热点07 跨学科融合阅读（人文+语文+生物+心理+数学+物理）（时文阅读+重难词汇+长难句精析）2027年中考英语热点时文阅读

热点07 跨学科融合阅读（人文+语文+生物+心理+数学+物理） 1 英语+人文 一位老师在课堂上让学生用一个词证明自己不是AI，并分享了三位学生各自选择的词语及背后蕴含的人类独有情感和真实体验的故事 2 英语+语文/历史 汉语方位词背后的文化密码 3 英语+生物/心理 多巴胺揭秘：为何玩手机比学习更有趣 4 英语+心理 介绍了康奈尔笔记法的发明背景、页面结构、使用步骤及作用，旨在帮助学生掌握高效的记笔记方法，提升学习效率 5 英语+生物/数学 科学规划，巧手种植——校园园艺方案指南 6 英语+生物/心理 从人们愿意排长队买食物的现象出发，介绍了“沉没成本谬误”这一心理现象及其与多巴胺的关系。 7 英语+物理 杰西听闻爸爸说人行道热得能煎鸡蛋后亲自尝试却失败，随后和山姆借助放大镜聚光成功煎熟鸡蛋的故事 ( 0 1 英语+ 人文 ) 阅读下文并回答问题。 When AI brings unprecedented (前所未有的) convenience, what makes humanity valuable? A Chinese teacher collected 54 answers from her students, posing a single question in class: “Prove (证明) you’re not an AI with one word. What would you choose?” .The following are three of their responses. Lacey: My dad had been ill for weeks. Some of those days I was overcome with fear, and some with worrying thoughts. Yet I still held his hand and kept believing that tomorrow might be better because the love of family never gives up easily. Experiences like this make me understand: AI can offer answers to almost everything, but everything I felt in my hope stays only in humans like me. Winslet: Since primary school, I always considered my classmates smarter than me. I remember the slow and painful progress. But those experiences taught me to accept my “stupidity” and turn it into a push to try harder. AI can work quickly, but it will never understand the struggle (挣扎), the joy, the upset and the quiet pride of growing from my own “stupidity”. Chris: On my walk home, I always slow down for sunsets, flowers, and stray (流浪) cats. I still remember the nervousness while waiting for the exam result, and the feeling of being excited and worried when waiting for the girl I care about. AI can have all the data (数据) on earth but not those real moments of life. And all the ups and downs I had in my heart always remind me of the beauty of being a human. Soon, this class went popular online and received many different answers, each of which was surprising and heartfelt. And those answers together show us the differences between humans and AI. 1．Did Lacey’s family members give up on her dad easily? 2．How does Chris feel about waiting for the girl he cares about? 3．According to the answers, what are the differences between humans and AI? 4．Which word would you choose to prove you are not AI? Share your answer like the three above.(about 30 words) 【答案】1．No, they didn’t. 2．He feels excited and worried. 3．AI can offer answers, work quickly and have all the data, but humans have real feelings and real moments of life. 4． I would choose “Mistake”. AI is programmed to be perfect and accurate. However, as a human, I make mistakes, learn from them, and grow better. Mistakes make my life real. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位老师在课堂上让学生用一个词证明自己不是AI，并分享了三位学生各自选择的词语及背后蕴含的人类独有情感和真实体验的故事。 【详解】 1．根据表格第一行Lacey的回答“...because the love of family never gives up easily.”可推知，Lacey的家人没有轻易放弃她的父亲。 2．根据表格第三行Chris的回答“...and the feeling of being excited and worried when waiting for the girl I care about.”可推知，Chris在等待他在乎的女孩时感到激动和担忧。 3．根据表格中Lacey的回答“AI can offer answers to almost everything, but everything I felt in my hope stays only in humans like me.”、Winslet的回答“AI can work quickly, but it will never understand the struggle, the joy, the upset and the quiet pride...”以及Chris的回答“AI can have all the data on earth but not those real moments of life.”可推知，AI能快速提供答案并拥有数据，但人类拥有真实的情感和生命体验。 4．本题为开放性问题，要求选择一个词证明自己不是AI并给出理由，字数在30词左右。可以结合自身经历，选择如“Love（爱）”、“Mistake（错）”等词，表达人类独有的情感或成长经历。 重难词汇: 1.unprecedented /ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/ adj. 前所未有的；空前的 3. pose /pəʊz/ v. 提出（问题）；摆出姿势 4.response /rɪˈspɒns/ n. 回应；答复；答卷 5. overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ v. 被（情绪）压倒；克服；战胜 6. heartfelt /ˈhɑːtfelt/ adj. 真诚的；由衷的 长难句精析： 1. 原句：A Chinese teacher collected 54 answers from her students, posing a single question in class: “Prove you’re not an AI with one word. What would you choose?” 翻译：一位语文老师在课堂上提出了一个问题，从学生那里收集到了54份答案：“用一个词证明你不是人工智能，你会选择什么？” 分析：主句为主谓宾结构；现在分词短语 posing a single question 作伴随状语，是中考高频语法考点；冒号后为直接引语，包含省略that的宾语从句（you’re not an AI）。 2. 原句：AI can offer answers to almost everything, but everything I felt in my hope stays only in humans like me. 翻译：人工智能几乎可以解答所有问题，但我在满怀希望的过程中体会到的所有感受，只存在于我这样的人类身上。 分析：but连接并列转折句；后句中 I felt in my hope 是省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰不定代词everything；stays为谓语动词，句式简洁且极具阅读考查价值。 3. 原句：Soon, this class went popular online and received many different answers, each of which was surprising and heartfelt. 翻译：很快，这堂课程在网络上走红，收获了各式各样的答案，每一个答案都令人动容、发自肺腑。 分析：主句由and连接并列谓语；each of which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词answers，是中考拔高题型核心语法，常考句型转换与完形填空。 ( 02 英语+语文 /历史 ) Have you ever wondered why we say maidongxi instead of mainánbei, shangcesuo instead of xiacesuo, and yijianxiangzuo instead of yijianxiangyou? Many Chinese words have directions in them, and there is lots of history and culture hidden behind. East or West When going shopping, Chinese people say maidongxi instead of mainanbei. A theory says that in the Tang Dynasty, there were two popular markets in Chang’ an, the national capital at that time. One was called the East Market, and the other was called the West Market. When shopping, people usually went to the East Market first, and then went to the West Market. As time went by, people started to describe shopping as maidongxi. Up or down We use shangcesuo to mean “go to the bathroom” and xiachufang to mean “go to the kitchen”. Why? In ancient times, houses were laid out (布局) in a certain way. The gate of the house would face south, with the bathroom in the northeastern part of the house and the kitchen in the southeastern part. On maps, north is usually at the top while south is at the bottom. In Chinese, we talk about the north as shang and the south as xia. So people would say they’re going up to the bathroom and down to the kitchen. Ancient Chinese not only used shang and xia to refer to directions but also social positions. For example, people used huangshang to refer to the emperor and dianxia to refer to princess who had a lower position than the emperor. Left or right Most people today are right-handed. They feel uncomfortable if they try to use their left hand to write or use chopsticks. This was true in old times as well. So in ancient China, “left” means something different, such as in yijianxiangzuo. When shaking hands, it’s important to know which hand to use. In most cultures, the right hand is generally used for a handshake. For example, in some countries, such as India and Nepal, the left hand is considered unclean. However, if you are in a culture where the left hand is used, you’d better do as the locals do. 1．Why does the writer mention shangcesuo and yijianxiangzuo at the beginning? A．To share a story. B．To solve a mystery. C．To give an example. D．To start the topic. 2．Which picture shows the layout of houses in ancient China according to the passage? gate ; bathroom ; kitchen A． B． C． D． 3．Which Chinese phrase shows the cultural meaning mentioned in the passage? A．左顾右盼 B．七上八下 C．日落西山 D．旁门左道 4．Which of the following may be the best title for this passage? A．Changes in the use of words for directions in Chinese. B．Differences between Chinese and English for directions. C．History and culture behind Chinese words for directions. D．Social position hidden behind Chinese words for directions. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕汉语里带方位字词的词汇展开，从东西、上下、左右三个维度，讲解词汇背后蕴藏的历史渊源与传统文化。 【详解】 1．根据首段“Many Chinese words have directions in them, and there is lots of history and culture hidden behind.”，作者先用日常词汇引出全文话题，开启下文介绍方位词背后文化。 2．根据原文说明“The gate of the house would face south, with the bathroom in the northeastern part of the house and the kitchen in the southeastern part.”院门朝南，卫生间在房屋东北方位，厨房在东南方位。根据地图中上北下南的常识，对应图B。 3．根据第五段“So in ancient China, “left” means something different, such as in yijianxiangzuo.”提到古时“左”常带有贬义含义。D选项异门左道里“左”含偏颇、不正之意，和文中左的贬义用法匹配。 4．全文核心：汉语方位词汇背后的历史与文化渊源，C项贴合全文主旨。A项侧重词语用法变化、B项侧重中英对比、D项只片面提到社会地位，均概括不全。 重难词汇: 1. hidden /ˈhɪdn/ adj. 隐藏的；隐秘的 2. theory /ˈθɪəri/ n. 理论；说法，推测 3. describe /dɪˈskraɪb/ v. 描述，形容 4. position /pəˈzɪʃn/ n. 社会地位；位置 长难句精析： 1. 原句：Have you ever wondered why we say maidongxi instead of mainánbei, shangcesuo instead of xiacesuo, and yijianxiangzuo instead of yijianxiangyou? 翻译：你是否曾经好奇，为什么我们说“买东西”而非“买南北”，说“上厕所”而非“下厕所”，说“意见相左”而非“意见相右”？ 分析：主句为现在完成时的一般疑问句，why引导宾语从句；instead of 为高频介词短语，表“代替、而不是”，用于并列对比三组汉语方位俗语，是中考阅读与写作高频句式。 2. 原句：Ancient Chinese not only used shang and xia to refer to directions but also social positions. 翻译：古人不仅用“上”和“下”指代方位，还用来指代社会地位。 分析：考查中考核心并列结构 not only...but also...（不仅……而且……）；句子存在省略用法，but also 后省略了 to refer to，句式简洁地道，是中考语法填空、改错高频考点。 3. 原句：However, if you are in a culture where the left hand is used, you’d better do as the locals do. 翻译：然而，如果你身处习惯使用左手的文化环境中，最好入乡随俗。 分析：多重复合句。if 引导条件状语从句，从句中 where 引导定语从句修饰抽象名词 culture；后半句 as 引导方式状语从句，表“按照……的方式”，you’d better 后接动词原形，为固定用法。 ( 03 英语+ 生物/心理 ) Time flies when you have fun on your smartphone. But when you sit down to work and study, an hour feels like a year. It is all because of something small called dopamine which is a “joy chemical” that makes people feel good. Our brains (脑) release it when we eat yummy food, after we exercise or when we are praised. Compared with studying, eating chocolate can make your brain release 150% more dopamine, and exercising for 30 minutes raises it by 200%. But using smartphones creates much more dopamine. For example, watching short videos gives a 250% increase, and checking new messages makes dopamine jump by 400%—much higher than studying. But why? When we go through social media, we don’t know what we’ll see next. This uncertainty makes dopamine active. Studying doesn’t provide such uncertainty. Without the excitement of gambling (赌博)”, we get bored much more easily. Can we do something to change that? According to research, apps can become less attractive if we turn off notifications (消息通知) or change the screen colours to black and white. We can also set time controls on apps. As for studying, you could check your progress daily or weekly and reward yourself for it. You could also explore interesting topics related to your textbooks. 1．Which of the following can be put in “________”? A．Why is studying so important for our brains? B．Why are we so easily tired of using smartphones? C．Why is using a smartphone the best way to improve study? D．Why are we so crazy about smartphones but easily bored with studying? 2．What does the underlined word “release” mean in the passage? A．Recycle. B．Reduce. C．Produce. D．Attract. 3．Which of the following pictures shows the level of dopamine increase? A． B． C． D． 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．The Joy Source of Life: Dopamine B．The Cure of Screen Habit: Phone Tips C．The Fun-Killer of Study: Dopamine D．The Cure for Boredom: Learning Plans 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了“快乐化学物质”多巴胺的相关知识，解释了人们沉迷智能手机却容易对学习感到无聊的原因，并给出了降低手机吸引力、提升学习乐趣的具体建议。 【详解】 1．第一段“Time flies when you have fun on your smartphone. But when you sit down to work and study, an hour feels like a year.”以及后文“It is all because of something small called dopamine which is a ‘joy chemical’ that makes people feel good.”表明，空缺处需要承接上文“玩手机时时间飞逝、学习时时间难熬”的现象，提出疑问以引出下文的原因解释，对应D选项内容。 2．根据第一段“...dopamine which is a ‘joy chemical’ that makes people feel good. Our brains release it when we eat yummy food, after we exercise or when we are praised.”可知，多巴胺是能让人产生愉悦感的化学物质，当人们吃美食、运动、受到表扬时，大脑会分泌、释放这种物质，因此“release”的含义与“产生”接近，对应C选项。 3．第二段“Compared with studying, eating chocolate can make your brain release 150% more dopamine, and exercising for 30 minutes raises it by 200%... and checking new messages makes dopamine jump by 400%—much higher than studying.”表明，吃巧克力使多巴胺增加150%，运动使多巴胺增加200%，查看新消息使多巴胺增加400%，与B图的项目及对应数值完全匹配。 4．文章围绕多巴胺展开，借助不同活动的多巴胺分泌差异，解释人们沉迷手机却容易对学习感到乏味的原因，同时给出降低手机吸引力、提升学习乐趣的改善建议。核心是多巴胺对学习乐趣的负面影响，对应C选项“The Fun-Killer of Study: Dopamine”。 重难词汇: 1. dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ n. 多巴胺 2. release /rɪˈliːs/ v. 释放；放出 3. praise /preɪz/ v. 表扬，赞扬 4. uncertainty /ʌnˈsɜːtnti/ n. 不确定性，未知 5. related /rɪˈleɪtɪd/adj. 相关的 长难句精析： 1. 原句：It is all because of something small called dopamine which is a “joy chemical” that makes people feel good. 翻译：这全都归因于一种叫多巴胺的微小物质，它是一种让人感觉愉悦的 “快乐化学物质”。 分析：主句为 It is all because of something small；called dopamine 过去分词作后置定语；which引导定语从句修饰 dopamine；从句内部又包含that引导的定语从句修饰 “joy chemical”。 2. 原句：Compared with studying, eating chocolate can make your brain release 150% more dopamine, and exercising for 30 minutes raises it by 200%. 翻译：和学习相比，吃巧克力能让你的大脑多释放 150% 的多巴胺，运动 30 分钟则能将多巴胺提升 200%。 分析：Compared with studying是过去分词短语作比较状语；句子由 and 连接两个并列分句；动名词eating、exercising分别作两个分句的主语。 ( 04 英语+心理 ) When you take notes in your class, are you confident that you’ll actually go back and look over them or do you just write out your notes in class and then completely forget all the information you wrote down? Useful note-taking methods can not only save you precious time and energy but also help you better understand what you learn. One of them is the Cornell note-taking system. It was first developed in the 1940s by education professor Walter Pauk at Cornell University to help students learn. According to Cornell Notes, each page is divided into three sections: the note-taking column, the cue (提示) column and summary space. It’s very easy. You just need to draw two lines on your note page, leaving a 2.5-inch margin (页边空白) on the left and a 2-inch margin on the bottom. The note-taking column, which is the biggest space, is used to write down notes while you are in class or reading an article. The key point is that you don’t write down what you hear word by word. Instead, use short phrases, symbols or key words to replace long sentences. After class, you should think of some questions in the cue column according to the notes you’ve written to help you remember as much information as possible. The next step is to cover the note-taking column with a piece of paper or your hand. Then, by only looking at the questions for key words, try to repeat the notes in your own words. The summary is designed to help you reflect on (反思) what you’ve learned. Questions may also be useful. For example, what’s the importance of these facts? What principles are they based on? How can I apply them? You can also write down your own ideas and personal feelings. Don’t forget to review from time to time so that you will remember the information more easily. After a few months of using this handy note-taking method, you are sure to become the note-taking star of your class! 1．What does the Cornell Notes look like? A． B． C． D． 2．What are the steps of the Cornell note-taking method? A．②③①④ B．②③④① C．③②①④ D．③②④① ①Summarize your thoughts and feelings. ②Write some questions in the cue column. ③Put down key words in the note-taking column. ④Cover the notes and try to retell according to the questions. 3．Which sentence uses “handy” with the same meaning as the underlined word? handy /ˈhændi/ adj. ①易使用的   ②近便的   ③手巧的 A．It’s a nice house and it’s handy for the train station. B．Jonathan’s good at putting up wallpaper, but he’s not so handy with a paintbrush. C．When I’m cooking something new, I like to keep the cookbook handy. D．First-time visitors to France will find this guide really handy. 4．Where can you probably read this passage? A．In notebook ads. B．In school newspapers. C．In science research. D．In history books. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了康奈尔笔记法的发明背景、页面结构、使用步骤及作用，旨在帮助学生掌握高效的记笔记方法，提升学习效率。 【详解】 1．根据文章第2段“You just need to draw two lines on your note page, leaving a 2.5-inch margin on the left and a 2-inch margin on the bottom. The note-taking column, which is the biggest space, is used to write down notes while you are in class or reading an article.”可推知，康奈尔笔记页面左侧为较窄的提示栏，右侧为最宽的笔记栏，底部是横跨页面的总结栏，与选项B的图示匹配。 2．根据文章第2段“Instead, use short phrases, symbols or key words to replace long sentences.”、第3段“After class, you should think of some questions in the cue column according to the notes you’ve written to help you remember as much information as possible. The next step is to cover the note-taking column with a piece of paper or your hand. Then, by only looking at the questions for key words, try to repeat the notes in your own words.”以及“The summary is designed to help you reflect on what you’ve learned…You can also write down your own ideas and personal feelings.”可推知，康奈尔笔记法的步骤依次是：在笔记栏写下关键词、在提示栏写问题、盖住笔记根据问题复述、总结想法与感受，即顺序为③②④①。 3．根据文章最后一段“After a few months of using this handy note-taking method, you are sure to become the note-taking star of your class!”可推知，此处handy意为“易使用的；好用的”。选项D中“First-time visitors to France will find this guide really handy.”的handy表示“易使用的、实用的”，与文中划线词词义一致。 4．根据全文内容，文章围绕适合学生的高效记笔记方法展开，面向学生群体介绍学习技巧，可推知这类内容最可能出现在校报中。 重难词汇: 1. precious /ˈpreʃəs/ adj. 宝贵的；珍贵的 2. develop /dɪˈveləp/ v. 创立；研发；发展（熟词生义） 3. divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ v. 划分；分割；分配 4. replace /rɪˈpleɪs/ v. 取代；替换；代替 5. repeat /rɪˈpiːt/ v. 复述；重复 6. reflect /rɪˈflekt/ v. 反思；思考；反映 长难句精析： 1. 原句：Useful note-taking methods can not only save you precious time and energy but also help you better understand what you learn. 翻译：有效的笔记方法不仅能为你节省宝贵的时间和精力，还能帮助你更好地理解所学知识。 分析：本句运用中考核心并列结构 not only...but also...（不仅……而且……）；包含两个并列谓语save和help；句末what引导宾语从句，作understand的宾语，句式经典，是写作与语法高频考点。 2. 原句：The note-taking column, which is the biggest space, is used to write down notes while you are in class or reading an article. 翻译：面积最大的笔记栏，用于在上课或阅读文章时记录笔记。 分析：复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the note-taking column；主句为被动语态be used to do（被用于做某事）；while引导时间状语从句，存在省略现象，为中考高频长难句式。 3. 原句：Don’t forget to review from time to time so that you will remember the information more easily. 翻译：别忘了时常复习，这样你就能更轻松地记住所学知识。 分析：祈使句+ so that 引导的目的状语从句，是中考必考句型；from time to time 为高频副词短语，意为“时不时、时常”，句式简洁实用，常用于书面表达。 ( 05 英语+ 生物/数学 ) A Garden Plan Labour education (劳动教育) has entered every school. It allows students to get close to nature and learn life skills. If you and your classmates want to plant something in your school garden, you need to make a garden plan. It helps you make sure that each plant has the space it needs to grow. Materials Steps to follow a notebook First, check a seed catalog (种子目录) or a gardening guide to learn what will grow well in your garden. List the plants you will grow. a pencil Second, check the seed catalog or the gardening guide to learn how much space each plant needs. a tapeline Third, make a table to show each plant and how far apart (间隔) it should be planted in a row. Look at the example below. a seed catalog or a gardening guide Plants Symbols on the map Space Tomato T 3 feet apart Carrot C 3 feet apart Rose R 2 feet apart Next, use a tapeline to measure (测量) the length and width of the garden. Write the measurements in your garden plan. Then, make a map of your garden, like the one on the right. Finally, decide which plant you want to grow the most. Mark out the space on your map for that plant. Add the other plants if space allows. When your plan is done, you can start planting. 1．According to the passage, what is the main purpose of making a garden plan? A．To learn more about different plants. B．To make sure each plant has enough space to grow. C．To practice using a tape measure correctly. D．To decide which plant is the most beautiful. 2．If you want to plant four roses in a row, how long will the row need to be at least? A．2 feet. B．4 feet. C．6 feet. D．8 feet. 3．Where can you probably read this passage? A．In a company advertisement. B．In a travelling guide. C．In a school newspaper. D．In a science magazine. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇实用说明文，围绕校园劳动教育展开，介绍了在学校花园种植植物前制定花园规划的重要性，列出了规划所需的材料和具体操作步骤，是一份贴合校园劳动实践的实用指南。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“It helps you make sure that each plant has the space it needs to grow”可知，制定花园规划的主要目的是确保每种植物都有生长所需的足够空间。故选B。 2．细节理解题。据表格“Rose”中“2 feet apart”可知，种植4株玫瑰成一排时，间隔数为4-1=3 个，总长度至少为3×2=6英尺。故选C。 3．推理判断题。本文核心围绕学校劳动教育展开，介绍的是在学校花园种植植物的规划方法，受众是学生和校园相关人群，因此最有可能刊登在校报上。故选C。 重难词汇: 1. material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n. 材料；用具 2. measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/ v. 测量；估量 n. 尺寸 3. mark /mɑːk/ v. 标记；划出 n. 记号；分数 4. allow /əˈlaʊ/ v. 允许；使可能（中考高频动词） 长难句精析： 1. 原句：It helps you make sure that each plant has the space it needs to grow. 翻译：它能帮助你确保每一株植物都拥有生长所需的空间。 分析：主句包含固定搭配help sb. do sth.；make sure后接that引导的宾语从句；从句中包含省略关系代词的定语从句 it needs，修饰先行词the space，是中考经典复合句结构。 2. 原句：Third, make a table to show each plant and how far apart it should be planted in a row. 翻译：第三，制作表格标注每种植物以及栽种时的行间间隔距离。 分析：祈使句；不定式to show作目的状语；show后接两个并列宾语，分别为名词短语each plant和how far apart引导的宾语从句，句式结构清晰，为中考阅读常考句式。 3. 原句：Finally, decide which plant you want to grow the most. Mark out the space on your map for that plant. Add the other plants if space allows. 翻译：最后，确定你最想要种植的植物，在规划图上划出对应区域，若空间充足，再栽种其他植物。 分析：第一句which引导宾语从句；末句为if引导的条件状语从句，采用主谓省略简洁结构，是中考写作高频实用句型。 ( 06 英语+生物/心理 ) Whether it’s donuts, burgers, or ice creams, there are always some people willing to line up for hours to get a taste of the latest food. What these people might not realize, however, is that those treats are even more psychologically rewarding after they’ve waited hours in line. But why do we enjoy things more when we’ve had to suffer for them? It’s a question that’s puzzled neuroscientists for decades, but research published in Nature is throwing light on this phenomenon. This kind of sunk-cost fallacy (谬误) is the tendency to persist with a failing course of action due to prior investments of time, money or effort. It isn’t just a common trap in the business world, it also spreads all over the animal world. Organisms from ants to human beings tend to value those things they had to work for more than those that came easily. It seems counterintuitive (有悖常理的) from an evolutionary view — after all, why would we be hard-wired to put more suffering on ourselves? The answer, according to Shnei, involves our familiar friend dopamine (多巴胺). In an earlier study, Shnei and his colleagues discovered that mice that received a reward after overcoming a challenge released more dopamine compared to those that didn’t suffer for their treat. Now, they’ve added a new piece to the puzzle: according to their latest research, dopamine’s role as a satisfaction signal is even more difficult to understand than previously thought. The bigger the effort, the more dopamine is released, which in turn makes the reward seem more valuable, explaining the satisfaction we feel after finally getting our hands on that donut we’ve been waiting in line for. But why does this happen in the first place? Shnei has some ideas: in an environment with limited resources, where rewards are often hard to come by, it makes sense to prioritize those that require more effort. Because dopamine strengthens the behavior, it may be that we’re hard-wired to value things more when we’ve suffered for them — even if that suffering was entirely unnecessary. The next time you’re waiting in line for a donut, just remember: it might not be the snack that’s worth the wait — it’s your brain playing tricks on you. 1．According to the passage, which of the following is an example of the “sunk-cost fallacy”? A．Choosing a cheaper but less tasty restaurant. B．Sitting through an expensive but terrible movie. C．Buying a new phone since the old one is out of style. D．Taking a taxi instead of waiting for a never-coming bus. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．More effort leads to greater reward value. B．Dopamine has no connection with the effort. C．Mice do not experience the sunk-cost fallacy. D．Mice prefer easy rewards over hard-earned ones. 3．What does the author think of waiting in line for a snack? A．The snack’s taste brings real satisfaction. B．The waiting process is of great importance. C．The tasty snack is well worth the long wait. D．The satisfaction comes from one’s brain reaction. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文从人们愿意排长队买食物的现象出发，介绍了“沉没成本谬误”这一心理现象及其与多巴胺的关系。 【详解】 1．第二段指出“sunk-cost fallacy”是“the tendency to persist with a failing course of action due to prior investments of time, money or effort”，B项“花高价看了一场烂电影却坚持看完”符合“因为已经投入了金钱而继续坚持”的定义。 2．第三段指出“The bigger the effort, the more dopamine is released, which in turn makes the reward seem more valuable”，付出的努力越多，释放的多巴胺越多，会让这份回报在主观感受上看起来更有价值。 3．最后一段指出“it might not be the snack that’s worth the wait — it’s your brain playing tricks on you”，说明作者认为排队等待后的满足感来自大脑的反应，而非食物本身。 重难词汇: 1. rewarding /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/ adj. 有益的；有回报的；带来满足感的 2. tendency /ˈtendənsi/ n. 趋势；倾向 3. light /laɪt/ n. 启发，阐释 4. counterintuitive /ˌkaʊntərɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv/ adj. 反直觉的；有悖常理的 5. prioritize /praɪˈɒrətaɪz/ v. 优先考虑；优先处理 长难句精析： 1. 原句：What these people might not realize, however, is that those treats are even more psychologically rewarding after they’ve waited hours in line. 翻译：然而，这些人可能没有意识到，在排队数小时后，这些美食会在心理上带给人们更强的满足感。 分析：多重复合句。What引导主语从句作主句主语；that引导表语从句；after在表语从句中引导时间状语从句。整体句式嵌套层次丰富，是中考拔高阅读核心句型。 2. 原句：The bigger the effort, the more dopamine is released, which in turn makes the reward seem more valuable, explaining the satisfaction we feel after finally getting our hands on that donut we’ve been waiting in line for. 翻译：付出的努力越多，大脑释放的多巴胺就越多，进而让这份回报显得更加珍贵，这也解释了我们终于吃到排队已久的甜甜圈时所获得的满足感。 分析：经典 the+比较级，the+比较级 句型；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前文整句话内容；现在分词explaining作结果状语；句末包含两处省略关系代词的定语从句，句式复杂，为中考重难点。 3. 原句：In an environment with limited resources, where rewards are often hard to come by, it makes sense to prioritize those that require more effort. 翻译：在资源有限、回报来之不易的环境中，优先选择那些需要付出更多努力的事物是合理的。 分析：where引导定语从句修饰抽象地点environment；主句为it作形式主语，真正主语为后置不定式；that引导定语从句修饰代词those，多重句式嵌套，极具阅读考查价值。 ( 07 英语+物理 ) It was a hot summer day. Papa had some work to do. “It’s hot enough to fry an egg on the sidewalk (人行道),” he said. “You boys keep yourselves busy while I finish my work, and we’ll do something fun together to cool off.” After hearing his father’s words, Jesse thought it was unbelievable. Was it true? So he decided to have a try himself. He came back a few minutes later. “Actually, it didn’t work,” Jesse said disappointedly. “Dad lied to us.” “What?” Sam asked. “It isn’t hot enough to fry an egg on the sidewalk,” said Jesse. Papa looked up from his work. “Did you try to do that?” he asked. “Yes, but the egg wasn’t cooked, and it didn’t even turn white around the edges (边缘),” said Jesse. “Show me the egg, Jesse,” said Sam. The egg had not changed a bit. It looked like a yellow eye. “Why don’t you use a magnifying glass (放大镜) to focus sunlight on the egg?” Sam suggested. “Miss Li told us that the magnifying glass focuses the sunlight and causes the temperature to rise. Maybe we can use it to fry the egg.” “It’s a good idea. Let’s have a try!” After a few minutes of focusing the sunlight with the magnifying glass, the egg was just fried. The two boys were so excited about that. Later, they understood, “What others say is not always right. It only takes practice and effort to find out whether it’s true or not. Therefore, when things don’t go well, we can try to think differently so that the problems can be easily solved.” 1．What did Jesse do after hearing his father’s words? A．He stayed at home. B．He bought some eggs. C．He tried to fry an egg on the sidewalk. D．He tried to cool himself down outside. 2．How did Jesse feel after first trying to fry the egg on the road? A．Excited. B．Disappointed. C．Nervous. D．Worried. 3．Which of the following pictures shows the reason why the egg can turn white with a magnifying glass? A． B． C． D． 4．What can we learn from the story? A．Eggs are easy to cook. B．Fathers always tell the truth. C．Summer is the best time for experiments. D．Practice and creative thinking can solve problems. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是记叙文，讲述了杰西听闻爸爸说人行道热得能煎鸡蛋后亲自尝试却失败，随后和山姆借助放大镜聚光成功煎熟鸡蛋的故事，阐明了实践与换角度思考能帮助解决问题的道理。 【详解】 1．根据文章第2段“After hearing his father’s words, Jesse thought it was unbelievable. Was it true? So he decided to have a try himself.”以及“It isn’t hot enough to fry an egg on the sidewalk.”可知，杰西听到父亲的话后尝试在人行道上煎鸡蛋。 2．根据文章第2段“‘Actually, it didn’t work,’ Jesse said disappointedly.”可知，第一次尝试煎鸡蛋失败后，杰西的心情是失望的。 3．根据文章第5段“Miss Li told us that the magnifying glass focuses the sunlight and causes the temperature to rise.”可知，放大镜属于凸透镜，可将近似平行的太阳光会聚到一点，使温度升高。图A是凸透镜的光路图，展示了平行光线经凸透镜后会聚到焦点的过程，符合放大镜聚光升温的原理。 4．根据文章最后一段“It only takes practice and effort to find out whether it’s true or not. Therefore, when things don’t go well, we can try to think differently so that the problems can be easily solved.”可知，从故事中我们能学到，实践和创造性思维可以解决问题。 重难词汇: 1. unbelievable /ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbl/ adj. 难以置信的；不可思议的 2. disappointedly /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪtɪdli/ adv. 失望地；沮丧地 3. focus /ˈfəʊkəs/ v. 聚焦；集中（光线、注意力） n. 焦点 长难句精析： 1. 原句：It only takes practice and effort to find out whether it’s true or not. 翻译：只有通过实践和努力，才能弄清事情的真伪。 分析：中考核心固定句型 It takes sth. to do sth.（做某事需要……）；不定式作真正主语，it为形式主语；whether引导宾语从句，作find out的宾语，结构经典，常用于完形与写作。 3. 原句：Therefore, when things don’t go well, we can try to think differently so that the problems can be easily solved. 翻译：因此，当事情进展不顺时，我们可以尝试换个思路，这样就能轻松解决问题。 分析：多重复合句；when引导时间状语从句；so that引导目的状语从句；从句为被动语态，differently副词修饰动词think。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 热点07 跨学科融合阅读（人文+语文+生物+心理+数学+物理） 1 英语+人文 一位老师在课堂上让学生用一个词证明自己不是AI，并分享了三位学生各自选择的词语及背后蕴含的人类独有情感和真实体验的故事 2 英语+语文/历史 汉语方位词背后的文化密码 3 英语+生物/心理 多巴胺揭秘：为何玩手机比学习更有趣 4 英语+心理 介绍了康奈尔笔记法的发明背景、页面结构、使用步骤及作用，旨在帮助学生掌握高效的记笔记方法，提升学习效率 5 英语+生物/数学 科学规划，巧手种植——校园园艺方案指南 6 英语+生物/心理 从人们愿意排长队买食物的现象出发，介绍了“沉没成本谬误”这一心理现象及其与多巴胺的关系。 7 英语+物理 杰西听闻爸爸说人行道热得能煎鸡蛋后亲自尝试却失败，随后和山姆借助放大镜聚光成功煎熟鸡蛋的故事 ( 0 1 英语+ 人文 ) 阅读下文并回答问题。 When AI brings unprecedented (前所未有的) convenience, what makes humanity valuable? A Chinese teacher collected 54 answers from her students, posing a single question in class: “Prove (证明) you’re not an AI with one word. What would you choose?” .The following are three of their responses. Lacey: My dad had been ill for weeks. Some of those days I was overcome with fear, and some with worrying thoughts. Yet I still held his hand and kept believing that tomorrow might be better because the love of family never gives up easily. Experiences like this make me understand: AI can offer answers to almost everything, but everything I felt in my hope stays only in humans like me. Winslet: Since primary school, I always considered my classmates smarter than me. I remember the slow and painful progress. But those experiences taught me to accept my “stupidity” and turn it into a push to try harder. AI can work quickly, but it will never understand the struggle (挣扎), the joy, the upset and the quiet pride of growing from my own “stupidity”. Chris: On my walk home, I always slow down for sunsets, flowers, and stray (流浪) cats. I still remember the nervousness while waiting for the exam result, and the feeling of being excited and worried when waiting for the girl I care about. AI can have all the data (数据) on earth but not those real moments of life. And all the ups and downs I had in my heart always remind me of the beauty of being a human. Soon, this class went popular online and received many different answers, each of which was surprising and heartfelt. And those answers together show us the differences between humans and AI. 1．Did Lacey’s family members give up on her dad easily? 2．How does Chris feel about waiting for the girl he cares about? 3．According to the answers, what are the differences between humans and AI? 4．Which word would you choose to prove you are not AI? Share your answer like the three above.(about 30 words) ( 02 英语+语文 /历史 ) Have you ever wondered why we say maidongxi instead of mainánbei, shangcesuo instead of xiacesuo, and yijianxiangzuo instead of yijianxiangyou? Many Chinese words have directions in them, and there is lots of history and culture hidden behind. East or West When going shopping, Chinese people say maidongxi instead of mainanbei. A theory says that in the Tang Dynasty, there were two popular markets in Chang’ an, the national capital at that time. One was called the East Market, and the other was called the West Market. When shopping, people usually went to the East Market first, and then went to the West Market. As time went by, people started to describe shopping as maidongxi. Up or down We use shangcesuo to mean “go to the bathroom” and xiachufang to mean “go to the kitchen”. Why? In ancient times, houses were laid out (布局) in a certain way. The gate of the house would face south, with the bathroom in the northeastern part of the house and the kitchen in the southeastern part. On maps, north is usually at the top while south is at the bottom. In Chinese, we talk about the north as shang and the south as xia. So people would say they’re going up to the bathroom and down to the kitchen. Ancient Chinese not only used shang and xia to refer to directions but also social positions. For example, people used huangshang to refer to the emperor and dianxia to refer to princess who had a lower position than the emperor. Left or right Most people today are right-handed. They feel uncomfortable if they try to use their left hand to write or use chopsticks. This was true in old times as well. So in ancient China, “left” means something different, such as in yijianxiangzuo. When shaking hands, it’s important to know which hand to use. In most cultures, the right hand is generally used for a handshake. For example, in some countries, such as India and Nepal, the left hand is considered unclean. However, if you are in a culture where the left hand is used, you’d better do as the locals do. 1．Why does the writer mention shangcesuo and yijianxiangzuo at the beginning? A．To share a story. B．To solve a mystery. C．To give an example. D．To start the topic. 2．Which picture shows the layout of houses in ancient China according to the passage? gate ; bathroom ; kitchen A． B． C． D． 3．Which Chinese phrase shows the cultural meaning mentioned in the passage? A．左顾右盼 B．七上八下 C．日落西山 D．旁门左道 4．Which of the following may be the best title for this passage? A．Changes in the use of words for directions in Chinese. B．Differences between Chinese and English for directions. C．History and culture behind Chinese words for directions. D．Social position hidden behind Chinese words for directions. ( 03 英语+ 生物/心理 ) Time flies when you have fun on your smartphone. But when you sit down to work and study, an hour feels like a year. It is all because of something small called dopamine which is a “joy chemical” that makes people feel good. Our brains (脑) release it when we eat yummy food, after we exercise or when we are praised. Compared with studying, eating chocolate can make your brain release 150% more dopamine, and exercising for 30 minutes raises it by 200%. But using smartphones creates much more dopamine. For example, watching short videos gives a 250% increase, and checking new messages makes dopamine jump by 400%—much higher than studying. But why? When we go through social media, we don’t know what we’ll see next. This uncertainty makes dopamine active. Studying doesn’t provide such uncertainty. Without the excitement of gambling (赌博)”, we get bored much more easily. Can we do something to change that? According to research, apps can become less attractive if we turn off notifications (消息通知) or change the screen colours to black and white. We can also set time controls on apps. As for studying, you could check your progress daily or weekly and reward yourself for it. You could also explore interesting topics related to your textbooks. 1．Which of the following can be put in “________”? A．Why is studying so important for our brains? B．Why are we so easily tired of using smartphones? C．Why is using a smartphone the best way to improve study? D．Why are we so crazy about smartphones but easily bored with studying? 2．What does the underlined word “release” mean in the passage? A．Recycle. B．Reduce. C．Produce. D．Attract. 3．Which of the following pictures shows the level of dopamine increase? A． B． C． D． 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．The Joy Source of Life: Dopamine B．The Cure of Screen Habit: Phone Tips C．The Fun-Killer of Study: Dopamine D．The Cure for Boredom: Learning Plans ( 04 英语+心理 ) When you take notes in your class, are you confident that you’ll actually go back and look over them or do you just write out your notes in class and then completely forget all the information you wrote down? Useful note-taking methods can not only save you precious time and energy but also help you better understand what you learn. One of them is the Cornell note-taking system. It was first developed in the 1940s by education professor Walter Pauk at Cornell University to help students learn. According to Cornell Notes, each page is divided into three sections: the note-taking column, the cue (提示) column and summary space. It’s very easy. You just need to draw two lines on your note page, leaving a 2.5-inch margin (页边空白) on the left and a 2-inch margin on the bottom. The note-taking column, which is the biggest space, is used to write down notes while you are in class or reading an article. The key point is that you don’t write down what you hear word by word. Instead, use short phrases, symbols or key words to replace long sentences. After class, you should think of some questions in the cue column according to the notes you’ve written to help you remember as much information as possible. The next step is to cover the note-taking column with a piece of paper or your hand. Then, by only looking at the questions for key words, try to repeat the notes in your own words. The summary is designed to help you reflect on (反思) what you’ve learned. Questions may also be useful. For example, what’s the importance of these facts? What principles are they based on? How can I apply them? You can also write down your own ideas and personal feelings. Don’t forget to review from time to time so that you will remember the information more easily. After a few months of using this handy note-taking method, you are sure to become the note-taking star of your class! 1．What does the Cornell Notes look like? A． B． C． D． 2．What are the steps of the Cornell note-taking method? A．②③①④ B．②③④① C．③②①④ D．③②④① ①Summarize your thoughts and feelings. ②Write some questions in the cue column. ③Put down key words in the note-taking column. ④Cover the notes and try to retell according to the questions. 3．Which sentence uses “handy” with the same meaning as the underlined word? handy /ˈhændi/ adj. ①易使用的   ②近便的   ③手巧的 A．It’s a nice house and it’s handy for the train station. B．Jonathan’s good at putting up wallpaper, but he’s not so handy with a paintbrush. C．When I’m cooking something new, I like to keep the cookbook handy. D．First-time visitors to France will find this guide really handy. 4．Where can you probably read this passage? A．In notebook ads. B．In school newspapers. C．In science research. D．In history books. ( 05 英语+ 生物/数学 ) A Garden Plan Labour education (劳动教育) has entered every school. It allows students to get close to nature and learn life skills. If you and your classmates want to plant something in your school garden, you need to make a garden plan. It helps you make sure that each plant has the space it needs to grow. Materials Steps to follow a notebook First, check a seed catalog (种子目录) or a gardening guide to learn what will grow well in your garden. List the plants you will grow. a pencil Second, check the seed catalog or the gardening guide to learn how much space each plant needs. a tapeline Third, make a table to show each plant and how far apart (间隔) it should be planted in a row. Look at the example below. a seed catalog or a gardening guide Plants Symbols on the map Space Tomato T 3 feet apart Carrot C 3 feet apart Rose R 2 feet apart Next, use a tapeline to measure (测量) the length and width of the garden. Write the measurements in your garden plan. Then, make a map of your garden, like the one on the right. Finally, decide which plant you want to grow the most. Mark out the space on your map for that plant. Add the other plants if space allows. When your plan is done, you can start planting. 1．According to the passage, what is the main purpose of making a garden plan? A．To learn more about different plants. B．To make sure each plant has enough space to grow. C．To practice using a tape measure correctly. D．To decide which plant is the most beautiful. 2．If you want to plant four roses in a row, how long will the row need to be at least? A．2 feet. B．4 feet. C．6 feet. D．8 feet. 3．Where can you probably read this passage? A．In a company advertisement. B．In a travelling guide. C．In a school newspaper. D．In a science magazine. ( 06 英语+生物/心理 ) Whether it’s donuts, burgers, or ice creams, there are always some people willing to line up for hours to get a taste of the latest food. What these people might not realize, however, is that those treats are even more psychologically rewarding after they’ve waited hours in line. But why do we enjoy things more when we’ve had to suffer for them? It’s a question that’s puzzled neuroscientists for decades, but research published in Nature is throwing light on this phenomenon. This kind of sunk-cost fallacy (谬误) is the tendency to persist with a failing course of action due to prior investments of time, money or effort. It isn’t just a common trap in the business world, it also spreads all over the animal world. Organisms from ants to human beings tend to value those things they had to work for more than those that came easily. It seems counterintuitive (有悖常理的) from an evolutionary view — after all, why would we be hard-wired to put more suffering on ourselves? The answer, according to Shnei, involves our familiar friend dopamine (多巴胺). In an earlier study, Shnei and his colleagues discovered that mice that received a reward after overcoming a challenge released more dopamine compared to those that didn’t suffer for their treat. Now, they’ve added a new piece to the puzzle: according to their latest research, dopamine’s role as a satisfaction signal is even more difficult to understand than previously thought. The bigger the effort, the more dopamine is released, which in turn makes the reward seem more valuable, explaining the satisfaction we feel after finally getting our hands on that donut we’ve been waiting in line for. But why does this happen in the first place? Shnei has some ideas: in an environment with limited resources, where rewards are often hard to come by, it makes sense to prioritize those that require more effort. Because dopamine strengthens the behavior, it may be that we’re hard-wired to value things more when we’ve suffered for them — even if that suffering was entirely unnecessary. The next time you’re waiting in line for a donut, just remember: it might not be the snack that’s worth the wait — it’s your brain playing tricks on you. 1．According to the passage, which of the following is an example of the “sunk-cost fallacy”? A．Choosing a cheaper but less tasty restaurant. B．Sitting through an expensive but terrible movie. C．Buying a new phone since the old one is out of style. D．Taking a taxi instead of waiting for a never-coming bus. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．More effort leads to greater reward value. B．Dopamine has no connection with the effort. C．Mice do not experience the sunk-cost fallacy. D．Mice prefer easy rewards over hard-earned ones. 3．What does the author think of waiting in line for a snack? A．The snack’s taste brings real satisfaction. B．The waiting process is of great importance. C．The tasty snack is well worth the long wait. D．The satisfaction comes from one’s brain reaction. ( 07 英语+物理 ) It was a hot summer day. Papa had some work to do. “It’s hot enough to fry an egg on the sidewalk (人行道),” he said. “You boys keep yourselves busy while I finish my work, and we’ll do something fun together to cool off.” After hearing his father’s words, Jesse thought it was unbelievable. Was it true? So he decided to have a try himself. He came back a few minutes later. “Actually, it didn’t work,” Jesse said disappointedly. “Dad lied to us.” “What?” Sam asked. “It isn’t hot enough to fry an egg on the sidewalk,” said Jesse. Papa looked up from his work. “Did you try to do that?” he asked. “Yes, but the egg wasn’t cooked, and it didn’t even turn white around the edges (边缘),” said Jesse. “Show me the egg, Jesse,” said Sam. The egg had not changed a bit. It looked like a yellow eye. “Why don’t you use a magnifying glass (放大镜) to focus sunlight on the egg?” Sam suggested. “Miss Li told us that the magnifying glass focuses the sunlight and causes the temperature to rise. Maybe we can use it to fry the egg.” “It’s a good idea. Let’s have a try!” After a few minutes of focusing the sunlight with the magnifying glass, the egg was just fried. The two boys were so excited about that. Later, they understood, “What others say is not always right. It only takes practice and effort to find out whether it’s true or not. Therefore, when things don’t go well, we can try to think differently so that the problems can be easily solved.” 1．What did Jesse do after hearing his father’s words? A．He stayed at home. B．He bought some eggs. C．He tried to fry an egg on the sidewalk. D．He tried to cool himself down outside. 2．How did Jesse feel after first trying to fry the egg on the road? A．Excited. B．Disappointed. C．Nervous. D．Worried. 3．Which of the following pictures shows the reason why the egg can turn white with a magnifying glass? A． B． C． D． 4．What can we learn from the story? A．Eggs are easy to cook. B．Fathers always tell the truth. C．Summer is the best time for experiments. D．Practice and creative thinking can solve problems. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $