Unit 3【刷题型】（语法填空精准练）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册单元模块满分必刷题（新教材外研版）

2026-2027学年八年级英语上册单元模块满分必刷题（新教材外研版） Unit 3 Make it happen! 【刷题型】(语法填空精准练) 人与社会—发明创新 基础篇 01 John’s grandpa is 97 years old. He was 1 astronaut when he was young. But now he is too old to walk. John’s parents want 2 (help) him, but they don’t have enough time. Luckily, John is good at 3 (study) robots and he knows robots well. John wants to make a robot to help his grandpa. John 4 (say) that the robot will look like a bear. It will be able to pick things up and help his grandpa walk. It can tell his grandpa to take medicine. More importantly, if his grandpa has some problems, the robot   5 (call) and ask someone for help. Next month, John will start to design the robot. He thinks robots nowadays are much 6 (popular) than before. He says, “Early robots can only do simple jobs in 7 (factory). But now some robots can do 8 (danger) jobs such as fighting fires. And some robots will help take care 9 the old people soon. They are going to improve 10 (they) lives.” 02 Jenny, a girl born without an arm, once used a simple 1 (art) arm that cost $80,000. It was heavy and uncomfortable, and it often needed replacing (更换) as she grew. But Easton LaChappelle’s 2 (invent) would change her life completely. With Easton’s 3D-printed robotic arm, Jenny could do many things that she couldn’t before. First, the arm was much 3 (light)—only 0.5 kilograms—so she wouldn’t feel tired wearing it all day. 4 (two), it could respond (作出反应) to brain signals. This would allow her to move it naturally, just like a real arm. She could 5 (hold) a pencil, lift a cup, or even play games 6 (easy). Best of all, the new arm cost around $500, much cheaper than her old one. Since the design is free online, Jenny’s family can print a new one whenever she 7 (need) it. Jenny would also feel happier and more 8 (confidence). With a functional (实用的) and lightweight arm, she could do everyday tasks without help. She might even join sports or art classes, and discover talents she never knew she had. Easton’s invention would give Jenny not only a better artificial arm but also hope for a brighter future. Thanks to his 9 (kind) and hard work, children like Jenny could enjoy easier and more independent (自立的) lives. What 10 wonderful thing! 03 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Everyone has a dream. So does Wang Dazhi, a student from Daxing Primary School. He wants 1 (be) an inventor when he grows up. To make his dream come true, he spends a lot of time 2 (study) maths and reading books on science. He is hard-working. Whenever he comes up with an idea, he will try his best to try it out. So far Wang Dazhi has invented three little things. One is a smart toy, one is a grass-cutting robot, and another one is a smart radio. The most successful and useful one is 3 grass-cutting robot. “I invented this little robot 4 (help) my father. He works as a gardener in a city park. Every month he has to cut lawns. It usually takes him three days to finish 5 (cut) the grass in one garden. And it is tiring. Now this little robot can help him 6 (do) the job. It’s faster and saves a lot of time,” Wang Dazhi said. Of course, not everything 7 (go) smoothly. He met countless difficulties along the way. Sometimes, he wanted to give 8 , too. However, his father encouraged him 9 (work) hard and go for his dream. As an inventor, creativity 10 imagination are necessary. Although nobody was born with these qualities, they can be creative and imaginative by reading more and exploring more. 04 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Water pollution is a serious problem around the world. A doctor, called Jack Todd, is very interested in 1 (clean) water. He has tried many ways, and 2 the end he developed a small and inexpensive system (系统) to clear waste water—the Living Machine. The machine can clean waste water in 3 (we) home and business. The machine cleans waste water. First, the waste water goes into 4 big plastic tank (水箱). In the tank, the wastes start to break down. 5 (two), a few days later, the machine brings the water into a greenhouse full of fish and plants. With the help of sunlight, plants and animals, the machine takes out many 6 (chemical) from the water. That 7 (make) the water cleaner. Then the machine can use the water for washing or bathing. It can’t be used to drink or cook, 8 the water is clean enough to water the flowers, wash the dog, and have a bath. This technology is good for the environment. It can also help to save fresh water and it can help provide the unpolluted water. If we take action 9 (do) something to save energy on the Earth, our planet will have a longer life and our life will be 10 (good). 培优篇 05 Chopsticks are useful tools to have meals in China. They 1 (invent) before the Shang Dynasty. The earliest chopsticks 2 (make) of bronze. People used them 3 (pick) up food at that time. Most people believe that Chinese invented chopsticks. There are many stories about the inventor of chopsticks. Someone says that Jiang Ziya created chopsticks. 4 (actual), no one knows for sure. Chopsticks are usually 5 the shape of a square top and a round bottom. Chinese believe that the Earth is square and the sky is round. This 6 (show) respect for nature. Many people think it’s difficult to use chopsticks. In fact, it’s not. Hold them between the thumb and other fingers. The key is 7 (hold) one piece tight and move the other to control movement and force. Chopsticks are also an important part of Chinese culture. In China, it is nice 8 (pick) up food for the old by using chopsticks. But it’s impolite to point at others with them. And never make your chopsticks 9 (stand) straight in a rice bowl. Learning to use chopsticks means 10 (learn) about Chinese culture. 06 根据短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空，使语篇意思完整。 Do you know the story of Post-it notes (便利贴)? It was invented 1 accident. In 1968, Dr. Spencer Silver was trying 2 (invent) a very strong adhesive (粘合剂). 3 , he created a very weak one instead. The weak adhesive could stick (粘贴) to things 4 fall off easily. Silver thought it was a 5 (fail). He didn’t know what to do with it. A few years 6 (late), his friend Arthur Fry was singing in a church choir (唱诗班). He used small pieces of paper to mark the pages of his songbook. But the paper always fell out. He 7 (remember) Silver’s weak adhesive. He put some of it on the paper. It worked 8 (good)! The paper could stick to the page but could be moved easily. This is 9 the Post-it note was born. Sometimes, a “failure” can become 10 great success if we keep our eyes open. 07 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever heard of Easton LaChappelle? He is a young 1 (invent) from the United States. When he was fourteen, he visited a science fair and met a girl 2 (call) Jenny. She was born 3 her right arm, so she needed an artificial one. Her artificial arm cost $80,000, and many children like her could not afford it. This gave Easton a great idea. He wanted to make a cheaper arm so that more children could use it. Easton started 4 (work) on a robotic arm. He made his first arm with plastic blocks and fishing line. At sixteen, he built a new arm that could move with brain signals. 5 (lucky), it was too heavy and cost too much. 6 he did not give up. By twenty-three, he had created a much better arm. It weighed only 0.5 kilograms and cost about $500. He decided to post his design online for free, so that anyone with a 3-D printer could make one. Easton’s story shows the 7 (curious) of great inventors. Like Zhang Heng, who was curious about the world, and Benjamin Franklin, who studied lightning, they never stop 8 (ask) questions. They believe their ideas can 9 (success) change people’s lives. 10 greatest inventions all start with a simple question and the courage to make it happen. As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” 08 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The elevator is one of the most 1 (use) inventions in modern cities. People wanted 2 (move) up and down easily in tall buildings. 3 the invention of the elevator, people had to walk up many flights of stairs. This was very tiring. The inventor, Elisha Otis, was curious about 4 (create) a safer lifting machine. He spent years 5 (work) on his design. Finally, he invented the safety elevator, which was able 6 (stop) automatically if the rope broke. He made his first elevator 7 of wood and metal. 8 it senses a problem, it starts 9 (brake) safely. Otis’s invention changed the way cities 10 (build) and made skyscrapers possible. 09 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 Easton LaChappelle was a 14-year-old student 1 he built a robotic arm out of plastic blocks and fishing line. He showed his work at a science 2 (fair). There he met Jenny, a girl 3 was born without an arm. Her artificial arm 4 (cost) $80,000, but it was just a simple hook. Easton was shocked 5 the high cost. He decided to lend a helping 6 to people like Jenny. He kept working on his invention and finally 7 (success) at age 23. His design weighed only 0.5 kilograms and 8 (cost) around $500. He didn't want to make money from it. 9 , he posted his design online for free. People could download it and make the arm with 10 own 3-D printers. His invention truly became a helping hand for many people. 10 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给词的正确形式。 Modern inventions 1 (make) our lives easier. For example, the smartphone 2 (allow) us to communicate with anyone at any time. But 3 (invent) these devices, inventors often face failures. They need 4 (have) patience and a strong will. Some people believe that curiosity is 5 (important) than talent. They say that 6 (curious) drives people to explore. Many inventors spend years 7 (work) on a single problem. They enjoy 8 (solve) puzzles. Without their hard work, we 9 (not have) many things we use today. So, we should respect inventors and their 10 (contribution) to society. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年八年级英语上册单元模块满分必刷题（新教材外研版） Unit 3 Make it happen! 【刷题型】(语法填空精准练) 人与社会—发明创新 基础篇 01 John’s grandpa is 97 years old. He was 1 astronaut when he was young. But now he is too old to walk. John’s parents want 2 (help) him, but they don’t have enough time. Luckily, John is good at 3 (study) robots and he knows robots well. John wants to make a robot to help his grandpa. John 4 (say) that the robot will look like a bear. It will be able to pick things up and help his grandpa walk. It can tell his grandpa to take medicine. More importantly, if his grandpa has some problems, the robot   5 (call) and ask someone for help. Next month, John will start to design the robot. He thinks robots nowadays are much 6 (popular) than before. He says, “Early robots can only do simple jobs in 7 (factory). But now some robots can do 8 (danger) jobs such as fighting fires. And some robots will help take care 9 the old people soon. They are going to improve 10 (they) lives.” 【答案】 1．an 2．to help 3．studying 4．says 5．will call 6．more popular 7．factories 8．dangerous 9．of 10．their 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述约翰为行动不便的爷爷打算设计一款护理机器人，并谈及机器人的发展与用途。 【详解】 1．句意：他年轻的时候是一名宇航员。astronaut是可数名词单数，元音音素开头，不定冠词用an，表示“一名宇航员”。 2．句意：约翰的父母想要帮助他，却没有足够时间。固定搭配want to do sth意为“想要做某事”，不定式作宾语，应填to help。 3．句意：幸运的是，约翰擅长研究机器人，对机器人十分了解。固定短语be good at doing sth意为“擅长做某事”；at是介词，后面接动名词studying。 4．句意：约翰说这个机器人外形会像一只熊。主语John是第三人称单数，全文主体一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式says。 5．句意：更重要的是，如果爷爷遇到麻烦，机器人就会呼叫，向别人求助。if引导条件状语从句：主将从现；从句一般现在时has，主句用一般将来时will call。 6．句意：他认为如今机器人比过去更加受欢迎。比较标记than；popular是多音节形容词，比较级是more popular。 7．句意：他说：“早期机器人只能在工厂做简单工作”。此处泛指各类工厂，用复数factories。 8．句意：但是现在一些机器人可以做危险工作，例如灭火。修饰名词jobs，需要形容词dangerous，意为“危险的”。 9．句意：很快有些机器人还会帮忙照顾老人。固定短语take care of ，意为“照顾”，故填of。 10．句意：它们将会改善人们的生活。修饰名词lives，用形容词性物主代词their，意为“他们的”。 02 Jenny, a girl born without an arm, once used a simple 1 (art) arm that cost $80,000. It was heavy and uncomfortable, and it often needed replacing (更换) as she grew. But Easton LaChappelle’s 2 (invent) would change her life completely. With Easton’s 3D-printed robotic arm, Jenny could do many things that she couldn’t before. First, the arm was much 3 (light)—only 0.5 kilograms—so she wouldn’t feel tired wearing it all day. 4 (two), it could respond (作出反应) to brain signals. This would allow her to move it naturally, just like a real arm. She could 5 (hold) a pencil, lift a cup, or even play games 6 (easy). Best of all, the new arm cost around $500, much cheaper than her old one. Since the design is free online, Jenny’s family can print a new one whenever she 7 (need) it. Jenny would also feel happier and more 8 (confidence). With a functional (实用的) and lightweight arm, she could do everyday tasks without help. She might even join sports or art classes, and discover talents she never knew she had. Easton’s invention would give Jenny not only a better artificial arm but also hope for a brighter future. Thanks to his 9 (kind) and hard work, children like Jenny could enjoy easier and more independent (自立的) lives. What 10 wonderful thing! 【答案】 1．artificial 2．invention 3．lighter 4．Second 5．hold 6．easily 7．needs 8．confident 9．kindness 10．a 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了失去一只手臂的女孩Jenny因Easton发明的3D打印机械臂而生活得到改善的故事。 【详解】 1．句意：Jenny，一个天生没有手臂的女孩，曾经使用过一只简单的假肢，花费了8万美元。该处需形容词修饰名词“arm”，括号内所给名词“art”需变为形容词“artificial”，意为“人造的/假的”，故填artificial。 2．句意：但Easton LaChappelle的发明将完全改变她的生活。该处需名词作主语，括号内所给动词“invent”需变为名词，故填invention。 3．句意：首先，这只手臂轻得多——只有0.5公斤——所以她整天戴着也不会感到累。该处需形容词比较级作表语，前有“much”修饰，括号内所给形容词“light”需变为比较级，故填lighter。 4．句意：其次，它可以对大脑信号作出正确反应。该处需序数词表示顺序，位于句首首字母大写，括号内所给数词“two”需变为序数词，故填Second。 5．句意：她可以握铅笔、举杯子，甚至轻松地玩游戏。该处需动词原形，情态动词“could”后接动词原形，括号内所给动词“hold”用原形，故填hold。 6．句意：她可以握铅笔、举杯子，甚至轻松地玩游戏。该处需副词修饰动词“play”，括号内所给形容词“easy”需变为副词，故填easily。 7．句意：由于设计在网上免费，Jenny的家人可以在她需要时随时打印一只新的。该处需谓语动词，主句“can print”为现在时，whenever引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主语“she”为第三人称单数，括号内所给动词“need”需变为第三人称单数形式，故填needs。 8．句意：Jenny也会感到更快乐、更自信。该处需形容词作表语，与“happier”并列，前有“more”修饰，括号内所给名词“confidence”需变为形容词，故填confident。 9．句意：多亏了他的善良和努力，像Jenny这样的孩子才能享受更轻松、更独立的生活。该处需名词作介词“to”的宾语，括号内所给形容词“kind”需变为名词，故填kindness。 10．句意：这真是一件奇妙的事情啊！该处需不定冠词，修饰可数名词单数“thing”，“wonderful”以辅音音素开头，故填a。 03 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Everyone has a dream. So does Wang Dazhi, a student from Daxing Primary School. He wants 1 (be) an inventor when he grows up. To make his dream come true, he spends a lot of time 2 (study) maths and reading books on science. He is hard-working. Whenever he comes up with an idea, he will try his best to try it out. So far Wang Dazhi has invented three little things. One is a smart toy, one is a grass-cutting robot, and another one is a smart radio. The most successful and useful one is 3 grass-cutting robot. “I invented this little robot 4 (help) my father. He works as a gardener in a city park. Every month he has to cut lawns. It usually takes him three days to finish 5 (cut) the grass in one garden. And it is tiring. Now this little robot can help him 6 (do) the job. It’s faster and saves a lot of time,” Wang Dazhi said. Of course, not everything 7 (go) smoothly. He met countless difficulties along the way. Sometimes, he wanted to give 8 , too. However, his father encouraged him 9 (work) hard and go for his dream. As an inventor, creativity 10 imagination are necessary. Although nobody was born with these qualities, they can be creative and imaginative by reading more and exploring more. 【答案】 1．to be 2．studying 3．the 4．to help 5．cutting 6．do/to do 7．goes 8．up 9．to work 10．and 【导语】本文讲述了大兴小学学生王大志立志成为发明家，并通过努力学习数学、阅读科学书籍以及动手实践，成功发明了割草机器人等小发明的故事，强调了坚持、创造力与想象力的重要性。 【详解】 1．句意：他长大后想成为一名发明家。want to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”，故填不定式to be。 2．句意：为了实现梦想，他花很多时间学习数学和阅读科学书籍。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花时间做某事”，故填studying。 3．句意：最成功、最有用的是那台割草机器人。此处特指前文提到的“grass-cutting robot”，需用定冠词the表示特指。 4．句意：我发明这个小机器人是为了帮助我父亲。此处表示目的，“为了帮助”，应用动词不定式to help作目的状语。 5．句意：他通常要花三天时间割完一个花园的草。finish doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“完成做某事”，故填cutting。 6．句意：现在这个小机器人可以帮他完成这项工作。help sb. (to) do sth.为固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”，to可省略，故填do/to do。 7．句意：当然，并非一切都很顺利。主语“everything”为不定代词，谓语动词用第三人称单数，且描述一般事实，用一般现在时，故填goes。 8．句意：有时，他也想放弃。give up为固定短语，意为“放弃”，符合语境，故填up。 9．句意：然而，他的父亲鼓励他努力工作，去追求梦想。encourage sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故填to work。 10．句意：作为一名发明家，创造力和想象力是必要的。此处连接两个并列的名词“creativity”和“imagination”，需用连词and表示“和”。 04 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Water pollution is a serious problem around the world. A doctor, called Jack Todd, is very interested in 1 (clean) water. He has tried many ways, and 2 the end he developed a small and inexpensive system (系统) to clear waste water—the Living Machine. The machine can clean waste water in 3 (we) home and business. The machine cleans waste water. First, the waste water goes into 4 big plastic tank (水箱). In the tank, the wastes start to break down. 5 (two), a few days later, the machine brings the water into a greenhouse full of fish and plants. With the help of sunlight, plants and animals, the machine takes out many 6 (chemical) from the water. That 7 (make) the water cleaner. Then the machine can use the water for washing or bathing. It can’t be used to drink or cook, 8 the water is clean enough to water the flowers, wash the dog, and have a bath. This technology is good for the environment. It can also help to save fresh water and it can help provide the unpolluted water. If we take action 9 (do) something to save energy on the Earth, our planet will have a longer life and our life will be 10 (good). 【答案】 1．cleaning 2．in 3．our 4．a 5．Second 6．chemicals 7．makes 8．but 9．to do 10．better 【导语】本文介绍了医生杰克·托德发明了一种廉价的小型“生命机器”系统，利用塑料水箱、植物和鱼类等逐步净化废水，使其达到可洗涤、浇花、洗澡等非饮用用途的清洁程度，从而节约淡水、减少污染，帮助保护环境。 【详解】 1．句意：一位名叫杰克·托德的医生对净化水非常感兴趣。be interested in表示“对……感兴趣”，介词in后接动名词，所以clean变为cleaning。 2．句意：他尝试了许多方法，最终研发出了一个小型且廉价的废水净化系统——生命机器。固定搭配in the end意为“最终”，填in。 3．句意：这台机器可以清洁我们家庭和企业的废水。修饰名词home and business需用形容词性物主代词，we变为our。 4．句意：首先，废水进入一个大塑料水箱。表示“一个大塑料水箱”，big以辅音音素开头，填不定冠词a。 5．句意：第二，几天后，机器将水引入一个满是鱼和植物的温室。对应前文的First，此处表示第二步，用序数词Second，注意首字母大写。 6．句意：在阳光、植物和动物的帮助下，这台机器从水中提取出许多化学物质。many后接可数名词复数，chemical变为chemicals，表示“化学物质”。 7．句意：那使水更干净。主语That是单数，一般现在时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式makes。 8．句意：它不能用于饮用或烹饪，但这水足够干净，可以用来浇花、给狗洗澡以及泡澡。前后句表转折：水不能用于饮用、烹饪，但足够干净可用于浇花等，填but。 9．句意：如果我们采取行动为地球节约能源，我们的星球将会更长寿，我们的生活也会变得更好。固定搭配take action to do sth.意为“采取行动做某事”，填to do。 10．句意：如果我们采取行动为地球节约能源，我们的星球将会更长寿，我们的生活也会变得更好。对应前文的longer，此处用形容词good的比较级better，表示生活会更好。 培优篇 05 Chopsticks are useful tools to have meals in China. They 1 (invent) before the Shang Dynasty. The earliest chopsticks 2 (make) of bronze. People used them 3 (pick) up food at that time. Most people believe that Chinese invented chopsticks. There are many stories about the inventor of chopsticks. Someone says that Jiang Ziya created chopsticks. 4 (actual), no one knows for sure. Chopsticks are usually 5 the shape of a square top and a round bottom. Chinese believe that the Earth is square and the sky is round. This 6 (show) respect for nature. Many people think it’s difficult to use chopsticks. In fact, it’s not. Hold them between the thumb and other fingers. The key is 7 (hold) one piece tight and move the other to control movement and force. Chopsticks are also an important part of Chinese culture. In China, it is nice 8 (pick) up food for the old by using chopsticks. But it’s impolite to point at others with them. And never make your chopsticks 9 (stand) straight in a rice bowl. Learning to use chopsticks means 10 (learn) about Chinese culture. 【答案】 1．were invented 2．were made 3．to pick 4．Actually 5．in 6．shows 7．to hold 8．to pick 9．stand 10．learning 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了筷子的发明历史、外形寓意、使用方法以及相关的中国传统餐桌文化与礼仪。 【详解】 1．句意：它们在商朝之前就被发明出来。主语They指代chopsticks，和invent是被动关系。时间“before the Shang Dynasty”表示过去，需用一般过去时被动语态，结构为：were/was+过去分词。主语为复数，be动词用were，invent的过去分词是invented，故填were invented。 2．句意：最早的筷子由青铜制成。固定搭配：be made of表示“由……制成”。主语the earliest chopsticks是复数，讲述古代的事情，用一般过去时，be动词用were，make的过去分词是made，故填were made。 3．句意：在那个时候，人们用它们夹取食物。固定结构：use sth. to do sth.表示“用某物做某事”，不定式作目的状语，故填to pick。 4．句意：事实上，没有人确切地知道。此处放在句首作状语，需要用副词。actual是形容词，其副词形式为actually，放在句首首字母大写，故填Actually。 5．句意：筷子通常是上方下圆的形状。固定短语：in the shape of意为“呈……的形状”，故填介词in。 6．句意：这体现了对自然的敬畏。主语This为单数，全文此处为一般现在时，谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式，show的三单形式是shows，故填shows。 7．句意：关键是握紧其中一根，移动另一根，以此控制动作和力度。固定句型：The key is to do sth.表示“关键是做某事”，动词不定式放在be动词后作表语，故填to hold。 8．句意：在中国，用筷子给长辈夹菜是有礼貌的行为。固定句型：It is+形容词+to do sth.，It是形式主语，动词不定式作句子真正的主语，故填to pick。 9．句意：千万不要把筷子直直地竖插在饭碗中。固定搭配：make sth. do sth.表示“使某物做某事”，make为使役动词，后面接动词原形作宾语补足语，故填stand。 10．句意：学会使用筷子就意味着了解中国文化。固定搭配：mean doing sth.表示“意味着做某事”，mean后接动名词作宾语，learn动名词为learning，故填learning。 06 根据短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空，使语篇意思完整。 Do you know the story of Post-it notes (便利贴)? It was invented 1 accident. In 1968, Dr. Spencer Silver was trying 2 (invent) a very strong adhesive (粘合剂). 3 , he created a very weak one instead. The weak adhesive could stick (粘贴) to things 4 fall off easily. Silver thought it was a 5 (fail). He didn’t know what to do with it. A few years 6 (late), his friend Arthur Fry was singing in a church choir (唱诗班). He used small pieces of paper to mark the pages of his songbook. But the paper always fell out. He 7 (remember) Silver’s weak adhesive. He put some of it on the paper. It worked 8 (good)! The paper could stick to the page but could be moved easily. This is 9 the Post-it note was born. Sometimes, a “failure” can become 10 great success if we keep our eyes open. 【答案】 1．by 2．to invent 3．However 4．but 5．failure 6．later 7．remembered 8．well 9．how 10．a 【导语】本文讲述了便利贴的发明故事。Spencer Silver博士在研究强力粘合剂时意外发明了一种弱粘合剂，后来他的朋友亚瑟·弗莱将这种粘合剂用于书页标记，最终促成了便利贴的诞生。故事告诉我们，有时“失败”也可能转化为成功。 【详解】 1．句意：它是偶然被发明出来的。短语“by accident”意为“偶然；意外地”，是固定搭配。 2．句意：1968年，Spencer Silver博士正试图发明一种非常强力的粘合剂。“try to do sth.”表示“试图做某事”，是固定搭配，应用动词不定式形式to invent作宾语。 3．句意：然而，他却制造出了一种非常弱的粘合剂。上文提到Silver想发明一种“very strong adhesive”，下文却说他制造出“a very weak one”，前后构成转折关系；空后有逗号，应用副词However表示“然而”。 4．句意：这种弱粘合剂可以粘在物体上，但很容易脱落。“stick to things”和“fall off easily”之间存在转折关系，应用表示转折的连词but。 5．句意：Silver认为这是一次失败。空前有不定冠词a，空处应用可数名词单数，fail为动词，其名词形式为failure。 6．句意：几年后，他的朋友Arthur Fry正在教堂唱诗班唱歌。“一段时间+later”表示“……之后”，a few years later意为“几年后”。 7．句意：他想起了Silver的弱粘合剂。根据上下文可知，文章讲述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，remember的过去式为remembered。 8．句意：它效果很好！空处修饰动词worked，应用副词，good为形容词，其副词形式为well，work well表示“效果好，运转良好”。 9．句意：便利贴就是这样诞生的。根据上文内容可知，此处表示便利贴“是如何诞生的”，应用how引导表语从句，表示“如何，怎样”。 10．句意：如果我们善于观察，有时一次“失败”也能变成一次巨大的成功。success表示具体的“一次成功”时是可数名词，great前需要用不定冠词a，a great success表示“一次巨大的成功”。 07 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever heard of Easton LaChappelle? He is a young 1 (invent) from the United States. When he was fourteen, he visited a science fair and met a girl 2 (call) Jenny. She was born 3 her right arm, so she needed an artificial one. Her artificial arm cost $80,000, and many children like her could not afford it. This gave Easton a great idea. He wanted to make a cheaper arm so that more children could use it. Easton started 4 (work) on a robotic arm. He made his first arm with plastic blocks and fishing line. At sixteen, he built a new arm that could move with brain signals. 5 (lucky), it was too heavy and cost too much. 6 he did not give up. By twenty-three, he had created a much better arm. It weighed only 0.5 kilograms and cost about $500. He decided to post his design online for free, so that anyone with a 3-D printer could make one. Easton’s story shows the 7 (curious) of great inventors. Like Zhang Heng, who was curious about the world, and Benjamin Franklin, who studied lightning, they never stop 8 (ask) questions. They believe their ideas can 9 (success) change people’s lives. 10 greatest inventions all start with a simple question and the courage to make it happen. As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” 【答案】 1．inventor 2．called 3．without 4．working/to work 5．Unluckily 6．But 7．curiosity 8．asking 9．successfully 10．The 【导语】本文讲述了Easton LaChappelle从14岁开始，通过不断改进3D打印假肢，最终为残疾儿童制作出轻便、廉价的假肢，彰显发明家的好奇心与逐梦精神。 【详解】 1．句意：他是一位来自美国的年轻发明家。结合提示词以及“He is a”可知，他是一位发明家，应用单数名词inventor“发明家”。 2．句意：当他十四岁的时候，他参观了一个科学展览会，遇到了一个叫Jenny的女孩。此处应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词girl，表示“名叫Jenny的女孩”，应用called。 3．句意：她生来就没有右臂，所以她需要一只假肢。后半句“she needed an artificial one”表明，她天生没有右臂，应用介词without“没有”。 4．句意：Easton开始研究机械臂。start doing/to do sth“开始做某事”，动词短语，故填working/to work。 5．句意：不幸的是，它太重，太贵了。结合提示词以及“it was too heavy and cost too much”可知，这是不幸的事情，应用副词unluckily“不幸地”修饰整个句子，位于句首，首字母要大写。 6．句意：但是他没有放弃。前后句之间是转折关系，此处应用连词but“但是”，表示转折，位于句首，首字母要大写。 7．句意：Easton的故事显示了伟大发明家的好奇心。定冠词the后面要接名词，括号内的形容词curious要变为名词curiosity“好奇心”，作动词shows的宾语。 8．句意：像对世界充满好奇的张衡，研究闪电的Benjamin Franklin，他们从来没有停止过提问。此处指他们永远不会停止提问，stop doing sth“停止正在做的事”，固定搭配，故填asking。 9．句意：他们相信他们的想法可以成功地改变人们的生活。此处要修饰动词change，需要用副词，所以把名词success变为副词successfully“成功地”。 10．句意：最伟大的发明都始于一个简单的问题和实现它的勇气。形容词最高级greatest前面必须加定冠词the，位于句首，首字母要大写。 08 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The elevator is one of the most 1 (use) inventions in modern cities. People wanted 2 (move) up and down easily in tall buildings. 3 the invention of the elevator, people had to walk up many flights of stairs. This was very tiring. The inventor, Elisha Otis, was curious about 4 (create) a safer lifting machine. He spent years 5 (work) on his design. Finally, he invented the safety elevator, which was able 6 (stop) automatically if the rope broke. He made his first elevator 7 of wood and metal. 8 it senses a problem, it starts 9 (brake) safely. Otis’s invention changed the way cities 10 (build) and made skyscrapers possible. 【答案】 1．useful 2．to move 3．Before 4．creating 5．working 6．to stop 7．out 8．Once 9．braking 10．were built 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了电梯的发明过程及其对现代城市建设的重要影响，介绍了发明者伊莱沙·奥蒂斯如何创造出安全电梯并改变了城市建筑方式。 【详解】 1．句意：电梯是现代城市中最有用的发明之一。此处构成“one of the+最高级+可数名词复数”结构，“use”需变为形容词useful。 2．句意：人们想在高层建筑中轻松地上下移动。“want to do sth.”为固定搭配，表示“想要做某事”，“move”需用不定式形式to move。 3．句意：在电梯发明之前，人们不得不走很多层楼梯。上下文逻辑表明电梯发明前后对比，此处缺少时间状语连词，表示“在……之前”，应填Before，位于句首时首字母大写。 4．句意：发明者伊莱沙·奥蒂斯对创造更安全的升降机感到好奇。“be curious about”为固定搭配，介词“about”后接动名词作宾语，“create”需用creating。 5．句意：他花费数年时间研究他的设计。“spend time doing sth.”为固定搭配，表示“花费时间做某事”，“work”需用动名词working。 6．句意：最终，他发明了安全电梯，如果绳索断裂，它能够自动停止。“be able to do sth.”为固定搭配，表示“能够做某事”，“stop”需用不定式to stop。 7．句意：他用木头和金属制造了他的第一部电梯。make...out of...为固定搭配，表示“用……制造……”，此处为主动语态，已有谓语made，空白处填介词out构成短语made out of。 8．句意：一旦电梯感应到问题，它就会安全地开始刹车。空白处引导条件状语从句，强调“感应到问题”这一条件一旦触发，便立即启动刹车机制，需填Once，位于句首时首字母大写。 9．句意：一旦电梯感应到问题，它就会安全地开始刹车。“start doing sth.”为固定搭配，表示“开始做某事”，“brake”需用动名词braking。 10．句意：奥蒂斯的发明改变了城市的建造方式，并使摩天大楼成为可能。主语“cities”与谓语“build”之间存在被动关系，且描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时的被动语态，“build”需用were built。 09 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 Easton LaChappelle was a 14-year-old student 1 he built a robotic arm out of plastic blocks and fishing line. He showed his work at a science 2 (fair). There he met Jenny, a girl 3 was born without an arm. Her artificial arm 4 (cost) $80,000, but it was just a simple hook. Easton was shocked 5 the high cost. He decided to lend a helping 6 to people like Jenny. He kept working on his invention and finally 7 (success) at age 23. His design weighed only 0.5 kilograms and 8 (cost) around $500. He didn't want to make money from it. 9 , he posted his design online for free. People could download it and make the arm with 10 own 3-D printers. His invention truly became a helping hand for many people. 【答案】 1．when 2．fair 3．who 4．cost 5．at 6．hand 7．succeeded 8．cost 9．Instead 10．their 【导语】本文讲述少年Easton在科技展结识天生缺少手臂的Jenny，得知昂贵假肢功能简陋后，潜心研发低成本机械义肢，并免费公开设计方案，帮助同类人群的故事。 【详解】 1．句意：当Easton LaChappelle 制作出由塑料积木和鱼线搭建的机械手臂时，他还是一名14岁的学生。空格前后都是完整句子，需要连词连接，后文交代事件发生的时间，表达“当……的时候”，用when引导时间状语从句。 2．句意：他在一场科学展览上展示了自己的作品。括号内给出单词fair，搭配science fair表示“科技展览会”，此处直接使用名词原形fair。 3．句意：在那里他遇见了Jenny，一个天生缺少一条手臂的女孩。空格引导定语从句，先行词是a girl，指代人，关系代词在从句中作主语，因此填who。 4．句意：她的假肢花费8万美元，但仅仅只是一个简易挂钩。全文主体时态为一般过去时，cost的过去式依然为cost。 5．句意：Easton对高昂的价格感到震惊。短语be shocked at意为 “对……感到震惊”，因此填入介词 at。 6．句意：他决定向像Jenny一样的人伸出援手。该处需一个名词，构成固定短语；语境表达他想要帮助这类有需要的人，搭配lend a helping hand意为“伸出援手”。 7．句意：他持续钻研自己的发明，最终在23岁时取得了成功。 该处需一个动词的过去式，和前文的kept并列作谓语；and连接并列的谓语动作，时态要和一般过去时的语境保持一致，括号所给词success是名词，需要先变形为动词succeed，再变为过去式succeeded。 8．句意：他的设计仅重0.5公斤，造价约为500美元。and并列两个谓语动词，weighed是过去式，cost需要使用过去式cost。 9．句意：他不想靠这个赚钱，相反，他把自己的设计免费发布到了网上。 该处需一个副词，放在句首作状语衔接前后两个句子；前文提到他不想靠发明牟利，后文说他免费公开设计，前后是反向对照的逻辑，副词Instead意为“相反、取而代之的是”，符合此处逻辑关系，句首首字母大写。 10．句意：人们可以下载这个设计，用他们自己的3D打印机制作机械臂。 own前面需要形容词性物主代词修饰，主语是People，对应的物主代词为their，their own表示“他们自己的”。 10 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给词的正确形式。 Modern inventions 1 (make) our lives easier. For example, the smartphone 2 (allow) us to communicate with anyone at any time. But 3 (invent) these devices, inventors often face failures. They need 4 (have) patience and a strong will. Some people believe that curiosity is 5 (important) than talent. They say that 6 (curious) drives people to explore. Many inventors spend years 7 (work) on a single problem. They enjoy 8 (solve) puzzles. Without their hard work, we 9 (not have) many things we use today. So, we should respect inventors and their 10 (contribution) to society. 【答案】 1．have made 2．allows 3．to invent 4．to have 5．more important 6．curiosity 7．working 8．solving 9．would not have 10．contributions 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了现代发明给我们的生活带来的便利，以及发明家必备的品质，倡导尊重发明家及其社会贡献。 【详解】 1．句意：现代发明已经让我们的生活变得更加便捷。make意为“让；使”，是动词，根据下文的介绍可知，此处强调过去发生的动作，对现在的影响，句子用现在完成时，其结构是“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语inventions“发明”是复数，助动词用have，make的过去分词是made。 2．句意：例如，智能手机让我们可以随时和任何人交流。allow sb. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“让某人做某事”，allow是动词，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；主语the smartphone是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式allows。 3．句意：但是为了发明这些设备，发明家常常要面对失败。invent意为“发明”，是动词，此处表目的“为了……”，用不定式to invent作目的状语。 4．句意：他们需要拥有耐心和坚强的意志。have意为“有；拥有”，是动词，need to do sth.是固定短语，意为“需要做某事”，，因此，此处用动词不定式to have。 5．句意：一些人认为好奇心比天赋更重要。important意为“重要的”，是形容词，句中有than“比”，此处要用形容词比较级，important的比较级是more important。 6．句意：他们说好奇心驱使人们去探索。curious是形容词，意为“好奇的”，空缺处作从句的主语，需要用名词作主语，curious的名词形式是curiosity，意为“好奇心”。 7．句意：许多发明家花费数年时间致力于同一个难题。work on是固定短语，意为“致力于”，work是动词，spend time (in) doing sth.是固定短语，意为“花费时间做某事”，因此，此处用动名词working。 8．句意：他们享受解决难题的过程。solve意为“解决”，是动词，enjoy doing sth.是固定短语，意为“喜欢/享受做某事”，因此，此处用solve的动名词形式solving。 9．句意：没有他们的辛勤付出，我们就不会拥有如今许多正在使用的物品。not have意为“没有”，have是动词，without“没有”引导含蓄虚拟语气，表达与现在事实相反的假设，结构为would (not) + 动词原形，应填would not have。 10．句意：所以，我们应当尊重发明家以及他们对社会做出的贡献。contribution是可数名词，意为“贡献”。their“他们的”后面接可数名词复数，contribution的复数形式是contributions。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $