying to lose weight. But I think she should put on weight, because she is so thin that she can’t bear the weight of a small package. 莉萨正在努力减肥。但是我认为她应该增肥,因为她太瘦了,以至于承受不了一个小包裹的重量。
词形拓展 weigh [动词]有……重;称重量
She weighs 60 kilos. 她体重为60千克。
She weighed the stone in her hand. 她用手掂了掂那块石头的重量。
8.【辨析】besides与except
besides
除……之外(还)
包括besides后面的内容,含有“加上”的意思。
except
除……之外
强调所排除的内容不包括在内,含有“减去”的意思。
Besides providing delicious food, the smart school also tries to help students develop good living habits. 除了提供美味的食物之外,这所智慧学校还努力帮助学生养成良好的生活习惯。
Last weekend, all of us went for a picnic except Tom because he was ill. 上周末,除了汤姆,我们都去野餐了,因为他病了。
9.creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/ n. 独创性,创造性,创造力
She showed great creativity in her art project. 她在美术课题中展现了极强的创造力。
We can develop creativity by reading more books.我们可以通过多读书来培养创造力。
【语境串记】
Liu Cixin is a creative writer and he has created many works full of creativity. 刘慈欣是一位有创造力的作家,他已经创作出很多富有独创性的作品。
词形拓展
10.pride /praɪd/ n. 自豪,骄傲
take pride in sb./sth. “为某人/某物感到自豪”,相当于be proud of sb./sth.。
David let the kite go and watched with pride as it danced beautifully in the sky. 戴维松开风筝,骄傲地看着它在天空中优美地飞舞。
He is kind and brave. Everyone takes pride in (=is proud of)him. 他善良又勇敢。所有人都为他感到骄傲。
语法
目的状语从句
(1)目的状语从句表示目的。是由so that(“以便,为了,目的是”从句谓语常有情态动词);in order that(为了;以便);in case(以防;以免;万一)等从属连词引导的状语从句。
1.You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须说大声点,以便大家都能听到。
2.She bought a digital camera online so that she saved a lot of time. 她在网上买了个相机让她节省了很多时间。
3.We used the computer in order that we might save time. 我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。
=We used the computer in order to save time. 我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。
4.I will take some money in case I will use it. 我会带一些钱去以防我要用
5.He left early in case he should miss the train. 他早早地离开,以防错过火车。
(2)so that 引导的目的状语从句可转换成动词不定式短语。
She hurried to school so that she might not be late. 她急急忙忙去上学,为了不迟到。
→She hurried to school (in order) not to be late. 她急急忙忙去上学,为了不迟到。
结果状语从句
(1) 结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句,通常主句是原因,从句是结果。是由so...that(如此……以至于……);such...that(如此……以至于……)等从属连词引导的状语从句。常用的句式主要有:
① …+so+形容词/副词+that从句。
1.He spoke so fast that I couldn’t follow him. 他说得太快,我跟不上他。
2.The suit cost so much that he didn’t buy it. 那套衣服太贵,他没有买。
3,His shoes were so dirty that he must brush them. 他的鞋子这么脏,他必须把它们洗一下。
② …+such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句。
1.It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it. 这个盒子太重了没有人能够搬动它。
2.It’s such an interesting story that everybody likes reading it. 这是一个如此有趣的故事,大家都喜欢读它。
③ …+such+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句。在“形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”结构中,当名词前有many, much, few, little表示数量的多少时,名词前用so(构成:“so+many/few+复数可数名词+that从句”或“so+much/little+不可数名词+that从句”)。
1.It is such bad weather that we have to stay at home. 天气是如此恶劣,我们不得不呆在家里。
2.He told us such funny stories that we all laughed. 他对我们讲了那么些有趣的故事,我们全都哈哈大笑。
3.She made so many mistakes that she didn’t pass the exam. 她犯的错误太多了,以致于她没有通过考试。
4.He has so much work to do that he can’t come this evening. 他有那么多的工作要做,以致他今晚不能来了。
④ …+so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句。
Tom is so clever a boy that he can answer the question. 汤姆很聪明,他能回答这个问题。
(2)so… that引导的结果状语从句可以转换成不定式的简单句:以“so...that”引导的结果状语从句可以转换成不定式的简单句,即可转换为“...enough to...”或“...too...to”句型,但这种转换必须符合下列条件:
① 当主句和从句的主语一致,且that从句是肯定句时,可用“enough to do sth.”来转换。
1.The man is so strong that he can lift the heavy box. 这个男人如此的强壮,以致于他能举起这只沉重箱子。
→The man is strong enough to lift the heavy box. 这个男人如此的强壮,以致于他能举起这只沉重箱子。
2.He was so clever that he can understand what I said. 他是如此的聪明,他能理解我所说的话。
→He was clever enough to understand what I said. 他是如此的聪明,他能理解我所说的话。
② 当主句和从句的主语不一致,且that从句是肯定句时,可以用“enough for sb. to do sth.”来替换,但须注意不定式的宾语要省略。
1.The box is so light that he can carry it. =The box is light enough for him to carry. 这个箱子如此轻以至于我可以搬动它。
2.The question is so easy that I can work it out.=The question is easy enough for me to work out. 这个问题很容易,我们能算出。
③ 当主句和从句的主语一致,且that从句是否定句时,可以用“too...to…”来替换。
1.I was so tired that I couldn’t go on with the work.=I was too tired to go on with the work. 我太累了,不能继续工作了。
2.The girl is so young that she can’t dress herself.=The girl is too young to dress herself. 这个女孩太小了,还不能自己穿衣服。
④ 当主句和从句的主语不一致,且that从句是否定时,如果要用“too...to...”替换“so...that...”,则用介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语,可以用“too...for sb. to do sth.”来替换,注意不定式的宾语要省略。
1.It is so hot that we can’t sleep.=It is too hot for us to sleep. 天气这么热,我们睡不着。
2.The bag is so heavy that she can’t move it.=The bag is too heavy for her to move. 这个袋子太重了,她搬不动它。
专项训练
一.单项选择
1.You will not make progress ______ you keep practising every day.
A. if B. unless C. though D. because
2.The amazing news ______ all the students in our class.
A. amazed B. amazing C. amaze D. amazement
3.The social media is ______ messages from young people.
A. flooded with B. flood with C. flooded in D. flood in
4.He is ______ in the history of ancient remains.
A. interesting B. interested C. surprise D. surprising
5.We should ______ to protect our environment.
A. take action B. take part C. make sense D. deal with
6.The old vase is very ______. It is worth a lot of money.
A. wealth B. wealthy C. valuable D. value
7.He ______ to finish the hard work even when he felt tired.
A. managed B. tried C. succeeded D. dealt
8.This plan doesn’t ______. There are too many problems in it.
A. make sense B. make sure C. make up D. make out
9.______ he is very busy, he still works as a volunteer on weekends.
A. If B. Even though C. Unless D. When
10.The small town ______ on the northwest coast of the country.
A. lie B. lies C. lay D. laid
11.There are ______ many valuable treasures in the museum.
A. such B. so C. very D. quite
12.All the students went to the park ______ Tom. He was ill at home.
A. besides B. except C. except for D. beside
13.The ______ of this ancient statue surprises the archaeologists.
A. weigh B. weight C. weighted D. weighing
14.I have no ______ time to do extra work today.
A. spare B. own C. expensive D. worth
15.We take ______ in our country’s great development.
A. proud B. pride C. proudly D. prides
1.【答案】B
【解析】unless 意为“除非”,引导条件状语从句。句意:除非你每天坚持练习,否则你不会取得进步。if 如果;though虽然;because因为。
2.【答案】A
【解析】amaze 动词“使大为惊奇”。句子为一般过去时,主语the news是单数,谓语用过去式amazed。amazing形容词“令人惊奇的”,修饰事物。
3.【答案】A
【解析】固定搭配be flooded with “大量收到,充斥着”。be动词后用过去分词flooded。
4.【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配be interested in “对……感兴趣”,interested修饰人;interesting修饰事物。
5.【答案】A
【解析】take action 采取行动;take part 参加;make sense 有道理;deal with 处理。句意:我们应该采取行动保护环境。
6.【答案】C
【解析】valuable 形容词“宝贵的,有价值的”;wealthy 富裕的(形容人);wealth名词财富;value名词价值。
7.【答案】A
【解析】manage to do sth 成功做成某事;succeed后接in doing;try to do尽力做(不一定成功);deal with处理。
8.【答案】A
【解析】make sense 有道理、解释得通;make sure确保;make up编造;make out辨认出。句意:这个计划说不通,里面有很多问题。
9.【答案】B
【解析】even though 即使、尽管,引导让步状语从句。句意:即使他很忙,周末仍然做志愿者。
10.【答案】B
【解析】lie表示“位于”,一般现在时,主语the small town是单数,谓语动词用lies。lie‑lay‑lain。
11.【答案】B
【解析】so + many/much/few/little +名词;such + (a/an)+形容词+名词。so many 如此多的。
12.【答案】B
【解析】except 除……之外(不包含在内);besides除……之外还有(包含在内)。Tom生病没去,不包含在内,选except。
13.【答案】B
【解析】weight n.重量;weigh v.称重。the +名词+of,所以用weight。
14.【答案】A
【解析】spare adj.多余的,闲置的;spare time 空余时间。own自己的;expensive昂贵的;worth值……钱。
15.【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配take pride in = be proud of 为……感到自豪。pride名词;proud形容词。
二.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.We were ________________ (amaze) at the surprising discovery.
2.The website ________________ (flood) with messages every day.
3.He is ________________ (interest) in the remains of old buildings.
4.The ________________ (surprise) result made us excited.
5.We should pay more ________________ (attend) to our safety.
6.The ________________ (wealth) man gives money to poor children.
7.He is an ________________ (independence) boy. He can look after himself.
8.He ________________ (manage) to pass the exam last term.
9.We need to learn how ________________ (deal) with our problems.
10.It is my great ________________ (please) to help you.
11.The house is too ________________ (expense) for the couple.
12.This old painting is ________________ (worth) lots of money.
13.The ________________ (remain) of the old city are well protected.
14.The stone ________________ (lie) on the coast many years ago.
15.This is a ________________ (value) treasure for our country.
16.Good ________________ (lucky) always comes to hard‑working people.
17.He gave us a ________________ (detail) report about the trip.
18.What is the ________________ (weigh) of this giant statue?
19.We should show our ________________ (create) in our work.
20.He takes great ________________ (proud) in his hometown.
【答案】1.amazed 2. is flooded 3. interested 4. surprising 5. attention 6.wealthy 7. independent 8. managed 9. to deal 10. pleasure 11.expensive 12. worth 13. remains 14. lay 15. valuable 16.luck 17. detailed 18. weight 19. creativity 20. pride
三. 根据汉语提示完成句子
1.许多年轻人想要参加志愿者活动。
Many young people want to ________________________ volunteer activities.
2.除非你努力,否则你不会成功。
You won’t succeed ________________________ you work hard.
3.这个消息使我们大为惊奇。The news ________________________ all of us.
4.这个社交媒体收到大量留言。The social media ________________________ messages.
5.他对古代遗迹很感兴趣。He ________________________ the ancient remains.
6.这是一个令人惊奇的发现。This is a ________________________ discovery.
7.请多注意你的发音。Please pay more ________________________ your pronunciation.
8.他打算去国外学习。He plans to study ________________________.
9.他是一名热心的志愿者。He is a warm‑hearted ________________________.
10.这篇报道来自一位教育家。This ________________________ comes from an ________________________.
11.我们必须采取行动保护野生动物。We must ________________________ to protect wild animals.
12.这个富人经常帮助穷人。The ________________________ man often helps poor people.
13.孩子们应该学会独立。Kids should learn to be ________________________.
14.我没有多余的时间。I have no ________________________ time.
15.这是我自己的想法。This is my ________________________ idea.
16.这个计划讲得通。This plan ________________________.
17.他成功完成了这个任务。He ________________________ finish the task.
18.我们要学会处理生活中的困难。We should learn to ________________________ difficulties in life.
19.帮助你是我的荣幸。It is my great ________________________ to help you.
20.尽管下雨,我们仍然外出。________________________ it rained, we still went out.
【答案】1.take part in 2.unless 3.amazed 4.is flooded with 5.is interested in 6.surprising 7.attention to 8.abroad 9.volunteer 10.report; educator 11.take action 12.wealthy 13.independent 14.spare 15.own 16.makes sense 17.managed to 18.deal with19.pleasure20.Even though
四.句子翻译
1.除非你努力学习,否则你考试会不及格。
2.这个令人惊奇的消息使所有人都大为惊奇。
3.这家网站大量收到来自世界各地的信息。
4.我对古代的遗迹很感兴趣。
5.我们应该多关注环境保护。
6.许多学生想要去国外深造。
7.这位志愿者经常帮助社区里的老人。
8.这位教育家写了很多关于青少年的报道。
9.我们必须采取行动来拯救濒危动物。
10.这位富有的商人捐赠了很多钱。
11.青少年需要变得更加独立。
12.我没有多余的钱买昂贵的礼物。
13.这是我自己的学习方法。
14.你的想法很有道理。
15.他成功应对了生活中的各种难题。
16.我们要学会处理各种各样的问题。
17.能认识你是我的荣幸。
18.尽管天气很冷,他仍然坚持锻炼。
19.这座雕像位于海岸边。
20.我们为我们的国家感到自豪。
【答案】1.You will fail the exam unless you study hard.
2.The surprising news amazed all the people.
3.The website is flooded with information from all over the world.
4.I am interested in ancient remains.
5.We should pay more attention to environmental protection.
6.Many students want to go abroad for further study.
7.The volunteer often helps the old people in the community.
8.The educator wrote many reports about teenagers.
9.We must take action to save endangered animals.
10.The wealthy businessman gave away lots of money.
11.Teenagers need to become more independent.
12.I have no spare money to buy expensive gifts.
13.This is my own way of study.
14.Your idea makes sense.
15.He managed to deal with all kinds of problems in life.
16.We should learn to deal with different kinds of problems.
17.It is my great pleasure to meet you.
18.Even though it was very cold, he kept doing exercise.
19.This statue lies on the coast.
20.We take pride in our country.
五.语法填空
阅读短文,在空白处填入适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many young people are 1. ________ (interest) in old culture. Last week, a volunteer 2. ________ (organise) a report about ancient remains. The report 3. ________ (amaze) lots of listeners.
The educator told us that some old buildings 4. ________ (lie) on the northwest coast. He said we should 5. ________ (take) action to protect them.
It is 6. ________ (value) to learn about our history. 7. ________ (luck), many visitors come to visit the place. We take great 8. ________ (pride) in our old culture.9. ________ you don’t study hard, you will miss many chances. Even 10. ________ it is hard, we should keep on learning.
1.【答案】interested
【解析】固定搭配be interested in 对……感兴趣。
2.【答案】organised
【解析】last week为过去时间,动词organise使用过去式organised。
3.【答案】amazed
【解析】句子为一般过去时,amaze表示“使惊奇”,过去式amazed。
4.【答案】lie
【解析】宾语从句描述客观事实,用一般现在时;主语buildings是复数,用动词原形lie。
5.【答案】take
【解析】情态动词should后接动词原形;take action 采取行动。
6.【答案】valuable
【解析】句型It is +形容词+to do sth;value的形容词形式valuable,意为宝贵的。
7.【答案】Luckily
【解析】副词修饰整个句子;luck的副词luckily,句首首字母大写。
8.【答案】pride
【解析】固定短语take pride in 为……感到自豪。
9.【答案】If
【解析】if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”。
10.【答案】though
【解析】固定短语even though 即使,尽管。
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