UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS（语基默写）（Word教参）-【优学精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第二册同步教参（人教版）

　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 默写练习(一)　Reading and Thinking 一、核心词汇写对 1．contradictory adj.　 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 2．household n. 一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人 3．blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责 4．handle n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、 动物、工具等) 5．link n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联 6．raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 7．substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 8．decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 9．statistic n.[pl.-s] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学 10．microscope n. 显微镜 二、拓展词汇记牢 1．severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severely adv.严重地；严厉地 2．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧；挫败；阻止→frustration n．沮丧；懊恼；挫折→frustrating adj.令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的 3．infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染→infectious adj.传染性的；感染的(尤指通过呼吸)；有感染力的 4．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)→subscription n．订购；订阅(费)；用户费；定期捐款→subscriber n．订阅人；订购者；定期捐款者 5．proof n.证据；证明；检验→prove v．证明；证实　linking v．证明是；被发现是 6．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘以；迅速增加；繁殖 7．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象→suspected adj.有嫌疑的 8．intervention n．介入；出面；干涉→intervene v．干预；介入；出面；插话 9．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purify v．净化；使……洁净→purely adv.仅仅；完全地；纯粹地→purity n.纯净；纯洁 10．transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变→transformation n．(彻底的)变化；转变；改观；变革→transformative adj.有改革能力的，起改造作用的 1．die from　　　　　 死于 2．once and for all 最终地；彻底地 3．in general 通常；一般而言 4．subscribe to 同意；赞同；订阅 5．be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事 6．be to blame 应负责任 7．as a result of 由于 8．a link between...and... ……与……之间的联系 9．be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事 10．thanks to 幸亏；由于 1．until引导时间状语从句 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome． 霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜它。 2．because引导原因状语从句 As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera． 由于无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生感到沮丧。 3．“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……” He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days． 他发现霍乱在两条特定的街道上暴发得非常严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。 4．where引导定语从句 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived． 斯诺开始在地图上标出那些死去的人曾经居住过的地方的确切位置。 5．(1)“it seems/seemed that...”意为“似乎/好像……” (2)“have sth.done”意为“让/请某人做某事，使某事被做” It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day． 这名妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，以至于每天都让人把那里的水运到家里来。 6．无生命名词作主语 Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease． 经过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售洁净的水，世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅度降低。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Thanks to her skilful handling of the affair, the problem was averted. 2．In general, adults need about eight hours of sleep a day to stay healthy and happy. 3．My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep track of advances in science. 4．There is no doubt that the terrible earthquake was to blame(blame) for such severe ruins. 5．As is known to us, the old Silk Road linked China to/with the West in ancient times. 6．The traffic was unbearable, and it was frustrating(frustrate) to know that I would be late for the important meeting. 7．This country's plan to transform this city into a free trade port is expected to spur local consumption and enhance competitiveness of dutyfree products. 8．I was overcome with sadness because I was suspected of stealing his money. 9．Youth is so popular an English newspaper that I've been a regular reader for ten years. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．很多人认为炎热的天气是导致缺水的部分原因。 Many people think the hot weather is partly to blame for the water shortage． 2．由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数量正在减少。 Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals is decreasing/on the decrease． 3．直到参加这次采摘活动，我才意识到用自己的双手工作是多么重要。(until引导时间状语从句；强调句型) It wasn't until I took part in the picking activity that I realised how important working with my own hands was. 4．戴维是如此害怕，以至于他站在那里一动不动。(so...that...; 倒装结构) So frightened was David that he stood rooted to the spot. 5．参加各种各样的活动可以开阔你的视野。(have sth.done) Taking part in various activities can have your horizons broadened． 默写练习(二)　Learning About Language & Using Language 一、核心词汇写对 1．thinking n.　 　　　 思想；思维；见解 2．protein n. 蛋白质 3．cell n. 细胞；小房间；单间牢房 4．virus n. 病毒 5．framework n. 框架；结构 6．solid adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n. 固体 7．cast vt. 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 8．shadow n. 阴影；影子；背光处 9．rainbow n. 彩虹 10．pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 11．missile n. 导弹 12．leadership n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能 13．trace vt. 追溯；追踪；查出 n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 14．outstanding adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的 15．abstract adj. 抽象的；理论上的 n. (文献等的)摘要 16．concept n. 概念；观念 17．fault n. 弱点；过错 18．shift n. 改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt. 转移；挪动；转向 二、拓展词汇记牢 1．finding n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决→findvt.发现→finder n．发现者 2．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv. 起初；最初→initialize v．初始化 3．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的→mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工 4．defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解→defence n．防御；保护；辩护→defensive adj.自卫的；防御用的 5．assistant n．助理；助手 adj.助理的；副的→assist vt.& vi.帮助；协助；援助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助 6．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋；天资 7．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv.稳定地；平稳地；持续地 8．astronomer n．天文学家→astronomy n. 天文学 9．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地 1．have an impact on/upon... 对……有影响 2．break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 3．in charge of 主管；掌管；负责 4．discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻碍某人做某事 5．take on 承担；呈现 6．under sb.'s leadership 在某人的领导下 7．trace back to 追溯到 8．be familiar with... 熟悉…… 9．come down with 患(病)；染上(小病) 10．point out 指出 11．fight against 与……作斗争 12．above all 最重要的是；尤其是 1．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。 2．过去分词(短语)作状语 Born in Shanghai in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. 钱学森于1911年在上海出生，后在北京上学，之后进入上海交通大学学习铁路机械工程。 3．“not only...but also...”意为“不仅……而且……” He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme． 他受到了来自祖国的对待英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，而且负责中国的太空和导弹计划。 4．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. 然而， 使他成为如此杰出和有创造力的科学家的(原因)可能是他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的强烈兴趣。 5．since引导时间状语从句 Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles，his world became one of abstract thought. 自从得了一种使他失去大部分肌肉功能的疾病后，他的世界就变成了一个抽象思维的世界。 6．状语从句的省略 Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did． 除了聪明以外，他还很勇敢，虽然有时说话或做事会粗心。 7．介词＋宾语从句 He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about． 他愿意说别人不敢说的话，梦想别人不敢梦想的东西。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Since 1976 he has been operating the shop with the assistance(assist) of volunteers. 2．Therefore, you can exclude them from tracing(trace) data to improve performance of collection and network traffic. 3．People can't know the exact time when the terrible disease broke out in the world. 4．The army will do whatever it takes to defend the motherland from/against any invasion. 5．The heavy rain poured(pour) down from the dark clouds, creating a cascade of water that flooded the low-lying areas. 6．He was a natural politician, a gifted(gift) orator who knew how to work a crowd. 7．All of them slowly but steadily(steady) increased their daily exercise period to an hour and a half. 8．Initially(initial), overusing electronics will do harm to our health and may cause short-sightedness. 9．Nowadays the priority of travelling is shifted(shift) from shopping to food and scenery. 10．Not only he but also I am(be) fond of calligraphy，so we often discuss how to improve our handwriting together. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．作为“杂交水稻之父”而著名，袁隆平终生致力于研究水稻。[过去分词(短语)作状语] Known as “the father of hybrid rice”，Yuan Longping devoted his whole life to studying rice. 2．我们从未见过比他更杰出的农业科学家。 (“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义) We have never seen a more outstanding agricultural scientist than him． 3．我们不仅应该尊重这些伟大的科学家，还应该学习他们的科学精神。(not only...but also...；倒装结构) Not only should we show respect for the great scientists, but we should also learn the scientific spirit from them. 4．我知道你喜欢唐诗，并且有音乐方面的天赋。 I know you are fond of Tang poetry, and you are gifted in/have a gift for music． 5．作为学生会主席，我被委派负责你在天津停留期间的所有活动。 As chairman of the Students' Union, I was appointed to take charge of/to be in charge of arranging all the activities during your stay in Tianjin. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $